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<document id="8C93A95E1C30CD0153717426B87B8E81" ID-DOI="10.5252/zoosystema2024v46a25" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13907152" ID-ZooBank="D4AC1F89-AC34-43C4-9761-3F2015A02265" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1728463297646" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Segniagbeto, Gabriel Hoinsoudé, Mark-Oliver, Annemarie Ohler, Luca, Mark-Oliver Rödel, Alain, Luca Luiselli &amp; Dubois, Alain" docDate="2024" docId="03F187A4FF9DFFCBAB55FECBFC51F9C2" docLanguage="en" docName="zoosystema.2024.46.25.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 46 (25)" docSource="https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2024v46a25.pdf" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5CC576F744449C1860B4E72ABD884631.9:Zoosystema.2020-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5CC576F744449C1860B4E72ABD884631" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2020-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hyperolius laticeps Ahl 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="670" masterDocId="FFC8FFDCFFB4FFE2AA73FFBDFFEFFFCF" masterDocTitle="Amphibians of Togo: taxonomy, distribution and conservation status" masterLastPageNumber="670" masterPageNumber="631" pageNumber="670" updateTime="1728463900544" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="D27BCFC5416D8E2E552A0AFB4EA2EE35" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="5CD8D69E4319B420BC59EA6155C31293">
<mods:title id="4CA0442EE8047C439FE42ACC5E5B72E5">Amphibians of Togo: taxonomy, distribution and conservation status</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F7505D40C93D9F0D90BCE29AE426EC81">Segniagbeto, Gabriel Hoinsoudé</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="58AA2119C93D26D5C42F85B222BC97D2">Laboratory of Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, BP 6057 Lomé, Togo, BP 1515, Lomé (Togo) and Institute for Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation, Rome (Italy) gsegniagbeto @ gmail. com (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="321311223A3A96BF424292AA3CCEC060">Mark-Oliver, Annemarie Ohler</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BA12548097F8EB153483C62E8B4A1633">Luca, Mark-Oliver Rödel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5A2AA5BA59C5F35FED0148E3A0D30B48">Alain, Luca Luiselli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AC6AC371F3D67190161F546A1BC56C33">Dubois, Alain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="365FB2D132DAB87CB82B816AC59AAEFE">Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE-PSL, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 30, F- 75005, Paris (France) alain. dubois @ mnhn. fr</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="71D21633F3FF560155528FC4D74B83F5" type="email">dubois@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="87D7DC0C9F14C88292EBAF22EBB7F855">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="111E08FA52E7E8A2A050113AAAB59BA0">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FC3757081EDFA0B6A803070341658DB3">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4807487FFACE0B9AFBA21693C8799CD6">25</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F187A4FF9DFFCBAB55FECBFC51F9C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FF9DFFCBAB55FECBFC51F9C2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F187A4FF9DFFCBAB55FECBFC51F9C2" lastPageNumber="670" pageId="41" pageNumber="670">
<subSubSection id="C3426539FF9DFFCBAB55FECBFD8AFE5E" box="[294,613,374,401]" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FF9DFFCBAB55FECBFD8AFE5E" blockId="41.[294,613,374,401]" box="[294,613,374,401]" pageId="41" pageNumber="670">
<heading id="D0AF81DEFF9DFFCBAB55FECBFD8AFE5E" box="[294,613,374,401]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FF9DFFCBAB55FECBFD8AFE5E" ID-CoL="3NQV2" authority="Ahl, 1931" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1931" box="[294,613,374,401]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FF9DFFCBAB55FECBFE1EFE5E" bold="true" box="[294,497,374,401]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="670">Hyperolius laticeps</emphasis>
Ahl, 1931
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FF9DFFCBAAF7FE0DFC51F9C2" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" type="materials_examined">
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. —
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(
<typeStatus id="54E38810FF9DFFCBABABFE0DFDDEFE07" box="[472,561,432,456]" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) •
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFF9DFFCBA83DFE0DFECFFE32" collectingDate="1892-12-17" collectorName="Leopold Fritz Wilhelm Conradt" country="Togo" location="Togo" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" specimenCount="1">
ZMB 46529, juvenile collected by
<collectorName id="26AD5364FF9DFFCBAB58FE77FD89FE2D" box="[299,614,458,482]" pageId="41" pageNumber="670">Leopold Fritz Wilhelm Conradt</collectorName>
on
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<collectingDate id="EFA2E99AFF9DFFCBA8FEFE77FCE9FE2D" box="[653,774,458,482]" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" value="1892-12-17">
17.XII.
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBA8A2FE77FCE9FE2D" box="[721,774,458,482]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.80568" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="in" value="1892.0">1892</quantity>
</collectingDate>
</date>
in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FF9DFFCBAAEEFE58FF20FE32" box="[157,207,485,509]" name="Togo" pageId="41" pageNumber="670">Togo</collectingCountry>
(Fig. 8)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FF9DFFCBAAF7FD8AFE38FD80" blockId="41.[130,778,567,1549]" box="[132,471,567,593]" pageId="41" pageNumber="670">
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Specimen in mediocre condition, flattened; of very small size (SVL
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBAAB1FDCBFEC4FD5F" box="[194,299,630,656]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="14.2">14.2 mm</quantity>
), rather robust. Head of large size, narrower (HW
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBAAB0FD28FEF5FD7F" box="[195,282,661,688]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="5.9">5.9 mm</quantity>
) than long (HL
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBABB4FD2BFDF1FD7F" box="[455,542,662,688]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="6.7">6.7 mm</quantity>
;
<collectingRegion id="499CF850FF9DFFCBA85BFD2BFDB7FD7F" box="[552,600,662,688]" country="Benin" name="Mono" pageId="41" pageNumber="670">MN</collectingRegion>
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBA82EFD28FD2CFD7F" box="[605,707,661,688]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.31" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="5.31">5.31 mm</quantity>
; MFE
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBAAF0FD0BFF07FD1F" box="[131,232,694,720]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.34" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="4.34">4.34 mm</quantity>
; MBE
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBAB41FD08FE76FD1F" box="[306,409,693,720]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.59" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="2.59">2.59 mm</quantity>
), flat. Snout rounded, protruding, its length (SL
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBAB51FD6BFE64FD3F" box="[290,395,726,752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.27" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="2.27">2.27 mm</quantity>
) shorter than horizontal diameter of eye (EL
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBAB74FD48FE99FCC0" box="[263,374,757,783]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.72" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="2.72">2.72 mm</quantity>
). Canthus rostralis rounded, loreal region concave, at an obtuse angle to upper head. Interorbital space flat, about same width (IUE
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBA82FFC88FD2BFC80" box="[604,708,821,848]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="1.75">1.75 mm</quantity>
) than upper eyelid (UEW
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBAB18FCE8FE3BFCA0" box="[363,468,853,879]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="1.81">1.81 mm</quantity>
) but wider than internarial distance (IN
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBAB60FCC8FE93FC40" box="[275,380,885,912]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="1.56">1.56 mm</quantity>
); distance between front of eyes (IFE
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBAAF0FC28FF06FC60" box="[131,233,917,944]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.50 mm</quantity>
) about two third of distance between back of eyes (IBE
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBAAB3FC09FEC6FC00" box="[192,297,948,975]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.31" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="5.31">5.31 mm</quantity>
). Nostrils about as close to tip of snout (NS
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBAAF7FC68FF04FC20" box="[132,235,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="1.04">1.04 mm</quantity>
) as to eye (EN
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBABE2FC68FE15FC20" box="[401,506,981,1007]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.17" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="1.17">1.17 mm</quantity>
). Pupil oval. Tympanum indistinct, its diameter (TYD
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBABA5FC49FDD0FBC0" box="[470,575,1012,1039]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="0.65">0.65 mm</quantity>
) about two times its distance from eye (TYE
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBABD9FBA9FDFDFBE1" box="[426,530,1044,1070]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="0.26">0.26 mm</quantity>
). Pineal ocellus absent. Vomerine ridges absent. Tongue large, oval, emarginate; median lingual process absent. Tooth-like bony projections on maxilla absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FF9DFFCBAAE8FB29FE04F9C2" blockId="41.[130,778,567,1549]" pageId="41" pageNumber="670">
Forearm short, moderately thick (FLL
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBA84CFB29FD47FB61" box="[575,680,1172,1199]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="2.85">2.85 mm</quantity>
), shorter than length of hand (HAL
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), not enlarged. Fingers I and
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FF9DFFCBAA8CFB69FEFDFB21" box="[255,274,1236,1262]" pageId="41" pageNumber="670">II</collectionCode>
short, strong, fingers
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FF9DFFCBA863FB69FDC2FB21" box="[528,557,1236,1262]" pageId="41" pageNumber="670">III</collectionCode>
and
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long (TFL
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), strong. Relative length of fingers, shortest to longest: I &lt;
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FF9DFFCBAB7DFAA9FECEFAE1" box="[270,289,1300,1326]" pageId="41" pageNumber="670">II</collectionCode>
&lt;
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FF9DFFCBAB31FAA9FEB0FAE1" box="[322,351,1300,1326]" pageId="41" pageNumber="670">IV</collectionCode>
&lt;
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FF9DFFCBAB0DFAA9FE71FAE1" box="[382,414,1300,1326]" pageId="41" pageNumber="670">III</collectionCode>
. Tips of toes rounded, enlarged, with circumventral grooves (WAI
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBAB8BFA8EFD8FFA81" box="[504,608,1331,1358]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="0.37">0.37 mm</quantity>
; PAI
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBA8E8FA8EFCEDFA81" box="[667,770,1331,1358]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.699999999999999" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="0.47">0.47 mm</quantity>
; WAII
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBAABFFAEEFED7FAA1" box="[204,312,1363,1390]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
; PAII
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBABF0FAEEFE00FAA1" box="[387,495,1363,1390]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="0.56">0.56 mm</quantity>
; WAIII
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBA83DFAEEFD55FAA1" box="[590,698,1363,1390]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="0.53">0.53 mm</quantity>
; PAIII
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBAAF5FACEFF1FFA41" box="[134,240,1395,1422]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.199999999999999" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="0.72">0.72 mm</quantity>
; WAIV
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBAB39FACEFE5BFA41" box="[330,436,1395,1422]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="0.44">0.44 mm</quantity>
; PAIV
<quantity id="4CA09B57FF9DFFCBA877FACEFD81FA42" box="[516,622,1395,1422]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="41" pageNumber="670" unit="mm" value="0.56">0.56 mm</quantity>
). Fingers I-IV with moderate webbing: I 2 – 2
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FF9DFFCBAB8CFA29FDFCFA61" box="[511,531,1428,1454]" pageId="41" pageNumber="670">II</collectionCode>
1 ½ – 2
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FF9DFFCBA8F7FA29FD4DFA61" box="[644,674,1428,1454]" pageId="41" pageNumber="670">III</collectionCode>
2 – 1 2/3
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FF9DFFCBAAF7FA0EFF4EFA02" box="[132,161,1459,1485]" pageId="41" pageNumber="670">IV</collectionCode>
. Subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded, single, all present. Prepollex indistinct; palmar tubercles indistinct; supernumerary tubercles absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FF9DFFCBA930FECAFB19FC60" blockId="41.[811,1457,374,1135]" pageId="41" pageNumber="670">
Shank three times longer (TL
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) than their maximum width (TW
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) but longer than distance from base of internal metatarsal tubercle to tip of toe
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). Toes short, strong; toe
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(FTL
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) about third of distance from base of tarsus to tip of toe
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). Relative length of toes, shortest to longest: I &lt;
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&lt;
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&lt;V &lt;
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. Tips of toes rounded, enlarged with circumventral grooves (WPI
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; PPI
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; WPII
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; PPII
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; WPIII
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; PPIII
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; WPIV
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; PPIV
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; WPV
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; PPV
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). Webbing moderate: I 1 ½ – 2
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1 ½ – 2
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2 – 2 ½
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2 ½ – 0 V (MTTF
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; MTFF
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; TFTF
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; FFTF
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). Dermal ridge along toe V present, from tip of toe to its proximal end. Subarticular tubercles rounded, simple, all present. Inner metatarsal tubercle flat, short, oval; its length (IMT
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) three times in length of toe I (ITL
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).Tarsal ridge, outer metatarsal, supernumerary and tarsal tubercles absent.
</paragraph>
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</paragraph>
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<collectingRegion id="499CF850FF9DFFCBA95EFA4EFCB7F9C2" box="[813,856,1523,1549]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="41" pageNumber="670">Not</collectingRegion>
checked.
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</treatment>
</document>

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(
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. —
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•
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; Akloa; MNHN-RA-2008.0116, ZMB 77905-77907 •
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; Kouma Tokpli; Coll. GHS-W 0805 •
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; Missahohé; MNHN-RA-2008.0117; Coll. GHS-W 0827 •
</paragraph>
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<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA0FFF6A95DFB05FCBBFB1B" box="[814,852,1208,1236]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="649" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
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; Coll. GHS-W 1149
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•
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;
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; ZMB 77908, ZMB 77909
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•
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;
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(
<collectingMunicipality id="6B83ACC8FFA0FFF6AE36FB6EFAFCFB24" box="[1093,1299,1235,1259]" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">Fazao National Park</collectingMunicipality>
); Coll. GHS-W 1917, Coll. GHS-W 1918
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFA0FFF6A95EFA94FBA2F827" pageId="20" pageNumber="649" type="description">
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. — Fairly robust, but elongate frog (SVL
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<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA0FFF6AFE6FA91FA46FA8C" box="[1429,1449,1324,1347]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="649" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
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<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA0FFF6A905FAFAFC68FA91" box="[886,903,1351,1374]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="649" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA0FFF6A9EFFAFCFBF6FA95" author="SCHIOTZ A." box="[924,1049,1345,1370]" pageId="20" pageNumber="649" pagination="1 - 346" refId="ref38284" refString="SCHIOTZ A. 1967. - The treefrogs (Rhacophoridae) of West Africa. Spolia zoologica Musei haunienses 25: 1 - 346." type="journal article" year="1967">SchiØtz 1967</bibRefCitation>
). Snout rounded or oval. Head longer than broad (HW 33-34% SVL; HL 34-36% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 4-5% SVL).Tibia moderately long (TL 48-50% SVL). Webbing large; webbing formula: I 1 – 1 II 0 – 1 III 0 – 1 IV 1 – 0 V. Toes and fingers terminated by disks. Skin uniformly smooth over the entire dorsal part and on the flanks; belly and chest granular.
</paragraph>
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. — The dorsal colouration is yellow to green in life, gray or brownish in alcohol. The flanks are yellow often with brown band or spots. The canthus rostralis is marked by a light-yellow line. The hidden parts of shanks, tips of fingers and toes and web are reddish. The ventral side is yellowish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFA0FFF6A95EF91AFA5EF970" blockId="20.[813,1457,1703,1727]" box="[813,1457,1703,1727]" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">
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. — Males have a subgular vocal sac with a gland.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFA0FFF6A95EF95FFBA2F827" blockId="20.[812,1457,1761,2024]" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">
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. — This species is found around waterfalls areas in gallery forests of varying density, in montane areas. It becomes active only at very late hours during the night, later than other syntopic frog species. The
<typeStatus id="54E38810FFA0FFF6AEE4F88CFB02F886" box="[1175,1261,1841,1865]" pageId="20" pageNumber="649" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(ZMUC R074376) described by
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originated from the forest area of
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA0FFF6A939F8DBFC6FF8B1" box="[842,896,1894,1918]" name="Togo" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">Togo</collectingCountry>
. This species has long been considered endemic to this area (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA0FFF6A917F8C2FC0AF857" author="SCHIOTZ A." box="[868,997,1919,1944]" pageId="20" pageNumber="649" pagination="1 - 346" refId="ref38284" refString="SCHIOTZ A. 1967. - The treefrogs (Rhacophoridae) of West Africa. Spolia zoologica Musei haunienses 25: 1 - 346." type="journal article" year="1967">SchiØtz 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA0FFF6A983F83DFB54F857" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C." box="[1008,1211,1920,1944]" pageId="20" pageNumber="649" pagination="207 - 234" refId="ref37242" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C. 2003. - Amphibians of the Togo- Volta highlands, eastern Ghana. Salamandra 39: 207 - 234." type="journal article" year="2003">Rödel &amp; Agyei 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA0FFF6AEB4F83DFA95F857" author="LEACHE A. D. &amp; RODEL M. - O. &amp; LINKEM C. W. &amp; DIAZ R. E. &amp; HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K." box="[1223,1402,1920,1944]" pageId="20" pageNumber="649" pagination="22 - 45" refId="ref36129" refString="LEACHE A. D., RODEL M. - O., LINKEM C. W., DIAZ R. E., HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K. 2006. - Biodiversity in a forest island: reptiles and amphibians of the West African Togo hills. Amphibian &amp; Reptile Conservation 4: 22 - 45. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 51145036" type="journal article" year="2006">
Leaché
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA0FFF6AF62F83CFAAEF857" box="[1297,1345,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
), but a paper by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA0FFF6A9EAF826FBA2F87C" author="NAGO S. G. A. &amp; GRELL O. &amp; SINSIN B. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[921,1101,1947,1971]" pageId="20" pageNumber="649" pagination="93 - 108" refId="ref36329" refString="NAGO S. G. A., GRELL O., SINSIN B. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2006. - The amphibian fauna of the Pendjari National Park and surroundings, northern Benin. Salamandra 42: 93 - 108." type="journal article" year="2006">
Nago
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA0FFF6A9A7F826FBEBF87C" box="[980,1028,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
showed its presence in cascades of a forest at Kota, northern
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. It is likely to have a wider distribution across the
<collectingRegion id="499CF850FFA0FFF6A9B3F86DFBE4F827" box="[960,1035,2000,2024]" country="Benin" name="Atakora" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">Atacora</collectingRegion>
chain.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA1FFF7A91FFBC9FBABFB41" bold="true" box="[876,1092,1139,1166]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Kassina senegalensis</emphasis>
(Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1841)
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(
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)
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. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA1FFF7AE31FB70FB98FB2A" box="[1090,1143,1229,1253]" name="Togo" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Togo</collectingCountry>
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•
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,
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; Kanté; MNHN- RA-1998.2013, MNHN-RA-1993.2241-2443, MNHN- RA-1993.3994 •
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,
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; Lomé; MNHN-RA-1993.3994, MNHN-RA-1998.2241-2243 •
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; Tsévié; MNHN- RA-2006.2693-2696.
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. — Small sized frog (SVL
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,
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), with slender, but fairly robust body. Snout rounded. Head slightly longer than broad (HW 29-33% SVL; HL 31-35% SVL). Tympanum distinct, round, very small (TYD 4-5% SVL). Tibia very short (TL 30-37% SVL). Webbing absent, phalanges all free. Back and upper parts of flanks smooth; lower parts of flanks and belly with glandular warts.
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. — The back shows three black longitudinal bands, either continuous or broken into blotches, on a beige background. These bands are starting from the snout and joining at the vent. The canthus rostralis and the loreal and tympanic regions are black. The snout is beige with some black spots, the edge of the upper lip is beige.
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. — Males have a glandular disc on the subgular vocal sac.
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. —
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA1FFF7AE00F8A4FAC5F8FF" box="[1139,1322,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Kassina senegalensis</emphasis>
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is widespread throughout Africa, ranging from
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA1FFF7AE1FF88EFB5AF884" box="[1132,1205,1843,1867]" name="Senegal" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Senegal</collectingCountry>
to southern Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA1FFF7AF05F88EFC8FF8AA" author="PERRET J. - L." pageId="21" pageNumber="650" pagination="289 - 464" refId="ref36751" refString="PERRET J. - L. 1966. - Les amphibiens du Cameroun. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere 8: 289 - 464." type="journal article" year="1966">Perret 1966</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA1FFF7A919F8F3FC11F8AA" author="LAMOTTE M." box="[874,1022,1869,1893]" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" pagination="218 - 294" refId="ref35716" refString="LAMOTTE M. 1967 a. - Les Batraciens de la region de Gpakobo (Cote d'Ivoire). Bulletin de l'Institut francais d'Afrique noire (A) 29: 218 - 294." type="journal article" year="1967">Lamotte 1967a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA1FFF7AE79F8F1FB66F8AA" author="SCHIOTZ A." box="[1034,1161,1868,1893]" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" pagination="1 - 346" refId="ref38284" refString="SCHIOTZ A. 1967. - The treefrogs (Rhacophoridae) of West Africa. Spolia zoologica Musei haunienses 25: 1 - 346." type="journal article" year="1967">SchiØtz 1967</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA1FFF7AEE7F8F0FA67F8AA" author="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[1172,1416,1869,1893]" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" refId="ref33292" refString="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2019. - Field guide to the frogs and other amphibians of Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 408 p." type="book" year="2019">Channing &amp; Rödel 2019</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA1FFF7A958F8D5FCB0F84F" box="[811,863,1896,1920]" name="Togo" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Togo</collectingCountry>
, it is very frequent in the region of Tsévié where it was observed in the rainy season around small pools bordered by grasses. It has a nationwide distribution.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA1FFF7AE50F820FB54F87A" author="BOURGAT R." box="[1059,1211,1949,1973]" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
indicated its presence in the South as well as in the North of
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA1FFF7AEF0F80AFB57F800" box="[1155,1208,1975,1999]" name="Togo" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Togo</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA1FFF7AECCF80AFA40F800" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[1215,1455,1975,1999]" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA1FFF7AF49F805FA87F800" box="[1338,1384,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
reported the species presence in the ecological zones III, IV and II.
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA1FFF7A93FFF6AFBEDFF3D" bold="true" box="[844,1026,215,242]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Kassina schioetzi</emphasis>
Rödel, Grafe, Rudolf &amp; Ernst, 2002
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(
<figureCitation id="13632A37FFA1FFF7AE4CFF4AFB72FEDE" box="[1087,1181,247,273]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1609,1627]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1565]" captionTargetId="figure-258@22.[698,1267,754,1296]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 10. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life: A, B, Hyperolius torrentis Schiøtz, 1967: A, (Kalaré); B, (Diguengué); C, Hyperolius sylvaticus Schiøtz, 1967 (Diguengué);D, Kassina fusca Schiøtz, 1967 (Bounako); E, Kassina schioetzi RÖdel, Grafe, Rudolf &amp; Ernst, 2002 (Tsévié); F, Kassina senegalensis (Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1841) (Tsévié)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13907172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13907172/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA1FFF7AE4FFE97FB9DFE8D" box="[1084,1138,298,322]" name="Togo" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Togo</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
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,
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; Tsévié; MNHN- RA-2018.0029, MNHN-RA-2018.0030; Coll. GHS-W 2001, Coll. GHS-W 2002, Coll. GHS-W 2005.
</paragraph>
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. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA1FFF7AE4EFE37FB2DFE6D" box="[1085,1218,394,418]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA1FFF7AEAFFE34FAEBFE6B" box="[1244,1284,393,420]" count="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; Orombo Bokai; MNHN-RA-1998.2230 •
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; Kotiessou; MNHN-RA-1998.2231, MNHN-RA-1998.2232 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA1FFF7AE41FE7FFBACFE16" box="[1074,1091,450,473]" count="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
; Lamto; MNHN-RA-2018.0029.
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<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFA1FFF7A95EFE5AFC56FE31" baselines="504,506" box="[813,953,487,510]" lowerCaseFontSize="10" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
. — Small sized (SVL 29.8-36.0 mm
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA1FFF7AF21FE56FA89FDCD" box="[1362,1382,491,514]" count="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, 38.0-
<quantity id="4CA09B57FFA1FFF7A95EFDBFFC67FDD6" box="[813,904,514,538]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.84" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" unit="mm" value="38.4">38.4 mm</quantity>
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA1FFF7A9FCFDBBFC4FFDD2" box="[911,928,518,541]" count="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
), slender frog. Snout rounded. Head wider than long (HW 34-38% SVL; HL 33-40% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 7-9% SVL). Tibia short (TL 34-41% SVL). Webbing absent, phalanges all free. Generally smooth skin on back and sides, with horny spinules in the lower part of the flanks; throat, chest and belly smooth.
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. — The dorsal colouration is marked by large black spots of rounded shape outlined by white on a brown background. The flanks, loreal and tympanic region and tympanum present the same pattern, as do the dorsal part of limbs, legs and feet. The ventral part of the body is white with small black spots.
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. — Males have glandular a disc on the subgular vocal sac. Females are larger.
</paragraph>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFA1FFF7A9CFFCCFFBAFFC4C" baselines="895" box="[956,1088,882,899]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
. — First vouchered record. This species is characteristic to the Guinean Savannah in the southern part of
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA1FFF7A95EFC1FFC8DFC75" box="[813,866,930,954]" name="Togo" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Togo</collectingCountry>
. Although it is exported in the international pet trade, under the name of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA1FFF7A9DAFC01FA9BFC1B" authority="(Dumeril &amp; Bibron, 1841)" authorityName="Tsevie" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[937,1396,956,980]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Kassina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA1FFF7A9DAFC01FB8EFC1B" box="[937,1121,956,980]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Kassina senegalensis</emphasis>
(Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1841)
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, there was no official record of its presence in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA1FFF7AECEFC6AFB1DFC20" box="[1213,1266,983,1007]" name="Togo" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Togo</collectingCountry>
. So far, the species had been known from humid, densely vegetated savannahs from southwestern
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to northern Ghana.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA1FFF7AEC5FBB6FA5EFBEC" author="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[1206,1457,1035,1059]" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" refId="ref33292" refString="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2019. - Field guide to the frogs and other amphibians of Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 408 p." type="book" year="2019">Channing &amp; Rödel (2019)</bibRefCitation>
already included the Togolese record in their map.
</paragraph>
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156
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA1FFF7AB02FEEDFE4CFEA7" box="[369,419,336,360]" name="Togo" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Togo</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFA1FFF7ABC7FEEDFE9CFE4D" location="Kara" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kara">
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA1FFF7ABC7FEEDFE36FEA4" box="[436,473,336,363]" count="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="499CF850FFA1FFF7AB91FEEDFDFEFEA8" box="[482,529,336,359]" country="Togo" name="Kara" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Kara</collectingRegion>
; MNHN-RA-1998.2304, MNHN-RA-1998.2305
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.
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. —
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA1FFF7ABEFFE26FDCBFE7D" bold="true" box="[412,548,410,435]" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA1FFF7ABEFFE26FDCBFE7D" box="[412,548,410,435]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
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; Lay; MNHN- RA-1998.2309 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA1FFF7AB4EFE08FE88FE1F" box="[317,359,437,464]" count="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
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; Samba; MNHN-RA-1998.2307, MNHN-RA-1998.2308.
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. — Medium sized frog (SVL
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,
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), with elongated and robust body. Snout rounded. Head wider than long (HW 29-34% SVL; HL 27-30% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 56% SVL). Tibia very short (TL 29- 33% SVL). Webbing absent, phalanges all free. Tips of fingers and toes without discs. Skin uniformly smooth, only the lower parts of the flanks with some glandular warts; belly and chest strongly granular.
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. — Dorsal colouration with four continuous longitudinal black stripes alternating, two of which are closer to each other, parallel to the vertebral line. The whole belly is white in females. In males the throat is black.
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. — The male has a black throat with welldeveloped glandular folds on the subgular vocal sac. Females are distinctly larger than males.
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. — This species occurs in Sudanian savannah (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA1FFF7AA9CFC58FE8BFC32" author="RODEL M. - O." box="[239,356,997,1021]" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" refId="ref37146" refString="RODEL M. - O. 2000. - Herpetofauna of West Africa. Vol 1. Amphibians of theWest African savanna. ̿ rankfurt am Main, Chimaira, 335 p." type="book" year="2000">Rödel 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA1FFF7AB01FC58FE1BFC32" author="BOHME W." box="[370,500,997,1021]" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" pagination="177 - 178" refId="ref32918" refString="BOHME W. 2005. - Presence of Kassina cassinoides (Boulenger, 1903) in Senegal. Herpetozoa 18: 177 - 178." type="journal article" year="2005">Böhme 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA1FFF7A870FC58FD94FC32" author="AMIET J. - L." box="[515,635,997,1021]" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" refId="ref32388" refString="AMIET J. - L. 2012. - Les rainettes du Cameroun. Edition J. - L. Amiet, Nyons; La Nef des Livres, Saint Nazaire, 591 p." type="book" year="2012">Amiet 2012</bibRefCitation>
). We recently observed this species in Bounako and Kanté, in ecological zone II.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA1FFF7AAF7FBA7FE92FBFD" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[132,381,1050,1074]" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA1FFF7AB71FBA6FEDCFBFD" box="[258,307,1050,1074]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
reported the presence of this species in ecological zone III.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA1FFF7AB36FB88FE32FB82" author="BOURGAT R." box="[325,477,1077,1101]" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
found it in northern
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA1FFF7A8DCFB88FD0BFB82" box="[687,740,1077,1101]" name="Togo" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Togo</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA1FFF7AB5CFB29FE2FFB62" bold="true" box="[303,448,1171,1198]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Kassina fusca</emphasis>
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(
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. —
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•
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; Kanté; MNHN-RA-1998.2012.
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. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA1FFF7ABEFFA8CFDCBFA87" box="[412,548,1328,1353]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
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•
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; Lay; MNHN- RA-1998.2302 •
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; origin unknown; MNHN-RA-1998.2301.
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. — Small to medium sized frog (SVL
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), with a fairly robust and stocky body. Snout oval or rounded. Head as wide as long (HW 26-37% SVL; HL 26-34% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 4-5% SVL).Tibia short (TL 30-39% SVL). Webbing absent, phalanges all free. Skin smooth on back, flank with glandular warts; very granular chest and belly.
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. — Dorsal pattern with large brown, dark, light or white spots of irregular shape. The dorsal surfaces of the forearm, thigh and tibia have the same pattern as the back. The belly, chest and throat are white.
</paragraph>
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. — In males, the throat is black, with welldeveloped glandular disc on subgular vocal sac.
</paragraph>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFA1FFF7AA99F885FEFBF886" baselines="1861" box="[234,276,1848,1865]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">AND</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFA1FFF7AB6BF885FE4FF886" baselines="1861" box="[280,416,1848,1865]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
. — This species is mainly a Sudanian savannah species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA1FFF7AB47F8F0FE56F8AA" author="HUGHES B." box="[308,441,1869,1893]" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" pagination="29 - 38" refId="ref34770" refString="HUGHES B. 1988. - Herpetology in Ghana (West Africa). British Herpetological Society Bulletin 25: 29 - 38." type="journal article" year="1988">Hughes 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA1FFF7ABB6F8F0FD95F8AA" author="BOHME W. &amp; MEINIG H. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[453,634,1869,1893]" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" pagination="7 - 26" refId="ref32943" refString="BOHME W., MEINIG H. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 1996. - New records of amphibians and reptiles from Burkina ̿ aso and Mali. British Herpetological Society Bulletin 55: 7 - 26." type="journal article" year="1996">
Böhme
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA1FFF7A861F8F3FDAEF8AA" box="[530,577,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">et al.</emphasis>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA1FFF7A8F5F8F0FD15F8AA" author="RODEL M. - O." box="[646,762,1869,1893]" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" refId="ref37146" refString="RODEL M. - O. 2000. - Herpetofauna of West Africa. Vol 1. Amphibians of theWest African savanna. ̿ rankfurt am Main, Chimaira, 335 p." type="book" year="2000">Rödel 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Its distribution in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA1FFF7AB40F8D5FE8AF84F" box="[307,357,1896,1920]" name="Togo" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Togo</collectingCountry>
is limited to ecological zones I and II, similar to the species distribution in neighbouring
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA1FFF7A822F83FFD64F855" box="[593,651,1922,1946]" name="Benin" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Benin</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA1FFF7A8E8F83EFF57F87B" author="NAGO S. G. A. &amp; GRELL O. &amp; SINSIN B. &amp; RODEL M. - O." pageId="21" pageNumber="650" pagination="93 - 108" refId="ref36329" refString="NAGO S. G. A., GRELL O., SINSIN B. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2006. - The amphibian fauna of the Pendjari National Park and surroundings, northern Benin. Salamandra 42: 93 - 108." type="journal article" year="2006">
Nago
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA1FFF7A8ABF83EFCE7F855" box="[728,776,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
). The species was reported in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA1FFF7AB93F820FDFDF87A" box="[480,530,1949,1973]" name="Togo" pageId="21" pageNumber="650">Togo</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA1FFF7A844F820FD20F87A" author="BOURGAT R." box="[567,719,1949,1973]" pageId="21" pageNumber="650" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
from Kanté. We observed this species in Bounaka and the northern Fazao Malfakassa National Park.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

193
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. —
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•
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA2FFF4ABC2F820FE3AF877" box="[433,469,1949,1976]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="651" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; Agoté; MNHN-RA-2008.0171 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA2FFF4AAEBF80AFF2CF81D" box="[152,195,1975,2002]" count="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="651" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
; Alédjo; MNHN-RA-2008.0175-0177 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA2FFF4A8F4F80AFD5DF81D" box="[647,690,1975,2002]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="651" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; Akloa; Coll. GHS-W 0663 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA2FFF4AB1AF86FFE60F822" box="[361,399,2002,2029]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="651" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; Atakpamé; MNHN-RA-2006.2298 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA2FFF4A933F912FC84F905" box="[832,875,1711,1738]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="651" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA2FFF4A908F912FC4BF905" box="[891,932,1711,1738]" count="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="651" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
; Diguingué; Coll. GHS-W 0662, Coll. GHS-W 0665, MNHN-RA-2008.0133 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA2FFF4AEF1F974FB56F92A" box="[1154,1209,1737,1765]" count="11" pageId="22" pageNumber="651" type="male">11 ♂</specimenCount>
,
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; Dobadié; MRAC B-104378-B-104380, MRAC B-104351-B-104360 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA2FFF4AF32F959FA8BF930" box="[1345,1380,1764,1791]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="651" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
; Kloto; MNHN-RA-2006.2300 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA2FFF4AE4EF943FB87F8D5" box="[1085,1128,1790,1818]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="651" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
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; Kouma-Tokpli; MNHN- RA-2008.0172, MNHN-RA-2008.0174 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA2FFF4AE88F8A4FAC8F8FB" box="[1275,1319,1817,1844]" count="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="651" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
; Missahohé; Coll. GHS-W 0686, Coll. GHS-W 0687, Coll. GHS-W 0690 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA2FFF4A95EF8F3FCBDF8A6" box="[813,850,1870,1897]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="651" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA2FFF4A92EF8F3FC6EF8A6" box="[861,897,1870,1897]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="651" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; Oga; MNHN-RA-2008.0178, MNHN-RA-2008.0173 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA2FFF4A94CF8D5FC85F84C" box="[831,874,1896,1923]" count="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="651" type="male">6 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA2FFF4A90AF8D5FC4EF84C" box="[889,929,1896,1923]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="651" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; Yégué; Coll. GHS-W 0646, Coll. GHS-W 0649, Coll. GHS-W 0667, Coll. GHS-W 0682, Coll. GHS-W 0685, Coll. GHS-W 0688, Coll. GHS-W 0692 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA2FFF4AEADF820FAEAF877" box="[1246,1285,1949,1976]" count="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="651" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
; Yo (Agomé Yo); Coll. GHS-W 0661, Coll. GHS-W 0664 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA2FFF4AEAAF80AFB10F81C" box="[1241,1279,1975,2003]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="651" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; Kovié; MNHN- RA-2006.2299.
</paragraph>
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. — Very small frog (SVL
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, 22.0-
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), with relatively compact body. Snout pointed, slightly protruding. Head hardly longer than broad (HW 30-39% SVL; HL 34-44% SVL).Tympanum distinct (TYD 4-9% SVL). Eyelids with suprapalpebral cornicle. Hind leg rather long (TL 46-62% SVL). Webbing absent, all phalanges free. Skin shagreen on snout and in interorbital space, smooth on sides of head; anterior and posterior parts of the back as well as the flanks with numerous very prominent glands; supratympanic fold indistinct; dorsal part of the forearm, tarsus and tibia shagreen, dorsal part of the thigh bearing glands; throat, chest, belly and ventral surface of the thigh smooth.
