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N=
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<figureCitation id="13162A04FF88FFE79BDDE562AD181258" box="[199,322,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,184,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[151,1435,181,1750]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. Angursa bicuspis group. A Angursa abyssalis, male, light microscopy (DIC), ventral view. B female, light microscopy (DIC), head, dorsal view. B2 female, light microscopy (DIC), head, dorsal view, secondary clavae indicated. C male, light microscopy (DIC), dorsal view. D female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region. E Angursa capsula, female, light microscopy (DIC), dorsal view. E2 Angursa capsula, female, light microscopy (DIC), dorsal view, secondary clavae indicated. F Angursa capsula, female, light microscopy (DIC), ventral view. Abbreviations: cE—cirrus E, ec—external cirrus, pb—pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, sc—secondary clava, se—leg sensory organ, tc—tertiary clava." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385109" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385109/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8A–D</figureCitation>
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117
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<mods:namePart id="0E18E15BAA9802820D6963EC0231D145">Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="10F0FF875686AFD9A970BB5970FDB3AC" type="ORCID">0000-0003-4102-9371</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="65650EAFDE513317F2B4D0B4EB63A7FA">ZTM, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4E8235E8369E92BCBC1C84C8FE289C3B" type="email">haesa@leibniz-lib.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="21AC5DDBCFC4EC5C03C1B91AA778CBD6">Utevsky, Serge</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="94ED801ADE27CDD6E7B7FB43AB7E9463">VN Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody Square, 4, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4B92B39213D2893DD66852DF83B0C643" type="email">serge.utevsky@karazin.ua</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="71800BC4D31B716629253ADB9AC3E2FE">Kristensen, Reinhardt Møbjerg</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C56823BF25F8A4CBCD063396A30D146D" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9549-1188</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="95F45A101DB1B43CF13D8CAE2D70ABE0">Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Gothersgade 130, 1123 Copenhagen, Denmark.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="80D64700BBC5BB13DB32F39A0C11D23D" type="email">rmkristensen@snm.ku.dk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="19F6A6FD549536574742EC0426F7606A">Kieneke, Alexander</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="74855FDFF31AAB4D128DEC4250688390" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8180-2483</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="E40266B5A8DF9C38A45C87631042BF57">German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Südstrand 44, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="936448CAB36ADDF81762536C1ED4A790" type="email">alexander.kieneke@senckenberg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="305D86BAAE876182682D8E41E9525E9B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="17D02FFE82828F8A8AD85C98E85E95D8">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E57558F583C048460361CA2F9DB40802">5543</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="6AB41D4C72EDB0B7B3FDA432E27FF255">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="00B0905AC9E110B496E632BC116D6B53" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5543.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F15909B13F202B4552F30A89E9AC4722" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03848797FF91FFFD9B8DE58CA9DB11C3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385170" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385170" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03848797FF91FFFD9B8DE58CA9DB11C3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03848797FF91FFFD9B8DE58CA9DB11C3" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection id="C337650AFF91FFFE9B8DE58CADCC13D2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B923681FF91FFFE9B8DE58CA8481362" blockId="9.[151,1042,1789,1816]" box="[151,1042,1789,1816]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="D0DA81EDFF91FFFE9B8DE58CA8481362" bold="true" box="[151,1042,1789,1816]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D02FF91FFFE9B8DE58CA8481362" authority="Bartels, Fontoura, Nelson &amp; Kaczmarek, 2024" authorityName="Bartels, Fontoura, Nelson &amp; Kaczmarek" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,1042,1789,1816]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="wyedeleinorum">
<emphasis id="B959EA93FF91FFFE9B8DE58CA8481362" bold="true" box="[151,1042,1789,1816]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B959EA93FF91FFFE9B8DE58CAD93136D" bold="true" box="[151,457,1789,1816]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Batillipes wyedeleinorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B70FF91FFFE9ACAE58CA8481362" author="Bartels, P. J. &amp; Fontoura, P. &amp; Nelson, D. R. &amp; Kaczmarek, L." box="[464,1042,1789,1815]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref17744" refString="Bartels, P. J., Fontoura, P., Nelson, D. R. &amp; Kaczmarek, L. (2024) Intertidal and shallow subtidal marine tardigrades from the British Virgin Islands with a description of a new Batillipes (Heterotardigrada: Batillipedidae). Marine Biodiversity, 54 (4), 60. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 024 - 01450 - 8" type="journal volume" year="2024">Bartels, Fontoura, Nelson &amp; Kaczmarek, 2024</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923681FF91FFFE9B8DE434ADCC13D2" blockId="9.[151,1436,1861,2032]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
N=
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD08FF91FFFE9BA6E434AD13132A" box="[188,329,1861,1887]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
:
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD08FF91FFFE9A4EE434ADE2132A" box="[340,440,1861,1887]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD08FF91FFFE9AD9E434AE68132A" box="[451,562,1861,1887]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
occurrence: ANDEEP I;
<geoCoordinate id="EE195046FF91FFFE9AC6E41BAE0113F0" box="[476,603,1898,1925]" degrees="60" direction="south" minutes="38.12" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="-60.635334">60°38.12′S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE195046FF91FFFE997DE41BAEB513F0" box="[615,751,1898,1925]" degrees="53" direction="west" minutes="57.67" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="-53.961166">53°57.67′W</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="4CD59B64FF91FFFE99E1E418AF0213F1" box="[763,856,1897,1924]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.893" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="2893.0">2,893 m</quantity>
bsl (female); ANDEEP 2;
<geoCoordinate id="EE195046FF91FFFE9F9FE41BA95913F0" box="[1157,1283,1898,1925]" degrees="65" direction="south" minutes="20.09" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="-65.33483">65°20.09′S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE195046FF91FFFE9E15E41BA9CD13F0" box="[1295,1431,1898,1925]" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="14.72" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="9" value="-54.245335">54°14.72′W</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="4CD59B64FF91FFFE9B8DE4FCACA913DD" box="[151,243,1933,1960]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0879999999999999" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1088.0">1,088 m</quantity>
bsl (juvenile).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337650AFF91FFFD9BDDE4C0A97A10CE" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B923681FF91FFFD9BDDE4C0AD7914A0" blockId="9.[151,1436,1861,2032]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Both specimens are morphologically similar to the recently described species
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D02FF91FFFE9F30E4C0AD43139A" authority="Bartels et al., 2024" authorityName="Bartels" authorityYear="2024" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="wyedeleinorum">
<emphasis id="B959EA93FF91FFFE9F30E4C0A91C13BE" box="[1066,1350,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Batillipes wyedeleinorum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B70FF91FFFE9E57E4C0AD43139A" author="Bartels, P. J. &amp; Fontoura, P. &amp; Nelson, D. R. &amp; Kaczmarek, L." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref17744" refString="Bartels, P. J., Fontoura, P., Nelson, D. R. &amp; Kaczmarek, L. (2024) Intertidal and shallow subtidal marine tardigrades from the British Virgin Islands with a description of a new Batillipes (Heterotardigrada: Batillipedidae). Marine Biodiversity, 54 (4), 60. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 024 - 01450 - 8" type="journal volume" year="2024">
Bartels
<emphasis id="B959EA93FF91FFFE9B8DE4A7AC95139A" box="[151,207,2005,2031]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
, 2024
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However, we present our detailed description of an adult female since it adds important information to the original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D02FF92FFFD9AA4E3E6AEDD14C4" box="[446,647,151,177]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="wyedeleinorum">
<emphasis id="B959EA93FF92FFFD9AA4E3E6AEDD14C4" box="[446,647,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. wyedeleinorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
regarding character variation and ecological preferences (
<emphasis id="B959EA93FF92FFFD9E15E3E6A96D14C5" box="[1295,1335,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">e.g.</emphasis>
deep sea occurrence).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923681FF92FFFD9B8DE26DADF81543" blockId="10.[151,542,284,347]" box="[151,418,284,310]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B959EA93FF92FFFD9B8DE26DADF81543" bold="true" box="[151,418,284,310]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description of female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923681FF92FFFD9B8DE231AE44152F" blockId="10.[151,542,284,347]" box="[151,542,320,347]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9B8DE231ACA1152E" box="[151,251,320,347]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="11.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox-0="[266,1321,184,1881]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1427,184,1654]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@11.[263,1324,181,1884]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@12.[158,1430,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Batillipes wyedeleinorum, female, drawing (reconstruction) based on light microscopy (DIC) and SEM, ventral view. Abbreviations: an—anus, bt—buccal tube, cA—cirrus A, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, d—digit, ec—external cirrus, fd—folded disc, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mc—median cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb— pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Batillipes wyedeleinorum. A female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note leg III digit arrangement (arrowhead). B female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view. C female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). D female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note leg IV digits arrangement. D2 female, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV sensory organ, note tuft of additional filaments (arrowhead). E female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note smooth area (arrowhead). F Batillipes wyedeleinorum, juvenile, light microscopy (DIC), sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). G female, SEM, ventro-sagittal view, note cirrus A tip (arrowhead). H female, SEM, ventral view, cephalic region, note cephalic cirri tips (arrowheads). I female, SEM, ventral view, leg II region, note folded digits (arrowhead). J female, SEM, caudal region, ventral view, note cuticular pillars (arrowhead). Abbreviations: an—anus, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, ec—external cirrus, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb—pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385091" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385097" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14385091/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14385097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 4–5</figureCitation>
, Supplementary
<tableCitation id="C6AF033AFF92FFFD9AACE231AE44152F" box="[438,542,320,346]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,244,469,495]" captionText="TABLE 1. All corer deployments of expeditions ANDEEP 1, 2, 3 and ANDEEP-SYSTCO that contained Tardigrada. For two deployments at the Shona Ridge, no information about position and depth was available. GKG: boxcorer with 0.25 m2 sampling area, MUC (A): multicorer with 70.85 cm2 sampling area per core tube, MUC (B): multicorer with 69.36 cm2 sampling area per core tube, MUC (C): multicorer with 25.5 cm2 sampling area per core tube" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Table 1.1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923681FF92FFFD9B8DE2F9AF431622" blockId="10.[151,1437,392,1211]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B959EA93FF92FFFD9B8DE2F9AC8D15D7" box="[151,215,392,418]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Body.</emphasis>
Small
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D02FF92FFFD9A33E2F9ADCE15D7" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1909" box="[297,404,392,418]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959EA93FF92FFFD9A33E2F9ADCE15D7" box="[297,404,392,418]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Batillipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with total body length (from cephalic rim to the tip of caudal appendage) of 147 µm, and maximum body width of 46 µm between leg III and leg IV (
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9823E2DDAFD815B3" box="[825,898,428,454]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[266,1321,184,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[263,1324,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Batillipes wyedeleinorum, female, drawing (reconstruction) based on light microscopy (DIC) and SEM, ventral view. Abbreviations: an—anus, bt—buccal tube, cA—cirrus A, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, d—digit, ec—external cirrus, fd—folded disc, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mc—median cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb— pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385091/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9894E2DDAFC115B2" box="[910,923,428,455]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,184,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[158,1430,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Batillipes wyedeleinorum. A female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note leg III digit arrangement (arrowhead). B female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view. C female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). D female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note leg IV digits arrangement. D2 female, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV sensory organ, note tuft of additional filaments (arrowhead). E female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note smooth area (arrowhead). F Batillipes wyedeleinorum, juvenile, light microscopy (DIC), sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). G female, SEM, ventro-sagittal view, note cirrus A tip (arrowhead). H female, SEM, ventral view, cephalic region, note cephalic cirri tips (arrowheads). I female, SEM, ventral view, leg II region, note folded digits (arrowhead). J female, SEM, caudal region, ventral view, note cuticular pillars (arrowhead). Abbreviations: an—anus, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, ec—external cirrus, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb—pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5</figureCitation>
A-C). Distinct trapezoid head, separated from the body by a distinct neck constriction and with conical lateral projections I of 7 µm length (