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. — The dorsal colouration is brown, olive or black, sometimes with a light or red mid-dorsal line. The flanks have the same colouration as the back. The dorsal part of the forearm, tarsus, tibia and thigh is brown with darker transverse bands. The chest and belly are white and finely spotted with small black spots.
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. — The adult males are smaller than females. Males have a strongly pleated subgular vocal sac, black in colour.
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. —
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA3FFF5ABB6FD4EFD52FCC4" box="[453,701,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">Phrynobatrachus calcaratus</emphasis>
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is a forest species, occurring as well in forests of the humid savannah zone (
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). It lives in leaf litter, often quite far from water bodies. The specimens examined were collected in ecological zones II and IV. The northernmost record of the species in
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is in the Alédjo forest. The species has been reported in
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by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA3FFF5A865FCC5FD43FC5F" author="BOURGAT R." box="[534,684,888,912]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA3FFF5A8CAFCC5FF14FC65" author="BOURGAT R. &amp; ROURE C. &amp; KULO S. - D." pageId="23" pageNumber="652" pagination="383 - 394" refId="ref33108" refString="BOURGAT R., ROURE C. &amp; KULO S. - D. 1996. - Nouvelles donnees sur les Trematodes d'amphibiens d'Afrique occidentale. Description d' Haematoloechus aubrae n. sp. Revue suisse de Zoologie 103 (2): 383 - 394. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79953" type="journal article" year="1996">
Bourgat
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA3FFF5AAF7FC2EFF5CFC65" box="[132,179,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">et al.</emphasis>
(1996)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA3FFF5AB74FC2FFE18FC65" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; BOWESSIDJAOU J. E. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A." box="[263,503,914,938]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref38374" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., BOWESSIDJAOU J. E., DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A. 2007. - Les Amphibiens du Togo: etat actuel des connaissances. Alytes 24 (1 - 4): 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2007">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA3FFF5ABF2FC2EFE5FFC65" box="[385,432,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA3FFF5A85DFC2FFD04FC65" author="HILLERS A. &amp; BOATENG C. O. &amp; SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[558,747,914,938]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref34638" refString="HILLERS A., BOATENG C. O., SEGNIAGBETO G. H., AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2009. - The amphibians in the forests of southern Ghana and western Togo. Zoosystematics and Evolution 85 (1): 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / zoos. 200800019" type="journal article" year="2009">
Hillers
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA3FFF5A806FC2EFD4BFC65" box="[629,676,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA3FFF5A91AFE4BFB78FDDE" bold="true" box="[873,1175,502,529]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">Phrynobatrachus gutturosus</emphasis>
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(
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. —
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•
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; Diguengue; ZMB 77916.
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA3FFF5AE35FD3DFB20FD57" box="[1094,1231,640,664]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
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•
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,
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; Lamto; MNHN-RA-1993.7962, MNHN-RA-2000.3671, MNHN- RA-2000.3672, MNHN-RA-2000.5361, MNHN-RA-2000.5581, MNHN-RA-1979.5693-5695, MNHN-RA-1979.5697, MN- HN-RA-1979.5698, MNHN-RA-1993.7960, MNHN- RA-1993.7967, MNHN-RA-2000.5358, MNHN-RA-2000.5578, MNHN-RA-2000.5579.
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA3FFF5A95EFC84FC97FC9E" box="[813,888,825,849]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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•
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,
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; Nimba; MNHN-RA-1952.0144-A-144-E, MNHN-RA-1970.0101, MNHN-RA-1970.0104, MNHN- RA-1970.0105, MNHN-RA-1970.0108
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.
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. — Small (SVL
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,
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), slender species. Snout pointed, protruding beyond mouth slit. Head very small, longer than broad (HW 27-34% SVL; HL 34- 42%
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). Tympanum indistinct. Tibia short (TL 48-56%
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). Webbing absent or rudimentary, all phalanges free. Upper snout, loreal region and interorbital space smooth; back with flat glandular warts; flanks smooth; dorsal side of forearm, tarsus, tibia and thigh smooth; ventral and posterior part of thighs smooth; throat, chest, and belly in females and juveniles smooth.
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. — The dorsal colouration is brown with darker dorsal warts. The flanks, the loreal and tympanic regions are brown with some dark spots. The dorsal parts of the forearm, tarsus, tibia and thigh shows light brown transverse bars. The back of the thigh has light brown longitudinal bands. The chest, belly, ventral thigh and palm are whitish.
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. — The males are smaller than females and have a black throat and a subgular vocal sac with glandular folds, bordered laterally by longitudinal folds.
</paragraph>
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. —
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA3FFF5AEF1FA05FA68FA1F" authorityName="Assoukoko" baseAuthorityName="Chabanaud" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[1154,1415,1464,1488]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA3FFF5AEF1FA05FA68FA1F" box="[1154,1415,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">Phrynobatrachus gutturosus</emphasis>
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has forest and savannah populations, especially in gallery forests (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA3FFF5AF04FA6EFC8EF9CA" author="RODEL M. - O." pageId="23" pageNumber="652" refId="ref37146" refString="RODEL M. - O. 2000. - Herpetofauna of West Africa. Vol 1. Amphibians of theWest African savanna. ̿ rankfurt am Main, Chimaira, 335 p." type="book" year="2000">Rödel 2000</bibRefCitation>
), and consists of a complex of cryptic species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA3FFF5AF5EFA50FC8EF9EF" author="ZIMKUS B. M. &amp; RODEL M. - O. &amp; HILLERS A." pageId="23" pageNumber="652" pagination="883 - 900" refId="ref39420" refString="ZIMKUS B. M., RODEL M. - O. &amp; HILLERS A. 2010. - Complex patterns of continental speciation: molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of sub-Saharan puddle frogs (Phrynobatrachus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55 (3): 883 - 900. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.12.012" type="journal article" year="2010">
Zimkus
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA3FFF5AFF3FA53FA5FF9CA" box="[1408,1456,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA3FFF5A901F9B5FBE8F9EF" author="BOURGAT R." box="[882,1031,1544,1568]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
reported the presence of the species in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA3FFF5AF0BF9B5FA42F9EF" box="[1400,1453,1544,1568]" name="Togo" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">Togo</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA3FFF5A958F99FFBF1F9F5" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; BOWESSIDJAOU J. E. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A." box="[811,1054,1570,1594]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref38374" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., BOWESSIDJAOU J. E., DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A. 2007. - Les Amphibiens du Togo: etat actuel des connaissances. Alytes 24 (1 - 4): 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2007">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA3FFF5A9DBF99EFC39F9F5" box="[936,982,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
could not examine Togolese
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA3FFF5AF45F99EFA46F9F5" authorityName="Assoukoko" baseAuthorityName="Chabanaud" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[1334,1449,1571,1594]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA3FFF5AF45F99EFA46F9F5" box="[1334,1449,1571,1594]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">P. gutturosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A presumed record, MNHN-RA-2000.3684-3687, collected in Kloto and registered under the name
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA3FFF5AEE0F9E5FAE9F9A0" authorityName="Assoukoko" baseAuthorityName="Chabanaud" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[1171,1286,1624,1647]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA3FFF5AEE0F9E5FAE9F9A0" box="[1171,1286,1624,1647]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">P. gutturosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in fact proved to be a
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA3FFF5A924F9CFFC57F946" authorityName="Akloa" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[855,952,1649,1673]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA3FFF5A924F9CFFC57F946" box="[855,952,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">P. latifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Further work is needed to establish the distribution of the species in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA3FFF5A9BEF931FBEDF96B" box="[973,1026,1676,1700]" name="Togo" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">Togo</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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218
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Boulenger, 1912
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(
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. —
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•
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; Kanté; MNHN- RA-1994.4457-4459 •
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,
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; Tsévié; MNHN-RA-1997.2518-2526 •
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; Aou Losso; MNHN-RA-2008.0200, MNHN-RA-2008.0201 •
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; Atakpamé; MNHN-RA-1994.4465-4467.
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. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA3FFF5ABEDFB71FDC8FB2B" box="[414,551,1228,1252]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
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,
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; Lamto; MRCA-B-104928-B-104930, B-104936-B-104937, MNHN- RA-1993.3605-3620.
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<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFA3FFF5AAF7FAA1FEE3FA83" country="Sierra Leone" location="Sierra Leone" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1">
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA3FFF5AAF7FAA1FF12FAFD" box="[132,253,1306,1332]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA3FFF5AB7CFAA7FEDBFAFA" box="[271,308,1306,1333]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
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; Kassewe; MNHN-RA-1995.878, MNHN- RA-1995.880
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.
</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFA3FFF5AAF7FAF2FD4EFAA8" box="[132,673,1359,1386]" country="Chad" location="Tchad" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="3">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA3FFF5AAF7FAF2FF2BFAA8" bold="true" box="[132,196,1359,1383]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA3FFF5AAF7FAF2FF2BFAA8" box="[132,196,1359,1383]" name="Chad" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">Tchad</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA3FFF5AAA8FAF2FEEDFAA5" box="[219,258,1359,1386]" count="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
,
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; Léré; MNHN-RA-1993.4284-4291
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.
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. — Small frog (SVL 15.0-23.0 mm
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA3FFF5A830FA3FFDB8FA56" box="[579,599,1410,1433]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CA09B57FFA3FFF5A813FAC3FD0AFA5A" box="[608,741,1406,1430]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.335" metricValueMax="2.75" metricValueMin="1.92" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" unit="mm" value="23.35" valueMax="27.5" valueMin="19.2">19.2-27.5 mm</quantity>
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA3FFF5A89AFA3FFD15FA56" box="[745,762,1410,1433]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
), with a more or less stocky body. Snout short, pointed, slightly exceeding mouth slit. Head longer than broad (HW 27-37% SVL; HL 27-44%
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFA3FFF5AB76FA70FEDAFA2A" box="[261,309,1485,1509]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">SVL</collectionCode>
). Tympanum reduced (TYD 5-9%
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). Tibia rather long (TL 39-60%
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFA3FFF5AB01FA55FE4DF9CF" box="[370,418,1512,1536]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">SVL</collectionCode>
). Webbing small with three phalanges free; webbing formula: I 1 – 2
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFA3FFF5ABC6F9BEFE29F9D5" box="[437,454,1539,1562]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">II</collectionCode>
1 – 3
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFA3FFF5A87AF9BEFDCCF9D5" box="[521,547,1539,1562]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">III</collectionCode>
2 – 3
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFA3FFF5A815F9BEFD6FF9D5" box="[614,640,1539,1562]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">IV</collectionCode>
3 – 2 V. Upper snout smooth, rough interorbital space and loreal region, back with very prominent warts, flanks with small glandular warts; distinct supratympanic fold; dorsal side of forearm, tarsus and shank shagreen, that of the thigh with small glandular warts; ventral and posterior sides of thigh shagreen; throat, chest and belly smooth.
</paragraph>
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. — The general colouration of the back is brown (dark brown when stored in alcohol). In some specimens, the back has dark, light, irregularly shaped spots, especially on the varicosities. The dorsal parts of forearm, tarsus, tibia and thigh has dark and light transverse bars. The back of the thigh has light brown longitudinal bands. The chest, belly and underside of the thigh are whitish. The throat is white with some brown spots in some females and juveniles.
</paragraph>
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. — The males are smaller than the females and have a subgular vocal sac marked by grooves or longitudinal gular folds; their skin more heavily pigmented than in the females, resulting in a dark or black colouration.
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<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFA3FFF5A95EFF65FA5FFE66" blockId="23.[811,1457,215,425]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">
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. —
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA3FFF5AE1FFF6AFABAFF3F" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1912" box="[1132,1365,215,240]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="francisci">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA3FFF5AE1FFF6AFABAFF3F" box="[1132,1365,215,240]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">Phrynobatrachus francisci</emphasis>
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is mainly a savannah species and rarely occurs in degraded forest areas. It is usually found near ponds, swamps and small rivers in savannah during the rainy season.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA3FFF5AE6DFE9AFACCFEF0" author="LAMOTTE M. &amp; XAVIER F." box="[1054,1315,295,319]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" pagination="333 - 361" refId="ref35957" refString="LAMOTTE M. &amp; XAVIER F. 1966 a. - Phrynobatrachus natalensis (Smith) et Phrynobatrachus francisci (Boulenger): deux especes de l'Ouest Africain difficiles a distinguer. Bulletin de l'Institut francais d'Afrique noire (A) 28 (1): 333 - 361." type="journal article" year="1966">Lamotte &amp; Xavier (1966a)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that the species is more terrestrial than the more aquatic
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA3FFF5AF6BFEFFFC85FEBB" authority="(Ahl, 1924)" authorityName="Akloa" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA3FFF5AF6BFEFFFA96FE96" box="[1304,1401,321,345]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">P. latifrons</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA3FFF5AFF6FEFCFC8CFEBB" author="AHL E." pageId="23" pageNumber="652" pagination="245 - 254" refId="ref32126" refString="AHL E. 1924. - Neue Reptilien und Batrachier aus dem Zoologischen Museum Berlin. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (A) 90: 245 - 254." type="journal article" year="1924">Ahl, 1924</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA3FFF5A9F8FEE1FC50FEBB" box="[907,959,348,372]" name="Togo" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">Togo</collectingCountry>
, it was reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA3FFF5AE05FEE1FAE4FEBB" author="BOURGAT R." box="[1142,1291,348,372]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA3FFF5AF4AFEE1FC73FE41" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; BOWESSIDJAOU J. E. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A." pageId="23" pageNumber="652" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref38374" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., BOWESSIDJAOU J. E., DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A. 2007. - Les Amphibiens du Togo: etat actuel des connaissances. Alytes 24 (1 - 4): 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2007">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA3FFF5A95EFECAFCB7FE41" box="[813,856,374,398]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
. The distribution of the species as reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA3FFF5AF34FECAFC52FE66" author="LAMOTTE M. &amp; XAVIER F." pageId="23" pageNumber="652" pagination="333 - 361" refId="ref35957" refString="LAMOTTE M. &amp; XAVIER F. 1966 a. - Phrynobatrachus natalensis (Smith) et Phrynobatrachus francisci (Boulenger): deux especes de l'Ouest Africain difficiles a distinguer. Bulletin de l'Institut francais d'Afrique noire (A) 28 (1): 333 - 361." type="journal article" year="1966">Lamotte &amp; Xavier (1966a)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA3FFF5A99EFE2CFB80FE66" author="RODEL M. - O." box="[1005,1135,401,425]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" refId="ref37146" refString="RODEL M. - O. 2000. - Herpetofauna of West Africa. Vol 1. Amphibians of theWest African savanna. ̿ rankfurt am Main, Chimaira, 335 p." type="book" year="2000">Rödel (2000)</bibRefCitation>
extends from
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA3FFF5AE8BFE2CFAAEFE66" box="[1272,1345,401,425]" name="Senegal" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">Senegal</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA3FFF5AF12FE2CFA42FE66" box="[1377,1453,401,425]" name="Nigeria" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

254
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<mods:classification id="9A933A496946EF9CBD71653999F26364">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="702FE05453A36B35F906AD218F2E6258" type="DOI">10.5252/zoosystema2024v46a25</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F187A4FFA3FFFBA9EDF94CFDEFFAB4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFA3FFFBA9EDF94CFDEFFAB4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F187A4FFA3FFFBA9EDF94CFDEFFAB4" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="654" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFA3FFF5A9EDF94CFAD2F8C3" box="[926,1341,1777,1804]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFA3FFF5A9EDF94CFAD2F8C3" blockId="23.[926,1341,1777,1836]" box="[926,1341,1777,1804]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">
<heading id="D0AF81DEFFA3FFF5A9EDF94CFAD2F8C3" box="[926,1341,1777,1804]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA3FFF5A9EDF94CFAD2F8C3" ID-CoL="4GW9P" authority="(Ahl, 1924)" authorityName="Akloa" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[926,1341,1777,1804]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA3FFF5A9EDF94CFB58F8C3" bold="true" box="[926,1207,1777,1804]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">Phrynobatrachus latifrons</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA3FFF5AEB5F94FFADAF8C3" author="AHL E." box="[1222,1333,1778,1804]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" pagination="245 - 254" refId="ref32126" refString="AHL E. 1924. - Neue Reptilien und Batrachier aus dem Zoologischen Museum Berlin. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (A) 90: 245 - 254." type="journal article" year="1924">Ahl, 1924</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFA3FFF5AE44F8AFFB49F8E3" box="[1079,1190,1810,1836]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFA3FFF5AE44F8AFFB49F8E3" blockId="23.[926,1341,1777,1836]" box="[1079,1190,1810,1836]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">
(
<figureCitation id="13632A37FFA3FFF5AE4DF8AFFB73F8E3" box="[1086,1180,1810,1836]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-79@24.[698,1267,766,1320]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 11. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life: A, Phrynobatrachus calcaratus (Peters, 1863) (Kalaré); B, Phrynobatrachus francisci Boulenger, 1912 (Mango); C, Phrynobatrachus gutturosus (Chabanaud, 1921) (Assoukoko); D, Phrynobatrachus latifrons (Ahl, 1924) (Akloa); E, Phrynobatrachus natalensis (Smith, 1849) (Koui); F, Phrynobatrachus plicatus (Günther, 1859) (Assoukoko)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13907178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13907178/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFA3FFFBA95EF8F6FDF5FDB9" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="654" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFA3FFFBA95EF8F6FEB6FE0D" blockId="23.[813,1456,1867,2026]" lastBlockId="25.[132,775,215,450]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="654" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFA3FFF5A9D3F8EDFBE5F8AE" baselines="1885" box="[928,1034,1872,1889]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="examined" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
. —
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA3FFF5AE4EF8F6FB9CF8AC" bold="true" box="[1085,1139,1867,1891]" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA3FFF5AE4EF8F6FB9CF8AC" box="[1085,1139,1867,1891]" name="Togo" pageId="23" pageNumber="652">Togo</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA3FFF5AEFCF8F6FB56F8A9" box="[1167,1209,1867,1894]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA3FFF5AEB9F8F6FB1DF8A9" box="[1226,1266,1867,1894]" count="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
; Agoté; MNHN- RA-2008.0188, MNHN-RA-2008.0191, MNHN-RA-2008.0195 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA3FFF5A94DF83DFC88F854" box="[830,871,1920,1947]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; Kouma-Tokpli; MNHN-RA-2008.0192 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA3FFF5AF6DF83DFAA8F854" box="[1310,1351,1920,1947]" count="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA3FFF5AF26F83DFA94F854" box="[1365,1403,1920,1947]" count="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
; Kovié; MNHN-RA-1979.6864, MNHN-RA-1979.7267, MNHN- RA-1979.7313, MNHN-RA-1979.7347, MNHN-RA-1979.7288, MNHN-RA-1979.8286 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA3FFF5AE53F872FBABF825" box="[1056,1092,1999,2026]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="652" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; Niamtougou; MNHN-RA-1979.6877 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBAAEAFF6AFF2AFF3D" box="[153,197,215,242]" count="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="male">5 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBAAABFF6AFEEDFF3D" box="[216,258,215,242]" count="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="female">8 ♀</specimenCount>
; Oga; MNHN-RA-2008.0180-0187, MNHN- RA-2008.0190, MNHN-RA-2008.0193, MNHN-RA-2008.0194, MNHN-RA-2008.0196 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBABE3FEB1FE58FEE8" box="[400,439,268,295]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; Alédjo; MNHN-RA-2008.0179 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBAAEAFE9BFF2BFE8D" box="[153,196,294,322]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; Aou Losso; MNHN-RA-2008.0199 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBA80CFE9BFD47FE8D" box="[639,680,294,322]" count="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
; Badou; MNHN-RA-1979.7212, MNHN-RA-1979.7294 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBA8A1FEFCFD10FE93" box="[722,767,321,348]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; Gadjagan; MNHN-RA-2008.0189 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBA86FFEE6FDA9FEB9" box="[540,582,347,374]" count="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="female">9 ♀</specimenCount>
; Kloto; MNHN- RA-1979.6878, MNHN-RA-1979.6885, MNHN-RA-1979.6957, MNHN-RA-1979.6975, MNHN-RA-1979.7355, MNHN- RA-2000.3684-3687.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF27663AFFACFFFAAAF7F817FCFFF826" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13907178" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13907178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13907178/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="653" startId="24.[132,143,1962,1980]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1872]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
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. 11. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life:
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFACFFFAA8EBF817FD4AF873" bold="true" box="[664,677,1962,1980]" pageId="24" pageNumber="653">A</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFACFFFAA8C3F817FBB6F873" authority="(Peters, 1863) (Kalare)" authorityName="Kalare" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[688,1113,1962,1980]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="24" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcaratus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFACFFFAA8C3F817FC77F873" box="[688,920,1962,1980]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="653">Phrynobatrachus calcaratus</emphasis>
(Peters, 1863) (Kalaré)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFACFFFAAE13F817FB82F873" bold="true" box="[1120,1133,1962,1980]" pageId="24" pageNumber="653">B</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFACFFFAAE0BF817FF41F81C" authority="Boulenger, 1912" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1912" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="24" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="francisci">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFACFFFAAE0BF817FABFF873" box="[1144,1360,1962,1980]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="653">Phrynobatrachus francisci</emphasis>
Boulenger, 1912
</taxonomicName>
(Mango);
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFACFFFAAB71F87DFEFFF81D" bold="true" box="[258,272,1984,2002]" pageId="24" pageNumber="653">C</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFACFFFAAB69F87CFCF7F81C" authority="(Chabanaud, 1921) (Assoukoko)" authorityName="Assoukoko" baseAuthorityName="Chabanaud" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[282,792,1984,2003]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="24" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gutturosus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFACFFFAAB69F87CFDEAF81C" box="[282,517,1985,2003]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="653">Phrynobatrachus gutturosus</emphasis>
(Chabanaud, 1921) (Assoukoko)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFACFFFAA953F87CFCC1F81C" bold="true" box="[800,814,1985,2003]" pageId="24" pageNumber="653">D</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFACFFFAA94AF87CFB43F81C" authority="(Ahl, 1924) (Akloa)" authorityName="Akloa" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[825,1196,1985,2003]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="24" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latifrons">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFACFFFAA94AF87CFBE3F81C" box="[825,1036,1985,2003]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="653">Phrynobatrachus latifrons</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFACFFFAAE64F87CFB89F81C" author="AHL E." box="[1047,1126,1985,2003]" pageId="24" pageNumber="653" pagination="245 - 254" refId="ref32126" refString="AHL E. 1924. - Neue Reptilien und Batrachier aus dem Zoologischen Museum Berlin. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (A) 90: 245 - 254." type="journal article" year="1924">Ahl, 1924</bibRefCitation>
) (Akloa)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFACFFFAAEC0F87CFB50F81C" bold="true" box="[1203,1215,1985,2003]" pageId="24" pageNumber="653">E</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFACFFFAAEB9F87CFEC5F826" authority="(Smith, 1849) (Koui)" authorityName="Koui" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="24" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFACFFFAAEB9F87CFA40F81C" box="[1226,1455,1985,2003]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="653">Phrynobatrachus natalensis</emphasis>
(Smith, 1849) (Koui)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFACFFFAAB42F86AFED3F826" bold="true" box="[305,316,2007,2025]" pageId="24" pageNumber="653">F</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFACFFFAAB34F86AFCE3F826" authority="(Gunther, 1859) (Assoukoko)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[327,780,2007,2025]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="24" pageNumber="653" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plicatus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFACFFFAAB34F86AFDF6F826" box="[327,537,2007,2025]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="653">Phrynobatrachus plicatus</emphasis>
(Günther, 1859) (Assoukoko)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFADFFFBAAF7FE67FDF5FDB9" blockId="25.[130,775,474,631]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFADFFFBAB7CFE5DFE9DFE3E" baselines="493" box="[271,370,480,497]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="material" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
. —
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFADFFFBABD7FE61FDDFFE3B" bold="true" box="[420,560,476,500]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFADFFFBABD7FE61FDDFFE3B" box="[420,560,476,500]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBA83FFE67FD9AFE3A" box="[588,629,474,501]" count="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBA8F5FE67FD41FE3A" box="[646,686,474,501]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; Kotiessou; MNHN-RA-1989.4886, MNHN-RA-1989.4887, MNHN- RA-1989.4889, MNHN-RA-1989.4892, MNHN-RA-1989.4895 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBAAF1FD97FF46FD8A" box="[130,169,554,581]" count="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBAAC0FD97FF3BFD8A" box="[179,212,554,581]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; Lamto; MNHN-RA-1989.4905, MNHN-RA-1989.4909, MNHN-RA-1989.4912-4914 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBAB99FDF9FDFBFD90" box="[490,532,580,607]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; Tommodé; MNHN- RA-1993.4141, MNHN-RA-1993.4142.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFADFFFBAAF7FD32FDEFFAB4" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFADFFFBAAF7FD32FCE6FC06" blockId="25.[130,777,654,969]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
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. — Slender small sized frog (SVL 15.3-20.0 mm
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBA89FFD2FFCEFFD66" box="[748,768,658,681]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CA09B57FFADFFFBAAF7FD14FEE1FD0F" box="[132,270,681,705]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.28" metricValueMax="2.73" metricValueMin="1.83" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" unit="mm" value="22.8" valueMax="27.3" valueMin="18.3">18.3-27.3 mm</quantity>
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBAB61FD10FECCFD0B" box="[274,291,685,708]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
). Snout pointed, slightly protruding beyond mouth slit. Head longer than broad (HW 26-35% SVL; HL 32-45% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 4-9% SVL). Hind leg moderately long (TL 45-56% SVL). Webbing moderate with some phalanges free; webbing formula: I ½ – 1 II 0 – 1 III ½ – 2 IV 2 – ½ V. Tips of fingers and toes pointed. Skin smooth on snout, slightly shaggy or granular in orbital space of most specimens; back and flanks with glandular warts of varying size; distinct supratympanic fold; dorsal surfaces of forearm, tarsus, tibia and thigh smooth or with small, often rounded glandular warts; throat, chest and belly smooth or with transversal folds on the belly; ventral surface of thighs granular.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFADFFFBAAF7FC5CFDEFFBAD" blockId="25.[131,775,993,1122]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
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. — The dorsal colouration is variable: brown, dark brown or black-brown, beige or grayish uniform, or sometimes with green spots. Red, green or yellow vertebral bands and lines may be present. The dorsal face of forearm, thigh and tibia is crossed with light and dark brown transverse bands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFADFFFBAAF7FBC7FDB3FB08" blockId="25.[130,776,1146,1223]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFADFFFBAAF7FBC7FF25FB5E" baselines="1164,1165" box="[132,202,1146,1170]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Sexual" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">SEXUAL</smallCapsWord>
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. — The adult males are smaller than the females. Males have a bright yellow subgular vocal sac with hardly distinct folds and prominent nuptial pads on first finger.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFADFFFBAAF7FB62FDEFFAB4" blockId="25.[130,775,1247,1403]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
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. — This species occurs in all ecosystems and ecological zones throughout the country. It was described in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFADFFFBAAF5FAA9FF57FAE3" box="[134,184,1300,1324]" name="Togo" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">Togo</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFADFFFBAAAFFAA9FEA7FAE3" author="AHL E." box="[220,328,1300,1324]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" pagination="245 - 254" refId="ref32126" refString="AHL E. 1924. - Neue Reptilien und Batrachier aus dem Zoologischen Museum Berlin. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (A) 90: 245 - 254." type="journal article" year="1924">Ahl (1924)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFADFFFBAB1BFAA9FD42FAE4" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1924" box="[360,685,1300,1324]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="latifrons" subSpecies="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFADFFFBAB1BFAA9FD42FAE4" box="[360,685,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">Phrynobatrachus latifrons togoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFADFFFBA8CBFAA9FF28FA89" author="BOURGAT R." pageId="25" pageNumber="654" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFADFFFBAAA6FA93FE29FA89" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; BOWESSIDJAOU J. E. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A." box="[213,454,1326,1350]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref38374" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., BOWESSIDJAOU J. E., DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A. 2007. - Les Amphibiens du Togo: etat actuel des connaissances. Alytes 24 (1 - 4): 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2007">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFADFFFBAB20FA92FE6BFA89" box="[339,388,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">et al.</emphasis>
(2007
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFADFFFBABA7FA93FDE7FA89" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[468,520,1326,1350]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFADFFFBA830FA93FCE8FA89" author="HILLERS A. &amp; BOATENG C. O. &amp; SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[579,775,1326,1350]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref34638" refString="HILLERS A., BOATENG C. O., SEGNIAGBETO G. H., AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2009. - The amphibians in the forests of southern Ghana and western Togo. Zoosystematics and Evolution 85 (1): 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / zoos. 200800019" type="journal article" year="2009">
Hillers
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFADFFFBA8FFFA92FD52FA89" box="[652,701,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
have reported the presence of this species in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFADFFFBA847FAF4FD89FAAE" box="[564,614,1353,1377]" name="Togo" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">Togo</collectingCountry>
under the name
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFADFFFBAAF7FADEFE12FAB4" authority="(Ahl, 1925)" baseAuthorityName="Ahl" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[132,509,1379,1403]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="accraensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFADFFFBAAF7FADEFE6FFAB4" box="[132,384,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">Phrynobatrachus accraensis</emphasis>
(Ahl, 1925)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA4FFF2AACBFAEEFDE8FAA1" bold="true" box="[184,519,1363,1390]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">Hyperolius fusciventris burtoni</emphasis>
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)
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. —
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•
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,
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; Agoé; Coll. GHS-W 0151-0154, Coll. GHS-W 0364-0366, Coll. GHS-W 0373-0380 •
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,
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; Toglékopé; MNHN-RA-2006.2541-2547, MNHN- RA-2006.2549-2552 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA4FFF2AB1AFA40FE7FF9D7" box="[361,400,1533,1560]" count="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="645" type="male">5 ♂</specimenCount>
,
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; MNHN-RA-1994.4499-4501 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA4FFF2AAF7F9A5FF47F9FC" box="[132,168,1560,1587]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="645" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; Kleine Popo (currently Aného); ZMB 36104 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA4FFF2A80EF9A5FD4EF9FC" box="[637,673,1560,1587]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="645" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; Kpalimé; MNHN-RA-2006.2548.
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. — Small frog (SVL 18.4-21.0 mm
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA4FFF2A830F9DAFDB8F9B1" box="[579,599,1639,1662]" count="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="645" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, 22.5-30.0 mm
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), more or less robust body. Snout rounded. Head slightly longer than wide (HW 26-35% SVL; HL 30-41% SVL). A barely distinct tympanum covered by skin (TYD
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). Hind legs moderately long (TL 36-53% SVL). Webbing large, leaving one phalange free; webbing formula: I ½ – 2 II ½ – 1 III ½ – 1 IV 1 – ½ V. Skin evenly smooth throughout the dorsal part and flanks of the animal; belly and chest granular.
</paragraph>
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. — The colouration of living animals varies from yellowish, green to dark green on the dorsal part of the body, limited by white or yellow strips on the flanks in some specimens (mainly females). The ventral side is white, with black spots from the chest to the vent in females. The underside of the thighs, legs and tarsi are red and black. The web is red and the tip of toes and fingers are yellow.
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. — Males have a subgular vocal sac with a round greenish gland.Females are distinctly larger. Both sexes differ from each other in colour.
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. — According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA4FFF2AE9DFA03FA6DFA1A" author="LAURENT R. F." box="[1262,1410,1469,1493]" pageId="16" pageNumber="645" pagination="65 - 96" refId="ref36093" refString="LAURENT R. F. 1961. - Notes sur les Hyperolius et quelques Afrixalus (Salientia) du Musee de Berlin. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 64: 65 - 96." type="journal article" year="1961">Laurent (1961)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA4FFF2AFF8FA03FC31FA3F" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1876" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="645" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusciventris">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA4FFF2AFF8FA03FC31FA3F" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">Hyperolius fusciventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA4FFF2AE05FA65FB48FA3F" box="[1142,1191,1496,1520]" name="Togo" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">Togo</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA4FFF2AEBBFA65FADEFA3F" author="AHL E." box="[1224,1329,1496,1520]" pageId="16" pageNumber="645" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref32180" refString="AHL E. 1931. - Zur Systematik der afrikanischen Arten der Baumfroschgattung Hyperolius (Amph. Anur.). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17 (6): 1 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19310170604" type="journal article" year="1931">Ahl (1931)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA4FFF2AF3EFA65FC36F9C5" authority="Ahl, 1931" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1931" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="645" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rosaceus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA4FFF2AF3EFA65FC9AF9C5" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">Hyperolius rosaceus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA4FFF2A90AFA4FFC36F9C5" author="AHL E." box="[889,985,1522,1546]" pageId="16" pageNumber="645" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref32180" refString="AHL E. 1931. - Zur Systematik der afrikanischen Arten der Baumfroschgattung Hyperolius (Amph. Anur.). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17 (6): 1 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19310170604" type="journal article" year="1931">Ahl, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Anhéo, Lacs Prefecture (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA4FFF2AE8BFA4FFA4DF9C5" author="TILLACK F. &amp; DE RUITER R. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[1272,1442,1522,1546]" pageId="16" pageNumber="645" pagination="407 - 450" refId="ref38888" refString="TILLACK F., DE RUITER R. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2021. - A type catalogue of the reed frogs (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae) in the collection of the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin (ZMB) with comments on historical collectors and expeditions. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2): 407 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zse. 97.68000" type="journal article" year="2021">
Tillack
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA4FFF2AF4DFA4EFA84F9C5" box="[1342,1387,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA4FFF2A95EF9B6FC55F9EA" author="SCHIOTZ A." box="[813,954,1547,1573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="645" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref38259" refString="SCHIOTZ A. 1963. - The amphibians of Nigeria. Videnskabelige meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske forening i Kjobenhavn 125: 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1963">SchiØtz (1963)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA4FFF2A9B0F9B0FBB8F9EA" author="BOURGAT R." box="[963,1111,1549,1573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="645" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA4FFF2AE12F9B0FB0FF9EA" author="RODEL M. - O." box="[1121,1248,1549,1573]" pageId="16" pageNumber="645" refId="ref37146" refString="RODEL M. - O. 2000. - Herpetofauna of West Africa. Vol 1. Amphibians of theWest African savanna. ̿ rankfurt am Main, Chimaira, 335 p." type="book" year="2000">Rödel (2000)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA4FFF2AF7FF9B0FC80F9F0" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; BOWESSIDJAOU J. E. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A." pageId="16" pageNumber="645" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref38374" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., BOWESSIDJAOU J. E., DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A. 2007. - Les Amphibiens du Togo: etat actuel des connaissances. Alytes 24 (1 - 4): 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2007">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA4FFF2AFF7F9B0FA5FF9EA" box="[1412,1456,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
also reported the presence of this species in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA4FFF2AF6EF995FABDF98F" box="[1309,1362,1576,1600]" name="Togo" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">Togo</collectingCountry>
. It is very common in wetlands in southern
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA4FFF2AEF3F9FFFB5AF995" box="[1152,1205,1602,1626]" name="Togo" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">Togo</collectingCountry>
, particularly in the rivers and ponds around Lomé (Toglékopé, Djagblé, Amédéhoévé and the swampy areas around Lake
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA4FFF2AE41F9CAFB87F940" box="[1074,1128,1655,1679]" name="Togo" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">Togo</collectingCountry>
). The northernmost record of this species in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA4FFF2A9FCF92CFC2EF966" box="[911,961,1681,1705]" name="Togo" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">Togo</collectingCountry>
is on a river next to Yo (Agome Yo) at the bottom of Missahohé Mountain.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFA4FFF2A95EF95EFAC7F826" blockId="16.[812,1457,1761,2025]" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">
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. — According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA4FFF2AEDBF95CFAAFF935" author="SCHIOTZ A." box="[1192,1344,1761,1786]" pageId="16" pageNumber="645" pagination="1 - 346" refId="ref38284" refString="SCHIOTZ A. 1967. - The treefrogs (Rhacophoridae) of West Africa. Spolia zoologica Musei haunienses 25: 1 - 346." type="journal article" year="1967">SchiØtz (1967)</bibRefCitation>
, the taxon
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA4FFF2A95DF940FB6CF8DA" authority="Peters, 1876" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1876" box="[814,1155,1789,1813]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="645" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusciventris">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA4FFF2A95DF940FBEDF8DA" box="[814,1026,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">Hyperolius fusciventris</emphasis>
Peters, 1876
</taxonomicName>
includes three subspecies:
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA4FFF2AFFEF943FB0EF8E0" authority="Peters, 1876" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1876" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="645" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fusciventris" subSpecies="fusciventris">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA4FFF2AFFEF943FBB5F8E0" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">Hyperolius fusciventris fusciventris</emphasis>
Peters, 1876
</taxonomicName>
, present from
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA4FFF2AF05F8AAFC85F886" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA4FFF2A9FDF88FFBFCF885" box="[910,1043,1842,1866]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA4FFF2AE6DF88FFC8FF8AB" authority="SchiOtz, 1965" authorityName="SchiOtz" authorityYear="1965" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="645" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fusciventris" subSpecies="lamtoensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA4FFF2AE6DF88FFAB5F885" box="[1054,1370,1842,1866]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">Hyperolius fusciventris lamtoensis</emphasis>
SchiØtz, 1965
</taxonomicName>
centred on
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA4FFF2A9A6F8F1FBB5F8AB" box="[981,1114,1868,1892]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
; and
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA4FFF2AEFDF8F1FC05F8B0" authority="(Boulenger, 1883)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="645" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fusciventris" subSpecies="burtoni">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA4FFF2AEFDF8F1FA40F8AB" box="[1166,1455,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">Hyperolius fusciventris burtoni</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1883)
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, whose distribution extends from
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA4FFF2AF3DF8DAFA7EF8B0" box="[1358,1425,1895,1919]" name="Ghana" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">Ghana</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA4FFF2A95CF83CFC93F856" box="[815,892,1921,1945]" name="Nigeria" pageId="16" pageNumber="645">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
. However, at some sites two “subspecies” occur in syntopy (M.-O. Rödel, unpubl. data). Such a sympatry would point to reproductive isolation. Therefore new morphological and genetic works should clarify the taxonomy of this complex.