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9FA6E2A1A963159F" box="[1212,1337,464,491]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,184,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[158,1430,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Batillipes wyedeleinorum. A female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note leg III digit arrangement (arrowhead). B female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view. C female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). D female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note leg IV digits arrangement. D2 female, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV sensory organ, note tuft of additional filaments (arrowhead). E female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note smooth area (arrowhead). F Batillipes wyedeleinorum, juvenile, light microscopy (DIC), sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). G female, SEM, ventro-sagittal view, note cirrus A tip (arrowhead). H female, SEM, ventral view, cephalic region, note cephalic cirri tips (arrowheads). I female, SEM, ventral view, leg II region, note folded digits (arrowhead). J female, SEM, caudal region, ventral view, note cuticular pillars (arrowhead). Abbreviations: an—anus, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, ec—external cirrus, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb—pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5C, G</figureCitation>
). Lateral projections between leg I and leg II (2.5 µm) are blunt. Lateral projections between leg II and III (3 µm) are conical. The lateral projections between leg III and leg IV (4 µm) are elongated (up to 20 µm) and rather blunt (
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9E0FE169A9CA1647" box="[1301,1424,536,563]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,184,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[158,1430,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Batillipes wyedeleinorum. A female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note leg III digit arrangement (arrowhead). B female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view. C female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). D female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note leg IV digits arrangement. D2 female, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV sensory organ, note tuft of additional filaments (arrowhead). E female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note smooth area (arrowhead). F Batillipes wyedeleinorum, juvenile, light microscopy (DIC), sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). G female, SEM, ventro-sagittal view, note cirrus A tip (arrowhead). H female, SEM, ventral view, cephalic region, note cephalic cirri tips (arrowheads). I female, SEM, ventral view, leg II region, note folded digits (arrowhead). J female, SEM, caudal region, ventral view, note cuticular pillars (arrowhead). Abbreviations: an—anus, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, ec—external cirrus, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb—pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5C, G</figureCitation>
). Body cuticle punctuated with internal pillars (
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9983E14DAF571622" box="[665,781,572,599]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,184,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[158,1430,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Batillipes wyedeleinorum. A female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note leg III digit arrangement (arrowhead). B female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view. C female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). D female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note leg IV digits arrangement. D2 female, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV sensory organ, note tuft of additional filaments (arrowhead). E female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note smooth area (arrowhead). F Batillipes wyedeleinorum, juvenile, light microscopy (DIC), sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). G female, SEM, ventro-sagittal view, note cirrus A tip (arrowhead). H female, SEM, ventral view, cephalic region, note cephalic cirri tips (arrowheads). I female, SEM, ventral view, leg II region, note folded digits (arrowhead). J female, SEM, caudal region, ventral view, note cuticular pillars (arrowhead). Abbreviations: an—anus, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, ec—external cirrus, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb—pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5G–J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923681FF92FFFD9BDDE111A874175B" blockId="10.[151,1437,392,1211]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B959EA93FF92FFFD9BDDE111ADDE160F" box="[199,388,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cephalic region.</emphasis>
Cephalic cirri with cirrophores. Cephalic cirri tips have tufts with additional filaments (
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9E75E111AC8416EB" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,184,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[158,1430,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Batillipes wyedeleinorum. A female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note leg III digit arrangement (arrowhead). B female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view. C female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). D female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note leg IV digits arrangement. D2 female, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV sensory organ, note tuft of additional filaments (arrowhead). E female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note smooth area (arrowhead). F Batillipes wyedeleinorum, juvenile, light microscopy (DIC), sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). G female, SEM, ventro-sagittal view, note cirrus A tip (arrowhead). H female, SEM, ventral view, cephalic region, note cephalic cirri tips (arrowheads). I female, SEM, ventral view, leg II region, note folded digits (arrowhead). J female, SEM, caudal region, ventral view, note cuticular pillars (arrowhead). Abbreviations: an—anus, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, ec—external cirrus, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb—pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5G, H</figureCitation>
). Cirri
<emphasis id="B959EA93FF92FFFD9A31E1F5AD6616EB" box="[299,316,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
are 24 µm in length. Unpaired median cirrus is 16 µm long. Internal cirri are 14 µm long and attached dorsally. External cirri are 11 µm long and situated close to the primary clavae. Primary clavae of 9.0 µm length are tube-shaped. (
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9A2FE1BDADCA1692" box="[309,400,716,743]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,184,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[158,1430,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Batillipes wyedeleinorum. A female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note leg III digit arrangement (arrowhead). B female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view. C female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). D female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note leg IV digits arrangement. D2 female, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV sensory organ, note tuft of additional filaments (arrowhead). E female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note smooth area (arrowhead). F Batillipes wyedeleinorum, juvenile, light microscopy (DIC), sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). G female, SEM, ventro-sagittal view, note cirrus A tip (arrowhead). H female, SEM, ventral view, cephalic region, note cephalic cirri tips (arrowheads). I female, SEM, ventral view, leg II region, note folded digits (arrowhead). J female, SEM, caudal region, ventral view, note cuticular pillars (arrowhead). Abbreviations: an—anus, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, ec—external cirrus, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb—pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Primary clavae, cirrus
<emphasis id="B959EA93FF92FFFD99BBE1BDAEE81693" box="[673,690,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
and external cirri all originate from a common lateral bulge of the head (
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9BC6E181AD79177F" box="[220,291,752,778]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[266,1321,184,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[263,1324,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Batillipes wyedeleinorum, female, drawing (reconstruction) based on light microscopy (DIC) and SEM, ventral view. Abbreviations: an—anus, bt—buccal tube, cA—cirrus A, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, d—digit, ec—external cirrus, fd—folded disc, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mc—median cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb— pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385091/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Secondary clavae are indistinct. Eyes not visible. Mouth cone is clearly visible (
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9FD9E181A918177F" box="[1219,1346,752,779]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,184,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[158,1430,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Batillipes wyedeleinorum. A female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note leg III digit arrangement (arrowhead). B female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view. C female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). D female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note leg IV digits arrangement. D2 female, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV sensory organ, note tuft of additional filaments (arrowhead). E female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note smooth area (arrowhead). F Batillipes wyedeleinorum, juvenile, light microscopy (DIC), sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). G female, SEM, ventro-sagittal view, note cirrus A tip (arrowhead). H female, SEM, ventral view, cephalic region, note cephalic cirri tips (arrowheads). I female, SEM, ventral view, leg II region, note folded digits (arrowhead). J female, SEM, caudal region, ventral view, note cuticular pillars (arrowhead). Abbreviations: an—anus, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, ec—external cirrus, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb—pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5G, H</figureCitation>
). Ovoid pharyngeal bulb (15 × 10 µm) connected with the buccal tube with three placoids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923681FF92FFFD9BDDE048AEC6103B" blockId="10.[151,1437,392,1211]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B959EA93FF92FFFD9BDDE048ACA61727" box="[199,252,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Legs</emphasis>
. Sensory organs present on all telescopic legs (
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9802E049AF281726" box="[792,882,824,851]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,184,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[158,1430,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Batillipes wyedeleinorum. A female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note leg III digit arrangement (arrowhead). B female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view. C female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). D female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note leg IV digits arrangement. D2 female, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV sensory organ, note tuft of additional filaments (arrowhead). E female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note smooth area (arrowhead). F Batillipes wyedeleinorum, juvenile, light microscopy (DIC), sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). G female, SEM, ventro-sagittal view, note cirrus A tip (arrowhead). H female, SEM, ventral view, cephalic region, note cephalic cirri tips (arrowheads). I female, SEM, ventral view, leg II region, note folded digits (arrowhead). J female, SEM, caudal region, ventral view, note cuticular pillars (arrowhead). Abbreviations: an—anus, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, ec—external cirrus, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb—pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Sensory organs of legs I and II are about 7 µm long, of legs III to 10 µm. Sensory organs of legs IV with a cirrophore are 18 µm long and have frayed tips (
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9E70E02DAC8417EF" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,184,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[158,1430,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Batillipes wyedeleinorum. A female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note leg III digit arrangement (arrowhead). B female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view. C female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). D female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note leg IV digits arrangement. D2 female, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV sensory organ, note tuft of additional filaments (arrowhead). E female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note smooth area (arrowhead). F Batillipes wyedeleinorum, juvenile, light microscopy (DIC), sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). G female, SEM, ventro-sagittal view, note cirrus A tip (arrowhead). H female, SEM, ventral view, cephalic region, note cephalic cirri tips (arrowheads). I female, SEM, ventral view, leg II region, note folded digits (arrowhead). J female, SEM, caudal region, ventral view, note cuticular pillars (arrowhead). Abbreviations: an—anus, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, ec—external cirrus, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb—pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 5D, D</figureCitation>
2). Bases of legs I and legs II have a small (1.5–2.0 µm) dome-shaped projection. On legs I, digits 2 (4.0 µm) and 4 (5.5 µm) are the shortest (considering digit 1 the most cephalically), digits 3 (10.5 µm) and 5 (11.0 µm) are the longest and digits 1 (6.0 µm) and 6 (7.0 µm) are medium sized. The same pattern of digits on legs II and III (
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9E75E0B9ACE71072" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,184,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[158,1430,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Batillipes wyedeleinorum. A female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note leg III digit arrangement (arrowhead). B female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view. C female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). D female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note leg IV digits arrangement. D2 female, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV sensory organ, note tuft of additional filaments (arrowhead). E female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note smooth area (arrowhead). F Batillipes wyedeleinorum, juvenile, light microscopy (DIC), sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). G female, SEM, ventro-sagittal view, note cirrus A tip (arrowhead). H female, SEM, ventral view, cephalic region, note cephalic cirri tips (arrowheads). I female, SEM, ventral view, leg II region, note folded digits (arrowhead). J female, SEM, caudal region, ventral view, note cuticular pillars (arrowhead). Abbreviations: an—anus, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, ec—external cirrus, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb—pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). On legs IV, digits 3 (6.0 µm) and 4 (8.0 µm) are the shortest, and digits 1 (11.0 µm), 2 (14.5 µm), 5 (14.0 µm), 6 (11.0 µm) are the longest (
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9AC6E761AE6D105E" box="[476,567,1040,1067]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,184,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[158,1430,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Batillipes wyedeleinorum. A female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note leg III digit arrangement (arrowhead). B female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view. C female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). D female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note leg IV digits arrangement. D2 female, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV sensory organ, note tuft of additional filaments (arrowhead). E female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note smooth area (arrowhead). F Batillipes wyedeleinorum, juvenile, light microscopy (DIC), sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). G female, SEM, ventro-sagittal view, note cirrus A tip (arrowhead). H female, SEM, ventral view, cephalic region, note cephalic cirri tips (arrowheads). I female, SEM, ventral view, leg II region, note folded digits (arrowhead). J female, SEM, caudal region, ventral view, note cuticular pillars (arrowhead). Abbreviations: an—anus, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, ec—external cirrus, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb—pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
). Digits have disc-shaped suction discs (
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9F19E761A817105F" box="[1027,1101,1040,1066]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[266,1321,184,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[263,1324,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Batillipes wyedeleinorum, female, drawing (reconstruction) based on light microscopy (DIC) and SEM, ventral view. Abbreviations: an—anus, bt—buccal tube, cA—cirrus A, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, d—digit, ec—external cirrus, fd—folded disc, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mc—median cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb— pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385091/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9F40E761A8E6105F" box="[1114,1212,1040,1067]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,184,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[158,1430,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Batillipes wyedeleinorum. A female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note leg III digit arrangement (arrowhead). B female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view. C female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). D female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note leg IV digits arrangement. D2 female, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV sensory organ, note tuft of additional filaments (arrowhead). E female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note smooth area (arrowhead). F Batillipes wyedeleinorum, juvenile, light microscopy (DIC), sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). G female, SEM, ventro-sagittal view, note cirrus A tip (arrowhead). H female, SEM, ventral view, cephalic region, note cephalic cirri tips (arrowheads). I female, SEM, ventral view, leg II region, note folded digits (arrowhead). J female, SEM, caudal region, ventral view, note cuticular pillars (arrowhead). Abbreviations: an—anus, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, ec—external cirrus, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb—pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5A, D, J</figureCitation>
). The specimen has some folded discs on legs II–IV (
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9911E745AE15103B" box="[523,591,1076,1102]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[266,1321,184,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[263,1324,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Batillipes wyedeleinorum, female, drawing (reconstruction) based on light microscopy (DIC) and SEM, ventral view. Abbreviations: an—anus, bt—buccal tube, cA—cirrus A, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, d—digit, ec—external cirrus, fd—folded disc, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mc—median cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb— pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385091/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9941E745AED4103B" box="[603,654,1076,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,184,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[158,1430,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Batillipes wyedeleinorum. A female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note leg III digit arrangement (arrowhead). B female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view. C female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). D female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note leg IV digits arrangement. D2 female, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV sensory organ, note tuft of additional filaments (arrowhead). E female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note smooth area (arrowhead). F Batillipes wyedeleinorum, juvenile, light microscopy (DIC), sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). G female, SEM, ventro-sagittal view, note cirrus A tip (arrowhead). H female, SEM, ventral view, cephalic region, note cephalic cirri tips (arrowheads). I female, SEM, ventral view, leg II region, note folded digits (arrowhead). J female, SEM, caudal region, ventral view, note cuticular pillars (arrowhead). Abbreviations: an—anus, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, ec—external cirrus, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb—pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5I, J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923681FF92FFFD9BDDE729A97A10CE" blockId="10.[151,1437,392,1211]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B959EA93FF92FFFD9BDDE729AD351007" box="[199,367,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Caudal region.</emphasis>
The caudal appendage is 8.5 µm long and looks like a single spine attached directly on the body. Rosette-shaped, six-lobed female gonopore and anus present (
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9849E70DAF9910E3" box="[851,963,1148,1175]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,184,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[158,1430,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Batillipes wyedeleinorum. A female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note leg III digit arrangement (arrowhead). B female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view. C female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). D female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note leg IV digits arrangement. D2 female, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV sensory organ, note tuft of additional filaments (arrowhead). E female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note smooth area (arrowhead). F Batillipes wyedeleinorum, juvenile, light microscopy (DIC), sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). G female, SEM, ventro-sagittal view, note cirrus A tip (arrowhead). H female, SEM, ventral view, cephalic region, note cephalic cirri tips (arrowheads). I female, SEM, ventral view, leg II region, note folded digits (arrowhead). J female, SEM, caudal region, ventral view, note cuticular pillars (arrowhead). Abbreviations: an—anus, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, ec—external cirrus, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb—pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5E, J</figureCitation>
). Putative smooth area between gonopore and anus is visible on light microscopy figures (
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD99AAE7D1AF5F10CE" box="[688,773,1184,1211]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,184,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[158,1430,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Batillipes wyedeleinorum. A female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note leg III digit arrangement (arrowhead). B female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view. C female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). D female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note leg IV digits arrangement. D2 female, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV sensory organ, note tuft of additional filaments (arrowhead). E female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note smooth area (arrowhead). F Batillipes wyedeleinorum, juvenile, light microscopy (DIC), sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). G female, SEM, ventro-sagittal view, note cirrus A tip (arrowhead). H female, SEM, ventral view, cephalic region, note cephalic cirri tips (arrowheads). I female, SEM, ventral view, leg II region, note folded digits (arrowhead). J female, SEM, caudal region, ventral view, note cuticular pillars (arrowhead). Abbreviations: an—anus, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, ec—external cirrus, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb—pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
) but hidden by leg IV on SEM figures (
<figureCitation id="13162A04FF92FFFD9FD9E7D1A94910CE" box="[1219,1299,1184,1211]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[161,1427,184,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-19@12.[158,1430,181,1657]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Batillipes wyedeleinorum. A female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note leg III digit arrangement (arrowhead). B female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view. C female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). D female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note leg IV digits arrangement. D2 female, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV sensory organ, note tuft of additional filaments (arrowhead). E female, light microscopy (DIC), caudal region, note smooth area (arrowhead). F Batillipes wyedeleinorum, juvenile, light microscopy (DIC), sagittal view, note body projections (arrowheads). G female, SEM, ventro-sagittal view, note cirrus A tip (arrowhead). H female, SEM, ventral view, cephalic region, note cephalic cirri tips (arrowheads). I female, SEM, ventral view, leg II region, note folded digits (arrowhead). J female, SEM, caudal region, ventral view, note cuticular pillars (arrowhead). Abbreviations: an—anus, ca—caudal appendage, cE—cirrus E, ec—external cirrus, go—gonopore, ic—internal cirrus, mo—mouth opening, lp—leg projection, pb—pharyngeal bulb, pc—primary clava, pr—body projection, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385097" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385097/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337650AFF92FFFD9B8DE799A9DB11C3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B923681FF92FFFD9B8DE799AD531177" blockId="10.[151,1437,1256,1463]" box="[151,265,1256,1282]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B959EA93FF92FFFD9B8DE799AD531177" bold="true" box="[151,265,1256,1282]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923681FF92FFFD9BDDE67DAD2F11E7" blockId="10.[151,1437,1256,1463]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
There are only a few and slight morphological differences between
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D02FF92FFFD98D6E67CA8CD1153" box="[972,1175,1292,1318]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="wyedeleinorum">
<emphasis id="B959EA93FF92FFFD98D6E67CA8CD1153" box="[972,1175,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">B. wyedeleinorum</emphasis>
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and our specimen. We did not see the same medial groove in a smooth area between gonopore and anus. In addition, we were not able to observe the papillae on legs because of legs positioning after preparation for SEM (see
<emphasis id="B959EA93FF92FFFD9FBEE625A924111B" box="[1188,1406,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Additional remarks</emphasis>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC4B70FF92FFFD9B8DE609AD3311E7" author="Bartels, P. J. &amp; Fontoura, P. &amp; Nelson, D. R. &amp; Kaczmarek, L." box="[151,361,1400,1426]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref17744" refString="Bartels, P. J., Fontoura, P., Nelson, D. R. &amp; Kaczmarek, L. (2024) Intertidal and shallow subtidal marine tardigrades from the British Virgin Islands with a description of a new Batillipes (Heterotardigrada: Batillipedidae). Marine Biodiversity, 54 (4), 60. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 024 - 01450 - 8" type="journal volume" year="2024">
Bartels
<emphasis id="B959EA93FF92FFFD9BF7E608AD7C11E7" box="[237,294,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
2024
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B923681FF92FFFD9BDDE6EDA9DB11C3" blockId="10.[151,1437,1256,1463]" box="[199,1409,1436,1463]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A possible ecological difference is evidenced by our new geographic and bathymetric record of this species.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

121
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<emphasis id="B959EA93FF95FFFA9B8DE0DEADCF17BF" bold="true" box="[151,405,943,970]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Coronarctus tenellus</emphasis>
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N=
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,
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occurrence:
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<figureCitation id="13162A04FF95FFFA9BDDE74EAD51102C" box="[199,267,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1648,1672]" captionTargetBox="[206,1382,185,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-19@14.[203,1385,182,1625]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 6. Genus Coronarctus. A Coronarctus dissimilis, female, light microscopy (DIC), ventro-sagittal view. B Coronarctus dissimilis, female, light microscopy (DIC), head, dorsal view, note leg I accessory spines on the external and internal claws (arrowheads). C Coronarctus dissimilis, female, light microscopy (DIC), head ventral view. C2 Coronarctus dissimilis, female, light microscopy (DIC), head ventral view, secondary clava indicated. D Coronarctus dissimilis, female, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV, note leg IV accessory spines on the both external and internal claws (arrowheads). E Coronarctus tenellus, male, light microscopy (DIC), ventral position. F Coronarctus tenellus, male, light microscopy (DIC), head, dorsal view. G Coronarctus tenellus, male, light microscopy (DIC), head, ventral view. G2 Coronarctus tenellus, male, light microscopy (DIC), head, ventral view, secondary clava indicated. H Coronarctus tenellus, light microscopy (DIC), leg IV, note leg IV accessory spines just on the both internal claw (arrowhead). I Coronarctus tenellus, juvenile, light microscopy (DIC), sagittal position, note leg IV with two internal claws and two growing external claws (arrowhead).Abbreviations: bt—buccal tube, cE—cirrus E, mc—median cirrus, pb—pharyngeal bulb, sc—secondary clava, se—leg sensory organ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385101/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
; Supplementary
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<mods:number id="469D8BE465825974FB8C537817D75B67">1</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="6D8ED4587ED907A2333CDFEFF40DA182">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5543.1.4</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="1E47BCF7CE0F11DB23E9A867FDED7ECB">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="92141B430C653E41B37C18F7D44178C8" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5543.1.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9D6C41138F3D91931396604930F891CF" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8299B189E2F9E9D705BB9B04464161CA" type="Zenodo-Dep">14385137</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038487B7FFA32232FF77B9FF910BFE81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385220" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385220" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA32232FF77B9FF910BFE81" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487B7FFA32232FF77B9FF910BFE81" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
<subSubSection id="C337652AFFA32237FF77B9FF965CFDD9" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA32237FF77B9FF9792FE35" blockId="3.[151,903,474,573]" box="[151,903,474,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
<heading id="D0DA81CDFFA32237FF77B9FF9792FE35" bold="true" box="[151,903,474,501]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA32237FF77B9FF9792FE35" bold="true" box="[151,903,474,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA32237FF77B9FF9709FE34" authority="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,796,474,501]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triocellaris" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA32237FF77B9FF95D6FE35" bold="true" box="[151,451,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Glaucocharis triocellaris</emphasis>
Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A57C8FFA32237FCCAB9FE9792FE35" box="[810,903,475,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA32237FF77B9DA965CFDD9" blockId="3.[151,903,474,573]" box="[151,585,511,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">(Japanese name: nishiki-eguri-tsutoga)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337652AFFA32237FF77BA069728FDFD" box="[151,829,546,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA32237FF77BA069728FDFD" blockId="3.[151,903,474,573]" box="[151,829,546,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
(
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA32237FF7FBA0694E9FDFD" box="[159,252,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,838,862]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,348,815]" captionTargetId="figure-101@4.[159,1426,345,817]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Glaucocharis spp. head in lateral view. A: G. triocellaris male, paratype. B: G. plumbofascialis male, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385141/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA32237FEE8BA06954EFDFD" box="[264,347,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1890,1914]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,926,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-122@4.[151,1435,922,1866]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Glaucocharis spp. adults in dorsal view. A: G. triocellaris, holotype male. B: ditto, paratype female. C: G. plumbofascialis, holotype male. D: ditto, paratype female. af: antemedial fascia, am: apical mark, bf: basal fascia, mf: medial fascia, ms: marginal spot, pf: postmedial fascia, sf: submarginal fascia, si: subapical indentation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385145/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">2A, 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA32237FE87BA06959EFDFD" box="[359,395,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,964,988]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,207,924]" captionTargetId="figure-23@5.[151,1435,181,940]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Glaucocharis spp., male wing venations. A: G. triocellaris, paratype (wing slide no. YM-W-10). B: G. plumbofascialis, paratype (wing slide no. YM-W-8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385147/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA32237FE77BA0695FFFDFD" box="[407,490,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1344,1368]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,350,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-98@6.[151,1435,345,1321]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Glaucocharis spp. abdominal structures. A: G. triocellaris tympanal organ (gen. slide no. YM853). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). C: G. triocellaris male tergite and sternite 8 (gen. slide no. YM853). D: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). b.ty.: bulla tympani, f.ty.: fornix tympani, ra.ty.: ramus tympani, s8: sternite 8, t8: tergite 8, ven.1: venula prima. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385151/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">4A, 4C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA32237FE16BA079662FDFD" box="[502,631,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1860,1884]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,477,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[164,1426,450,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Glaucocharis spp. male genitalia.A: G. triocellaris whole genitalia (gen. slide no. YM853). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). C: G. triocellaris uncus, tegumen, and gnathos lateral view (gen. slide no. YM857). D: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM738). E: G. triocellaris juxta (gen. slide no. YM857). F: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). at: apical thorn, ca: costal arm, cl: cucullus, gn: gnathos, jx: juxta, ph: phallus, pl: petaloid lobes, sa: saccus, sc: socius, sl: sacculus, tg: tegumen, un: uncus, va: ventral arms of juxta. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C–F = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385153/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">5A, 5C, 5E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA32237FD62BA069710FDFD" box="[642,773,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,188,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-31@8.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Glaucocharis spp. female genitalia.A: G. triocellaris whole genitalia (gen. slide no.YM836). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM838). C: G. triocellaris, around ostium (lamella antevaginalis opened anteriorly, gen. slide no. YM836). D: ditto, lamella antevaginalis normal position (gen. slide no. YM735). E: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM750). cb: corpus bursae, db: ductus bursae, la: lamella antevaginalis, lp: lamella postvaginalis, os: ostium. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C–E = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385157/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">6A, 6C, 6D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA32237FCF1BA069720FDFD" box="[785,821,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1586,1610]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,193,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-31@10.[151,1435,181,1562]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Biology of Glaucocharis spp. A: G. triocellaris resting posture. B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto. C: ditto, resting posture on the leaf. D: Bryopsida spp. collected on Mt. Funakiyama, Hahajima Island, where the adults of G. triocellaris and G. plumbofascialis emerged (the arrow indicates the frass of them). E: a cocoon of G. triocellaris or G. plumbofascialis. E: ditto, opened view with pupal exuviae (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385160/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">7A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337652AFFA32237FF77BA4F958DFCD5" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA32237FF77BA4F958DFCD5" blockId="3.[151,1437,618,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA32237FF77BA4F9507FD44" bold="true" box="[151,274,618,644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This new species can be easily distinguished from other
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA32237FC90BA4E9048FD45" box="[880,1117,619,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA32237FC90BA4E901DFD45" box="[880,1032,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Glaucocharis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by distinctive morphological characters, such as the three black marginal spots, each enclosing a median silvery-white dot in the forewing; the valva with a sturdy hook-shaped projection emerging from the center of the ventral valva margin and the phallus with a ventrally curved hook-shaped apical thorn in the male genitalia; and the circular spinose lamella antevaginalis in the female genitalia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337652AFFA32231FF27BB3B96E8FB3C" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA32237FF27BB3B9601FBD1" blockId="3.[151,1437,618,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA32237FF27BB3B95B4FCF9" bold="true" box="[199,417,798,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Description. Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA32237FE52BB3A9618FCF9" box="[434,525,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,838,862]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,348,815]" captionTargetId="figure-101@4.[159,1426,345,817]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Glaucocharis spp. head in lateral view. A: G. triocellaris male, paratype. B: G. plumbofascialis male, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385141/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Frons brown, rounded. Vertex brown, lateral sides ocherous. Maxillary palpus almost as long as compound eye, outer side ocherous basally, pale ocherous apically, inner side white. Labial palpus about 1.6 times longer than compound eye; first palpomere ocherous dorsally, white ventrally; second palpomere with apically expanded scale tuft, ocherous on outer side, white on inner side; third palpomere white basally, brown apically, apex pointed. Maxillary and labial palpi strongly upturned in resting posture (
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA32237FB99BB8A90C0FC09" box="[1145,1237,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1586,1610]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,193,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-31@10.[151,1435,181,1562]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Biology of Glaucocharis spp. A: G. triocellaris resting posture. B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto. C: ditto, resting posture on the leaf. D: Bryopsida spp. collected on Mt. Funakiyama, Hahajima Island, where the adults of G. triocellaris and G. plumbofascialis emerged (the arrow indicates the frass of them). E: a cocoon of G. triocellaris or G. plumbofascialis. E: ditto, opened view with pupal exuviae (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385160/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Antennae about 3/4 of forewing length, brown, ciliate in male, filiform in female; scape brown dorsally, white ventrally. Proboscis covered with white scales basally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA32237FF27BC3E9579FB05" blockId="3.[151,1437,618,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA32237FF27BC3E9582FBF5" bold="true" box="[199,407,1051,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Thorax and legs.</emphasis>
Thorax brown dorsally, white ventrally. Patagium brown, lateral sides ocherous. Tegula ocherous on inner half and whitish silver on outer half. Foreleg femur white; tibia white, dorsal side gray apically; tarsus gray. Midleg femur white; tibia gray dorsally, white ventrally, inner and outer spurs gray, almost of equal length; tarsus gray. Hindleg femur white; tibia gray dorsally, white ventrally, mid and hind spurs gray, almost same length; tarsus gray.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA32237FF27BCEB913DFA25" blockId="3.[151,1437,618,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA32237FF27BCEB9506FB28" bold="true" box="[199,275,1230,1256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Wings</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA32237FEC1BCEA95BDFB29" box="[289,424,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1890,1914]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,926,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-122@4.[151,1435,922,1866]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Glaucocharis spp. adults in dorsal view. A: G. triocellaris, holotype male. B: ditto, paratype female. C: G. plumbofascialis, holotype male. D: ditto, paratype female. af: antemedial fascia, am: apical mark, bf: basal fascia, mf: medial fascia, ms: marginal spot, pf: postmedial fascia, sf: submarginal fascia, si: subapical indentation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385145/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Fig. 2A, 2B</figureCitation>
). Forewing length
<quantity id="4CD59B44FFA32237FD99BCEB96EAFB29" box="[633,767,1230,1257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="3.85" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.2">3.2–4.5 mm</quantity>
(mean
<quantity id="4CD59B44FFA32237FCB1BCEA97BDFB29" box="[849,936,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA32237FC53BCEA97D4FB28" box="[947,961,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">n</emphasis>
= 10). Forewing ground color dark brown, tinged with reddish yellow from wing base to medial fascia and apical region; all fasciae and apical marking silvery white with blue luster; basal fascia represented by two oval spots; antemedial and medial fasciae almost straight; postmedial fascia oblique outwardly, ending near termen; submarginal fascia oblique outwardly, disappearing at R
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FA6CBD689181FA9B" attach="left" box="[1420,1428,1357,1371]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">5</subScript>
; apical mark represented by a short stripe vertical to costa; three marginal spots black, comma-shaped, connected, each enclosing silvery-white dot medially; marginal spots surrounded by yellow area with irregular black scaling along inner margin; subapical indentation of termen deep with white cilia; rest of cilia dark brown. Hindwing ground color dark brown, medial area white, with a narrow white band along CuA
<quantity id="4CD59B44FFA32237FBD1BDF89043FA25" box="[1073,1110,1483,1515]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="3" pageNumber="86" unit="in" value="2.0">
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FBD1BDF8902CFA2B" attach="left" box="[1073,1081,1501,1515]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">2</subScript>
in
</quantity>
male; cilia brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA32237FF27BDCB959BF959" blockId="3.[151,1437,618,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA32237FF27BDCB956CF9C8" bold="true" box="[199,377,1518,1544]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Wing venation</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA32237FE6ABDCA95F0F9C9" box="[394,485,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,964,988]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,207,924]" captionTargetId="figure-23@5.[151,1435,181,940]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Glaucocharis spp., male wing venations. A: G. triocellaris, paratype (wing slide no. YM-W-10). B: G. plumbofascialis, paratype (wing slide no. YM-W-8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385147/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) (
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA32237FDE0BDCA961BF9C8" box="[512,526,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">n</emphasis>
= 3). Forewing Sc concurrent with R
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FC24BE2497D9F9CF" attach="left" box="[964,972,1537,1551]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">1</subScript>
at 2/3 of length, then diverging as short spur distally; R
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FEA2BE00955FF9F3" attach="left" box="[322,330,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">2</subScript>
separate; R
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FE2EBE0095C3F9F3" attach="left" box="[462,470,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">3</subScript>
stalked with R
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FD9FBE009692F9F3" attach="left" box="[639,647,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">4</subScript>
at 3/5 distance from cell; R
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FC5ABE0097D7F9F3" attach="left" box="[954,962,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">5</subScript>
, M
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FC09BE0097E4F9F3" attach="left" box="[1001,1009,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">1</subScript>
, M
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FBF8BE009035F9F3" attach="left" box="[1048,1056,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">2</subScript>
, and M
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FB96BE00906BF9F3" attach="left" box="[1142,1150,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">3</subScript>
separate, almost parallel; CuA
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FF2CBE6C94C1F997" attach="left" box="[204,212,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">1</subScript>
close to M
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FEAFBE6C9542F997" attach="left" box="[335,343,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">3</subScript>
basally; CuA
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FE10BE6C95EDF997" attach="left" box="[496,504,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">2</subScript>
distant from CuA
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FD21BE6C96DCF997" attach="left" box="[705,713,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">1</subScript>