</paragraph>
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(
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. —
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•
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•
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,
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; Lamto; MNHN-RA-2000.4077-4079, MNHN-RA-2000.4096, MNHN- RA-2000.4099, MNHN-RA-1996.8881, MNHN-RA-2000.4074, MNHN-RA-2000.4075, MNHN-RA-2000.4092, MNHN- RA-2000.4093, MNHN-RA-2000.4095, MNHN-RA-2000.4097 •
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; Tchan Tabou; MNHN-RA-2000.5346, MNHN- RA-1997.9583.
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. — Small (SVL
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) and slender frog, with pointed snout. Head small, slightly longer than wide (HW 24-33% SVL; HL 31-38% SVL).Tympanum barely distinct, covered by skin (TYD 7-11% SVL). Hind leg moderately long (TL 40-58% SVL). Webbing rather large, leaving up to two phalanges free; webbing formula: I 1 – 1 ¼ II ½ – 2 III 1 – 2 IV 1 ½ – ½ V. Fingers and toes with terminal discs. Skin uniformly smooth on the back and flanks, slightly granular on the belly.
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. — The dorsal colouration is green with white dorsolateral bands from tip of snout to groin. The canthus rostralis and upper eyelid are brown. The ventral body is white.
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. — Males have a yellow gland on the subgular vocal sac. Nuptial spines are not distinct, prepollex not distinctly thickened.
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. — The species is widely distributed in the Guinean savannah areas of West Africa.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA5FFF3AEA7FBA8FA42FBE2" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C." box="[1236,1453,1045,1069]" pageId="17" pageNumber="646" pagination="207 - 234" refId="ref37242" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C. 2003. - Amphibians of the Togo- Volta highlands, eastern Ghana. Salamandra 39: 207 - 234." type="journal article" year="2003">Rödel &amp; Agyei (2003)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA5FFF3A924FB92FBF8FB88" author="LEACHE A. D. &amp; RODEL M. - O. &amp; LINKEM C. W. &amp; DIAZ R. E. &amp; HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K." box="[855,1047,1071,1095]" pageId="17" pageNumber="646" pagination="22 - 45" refId="ref36129" refString="LEACHE A. D., RODEL M. - O., LINKEM C. W., DIAZ R. E., HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K. 2006. - Biodiversity in a forest island: reptiles and amphibians of the West African Togo hills. Amphibian &amp; Reptile Conservation 4: 22 - 45. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 51145036" type="journal article" year="2006">
Leaché
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA5FFF3A9D3FB8DFC20FB88" box="[928,975,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="646">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
reported its presence in the forest area between
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA5FFF3A91FFBF7FC71FBAD" box="[876,926,1098,1122]" name="Togo" pageId="17" pageNumber="646">Togo</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA5FFF3A9A3FBF7FBFAFBAD" box="[976,1045,1098,1122]" name="Ghana" pageId="17" pageNumber="646">Ghana</collectingCountry>
. Specimens have been studied by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA5FFF3AF12FBF7FC80FBB3" author="BOURGAT R." pageId="17" pageNumber="646" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
in his work on the trematodes of
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. During our survey, this species was collected in Kpei Solongo (Fazao Malfakassa National Park). Populations of this species have been observed along Mono River in ecological zone III.
</paragraph>
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. — Older publications (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA5FFF3AEA7FB5EFA46FB34" author="CHANNING A. &amp; MOYER D. &amp; BURGER M." box="[1236,1449,1251,1275]" pageId="17" pageNumber="646" pagination="91 - 99" refId="ref33325" refString="CHANNING A., MOYER D. &amp; BURGER M. 2002. - Cryptic species of sharp-nosed reed frogs in the Hyperolius nasutus complex: advertisement call differences. African Zoology 37 (1): 91 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 15627020.2002.11657159" type="journal article" year="2002">
Channing
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA5FFF3AF4CFB59FA80FB34" box="[1343,1391,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="646">et al.</emphasis>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA5FFF3A95EFB43FC4BFADA" author="AMIET J. - L." box="[813,932,1277,1302]" pageId="17" pageNumber="646" pagination="271 - 310" refId="ref32338" refString="AMIET J. - L. 2005. - Les Hyperolius camerounais du groupe d' H. nasutus (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 112: 271 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80299" type="journal article" year="2005">Amiet 2005</bibRefCitation>
) discussed the taxonomy of these frogs, and regarded them as part of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA5FFF3A9CDFAA5FAEEFAFF" authority="Gunther, 1865" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1865" box="[958,1281,1304,1328]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="646" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasutus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA5FFF3A9CDFAA5FB85FAFF" box="[958,1130,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="646">Hyperolius nasutus</emphasis>
Günther, 1865
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, with a wide range in western, central and southern Africa.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA5FFF3AEE4FA8EFA84FA84" author="CHANNING A. &amp; HILLERS A. &amp; LOTTERS S. &amp; RODEL M. - O. &amp; SCHICK S. &amp; CONRADIE W. &amp; RODER D. &amp; MERCURIO V. &amp; WAGNER P. &amp; DEHLING J. M. &amp; DU PREEZ L. H. &amp; KIELGAST J. &amp; BURGER M." box="[1175,1387,1331,1355]" pageId="17" pageNumber="646" pagination="301 - 350" refId="ref33376" refString="CHANNING A., HILLERS A., LOTTERS S., RODEL M. - O., SCHICK S., CONRADIE W., RODER D., MERCURIO V., WAGNER P., DEHLING J. M., DU PREEZ L. H., KIELGAST J. &amp; BURGER M. 2013. - Taxonomy of the super-cryptic Hyperolius nasutus group of long reed frogs of Africa (Anura: Hyperoliidae), with descriptions of six new species. Zootaxa 3620 (3): 301 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3620.3.1" type="journal article" year="2013">
Channing
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA5FFF3AE8FFA8EFAC7FA84" box="[1276,1320,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="646">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
revised the group and validated the name originally proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA5FFF3AF15FAF1FC80FAB0" author="SCHIOTZ A." pageId="17" pageNumber="646" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref38259" refString="SCHIOTZ A. 1963. - The amphibians of Nigeria. Videnskabelige meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske forening i Kjobenhavn 125: 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1963">SchiØtz (1963)</bibRefCitation>
and limited the distribution of this species to West Africa.
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA5FFF3AA8EFB2EFE09FB61" bold="true" box="[253,486,1171,1198]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="646">Hyperolius guttulatus</emphasis>
Günther, 1859
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. —
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•
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,
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;Kloto; MNHN- RA-1993.6106, MNHN-RA-1993.6107, MNHN-RA-1993.6110-6118, MNHN-RA-1993.6108, MNHN- RA-1993.6109.
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. — Medium sized tree frog (larger than most other Togolese tree frogs) (SVL
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), with moderately slender but fairly robust body, wider anteriorly than posteriorly. Head slightly longer than broad (HW 29-34% SVL, HL 33-36% SVL). Snout rounded.Tympanum distinct (TYD 2-5% SVL). Tibia short (TL 44-53% SVL). Webbing large, leaving up to two phalanges free; webbing formula: I ½ – 1 ½ II ½ – 1 ½ III ½ – 1 IV 1 ½ – ½ V. Skin smooth on the snout and strongly shagreen on the back and flanks; belly and chest granular; some warts at the corner of the mouth.
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. — The dorsal colouration of females is extremely variable, but fades in alcohol. Males are mostly uniformly greenish. For colour descriptions and figures see
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,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA5FFF3A8FBF914FD54F90E" author="SCHIOTZ A." box="[648,699,1705,1729]" pageId="17" pageNumber="646" pagination="1 - 346" refId="ref38284" refString="SCHIOTZ A. 1967. - The treefrogs (Rhacophoridae) of West Africa. Spolia zoologica Musei haunienses 25: 1 - 346." type="journal article" year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA5FFF3A8B5F914FD15F90E" author="SCHIOTZ A." box="[710,762,1705,1729]" pageId="17" pageNumber="646" refId="ref38309" refString="SCHIOTZ A. 1999. - Treefrogs of Africa. Chimaira, ̿ rankfurt am Main, 352 p." type="book" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
),
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,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA5FFF3AB7DF97EFE60F913" author="AMIET J. - L." box="[270,399,1731,1756]" pageId="17" pageNumber="646" refId="ref32388" refString="AMIET J. - L. 2012. - Les rainettes du Cameroun. Edition J. - L. Amiet, Nyons; La Nef des Livres, Saint Nazaire, 591 p." type="book" year="2012">Amiet (2012)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA5FFF3ABEAF979FD8FF914" author="KOUAME A. M. &amp; KOUAME N. G. &amp; KONAN J. C. B. Y. N. &amp; ADEPO-GOURENE A. B. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[409,608,1731,1756]" pageId="17" pageNumber="646" pagination="633 - 641" refId="ref35428" refString="KOUAME A. M., KOUAME N. G., KONAN J. C. B. Y. N., ADEPO-GOURENE A. B. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2015. - Contributions to the reproductive biology and behaviour of the dotted reed frog, Hyperolius guttulatus, in southern-central Ivory Coast, West Africa. Herpetology Notes 8: 633 - 641." type="journal article" year="2015">
Kouamé
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA5FFF3AB9CF979FDF4F914" box="[495,539,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="646">et al.</emphasis>
(2015)
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and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA5FFF3A8FEF97EFEE8F939" author="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O." pageId="17" pageNumber="646" refId="ref33292" refString="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2019. - Field guide to the frogs and other amphibians of Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 408 p." type="book" year="2019">Channing &amp; Rödel (2019)</bibRefCitation>
. This species differs from other large and robust
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species
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by a dark canthal stripe.
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. — Males have a subgular, bluish-green vocal sac with a roundish gland. Females are distinctly larger.
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. —
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA5FFF3ABBBF8C0FD62F85A" box="[456,653,1917,1941]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="646">Hyperolius guttulatus</emphasis>
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is essentially found in swampy forests. Our localities represent the typical habitat of the species according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA5FFF3ABD4F80DFDD8F805" author="SCHIOTZ A." box="[423,567,1968,1994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="646" pagination="1 - 346" refId="ref38284" refString="SCHIOTZ A. 1967. - The treefrogs (Rhacophoridae) of West Africa. Spolia zoologica Musei haunienses 25: 1 - 346." type="journal article" year="1967">SchiØtz (1967)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA5FFF3A837F80FFD2EF806" author="AMIET J. - L." box="[580,705,1969,1994]" pageId="17" pageNumber="646" pagination="30 - 107" refId="ref32271" refString="AMIET J. - L. 1975. - Ecologie et distribution des Amphibiens Anoures de la region de Nkongsamba (Cameroun). Annales de la Faculte des Sciences Yaounde 20: 30 - 107." type="journal article" year="1975">Amiet (1975</bibRefCitation>
,
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) and
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.
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA7FFF1A9CAFF6AFB78FF3D" bold="true" box="[953,1175,215,242]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Hyperolius nitidulus</emphasis>
Peters, 1875
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFA7FFF1AE5DFF4AFB41FEDE" box="[1070,1198,247,273]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFA7FFF1AE5DFF4AFB41FEDE" blockId="19.[953,1315,215,273]" box="[1070,1198,247,273]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">
(
<figureCitation id="13632A37FFA7FFF1AE45FF4AFB9BFEDE" box="[1078,1140,247,273]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[218,229,1134,1152]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1091]" captionTargetId="figure-614@20.[698,1267,213,741]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 9. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life:A-D, Hyperolius nitidulus Peters,1875:A, (N’Gambi);B, C, (Karalé);D, (Bounako)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13907170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13907170/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
A-D)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFA7FFF1A95EFE8CFABCFC77" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFA7FFF1A95EFE8CFC07FCCB" blockId="19.[811,1457,304,772]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFA7FFF1A9EEFE8BFBEBFE88" baselines="323" box="[925,1028,310,327]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="examined" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA7FFF1AE45FE8DFB84FE87" box="[1078,1131,304,328]" name="Togo" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Togo</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFA7FFF1AEF5FE8CFC2BFEB2" location="Niamtougou" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-male="7">
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA7FFF1AEF5FE8CFB40FE84" box="[1158,1199,305,331]" count="7" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" type="male">7 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<location id="8E876069FFA7FFF1AECCFE8DFAABFE87" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFA7FFF1A9CAFF6AFAE3FAEF:8E876069FFA7FFF1AECCFE8DFAABFE87" box="[1215,1348,304,328]" name="Niamtougou" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Niamtougou</location>
; MNHN- RA-1997.9922-9926, MNHN-RA-1993.6103, MNHN- RA-1993.6104
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFA7FFF1A9ADFED8FAB7FEB2" box="[990,1368,357,384]" collectorName="Coll." location="Siou" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3">
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA7FFF1A9ADFED8FBE8FE4F" box="[990,1031,357,384]" count="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<location id="8E876069FFA7FFF1AE65FED8FBA9FEB2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFA7FFF1A9CAFF6AFAE3FAEF:8E876069FFA7FFF1AE65FED8FBA9FEB2" box="[1046,1094,357,381]" name="Siou" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Siou</location>
;
<collectorName id="26AD5364FFA7FFF1AE21FED8FB6AFEB2" box="[1106,1157,357,381]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Coll.</collectorName>
GHS-W 1376-1378
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFA7FFF1AF01FED8FBC4FE7D" collectorName="Coll." location="N'Gambi" municipality="Oti-Keran National Park" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" specimenCount="19" specimenCount-male="19">
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA7FFF1AF01FED8FA47FE4F" box="[1394,1448,357,384]" count="19" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" type="male">19 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<location id="8E876069FFA7FFF1A95EFEC2FC67FE58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFA7FFF1A9CAFF6AFAE3FAEF:8E876069FFA7FFF1A95EFEC2FC67FE58" box="[813,904,383,407]" municipality="Oti-Keran National Park" name="N'Gambi" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">N’Gambi</location>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="6B83ACC8FFA7FFF1A9E1FEC2FB92FE58" box="[914,1149,383,407]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Oti-Kéran National Park</collectingMunicipality>
); MNHN-RA-2008.0221-0228,
<collectorName id="26AD5364FFA7FFF1A95EFE27FCB1FE7D" box="[813,862,410,434]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Coll.</collectorName>
GHS-W 0511-0520
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFA7FFF1AE32FE27FA9BFE28" collectorName="Bounako &amp; Coll." location="Fazao National Park" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-male="6">
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA7FFF1AE32FE27FB87FE7A" box="[1089,1128,410,437]" count="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" type="male">6 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectorName id="26AD5364FFA7FFF1AE06FE27FB21FE7D" box="[1141,1230,410,434]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Bounako</collectorName>
(
<location id="8E876069FFA7FFF1AEA9FE27FA4AFE7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFA7FFF1A9CAFF6AFAE3FAEF:8E876069FFA7FFF1AEA9FE27FA4AFE7D" box="[1242,1445,410,434]" name="Fazao National Park" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Fazao National Park</location>
);
<collectorName id="26AD5364FFA7FFF1A95EFE09FCB0FE03" box="[813,863,436,460]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Coll.</collectorName>
GHS-W 1932,
<collectorName id="26AD5364FFA7FFF1AE75FE09FBD7FE03" box="[1030,1080,436,460]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Coll.</collectorName>
GHS-W 1934,
<collectorName id="26AD5364FFA7FFF1AEACFE09FAFDFE03" box="[1247,1298,436,460]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Coll.</collectorName>
GHS-W 1935,
<collectorName id="26AD5364FFA7FFF1A95DFE72FCB0FE28" box="[814,863,463,487]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Coll.</collectorName>
GHS-W 1938,
<collectorName id="26AD5364FFA7FFF1A987FE72FBCBFE28" box="[1012,1060,463,487]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Coll.</collectorName>
GHS-W 1941,
<collectorName id="26AD5364FFA7FFF1AECAFE72FB06FE28" box="[1209,1257,463,487]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Coll.</collectorName>
GHS-W 1943
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFA7FFF1AFF5FE72FBE3FDCE" location="Tchamba" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA7FFF1AFF5FE72FA46FE25" box="[1414,1449,463,490]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
;
<location id="8E876069FFA7FFF1A95EFE54FC64FDCE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFA7FFF1A9CAFF6AFAE3FAEF:8E876069FFA7FFF1A95EFE54FC64FDCE" box="[813,907,489,513]" name="Tchamba" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Tchamba</location>
; ZMB 77904
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFA7FFF1AE6CFE54FC0BFCCB" collectionCode="SVL, II, III" collectorName="V. Toes &amp; Skin" county="Webbing" location="Head" municipality="Tibia" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" specimenCode="IV 1" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="7" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA7FFF1AE6CFE54FBAEFDCA" box="[1055,1089,489,517]" count="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
; N’Gambi; Coll. GHS-W 0555-0557.
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. — Relatively slender-bodied frog (SVL
<quantity id="4CA09B57FFA7FFF1AF6FFDA4FA7EFDFF" box="[1308,1425,537,561]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.57" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.04" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" unit="mm" value="25.7" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="20.4">20.4-31 mm</quantity>
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA7FFF1AFE5FDA0FA45FDFB" box="[1430,1450,541,564]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CA09B57FFA7FFF1A95EFD8EFC48FD84" box="[813,935,563,587]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.06" metricValueMax="3.42" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" unit="mm" value="30.6" valueMax="34.2" valueMin="27.0">27-34.2 mm</quantity>
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA7FFF1A9D8FD85FC53FD80" box="[939,956,568,591]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
), with comparatively stocky head and an oval snout.
<location id="8E876069FFA7FFF1A958FDF3FC8EFDA9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFA7FFF1A9CAFF6AFAE3FAEF:8E876069FFA7FFF1A958FDF3FC8EFDA9" box="[811,865,590,614]" county="Webbing" municipality="Tibia" name="Head" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Head</location>
as long as broad (HW 27-31% SVL; HL 29-34%
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFA7FFF1AF01FDF3FA4CFDA9" box="[1394,1443,590,614]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">SVL</collectionCode>
).
<location id="8E876069FFA7FFF1A95DFDD4FC4CFD4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFA7FFF1A9CAFF6AFAE3FAEF:8E876069FFA7FFF1A95DFDD4FC4CFD4E" box="[814,931,617,641]" county="Webbing" municipality="Tibia" name="Tympanum" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Tympanum</location>
barely distinct, covered by skin (TYD 2-5%
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFA7FFF1AF06FDD5FA49FD4F" box="[1397,1446,616,640]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">SVL</collectionCode>
).
<collectingMunicipality id="6B83ACC8FFA7FFF1A95DFD3EFC8DFD54" box="[814,866,643,667]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Tibia</collectingMunicipality>
moderately long (TL 43-55%
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFA7FFF1AEEAFD3EFB26FD54" box="[1177,1225,643,667]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">SVL</collectionCode>
).
<collectingCounty id="62864E3EFFA7FFF1AEA9FD3EFADCFD54" box="[1242,1331,643,667]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Webbing</collectingCounty>
rather large, leaving sup to two phalanges free; webbing formula: I 1 – 1 ½
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFA7FFF1AFEDFD23FA40FD7A" box="[1438,1455,670,693]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">II</collectionCode>
½ - 1 ½
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFA7FFF1A9F6FD05FC70FD00" box="[901,927,696,719]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">III</collectionCode>
½ – 2
<specimenCode id="DBFE9EC9FFA7FFF1A99BFD05FBF9FD1F" box="[1000,1046,696,720]" collectionCode="IV" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">IV 1</specimenCode>
½ – ½
<collectorName id="26AD5364FFA7FFF1AE16FD05FB44FD00" box="[1125,1195,696,719]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">V. Toes</collectorName>
and fingers terminated by discs.
<collectorName id="26AD5364FFA7FFF1A918FD6FFC77FD25" box="[875,920,722,746]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Skin</collectorName>
uniformly smooth over entire back and flanks; belly and chest granular
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFA7FFF1A95EFCA1FABCFC77" blockId="19.[811,1457,796,952]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFA7FFF1A95EFCA1FC51FCFC" baselines="814,815" box="[813,958,796,820]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Colouration" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">COLOURATION</smallCapsWord>
. — This species has a yellowish or grayish colour. Juveniles are uniform gray to brown, and turn white at temperatures above 35°C (see summary of the biology in
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA7FFF1AEA5FCECFAB3FCA6" author="RODEL M. - O." box="[1238,1372,849,873]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" refId="ref37146" refString="RODEL M. - O. 2000. - Herpetofauna of West Africa. Vol 1. Amphibians of theWest African savanna. ̿ rankfurt am Main, Chimaira, 335 p." type="book" year="2000">Rödel [2000]</bibRefCitation>
). Adults vary from almost uniform yellow with darker lateral bands and blotches to yellow dorsal colouration with brown or dark spots of varying shapes and sizes much. The ventral side is white.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFA7FFF1A95EFC6DFAE3FAEF" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFA7FFF1A95EFC6DFBC8FBCD" blockId="19.[813,1455,976,1026]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFA7FFF1A95EFC6DFC9AFC28" baselines="994,995" box="[813,885,976,1000]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Sexual" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">SEXUAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFA7FFF1A908FC6BFC17FC28" baselines="995" box="[891,1016,982,999]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="dimorphism" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">DIMORPHISM</smallCapsWord>
. — The throat of male shows a yellow gland on the subgular vocal sac.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFA7FFF1A95EFBA6FAE3FAEF" blockId="19.[811,1457,1050,1313]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFA7FFF1A95EFBA6FC64FBFE" baselines="1068,1069" box="[813,907,1051,1074]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Habitats" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">HABITATS</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFA7FFF1A9FCFB9DFC57FBFE" baselines="1069" box="[911,952,1056,1073]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">AND</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFA7FFF1A9CFFB9DFBAEFBFE" baselines="1069" box="[956,1089,1056,1073]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
. — In
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA7FFF1AEF2FBA6FB5DFBFC" box="[1153,1202,1051,1075]" name="Togo" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Togo</collectingCountry>
this species is characteristic for the Sudanian savannahs. It is very frequent in the North (Kéran Park and around Niamtougou). In the rainy season it often perches on grasses, shrubs or any other pond plant. The southern limit of its distribution in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA7FFF1A992FB39FBFCFB53" box="[993,1043,1156,1180]" name="Togo" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Togo</collectingCountry>
is at Togodo National Park, in ecological zone IV. Specimens were collected in the north-western part along the Atakora mountain range between the villages of Souroukou and Malfakassa in the Bassar region, mainly in the locality of Bounako. The presence of this species in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA7FFF1AEE9FB53FB23FAC9" box="[1178,1228,1262,1286]" name="Togo" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Togo</collectingCountry>
has also been reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA7FFF1A938FAB4FC0DFAEF" author="BOURGAT R." box="[843,994,1288,1313]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA7FFF1AE60FAB5FAE9FAEF" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[1043,1286,1288,1312]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA7FFF1AEFCFAB4FB51FAEF" box="[1167,1214,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="9A412426C74792AF413061F4420F114C">Amphibians of Togo: taxonomy, distribution and conservation status</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="88BD872A947C096D3EB02E68F1A8CE1D">Dubois, Alain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4FD97A7C2D82B03DD13E223A76B1D163">Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE-PSL, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 30, F- 75005, Paris (France) alain. dubois @ mnhn. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="94033BB7BE6A11E9ADD8C8DD26F2579D">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="00BB39A69C97922A60EF2D9345AF0515">
<mods:date id="0DE5887D799DA96022358D43269773C3">2024</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA7FFF1A9DCFACEFB7EFA41" bold="true" box="[943,1169,1395,1422]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Hyperolius sylvaticus</emphasis>
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(
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)
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. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA7FFF1AE6EFA69FBA1FA23" box="[1053,1102,1492,1516]" name="Togo" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Togo</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
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; Yégué; MNHN-RA-2008.0129 •
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; Diguengué; Coll. GHS-W-1632, Coll. GHS-W 1657 •
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; Kovié; MNHN-RA-1993.6093.
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. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA7FFF1AE24F9FCFB4DF996" box="[1111,1186,1601,1625]" name="Liberia" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Liberia</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA7FFF1AECDF9FDFB07F994" box="[1214,1256,1600,1627]" count="4" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="499CF850FFA7FFF1AE8BF9FDFAACF997" box="[1272,1347,1600,1624]" country="Liberia" name="Nimba" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Nimba</collectingRegion>
, MNHN- RA-1998.1392-1395
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.
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<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFA7FFF1A95EF9CBFA4BF939" blockId="19.[812,1456,1600,1888]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFA7FFF1A95EF9CBFC05F968" country="Ivory Coast" location="Cote d'Ivoire" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA7FFF1A95EF9CBFC53F941" bold="true" box="[813,956,1654,1678]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA7FFF1A95EF9CBFC53F941" box="[813,956,1654,1678]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
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•
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; Lamto, MNHN-RA-1993.3720, MN- HN-RA-1993.7693
</materialsCitation>
•
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,
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of
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA7FFF1AEB9F932FCBAF90E" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Hyperolius sylvaticus ivorensis</emphasis>
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north of
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; MNHN-RA-1993.3722, MNHN-RA-1993.3723
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•
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of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA7FFF1AE9EF979FBE3F939" authority="SchiOtz, 1967" authorityName="SchiOtz" authorityYear="1967" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="sylvaticus" subSpecies="ivorensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA7FFF1AE9EF979FC93F939" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Hyperolius sylvaticus ivorensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA7FFF1A9F1F960FBE3F939" author="SCHIOTZ A." box="[898,1036,1757,1782]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" pagination="1 - 346" refId="ref38284" refString="SCHIOTZ A. 1967. - The treefrogs (Rhacophoridae) of West Africa. Spolia zoologica Musei haunienses 25: 1 - 346." type="journal article" year="1967">SchiØtz, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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;
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; MNHN-RA-1993.3724-3727
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.
</paragraph>
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA7FFF1A95EF947FC9FF8DD" box="[813,880,1786,1810]" name="Ghana" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Ghana</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
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,
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of
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA7FFF1AE4BF944FAB7F8DE" box="[1080,1368,1785,1809]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Hyperolius sylvaticus sylvaticus</emphasis>
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; Bobiri; MNHN-RA-1993.3729
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.
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA7FFF1A95EF892FC98F888" box="[813,887,1839,1863]" name="Nigeria" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
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of
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA7FFF1AE4BF893FAB3F88A" box="[1080,1372,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">Hyperolius sylvaticus nigeriensis</emphasis>
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;
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north of
<location id="8E876069FFA7FFF1A98FF8F5FB55F8AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFA7FFF6A9DCFACEFD33F929:8E876069FFA7FFF1A98FF8F5FB55F8AF" box="[1020,1210,1864,1888]" country="Nigeria" name="University of Ibadan" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">University of Ibadan</location>
; MNHN-RA-1993.3729
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.
</paragraph>
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. — Slender-bodied tree frog (SVL
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,
<quantity id="4CA09B57FFA7FFF1A95EF827FC7BF87E" box="[813,916,1946,1970]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="28.0">28-30 mm</quantity>
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA7FFF1A9EBF823FC46F87A" box="[920,937,1950,1973]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="648" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
), with pointed snout. Head slightly longer than broad (HW 30-36% SVL; HL 34-37%
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFA7FFF1AE1FF809FB73F803" box="[1132,1180,1972,1996]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">SVL</collectionCode>
). Tympanum poorly distinct (TYD 3-5%
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFA7FFF1A9C0F872FC0AF828" box="[947,997,1999,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">SVL</collectionCode>
). Tibia moderately long (TL 46-50%
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFA7FFF1AF01F872FA4BF828" box="[1394,1444,1999,2023]" pageId="19" pageNumber="648">SVL</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
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. 9. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life:
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA0FFF6A8B9FBD3FD03FB4F" bold="true" box="[714,748,1134,1152]" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">A -D</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA0FFF6A887FBD3FBEEFB4F" authority="Peters, 1875" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1875" box="[756,1025,1134,1152]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="649" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nitidulus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA0FFF6A887FBD3FC7BFB4F" box="[756,916,1134,1152]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">Hyperolius nitidulus</emphasis>
Peters,1875
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA0FFF6AE74FBD3FBFBFB4F" bold="true" box="[1031,1044,1134,1152]" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">A</emphasis>
, (N’Gambi);
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA0FFF6AE0BFBD3FB6AFB4F" bold="true" box="[1144,1157,1134,1152]" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">B</emphasis>
,
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, (Karalé);
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA0FFF6AE98FBD3FB16FB4F" bold="true" box="[1259,1273,1134,1152]" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">D</emphasis>
, (Bounako).
</paragraph>
</caption>
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Webbing large; webbing formula: I 1 – 1 ½
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFA0FFF6A85EFB04FDD1FB1F" box="[557,574,1209,1232]" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">II</collectionCode>
½ –1 ½
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFA0FFF6A8E5FB04FD5FFB1F" box="[662,688,1209,1232]" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">III</collectionCode>
½ – 1 ½
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFA0FFF6AAF7FB6EFF71FB25" box="[132,158,1235,1258]" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">IV</collectionCode>
1 ½ – ½ V. Toes and fingers terminated by discs. Skin uniformly smooth over entire back and flanks; belly and chest granular.
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. — The dorsal colouration is characterised by a dark mid-dorsal band that includes the inter-orbital band and a sacral spot; in other individuals three large, transversely orientated spots, an inter-orbital, a shoulder and a sacral spot, form the dorsal pattern. The ventral side is white.
</paragraph>
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. — The male has a subgular vocal sac with a gland.
</paragraph>
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. — The small number of specimens collected makes it difficult to estimate the species range in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA0FFF6A8A3F9A6FCEAF9FC" box="[720,773,1563,1587]" name="Togo" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">Togo</collectingCountry>
. The specimen MNHN-RA-2008.0129 was captured in the gallery forest along the Yégué River in Adélé (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA0FFF6AB88F9EDFD43F9A7" author="HILLERS A. &amp; BOATENG C. O. &amp; SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[507,684,1616,1640]" pageId="20" pageNumber="649" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref34638" refString="HILLERS A., BOATENG C. O., SEGNIAGBETO G. H., AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2009. - The amphibians in the forests of southern Ghana and western Togo. Zoosystematics and Evolution 85 (1): 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / zoos. 200800019" type="journal article" year="2009">
Hillers
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA0FFF6A830F9EDFD9DF9A7" box="[579,626,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA0FFF6A8CCF9F3FF28F94D" author="SCHIOTZ A." pageId="20" pageNumber="649" refId="ref38309" refString="SCHIOTZ A. 1999. - Treefrogs of Africa. Chimaira, ̿ rankfurt am Main, 352 p." type="book" year="1999">SchiØtz (1999)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that it is mainly a forest species. The distribution localities mentioned in the Volta region between
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA0FFF6A811F938FD7BF952" box="[610,660,1669,1693]" name="Togo" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">Togo</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA0FFF6A8B6F939FCE9F953" box="[709,774,1668,1692]" name="Ghana" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">Ghana</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA0FFF6AAFFF922FEB7F978" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C." box="[140,344,1695,1719]" pageId="20" pageNumber="649" pagination="207 - 234" refId="ref37242" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C. 2003. - Amphibians of the Togo- Volta highlands, eastern Ghana. Salamandra 39: 207 - 234." type="journal article" year="2003">Rödel &amp; Agyei 2003</bibRefCitation>
) confirm the range of this species.
</paragraph>
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. — See comment under
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA0FFF6A85AF972FD3AF928" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1931" box="[553,725,1743,1767]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="20" pageNumber="649" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticeps">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA0FFF6A85AF972FD3AF928" box="[553,725,1743,1767]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="649">Hyperolius laticeps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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)
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. —
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•
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA9FFFFAEF4F8F0FB5EF8A8" box="[1159,1201,1869,1895]" count="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="658" type="male">7 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA9FFFFAEB2F8F1FB1AF8A8" box="[1217,1269,1868,1895]" count="10" pageId="29" pageNumber="658" type="female">10 ♀</specimenCount>
; Kanté; MNHN- RA-1996.8861-8863, MNHN-RA-2006.2219, MNHN- RA-2006.2221,MNHN-RA-2006.2223-2229,MNHN-RA-1996.8322, MNHN-RA-1996.8323, MNHN-RA-1996.8324, MNHN- RA-1996.8860 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA9FFFFA9A6F80BFC13F81E" box="[981,1020,1974,2001]" count="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="658" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA9FFFFAE7BF80BFBC2F81E" box="[1032,1069,1974,2001]" count="4" pageId="29" pageNumber="658" type="female">4 ♀</specimenCount>
; Mango; MNHN-RA-1996.8330-8341 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFA9FFFFA94FF86CFC8CF823" box="[828,867,2001,2028]" count="7" pageId="29" pageNumber="658" type="male">7 ♂</specimenCount>
; Oga; MNHN-RA-2008.0154-0157.
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. — Small frog (SVL
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,
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), with fairly slender body. Snout pointed, protruding above the mouth slit. Head slightly longer than broad (HW 27-34% SVL; HL 37- 45% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 4-9% SVL). Hind legs long (TL 51-67% SVL). Webbing small, leaving some phalanges free; webbing formula: I 1 – 2 II 1 – 2 ½ III 1 ½ – 3 IV 3 – 1 V. Tip of toes pointed. Back marked by four pairs of glandular folds, the inner most pair starting from the back of the eye, running along the medial dorsal line and ending at the vent, the third pair being the shortest and in a median position with respect to the first two, the fourth, the most outer, being dorsolateral; distinct and very short supratympanic fold; smooth skin on the back and more granular on the flanks.
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. — The colouration is olive-gray or brown on the back, with a whitish, orange or green vertebral line. Some darker spots can be seen on the back. The dorsolateral folds are light gray. From the tip of the snout to the eye, the canthus is marked by a dark band. The dorsal parts of the forearm, thigh and tibia are crossed out by darker bands. The belly is white.
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. — The males are distinguished by a pair of vocal sacs, opening on either side of the throat, parallel to the lower jaw, and nuptial pads on first to third fingers.