; A
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FD0ABE6C9711F997" attach="left" box="[746,772,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">1+2</subScript>
strong; A
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FC91BE6C976CF997" attach="left" box="[881,889,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">3</subScript>
weak, not looped; cell opened. Hind wing Sc+R
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FA74BE6C9189F997" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,1609,1623]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">1</subScript>
stalked with Rs at 4/5 of length; M
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FDFBBE489636F9BB" attach="left" box="[539,547,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">1</subScript>
, M
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FDAABE489647F9BB" attach="left" box="[586,594,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">2</subScript>
, M
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FD99BE489694F9BB" attach="left" box="[633,641,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">3</subScript>
, CuA
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FD24BE4896D9F9BB" attach="left" box="[708,716,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">1</subScript>
, and CuA
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FCDEBE489753F9BB" attach="left" box="[830,838,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">2</subScript>
separate; CuP, A
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FBE5BE48900BF9BB" attach="left" box="[1029,1054,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">1+2</subScript>
and A
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA32237FB87BE48907AF9BB" attach="left" box="[1127,1135,1645,1659]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">3</subScript>
well-marked. Female with three frenular bristles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA32237FF27BE879512F8B1" blockId="3.[151,1437,618,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA32237FF27BE879529F97C" bold="true" box="[199,316,1698,1724]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Dorsal side dark brown, ventral side pale brown, 1st and 2nd sternites tinged white. Tympanal organs (
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA32237FF10BEE2955FF921" box="[240,330,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1344,1368]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,350,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-98@6.[151,1435,345,1321]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Glaucocharis spp. abdominal structures. A: G. triocellaris tympanal organ (gen. slide no. YM853). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). C: G. triocellaris male tergite and sternite 8 (gen. slide no. YM853). D: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). b.ty.: bulla tympani, f.ty.: fornix tympani, ra.ty.: ramus tympani, s8: sternite 8, t8: tergite 8, ven.1: venula prima. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385151/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
): bulla tympani small, bean-shaped, anterior margin convex; fornix tympani narrow, recessed under venula prima; pons tympani absent; venula prima developed, extending to about 2/3 from posterior margin of 2nd sternite. Male 8th tergite with a triangular sclerotization on anterior half (
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA32237FC00BF2A902EF8E9" box="[992,1083,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1344,1368]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,350,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-98@6.[151,1435,345,1321]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Glaucocharis spp. abdominal structures. A: G. triocellaris tympanal organ (gen. slide no. YM853). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). C: G. triocellaris male tergite and sternite 8 (gen. slide no. YM853). D: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). b.ty.: bulla tympani, f.ty.: fornix tympani, ra.ty.: ramus tympani, s8: sternite 8, t8: tergite 8, ven.1: venula prima. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385151/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Male 8th sternite with a long trapezoid sclerotization, posterior margin concaved medially (
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA32237FCBCBF1697A2F88D" box="[860,951,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1344,1368]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,350,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-98@6.[151,1435,345,1321]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Glaucocharis spp. abdominal structures. A: G. triocellaris tympanal organ (gen. slide no. YM853). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). C: G. triocellaris male tergite and sternite 8 (gen. slide no. YM853). D: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). b.ty.: bulla tympani, f.ty.: fornix tympani, ra.ty.: ramus tympani, s8: sternite 8, t8: tergite 8, ven.1: venula prima. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385151/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Female eighth sternite wrinkled laterally (
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA32237FF7FBF7294EFF8B1" box="[159,250,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,188,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-31@8.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Glaucocharis spp. female genitalia.A: G. triocellaris whole genitalia (gen. slide no.YM836). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM838). C: G. triocellaris, around ostium (lamella antevaginalis opened anteriorly, gen. slide no. YM836). D: ditto, lamella antevaginalis normal position (gen. slide no. YM735). E: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM750). cb: corpus bursae, db: ductus bursae, la: lamella antevaginalis, lp: lamella postvaginalis, os: ostium. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C–E = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385157/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA32230FF27BF5E909DFE81" blockId="3.[151,1437,618,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,321]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA32237FF27BF5E9561F854" bold="true" box="[199,372,1914,1941]" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA32237FE64BF5E9628F855" box="[388,573,1914,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1860,1884]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,477,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[164,1426,450,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Glaucocharis spp. male genitalia.A: G. triocellaris whole genitalia (gen. slide no. YM853). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). C: G. triocellaris uncus, tegumen, and gnathos lateral view (gen. slide no. YM857). D: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM738). E: G. triocellaris juxta (gen. slide no. YM857). F: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). at: apical thorn, ca: costal arm, cl: cucullus, gn: gnathos, jx: juxta, ph: phallus, pl: petaloid lobes, sa: saccus, sc: socius, sl: sacculus, tg: tegumen, un: uncus, va: ventral arms of juxta. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C–F = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385153/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">Fig. 5A, 5C, 5E</figureCitation>
) (
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA32237FDB7BF5E9670F854" box="[599,613,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="86">n</emphasis>
= 6). Uncus almost straight, apex pointed. Gnathos beak-shaped, dorsal side sparsely denticulate, apex pointed and curved dorsally. Tegumen long, dorso- and ventrolateral margins forming sclerotized ridges; socii finger-shaped with six petaloid lobes apically. Valva slender, curved ventrally, with sturdy hook-shaped projection emerging from middle of ventral margin; cucullus slightly enlarging distally, truncated apically, with long setae dorsally; costal margin sclerotized, with thumb-like costal arm at base; sacculus triangular, ventral side setose. Juxta oval, dorsal margin strongly concave medially. Saccus short, rounded. Phallus narrowing posteriorly, distal end pointed and slightly curved ventrally; apical thorn large, hook-shaped, strongly sclerotized, curved ventrally; cornuti absent; ductus ejaculatorius connected at anterior end of phallus.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF526629FFA42230FF77BB639196FC9E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385141" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385141" box="[151,1411,838,863]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385141/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" startId="4.[151,250,838,862]" targetBox="[162,1426,348,815]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA42230FF77BB639196FC9E" blockId="4.[151,1411,838,863]" box="[151,1411,838,863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA42230FF77BB639506FC9E" bold="true" box="[151,275,838,862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA42230FEF9BB6395C1FC9E" box="[281,468,838,862]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA42230FEF9BB6395B6FC9E" box="[281,419,838,862]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Glaucocharis</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
head in lateral view. A:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA42230FD2ABB62974FFC9E" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" box="[714,858,838,862]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triocellaris">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA42230FD2ABB62974FFC9E" box="[714,858,838,862]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">G. triocellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male, paratype. B:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA42230FBC0BB6290CAFC9E" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" box="[1056,1247,838,862]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumbofascialis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA42230FBC0BB6290CAFC9E" box="[1056,1247,838,862]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">G. plumbofascialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male, holotype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF526629FFA42230FF77BF47907CF802" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385145" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385145/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" startId="4.[151,250,1890,1914]" targetBox="[155,1430,926,1859]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA42230FF77BF47907CF802" blockId="4.[151,1437,1890,1986]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA42230FF77BF479502F8BA" bold="true" box="[151,279,1890,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA42230FEC2BF4795F4F8B9" box="[290,481,1890,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA42230FEC2BF4795B9F8BA" box="[290,428,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">Glaucocharis</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
adults in dorsal view. A:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA42230FD1CBF479784F8BA" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" box="[764,913,1890,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triocellaris">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA42230FD1CBF479784F8BA" box="[764,913,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">G. triocellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype male. B: ditto, paratype female. C:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA42230FA64BF479522F85E" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumbofascialis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA42230FA64BF479522F85E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="87">G. plumbofascialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype male. D: ditto, paratype female. af: antemedial fascia, am: apical mark, bf: basal fascia, mf: medial fascia, ms: marginal spot, pf: postmedial fascia, sf: submarginal fascia, si: subapical indentation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF526629FFA52231FF77BBE196BEFBC0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385147" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385147/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" startId="5.[151,250,964,988]" targetBox="[151,1391,207,924]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA52231FF77BBE196BEFBC0" blockId="5.[151,1437,964,1025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA52231FF77BBE1950FFC1C" bold="true" box="[151,282,964,988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA52231FEC8BBE195F9FC1C" box="[296,492,964,988]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA52231FEC8BBE195A7FC1C" box="[296,434,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Glaucocharis</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, male wing venations. A:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA52231FCF6BBE097BBFC1C" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" box="[790,942,964,988]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triocellaris">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA52231FCF6BBE097BBFC1C" box="[790,942,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">G. triocellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype (wing slide no. YM-W-10). B:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA52231FA64BBE09522FBC0" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumbofascialis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA52231FA64BBE09522FBC0" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">G. plumbofascialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype (wing slide no. YM-W-8).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA52231FF27BC7696E8FB3C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1106,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA52231FF27BC769584FBAC" bold="true" box="[199,401,1106,1133]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA52231FE45BC77967FFBAC" box="[421,618,1106,1132]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,188,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-31@8.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Glaucocharis spp. female genitalia.A: G. triocellaris whole genitalia (gen. slide no.YM836). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM838). C: G. triocellaris, around ostium (lamella antevaginalis opened anteriorly, gen. slide no. YM836). D: ditto, lamella antevaginalis normal position (gen. slide no. YM735). E: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM750). cb: corpus bursae, db: ductus bursae, la: lamella antevaginalis, lp: lamella postvaginalis, os: ostium. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C–E = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385157/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 6A, 6C, 6D</figureCitation>
) (
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA52231FD68BC769683FBAC" box="[648,662,1107,1132]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">n</emphasis>
= 6). Papillae anales ovate, membranous, weakly fused. Anterior and posterior apophyses thin and straight, almost equal in length. Lamella postvaginalis a square plate. Lamella antevaginalis a circular spinose sclerotization, covering ostium. Ductus bursae membranous, almost as long as corpus bursae. Ductus seminalis located at anterior 2/3 of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae membranous, anterior half slightly swollen, posterior half granulate; signa absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337652AFFA52231FF27BD2290BDF869" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA52231FF27BD2290BDF869" blockId="5.[151,1437,1106,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA52231FF27BD22956DFAE0" bold="true" box="[199,376,1286,1313]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FE61BD229180FA85" collectingDate="2023-03-09" collectionCode="ELKU" collectorName="Shigureyama &amp; Chichijima Is. &amp; Ogasawara-mura" elevation="252" latitude="27.0629" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="142.2214" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA52231FE61BD2295E0FAE1" bold="true" box="[385,501,1287,1313]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
<typeStatus id="54968803FFA52231FE61BD2295E5FAE1" box="[385,496,1287,1313]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FE1FBD229601FAE1" box="[511,532,1287,1313]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
[JPN: Tokyo-Pref.]