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. —
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is essentially a savannah species. It is distributed in ecological zones I, II, III and IV. Its frequency in the ecological zone IV becomes more and more important because of the savannisation of the forest zone. It has been reported in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAAFFFCAB38FC5EFE92FC34" box="[331,381,995,1019]" name="Togo" pageId="30" pageNumber="659">Togo</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAAFFFCABEDFC5EFDDBFC35" author="BOURGAT R." box="[414,564,994,1019]" pageId="30" pageNumber="659" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAAFFFCA84CFC5EFCE8FC35" author="BOURGAT R. &amp; ROURE C. &amp; KULO S. - D." box="[575,775,994,1019]" pageId="30" pageNumber="659" pagination="383 - 394" refId="ref33108" refString="BOURGAT R., ROURE C. &amp; KULO S. - D. 1996. - Nouvelles donnees sur les Trematodes d'amphibiens d'Afrique occidentale. Description d' Haematoloechus aubrae n. sp. Revue suisse de Zoologie 103 (2): 383 - 394. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 79953" type="journal article" year="1996">
Bourgat
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAAFFFCA8E1FC5EFD2FFC35" box="[658,704,994,1018]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="659">et al.</emphasis>
(1996)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAAFFFCAADCFC41FE75FBDA" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; BOWESSIDJAOU J. E. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A." box="[175,410,1020,1045]" pageId="30" pageNumber="659" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref38374" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., BOWESSIDJAOU J. E., DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A. 2007. - Les Amphibiens du Togo: etat actuel des connaissances. Alytes 24 (1 - 4): 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2007">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAAFFFCAB58FC40FEB5FBDB" box="[299,346,1020,1044]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="659">et al.</emphasis>
(2007
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAAFFFCABD4FC40FE34FBDA" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[423,475,1021,1045]" pageId="30" pageNumber="659" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
).
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</treatment>
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. —
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•
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,
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; Agou; MNHN- RA-1979.7145, MNHN-RA-1979.7146, MNHN-RA-1979.7149 •
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,
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; Agoté; MNHN-RA-2006.2156-2158 •
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; Kanté; MNHN- RA-1979.7148 •
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,
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; Lomé; MNHN-RA-1979.7147, MNHN- RA-1979.7150, MNHN-RA-1979.7151, MNHN-RA-2006.2208 •
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; Tové; MNHN-RA-1979.7144.
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. — Large frog (SVL
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,
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), with robust body. Snout pointed, protruding beyond mouth slit. Head longer than broad (HW 30-35% SVL; HL 37-41% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 6-8% SVL). Hind legs very long (TL 62-75% SVL). Webbing moderate; webbing formula: I 0 – 1 ½ II 0 – 2 III ½ – 3 IV 2 – ½ V. Toe tips pointed. Back marked by three pairs of glandular folds: the inner pair starting at the rear of the interorbital space, without contact with the eyelids and extending to the posterior end of the body; the middle pair starting at the posterior edge of the eyelids and ending at the groin; and the outer pair constituting the supra-tympanic folds, extending to the inguinal region; slightly shagreen skin on the back and flanks.
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<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFA9FFFFA95EFB99FC25FB99" blockId="29.[811,1458,742,1110]" pageId="29" pageNumber="658">The most conspicuous characters of this species are its extremely long hind limbs</paragraph>
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. — The dorsal colouration is grayish or olive-greenish, brownish in some specimens, with irregularly set white spots. The vertebral line is distinct. The dorsal sides of the thighs and legs have brownish transverse bars. The belly is white. In West Africa it is the only
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which combines a snout with colour paler than the rest of the head and reddish colouration on the posterior part of the eyelids.
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. — Males have two pairs of infer vocal sac openings, laterally on either side of the throat, and nuptial pads on first to third fingers.
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. — This species is characteristic of savannah associated with forest areas. Very frequent in ecological zones II, III and IV, it is observed in the regions of Kpélé, Adélé (M’Poti and Koui), Fazao (Kalaré), Tchamba, Alibi, etc. Females lay eggs in the rainy season in small pools or water reservoirs. The species was reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA9FFFFAE51F9FCFB50F997" author="BOURGAT R." box="[1058,1215,1600,1625]" pageId="29" pageNumber="658" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
from Kovié, Lomé and Kanté, and by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA9FFFFA9B3F9E7FB5CF9BC" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[960,1203,1626,1651]" pageId="29" pageNumber="658" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA9FFFFAE49F9E6FB85F9BD" box="[1082,1130,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="658">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
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from Tetetou to Nagbeto dam.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA9FFFFA917F9C8FC09F942" author="RODEL M. - O." box="[868,998,1653,1677]" pageId="29" pageNumber="658" refId="ref37146" refString="RODEL M. - O. 2000. - Herpetofauna of West Africa. Vol 1. Amphibians of theWest African savanna. ̿ rankfurt am Main, Chimaira, 335 p." type="book" year="2000">Rödel (2000)</bibRefCitation>
reported its presence in ecological zones II and IV of the country.
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240
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. —
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•
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,
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; Agoé; MNHN- RA-2006.2108-2112, MNHN-RA-2006.2118-2123, MNHN- RA-2006.2140-2155 •
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,
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; Djagblé; MNHN-RA-2006.2105, MNHN-RA-2006.2101-2104, MNHN-RA-2006.2106, MNHN- RA-2006.2107 •
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,
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; Kovié; MNHN-RA-1995.1999, MNHN- RA-1995.2000, MNHN-RA-1995.2018, MNHN-RA-1995.2024, MNHN-RA-1995.2027, MNHN-RA-1995.1233-1235, MNHN- RA-1995.1940, MNHN-RA-1995.1985, MNHN-RA-1995.1987, MNHN-RA-1995.1989-1996, MNHN-RA-1995.2019-2023, MNHN-RA-1995.2026, MNHN-RA-1995.2033, MNHN- RA-1995.2034, MNHN-RA-1995.2039, MNHN-RA-1995.2044 •
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,
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; Togblékopé; MNHN-RA-2006.2113-2118, MNHN- RA-2006.2125-2139.
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. — Frog of moderate size (SVL
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), usually slender and elongated body. Snout pointed, protruding beyond mouth slit. Head longer than broad HW 25-33% SVL; HL 34-44% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 6-9% SVL). Hind legs long (TL 51-68% SVL). Webbing small, leaving three phalanges free; webbing formula: I 1 ½ – 2 ½ II 1 ½ – (2 ½ or 3) III (1 ½ or 2) – 3 IV 3 – 1 ½ V. Back with four pairs of continuous glandular folds, the innermost pair bordering the medio-dorsal line from the palpebral region to the vent, the fourth outermost pair of folds constituting the dorsolateral folds; finely granular skin on the back; some glandular granules on the flanks; belly smooth.
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. — The dorsal colouration is essentially brown, sometimes gray, the glandular folds are darker. The vertebral line is whitish for most specimens, sometimes green in some living specimens. The ventral side is white and the posterior side of the thighs has large dark transverse spots.
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. — The males have a pair of laterally opening vocal sacks, with the external opening parallel to the lower jaw, and nuptial pads on first to third fingers.
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. —
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA9FFFFABBDFA9CFD29FAF7" box="[462,710,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="658">Ptychadena mascareniensis</emphasis>
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is present throughout the country. In the suburbs of Lomé, individuals sometimes enter houses during the rainy season. The species is very abundant in the wetlands around Lomé (Zio, Haho, Lake
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and the small ponds around these rivers). We observed specimens in ecological zones I, II, III and IV of the country. The species was reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA9FFFFAA8FFA7DFE7CFA18" author="BOURGAT R." box="[252,403,1471,1496]" pageId="29" pageNumber="658" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
from Lomé, Kovié and Kloto, and by
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Segniagbeto
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(2022)
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from Tetetou to Nagbeto dam along the Mono River.
</paragraph>
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. — This nominal taxon consists of a species complex.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA9FFFFAA97F9F5FE63F9AF" author="LAMOTTE M." box="[228,396,1607,1632]" pageId="29" pageNumber="658" pagination="647 - 656" refId="ref35750" refString="LAMOTTE M. 1967 b. - Le probleme des Ptychadena (̿ am. Ranidae) du groupe mascareniensis dans l'Ouest Africain. Bulletin du Museum national l'histoire naturelle (2 e Serie) 39: 647 - 656." type="journal article" year="1967">Lamotte (1967b)</bibRefCitation>
distinguished two forms on the size of the individuals. He considered the West African form described as
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(
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)
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA9FFFFAB44F9C1FE9EF95B" box="[311,369,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="658">hylaea</emphasis>
Schmidt &amp; Inger, 1959
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as a larger form (
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,
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), specifically related to forest ecosystems in
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,
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,
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,
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, and the smaller species
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA9FFFFAAF0F971FED5F92B" box="[131,314,1740,1764]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="658">Ptychadena pumilio</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1920)
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(
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,
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) related to savannah ecosystems in central
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and
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. The name
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applies to small frogs, and may comprise several species, living in degraded rainforest and savannah areas of West Africa, respectively (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA9FFFFABAAF888FDA1F881" author="RODEL M. - O." box="[473,590,1845,1870]" pageId="29" pageNumber="658" refId="ref37146" refString="RODEL M. - O. 2000. - Herpetofauna of West Africa. Vol 1. Amphibians of theWest African savanna. ̿ rankfurt am Main, Chimaira, 335 p." type="book" year="2000">Rödel 2000</bibRefCitation>
and M.-O. Rödel unpubl. data).
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA9FFFFAB68F8EDFDFBF8A7" box="[283,532,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="658">Ptychadena mascareniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is larger and also occurs in both ecosystems, but is usually best observed in rice paddies. Several morphological and colour morphs have been observed (see e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA9FFFFAADEF822FE9EF878" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; GLOS J." box="[173,369,1951,1975]" pageId="29" pageNumber="658" pagination="15 - 35" refId="ref37389" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; GLOS J. 2019. - Herpetological surveys in two proposed protected areas in Liberia, West Africa. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 15 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zse. 95.31726" type="journal article" year="2019">Rödel &amp; Glos 2019</bibRefCitation>
; M.-O. Rödel unpubl. data). In
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA9FFFFA8C7F81DFD09F877" box="[692,742,1952,1976]" name="Togo" pageId="29" pageNumber="658">Togo</collectingCountry>
we observed specimens that do not resemble the
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA9FFFFA85EF807FD88F81D" authorityName="Schmidt &amp; Inger" authorityYear="1959" box="[557,615,1978,2002]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="29" pageNumber="658" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hylaea">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA9FFFFA85EF807FD88F81D" box="[557,615,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="658">hylaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form of
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA9FFFFA8C4F807FF3DF823" author="LAMOTTE M." pageId="29" pageNumber="658" pagination="647 - 656" refId="ref35750" refString="LAMOTTE M. 1967 b. - Le probleme des Ptychadena (̿ am. Ranidae) du groupe mascareniensis dans l'Ouest Africain. Bulletin du Museum national l'histoire naturelle (2 e Serie) 39: 647 - 656." type="journal article" year="1967">Lamotte (1967b)</bibRefCitation>
with regard to size. Some examined specimens that are adult males and females have an intermediate size (SVL) ranging from
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. It has been shown that
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA9FFFFAED3FF4CFA78FEC6" box="[1184,1431,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="658">Ptychadena mascareniensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as currently understood is a complex of species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA9FFFFAE87FEB1FA46FEEB" author="VENCES M. &amp; KOSUCH J. &amp; RODEL M. - O. &amp; LOTTERS S. &amp; CHANNING A. &amp; GLAW F. &amp; BOHME W." box="[1268,1449,268,292]" pageId="29" pageNumber="658" pagination="593 - 601" refId="ref39039" refString="VENCES M., KOSUCH J., RODEL M. - O., LOTTERS S., CHANNING A., GLAW F. &amp; BOHME W. 2004. - Phylogeography of Ptychadena mascareniensis suggests transoceanic dispersal in a widespread African-Malagasy frog lineage. Journal of Biogeography 31 (4): 593 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2699.2003.01031. x" type="journal article" year="2004">
Vences
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA9FFFFAF4CFEB0FA80FEEB" box="[1343,1391,268,292]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="658">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA9FFFFA95EFE9BFC09FEF1" author="ZIMKUS B. M. &amp; LAWSON L. P. &amp; BAREJ M. F. &amp; BARRATT C. D. &amp; CHANNING A. &amp; DASH K. M. &amp; DEHLING J. M. &amp; DU PREEZ L. &amp; GEHRING P. - S. &amp; GREENBAUM E. &amp; GVOZDIK V. &amp; HARVEY J. &amp; KIELGAST J. &amp; KUSAMBA C. &amp; NAGY Z. T. &amp; PABIJAN M. &amp; PENNER J. &amp; RODEL M. - O. &amp; VENCES M. &amp; LOTTERS S." box="[813,998,294,318]" pageId="29" pageNumber="658" pagination="254 - 269" refId="ref39273" refString="ZIMKUS B. M., LAWSON L. P., BAREJ M. F., BARRATT C. D., CHANNING A., DASH K. M., DEHLING J. M., DU PREEZ L., GEHRING P. - S., GREENBAUM E., GVOZDIK V., HARVEY J., KIELGAST J., KUSAMBA C., NAGY Z. T., PABIJAN M., PENNER J., RODEL M. - O., VENCES M. &amp; LOTTERS S. 2017. - Leapfrogging into new territory: how Mascarene ridged frogs diversified across Africa and Madagascar to maintain their ecological niche. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 106: 254 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.09.018" type="journal article" year="2017">
Zimkus
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA9FFFFA90DFE9AFC42FEF1" box="[894,941,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="658">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). The latter publication revealed a high level of genetic differentiation, i.e., 10 distinct lineages or operational taxonomic units. Further morphological and molecular work is needed to clarify the taxonomy of West African populations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

194
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<mods:title id="2B98E9D58A4BC3E0B5F22EF9110CDD01">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4DB7CC50E86B66C05F52D080A1CAE1A0">2024</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAAFFFCA9D6FF6AFB92FF3D" bold="true" box="[933,1149,215,242]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="659">Ptychadena trinodis</emphasis>
(Boettger, 1881)
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. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAAFFFCAE4FFEA0FB9DFEFA" box="[1084,1138,285,309]" name="Togo" pageId="30" pageNumber="659">Togo</collectingCountry>
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•
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,
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; Kanté; MNHN- RA-1995.1429-1431.
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. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAAFFFCAE5DFECFFB41FE47" box="[1070,1198,368,394]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="30" pageNumber="659">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
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•
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,
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; Bobo Kouviala; MNHN-RA-1996.3939-3941 •
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; Kippo; MNHN-RA-1996.618 •
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; Kosoghen; MNHN-RA-1997.5571, MNHN-RA-1997.5572 •
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; Kou; MNHN-RA-1996.8391.
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAAFFFCA95EFE66FC6FFE3C" box="[813,896,475,499]" name="Senegal" pageId="30" pageNumber="659">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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•
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; Ndella; MNHN-RA-1998.2813, MNHN- RA-1998.2814
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.
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. — Medium to large frog (SVL
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,
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), with robust body. Snout pointed, protruding beyond mouth slit. Head longer than broad (HW 29-40% SVL; HL 35- 43%
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). Tympanum distinct (TYD 7-8%
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). Hind legs long (TL 50-60%
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). Webbing moderate; webbing formula: I 0 – 1
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0 – 2
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1 – 3
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2 ½ – 0 V. Toe tips pointed. A tarsal tubercle. Back marked by three slightly distinct pairs of glandular folds in the scapular and inguinal regions but more distinct in the median region of the body, the two inner pairs being longer than the outer pair; distinct dorsolateral and supratympanic folds; skin slightly shagreen on the back and flanks; belly smooth.
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. — The dorsal colouration is brownish with much darker spots and a narrow, yellow vertebral line. The flanks, loreal and tympanic regions are brown with darker spots. Some whitish spots are present on the tympanum. The dorsal parts of the forearm, thigh and tibia have alternating light brown and dark brown transverse bars. The back of the thigh has irregular brownish spots. The marginal edge of the throat has alternating dark and whitish spots, the throat being white with some dark spots. The belly, the chest, the ventral side of the thigh and the webbing are white.
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. — The males are distinguished from the females by a pair of vocal sac openings, parallel to the lower jaw, on each side of the throat. Nuptial pads are present on first to third fingers.
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. —
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAAFFFCAE03FABEFACAFAD4" box="[1136,1317,1283,1307]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="659">Ptychadena trinodis</emphasis>
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occurs mainly in dry Sudanian savannah. Its known distribution in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAAFFFCAF54FAA3FAB6FAF9" box="[1319,1369,1310,1334]" name="Togo" pageId="30" pageNumber="659">Togo</collectingCountry>
is dominantly in ecological zone I. It can be found in ecological zone
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and in the northern part of ecological zone
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. It was reported in the northern zone of
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by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAAFFFCAE2AFAD0FB1CFA4A" author="BOURGAT R." box="[1113,1267,1389,1413]" pageId="30" pageNumber="659" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
, and is distributed in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAAFFFCA939FA3AFC3FFA50" box="[842,976,1415,1439]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="30" pageNumber="659">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAAFFFCA9AFFA3AFBCEFA50" box="[988,1057,1415,1439]" name="Ghana" pageId="30" pageNumber="659">Ghana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAAFFFCAE5EFA3AFB87FA50" box="[1069,1128,1415,1439]" name="Benin" pageId="30" pageNumber="659">Benin</collectingCountry>
and
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAAFFFCAE85FA3AFA83FA50" author="RODEL M. - O." box="[1270,1388,1415,1439]" pageId="30" pageNumber="659" refId="ref37146" refString="RODEL M. - O. 2000. - Herpetofauna of West Africa. Vol 1. Amphibians of theWest African savanna. ̿ rankfurt am Main, Chimaira, 335 p." type="book" year="2000">Rödel 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAAFFFCAF09FA35FC79FA76" author="NAGO S. G. A. &amp; GRELL O. &amp; SINSIN B. &amp; RODEL M. - O." pageId="30" pageNumber="659" pagination="93 - 108" refId="ref36329" refString="NAGO S. G. A., GRELL O., SINSIN B. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2006. - The amphibian fauna of the Pendjari National Park and surroundings, northern Benin. Salamandra 42: 93 - 108." type="journal article" year="2006">
Nago
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAAFFFCA95EFA1FFCB3FA75" box="[813,860,1442,1466]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="659">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
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143
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAAFFFCAB7BFBE9FE3AFBA0" bold="true" box="[264,469,1108,1135]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="659">Ptychadena tellinii</emphasis>
(Peracca, 1904)
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. —
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; Kanté; MNHN- RA-1978.292, MNHN-RA-1978.293, MNHN-RA-1996.8376-8380, MNHN-RA-1996.8382-8387.
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. — Medium sized (SVL
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) frog, with moderately elongated body. Snout pointed and protruding beyond mouth slit. Head longer than broad (HW 32-37% SVL; HL 34-40% SVL). Tympanum round and distinct (TYD 6-8% SVL). Hind legs very long (TL 58-67% SVL). Webbing moderate; webbing formula: I 0 – 2 II 0 – 2 III 1 – 2 IV 1 ½ – 0 V. Back with fine, vaguely defined glandular folds; finely granular skin on back and sides, belly smooth.
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. — The dorsal colouration is uniformly reddish or beige in living individuals, getting whitish on preserved specimens. There is a black band from the tip of the snout to the shoulder, passing over the eardrum. Dorsal ridges are present, but very narrow and inconspicuous. The dorsal parts of the thigh and leg is also uniform (reddish).
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. — The males have a pair of vocal sacs, openings on both sides of the throat with external openings extending to arm insertion, and nuptial pads on first to third fingers.
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. — This species is characteristic of wooded and humid savannahs. It is common especially in ecological zone II (Fazao and Koui), in the northern part of zone IV (Assoukoko and Yégué), and in the southern part of ecological zone I (Kanté). This species has been reported in
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by
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and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAAFFFCAADCF871FE75F82B" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; BOWESSIDJAOU J. E. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A." box="[175,410,1996,2020]" pageId="30" pageNumber="659" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref38374" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., BOWESSIDJAOU J. E., DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A. 2007. - Les Amphibiens du Togo: etat actuel des connaissances. Alytes 24 (1 - 4): 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2007">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAAFFFCAB58F870FEB5F82B" box="[299,346,1996,2020]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="659">et al.</emphasis>
(2007
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,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAAFFFCABD4F871FE34F82B" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[423,475,1996,2020]" pageId="30" pageNumber="659" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
).
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAAFFFCA9D9F9EFFB99F9A2" bold="true" box="[938,1142,1618,1645]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="659">Aubria subsigillata</emphasis>
(Duméril, 1856)
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)
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. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAAFFFCAE4BF910FB82F90A" box="[1080,1133,1709,1733]" name="Togo" pageId="30" pageNumber="659">Togo</collectingCountry>
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•
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,
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; Kovié; MNHN- RA-1989.2047, MNHN-RA-1989.2049, MNHN-RA-1989.2050, MNHN-RA-1989.2052-2055, MNHN-RA-1989.1465, MNHN- RA-1989.1466, MNHN-RA-1989.2056, MNHN-RA-1989.4054, MNHN-RA-1989.4056, MNHN-RA-1989.4057, MNHN- RA-1993.1462-1464, MNHN-RA-1993.1467-1469, MNHN- RA-1993.1471.
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. — Very large frog (SVL
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,
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), with an elongated and robust body. Snout rounded, ogival. Head longer than broad (HW 32-35% SVL; HL 36-41% SVL). Tympanum round and distinct (TYD 5-7% SVL). Hind legs short (TL 36-42% SVL). Webbing moderate, leaving more than phalanges free; palmar webbing: I 1 – 1 ½ II 1 – 2 III 1 ½ – 2 ½ IV 2 ½ – 1 V. Toe tips pointed. Skin smooth on the back and on the flanks with very fine glandular warts; presence of rounded femoral glands on the ventral surface of the thighs.
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. — Dorsal colouration is uniform, brown to grayish with dark spots barely visible on live specimens. The flanks are light brown to grayish with whitish round spots. The ventral side has this pattern but is clearer.
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. — It is not very marked. Adult females have round femoral glands on the lower side of thighs.
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. — In
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this species is only known from the Kovié region in ecological zone V, although it is distributed throughout the coastal western and central African subregions (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFABFFFDA8BEFD24FF58FD04" author="OHLER A." pageId="31" pageNumber="660" pagination="141 - 166" refId="ref36549" refString="OHLER A. 1996. - Systematics, morphometrics and biogeography of the genus Aubria (Ranidae, Pyxicephalinae). Alytes 13 (4): 141 - 166." type="journal article" year="1996">Ohler 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFABFFFDAAB0FD0EFE55FD04" author="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[195,442,691,715]" pageId="31" pageNumber="660" refId="ref33292" refString="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2019. - Field guide to the frogs and other amphibians of Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 408 p." type="book" year="2019">Channing &amp; Rödel 2019</bibRefCitation>
). The species has been reported in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFABFFFDAAF7FD73FF5BFD29" box="[132,180,718,742]" name="Togo" pageId="31" pageNumber="660">Togo</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFABFFFDAAA0FD73FE8BFD29" author="BOURGAT R." box="[211,356,718,742]" pageId="31" pageNumber="660" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFABFFFDAB1DFD73FE35FD29" author="KULO S. - D." box="[366,474,718,742]" pageId="31" pageNumber="660" refId="ref35557" refString="KULO S. - D. 1980. - Mode de transmission des Trematodes au Togo. Doctoral thesis, Universite de Perpignan, 165 p." type="book" year="1980">Kulo (1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFABFFFDAB97FD73FDF9FD29" author="KULO S. - D." box="[484,534,718,742]" pageId="31" pageNumber="660" pagination="177 - 181" refId="ref35584" refString="KULO S. - D. 1981. - Presence au Togo de Metapolystoma cachani (Gallien, 1957) Combes, 1976 (Monogena) chez l'Amphibien Ptychadena longirostris (Peters, 1870). Bulletin de la Societe zoolologique de France 106: 177 - 181." type="journal article" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFABFFFDA854FD73FCEEFD29" author="OHLER A. &amp; KAZADI M." box="[551,769,718,742]" pageId="31" pageNumber="660" pagination="25 - 40" refId="ref36623" refString="OHLER A. &amp; KAZADI M. 1989. - Description d'une nouvelle espece du genre Aubria Boulenger, 1917 (Amphibiens, Anoures) et redescription du type d' Aubria subsigillata (A. Dumeril, 1856). Alytes 8: 25 - 40." type="journal article" year="1989">Ohler &amp; Kazadi (1989)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFABFFFDAAF7FD55FEE8FCCF" author="OHLER A." box="[132,263,744,768]" pageId="31" pageNumber="660" pagination="141 - 166" refId="ref36549" refString="OHLER A. 1996. - Systematics, morphometrics and biogeography of the genus Aubria (Ranidae, Pyxicephalinae). Alytes 13 (4): 141 - 166." type="journal article" year="1996">Ohler (1996)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFABFFFDAB44FD55FDC5FCCF" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; BOWESSIDJAOU J. E. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A." box="[311,554,744,768]" pageId="31" pageNumber="660" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref38374" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., BOWESSIDJAOU J. E., DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A. 2007. - Les Amphibiens du Togo: etat actuel des connaissances. Alytes 24 (1 - 4): 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2007">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFABFFFDABC0FD54FE0DFCCF" box="[435,482,744,768]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="660">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
. The Togolese habitats of this species are currently degraded because of the exploitation of the Zio basin for agriculture, seriously threatening the survival of this species in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFABFFFDAB7CFC85FEABFC9F" box="[271,324,824,848]" name="Togo" pageId="31" pageNumber="660">Togo</collectingCountry>
.
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFABFFFDA9EEF9EFFAD0F9A2" ID-CoL="3FTNB" authority="(Dumeril, 1859)" authorityName="Agou" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[925,1343,1618,1645]" class="Amphibia" family="Dermophiidae" genus="Geotrypetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="31" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seraphini">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFABFFFDA9EEF9EFFB6CF9A2" bold="true" box="[925,1155,1618,1645]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="660">Geotrypetes seraphini</emphasis>
(Duméril, 1859)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFABFFFDAE44F9CFFB4BF943" blockId="31.[925,1343,1618,1676]" box="[1079,1188,1650,1676]" pageId="31" pageNumber="660">
(
<figureCitation id="13632A37FFABFFFDAE4CF9CFFB73F943" box="[1087,1180,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[132,143,1737,1755]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1695]" captionTargetId="figure-222@32.[698,1267,775,1337]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 13. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life: A, Ptychadena pumilio (Boulenger, 1920) (Mango); B, Ptychadena tellinii (Peracca, 1904) (Koui); C, Aubria subsigillata (Duméril,1856) (Kovié);D, Hylarana galamensis (Duméril &amp; Bibron,1841) (Avévé);E, Hylarana parva (Griesbaum, Jongsma, Penner,Kouamé, Doumbia, Gonwouo, Hillers, Glos, Blackburn &amp; RÖdel, 2023) (Diguengue); F, Geotrypetes seraphini (Duméril, 1859) (Agou)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13907188" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13907188/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="660">Fig. 13F</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3426539FFABFFFDA95EF917FB82F939" pageId="31" pageNumber="660" type="materials_examined">
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. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFABFFFDAE5AF914FBB3F90E" box="[1065,1116,1705,1729]" name="Togo" pageId="31" pageNumber="660">Togo</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
• 23 unknown sex; Agou; MNHN- RA-2008.0144-0152, Coll. GHS-W 1326-1339 • 1 individual; Sodo Zion; Coll. GHS-W 1340.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFABFFC2A95EF8B1FE8EF824" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="661" pageId="31" pageNumber="660" type="description">
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. — Amphibians without legs and with serpentine body; total length of body
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. Head quite distinct from the neck, which is materialized in the form of a ring. Snout rounded, eyes and nostrils round. Body with
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFABFFFDAEFFF8E1FB04F8BB" box="[1164,1259,1884,1908]" count="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="660" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
of rings: 94 to 101 primary rings and 40 to 48 secondary rings.
</paragraph>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFABFFFDA95EF819FC51F875" baselines="1974,1974" box="[813,958,1956,1980]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Colouration" pageId="31" pageNumber="660">COLOURATION</smallCapsWord>
. — The colouration is black or dark; the rings are whitish. The top of the head appears brown with darker orbital regions. The chin is brown.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE736B2FF94FFC2AAF7F974FB93F8C6" blockId="32.[132,1457,1737,1801]" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">
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. 13. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life:
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FF94FFC2A8E4F974FD4BF914" bold="true" box="[663,676,1737,1755]" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">A</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FF94FFC2A8DDF974FBD8F914" authority="(Boulenger, 1920) (Mango)" authorityName="Mango" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[686,1079,1737,1755]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="661" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilio">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FF94FFC2A8DDF974FCBDF914" box="[686,850,1737,1755]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">Ptychadena pumilio</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1920) (Mango)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FF94FFC2AE4DF974FBA4F914" bold="true" box="[1086,1099,1737,1755]" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">B</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FF94FFC2AE25F974FA42F914" authority="(Peracca, 1904) (Koui)" authorityName="Koui" baseAuthorityName="Peracca" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[1110,1453,1737,1755]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="661" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tellinii">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FF94FFC2AE25F974FB02F914" box="[1110,1261,1737,1755]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">Ptychadena tellinii</emphasis>
(Peracca, 1904) (Koui)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FF94FFC2AAF7F95DFF7DF93D" bold="true" box="[132,146,1760,1778]" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">C</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FF94FFC2AAEFF95DFE1DF93D" authority="(Dumeril, 1856) (Kovie)" authorityName="Kovie" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[156,498,1760,1778]" class="Amphibia" family="Pyxicephalidae" genus="Aubria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="661" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subsigillata">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FF94FFC2AAEFF95DFEDDF93D" box="[156,306,1760,1778]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">Aubria subsigillata</emphasis>
(Duméril,1856) (Kovié)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FF94FFC2AB8BF95DFDE9F93D" bold="true" box="[504,518,1760,1778]" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">D</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FF94FFC2A863F95DFC28F93D" authority="(Dumeril &amp; Bibron, 1841) (Aveve)" authorityName="Aveve" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[528,967,1760,1778]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="661" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galamensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FF94FFC2A863F95DFD56F93D" box="[528,697,1760,1778]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">Hylarana galamensis</emphasis>
(Duméril &amp; Bibron,1841) (Avévé)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FF94FFC2A9BDF95DFC35F93D" bold="true" box="[974,986,1760,1778]" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">E</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FF94FFC2A997F95DFBB1F93D" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[996,1118,1760,1778]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="32" pageNumber="661" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FF94FFC2A997F95DFBB1F93D" box="[996,1118,1760,1778]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">Hylarana parva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FF94FFC2AE15F95DFD9AF8C6" author="GRIESBAUM F. &amp; JONGSMA G. F. M. &amp; PENNER J. &amp; KOUAME N. G. &amp; DOUMBIA J. &amp; GONWOUO N. L. &amp; HILLERS A. &amp; GLOS J. &amp; BLACKBURN D. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O." pageId="32" pageNumber="661" pagination="301 - 339" refId="ref34330" refString="GRIESBAUM F., JONGSMA G. F. M., PENNER J., KOUAME N. G., DOUMBIA J., GONWOUO N. L., HILLERS A., GLOS J., BLACKBURN D. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2023. - The smallest of its kind: description of a new cryptic Amnirana species (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) from West African rainforests. Zootaxa 5234 (3): 301 - 339. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5254.3.1" type="journal article" year="2023">Griesbaum, Jongsma, Penner,Kouamé, Doumbia, Gonwouo, Hillers, Glos, Blackburn &amp; RÖdel, 2023</bibRefCitation>
) (Diguengue);
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FF94FFC2A89FF94AFD18F8C6" bold="true" box="[748,759,1783,1801]" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">F</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FF94FFC2A971F94AFB96F8C6" authority="(Dumeril, 1859) (Agou)" authorityName="Agou" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[770,1145,1783,1801]" class="Amphibia" family="Dermophiidae" genus="Geotrypetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="32" pageNumber="661" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seraphini">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FF94FFC2A971F94AFC57F8C6" box="[770,952,1783,1801]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">Geotrypetes seraphini</emphasis>
(Duméril, 1859) (Agou)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FF94FFC2AAF7F8FDFE17F898" blockId="32.[132,775,1855,2027]" box="[132,504,1855,1880]" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFF94FFC2AAA0F8F8FEBFF899" baselines="1874" box="[211,336,1861,1878]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="dimorphism" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">DIMORPHISM</smallCapsWord>
. —
<collectingRegion id="499CF850FF94FFC2AB0FF8FDFE4CF898" box="[380,419,1856,1879]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">Not</collectingRegion>
studied.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FF94FFC2AAF7F8D4FE8EF824" blockId="32.[132,775,1855,2027]" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">
HABITATS AND DISTRIBUTION. —
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FF94FFC2ABA4F8D7FDBDF84E" bold="true" box="[471,594,1897,1922]" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">First record.</emphasis>
This species is essentially found in forests. The explorations were carried out in the forest zone (Agou, Yo and Sodo Zion).
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FF94FFC2A877F823FD27F879" authorityName="Agou" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[516,712,1950,1974]" class="Amphibia" family="Dermophiidae" genus="Geotrypetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="32" pageNumber="661" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seraphini">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FF94FFC2A877F823FD27F879" box="[516,712,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">Geotrypetes seraphini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is fossorial and can only be observed above ground during rain, or when digging in the ground.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FF94FFC2A95EF8F2FBD5F824" pageId="32" pageNumber="661" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FF94FFC2A95EF8F2FBD5F824" blockId="32.[813,1456,1870,2027]" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFF94FFC2A95EF8F2FC91F8AA" baselines="1888,1889" box="[813,894,1871,1894]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Remark" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">REMARK</smallCapsWord>
. — The number of secondary rings of the specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FF94FFC2A95EF8D4FCB0F84E" box="[813,863,1897,1921]" name="Togo" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">Togo</collectingCountry>
falls into the range given by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FF94FFC2AE05F8D4FB11F84E" author="TAYLOR E. H." box="[1142,1278,1897,1921]" pageId="32" pageNumber="661" refId="ref38860" refString="TAYLOR E. H. 1968. - The Caecilians of the world: A taxonomic review. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, 848 p." type="book" year="1968">Taylor (1968)</bibRefCitation>
for the subspecies
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FF94FFC2A95EF839FC11F854" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[813,1022,1923,1947]" class="Amphibia" family="Dermophiidae" genus="Geotrypetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnophiona" pageId="32" pageNumber="661" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="seraphini" subSpecies="seraphini">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FF94FFC2A95EF839FC11F854" box="[813,1022,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">G. seraphini seraphini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The presence of this species in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FF94FFC2AF4CF839FA9EF853" box="[1343,1393,1924,1948]" name="Togo" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">Togo</collectingCountry>
closes the distributional gap between the two subspecies (the western one is
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FF94FFC2A932F804FC33F81F" box="[833,988,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="661">G. s. occidentalis</emphasis>
). Molecular data would be necessary to evaluate the status of the subspecies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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. —
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; Kloto; MNHN- RA-1979.7130-7142 •
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; Nangbéto; MNHN-RA-2006.2161 •
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; N’Gambi; MNHN-RA-2006.2162 •
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; Toglekope; MNHN- RA-2006.2159-2164.
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. — Large frog (SVL
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), with an elongate, robust body. Snout rounded. Head roughly as long as broad (HW 29-38% SVL; HL 33-45% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 7-9% SVL). Hind legs moderately long (TL 40-50% SVL). Webbing small leaving three phalanges free; webbing formula: I 2 – 2 ½ II 1 – 3 III 1 – 3 IV 3 - 1 ½ V. Toe tips pointed. Skin of head and anterior part of back smooth; posterior part of the back and flanks with smooth glandular warts; chest and belly smooth.
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. — The back and sides are olive-gray with creamy white dorsolateral folds. The white band on upper lips continues as a white glandular ridge ending in the inguinal region. The flanks show gray and whitish spots of irregular shapes. The ventral side is white.
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. — The male of the species is distinguished by two vocal sacs on either side of the throat and the presence of the bulging humeral glands.
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. — This species occurs in savannahs, but can also be found in the forest zone. It has been observed in all ecological zones of the country. It is more frequent in the Fazao and Bassar regions and along the Zio and Haho basins in the south. The presence of the species in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFABFFFDA8DBF838FD32F852" box="[680,733,1925,1949]" name="Togo" pageId="31" pageNumber="660">Togo</collectingCountry>
has been reported by
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, in the monograph on biodiversity in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFABFFFDAB6EF807FEBDF81D" box="[285,338,1978,2002]" name="Togo" pageId="31" pageNumber="660">Togo</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFABFFFDAB13F807FE0FF81D" author="PNAE" box="[352,480,1978,2002]" pageId="31" pageNumber="660" refId="ref36882" refString="PNAE 2002. - Monographie nationale sur la diversite biologique. Rapport integral, MER ̿ - Togo, 172 p." type="book" year="2002">PNAE 2002</bibRefCitation>
),
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and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFABFFFDAAF7F869FEBEF823" author="LEACHE A. D. &amp; RODEL M. - O. &amp; LINKEM C. W. &amp; DIAZ R. E. &amp; HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K." box="[132,337,2004,2028]" pageId="31" pageNumber="660" pagination="22 - 45" refId="ref36129" refString="LEACHE A. D., RODEL M. - O., LINKEM C. W., DIAZ R. E., HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K. 2006. - Biodiversity in a forest island: reptiles and amphibians of the West African Togo hills. Amphibian &amp; Reptile Conservation 4: 22 - 45. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 51145036" type="journal article" year="2006">
Leaché
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFABFFFDAAA0F868FEEBF823" box="[211,260,2004,2028]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="660">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFABFFFDA9EBFF6AFBAAFF3D" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[920,1093,215,242]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="660" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parva">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFABFFFDA9EBFF6AFBAAFF3D" bold="true" box="[920,1093,215,242]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="660">Hylarana parva</emphasis>
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFABFFFDAE28FF6AFAABFF3D" author="GRIESBAUM F. &amp; JONGSMA G. F. M. &amp; PENNER J. &amp; KOUAME N. G. &amp; DOUMBIA J. &amp; GONWOUO N. L. &amp; HILLERS A. &amp; GLOS J. &amp; BLACKBURN D. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[1115,1348,215,242]" pageId="31" pageNumber="660" pagination="301 - 339" refId="ref34330" refString="GRIESBAUM F., JONGSMA G. F. M., PENNER J., KOUAME N. G., DOUMBIA J., GONWOUO N. L., HILLERS A., GLOS J., BLACKBURN D. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2023. - The smallest of its kind: description of a new cryptic Amnirana species (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae) from West African rainforests. Zootaxa 5234 (3): 301 - 339. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5254.3.1" type="journal article" year="2023">Griesbaum, Jongsma,</bibRefCitation>
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<treatment id="03F187A4FFADFFF8A9FBFC69FCE9FD15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFADFFF8A9FBFC69FCE9FD15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F187A4FFADFFF8A9FBFC69FCE9FD15" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="655" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFADFFFBA9FBFC69FABBFC20" box="[904,1364,980,1007]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFADFFFBA9FBFC69FABBFC20" blockId="25.[904,1364,980,1039]" box="[904,1364,980,1007]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
<heading id="D0AF81DEFFADFFFBA9FBFC69FABBFC20" box="[904,1364,980,1007]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFADFFFBA9FBFC69FABBFC20" ID-CoL="77DNS" authority="(Gunther, 1849)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[904,1364,980,1007]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plicatus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFADFFFBA9FBFC69FB75FC20" bold="true" box="[904,1178,980,1007]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">Phrynobatrachus plicatus</emphasis>
(Günther, 1849)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFADFFFBAE4AFC49FB4DFBC0" box="[1081,1186,1012,1039]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFADFFFBAE4AFC49FB4DFBC0" blockId="25.[904,1364,980,1039]" box="[1081,1186,1012,1039]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
(
<figureCitation id="13632A37FFADFFFBAE32FC49FB79FBC1" box="[1089,1174,1012,1038]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-79@24.[698,1267,766,1320]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 11. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life: A, Phrynobatrachus calcaratus (Peters, 1863) (Kalaré); B, Phrynobatrachus francisci Boulenger, 1912 (Mango); C, Phrynobatrachus gutturosus (Chabanaud, 1921) (Assoukoko); D, Phrynobatrachus latifrons (Ahl, 1924) (Akloa); E, Phrynobatrachus natalensis (Smith, 1849) (Koui); F, Phrynobatrachus plicatus (Günther, 1859) (Assoukoko)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13907178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13907178/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">Fig. 11f</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFADFFF8A95EFB8EFCE9FD15" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="655" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFADFFFBA95EFB8EFBEEFBAA" blockId="25.[813,1455,1075,1125]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFADFFFBA95EFB8EFC78FB86" baselines="1092,1093" box="[813,919,1075,1098]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFADFFFBA9D2FB85FBE3FB86" baselines="1093" box="[929,1036,1080,1097]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="examined" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
. —
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFADFFFBAE31FB8EFB97FB84" bold="true" box="[1090,1144,1075,1099]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFADFFFBAE31FB8EFB97FB84" box="[1090,1144,1075,1099]" name="Togo" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">Togo</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBAEE5FB8EFB2EFB81" box="[1174,1217,1075,1102]" count="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBAEA0FB8EFB13FB81" box="[1235,1276,1075,1102]" count="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
; Tové; MNHN- RA-1994.4449-4456.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFADFFFBA95EFB3FFC29FA47" blockId="25.[813,1455,1154,1522]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFADFFFBA95EFB3FFC42FB56" baselines="1172,1173" box="[813,941,1154,1178]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Additional" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">ADDITIONAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFADFFFBA9C6FB35FBF8FB56" baselines="1173" box="[949,1047,1160,1177]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="material" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
. —
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFADFFFBAE3AFB39FB3CFB53" bold="true" box="[1097,1235,1156,1180]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFADFFFBAE3AFB39FB3CFB53" box="[1097,1235,1156,1180]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBAE9DFB3FFACAFB52" box="[1262,1317,1154,1181]" count="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="male">14 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBAF46FB3FFA85FB52" box="[1333,1386,1154,1181]" count="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="female">19 ♀</specimenCount>
; Lamto; MNHN-RA-1979.6520, MNHN-RA-1979.6529, MNHN- RA-1979.6530, MNHN-RA-1979.6542, MNHN-RA-1979.6547, MNHN-RA-1979.6567, MNHN-RA-1979.6569-6577, MNHN- RA-1979.6591, MNHN-RA-1979.6593, MNHN-RA-1979.6602, MNHN-RA-1979.6605, MNHN-RA-1979.6634, MNHN- RA-1979.6635, MNHN-RA-1979.6640-6642, MNHN- RA-1979.6663, MNHN-RA-1979.6668, MNHN-RA-1979.6670, MNHN-RA-1979.6672-6676, MNHN-RA-1993.2686, MNHN- RA-1993.2689.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFADFFFBA95EFA31FB17FA72" blockId="25.[813,1455,1154,1522]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFADFFFBA95EFA31FB1EFA72" country="Guinea-Bissau" location="Guinea" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFADFFFBA95EFA31FC99FA6B" bold="true" box="[813,886,1420,1444]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFADFFFBA95EFA31FC99FA6B" box="[813,886,1420,1444]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">Guinea</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBA9F8FA36FC5DFA69" box="[907,946,1419,1446]" count="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
; MNHN-RA-1944.0078, MNHN-RA-1944.0079, MNHN-RA-1952.86, MNHN-RA-1952.147
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFADFFFBA95EFA7CFB2DFA3E" blockId="25.[813,1455,1154,1522]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFADFFFBA95EFA7CFB53FA3D" country="Liberia" location="Nimba" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Nimba">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFADFFFBA95EFA7CFC9AFA16" bold="true" box="[813,885,1473,1497]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFADFFFBA95EFA7CFC9AFA16" box="[813,885,1473,1497]" name="Liberia" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">Liberia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBA9FCFA7DFC57FA14" box="[911,952,1472,1499]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBA9B4FA7DFC01FA14" box="[967,1006,1472,1499]" count="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="499CF850FFADFFFBA98FFA7DFBABFA17" box="[1020,1092,1472,1496]" country="Liberia" name="Nimba" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">Nimba</collectingRegion>
; MNHN-RA-1995.5778, MNHN- RA-1995.5796, MNHN-RA-1995.5797
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFADFFFBA95EF9B2FBECF8AB" blockId="25.[811,1456,1551,1892]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
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. — Medium sized (SVL 22.5-35.0 mm
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBAF25F9AEFA85F9E5" box="[1366,1386,1555,1578]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CA09B57FFADFFFBAF0AF9B2FC6CF98E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3049999999999997" metricValueMax="4.07" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" unit="mm" value="33.05" valueMax="40.7" valueMin="25.4">25.4- 40.7 mm</quantity>
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBA9FBF993FC76F98A" box="[904,921,1582,1605]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
), slender-looking species. Snout obtuse, barely exceeding mouth slit. Head massive, longer than broad (HW 27-40% SVL; HL 33-46%
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFADFFFBA9F3F9E3FC5FF9B9" box="[896,944,1630,1654]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">SVL</collectionCode>
). Tympanum distinct (TYD 5-8%
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFADFFFBAF72F9E3FADEF9B9" box="[1281,1329,1630,1654]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">SVL</collectionCode>
). Shank long (TL 43-72%
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFADFFFBA9DCF9C4FC30F95E" box="[943,991,1657,1681]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">SVL</collectionCode>
). Webbing small with three phalanges free; webbing formula: I 1 – 2
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFADFFFBA98DF929FBE0F964" box="[1022,1039,1684,1707]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">II</collectionCode>
1 – 2 ½
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFADFFFBAE15F929FB6FF964" box="[1126,1152,1684,1707]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">III</collectionCode>
2 – 3
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFADFFFBAECEF929FB38F964" box="[1213,1239,1684,1707]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">IV</collectionCode>
3 – 2 V. Upper snout, loreal region, interorbital space, flanks and back slightly shagreen; back marked by two glandular folds from the eyelids, converging towards the scapular region, then moving externally before ending in the sacral region; some spinules on the flanks and posteriorly in the dorsal region; distinct supratympanic fold; dorsal sides of the forearm, tarsus, tibia and thigh finely granular; throat smooth in females and juveniles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFADFFF8A95EF83CFEAFFEF1" blockId="25.[813,1455,1921,2025]" lastBlockId="26.[132,775,215,318]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="655" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">
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. — The general colouration of the back is brownish or brownish gray. The loreal and tympanic region are dark brown to black. The dorsal parts of forearm, tarsus, tibia and thigh have dark and light transverse bars. The dorsal side of the tarsus is usually black in colour. The back side of the thigh has dark and light longitudinal bands. The chest, belly and ventral side of the thigh are whitish. The throat and chest have small cloudy spots intensely coloured in brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFAEFFF8AAF7FEEBFCE9FE17" blockId="26.[130,776,342,472]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFAEFFF8AAF7FEEBFF22FEA3" baselines="360,360" box="[132,205,342,366]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Sexual" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">SEXUAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFAEFFF8AAA7FEE6FEBEFEA3" baselines="360" box="[212,337,347,364]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="dimorphism" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">DIMORPHISM</smallCapsWord>
. — The males are smaller than the females. They have a subgular vocal sac marked by longitudinal glandular gular folds, intensely pigmented, giving the appearance of a black colouration on the throat and chest. Nuptial pads are very prominent and occupy the dorsal and inner sides of the thumb and prepollex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFAEFFF8AAF7FE4DFCE9FD15" blockId="26.[131,777,495,731]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFAEFFF8AAF7FE4DFF0AFDC9" baselines="513,514" box="[132,229,496,519]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Habitats" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">HABITATS</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFAEFFF8AB64FE48FE70FDC9" baselines="514" box="[279,415,501,518]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
. —
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFAEFFF8ABBBFE52FD5FFDC8" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[456,688,495,519]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="655" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plicatus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAEFFF8ABBBFE52FD5FFDC8" box="[456,688,495,519]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">Phrynobatrachus plicatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a West African forest species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAEFFF8AB12FDB7FDE1FDED" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; OFORI-BOATENG C. &amp; PENNER J. &amp; HILLERS A." box="[353,526,522,546]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655" pagination="52 - 63" refId="ref37879" refString="RODEL M. - O., OFORI-BOATENG C., PENNER J. &amp; HILLERS A. 2009. - A new cryptic Phrynobatrachus species (Amphibia: Anura: Phrynobatrachidae) from Ghana, West Africa. Zootaxa 1970 (1): 52 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1970.1.2" type="journal article" year="2009">
Rödel
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAEFFF8ABD0FDB6FE3BFDED" box="[419,468,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
). Its distribution extends from
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAEFFF8AACDFD99FEE9FDF3" box="[190,262,548,572]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">Guinea</collectingCountry>
to western
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAEFFF8AB0DFD99FE28FDF3" box="[382,455,548,572]" name="Nigeria" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAEFFF8ABA4FD99FD3AFDF3" author="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[471,725,548,572]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655" refId="ref33292" refString="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2019. - Field guide to the frogs and other amphibians of Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 408 p." type="book" year="2019">Channing &amp; Rödel 2019</bibRefCitation>
). All specimens examined were collected in the forest zone of
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAEFFF8A8E5FD82FD28FD98" box="[662,711,575,599]" name="Togo" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">Togo</collectingCountry>
(Tové, ecological zone
<collectionCode id="ED49AE77FFAEFFF8AB6AFDE4FED8FDBE" box="[281,311,601,625]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">IV</collectionCode>
). The collection areas of the species in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAEFFF8A8D2FDE7FD3CFDBD" box="[673,723,602,626]" name="Togo" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">Togo</collectingCountry>
published by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAEFFF8AA91FDC9FE06FD43" author="LAMOTTE M. &amp; XAVIER F." box="[226,489,628,652]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655" pagination="1605 - 1619" refId="ref36007" refString="LAMOTTE M. &amp; XAVIER F. 1966 b. - Etude comparee de deux especes de Phrynobatrachus souvent confondues: Phrynobatrachus plicatus Gunther et Phrynibatracus auritus Boulenger. Bulletin de l'Institut francais d'Afrique noire (A) 28 (1): 1605 - 1619." type="journal article" year="1966">Lamotte &amp; Xavier (1966b)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAEFFF8AB85FDC9FD73FD43" author="LAMOTTE M." box="[502,668,628,652]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655" pagination="218 - 294" refId="ref35716" refString="LAMOTTE M. 1967 a. - Les Batraciens de la region de Gpakobo (Cote d'Ivoire). Bulletin de l'Institut francais d'Afrique noire (A) 29: 218 - 294." type="journal article" year="1967">Lamotte (1967a)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAEFFF8A8BEFDC9FF10FD69" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; GIL M. &amp; AGYEI A. C. &amp; LEACHE A. D. &amp; DIAZ R. E. &amp; FUJITA M. K. &amp; ERNST R." pageId="26" pageNumber="655" pagination="107 - 127" refId="ref37762" refString="RODEL M. - O., GIL M., AGYEI A. C., LEACHE A. D., DIAZ R. E., FUJITA M. K. &amp; ERNST R. 2005. - The amphibians of the forested parts of south-western Ghana. Salamandra 41: 107 - 127." type="journal article" year="2005">
Rödel
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAEFFF8AAF7FD32FF5AFD69" box="[132,181,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">et al.</emphasis>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
agree with this habitat characterisation. This species has further been reported in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAEFFF8ABECFD14FE3EFD0E" box="[415,465,681,705]" name="Togo" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">Togo</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAEFFF8AB85FD14FCEFFD0F" author="LAMOTTE M. &amp; XAVIER F." box="[502,768,680,705]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655" pagination="1605 - 1619" refId="ref36007" refString="LAMOTTE M. &amp; XAVIER F. 1966 b. - Etude comparee de deux especes de Phrynobatrachus souvent confondues: Phrynobatrachus plicatus Gunther et Phrynibatracus auritus Boulenger. Bulletin de l'Institut francais d'Afrique noire (A) 28 (1): 1605 - 1619." type="journal article" year="1966">Lamotte &amp; Xavier (1966b)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAEFFF8AAF7FD7EFEF5FD14" author="BOURGAT R." box="[132,282,707,731]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAEFFF8AB55FD7EFDF9FD14" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; BOWESSIDJAOU J. E. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A." box="[294,534,707,731]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref38374" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., BOWESSIDJAOU J. E., DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A. 2007. - Les Amphibiens du Togo: etat actuel des connaissances. Alytes 24 (1 - 4): 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2007">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAEFFF8ABD2FD79FE20FD14" box="[417,463,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAEFFF8A836FD7EFCEFFD14" author="HILLERS A. &amp; BOATENG C. O. &amp; SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[581,768,707,731]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref34638" refString="HILLERS A., BOATENG C. O., SEGNIAGBETO G. H., AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2009. - The amphibians in the forests of southern Ghana and western Togo. Zoosystematics and Evolution 85 (1): 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / zoos. 200800019" type="journal article" year="2009">
Hillers
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAEFFF8A8F8FD79FD56FD14" box="[651,697,707,731]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
.
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</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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189
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<mods:title id="8BF77A36F22B22D8B4B61E13F0EB4C08">Amphibians of Togo: taxonomy, distribution and conservation status</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFADFFFBAB42FA0FFDB5FA02" bold="true" box="[305,602,1458,1485]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">Phrynobatrachus natalensis</emphasis>
(Smith, 1849)
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. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFADFFFBABE1F992FE28F988" box="[402,455,1583,1607]" name="Togo" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">Togo</collectingCountry>
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•
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,
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; Alédjo; MNHN- RA-2008.0158-0162 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBABE1F9F4FE2FF9AB" box="[402,448,1609,1636]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
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; Aou Losso; MNHN- RA-2008.0197, MNHN-RA-2008.0198 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBA827F9DEFD90F9B0" box="[596,639,1635,1663]" count="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="male">6 ♂</specimenCount>
,
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; Koui; MNHN-RA-2008.0163-0170 •
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFADFFFBABC2F9C3FE00F97E" location="Klonou" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2">
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBABC2F9C3FE3AF956" box="[433,469,1662,1689]" count="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
,
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;
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; MRAC B-104266, MRAC B-104267, MRAC B-104271
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•
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,
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;
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(sur la route
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); MRAC B-104324-B-104327
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.
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. —
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RD
<collectingRegion id="499CF850FFADFFFBABC0F95AFE18F930" box="[435,503,1767,1791]" country="Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">Congo</collectingRegion>
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•
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,
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; Kaziaba; MRAC B-71720, MRAC B-71722-71725.
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. — Frog of medium size (SVL
<quantity id="4CA09B57FFADFFFBA823F88EFD0CF885" box="[592,739,1843,1867]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.825" metricValueMax="3.11" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" unit="mm" value="28.25" valueMax="31.1" valueMin="25.4">25.4-31.1 mm</quantity>
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBA89FF88AFCEFF881" box="[748,768,1847,1870]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
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<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFADFFFBAB6DF8ECFEC0F8A7" box="[286,303,1873,1896]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
), with a stocky body. Snout short, oval, barely exceeding mouth slit. Head massive, as long as broad (HW 30-45% SVL; HL%30-41% SVL).Tympanum distinct (TYD 6-10% SVL). Hind leg rather long (TL 44-56% SVL). Webbing small, leaving three phalanges free; webbing formula: I 1 – 2 II 1 – 3 III 2 – 3 IV 3 – 2 V. Back with distinctly protruding warts; flanks with small glandular warts; distinct supratympanic fold, from the posterior end of the eye to the shoulder; dorsal parts of forearm, tarsus and shank shagreen, that of thigh bearing numerous glandular granules; ventral and posterior sides of the thighs shagreen; throat, chest and belly smooth.
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. — The general colouration of the back is brown (dark brown when stored in alcohol) or grayish, more or less dark. In some specimens, spinules give the appearance of dark and light spots of irregular shape. The dorsal parts of forearm, tarsus, tibia and thigh have dark and light transverse bars. The rear side of the thigh is marbled with dark and light longitudinal bands of approximately the same size. The chest, belly and ventral side of the thigh are whitish. The throat is white with some brown spots in females and juveniles.
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. — The males are smaller than the females and have a subgular vocal sac marked by longitudinal gular folds, heavily pigmented, thus showing a dark gray or black colour.
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. —
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFADFFFBAE09FD03FA97FD19" authorityName="Koui" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[1146,1400,702,726]" class="Amphibia" family="Phrynobatrachidae" genus="Phrynobatrachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="natalensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFADFFFBAE09FD03FA97FD19" box="[1146,1400,702,726]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">Phrynobatrachus natalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is essentially a Guinean savannah species. It is also associated with dense dry forest and open forest ecosystems characteristic of ecological zone II. The species is relatively common in the Koui region and in the Alédjo forest. It is found especially near ponds, small swamps, and small rivers in savannah in the rainy season. The species has been reported in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFADFFFBA9A9FCE0FBE3FCBA" box="[986,1036,861,885]" name="Togo" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">Togo</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFADFFFBAE47FCE0FB21FCBA" author="BOURGAT R." box="[1076,1230,861,885]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFADFFFBAF70FCE1FC87FC40" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; BOWESSIDJAOU J. E. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A." pageId="25" pageNumber="654" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref38374" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., BOWESSIDJAOU J. E., DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A. 2007. - Les Amphibiens du Togo: etat actuel des connaissances. Alytes 24 (1 - 4): 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2007">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFADFFFBAF0CFCE0FA5FFCBB" box="[1407,1456,860,884]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="654">et al.</emphasis>
(2007
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFADFFFBA907FCCAFC47FC40" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[884,936,887,911]" pageId="25" pageNumber="654" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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139
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<mods:title id="461827AE283BC81231F83BB2CE791401">Amphibians of Togo: taxonomy, distribution and conservation status</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFAEFFF8A9B0FC48FAF6FBC1" ID-CoL="5CBCN" authority="(Gray, 1864)" authorityName="Agote" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[963,1305,1012,1039]" class="Amphibia" family="Pipidae" genus="Xenopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="655" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAEFFF8A9B0FC48FB68FBC0" bold="true" box="[963,1159,1012,1039]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">Xenopus tropicalis</emphasis>
(Gray, 1864)
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<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFAEFFF8AE46FBA9FB49FBE1" blockId="26.[963,1305,1012,1070]" box="[1077,1190,1044,1070]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">
(
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)
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<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFAEFFF8A9D1FBEAFBE2FBA7" baselines="1124" box="[930,1037,1111,1128]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="examined" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAEFFF8AE37FBECFB95FBA6" box="[1092,1146,1105,1129]" name="Togo" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">Togo</collectingCountry>
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•
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; Agoté; MNHN-RA-2006.2172-2175.
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. — Medium to large frog (SVL
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), with flattened body. Snout rounded. Head very small, wider than long (HW 26-29% SVL; HL 21-26% SVL). Very small eyes and eyelids (EL
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diameter); a very small subocular tentacle, about one third of eye dimeter. Tympanum indistinct. Hind leg rather short (TL 36-50% SVL). Webbing complete, no free phalanges. Four horny claws, three at the toes I, II, III and one covering the metatarsal tubercle. Skin smooth, lateral line system with 18-20 tubercles from eyelid to rear part of flanks, also on neck region and border of lower jaw; belly smooth.
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. — The dorsal colouration is dark brown or black depending on the habitat. The dorsal part of forearm, thigh and tibia is also dark. The belly is lighter.
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. — Differences between males and females are little marked (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAEFFF8A996F9FEFB07F994" author="ARNOULT J. &amp; LAMOTTE M." box="[997,1256,1603,1627]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655" pagination="270 - 306" refId="ref32423" refString="ARNOULT J. &amp; LAMOTTE M. 1968. - Les Pipidae de l' Ouest africain et du Cameroun. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (A) 30: 270 - 306." type="journal article" year="1968">Arnoult &amp; Lamotte 1968</bibRefCitation>
). Males are thinner and smaller than females, the outer sides of their fingers carry black nuptial pads and their dermal lobes above vent are larger than in females. The head is narrower in males than in females.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFAEFFF8A95EF97BFBE5F829" blockId="26.[811,1457,1734,2022]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">
HABITATS AND DISTRIBUTION. —
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFAEFFF8AE1FF97AFAE0F911" authorityName="Agote" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1132,1295,1734,1758]" class="Amphibia" family="Pipidae" genus="Xenopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="26" pageNumber="655" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAEFFF8AE1FF97AFAE0F911" box="[1132,1295,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">Xenopus tropicalis</emphasis>
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is a forest species that enters the savannah zone along gallery forests (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAEFFF8AF59F95DFA4FF936" author="RODEL M. - O." box="[1322,1440,1760,1785]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655" refId="ref37146" refString="RODEL M. - O. 2000. - Herpetofauna of West Africa. Vol 1. Amphibians of theWest African savanna. ̿ rankfurt am Main, Chimaira, 335 p." type="book" year="2000">Rödel 2000</bibRefCitation>
). It is most frequent in the ecological zone IV (Kpélé and Badou regions). It lives in ponds or abandoned wells where it hides in the mud during the dry season. It is widespread in humid forests and savannahs with forest areas or forest galleries in Kpélé and Akposso.
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFAEFFF8A9E2F8D8FB8CF8B2" box="[913,1123,1893,1917]" count="59" pageId="26" pageNumber="655" type="generic">Fifty-nine specimens</specimenCount>
of this species were collected by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAEFFF8A95DF83DFC24F858" author="BOURGAT R." box="[814,971,1919,1944]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
in Kandé (Kanté), Lamakara (
<collectingRegion id="499CF850FFAEFFF8AF75F8C2FAD5F858" box="[1286,1338,1919,1943]" country="Togo" name="Kara" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">Kara</collectingRegion>
), Niamtougou, Sotougoua (Sotouboua), Badou and Klouto. The occurrence of this species in the ecological zones I, II, III and IV is known from these specimens.
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<mods:namePart id="200279778FA9F03033E660D6464CAF1A">Segniagbeto, Gabriel Hoinsoudé</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C16F4B3B05D615713346C18A8476B4BC">Laboratory of Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lomé, BP 6057 Lomé, Togo, BP 1515, Lomé (Togo) and Institute for Development, Ecology, Conservation and Cooperation, Rome (Italy) gsegniagbeto @ gmail. com (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="D268BE6450F68FFA4FF849AF69519547">Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE-PSL, Université des Antilles, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 30, F- 75005, Paris (France) alain. dubois @ mnhn. fr</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAEFFF8AB11F8AFFDC6F8E3" bold="true" box="[354,553,1809,1836]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">Xenopus fischbergi</emphasis>
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(
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)
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. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAEFFF8ABEAF80AFE20F800" box="[409,463,1975,1999]" name="Togo" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">Togo</collectingCountry>
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•
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; Bassar; MNHN-RA-1979.5304-5312 •
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,
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; Kanté; MNHN-RA-2006.2244-2248.
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. — Medium sized frog (SVL
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,
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), with flattened body. Snout rounded. Head as long as broad (HW 22-29% SVL; HL 26-32% SVL). Eye larger (EL
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) than in
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAEFFF8A9A1FE95FB96FEF0" box="[978,1145,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">Xenopus tropicalis</emphasis>
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; subocular tentacle short, about half eye diameter. Tympanum indistinct. Hind leg rather short (TL 38-45% SVL). Webbing complete, no free phalanges. Three horny claws on toes I, II and III; metatarsal tubercles without horny claw. Skin smooth, with 22-24 dorsolateral lateral-line marks from the back of eyelid to rear back; belly smooth.
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. — The dorsal colouration is gray. The flanks, upper forearm, thigh and tibia are also gray. The belly is lighter.
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. — The males are smaller than the females. They have no vocal sac.
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. — This species was formerly included in
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(Peters, 1844)
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, which is now known to be restricted to eastern and southern Africa. The West African populations have been described as a distinct species,
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAEFFF8AF5EFD67FCB3FCC3" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">Xenopus fischbergi</emphasis>
(
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Evans
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2015
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)
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. Essentially a savannah form, this species is present in the savannahs of ecological zones I and II. It is very common in the Bassar and Kanté regions. Its distribution in the southern regions of the country remains doubtful. A population of the species was reported from the ecological zone III (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAEFFF8AF45FCE3FC78FC5F" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." pageId="26" pageNumber="655" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAEFFF8A95EFCC4FCB3FC5F" box="[813,860,888,912]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">et al.</emphasis>
2022
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). This species was reported in Kanté and
<collectingRegion id="499CF850FFAEFFF8AF40FCC4FA8DFC5F" box="[1331,1378,889,912]" country="Togo" name="Kara" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">Kara</collectingRegion>
regions by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAEFFF8A938FC2EFC09FC64" author="BOURGAT R." box="[843,998,915,939]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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Peters, 1875
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(
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)
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. —
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•
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,
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; Tsévié; MNHN- RA-2006.2176, MNHN-RA-2006.2179.
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• 1 individual; ZMB 6437.
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. — Frog of medium size (SVL
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). Head slightly wider than long (HW 27-28% SVL; HL 23-24% SVL mm).Tympanum distinct (TYD 7% SVL). Tibia short (TL 35- 36% SVL). Webbing absent, all phalanges free. Entire skin smooth.
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. — The back is entirely red; the inguinal region and the flanks are black. The top of the forearm, arm, thigh and tibia are black with red spots. The ventral side is black with some small white dots.
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. — The male is smaller than the female, with a darker throat.
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. — This is a savannah species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAEFFF8A8BEFACDFF58FA6D" author="RODEL M. - O." pageId="26" pageNumber="655" refId="ref37146" refString="RODEL M. - O. 2000. - Herpetofauna of West Africa. Vol 1. Amphibians of theWest African savanna. ̿ rankfurt am Main, Chimaira, 335 p." type="book" year="2000">Rödel 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAEFFF8AAB6FA37FE9CFA6D" author="AYORO H. J. &amp; SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; HEMA E. M. &amp; PENNER J. &amp; OUEDA A. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; RODEL M. - O. &amp; KABRE G. B. &amp; OHLER A." box="[197,371,1418,1442]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655" pagination="547 - 582" refId="ref32511" refString="AYORO H. J., SEGNIAGBETO G. H., HEMA E. M., PENNER J., OUEDA A., DUBOIS A., RODEL M. - O., KABRE G. B. &amp; OHLER A. 2020. - List of amphibian species (Vertebrata, Tetrapoda) of Burkina ̿ aso. Zoosystema 42 (28): 547 - 582. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / zoosystema 2020 v 42 a 28" type="journal article" year="2020">
Ayoro
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAEFFF8AB7BFA36FED7FA6D" box="[264,312,1418,1442]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">et al.</emphasis>
2020
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). It is very frequent in ecological zone V around Tsévié, where specimens are regularly collected for export: 1055 specimens were exported by
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAEFFF8ABA8FA02FDE2FA18" box="[475,525,1471,1495]" name="Togo" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">Togo</collectingCountry>
between 2002 and 2004 according to the Reports of the CITES Management Authority of the Ministry of Environment and Forest Resources of
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAEFFF8A8C1FA49FD08F9C3" box="[690,743,1524,1548]" name="Togo" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">Togo</collectingCountry>
. Its presence in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAEFFF8AA86F9B2FEC8F9E8" box="[245,295,1551,1575]" name="Togo" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">Togo</collectingCountry>
was reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAEFFF8ABB8F9B2FD8EF9E9" author="BOURGAT R." box="[459,609,1550,1575]" pageId="26" pageNumber="655" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAEFFF8A8E2F9B3FF13F98E" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." pageId="26" pageNumber="655" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAEFFF8AAF7F997FF5CF98E" box="[132,179,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="655">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
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.
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No specimen was observed. The occurrence of the species in the forest zone between
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was reported by
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. Our field work could not confirm its presence in
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. We assume its presence in the country, and especially in ecological zone IV. The area from Akloa to Diguengue might be favourable to this species. The species as currently understood has a wide distribution in West and Central Africa (
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Rödel
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•
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<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFAFFFF9AB64F81EFE91F87B" baselines="1968" box="[279,382,1955,1972]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="material" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAFFFF9ABC5F822FDA4F878" box="[438,587,1951,1975]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
•
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFAFFFF9A818F820FD49F876" box="[619,678,1949,1977]" count="15" pageId="27" pageNumber="656" type="male">15 ♂</specimenCount>
; Lamto; MNHN-RA-1993.6160, MNHN-RA-1996.3595, MNHN- RA-1996.3605-3607, MNHN-RA-1996.3609, MNHN- RA-1996.3611, MNHN-RA-1996.8788, MNHN-RA-1996.8909, MNHN-RA-1996.8928-8930, MNHN-RA-1996.8953-8955, MNHN-RA-1998.8961;
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFAFFFF9AE59FEB1FBB3FEE8" box="[1066,1116,268,295]" count="20" pageId="27" pageNumber="656" type="female">20 ♀</specimenCount>
; Lamto; MNHN-RA-1993.6158, MNHN-RA-1994.5468, MNHN-RA-1996.3584, MNHN- RA-1996.3596, MNHN-RA-1996.3598, MNHN-RA-1996.3603, MNHN-RA-1996.3604, MNHN-RA-1996.3612, MNHN- RA-1996.8770, MNHN-RA-1996.8789, MNHN-RA-1996.8790, MNHN-RA-1996.8910, MNHN-RA-1996.8911, MNHN- RA-1996.8930-8932, MNHN-RA-1996.8956-8958, MNHN- RA-1998.8962.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFAFFFF9A95EFE48FBE8FB08" pageId="27" pageNumber="656" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFAFFFF9A95EFE48FA5FFD2F" blockId="27.[812,1456,501,736]" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">
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. — Medium sized frog (SVL
<quantity id="4CA09B57FFAFFFF9AE87FE48FA64FDC3" box="[1268,1419,501,525]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.37" metricValueMin="2.93" pageId="27" pageNumber="656" unit="mm" value="31.5" valueMax="33.7" valueMin="29.3">29.3-33.7 mm</quantity>
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFAFFFF9AFE7FE44FA47FDDF" box="[1428,1448,505,528]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="656" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="4CA09B57FFAFFFF9A95EFDB2FC51FDE8" box="[813,958,527,551]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.505" metricValueMax="3.8899999999999997" metricValueMin="3.12" pageId="27" pageNumber="656" unit="mm" value="35.05" valueMax="38.9" valueMin="31.2">31.2-38.9 mm</quantity>
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFAFFFF9A9B5FDAEFC38FDE5" box="[966,983,531,554]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="656" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
), with slender, elongated body. Snout pointed, protruding, extending beyond mouth slit. Head longer than broad (HW 26-27% SVL; HL 36-37% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 4-7% SVL). Tibia long (TL 60-65% SVL). Webbing small, leaving several phalanges free; webbing formula I 2 – 2 ½ II 1 ½ – 3 III 2 – 3 IV 3 – 2 V. Back with four pairs of regularly symmetrical and continuous glandular folds, the innermost pair being short, the outermost forming the dorsolateral folds; skin of back finely granular.
</paragraph>
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. — The back and flanks are brown in colour. A distinct medio-dorsal band, whitish in colour, starting from snout and ending at vent. The posterior parts of the tibia and thigh have dark transverse bars. The ventral side is whitish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFAFFFF9A95EFCCAFBD6FC0B" blockId="27.[811,1456,887,964]" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">
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. — The male has two vocal sac openings through oblique bilateral slits on each side of the throat, and nuptial pads on first to third finger.