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FCE0BD239782FAE0" box="[768,919,1286,1312]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Shigureyama</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FC44BD239052FAE1" box="[932,1095,1286,1313]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Chichijima Is.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FBB6BD22910DFAE1" box="[1110,1304,1287,1313]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Ogasawara-mura</collectorName>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE195066FFA52231FAC6BD23918DFAE0" box="[1318,1432,1286,1312]" degrees="27.0629" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" precision="5" value="27.0629">N27.0629</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE195066FFA52231FF77BD0E9500FA85" box="[151,277,1323,1349]" degrees="142.2214" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" precision="5" value="142.2214">E142.2214</geoCoordinate>
, alt.
<quantity id="4CD59B44FFA52231FEB3BD0F95B5FA85" box="[339,416,1322,1349]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.52" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="252.0">
<elevation id="0000D192FFA52231FEB3BD0F95B5FA85" box="[339,416,1322,1349]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.52" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" unit="m" value="252.0">252 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA52231FE51BD0E960BFA85" box="[433,542,1323,1349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-03-09">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FE51BD0E960BFA85" box="[433,542,1323,1349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-03-09">9.iii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, LT, Shunsuke TOMURA leg., gen. slide no. YM-853, deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA52231FAAABD0E9180FA85" box="[1354,1429,1323,1349]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">ELKU</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FF77BD6A9780FA4D" collectingDate="2022-06-18" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Chichijima Is. &amp; Hirowatari &amp; Wing" elevation="252" latitude="27.0629" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="142.2214" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="7" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA52231FF77BD6A95CEFAA9" bold="true" box="[151,475,1358,1385]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
<typeStatus id="54968803FFA52231FF77BD6A9504FAA9" box="[151,273,1359,1385]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
. [
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FEC5BD6B95C1FAA9" box="[293,468,1358,1385]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Chichijima Is.</collectorName>
]
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FE03BD6A961EFAA9" box="[483,523,1359,1385]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FDEBBD6A963EFAA9" box="[523,555,1359,1385]" count="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="female">7♀</specimenCount>
, same locality as holotype,
<date id="FF931061FFA52231FC86BD6B97F5FAA8" box="[870,992,1358,1384]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2022-06-18">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FC86BD6B97F5FAA8" box="[870,992,1358,1384]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2022-06-18">18.vi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, LT,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA52231FBF9BD6A903EFAA9" box="[1049,1067,1359,1385]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FBD7BD6B90A5FAA8" box="[1079,1200,1358,1384]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Hirowatari</collectorName>
et al. leg., gen. slide no. YM-534,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FED2BD57957AFA4C" box="[306,367,1394,1420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Wing</collectorName>
slide no. YM-W-10, DNA sample id. M23-037
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FC42BD569528FA70" collectingDate="2022-06-26" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Shunsuke" elevation="252" latitude="27.0629" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="142.2214" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FC42BD5697D3FA4D" box="[930,966,1395,1421]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, same locality,
<date id="FF931061FFA52231FB9ABD5790E1FA4C" box="[1146,1268,1394,1420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2022-06-26">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FB9ABD5790E1FA4C" box="[1146,1268,1394,1420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2022-06-26">26.vi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, LT,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FACFBD579189FA4C" box="[1327,1436,1394,1420]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Shunsuke</collectorName>
TOMURA leg
</materialsCitation>
.;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FEADBDB297C5FA70" box="[333,976,1430,1457]" collectingDate="2022-11-13" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Hirowatari" elevation="252" latitude="27.0629" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="142.2214" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FEADBDB29565FA71" box="[333,368,1431,1457]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, same locality,
<date id="FF931061FFA52231FDFEBDB3968DFA70" box="[542,664,1430,1456]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2022-11-13">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FDFEBDB3968DFA70" box="[542,664,1430,1456]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2022-11-13">13.xi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, LT,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA52231FD2EBDB296F5FA71" box="[718,736,1431,1457]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FD0BBDB39771FA70" box="[747,868,1430,1456]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Hirowatari</collectorName>
et al. leg
</materialsCitation>
.;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FC00BDB2900FFA15" collectingDate="2023-03-09" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Hirowatari" elevation="252" latitude="27.0629" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="142.2214" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="13" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="12" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FC00BDB2900FFA71" box="[992,1050,1431,1457]" count="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="male">12♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FBFABDB29023FA71" box="[1050,1078,1431,1457]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, same locality,
<date id="FF931061FFA52231FB02BDB3915AFA70" box="[1250,1359,1430,1456]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-03-09">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FB02BDB3915AFA70" box="[1250,1359,1430,1456]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-03-09">9.iii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, LT,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA52231FA66BDB2918DFA71" box="[1414,1432,1431,1457]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FF77BD9F9505FA14" box="[151,272,1466,1492]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Hirowatari</collectorName>
et al. leg., gen. slide no. YM-533, YM-851, wing slide no. YM-W-7
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FBC5BD9E95D8FA38" collectingDate="2023-03-13" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Hirowatari" elevation="252" latitude="27.0629" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="142.2214" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FBC5BD9E9058FA15" box="[1061,1101,1467,1493]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FBADBD9E9079FA15" box="[1101,1132,1467,1493]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, same locality,
<date id="FF931061FFA52231FAFCBD9F918DFA14" box="[1308,1432,1466,1492]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-03-13">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FAFCBD9F918DFA14" box="[1308,1432,1466,1492]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-03-13">13.iii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, LT,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA52231FF24BDFA94C3FA39" box="[196,214,1503,1529]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FF03BDFB9549FA38" box="[227,348,1502,1528]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Hirowatari</collectorName>
et al. leg
</materialsCitation>
.;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FE3FBDFA9581F9DD" collectingDate="2022-03-12" collectionCode="SW, T" collectorName="Hirowatari" location="Hatsuneura Observatory" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FE3FBDFA9613FA39" box="[479,518,1503,1529]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FDE7BDFA9633FA39" box="[519,550,1503,1529]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA52231FDD5BDFA975CFA38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA32232FF77B9FF910BFE81:8EF2607AFFA52231FDD5BDFA975CFA38" box="[565,841,1502,1529]" name="Hatsuneura Observatory" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Hatsuneura Observatory</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA52231FCB5BDFB97C4FA38" box="[853,977,1502,1528]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2022-03-12">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FCB5BDFB97C4FA38" box="[853,977,1502,1528]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2022-03-12">12.iii.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA52231FC3EBDFA901DFA39" box="[990,1032,1503,1529]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">SW</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA52231FBF5BDFA9032FA39" box="[1045,1063,1503,1529]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FBD4BDFB90B8FA38" box="[1076,1197,1502,1528]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Hirowatari</collectorName>
et al. leg., gen. slide no. YM-735, YM-835
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FE40BE269007F9DC" box="[416,1042,1538,1565]" collectingDate="2022-06-26" collectorName="Shunsuke" location="Higashidaira" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FE40BE2695D1F9DD" box="[416,452,1539,1565]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA52231FE31BE279676F9DC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA32232FF77B9FF910BFE81:8EF2607AFFA52231FE31BE279676F9DC" box="[465,611,1538,1564]" name="Higashidaira" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Higashidaira</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA52231FD8FBE2796FFF9DC" box="[623,746,1538,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2022-06-26">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FD8FBE2796FFF9DC" box="[623,746,1538,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2022-06-26">26.vi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FD16BE279776F9DC" box="[758,867,1538,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Shunsuke</collectorName>
TOMURA leg
</materialsCitation>
.;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FBC3BE26950CF980" collectingDate="2024-07-13" collectorName="Y. Matsui" location="Higashidaira" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FBC3BE269052F9DD" box="[1059,1095,1539,1565]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, same locality,
<date id="FF931061FFA52231FB17BE27916CF9DC" box="[1271,1401,1538,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2024-07-13">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FB17BE27916CF9DC" box="[1271,1401,1538,1564]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2024-07-13">13.vii.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FA65BE2694F0F980" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Y. Matsui</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FEC6BE0290DAF981" box="[294,1231,1574,1601]" collectingDate="2023-03-10" collectionCode="SW, T" collectorName="Hirowatari" location="Higashidaira" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FEC6BE02955CF981" box="[294,329,1575,1601]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, same locality,
<date id="FF931061FFA52231FE1ABE039660F980" box="[506,629,1574,1600]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-03-10">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FE1ABE039660F980" box="[506,629,1574,1600]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-03-10">10.iii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA52231FD62BE0296B9F981" box="[642,684,1575,1601]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">SW</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA52231FD58BE0296DFF981" box="[696,714,1575,1601]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FD35BE03975BF980" box="[725,846,1574,1600]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Hirowatari</collectorName>
et al. leg., gen. slide no. YM-737
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FB3BBE0296D6F9A4" collectingDate="2023-06-13" collectionCode="PARK" location="Higashidaira" municipality="Mt. Hatsune-yama" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FB3BBE029115F981" box="[1243,1280,1575,1601]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA52231FAEDBE039189F980" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA32232FF77B9FF910BFE81:8EF2607AFFA52231FAEDBE039189F980" box="[1293,1436,1574,1600]" municipality="Mt. Hatsune-yama" name="Higashidaira" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Higashidaira</location>
~
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF6ACDBFFA52231FF4DBE6E9595F9A5" box="[173,384,1611,1637]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Mt. Hatsune-yama</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA52231FE6ABE6F9611F9A4" box="[394,516,1610,1636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-06-13">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FE6ABE6F9611F9A4" box="[394,516,1610,1636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-06-13">13.vi.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, J.-H.