</paragraph>
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. —
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAFFFF9AEF3FC60FB1BFC3B" bold="true" box="[1152,1268,988,1013]" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">First record</emphasis>
. This species is reported herein for the first time for
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAFFFF9AEFFFC4BFB2EFBC1" box="[1164,1217,1014,1038]" name="Togo" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">Togo</collectingCountry>
. Its habitat is humid or secondary savannahs and gallery forests, and it has a distribution from
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAFFFF9A914FB96FC5CFB8C" box="[871,947,1067,1091]" name="Senegal" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">Senegal</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAFFFF9A9AAFB96FB8FFB8C" box="[985,1120,1067,1091]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAFFFF9AE01FB96FB05FB8C" author="PERRET J. - L." box="[1138,1258,1067,1091]" pageId="27" pageNumber="656" pagination="77 - 86" refId="ref36783" refString="PERRET J. - L. 1997. - Description de Ptychadena arnei n. sp. (Amphibia, Ranidae), une espece meconnue d'Afrique Occidentale. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences naturelles de Neuchatel 120: 77 - 86." type="journal article" year="1997">Perret 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAFFFF9AE8BFB96FC8DFB92" author="LAMOTTE M. &amp; OHLER A." pageId="27" pageNumber="656" pagination="569 - 583" refId="ref35837" refString="LAMOTTE M. &amp; OHLER A. 2000. - Revision des especes du groupe de Ptychadena stenocephala (Amphibia, Anura). Zoosystema 22 (3): 569 - 583." type="journal article" year="2000">Lamotte &amp; Ohler 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAFFFF9A91FFBFBFBF8FB92" author="KANGA K. P. &amp; KOUAME N. G. &amp; ZOGBASSE P. &amp; GONGOMIN B. A. &amp; AGOH K. L. &amp; KOUAME A. M. &amp; KONAN J. C. B. Y. N. &amp; ADEPO-GOURENE A. B. &amp; GOURENE G. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[876,1047,1093,1118]" pageId="27" pageNumber="656" pagination="71 - 107" refId="ref35191" refString="KANGA K. P., KOUAME N. G., ZOGBASSE P., GONGOMIN B. A., AGOH K. L., KOUAME A. M., KONAN J. C. B. Y. N., ADEPO-GOURENE A. B., GOURENE G. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2021. - Amphibian diversity of a West African biodiversity hotspot: an assessment and commented checklist of the batrachofauna of the Ivorian part of the Nimba Mountains. Amphibian &amp; Reptile Conservation 15 (1): 71 - 107 (e 275)." type="journal article" year="2021">
Kanga
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAFFFF9A9C3FBFBFC31FB92" box="[944,990,1093,1117]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). Due to anthropogenic activities, natural habitats around Lomé and in the southern region of the country are quickly disappearing. The areas which are still near natural in the southern parts of the country should be investigated for further records of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

172
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAFFFF9AB72FE8BFE02FE9E" bold="true" box="[257,493,310,337]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">Hildebrandtia ornata</emphasis>
(Peters, 1878)
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. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAFFFF9AB1FFECDFE72FE47" box="[364,413,368,392]" name="Togo" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">Togo</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFAFFFF9ABDDFECDFE3DFE44" box="[430,466,368,395]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="656" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
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; MNHN-RA-1993.6143.
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. —
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<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAFFFF9ABF0FE1CFDEEFE77" box="[387,513,416,441]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
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•
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,
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;
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; MNHN- RA-1985.1371, MNHN-RA-1995.5755
</materialsCitation>
•
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<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFAFFFF9A848FE07FD8DFE1A" box="[571,610,442,469]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="656" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
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; MNHN-RA-2000.5619
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•
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; MNHN-RA-1996.3928.
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DESCRIPTION. — Large frog (SVL
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,
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), with long, robust body. Snout rounded. Head longer than broad (HW 37-45% SVL; HL 38-43% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 9-12% SVL). Hind legs moderately long (TL 41-48% SVL). Toes short and strong. Webbing small, leaving more than three of the phalanges free; webbing formula: I 1– 2 ½ II 2 – 3 III 2 – 3 ½ IV 3 ½ – 1 ½ V. Back smooth, lower part of flank with small horny spinules; dorsal folds absent.
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. — A distinct creamy white, green or brown lateral line is present on the side of the back from the tip of snout to the end of the body, separated by two dark longitudinal bands from the posterior region of the head to vent. The two dark longitudinal bands are followed by a dorsolateral brown band from the snout ending in the inguinal region. This last band is separated at the scapular region by a dark band followed by a brown band on the flank. The sides of head including the tympanic region and the tympanum, as well as the flanks, are dark brown. The most characteristic feature of this species are two white Y-shaped figures on the black throat.
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. — Males have vocal sac openings with slits extending to the armpits and nuptial pads on first to third fingers.
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. —
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFAFFFF9ABB7FBE8FD66FBA3" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[452,649,1109,1133]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Hildebrandtia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="27" pageNumber="656" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFAFFFF9ABB7FBE8FD66FBA3" box="[452,649,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">Hildebrandtia ornata</emphasis>
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is a savannah species known from
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAFFFF9AB34FBD2FE7FFB48" box="[327,400,1135,1159]" name="Senegal" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">Senegal</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAFFFF9ABDDFBD2FDEBFB48" box="[430,516,1135,1159]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
, south to northern parts of
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAFFFF9AAF7FB34FEEDFB6E" box="[132,258,1161,1185]" name="South Africa" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAFFFF9AB7EFB37FE84FB6E" box="[269,363,1162,1185]" name="Botswana" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">Botswana</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAFFFF9ABEEFB34FE1DFB6E" box="[413,498,1161,1185]" name="Namibia" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">Namibia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAFFFF9A872FB34FD15FB6D" author="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[513,762,1161,1186]" pageId="27" pageNumber="656" refId="ref33292" refString="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2019. - Field guide to the frogs and other amphibians of Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 408 p." type="book" year="2019">Channing &amp; Rödel 2019</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFAFFFF9AAEEFB19FF3EFB73" box="[157,209,1188,1212]" name="Togo" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">Togo</collectingCountry>
, the presence of the species was reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAFFFF9A802FB19FCE8FB73" author="BOURGAT R." box="[625,775,1188,1212]" pageId="27" pageNumber="656" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFAFFFF9AADCFB03FEB4FB18" author="RODEL M. - O." box="[175,347,1214,1239]" pageId="27" pageNumber="656" refId="ref37146" refString="RODEL M. - O. 2000. - Herpetofauna of West Africa. Vol 1. Amphibians of theWest African savanna. ̿ rankfurt am Main, Chimaira, 335 p." type="book" year="2000">Rödel (2000: 84)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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201
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(Hallowell, 1845)
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. —
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•
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,
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; Kanté; MNHN- RA-2006.2211, MNHN-RA-2006.2213, MNHN-RA-2006.2214, MNHN-RA-2006.2218, MNHN-RA-1979.6801-6814, MNHN- RA-1979.6916, MNHN-RA-1979.6818-6822.
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. — Medium sized frog (SVL
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,
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), with more or less elongated body. Snout pointed and protruding beyond mouth slit. Head longer than broad (HW 30- 38% SVL; HL 37-48% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 5-8% SVL). Hind leg long (TL 45-62% SVL). Webbing moderate, leaving up to three phalanges free; webbing formula: I 2 – 2 ½ II 1 ½ – 2 ½ III 1 ½ – 3 IV 2 ½ – ½ V. Back with four pairs of glandular folds, including a pair of sacral folds, the outermost forming the dorsolateral folds; skin of the finely granular back; some glandular granules on the flanks.
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. — The dorsal colouration is brown with some darker spots, often with a distinct vertebral line. The dorsal parts of the tibia and thigh have dark transverse bars. The rear side of the thighs is marbled with light brown longitudinal stripes. The belly is white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFAFFFF9A958F820FBADF825" blockId="27.[811,1457,1949,2026]" pageId="27" pageNumber="656">SEXUAL DIMORPHISM. — The male is distinguished by vocal sacs visible as oblique lateral slits at the corner of the mouth, and nuptial pads on first to third fingers.</paragraph>
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. 12. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life:
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA8FFFEA8FEF940FD75F8C0" bold="true" box="[653,666,1789,1807]" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">A</emphasis>
,
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA8FFFEA8D0F940FCB2F8C0" box="[675,861,1789,1807]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">Phrynomantis microps</emphasis>
Peters, 1875
</taxonomicName>
(Tsévié);
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA8FFFEAE65F940FBCCF8C0" bold="true" box="[1046,1059,1789,1807]" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">B</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA8FFFEAE5EF940FCB3F8E9" authority="Evans, Carter, Greenbaum, Gvozdik, Kelley, McLaughlin, Pauwels, Portik, Stanley, Tinsley, Tobias &amp; Blackburn, 2015" authorityName="Evans, Carter, Greenbaum, Gvozdik, Kelley, McLaughlin, Pauwels, Portik, Stanley, Tinsley, Tobias &amp; Blackburn" authorityYear="2015" class="Amphibia" family="Pipidae" genus="Xenopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fischbergi">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA8FFFEAE5EF940FB24F8C0" box="[1069,1227,1789,1807]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">Xenopus fischbergi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA8FFFEAEA3F940FCB3F8E9" author="EVANS B. J. &amp; CARTER T. F. &amp; GREENBAUM E. &amp; GVOZDIK V. &amp; KELLEY D. B. &amp; MCLAUGHLIN P. J. &amp; PAUWELS O. S. G. &amp; PORTIK D. M. &amp; STANLEY E. L. &amp; TINSLEY R. C. &amp; TOBIAS M. L. &amp; BLACKBURN D. C." pageId="28" pageNumber="657" refId="ref33798" refString="EVANS B. J., CARTER T. F., GREENBAUM E., GVOZDIK V., KELLEY D. B., MCLAUGHLIN P. J., PAUWELS O. S. G., PORTIK D. M., STANLEY E. L., TINSLEY R. C., TOBIAS M. L. &amp; BLACKBURN D. C. 2015. - Genetics, morphology, advertisement calls, and historical records distinguish six new polyploid species of African Clawed ̿ rog (Xenopus, Pipidae) from West and Central Africa. PLoS ONE 10 (12): e 0142823. https: // 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0142823" type="journal volume" year="2015">Evans, Carter, Greenbaum, Gvoždík,Kelley,McLaughlin, Pauwels,Portik, Stanley, Tinsley,Tobias &amp; Blackburn, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Siou);
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA8FFFEA9EBF8AEFC49F8EA" bold="true" box="[920,934,1811,1829]" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">C</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA8FFFEA9C3F8A9FB1DF8EA" authority="(Gray, 1864) (Agote)" authorityName="Agote" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[944,1266,1811,1830]" class="Amphibia" family="Pipidae" genus="Xenopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tropicalis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA8FFFEA9C3F8A9FBA7F8E9" box="[944,1096,1812,1830]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">Xenopus tropicalis</emphasis>
(Gray, 1864) (Agoté)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA8FFFEAE8BF8A9FAE9F8E9" bold="true" box="[1272,1286,1812,1830]" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">D</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA8FFFEAF7CF8A9FEA1F8F3" authority="(Hallowell, 1845) (Kovie)" authorityName="Kovie" baseAuthorityName="Hallowell" baseAuthorityYear="1845" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bibroni">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA8FFFEAF7CF8A9FA40F8E9" box="[1295,1455,1812,1830]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">Ptychadena bibroni</emphasis>
(Hallowell, 1845) (Kovié)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA8FFFEAB26F897FE8EF8F3" bold="true" box="[341,353,1834,1852]" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">E</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA8FFFEAB18F897FC8DF8F3" authority="(Dumeril &amp; Bibron, 1841) (Kovie)" authorityName="Kovie" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[363,866,1834,1852]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mascareniensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA8FFFEAB18F897FDBDF8F3" box="[363,594,1834,1852]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">Ptychadena mascareniensis</emphasis>
(Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1841) (Kovié)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA8FFFEA919F897FC9AF8F3" bold="true" box="[874,885,1834,1852]" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">F</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFA8FFFEA90CF897FACFF8F3" authority="(Smith, 1849) (Tchamba)" authorityName="Tchamba" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[895,1312,1834,1852]" class="Amphibia" family="Ptychadenidae" genus="Ptychadena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="28" pageNumber="657" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxyrhynchus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA8FFFEA90CF897FBA1F8F3" box="[895,1102,1834,1852]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">Ptychadena oxyrhynchus</emphasis>
(Smith, 1849) (Tchamba)
</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFA8FFFEAB6EF8D1FE48F8B2" baselines="1913" box="[285,423,1900,1917]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
. — This species is very common in both the South and North of
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA8FFFEABD7F83CFE36F856" box="[420,473,1921,1945]" name="Togo" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">Togo</collectingCountry>
. It is frequent in savannah, dry and open forest areas. It can be observed around ponds and rivers during the rainy season. It was reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA8FFFEA845F80BFD20F801" author="BOURGAT R." box="[566,719,1974,1998]" pageId="28" pageNumber="657" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
from Lomé, Kovié and Kanté, by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA8FFFEABEAF86DFD7EF827" author="LAMOTTE M. &amp; OHLER A." box="[409,657,2000,2024]" pageId="28" pageNumber="657" pagination="531 - 543" refId="ref35791" refString="LAMOTTE M. &amp; OHLER A. 1997. - Redecouverte de syntypes de Rana bibroni Hallowell, 1845, designation d'un lectotype et description d'une espece nouvelle de Ptychadena (Amphibia, Anura). Zoosystema 19 (4): 531 - 543." type="journal article" year="1997">Lamotte &amp; Ohler (1997)</bibRefCitation>
from Kovié and Kanté and by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA8FFFEA999F8DBFB09F8B1" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[1002,1254,1894,1918]" pageId="28" pageNumber="657" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA8FFFEAE1AF8DBFB74F8B1" box="[1129,1179,1894,1918]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
from the ecological zone III. This species is also common in the ecological region between
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA8FFFEA9F4F826FC56F87C" box="[903,953,1947,1971]" name="Togo" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">Togo</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA8FFFEA99DF827FBDCF87D" box="[1006,1075,1946,1970]" name="Ghana" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">Ghana</collectingCountry>
, in particular an area that would mirror the ecological zones II and IV of
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFA8FFFEAEE9F808FB23F802" box="[1178,1228,1973,1997]" name="Togo" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">Togo</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA8FFFEAEA8F808FA46F802" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C." box="[1243,1449,1973,1997]" pageId="28" pageNumber="657" pagination="207 - 234" refId="ref37242" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C. 2003. - Amphibians of the Togo- Volta highlands, eastern Ghana. Salamandra 39: 207 - 234." type="journal article" year="2003">Rödel &amp; Agyei 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFA8FFFEA95EF872FC0EF828" author="LEACHE A. D. &amp; RODEL M. - O. &amp; LINKEM C. W. &amp; DIAZ R. E. &amp; HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K." box="[813,993,1999,2023]" pageId="28" pageNumber="657" pagination="22 - 45" refId="ref36129" refString="LEACHE A. D., RODEL M. - O., LINKEM C. W., DIAZ R. E., HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K. 2006. - Biodiversity in a forest island: reptiles and amphibians of the West African Togo hills. Amphibian &amp; Reptile Conservation 4: 22 - 45. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 51145036" type="journal article" year="2006">
Leaché
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFA8FFFEA904F86DFC48F828" box="[887,935,1999,2023]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="657">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFB3FFE5AB6EF94CFD81F8C3" ID-CoL="GYQB" authority="Ahl, 1924" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1924" box="[285,622,1777,1804]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevipes">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFB3FFE5AB6EF94CFE14F8C3" bold="true" box="[285,507,1777,1804]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Arthroleptis brevipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB3FFE5A871F94FFD81F8C3" author="AHL E." box="[514,622,1778,1804]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" pagination="245 - 254" refId="ref32126" refString="AHL E. 1924. - Neue Reptilien und Batrachier aus dem Zoologischen Museum Berlin. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (A) 90: 245 - 254." type="journal article" year="1924">Ahl, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFB3FFE5AAF7F88FFAE3FE3E" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFB3FFE5AAF7F88FFF31F885" blockId="7.[132,775,1842,2028]" box="[132,222,1842,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFB3FFE5AAF7F8ECFAE3FE3E" blockId="7.[132,775,1842,2028]" lastBlockId="7.[810,1457,215,497]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">
This species is only known from the
<typeStatus id="54E38810FFB3FFE5A871F8ECFD8EF8A4" box="[514,609,1873,1899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(ZMB 26978). It had been collected in Bismarkburg (Adele area), in the forest area of
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFB3FFE5AA89F82FFEDBF863" box="[250,308,1938,1964]" name="Togo" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Togo</collectingCountry>
. Up to now, no additional specimens were collected in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFB3FFE5AB7AF80FFEAFF803" box="[265,320,1970,1996]" name="Togo" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Togo</collectingCountry>
despite numerous field survey conducted around the type locality. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB3FFE5A842F86CFCEFF823" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; GIL M. &amp; AGYEI A. C. &amp; LEACHE A. D. &amp; DIAZ R. E. &amp; FUJITA M. K. &amp; ERNST R." box="[561,768,2001,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" pagination="107 - 127" refId="ref37762" refString="RODEL M. - O., GIL M., AGYEI A. C., LEACHE A. D., DIAZ R. E., FUJITA M. K. &amp; ERNST R. 2005. - The amphibians of the forested parts of south-western Ghana. Salamandra 41: 107 - 127." type="journal article" year="2005">
Rödel
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFB3FFE5A80BF86FFD42F824" box="[632,685,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">et al.</emphasis>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFB3FFE5A95EFF65FC74FF3E" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1924" box="[813,923,215,242]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevipes">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFB3FFE5A95EFF65FC74FF3E" box="[813,923,215,242]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">A. brevipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a valid species, larger (SVL
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) than most of the Volta frogs of this genus seen by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB3FFE5AECFFF4AFA48FEDE" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C." box="[1212,1447,247,273]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" pagination="207 - 234" refId="ref37242" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C. 2003. - Amphibians of the Togo- Volta highlands, eastern Ghana. Salamandra 39: 207 - 234." type="journal article" year="2003">Rödel &amp; Agyei (2003)</bibRefCitation>
. Its most conspicuous character is the extremely short hind legs, thighs reaching less than 34% and lower legs less than 37% of body length (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB3FFE5AE7EFEEAFAF8FEBE" author="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[1037,1303,343,369]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" refId="ref33292" refString="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2019. - Field guide to the frogs and other amphibians of Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 408 p." type="book" year="2019">Channing &amp; Rödel 2019</bibRefCitation>
). We collected numerous
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFB3FFE5A9D4FECAFBF4FE5E" box="[935,1051,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Athroleptis</emphasis>
that we attribute all to
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFB3FFE5AF42FECAFBD9FE7F" authority="Peters, 1863" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilonotus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFB3FFE5AF42FECAFC46FE7F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Arthroleptis poecilonotus</emphasis>
Peters, 1863
</taxonomicName>
(see below). Recently a photo of a presumed
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFB3FFE5A9EFFE0AFBE4FE1F" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1924" box="[924,1035,438,465]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevipes">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFB3FFE5A9EFFE0AFBE4FE1F" box="[924,1035,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">A. brevipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been published from the Ghanaian Atewa region by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB3FFE5A990FE6BFAEAFE3F" author="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[995,1285,470,496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" refId="ref33292" refString="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2019. - Field guide to the frogs and other amphibians of Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 408 p." type="book" year="2019">Channing &amp; Rödel (2019)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFB3FFE5A9D0FD88FB41FD9F" bold="true" box="[931,1198,565,592]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Arthroleptis poecilonotus</emphasis>
Peters, 1863
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A-D)
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. —
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•
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,
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; Missahohé; MNHN- RA-2008.0131, MNHN-RA-2008.2008.0132, MNHN- RA-2008.0134-0138, MNHN-RA-2008.0141-0143, ZMB 26981-26982, ZMB 26982a-d, ZMB
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, ZMB 26982i •
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; Yégué; Coll. GHS-W 0669 •
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; Yo (Agomé Yo); Coll. GHSW 0648, Coll. GHS-W 0666, Coll. GHS-W 0681 •
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; Kovié; MNHN-RA-1993.6099 •
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; Lomé; MNHN-RA-1994.4472 •
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; Koui; MNHN-RA-2008.0139, MNHN-RA-2008.0140 •
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; Oga; MNHN-RA-2008.0130.
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. — Frog of small body size (SVL
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,
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), with relatively slender body. Snout pointed. Head slightly longer than large (HW 30-38% SVL; HL 31-41% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 3-7% SVL). Tibia short (TL 39-45% SVL). Webbing absent, all phalanges free. Skin essentially smooth on the back and above the head, and slightly granular on the posterior part of the back and flanks. Black dot posterior to tympanum.
</paragraph>
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. — This species exhibits a wide range of colouration patterns within all populations investigated. The most common colour variants are figured in
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB3FFE5AE50FB0CFACEFB06" author="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[1059,1313,1201,1225]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" refId="ref33292" refString="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2019. - Field guide to the frogs and other amphibians of Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 408 p." type="book" year="2019">Channing &amp; Rödel (2019)</bibRefCitation>
. Examples are: 1) A brownish back colour with a marked whitish or yellowish vertebral line from snout to vent. A few rare black spots on dorsal sides of thighs and legs. Upper edge of loreal region, orbit and tympanic region with an irregularly shaped black band (
<figureCitation id="13632A37FFB3FFE5AE9DFAA7FAD5FAFC" box="[1262,1338,1306,1331]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionText="FIG. 3. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life: A-D, different colour morphs of Arthroleptis poecilonotus Peters, 1863 complex: A, (Akloa); B, (Alédjo); C, (Akloa); D, (Diguendue); E, Leptopelis spiritusnoctis RÖdel, 2007 (Kouma Tokpli); F, Leptopelis viridis (Günther, 1869) (Siou)." pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFB3FFE5A95EFA88FBE9F9BF" blockId="7.[811,1457,1148,1701]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">
2)
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or dark brown colouration, with irregularly shaped darker spots along back. Flanks with irregularly shaped whitish spots. Dorsal part of legs and thighs brown with irregularly shaped and transverse spots. A yellow or whitish vertebral line present (
<figureCitation id="13632A37FFB3FFE5AF2EFA39FA4AFA53" box="[1373,1445,1412,1436]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionText="FIG. 3. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life: A-D, different colour morphs of Arthroleptis poecilonotus Peters, 1863 complex: A, (Akloa); B, (Alédjo); C, (Akloa); D, (Diguendue); E, Leptopelis spiritusnoctis RÖdel, 2007 (Kouma Tokpli); F, Leptopelis viridis (Günther, 1869) (Siou)." pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). 3) A distinct light vertebral line. Back with a dark band, much wider in the orbital region, and ending at vent; band starting from snout separating in two dorsolateral bands at the orbital region and ending in the inguinal region. Flanks whitish with some dark spots (
<figureCitation id="13632A37FFB3FFE5AF2AFA53FA4DF9C9" box="[1369,1442,1518,1542]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionText="FIG. 3. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life: A-D, different colour morphs of Arthroleptis poecilonotus Peters, 1863 complex: A, (Akloa); B, (Alédjo); C, (Akloa); D, (Diguendue); E, Leptopelis spiritusnoctis RÖdel, 2007 (Kouma Tokpli); F, Leptopelis viridis (Günther, 1869) (Siou)." pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). 4) A wide yellowish or whitish band covering the entire back from snout to vent, with the vertebral line marked. This colouration also present at the heels. Flanks, dorsal part of thigh and legs black or dark brown (
<figureCitation id="13632A37FFB3FFE5A9DFF9E5FC15F9BF" box="[940,1018,1624,1648]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1985,2003]" captionText="FIG. 3. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life: A-D, different colour morphs of Arthroleptis poecilonotus Peters, 1863 complex: A, (Akloa); B, (Alédjo); C, (Akloa); D, (Diguendue); E, Leptopelis spiritusnoctis RÖdel, 2007 (Kouma Tokpli); F, Leptopelis viridis (Günther, 1869) (Siou)." pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFB3FFE5A95EF9CEFAC7F96B" blockId="7.[811,1457,1148,1701]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">In all specimens, the throat is dark and the belly whitish. The ventral parts of the thigh and leg are whitish to transparent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFB3FFE5A95EF97BFAE1F8DD" blockId="7.[813,1456,1733,1811]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">
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. — Males have a dark, almost purple single subgular vocal sac. Female oviducts are often visible, with the large yellow oocytes shining through the inguinal skin.
</paragraph>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFB3FFE5A9B0F884FBA4F885" baselines="1862" box="[963,1099,1849,1866]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
. — This species is more common in the forest area, although it occurs also in moist and heavily vegetated parts of all savannah ecosystems throughout the country. In the latter ecosystems, it lives in particular in gallery forest and woodlands.
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFB3FFE5A958F820FBFFF87A" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[811,1040,1949,1973]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilonotus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFB3FFE5A958F820FBFFF87A" box="[811,1040,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="636">Arthroleptis poecilonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a common species in the West African gallery forests, in moist savannah and rainforest (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB3FFE5AF67F805FA45F800" author="LAMOTTE M." box="[1300,1450,1975,1999]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" pagination="218 - 294" refId="ref35716" refString="LAMOTTE M. 1967 a. - Les Batraciens de la region de Gpakobo (Cote d'Ivoire). Bulletin de l'Institut francais d'Afrique noire (A) 29: 218 - 294." type="journal article" year="1967">Lamotte 1967a</bibRefCitation>
;
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;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB3FFE5A9D9F86FFB4FF825" author="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[938,1184,2002,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="636" refId="ref33292" refString="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2019. - Field guide to the frogs and other amphibians of Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 408 p." type="book" year="2019">Channing &amp; Rödel 2019</bibRefCitation>
). It was reported from
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by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBAAD6FF6AFEADFF20" author="BOURGAT R." box="[165,322,215,239]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBAB21FF6AFDBDFF20" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; BOWESSIDJAOU J. E. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A." box="[338,594,215,239]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref38374" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., BOWESSIDJAOU J. E., DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A. 2007. - Les Amphibiens du Togo: etat actuel des connaissances. Alytes 24 (1 - 4): 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2007">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBABA7FF65FDE9FF20" box="[468,518,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">et al.</emphasis>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBA8FAFF6AFF28FEC6" author="HILLERS A. &amp; BOATENG C. O. &amp; SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O." pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref34638" refString="HILLERS A., BOATENG C. O., SEGNIAGBETO G. H., AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2009. - The amphibians in the forests of southern Ghana and western Togo. Zoosystematics and Evolution 85 (1): 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / zoos. 200800019" type="journal article" year="2009">
Hillers
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBA8A6FF65FCE8FF20" box="[725,775,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
. It was recently recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBABA8FF4CFD23FEC6" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[475,716,241,265]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBA825FF4FFD6BFEC6" box="[598,644,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
along the Mono river between Tetetou and Nagbeto dam.
</paragraph>
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. 3. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life:
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAA8EDF87CFD2EF81C" bold="true" box="[670,705,1985,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">A -D</emphasis>
, different colour morphs of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBCFFEAA9C0F87CFB13F81C" authority="Peters, 1863" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[947,1276,1985,2003]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="637" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilonotus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAA9C0F87CFB66F81C" box="[947,1161,1985,2003]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">Arthroleptis poecilonotus</emphasis>
Peters, 1863
</taxonomicName>
complex:
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAAF24F87CFA8BF81C" bold="true" box="[1367,1380,1985,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">A</emphasis>
, (Akloa);
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAAAF7F86AFF7EF826" bold="true" box="[132,145,2007,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">B</emphasis>
, (Alédjo);
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAAA96F86AFF1CF826" bold="true" box="[229,243,2007,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">C</emphasis>
, (Akloa);
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAAB33F86AFEA1F826" bold="true" box="[320,334,2007,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">D</emphasis>
, (Diguendue);
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAABBBF86AFE3BF826" bold="true" box="[456,468,2007,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">E</emphasis>
,
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAABADF86AFD45F826" box="[478,682,2007,2025]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">Leptopelis spiritusnoctis</emphasis>
RÖdel, 2007
</taxonomicName>
(Kouma Tokpli);
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAA9ECF86AFC45F826" bold="true" box="[927,938,2007,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">F</emphasis>
,
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBCFFEAA9C6F86AFBAEF826" box="[949,1089,2007,2025]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">Leptopelis viridis</emphasis>
(Günther, 1869) (Siou)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFBDFFEBAAF7FE81FE66FC01" blockId="9.[131,777,315,974]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">
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. — The taxononmy of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBA833FE81FD24FE9C" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[576,715,315,339]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilonotus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBA833FE81FD24FE9C" box="[576,715,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">A. poecilonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
needs revision including specimens over all its rather large range (
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;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBAAA0FECDFE44FE47" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C." box="[211,427,368,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="207 - 234" refId="ref37242" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C. 2003. - Amphibians of the Togo- Volta highlands, eastern Ghana. Salamandra 39: 207 - 234." type="journal article" year="2003">Rödel &amp; Agyei 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBABC8FECDFD54FE47" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; BANGOURA M. A." box="[443,699,368,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="201 - 232" refId="ref37274" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; BANGOURA M. A. 2004. - A conservation assessment of amphibians in the ̿ oret Classee du Pic de ̿ on, Simandou Range, southeastern Republic of Guinea, with the description of a new Amnirana species (Amphibia Anura Ranidae). Tropical Zoology 17 (2): 201 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.2 004.10531206" type="journal article" year="2004">Rödel &amp; Bangoura 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBA8B8FECDFF03FE6C" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; GIL M. &amp; AGYEI A. C. &amp; LEACHE A. D. &amp; DIAZ R. E. &amp; FUJITA M. K. &amp; ERNST R." pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="107 - 127" refId="ref37762" refString="RODEL M. - O., GIL M., AGYEI A. C., LEACHE A. D., DIAZ R. E., FUJITA M. K. &amp; ERNST R. 2005. - The amphibians of the forested parts of south-western Ghana. Salamandra 41: 107 - 127." type="journal article" year="2005">
Rödel
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAAF7FE31FF5BFE6C" box="[132,180,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBAA8AFE36FE44FE6C" author="LEACHE A. D. &amp; RODEL M. - O. &amp; LINKEM C. W. &amp; DIAZ R. E. &amp; HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K." box="[249,427,395,419]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="22 - 45" refId="ref36129" refString="LEACHE A. D., RODEL M. - O., LINKEM C. W., DIAZ R. E., HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K. 2006. - Biodiversity in a forest island: reptiles and amphibians of the West African Togo hills. Amphibian &amp; Reptile Conservation 4: 22 - 45. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 51145036" type="journal article" year="2006">
Leaché
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAB30FE31FE9DFE6C" box="[323,370,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBABCBFE36FDC1FE6C" author="FRETEY T." box="[440,558,395,419]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="99 - 172" refId="ref34044" refString="FRETEY T. 2008. - Revue des genres africains Arthroleptis Smith, 1849 et Phrynobatrachus Gunther, 1862 (Amphibia, Anura). Alytes 25: 99 - 172." type="journal article" year="2008">Frétey 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Remarkably, it has a rather precise onymotope (type-locality), “holländische Besitzungen (Boutry) an der Küste von
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBDFFEBABF2FE7DFE27FE17" box="[385,456,448,472]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Guinea</collectingCountry>
” [Dutch possessions (Boutry) on the coast of
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBDFFEBAA8AFE67FEA9FE3D" box="[249,326,474,498]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Guinea</collectingCountry>
], now Boutre, a place in Ahanta West district, Western Region,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBDFFEBAB5DFE48FE9CFDC2" box="[302,371,501,525]" name="Ghana" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Ghana</collectingCountry>
. During field work, specimens of various shapes and colours were collected (see above). The same observations were made on specimens collected in the
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chain in northern
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBAAB8FDF9FE80FD93" author="NAGO S. G. A. &amp; GRELL O. &amp; SINSIN B. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[203,367,580,604]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="93 - 108" refId="ref36329" refString="NAGO S. G. A., GRELL O., SINSIN B. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2006. - The amphibian fauna of the Pendjari National Park and surroundings, northern Benin. Salamandra 42: 93 - 108." type="journal article" year="2006">
Nago
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAB74FDF8FED9FD93" box="[263,310,580,604]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBABF1FDF9FD6CFD93" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; BANGOURA M. A." box="[386,643,580,604]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="201 - 232" refId="ref37274" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; BANGOURA M. A. 2004. - A conservation assessment of amphibians in the ̿ oret Classee du Pic de ̿ on, Simandou Range, southeastern Republic of Guinea, with the description of a new Amnirana species (Amphibia Anura Ranidae). Tropical Zoology 17 (2): 201 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.2 004.10531206" type="journal article" year="2004">Rödel &amp; Bangoura (2004)</bibRefCitation>
already mentioned that species identification is difficult, as intra-specific variation exceeds inter-specific variation in many populations and the characters of the
<typeStatus id="54E38810FFBDFFEBAB5FFD29FEB1FD63" box="[300,350,660,684]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">types</typeStatus>
of various West African
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBA822FD2EFCE8FD64" box="[593,775,659,683]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBA822FD2EFD51FD64" box="[593,702,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Arthroleptis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
do not allow identification (M.-O. Rödel, unpubl. data).
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBA8C1FD13FEC8FD2F" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; BANGOURA M. A." pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="201 - 232" refId="ref37274" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; BANGOURA M. A. 2004. - A conservation assessment of amphibians in the ̿ oret Classee du Pic de ̿ on, Simandou Range, southeastern Republic of Guinea, with the description of a new Amnirana species (Amphibia Anura Ranidae). Tropical Zoology 17 (2): 201 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.2 004.10531206" type="journal article" year="2004">Rödel &amp; Bangoura (2004)</bibRefCitation>
also discussed the available names for West African
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAAF0FD5EFEAFFD34" box="[131,320,739,763]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAAF0FD5EFF1FFD34" box="[131,240,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Arthroleptis</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
Genetic differences between populations with clear acoustic differences are minimal (M.-O. Rödel, unpubl. data). Thus, apart from the short-legged
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBABABFCA5FDD1FCFF" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1924" box="[472,574,792,816]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevipes">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBABABFCA5FDD1FCFF" box="[472,574,792,816]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">A. brevipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above) and the more recently described, much larger,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAB8BFC8FFEEAFCAA" authority="(Ernst, Agyei &amp; Rodel, 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Ernst, Agyei &amp; Rodel" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="krokosua">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAB8BFC8FFD89FC85" box="[504,614,818,842]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">A. krokosua</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBA807FC8EFF11FCAA" author="ERNST R. &amp; AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O." pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="58 - 68" refId="ref33733" refString="ERNST R., AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2008. - A new giant species of Arthroleptis (Amphibia: Anura: Arthroleptidae) from the Krokosua Hills ̿ orest Reserve, south-western Ghana. Zootaxa 1697 (1): 58 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1697.1.2" type="journal article" year="2008">Ernst, Agyei &amp; Rödel, 2008</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, all
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAB5DFCF1FE74FCAB" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1849" box="[302,411,844,868]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAB5DFCF1FE74FCAB" box="[302,411,844,868]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Arthroleptis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the eastern upper
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBDFFEBA8F0FCF1FD24FCAB" box="[643,715,844,868]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Guinea</collectingCountry>
forest zone (eastern
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBDFFEBAB7CFCDAFE7DFCB0" box="[271,402,871,895]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
to western
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBDFFEBA879FCDAFDBAFCB0" box="[522,597,871,895]" name="Nigeria" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
) should be called
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAAF5FC3FFEF8FC56" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[134,279,897,921]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilonotus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAAF5FC3FFEF8FC56" box="[134,279,897,921]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">A. poecilonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Records from beyond West Africa, published as
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAAF5FC21FEFEFC7B" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1863" box="[134,273,924,948]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Arthroleptis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="poecilonotus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAAF5FC21FEFEFC7B" box="[134,273,924,948]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">A. poecilonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, belong to different species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBA855FC21FD2BFC7B" author="BLACKBURN D. C." box="[550,708,924,948]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="553 - 573" refId="ref32658" refString="BLACKBURN D. C. 2008. - Diversity and evolution of male secondary sexual characters in African squeakers and long-fingered frogs. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49 (3): 553 - 573. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2008.08.015" type="journal article" year="2008">Blackburn 2008</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBA8BDFC21FCEEFC7B" author="BLACKBURN D. C." box="[718,769,924,948]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="320 - 334" refId="ref32708" refString="BLACKBURN D. C. 2010. - A new squeaker frog (Arthroleptidae: Arthroleptis) from Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Herpetologica 66 (3): 320 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.1655 / 09 - 039.1" type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBAAF7FC0BFE93FC01" author="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[132,380,950,974]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" refId="ref33292" refString="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2019. - Field guide to the frogs and other amphibians of Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 408 p." type="book" year="2019">Channing &amp; Rödel 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

166
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(
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. —
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•
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; Kanté; MNHN- RA-1997.1538-1540 •
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,
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; N’Gambi; Coll. GHS-W 0541, Coll. GHS-W 0547, Coll. GHS-W 0550-0552, Coll. GHS-W 0553, Coll. GHS-W 0554, Coll. GHS-W 0583 •
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; Akloa; ZMB 77898 •
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; Tchamba; ZMB 77899 •
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; probably from the North; MNHN-RA-1994.4493.