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA52231FDADBE6E9680F9A5" box="[589,661,1611,1637]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">PARK</collectionCode>
leg
</materialsCitation>
.;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FD33BE6E9575F949" collectingDate="2023-06-13" collectionCode="SW, PARK" location="Mt. Mikazuki-yama" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FD33BE6E96E3F9A5" box="[723,758,1611,1637]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA52231FCE3BE6E97F0F9A4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA32232FF77B9FF910BFE81:8EF2607AFFA52231FCE3BE6E97F0F9A4" box="[771,997,1610,1637]" name="Mt. Mikazuki-yama" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Mt. Mikazuki-yama</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA52231FC10BE6F907FF9A4" box="[1008,1130,1610,1636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-06-13">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FC10BE6F907FF9A4" box="[1008,1130,1610,1636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-06-13">13.vi.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA52231FB95BE6E908AF9A5" box="[1141,1183,1611,1637]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">SW</collectionCode>
, J.-H.
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA52231FB07BE6E913AF9A5" box="[1255,1327,1611,1637]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">PARK</collectionCode>
leg., gen. slide no. YM-855
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FE8BBE4A95D1F96D" collectingDate="2023-03-13" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Hirowatari" location="Kitafukurozawa" municipality="Nishikaigan" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FE8BBE4A959BF949" box="[363,398,1647,1673]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA52231FE7BBE4B965AF948" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA32232FF77B9FF910BFE81:8EF2607AFFA52231FE7BBE4B965AF948" box="[411,591,1646,1672]" municipality="Nishikaigan" name="Kitafukurozawa" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Kitafukurozawa</location>
~
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF6ACDBFFA52231FD8DBE4B96E2F948" box="[621,759,1646,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Nishikaigan</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA52231FCE2BE4B976BF948" box="[770,894,1646,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-03-13">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FCE2BE4B976BF948" box="[770,894,1646,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-03-13">13.iii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA52231FC69BE4A978EF949" box="[905,923,1647,1673]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FC46BE4B900AF948" box="[934,1055,1646,1672]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Hirowatari</collectorName>
et al. leg., gen. slide no. YM-856, DNA sample id. M23-180
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FE31BEB69097F96C" box="[465,1154,1682,1709]" collectingDate="2022-11-14" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Hirowatari" location="Kuwanokiyama" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FE31BEB695E0F96D" box="[465,501,1683,1709]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA52231FDE4BEB796ADF96C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA32232FF77B9FF910BFE81:8EF2607AFFA52231FDE4BEB796ADF96C" box="[516,696,1682,1708]" name="Kuwanokiyama" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Kuwanokiyama</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA52231FD25BEB7972BF96C" box="[709,830,1682,1708]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2022-11-14">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FD25BEB7972BF96C" box="[709,830,1682,1708]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2022-11-14">14.xi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, LT,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA52231FC99BEB6979EF96D" box="[889,907,1683,1709]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FC77BEB79005F96C" box="[919,1040,1682,1708]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Hirowatari</collectorName>
et al. leg
</materialsCitation>
.;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FB74BEB6967BF910" collectingDate="2023-03-12" collectionCode="SW, T" collectorName="Hirowatari" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FB74BEB690ADF96D" box="[1172,1208,1683,1709]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Ogaguwa-no-mori,
<date id="FF931061FFA52231FF77BE939506F910" box="[151,275,1718,1744]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-03-12">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FF77BE939506F910" box="[151,275,1718,1744]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-03-12">12.iii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA52231FEC3BE929558F911" box="[291,333,1719,1745]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">SW</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA52231FEBCBE92957BF911" box="[348,366,1719,1745]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FE9DBE9395E3F910" box="[381,502,1718,1744]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Hirowatari</collectorName>
et al. leg
</materialsCitation>
.;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FD62BE929079F911" box="[642,1132,1718,1745]" collectingDate="2023-03-12" collectionCode="SW, T" collectorName="Hirowatari" location="Hahajima Is." pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FD62BE9296B2F911" box="[642,679,1719,1745]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, same data except LT.
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA52231FC59BE939079F911" bold="true" box="[953,1132,1718,1745]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
[
<location id="8EF2607AFFA52231FC20BE939071F911" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA32232FF77B9FF910BFE81:8EF2607AFFA52231FC20BE939071F911" box="[960,1124,1718,1745]" name="Hahajima Is." pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Hahajima Is.</location>
]
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FB97BE92900DF934" collectingDate="2023-09-25" collectingDateMax="2023-11-26" collectingDateMin="2023-09-25" collectorName="Bryopsida &amp; J. Hamaguchi" location="Mt. Funaki-yama" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FB97BE92908BF911" box="[1143,1182,1719,1745]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FB7EBE9290AAF911" box="[1182,1215,1719,1745]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA52231FB2FBE92918DF910" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA32232FF77B9FF910BFE81:8EF2607AFFA52231FB2FBE92918DF910" box="[1231,1432,1718,1745]" name="Mt. Funaki-yama" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Mt. Funaki-yama</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA52231FF77BEFF951AF935" box="[151,271,1754,1781]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-09-25">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FF77BEFF951AF935" box="[151,271,1754,1781]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-09-25">25.ix.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
(larva),
<date id="FF931061FFA52231FE92BEFF9614F934" box="[370,513,1754,1780]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-11-02" valueMax="2023-11-26" valueMin="2023-11-02">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FE92BEFF9614F934" box="[370,513,1754,1780]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-11-02" valueMax="2023-11-26" valueMin="2023-11-02">2-26.xi.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
em. (host:
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FD65BEFF96EDF934" box="[645,760,1754,1780]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Bryopsida</collectorName>
spp.),
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FCA7BEFE97F6F934" box="[839,995,1754,1781]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">J. Hamaguchi</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
, gen. slide no. YM-857, YM-836, DNA sample id. M23-181;
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, same locality,
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,
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leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
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<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FC37BEDA97E9F8D9" box="[983,1020,1791,1817]" count="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
,
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,
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, LT,
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.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FF55BF07953BF8FC" box="[181,302,1826,1852]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Hirowatari</collectorName>
et al. leg., wing slide no. YM-W-6
</materialsCitation>
;
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<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FD27BF0696FEF8FD" box="[711,747,1827,1853]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, same locality,
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<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FC7ABF079013F8FC" box="[922,1030,1826,1852]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2022-11-09">9.xi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FBD0BF0790BCF8FC" box="[1072,1193,1826,1852]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Hirowatari</collectorName>
leg.
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;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FB09BF0690F6F8A0" collectingDate="2023-09-25" collectorName="Yuki" location="Tamagawadam" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FB09BF06911BF8FD" box="[1257,1294,1827,1853]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
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,
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<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FF35BF639545F8A1" box="[213,336,1862,1889]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-09-25">25.ix.2023</collectingDate>
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,
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,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FE2EBF639616F8A0" box="[462,515,1862,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Yuki</collectorName>
MATSUI leg., gen. slide no. YM-749, DNA sample id. M23-161
</materialsCitation>
;
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,
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,
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<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FF03BF4F9548F845" box="[227,349,1898,1925]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2023-06-15">15.vi.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, LT,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FE78BF4F95E9F844" box="[408,508,1898,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Sadahisa</collectorName>
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA52231FDE3BF4E9653F845" box="[515,582,1899,1925]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">YAGI</collectionCode>
leg
</materialsCitation>
.;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FD68BF4E9080F844" box="[648,1173,1898,1925]" collectingDate="2022-06-22" collectionCode="SW" collectorName="S. Yagi" location="Sakaigatake" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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,
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,
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<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA52231FCB1BF4F97DEF844" box="[849,971,1898,1924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" value="2022-06-22">22.vi.2022</collectingDate>
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,
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,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA52231FBEFBF4E9074F844" box="[1039,1121,1898,1925]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">S. Yagi</collectorName>
leg.