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. — Small (SVL
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), slender frogs with pointed snout. Fairly broad head, slightly longer than wide (HW 24-26% SVL; HL 29-30% SVL). Tympanum barely distinct, covered by skin (TYD 3-4% SVL). Tibia short (TL 37-43% SVL). Webbing small; webbing formula: I 2 – 2 ½ II 1 ½ – 3 III 2 – 3 IV 3 – 2 V. Fingers and toes terminating with discs. Skin smooth with asperities on the back and flanks, slightly granular skin on belly.
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. — The dorsal colouration is characterised by three longitudinal white stripes, one vertebral and two dorso-lateral stripes extending from snout tip to posterior end of back. The white vertebral band ends at the vent, the others end in the inguinal region. They are separated by brown bands. The flanks have brown colouration, the ventral side is white.
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. — The male is distinguished from the female by a subgular vocal sac with a yellowish to reddish gland.
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. — The species occurs mainly in savannah, but may enter degraded forest. It is very common in ecological zones I and II. Specimens were collected in Niamtougou, Kanté, N’Gambi, Payo and Fazao Malfakassa (Kalaré, Kpei Solongo, Bounako). Calling males often sit at a height of
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on grasses or shrubs in ponds. Most populations were encountered in the northern part of the Atacora range. The southern distribution of this species in the country is doubtful. This species has been reported in
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by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB9FFEFA9E8F8C2FBDCF859" author="BOURGAT R." box="[923,1075,1918,1943]" pageId="13" pageNumber="642" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB9FFEFAE17F8C3FAA0F859" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; BOWESSIDJAOU J. E. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A." box="[1124,1359,1918,1942]" pageId="13" pageNumber="642" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref38374" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., BOWESSIDJAOU J. E., DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A. 2007. - Les Amphibiens du Togo: etat actuel des connaissances. Alytes 24 (1 - 4): 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2007">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFB9FFEFAE93F8C2FAE0F859" box="[1248,1295,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="642">et al.</emphasis>
(2007
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB9FFEFAF2FF8C3FA7FF859" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[1372,1424,1918,1942]" pageId="13" pageNumber="642" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFB9FFEFA95EF80AFC91F802" baselines="1992,1993" box="[813,894,1975,1998]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Remark" pageId="13" pageNumber="642">REMARK</smallCapsWord>
. — Concerning the taxonomy of this
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFB9FFEFAE9EF80AFA63F800" box="[1261,1420,1975,1999]" pageId="13" pageNumber="642">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFB9FFEFAE9EF80AFAADF800" box="[1261,1346,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="642">Afrixalus</emphasis>
species
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, we follow
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB9FFEFA903F86CFBF3F826" author="PICKERSGILL M." box="[880,1052,2001,2025]" pageId="13" pageNumber="642" pagination="23 - 37" refId="ref36827" refString="PICKERSGILL M. 2007. - A redefinition of Afrixalus fulvovittatus (Cope, 1860) and Afrixalus vittiger (Peters, 1876) (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae). African Journal of Herpetology 56 (1): 23 - 37. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 21564574.2007.9635551" type="journal article" year="2007">Pickersgill (2007)</bibRefCitation>
.
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A-C)
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. —
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•
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; Afagnan; MNHN- RA-1998.3081-3086, MNHN-RA-1998.3088, MNHN- RA-1998.3089 •
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,
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; Togblekopé;MNHN-RA-1993.3675-3677, MNHN-RA-2006.2291, MNHN-RA-2006.2292; Coll. GHS-W 0333, Coll. GHS-W 0340, Coll. GHS-W 0362, Coll. GHS-W 0363, Coll. GHS-W 0367-0369 •
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; Akloa; ZMB 77896, ZMB
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77897 •
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; Yo (Agomé Yo); Coll. GHS-W 0684.
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. — Small sized (SVL
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slender-bodied frog with a rounded snout. Head slightly longer than wide (HW 25-34% SVL; HL 30-37%
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). Tympanum barely distinct, covered by skin (TYD 2-5%
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). Tibia short (TL 40-45%
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). Webbing small with three phalanges free; webbing formula: I 2 – 2 ½
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1 – 3
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2 – 3
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3 – ½ V. Fingers and toes ending in discs. Skin smooth with asperities on dorsal part of body and flanks; belly granular in the posterior part.
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. — This species has variable whitish-yellow dorsal patterns on a brown dorsum. The most common form is two continuous pale, dorso-lateral bands running from the snout over the eyelids and ending shortly before the vent. In some specimens a narrower pale vertebral band is present. The flanks show a brown colouration similar to that of the back. In some populations the lateral bands are very wide, covering almost the entire back. The belly is white. In both males and females, the dorsal surface of the thighs and legs is brown with whitish pattern.
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. — The subgular vocal sac of male carries a large round and yellow gular gland.
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. — This species is characteristic of densely vegetated savannahs and degraded forests near ponds, rivers or other water bodies. It is more frequent in the southern part of the country (ecological zones III, IV and V). Specimens have been observed in Lomé and its surroundings (Togblékopé, Djagblé and Amédéhoévé), Notsé, Wahala, and the forest zone (Badou, Akloa and Yo). The northernmost records of this species in
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is the Badou region.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB9FFEFA9B7FD4AFBB1FCC1" author="BOURGAT R." box="[964,1118,758,783]" pageId="13" pageNumber="642" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB9FFEFAE1EFD48FAEDFCC1" author="SCHIOTZ A." box="[1133,1282,757,782]" pageId="13" pageNumber="642" refId="ref38309" refString="SCHIOTZ A. 1999. - Treefrogs of Africa. Chimaira, ̿ rankfurt am Main, 352 p." type="book" year="1999">SchiØtz (1999)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB9FFEFAF4BFD4BFC75FCE6" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; BOWESSIDJAOU J. E. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A." pageId="13" pageNumber="642" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref38374" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., BOWESSIDJAOU J. E., DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A. 2007. - Les Amphibiens du Togo: etat actuel des connaissances. Alytes 24 (1 - 4): 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2007">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFB9FFEFA95EFCACFCB4FCE6" box="[813,859,785,809]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="642">et al.</emphasis>
(2007
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB9FFEFA9D6FCACFC36FCE6" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[933,985,785,809]" pageId="13" pageNumber="642" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
) have indicated the presence of the species in the ecological zones III and IV.
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</treatment>
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFB9FFEFAB70FE4BFE04FDDE" bold="true" box="[259,491,502,529]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="642">Hemisus marmoratus</emphasis>
(Peters, 1854)
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. —
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•
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; Binaparba; MRAC 73.9. B.440 •
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,
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; Lomé; MNHN-RA-1994.3995, MNHN- RA-1994.3401-3428 •
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; Kpalimé; Coll. GHS-W 0318.
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. — This species is easily recognisable by its unique body shape with pointed snout, small eyes and short legs. Small to medium sized frog (SVL
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. — The dorsal colouration shows small white, yellow and dark spots of irregular shapes, intertwined on the back. The ventral side is white.
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. — The male has a purple throat that outlines the subgular vocal sac. Females are larger than males.
</paragraph>
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. — This species is mainly distributed in the Guinean and Sudanian savannah, but occurs in all ecological zones of
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFB9FFEFAAA2FB26FEEBFB7C" box="[209,260,1179,1203]" name="Togo" pageId="13" pageNumber="642">Togo</collectingCountry>
. It is often observed in the rainy season near small pools, although this fossorial species lays eggs outside of water in burrows, and can start breading activity before the rains set in. Females help tadpoles to reach water bodies (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB9FFEFABC5FB57FDB3FACD" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; SPIELER M. &amp; GRABOW K. &amp; BOCKHELER C." box="[438,604,1258,1282]" pageId="13" pageNumber="642" pagination="191 - 207" refId="ref37494" refString="RODEL M. - O., SPIELER M., GRABOW K. &amp; BOCKHELER C. 1995. - Hemisus marmoratus (PETERS, 1854) (Anura: Hemisotidae), ̿ ortpflanzungsstrategien eines Savannenfrosches. Bonner zoologische Beitrage 45: 191 - 207." type="journal article" year="1995">
Rödel
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFB9FFEFAB86FB56FDCBFACD" box="[501,548,1258,1282]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="642">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB9FFEFA81BFB57FF57FAD3" author="KYLE K. &amp; DU PREEZ L. H." pageId="13" pageNumber="642" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref35633" refString="KYLE K. &amp; DU PREEZ L. H. 2020. - Mom's taxi - Maternal care in shovel-nosed frogs Hemisus marmoratus and Hemisus guttatus. African Zoology 55 (1): 1 - 4. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 1562702 0.2019. 1677497" type="journal article" year="2020">Kyle &amp; du Preez 2020</bibRefCitation>
). Observations were made in Kpalimé and Naboulgou. This species has been reported from
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFB9FFEFABB1FAA2FE1BFAF8" box="[450,500,1311,1335]" name="Togo" pageId="13" pageNumber="642">Togo</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB9FFEFA86FFAA2FD58FAF8" author="BOURGAT R." box="[540,695,1311,1335]" pageId="13" pageNumber="642" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB9FFEFA8B5FAA2FF28FA9E" author="PNAE" pageId="13" pageNumber="642" refId="ref36882" refString="PNAE 2002. - Monographie nationale sur la diversite biologique. Rapport integral, MER ̿ - Togo, 172 p." type="book" year="2002">PNAE (2002)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB9FFEFAA8BFA84FE0BFA9E" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; BOWESSIDJAOU J. E. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A." box="[248,484,1337,1361]" pageId="13" pageNumber="642" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref38374" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., BOWESSIDJAOU J. E., DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A. 2007. - Les Amphibiens du Togo: etat actuel des connaissances. Alytes 24 (1 - 4): 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2007">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFB9FFEFAB07FA87FE4CFA9E" box="[372,419,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="642">et al.</emphasis>
(2007
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB9FFEFAB83FA84FDCBFA9E" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[496,548,1337,1361]" pageId="13" pageNumber="642" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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184
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. —
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•
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; Akloa; MNHN- RA-2008.0101, MNHN-RA-2008.0102 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBBFFEDAE80FC64FAF1FC3B" box="[1267,1310,985,1012]" count="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
,
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; Badou; MNHN-RA-1993.6126-6131 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBBFFEDAE06FC49FB73FBC0" box="[1141,1180,1012,1039]" count="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; Missahohé; ZMB 36090 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBBFFEDA95FFBB3FCBDFBE6" box="[812,850,1038,1065]" count="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
; Yégué; Coll. GHS-W 0696, Coll. GHS-W 0699, Coll. GHSW 0993 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBBFFEDA9ECFB95FC25FB8B" box="[927,970,1064,1092]" count="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
; Adjarala; Coll. GHS-W 1836, Coll. GHS-W 1837, Coll. GHS-W 1840 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBBFFEDAE27FBFEFB95FB91" box="[1108,1146,1091,1118]" count="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
; Yikpa-Dzigbe; Coll. GHS-W 1971, GHS-W 1972 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBBFFEDAE56FBE0FBA0FBB6" box="[1061,1103,1117,1145]" count="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
; MNHN-RA-1994.4496-4498 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBBFFEDA95CFBC5FCB7FB5C" box="[815,856,1144,1171]" count="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
; Tchamba; ZMB 77901-77903 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBBFFEDAEB9FBC5FB1DFB5C" box="[1226,1266,1144,1171]" count="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
; Lomé; MNHN- RA-1993.6088-6091.
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. — Slender to compact-bodied frog (SVL
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), more robust than previous species. Snout rounded or oval. Head slightly longer than broad (HW 28- 34% SVL; HL 31-39% SVL). Tympanum distinct, very small (TYD 2-5% SVL). Tibia moderately long (TL 46-49% SVL). Webbing large; webbing formula: I 1 – 1 ½ II ½ – 1 ½ III 1 – 1 IV 1 – ½ V. Fingers and toes terminated by disks. Skin uniformly smooth in the dorsal parts; smooth flanks; belly and chest granular.
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. — The dorsum is uniformly yellow or yellowish in life in males (with darker dorsal pattern) and green in females during the day. At night both sexes are yellow. Colour turns gray in alcohol. The ventral side is white.
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. — Sexes differ in colour and males have a yellow gland on the subgular vocal sac. Females are larger than males.
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HABITATS AND DISTRIBUTION. — This species is distributed in all ecological zones of the country. Field observations and museum vouchers indicate a higher frequency in the forest area (Badou region up to the boundary of Fazao). It is characteristic of savannahs associated with forest areas near water points (ponds or rivers). A few specimens were collected in gallery forests along the Yégué River in Adélé and along the gallery forest that leads to the Akloa waterfall in Badou. This species was reported in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBBFFEDAED8F8DAFB32F8B0" box="[1195,1245,1895,1919]" name="Togo" pageId="15" pageNumber="644">Togo</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBBFFEDAF71F8DBFA81F8B1" author="AHL E." box="[1282,1390,1894,1918]" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref32180" refString="AHL E. 1931. - Zur Systematik der afrikanischen Arten der Baumfroschgattung Hyperolius (Amph. Anur.). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17 (6): 1 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19310170604" type="journal article" year="1931">Ahl (1931)</bibRefCitation>
under the junior subjective synonyms
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBBFFEDAE06F83CFAD6F856" box="[1141,1337,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="644">Hyperolius depressus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBBFFEDA95DF826FBB1F87C" authority="Ahl, 1931" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1931" box="[814,1118,1947,1971]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hyperolius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBBFFEDA95DF826FC02F87C" box="[814,1005,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="644">Hyperolius togoensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBBFFEDA985F826FBB1F87C" author="AHL E." box="[1014,1118,1947,1971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref32180" refString="AHL E. 1931. - Zur Systematik der afrikanischen Arten der Baumfroschgattung Hyperolius (Amph. Anur.). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17 (6): 1 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19310170604" type="journal article" year="1931">Ahl, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBBFFEDAE18F826FAF9F87C" box="[1131,1302,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="644">Hyperolius moseri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBBFFEDAF6DF826FA6AF87C" author="AHL E." box="[1310,1413,1947,1971]" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref32180" refString="AHL E. 1931. - Zur Systematik der afrikanischen Arten der Baumfroschgattung Hyperolius (Amph. Anur.). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17 (6): 1 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19310170604" type="journal article" year="1931">Ahl, 1931</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBBFFEDA95DF80BFC30F802" box="[814,991,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="644">Hyperolius narinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBBFFEDA997F80BFBA9F801" author="AHL E." box="[996,1094,1974,1998]" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref32180" refString="AHL E. 1931. - Zur Systematik der afrikanischen Arten der Baumfroschgattung Hyperolius (Amph. Anur.). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17 (6): 1 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19310170604" type="journal article" year="1931">Ahl, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBBFFEDAE07F80BFB14F801" author="BOURGAT R." box="[1140,1275,1974,1998]" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat 1979</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBBFFEDAF74F80BFC8FF827" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; BOWESSIDJAOU J. E. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A." pageId="15" pageNumber="644" pagination="72 - 90" refId="ref38374" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., BOWESSIDJAOU J. E., DUBOIS A. &amp; OHLER A. 2007. - Les Amphibiens du Togo: etat actuel des connaissances. Alytes 24 (1 - 4): 72 - 90." type="journal article" year="2007">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBBFFEDAFF1F80BFA5FF801" box="[1410,1456,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="644">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBBFFEDA91FF86DFC70F827" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[876,927,2000,2024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBBFFEDA9D9F86DFBB4F827" author="TILLACK F. &amp; DE RUITER R. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[938,1115,2000,2024]" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" pagination="407 - 450" refId="ref38888" refString="TILLACK F., DE RUITER R. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2021. - A type catalogue of the reed frogs (Amphibia, Anura, Hyperoliidae) in the collection of the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin (ZMB) with comments on historical collectors and expeditions. Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (2): 407 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zse. 97.68000" type="journal article" year="2021">
Tillack
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBBFFEDA987F86CFBCCF827" box="[1012,1059,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="644">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
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162
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. —
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), slender frog with an oval snout. Head longer than broad (HW 21- 26% SVL; HL 28-35% SVL). Tympanum barely distinct, covered by skin (TYD
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). Tibia short (TL 35-42% SVL). Webbing small; webbing formula: I 1 – 1 ½ II 1 – 2 ½ III 1 – 3 IV 2 ½ – 1 V. Fingers and toes terminating with disks. Smooth skin with asperities on back and flanks, slightly granular on belly.
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. — The dorsal pattern is yellowish-brown. A distinct vertebral line is present. The upper part of the flank bears a longitudinal band from the posterior region of eye to the inguinal region. The lower part of the flank is white. The tympanic region is whitish, the dorsal surface of the hand, thigh, leg and foot is yellowish-brown. The ventral side (throat, chest, belly) is white.
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. — The male has a yellow gland on the subgular vocal sac and a higly granular zone on the side of the head behind the mouth opening.
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. — The presence of this species in
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was reported for the first time by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBBFFEDA84FFB8BFCE8FB81" author="LEACHE A. D. &amp; RODEL M. - O. &amp; LINKEM C. W. &amp; DIAZ R. E. &amp; HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K." box="[572,775,1078,1102]" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" pagination="22 - 45" refId="ref36129" refString="LEACHE A. D., RODEL M. - O., LINKEM C. W., DIAZ R. E., HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K. 2006. - Biodiversity in a forest island: reptiles and amphibians of the West African Togo hills. Amphibian &amp; Reptile Conservation 4: 22 - 45. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 51145036" type="journal article" year="2006">
Leaché
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBBFFEDA8FBFB8AFD55FB81" box="[648,698,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="644">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
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from specimens collected in the Ghana-Togo border area. Observations without vouchers were made in Akloa, Tomegbe, Assoukoko and Fazao Malfakassa National Park (Kpei Solongo). This species occurs only in savannah areas. It is often found in habitats with grasses around pools. Ecological zone I constitutes its main distribution area in
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. Populations of this species have been recently observed along the Mono River from Tetetou to Nagbeto dam (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBBFFEDAB4FFAB7FDC2FAED" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[316,557,1290,1314]" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBBFFEDABCDFAB6FE1FFAED" box="[446,496,1290,1314]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="644">et al.</emphasis>
2022
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). It is also present in ecological zones II and IV.
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. —
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•
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; Akloa; MNHN-RA-2008.0104 •
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; Kouma-Tokpli; MNHN-RA-2008.0106; Coll. GHS-W 1792 •
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,
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; Missahohé; MNHN-RA-2008.0107, MNHN- RA-2008.0108, MNHN-RA-2008.0111, MNHN-RA-2008.0112, MNHN-RA-2008.0114, MNHN-RA-2008.0115 •
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,
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; Oga; MNHN-RA-2008.0103, MNHN-RA-2008.0105, MNHN- RA-2008.0109, MNHN-RA-2008.0110, MNHN-RA-2008.0113 •
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; Yégué; Coll. GHS-W 0695 •
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; Diguengué; ZMB 77900 •
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; Assoukoko; Coll. GHS-W 1742, Coll. GHS-W 1743.
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. — Slender frog (SVL
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). Snout slightly rounded. Head slightly longer than broad (HW 26-35% SVL; HL 32-38% SVL). Tympanum barely distinct, covered by skin (TYD 2-4% SVL). Hind leg moderately long (TL 47-50% SVL). Webbing moderately large, leaving up to two phalanges free; webbing formula I 1 – 1 ½ II ½ – 2 III ½ – 2 IV 1 ½ – ½ V. Fingers and toes terminated by discs. Skin smooth on the back, head and flanks; chest and belly granular.
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. — The back colour is brown. The upper parts of the flanks are marked by a more yellow dorso-lateral band. The lower parts have a black band tinted with small white or yellowish dots. The loreal and tympanic regions are black with small white or yellow dots. The posterior surface of the thighs is reddish or pink. The ventral side has a whitish colouration.
</paragraph>
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. — Males with gland on subgular vocal sac. Females are distinctly larger than males.
</paragraph>
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. — Originally, the species was collected in Missahohé (Kpalimé), forest area of
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBBFFEDAED6FDBEFB38FDD4" box="[1189,1239,515,539]" name="Togo" pageId="15" pageNumber="644">Togo</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBBFFEDAE96FDBFFAADFDD5" author="AHL E." box="[1253,1346,514,538]" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref32180" refString="AHL E. 1931. - Zur Systematik der afrikanischen Arten der Baumfroschgattung Hyperolius (Amph. Anur.). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 17 (6): 1 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19310170604" type="journal article" year="1931">Ahl 1931</bibRefCitation>
). This species is endemic to the Togo-Ghana forest zone according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBBFFEDAF14FDA6FC9FFD80" author="SCHIOTZ A." pageId="15" pageNumber="644" refId="ref38309" refString="SCHIOTZ A. 1999. - Treefrogs of Africa. Chimaira, ̿ rankfurt am Main, 352 p." type="book" year="1999">SchiØtz (1999)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBBFFEDA90EFD8AFBB6FD80" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C." box="[893,1113,567,591]" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" pagination="207 - 234" refId="ref37242" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C. 2003. - Amphibians of the Togo- Volta highlands, eastern Ghana. Salamandra 39: 207 - 234." type="journal article" year="2003">Rödel &amp; Agyei (2003)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBBFFEDAEF8FD8AFAA0FD80" author="LEACHE A. D. &amp; RODEL M. - O. &amp; LINKEM C. W. &amp; DIAZ R. E. &amp; HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K." box="[1163,1359,567,591]" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" pagination="22 - 45" refId="ref36129" refString="LEACHE A. D., RODEL M. - O., LINKEM C. W., DIAZ R. E., HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K. 2006. - Biodiversity in a forest island: reptiles and amphibians of the West African Togo hills. Amphibian &amp; Reptile Conservation 4: 22 - 45. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 51145036" type="journal article" year="2006">
Leaché
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBBFFEDAEA6FD85FAEBFD80" box="[1237,1284,567,591]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="644">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
. It is very abundant throughout the forest area of
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBBFFEDAEDCFDEFFB0BFDA5" box="[1199,1252,594,618]" name="Togo" pageId="15" pageNumber="644">Togo</collectingCountry>
. It occurs likewise in savannahs associated with forest areas near watercourses or pools. Males are usually sitting on grasses (
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBBFFEDAEFEFD3AFAECFD50" box="[1165,1283,647,671]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Panicum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBBFFEDAEFEFD3AFB0FFD51" box="[1165,1248,647,670]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="644">Panicum</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
) at heights of
<quantity id="4CA09B57FFBBFFEDAFE3FD3BFC82FD77" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" unit="m" value="2.25" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5 to 3 m</quantity>
above the ground, usually above water. This species was observed from the lower Missahohé Mountain (Yo, Agome) to Yégué in Adélé. The northernmost record in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBBFFEDAEE3FD6BFB2EFD21" box="[1168,1217,726,750]" name="Togo" pageId="15" pageNumber="644">Togo</collectingCountry>
is from Malfakassa valley (
<geoCoordinate id="EE6C5075FFBBFFEDA940FD4DFC2FFCC7" box="[819,960,752,776]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" precision="1" seconds="45.54" value="9.1793165">9°10’45.54”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6C5075FFBBFFEDA9B9FD4DFBBFFCC7" box="[970,1104,752,776]" degrees="0" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="644" precision="1" seconds="16.69" value="0.97130275">0°58’16.69”E</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

203
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBA9C6FA0FFB83FA02" bold="true" box="[949,1132,1458,1485]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Leptopelis viridis</emphasis>
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. —
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•
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;
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; MNHN- RA-2008.0126-0128
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•
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<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBDFFEBAE67F991FBD3F988" box="[1044,1084,1580,1607]" count="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
;
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; MNHN-RA-1993.6094-6096
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFBDFFEBA94EF9FBFA70F991" box="[829,1439,1606,1633]" location="Lome" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Kara">
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBDFFEBA94EF9FBFC8CF9AE" box="[829,867,1606,1633]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<location id="8E876069FFBDFFEBA903F9FBFC44F991" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFBDFFE8A9C6FA0FFD1CFD74:8E876069FFBDFFEBA903F9FBFC44F991" box="[880,939,1606,1630]" name="Lome" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" stateProvince="Kara">Lomé</location>
; MNHN-RA-1993.6097, MNHN-RA-1993.6098
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B303CEFFFBDFFEBA95EF9DCFAC1F9B6" box="[813,1326,1632,1660]" collectorName="Coll." location="Coll." municipality="Siou" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Kara">
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBDFFEBA95EF9DCFCBBF9B3" box="[813,852,1633,1660]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="6B83ACC8FFBDFFEBA913F9DDFC60F9B7" box="[864,911,1632,1656]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Siou</collectingMunicipality>
;
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GHS-W 1379,
<collectorName id="26AD5364FFBDFFEBAE1BF9DDFB75F9B7" box="[1128,1178,1632,1656]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Coll.</collectorName>
GHS-W 1380
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.
</paragraph>
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. — Tree frog of medium size (SVL
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), relatively elongated. Snout rounded, slightly oval. Head wider than long (HW 36-43% SVL; HL 34-40% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 7-9% SVL).Tibia short (TL 37-50% SVL). Webbing present, rudimentary, leaving up to four phalanges free; webbing formula: I 2 – 2 ½ II 2 – 3 III 2 – 4 IV 3 ½ – 2 V. Very prominent subarticular tubercles. Fingers and toes terminated by discs. Smooth skin on back and flanks; belly strongly granular.
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. — The dorsal colouration is greyish with a triangular black spot in the orbital region, its tip pointing posteriorly and separating into two branches ending in the posterior part of the back. The loreal and tympanic regions are black. The iris is golden in live specimens, with the sclera of the eye bluish. The dorsal faces of the forearm, thigh and tibia are grayish with dark transverse bands. The belly is white.
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. — Males have glandular folds on the throat indicating the subgular vocal sac.
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. — This species is characteristic of Guinean woodland savannahs, dry and semi-deciduous forests (
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;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8AAB2FE07FE5DFE1C" author="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[193,434,442,467]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" refId="ref33292" refString="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2019. - Field guide to the frogs and other amphibians of Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 408 p." type="book" year="2019">Channing &amp; Rödel 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Males are often perched on shrubs
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high, sometimes on trees
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high in forest areas. The species is common in ecological zone IV (Badou region) and in zone II along the Fazao mountain range to the latitude of Alédjo.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8AAF7FD98FEF4FDF3" author="BOURGAT R." box="[132,283,548,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8AB54FD99FE0AFDF3" author="HILLERS A. &amp; BOATENG C. O. &amp; SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[295,485,548,572]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref34638" refString="HILLERS A., BOATENG C. O., SEGNIAGBETO G. H., AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2009. - The amphibians in the forests of southern Ghana and western Togo. Zoosystematics and Evolution 85 (1): 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / zoos. 200800019" type="journal article" year="2009">
Hillers
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBEFFE8AB1CFD98FE72FDF3" box="[367,413,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="639">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8A866FD99FCE8FDF3" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[533,775,548,572]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBEFFE8A8E2FD98FD50FDF3" box="[657,703,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="639">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
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reported its presence in ecological zones II, III and IV of the country.
</paragraph>
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. —
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8ABFCFDD3FE1AFD49" author="AHL E." box="[399,501,622,646]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" pagination="245 - 254" refId="ref32126" refString="AHL E. 1924. - Neue Reptilien und Batrachier aus dem Zoologischen Museum Berlin. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (A) 90: 245 - 254." type="journal article" year="1924">Ahl (1924</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8A870FDD3FDD8FD49" author="AHL E." box="[515,567,622,646]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" pagination="185 - 222" refId="ref32154" refString="AHL E. 1929. - Zur Kenntnis der afrikanischen BaumfroschGattung Leptopelis. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1929: 185 - 222." type="journal article" year="1929">1929</bibRefCitation>
) described
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBEFFE8A8D8FDD3FF53FD6E" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="639">Leptopelis nanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8AAB2FD34FECDFD6E" author="AHL E." box="[193,290,649,673]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" pagination="245 - 254" refId="ref32126" refString="AHL E. 1924. - Neue Reptilien und Batrachier aus dem Zoologischen Museum Berlin. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte (A) 90: 245 - 254." type="journal article" year="1924">Ahl, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBEFFE8AB3CFD34FD8CFD6E" authority="Ahl, 1929" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1929" box="[335,611,649,673]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptopelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="togoensis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBEFFE8AB3CFD34FE11FD6F" box="[335,510,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="639">Leptopelis togoensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8A871FD34FD8CFD6E" author="AHL E." box="[514,611,649,673]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" pagination="185 - 222" refId="ref32154" refString="AHL E. 1929. - Zur Kenntnis der afrikanischen BaumfroschGattung Leptopelis. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1929: 185 - 222." type="journal article" year="1929">Ahl, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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from
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. Both are considered junior subjective synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBEFFE8A84DFD1EFD02FD74" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1869" box="[574,749,675,699]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hylambates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBEFFE8A84DFD1EFD02FD74" box="[574,749,675,699]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="639">Hylambates viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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Rödel, 2007
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(
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
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•
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<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBDFFEBABDCF912FE3CF905" box="[431,467,1711,1738]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
; Akloa; MNHN-RA-2008.0118; Coll. GHS-W 0670 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBDFFEBAB10F977FE64F92A" box="[355,395,1738,1765]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBDFFEBABEAF977FE51F92A" box="[409,446,1738,1765]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; Fazao; MNHN-RA-2008.0120, MNHN-RA-2008.0122, MNHN-RA-2008.0124 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBDFFEBA8EEF959FD29F930" box="[669,710,1764,1791]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; Oga; MNHN-RA-2008.0119 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBDFFEBABECF943FE28F8D5" box="[415,455,1790,1818]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; Yégué; Coll. GHS-W 0642 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBDFFEBAAF5F8A4FF46F8FB" box="[134,169,1817,1844]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; Alédjo; MRAC 73.9.B.372 •
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBDFFEBABA8F8A4FDEFF8FB" box="[475,512,1817,1844]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
; Kouma-Tokpli; MNHN- RA-2008.0121, MNHN-RA-2008.0123.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFBDFFEBAAF7F8DAFB24FCC5" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFBDFFEBAAF7F8DAFA48FEEB" blockId="9.[132,776,1894,2025]" lastBlockId="9.[811,1455,215,292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFBDFFEBAAF7F8DAFEE7F8B2" baselines="1912,1913" box="[132,264,1895,1918]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
. — Tree frog of medium size (SVL 32.5-36.5
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBDFFEBA8B3F8D6FD3BF84D" box="[704,724,1899,1922]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
mm,
<quantity id="4CA09B57FFBDFFEBAAF7F83CFEF4F856" box="[132,283,1921,1945]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="4.55" metricValueMin="3.85" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" unit="mm" value="42.0" valueMax="45.5" valueMin="38.5">38.5-45.5 mm</quantity>
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBDFFEBAB57F838FED9F853" box="[292,310,1925,1948]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
), with a fairly robust elongated body. Snout rounded and oval. Head wider than long (HW 37-46% SVL; HL 35-42% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 6-9% SVL). Tibia short (TL 40-47% SVL). Webbing moderate, leaving two phalanges free; webbing formula: I 1 – 1 II 1 – 2 III 1 – 2 IV 2 – 1 V. Very prominent subarticular tubercles. Fingers and toes ending in discs without grooves. Smooth skin on back and flanks, belly strongly granular.
</paragraph>
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. — The dorsal colouration is brown with a transverse triangular dark spot in the orbital region, splitting into two branches and extending in the posterior part of the back. The loreal and tympanic regions are black. The iris is golden in live specimens, its upper part being orange-red in colour. The belly is whitish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFBDFFEBA95EFE68FBF1FDED" blockId="9.[811,1455,469,546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFBDFFEBA95EFE68FC9AFE24" baselines="487,487" box="[813,885,469,493]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Sexual" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">SEXUAL</smallCapsWord>
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. — Males have glandular folds on the throat indicating the subgular vocal sac. Females with a convoluted oviduct have large white oocytes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFBDFFEBA95EFD87FB24FCC5" blockId="9.[811,1456,569,779]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFBDFFEBA9E5FD82FC2FFD9F" baselines="588" box="[918,960,575,592]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">AND</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFBDFFEBA9BBFD82FBBEFD9F" baselines="588" box="[968,1105,575,592]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
. — This species has been reported from Yégué, Akloa and Missahohé in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBDFFEBAEEBFDE9FB25FDA3" box="[1176,1226,596,620]" name="Togo" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Togo</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBAE9EFDE9FA46FDA3" author="HILLERS A. &amp; BOATENG C. O. &amp; SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[1261,1449,596,620]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref34638" refString="HILLERS A., BOATENG C. O., SEGNIAGBETO G. H., AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2009. - The amphibians in the forests of southern Ghana and western Togo. Zoosystematics and Evolution 85 (1): 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / zoos. 200800019" type="journal article" year="2009">
Hillers
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAF41FDE8FA8EFDA3" box="[1330,1377,596,620]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBA95EFDD3FBCEFD49" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[813,1057,622,646]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBA9DAFDD2FC36FD49" box="[937,985,622,646]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
reports its occurrence in ecological zone III of the country. It occurs in forests or wooded savannahs. It is common in ecological zones IV and II (Kouma, Badou, Adélè, Fazao and Alédjo regions). Males are often found near streams (small rivers or torrents). Observations have been made in the Fazao Malfakassa National Park at elevations above
<quantity id="4CA09B57FFBDFFEBAE04FD4EFB28FCC5" box="[1143,1223,755,779]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426539FFBDFFEBA95EFC9EFC5AFAAF" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFBDFFEBA95EFC9EFB0BFB2E" blockId="9.[812,1457,802,1249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">
<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFBDFFEBA95EFC9EFC91FCF6" baselines="820,821" box="[813,894,803,826]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Remark" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">REMARK</smallCapsWord>
. —
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBA9D9FC9FFB6CFCF5" authorityName="ROdel" authorityYear="2007" box="[938,1155,802,826]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptopelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spiritusnoctis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBA9D9FC9FFB6CFCF5" box="[938,1155,802,826]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Leptopelis spiritusnoctis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has many morphological similarities with
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBA9DEFC80FB54FC9A" authority="(Gunther, 1869)" authorityName="Siou" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[941,1211,829,853]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptopelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBA9DEFC80FBE8FC9A" box="[941,1031,829,853]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">L. viridis</emphasis>
(Günther, 1869)
</taxonomicName>
. With some experience,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBA95DFCE5FC66FCA0" authorityName="Siou" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[814,905,855,879]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptopelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBA95DFCE5FC66FCA0" box="[814,905,855,879]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">L. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognised by its “rounder” and more “bulgy” body;
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBA918FCCFFC12FC46" authorityName="ROdel" authorityYear="2007" box="[875,1021,882,905]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptopelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spiritusnoctis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBA918FCCFFC12FC46" box="[875,1021,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">L. spiritusnoctis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a more “edgy” body shape and a shorter head. The easiest criteria available for field identification are the male advertisement calls and the colouration of the upper edge of the eye in live specimens. In
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAE37FC7FFB75FC16" authorityName="Siou" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1092,1178,961,985]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptopelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAE37FC7FFB75FC16" box="[1092,1178,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">L. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the male advertisement call is composed of two notes while the male calls in
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAF68FC61FA40FC3C" authorityName="ROdel" authorityYear="2007" box="[1307,1455,988,1011]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptopelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spiritusnoctis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAF68FC61FA40FC3C" box="[1307,1455,988,1011]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">L. spiritusnoctis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consist in only one note.
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAE50FC4BFB12FBC1" authorityName="ROdel" authorityYear="2007" box="[1059,1277,1014,1038]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptopelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spiritusnoctis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAE50FC4BFB12FBC1" box="[1059,1277,1014,1038]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Leptopelis spiritusnoctis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
often also utters a very faint territorial call (“krrkrrr”). For call variation in
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAF20FBACFA46FBE7" authorityName="Siou" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1363,1449,1040,1064]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptopelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAF20FBACFA46FBE7" box="[1363,1449,1040,1064]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">L. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBA922FB96FBE3FB8C" author="GRAFE T. U. &amp; STEFFEN J. &amp; STOLL C." box="[849,1036,1067,1091]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="13 - 23" refId="ref34283" refString="GRAFE T. U., STEFFEN J. &amp; STOLL C. 2000. - Vocal repertoire and effect of advertisement call intensity on calling behaviour in the West African tree frog, Leptopelis viridis. Amphibia-Reptilia 21 (1): 13 - 23." type="journal article" year="2000">
Grafe
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBA9E3FB91FC2EFB8C" box="[912,961,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">et al.</emphasis>
(2000)
</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAE69FB91FB5FFB8D" authorityName="ROdel" authorityYear="2007" box="[1050,1200,1067,1091]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptopelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spiritusnoctis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAE69FB91FB5FFB8D" box="[1050,1200,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">L. spiritusnoctis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a golden iris with an orange-red coloured spot in the upper part, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAF2AFBFBFA5FFB92" authorityName="Siou" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1369,1456,1093,1117]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptopelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAF2AFBFBFA5FFB92" box="[1369,1456,1093,1117]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">L. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the iris is entirely golden brown and the sclera blackish. The two taxa may overlap in some habitats, i.e., wooded savannahs, dry and semi-deciduous forests. In open savannah, only
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAF7FFB28FA8AFB62" authorityName="Siou" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1292,1381,1173,1197]" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptopelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAF7FFB28FA8AFB62" box="[1292,1381,1173,1197]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">L. viridis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will be encountered, whereas this species does not enter closed forest. In alcohol, both taxa are difficult to distinguish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFBDFFEBA95EFB47FC5AFAAF" blockId="9.[813,1455,1273,1377]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D01A06EFFBDFFEBA9DAFB42FC11FADF" baselines="1292" box="[937,1022,1279,1296]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="remarks" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
. — This species has long been called
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAF25FB44FBC1FAE3" authority="(Boulenger, 1906)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptopelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyloides">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAF25FB44FC9AFAE3" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Leptopelis hyloides</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBDFFEBA9F2FAA9FBC8FAE3" author="BOULENGER G. A." box="[897,1063,1300,1324]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" pagination="157 - 172" refId="ref32983" refString="BOULENGER G. A. 1906. - Report on the Batrachians collected by the late L. ̿ ea in West Africa. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 2: 157 - 172." type="journal article" year="1906">Boulenger, 1906</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but the study of the “
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAF74FAA9FCA7FA89" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1906" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hylambates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyloides">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAF74FAA9FCA7FA89" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">Hylambates hyloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”
<typeStatus id="54E38810FFBDFFEBA92AFA92FC6CFA88" box="[857,899,1327,1351]" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">type</typeStatus>
specimen identified
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAE3EFA92FB5FFA89" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1906" box="[1101,1200,1326,1350]" class="Amphibia" family="Hyperoliidae" genus="Hylambates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hyloides">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAE3EFA92FB5FFA89" box="[1101,1200,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">L. hyloides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBDFFEBAF2AFA92FC40FAAE" authority="(Rodel 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Rodel" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Arthroleptidae" genus="Leptopelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="638" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="viridis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBDFFEBAF2AFA92FA40FA89" box="[1369,1455,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="638">L. viridis</emphasis>
(Rödel 2007)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="AB269CF3EB132F6577F7E21266707D15">Amphibians of Togo: taxonomy, distribution and conservation status</mods:title>
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First described from
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,
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is recorded from
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by
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, who reported having dissected five Togolese specimens as part of his work on amphibian trematodes. He did not specify the precise localities of the specimens. According to
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and
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, this species is characteristic of open savannahs. The presence of this species in northern
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is very likely and congruent with the ecological characteristics of its habitat. It has been reported from
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(
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;
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Ayoro
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2020
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),
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,
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(
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) and
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(
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Nago
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2006
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(
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. —
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•
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,
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;
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; MNHN- RA-1995.7155, MNHN-RA-1995.7165-7167
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•
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;
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; MNHN-RA-1995.4399-4401
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•
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;
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; MNHN-RA-2006.2177, MNHN-RA-2006.2180, MNHN-RA-2006.2188
</materialsCitation>
•
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<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBEFFE8AF5BFBA1FAA4FBF8" box="[1320,1355,1052,1079]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<location id="8E876069FFBEFFE8AF25FBA1FA44FBFB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFBEFFE8A9C2FCC9FAB1F932:8E876069FFBEFFE8AF25FBA1FA44FBFB" box="[1366,1451,1052,1076]" name="Kpalime" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" stateProvince="Kara">Kpalimé</location>
; MNHN-RA-2006.2181
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.
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. — Large toad (SVL
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,
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), with robust body. Snout rounded. Head wider than long (HW 36- 42% SVL; HL 29-36% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 7-8% SVL). Tibia short (TL 37-42% SVL). Webbing rudimentary, leaving four phalanges free; webbing formula: I 1 ½ – 2 ½ II 1 ½ – 3 III 2 – 4 IV 4 – 2 V. Skin with distinct warts on the dorsal parts (back, flanks, thighs, legs); belly granular. Parotoid glands large, flat, smooth, separated from the eyelids.
</paragraph>
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. — The dorsal colouration is gray, light brown, brown, with more or less dark spots. The flanks, tympanum and loreal region are brown, light brown or beige. The dorsal side of forearm, thigh, leg and feet is of light brown with darker stripes. Chest and belly are dark gray.
</paragraph>
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. — Males have a subgular vocal sac, indicated by a blackish colouration. It is often more robust and its forelegs are stronger than those of females. Males have well developed nuptial pads on their thumbs.
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. —
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBEFFE8AE0EF9DCFAD5F9B6" authorityName="Adjarala" baseAuthorityName="Reuss" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1149,1338,1633,1657]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Sclerophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="regularis">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBEFFE8AE0EF9DCFAD5F9B6" box="[1149,1338,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="639">Sclerophrys regularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the most common amphibian species in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBEFFE8AE1AF9C1FB71F95B" box="[1129,1182,1660,1684]" name="Togo" pageId="10" pageNumber="639">Togo</collectingCountry>
, present in all regions, and widely distributed throughout Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8AEC6F92BFACBF961" author="FROST D. R." box="[1205,1316,1686,1710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" refId="ref33957" refString="FROST D. R. 1985. - Amphibian Species of the World, a Taxonomic and Geographical References. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas, 732 p." type="book" year="1985">Frost 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8AF41F92BFA46F961" author="RODEL M. - O." box="[1330,1449,1686,1710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" refId="ref37146" refString="RODEL M. - O. 2000. - Herpetofauna of West Africa. Vol 1. Amphibians of theWest African savanna. ̿ rankfurt am Main, Chimaira, 335 p." type="book" year="2000">Rödel 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8A95EF90DFBCAF907" author="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[813,1061,1712,1736]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" refId="ref33292" refString="CHANNING A. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2019. - Field guide to the frogs and other amphibians of Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 408 p." type="book" year="2019">Channing &amp; Rödel 2019</bibRefCitation>
). Its presence in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBEFFE8AEB9F90CFB13F906" box="[1226,1276,1713,1737]" name="Togo" pageId="10" pageNumber="639">Togo</collectingCountry>
has been reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8A93BF976FC35F92C" author="BOURGAT R." box="[840,986,1739,1763]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8A996F976FB50F92C" author="SALAMI-CADOUX M. - L." box="[997,1215,1739,1763]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" refId="ref38226" refString="SALAMI-CADOUX M. - L. 1979. - Cycle et epidemilogie de la Polystomatidae parasite de l'Amphibien Bufo regularis au Togo. Doctoral thesis, Universite de Perpignan, 394 p." type="book" year="1979">Salami-Cadoux (1979)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8AEBBF976FA47F92C" author="PUJOL P. &amp; EXBRAYAT J. M." box="[1224,1448,1739,1763]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" pagination="8 - 15" refId="ref36979" refString="PUJOL P. &amp; EXBRAYAT J. M. 1987. - Observations preliminaires sur la structure et les secretions mucipares de l'oviducte de Bufo regularis (Reuss, 1834), amphibien anoure tropical. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 44: 8 - 15." type="journal article" year="1987">Pujol &amp; Exbrayat (1987</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8A95EF958FC8EF932" author="PUJOL P. &amp; EXBRAYAT J. - M." box="[813,865,1765,1789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" pagination="12 - 52" refId="ref37028" refString="PUJOL P. &amp; EXBRAYAT J. - M. 2002. - Quelques aspects de la biologie de reproduction et des cycles sexuels chez Bufo regularis Reuss (1834), Amphibien Anoure. Bulletin mensuel de la Societe linneenne de Lyon 71 (1): 12 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / linly. 2002.13366" type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8A907F958FBDCF932" author="HILLERS A. &amp; BOATENG C. O. &amp; SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[884,1075,1765,1789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref34638" refString="HILLERS A., BOATENG C. O., SEGNIAGBETO G. H., AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2009. - The amphibians in the forests of southern Ghana and western Togo. Zoosystematics and Evolution 85 (1): 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / zoos. 200800019" type="journal article" year="2009">
Hillers
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBEFFE8A9CFF95BFC04F932" box="[956,1003,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="639">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8AE17F958FAB7F932" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[1124,1368,1765,1789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBEFFE8AE93F95BFAE0F932" box="[1248,1295,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="639">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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. —
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•
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; Kpalimé; MNHN-RA-2006.2184, MNHN-RA-2006.2187 •
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GHS-W 0644,
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. — Large to medium sized toad (SVL
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). Very short hind legs (TL 35-41% SVL). Snout rounded. Head wider than long (HW 33-43% SVL; HL 27-37% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 6-9% SVL). Webbing present, small, leaving three phalanges free; webbing formula: I 1 ½ – 2 II 1 ½ – 2 III 2 – 3 IV 3 – 1 V. Skin with horny spinules on dorsal parts (back, flanks, thighs, legs), belly granular. Parotoid glands elongate and flat, with spiny warts, close to eyelid.
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. — The dorsal colouration is ochre brown with dark, gray, beige and whitish spots of irregular shapes. The dorsal sides of the forearm, thigh and tibia have the same colour as the back. Belly, chest and throat are whitish. Breeding males may become bright yellow depending on the habitats.
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. — Males have a subgular vocal sac, indicated by a black-yellow colouration. Males have stronger forelegs than females and black nuptial pads on the thumbs and dorsal part of digit II.
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. — Very common in ecological zones IV and II, this toad is often present in degraded, open or dry forest ecosystems. The species is also found in ecological zones I, III and V of the country (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8AB11F9C0FDA7F959" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[354,584,1661,1686]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBEFFE8ABADF9C3FDE1F95A" box="[478,526,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="639">et al.</emphasis>
2022
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).
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8A82FF9C0FF28F97F" author="PUJOL P. &amp; EXBRAYAT J. - M." pageId="10" pageNumber="639" pagination="12 - 52" refId="ref37028" refString="PUJOL P. &amp; EXBRAYAT J. - M. 2002. - Quelques aspects de la biologie de reproduction et des cycles sexuels chez Bufo regularis Reuss (1834), Amphibien Anoure. Bulletin mensuel de la Societe linneenne de Lyon 71 (1): 12 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / linly. 2002.13366" type="journal article" year="2002">Pujol &amp; Exbrayat (2002)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8AA87F925FE44F97F" author="HILLERS A. &amp; BOATENG C. O. &amp; SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[244,427,1688,1712]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref34638" refString="HILLERS A., BOATENG C. O., SEGNIAGBETO G. H., AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2009. - The amphibians in the forests of southern Ghana and western Togo. Zoosystematics and Evolution 85 (1): 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / zoos. 200800019" type="journal article" year="2009">
Hillers
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBEFFE8AB4AF924FE8AF97F" box="[313,357,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="639">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
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reported its distribution in Kpalimé, Badou and Adélé areas.
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBEFFE8AA8AF8ACFE24F8E3" bold="true" box="[249,459,1809,1836]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="639">Sclerophrys pentoni</emphasis>
(Anderson, 1893)
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. —
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•
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; Nanergou; MRAC 73.9.B.403.
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. —
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•
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,
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; Koza; MRAC 75.3.B.196, MRAC 75.3.B.197.
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•
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,
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; no locality; MNHN-RA-1979.470-483
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.
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. — Large to medium sized toad (SVL
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,
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). Very short hind legs (TL 34-36%
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). Snout rounded. Head wider than long (HW 34-47% SVL; HL 25-41%
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).Tympanum distinct (TYD
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). Webbing rudimentary, leaving four phalanges free; webbing formula: I 1 – 2
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1 ½ – 2 ½
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2 – 4
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4 – 1 V. Skin with large, rounded warts on the dorsal parts (back, flanks, thighs, legs), belly granular. Parotoid gland prominent, smooth, widely separated from eyelids.
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. — The colouration is gray or brownish on the back, the parotoid glands appearing darker. The dorsal face of arms, thighs, legs and feet is gray. The chest and belly are white.
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. — The male has a subgular vocal sac of black and white colouration. The forelegs of males are more robust than those of females.
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. —
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBEFFE8AE1EFD34FAF4FD6E" box="[1133,1307,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="639">Sclerophrys pentoni</emphasis>
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is mainly a species of Sudanian savannahs throughout West Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8AF5DFD19FA4EFD73" author="RODEL M. - O." box="[1326,1441,676,700]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" refId="ref37146" refString="RODEL M. - O. 2000. - Herpetofauna of West Africa. Vol 1. Amphibians of theWest African savanna. ̿ rankfurt am Main, Chimaira, 335 p." type="book" year="2000">Rödel 2000</bibRefCitation>
), but it occurs also in East Africa (
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBEFFE8AE04FD03FB5AFD19" box="[1143,1205,702,726]" name="Egypt" pageId="10" pageNumber="639">Egypt</collectingCountry>
,
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) and even in the Middle East (
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBEFFE8A9C5FD64FC10FD3E" box="[950,1023,729,753]" name="Yemen" pageId="10" pageNumber="639">Yemen</collectingCountry>
). In
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, the distribution of this species is limited to the far north in ecological zone I. Vouchers of this species deposited by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBEFFE8A9A4FCB3FB4DFCE9" author="BOURGAT R. &amp; MORERE J. J. &amp; KULO S. D." box="[983,1186,782,806]" pageId="10" pageNumber="639" pagination="567 - 580" refId="ref33050" refString="BOURGAT R., MORERE J. J. &amp; KULO S. D. 1983. - Nouvelles recoltes de Eupolystoma alluaudi (de Beauchamp, 1913) en Afrique. Considerations sur l'aire et les hotes de ce Monogenea (Vermes). Revue de zoologie africaine 97 (3): 567 - 580." type="journal article" year="1983">
Bourgat
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBEFFE8AE58FCB3FBB5FCE9" box="[1067,1114,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="639">et al.</emphasis>
(1983)
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at the Paris Museum under the numbers MNHN-RA-1980.1145-1148 could not be traced.
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBEFFE8A9CFF88CFB75F884" bold="true" box="[956,1178,1841,1868]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="639">Sclerophrys togoensis</emphasis>
(
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(
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. —
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•
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; Bismarckburg (currently
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); ZMB 27010, ZMB 27011 (
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•
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; Diguengue; ZMB 77821.
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. — Medium to large toad (SVL
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,
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), with somewhat stocky body. Snout rounded. Head wider than long (HW 37-39% SVL; HL 33-36% SVL). Tympanum distinct (TYD 6-7% SVL). Tibia short (TL 41-43% SVL). Webbing small, leaving about three phalanges free; webbing formula: I 1 – 2 II 1 – 3 III 2 – 3 ½ IV 3 ½ – 2 V. Skin with flat warts on the back; flanks, thighs and legs short with warts bearing horny spinules. Belly granular. Parotoid glands narrow, long, almost smooth, nearly touching the eyelids.
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. — The dorsal colouration is characterised by brownish, whitish and black spots of irregular shapes. There is a transverse whitish band at the orbital level. The snout and anterior end of the head are brownish. The flanks have a brown to whitish spotted pattern. The dorsal part of forearm, arm, thigh and foot exhibit brown and whitish transverse bands.
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. — The males have a subgular vocal sac indicated by a black colouration. They are often more robust and their forelegs stronger than those of females.
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. — The current knowledge of this species in
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is based on two new vouchers collected in Diguengué. Beside the specimens used in the original description (
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), its presence has also been reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9AB8EFCFEFD7AFC94" author="BOURGAT R." box="[509,661,835,859]" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
in Tinkoro (now Tintro in Adélé). No further mention of the species has been made in recent works on the herpetofauna of
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and adjacent
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBFFFE9AAF5FC2FFF28FC65" box="[134,199,914,938]" name="Ghana" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">Ghana</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9AAA0FC2FFE7AFC65" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C." box="[211,405,914,938]" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="207 - 234" refId="ref37242" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C. 2003. - Amphibians of the Togo- Volta highlands, eastern Ghana. Salamandra 39: 207 - 234." type="journal article" year="2003">Rödel &amp; Agyei 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9ABEDFC2FFDA8FC65" author="LEACHE A. D. &amp; RODEL M. - O. &amp; LINKEM C. W. &amp; DIAZ R. E. &amp; HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K." box="[414,583,914,938]" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="22 - 45" refId="ref36129" refString="LEACHE A. D., RODEL M. - O., LINKEM C. W., DIAZ R. E., HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K. 2006. - Biodiversity in a forest island: reptiles and amphibians of the West African Togo hills. Amphibian &amp; Reptile Conservation 4: 22 - 45. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 51145036" type="journal article" year="2006">
Leaché
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBFFFE9AB96FC2EFDFDFC65" box="[485,530,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9A821FC2FFD15FC65" author="HILLERS A. &amp; BOATENG C. O. &amp; SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[594,762,914,938]" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref34638" refString="HILLERS A., BOATENG C. O., SEGNIAGBETO G. H., AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2009. - The amphibians in the forests of southern Ghana and western Togo. Zoosystematics and Evolution 85 (1): 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / zoos. 200800019" type="journal article" year="2009">
Hillers
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBFFFE9A8E4FC2EFD2CFC65" box="[663,707,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">et al.</emphasis>
2009
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). However, this species has been frequently found in the rainforests of the western part of the Upper
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBFFFE9ABB6FC7AFDE2FC10" box="[453,525,967,991]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">Guinea</collectingCountry>
forest zone (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9A8C1FC7AFEF4FC36" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; BANGOURA M. A." pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="201 - 232" refId="ref37274" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; BANGOURA M. A. 2004. - A conservation assessment of amphibians in the ̿ oret Classee du Pic de ̿ on, Simandou Range, southeastern Republic of Guinea, with the description of a new Amnirana species (Amphibia Anura Ranidae). Tropical Zoology 17 (2): 201 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.2 004.10531206" type="journal article" year="2004">Rödel &amp; Bangoura 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9AB54FC5CFE07FC36" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; GLOS J." box="[295,488,993,1017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="15 - 35" refId="ref37389" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; GLOS J. 2019. - Herpetological surveys in two proposed protected areas in Liberia, West Africa. Zoosystematics and Evolution 95 (1): 15 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zse. 95.31726" type="journal article" year="2019">Rödel &amp; Glos 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9AB86FC5CFD20FC36" author="GONGOMIN B. A. - I. &amp; KOUAME N. G. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[501,719,993,1017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="501 - 508" refId="ref34236" refString="GONGOMIN B. A. - I., KOUAME N. G. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2019. - New records of the Togo Toad, Sclerophrys togoensis, from south-eastern Ivory Coast. Herpetology Notes 12: 501 - 508." type="journal article" year="2019">
Gongomin
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBFFFE9A814FC5FFD7AFC36" box="[615,661,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">et al.</emphasis>
2019
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). The current conservation status of this species in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBFFFE9A837FC41FD99FBDB" box="[580,630,1020,1044]" name="Togo" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">Togo</collectingCountry>
is presumably critical because of the strong degradation of the remaining forests.
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<treatment id="03F187A4FFBFFFE9AB79FB69FB04FC01" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13907200" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13907200" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187A4FFBFFFE9AB79FB69FB04FC01" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F187A4FFBFFFE9AB79FB69FB04FC01" lastPageNumber="640" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">
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<heading id="D0AF81DEFFBFFFE9AB79FB69FD6EFB21" box="[266,641,1235,1262]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBFFFE9AB79FB69FD6EFB21" authority="Hulselmans, 1972" authorityName="Hulselmans" authorityYear="1972" box="[266,641,1235,1262]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Conraua" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="derooi">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBFFFE9AB79FB69FE5AFB21" bold="true" box="[266,437,1235,1262]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">Conraua derooi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9ABCFFB69FD6EFB21" author="HULSELMANS J. L. J." box="[444,641,1236,1262]" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="153 - 159" refId="ref34794" refString="HULSELMANS J. L. J. 1972. - Contribution a l'herpetologie de la Republique du Togo: description de Conraua derooi, n. sp. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 84: 153 - 159." type="journal article" year="1972">Hulselmans, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE736B2FFBFFFE9ABE0FB4EFE17FAC1" blockId="11.[266,641,1235,1294]" box="[403,504,1267,1294]" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">
(
<figureCitation id="13632A37FFBFFFE9ABE9FB4EFE1FFAC1" box="[410,496,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-83@12.[698,1267,765,1318]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. — Representatives of anuran species from Togo in life: A, Sclerophrys maculata (Hallowell, 1854) (Kalaré, Fazao Malfakassa); B, Sclerophrys regularis (Reuss, 1833) (Adjarala); C, Sclerophrys togoensis (Ahl, 1924) (Diguendue); D, Conraua derooi Hulselmans, 1972 (Yikpa-Dzigbe); E, Hoplobatrachus occipitalis (Günther, 1859) (Akloa); F, Hemisus marmoratus (Peters, 1854) (Kpalimé)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13907160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13907160/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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. —
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•
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD3BFFBFFFE9ABA5FA92FDEFFA85" box="[470,512,1327,1354]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
,
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; Missahohé; MRAC B.112074-112076, MRAC B-112084; MNHN-RA-2006.2169-2171.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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. — Large frogs (SVL
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,
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), with elongated, robust, strong body. Snout rounded. Head as broad as long (HW 37-43% SVL; HL 38-44% SVL).Tympanum indistinct. Hind leg moderate (TL 47-51% SVL). Webbing complete, no free phalanges. Fingers and toes terminated by discs. Skin smooth on back and slightly granular on flanks; belly smooth.
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. — Specimens are uniformly dark brown on the back with small whitish and dark (reddish) dots in life. The dorsal part of forearm, thigh and tibia are brown with dark transverse bands. The belly is lighter.
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. — The sexual dimorphism is not very marked. Males are generally more robust and larger than females, and in particular may have broader and more bulgy heads.
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. — This torrenticolous species is endemic to
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hills. For a long time, the only known site was Missahohé, which is the
<typeStatus id="54E38810FFBFFFE9AB0CF8F2FE46F8A8" box="[383,425,1871,1895]" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">type</typeStatus>
locality of the species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9A8E6F8F3FF57F84E" author="HULSELMANS J. L. J." pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="153 - 159" refId="ref34794" refString="HULSELMANS J. L. J. 1972. - Contribution a l'herpetologie de la Republique du Togo: description de Conraua derooi, n. sp. Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines 84: 153 - 159." type="journal article" year="1972">Hulselmans 1972</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9AAB8F8D4FE8DF84E" author="BOURGAT R." box="[203,354,1897,1921]" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9ABE0F8D4FDE3F84E" author="KULO S. - D." box="[403,524,1897,1921]" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" refId="ref35557" refString="KULO S. - D. 1980. - Mode de transmission des Trematodes au Togo. Doctoral thesis, Universite de Perpignan, 165 p." type="book" year="1980">Kulo (1980)</bibRefCitation>
reported the species presence in the Danyi region (Danyi Atigba), less than
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north from the previous locality.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9ABF6F823FD9AF879" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; ASSOU D. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; RODEL M. - O. &amp; OHLER A. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[389,629,1950,1974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="23 - 27" refId="ref38635" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., ASSOU D., DENDI D., RODEL M. - O., OHLER A., DUBOIS A. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2017. - The distribution and local density of the critically endangered frog Conraua derooi Hulselmans, 1972 in Togo, West Africa. The Herpetological Bulletin 141: 23 - 27." type="journal article" year="2017">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBFFFE9A873F823FDC1F879" box="[512,558,1950,1974]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
investigated in Danyi-Atigba but did not record populations of the species. They discovered new populations in Yikpa-Dzigbe and reported that the population of Missahohé is severely fragmented.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9AF6BFF6AFC4AFEC6" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C." pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="207 - 234" refId="ref37242" refString="RODEL M. - O. &amp; AGYEI A. C. 2003. - Amphibians of the Togo- Volta highlands, eastern Ghana. Salamandra 39: 207 - 234." type="journal article" year="2003">Rödel &amp; Agyei (2003: 224)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9A9AAFF4CFB73FEC6" author="LEACHE A. D. &amp; RODEL M. - O. &amp; LINKEM C. W. &amp; DIAZ R. E. &amp; HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K." box="[985,1180,241,265]" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="22 - 45" refId="ref36129" refString="LEACHE A. D., RODEL M. - O., LINKEM C. W., DIAZ R. E., HILLERS A. &amp; FUJITA M. K. 2006. - Biodiversity in a forest island: reptiles and amphibians of the West African Togo hills. Amphibian &amp; Reptile Conservation 4: 22 - 45. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 51145036" type="journal article" year="2006">
Leaché
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBFFFE9AE51FF4FFBBCFEC6" box="[1058,1107,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
failed to find the species in
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, whereas
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9A9BDFEB1FB61FEEB" author="HILLERS A. &amp; BOATENG C. O. &amp; SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[974,1166,268,292]" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="127 - 141" refId="ref34638" refString="HILLERS A., BOATENG C. O., SEGNIAGBETO G. H., AGYEI A. C. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2009. - The amphibians in the forests of southern Ghana and western Togo. Zoosystematics and Evolution 85 (1): 127 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / zoos. 200800019" type="journal article" year="2009">
Hillers
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBFFFE9AE65FEB0FBAAFEEB" box="[1046,1093,268,292]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
confirmed its presence in the
<collectingRegion id="499CF850FFBFFFE9A95EFE9BFC49FEF1" box="[813,934,294,318]" country="Ghana" name="Volta" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">Volta region</collectingRegion>
of
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.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9AE69FE9AFAF9FEF1" author="LAMOTTE M. &amp; PERRET J. - L." box="[1050,1302,294,318]" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="1603 - 1644" refId="ref35923" refString="LAMOTTE M. &amp; PERRET J. - L. 1968. - Revision du genre Conraua Nieden. Bulletin de l'Institut francais d'Afrique noire (A) 30: 1603 - 1644." type="journal article" year="1968">Lamotte &amp; Perret (1968)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned the species from
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, still lumping it with the more western distributed
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBFFFE9A92DFEE1FC04FEBC" box="[862,1003,347,371]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">Conraua alleni</emphasis>
(Barbour &amp; Loveridge, 1927)
</taxonomicName>
.
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBFFFE9AF6DFEE1FA40FEBC" box="[1310,1455,347,371]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">Conraua derooi</emphasis>
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is characteristic of the forest zone of
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. It lives mainly around waterfalls. On Missahohé Mountain, individuals find refuge in rock crevices or in galleries dug into the mud. The male is a whistler, perching on rocky substrate at night near the waterfall area.
</paragraph>
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. — This species is currently considered as Critically Endangered according to the IUCN Redlist (
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;
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Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBFFFE9AE49FD97FB84FD8E" box="[1082,1131,553,577]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
,
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). The habitats of all
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBFFFE9A95EFDF9FC6DFD93" box="[813,898,580,604]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">C. derooi</emphasis>
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populations are seriously threatened by logging and agricultural encroachment. The few remaining forests throughout the hilly forest area along the border between
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and
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are being converted into plantations (mostly coffee and cocoa) at increasing rates. In Missahohé forest, the population is fragmented into five small populations because of the agricultural invasion. During recent years, specimens of the species have been subject to the international pet trade, and domestic consumption mainly by Chinese restaurants in the capital Lomé. As previously indicated (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9AE8FFCA5FC8EFC85" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; ASSOU D. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; RODEL M. - O. &amp; OHLER A. &amp; DUBOIS A. &amp; LUISELLI L." pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="23 - 27" refId="ref38635" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., ASSOU D., DENDI D., RODEL M. - O., OHLER A., DUBOIS A. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2017. - The distribution and local density of the critically endangered frog Conraua derooi Hulselmans, 1972 in Togo, West Africa. The Herpetological Bulletin 141: 23 - 27." type="journal article" year="2017">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBFFFE9AF0DFCA5FA5FFCFF" box="[1406,1456,792,816]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
), it is important that attention be paid to protect the Togolese populations of this species. In
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBFFFE9AE27FCF1FB77FCAB" box="[1108,1176,844,868]" name="Ghana" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">Ghana</collectingCountry>
, local conservation efforts to protect the Ghanaian populations have been made (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9AF48FCDAFC8EFC55" author="RODEL M. - O. &amp; ADUM G. B. &amp; ARUNA E. &amp; ASSEMIAN N. E. &amp; BAREJ M. F. &amp; BELL R. &amp; DOHERTY-BONE T. &amp; BURGER M. &amp; DOUMBIA J. &amp; ERNST R. &amp; GONWOUO N. L. &amp; HILLERS A. &amp; HIRSCHFELD M. &amp; KOUAME N. G. &amp; KPAN T. F. &amp; MOHNEKE M. &amp; NAGO G. A. &amp; OFORI-BOATENG C. &amp; ONADEKO A. &amp; PAUWELS O. S. G. &amp; SANDBERGER-LOUA L. &amp; SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; TCHASSEM A. M. F. &amp; TOHE B. &amp; ZIMKUS B. &amp; PENNER J." pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="11 - 101" refId="ref37940" refString="RODEL M. - O., ADUM G. B., ARUNA E., ASSEMIAN N. E., BAREJ M. F., BELL R., DOHERTY-BONE T., BURGER M., DOUMBIA J., ERNST R., GONWOUO N. L., HILLERS A., HIRSCHFELD M., KOUAME N. G., KPAN T. F., MOHNEKE M., NAGO G. A., OFORI-BOATENG C., ONADEKO A., PAUWELS O. S. G., SANDBERGER-LOUA L., SEGNIAGBETO G. H., TCHASSEM A. M. F., TOHE B., ZIMKUS B. &amp; PENNER J. 2021. - Diversity, threats and conservation of western and central African amphibians (Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Burkina ̿ aso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Gabon, Sao Tome &amp; Principe, Equatorial Guinea, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Angola), in HEATWOLE H. &amp; RODEL M. - O. (eds), Status and threats of Afrotropical Amphibians - Sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, Western Indian Ocean Islands. Amphibian Biology, Vol. 11, Part 7 Status of Conservation and Decline of Amphibians: Eastern Hemisphere. - ̿ rankfurt Contributions to Natural History, Vol. 78. Edition Chimaira, ̿ rankfurt: 11 - 101." type="book chapter" year="2021">
Rödel
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBFFFE9AF0DFCD5FA5FFCB0" box="[1406,1456,871,895]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). Central Ghanaian
<taxonomicName id="4C584D31FFBFFFE9AE5DFC3FFB6FFC56" authorityName="Nieden" authorityYear="1908" box="[1070,1152,898,921]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Conraua" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBFFFE9AE5DFC3FFB6FFC56" box="[1070,1152,898,921]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">Conraua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations, which have been previously assigned to this species, have been recently described as a separate species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9A991FC0BFB31FC01" author="NEIRA-SALAMEA K. &amp; OFORI-BOATENG C. &amp; KOUAME N. G. &amp; BLACKBURN D. C. &amp; SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; HILLERS A. &amp; BAREJ M. F. &amp; LEACHE A. D. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[994,1246,950,974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="71 - 95" refId="ref36375" refString="NEIRA-SALAMEA K., OFORI-BOATENG C., KOUAME N. G., BLACKBURN D. C., SEGNIAGBETO G. H., HILLERS A., BAREJ M. F., LEACHE A. D. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2021. - A new critically endangered slippery frog (Amphibia, Conrauidae, Conraua) from the Atewa Range, central Ghana. Zootaxa 4995 (1): 71 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4995.1.4" type="journal article" year="2021">
Neira-Salamea
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBFFFE9AE06FC0AFB4BFC01" box="[1141,1188,950,974]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBFFFE9A9F1FBCEFB4FFB41" bold="true" box="[898,1184,1139,1166]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">Hoplobatrachus occipitalis</emphasis>
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. —
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•
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,
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; Bado; MNHN- RA-1979.1067-1072, MNHN-RA-1979.1074-1084, MNHN- RA-1979.1086-1103 •
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; Kpalimé; MNHN-RA-2006.2178.
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. — Very large frog (SVL
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), with robust and strong body, more or less dorso-ventrally flattened. Snout rounded. Head as long as broad (HW 38-41% SVL; HL 36-41% SVL). Tympanum very large and round (TYD 7-8% SVL). Hind legs strong, rather short (TL 44-47% SVL). Webbing complete, leaving no phalanges free. Back bearing numerous prominent short glandular folds, flanks with warts arranged longitudinally.
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. — The male is distinguished by a pair of vocal sacks laterally on the throat.
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. — The species
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<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBFFFE9AE8AF943FC9AF8FF" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">Hoplobatrachus occipitalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very widely distributed in all regions of the country. It is both a savannah and forest form with its range extending from west to east Africa including the northern part of southern Africa. It frequents human dwellings and is present even in cities. Numerous observations were made in almost all localities visited. This species is exploited for human consumption in some restaurants in Lomé and some other cities (for very intense harvest of this species in neighbouring
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFBFFFE9A9C4F86CFC1BF826" box="[951,1012,2001,2025]" name="Benin" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">Benin</collectingCountry>
, see
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFBFFFE9AE6EF86CFB0CF825" author="MOHNEKE M. &amp; ONADEKO A. B. &amp; HIRSCHFELD M. &amp; RODEL M. - O." box="[1053,1251,2001,2026]" pageId="11" pageNumber="640" pagination="117 - 128" refId="ref36283" refString="MOHNEKE M., ONADEKO A. B., HIRSCHFELD M. &amp; RODEL M. - O. 2010. - Dried or fried: amphibians in local and regional food markets in West Africa. TRAFFIC Bulletin 22: 117 - 128." type="journal article" year="2010">
Mohneke
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFBFFFE9AE0EF86FFB44F826" box="[1149,1195,2001,2025]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="640">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). Some communities in the North hunt this species for family food. It was reported in
<collectingCountry id="F34F7622FFB9FFEFAAF6FF4FFF58FEC5" box="[133,183,242,266]" name="Togo" pageId="13" pageNumber="642">Togo</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB9FFEFAAACFF4FFE97FEC5" author="BOURGAT R." box="[223,376,241,266]" pageId="13" pageNumber="642" pagination="597 - 624" refId="ref33022" refString="BOURGAT R. 1979. - Trematodes d'amphibiens du Togo. Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (4 e serie) 3: 597 - 624." type="journal article" year="1979">Bourgat (1979)</bibRefCitation>
from Atakpamé, Missahohé, Gadjagan, Kabou, Kanté, Katobodjo, Kovié, Niamtougou and Lomé, and by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B43FFB9FFEFAAF7FE9BFE99FEF1" author="SEGNIAGBETO G. H. &amp; DEKAWOLE J. K. &amp; KETOH G. K. &amp; DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L." box="[132,374,294,318]" pageId="13" pageNumber="642" refId="ref38700" refString="SEGNIAGBETO G. H., DEKAWOLE J. K., KETOH G. K., DENDI D. &amp; LUISELLI L. 2022. - Herpetofaunal diversity in a Dahomey Gap savannah of Togo (West Africa): effects of seasons on the populations of amphibians and reptiles. Diversity 14, 964." type="journal volume" year="2022">
Segniagbeto
<emphasis id="B92CEAA0FFB9FFEFAB73FE9AFEC1FEF1" box="[256,302,294,318]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="642">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
from Tetetou to Nagbeto dam area along the Mono River.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>