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;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA52231FB43BF4E90B1F869" collectingDate="2022-06-22" collectionCode="SW" collectorName="S. Yagi" location="Shunsuke" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA52231FB43BF4E90D3F845" box="[1187,1222,1899,1925]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, same locality and collecting date,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA52231FEA9BFAA95A3F869" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA32232FF77B9FF910BFE81:8EF2607AFFA52231FEA9BFAA95A3F869" box="[329,438,1935,1961]" name="Shunsuke" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Shunsuke</location>
TOMURA leg., gen. slide no. YM-858, DNA sample id. M23-182
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337652AFFA52232FF27BF97953DFF39" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA52232FF27BF97953DFF39" blockId="5.[151,1437,1106,2033]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,321]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA52231FF27BF979534F80C" bold="true" box="[199,289,1970,1996]" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Biology</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA52231FED1BF9795CFF80D" box="[305,474,1970,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1586,1610]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,193,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-31@10.[151,1435,181,1562]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Biology of Glaucocharis spp. A: G. triocellaris resting posture. B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto. C: ditto, resting posture on the leaf. D: Bryopsida spp. collected on Mt. Funakiyama, Hahajima Island, where the adults of G. triocellaris and G. plumbofascialis emerged (the arrow indicates the frass of them). E: a cocoon of G. triocellaris or G. plumbofascialis. E: ditto, opened view with pupal exuviae (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385160/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 7A, 7D–F</figureCitation>
). Although larvae were not found, the adults emerged from various Bryopsida species collected on Hahajima Island. The larvae made a cocoon using the leaf pieces of Bryopsida spp. (
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA52231FB39BFF2913BF831" box="[1241,1326,2007,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1586,1610]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,193,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-31@10.[151,1435,181,1562]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Biology of Glaucocharis spp. A: G. triocellaris resting posture. B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto. C: ditto, resting posture on the leaf. D: Bryopsida spp. collected on Mt. Funakiyama, Hahajima Island, where the adults of G. triocellaris and G. plumbofascialis emerged (the arrow indicates the frass of them). E: a cocoon of G. triocellaris or G. plumbofascialis. E: ditto, opened view with pupal exuviae (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385160/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
) and then pupated therein. The pupal exuviae were not exposed from the cocoon after emergence (
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA62232FB65B8B290C9FF71" box="[1157,1244,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1586,1610]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,193,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-31@10.[151,1435,181,1562]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Biology of Glaucocharis spp. A: G. triocellaris resting posture. B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto. C: ditto, resting posture on the leaf. D: Bryopsida spp. collected on Mt. Funakiyama, Hahajima Island, where the adults of G. triocellaris and G. plumbofascialis emerged (the arrow indicates the frass of them). E: a cocoon of G. triocellaris or G. plumbofascialis. E: ditto, opened view with pupal exuviae (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385160/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
). Adults fly both during the day and night, but most specimens were collected by light trapping at night. The species is presumed multivoltine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337652AFFA62232FF27B9279035FEDD" box="[199,1056,258,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA62232FF27B9279035FEDD" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,321]" box="[199,1056,258,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA62232FF27B9279574FEDC" bold="true" box="[199,353,258,284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F33A7631FFA62232FE87B92695BEFEDD" box="[359,427,259,285]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Japan</collectingCountry>
: Ogasawara Islands (Chichijima and Hahajima Islands).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337652AFFA62232FF27B902910BFE81" box="[199,1310,295,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA62232FF27B902910BFE81" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,321]" box="[199,1310,295,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA62232FF27B902955BFE81" bold="true" box="[199,334,295,321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name of the new species is derived from the three marginal spots on the forewing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

809
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<mods:identifier id="95586FE580112EE45A966992F971434B" type="ZooBank">DA37B0E4-61F6-4C12-958D-91E15DC76B4C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
<subSubSection id="C337652AFFA62232FF77BE3397D6F9F1" box="[151,963,1558,1585]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA62232FF77BE3397D6F9F1" blockId="6.[151,963,1558,1657]" box="[151,963,1558,1585]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
<heading id="D0DA81CDFFA62232FF77BE3397D6F9F1" bold="true" box="[151,963,1558,1585]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA62232FF77BE3397D6F9F1" bold="true" box="[151,963,1558,1585]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA62232FF77BE33974CF9F1" authority="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,857,1558,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumbofascialis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA62232FF77BE339615F9F1" bold="true" box="[151,512,1558,1585]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Glaucocharis plumbofascialis</emphasis>
Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A57C8FFA62232FC86BE3297D6F9F1" box="[870,963,1559,1585]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337652AFFA62232FF77BE1E9651F9B9" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA62232FF77BE1E973AF995" blockId="6.[151,963,1558,1657]" box="[151,815,1595,1622]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
(
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA62232FF7FBE1E94EFF995" box="[159,250,1595,1621]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,838,862]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,348,815]" captionTargetId="figure-101@4.[159,1426,345,817]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Glaucocharis spp. head in lateral view. A: G. triocellaris male, paratype. B: G. plumbofascialis male, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385141/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA62232FEE6BE1E954FF995" box="[262,346,1595,1621]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1890,1914]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,926,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-122@4.[151,1435,922,1866]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Glaucocharis spp. adults in dorsal view. A: G. triocellaris, holotype male. B: ditto, paratype female. C: G. plumbofascialis, holotype male. D: ditto, paratype female. af: antemedial fascia, am: apical mark, bf: basal fascia, mf: medial fascia, ms: marginal spot, pf: postmedial fascia, sf: submarginal fascia, si: subapical indentation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385145/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">2C, 2D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA62232FE85BE1E959DF995" box="[357,392,1595,1621]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,964,988]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,207,924]" captionTargetId="figure-23@5.[151,1435,181,940]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Glaucocharis spp., male wing venations. A: G. triocellaris, paratype (wing slide no. YM-W-10). B: G. plumbofascialis, paratype (wing slide no. YM-W-8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385147/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA62232FE74BE1E95FDF995" box="[404,488,1595,1621]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1344,1368]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,350,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-98@6.[151,1435,345,1321]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Glaucocharis spp. abdominal structures. A: G. triocellaris tympanal organ (gen. slide no. YM853). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). C: G. triocellaris male tergite and sternite 8 (gen. slide no. YM853). D: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). b.ty.: bulla tympani, f.ty.: fornix tympani, ra.ty.: ramus tympani, s8: sternite 8, t8: tergite 8, ven.1: venula prima. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385151/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">4B, 4D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA62232FE13BE1E9665F996" box="[499,624,1595,1622]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1860,1884]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,477,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[164,1426,450,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Glaucocharis spp. male genitalia.A: G. triocellaris whole genitalia (gen. slide no. YM853). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). C: G. triocellaris uncus, tegumen, and gnathos lateral view (gen. slide no. YM857). D: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM738). E: G. triocellaris juxta (gen. slide no. YM857). F: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). at: apical thorn, ca: costal arm, cl: cucullus, gn: gnathos, jx: juxta, ph: phallus, pl: petaloid lobes, sa: saccus, sc: socius, sl: sacculus, tg: tegumen, un: uncus, va: ventral arms of juxta. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C–F = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385153/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">5B, 5D, 5F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA62232FD9BBE1E96DEF995" box="[635,715,1595,1621]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,188,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-31@8.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Glaucocharis spp. female genitalia.A: G. triocellaris whole genitalia (gen. slide no.YM836). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM838). C: G. triocellaris, around ostium (lamella antevaginalis opened anteriorly, gen. slide no. YM836). D: ditto, lamella antevaginalis normal position (gen. slide no. YM735). E: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM750). cb: corpus bursae, db: ductus bursae, la: lamella antevaginalis, lp: lamella postvaginalis, os: ostium. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C–E = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385157/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">6B, 6E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA62232FD37BE1E973DF995" box="[727,808,1595,1621]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1586,1610]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,193,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-31@10.[151,1435,181,1562]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Biology of Glaucocharis spp. A: G. triocellaris resting posture. B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto. C: ditto, resting posture on the leaf. D: Bryopsida spp. collected on Mt. Funakiyama, Hahajima Island, where the adults of G. triocellaris and G. plumbofascialis emerged (the arrow indicates the frass of them). E: a cocoon of G. triocellaris or G. plumbofascialis. E: ditto, opened view with pupal exuviae (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385160/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">7B, 7C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA62232FF77BE7A9651F9B9" blockId="6.[151,963,1558,1657]" box="[151,580,1631,1657]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">(Japanese name: munin-eguri-tsutoga)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337652AFFA62232FF77BE8294EAF891" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA62232FF77BE829189F925" blockId="6.[151,1437,1703,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA62232FF77BE829507F901" bold="true" box="[151,274,1703,1729]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This new species can be easily distinguished from other
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA62232FC32BE8290DCF901" box="[978,1225,1703,1729]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA62232FC32BE82907FF901" box="[978,1130,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Glaucocharis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by its distinctive morphological characters, such as the plumbeous postmedial and submarginal fasciae sharply angled outwards at
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA62232FF77BECA94EAF891" blockId="6.[151,1437,1703,2017]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
M
<quantity id="4CD59B44FFA62232FF50BF2494C0F8C9" box="[176,213,1775,1807]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" unit="in" value="1.0">
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA62232FF50BF2494ADF8CF" attach="left" box="[176,184,1793,1807]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">1</subScript>
in
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the forewing; the valva cucullus with a strongly sclerotized prong and the phallus with a sheath-shaped apical thorn in the male genitalia; and the long square plate-like lamellae postvaginalis and antevaginalis in the female genitalia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337652AFFA6223DFF27BF7E9121FCF8" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA62232FF27BF7E9188F8B5" blockId="6.[151,1437,1703,2017]" box="[199,1437,1883,1909]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA62232FF27BF7E958AF8B5" bold="true" box="[199,415,1883,1909]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Description. Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA62232FE4DBF7E9616F8B5" box="[429,515,1883,1909]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,838,862]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,348,815]" captionTargetId="figure-101@4.[159,1426,345,817]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Glaucocharis spp. head in lateral view. A: G. triocellaris male, paratype. B: G. plumbofascialis male, holotype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385141" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385141/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Frons pale ocherous, anterior margin white. Vertex brown, lateral sides ocherous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA62232FF77BF5A9189F859" blockId="6.[151,1437,1703,2017]" box="[151,1436,1919,1945]" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">Maxillary palpus about 0.7 times longer than compound eye, outer side ocherous basally, pale ocherous apically,</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA62233FF77BF8696E2FF39" blockId="6.[151,1437,1703,2017]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
inner side white. Labial palpus about 1.6 times longer than compound eye; first palpomere ocherous dorsally, white ventrally; second palpomere with apically expanded scale tuft, ocherous on outer side, white on inner side; third palpomere pale ocherous, with apex pointed. Maxillary and labial palpi strongly upturned in resting posture (
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA72233FA8FB8B294A9FF15" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1586,1610]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,193,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-31@10.[151,1435,181,1562]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Biology of Glaucocharis spp. A: G. triocellaris resting posture. B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto. C: ditto, resting posture on the leaf. D: Bryopsida spp. collected on Mt. Funakiyama, Hahajima Island, where the adults of G. triocellaris and G. plumbofascialis emerged (the arrow indicates the frass of them). E: a cocoon of G. triocellaris or G. plumbofascialis. E: ditto, opened view with pupal exuviae (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385160/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Antennae about 3/4 of forewing length, brown, ciliate in male, filiform in female; scape brown dorsally, white ventrally. Proboscis covered with white scales basally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA72233FF27B926971FFE6D" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA72233FF27B9269585FEDD" bold="true" box="[199,400,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Thorax and legs.</emphasis>
Thorax brown dorsally, white ventrally. Patagium and tegula brown. Foreleg entirely white. Midleg femur white, ventral side basally gray; tibia gray dorsally, cream white ventrally, inner and outer spurs cream white, inner one slightly longer than outer one; tarsus cream white. Hindleg femur cream white, ventral side black at 2/3 from base; tibia gray dorsally except basal 1/3, cream white ventrally, mid and hind spurs gray, respective inner and outer spurs almost same length; tarsus cream white.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF526629FFA72233FF77BF619127F82C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385153" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385153/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" startId="7.[151,250,1860,1884]" targetBox="[164,1422,477,1778]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA72233FF77BF619127F82C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1860,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA72233FF77BF619507F89C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1860,1884]" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA72233FEF8BF6195C7F89C" box="[280,466,1860,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA72233FEF8BF6195B7F89C" box="[280,418,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Glaucocharis</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
male genitalia. A:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA72233FD6EBF60970BF89C" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" box="[654,798,1860,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triocellaris">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA72233FD6EBF60970BF89C" box="[654,798,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">G. triocellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
whole genitalia (gen. slide no. YM853). B:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA72233FB37BF609180F89C" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" box="[1239,1429,1860,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumbofascialis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA72233FB37BF609180F89C" box="[1239,1429,1860,1884]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">G. plumbofascialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). C:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA72233FE1ABF4C969BF840" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" box="[506,654,1896,1920]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triocellaris">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA72233FE1ABF4C969BF840" box="[506,654,1896,1920]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">G. triocellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
uncus, tegumen, and gnathos lateral view (gen. slide no. YM857). D:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA72233FA64BF4C9522F864" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumbofascialis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA72233FA64BF4C9522F864" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">G. plumbofascialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ditto (gen. slide no. YM738). E:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA72233FD6BBFA8970FF864" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" box="[651,794,1932,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triocellaris">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA72233FD6BBFA8970FF864" box="[651,794,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">G. triocellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
juxta (gen. slide no. YM857). F:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA72233FB8ABFA8913DF864" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" box="[1130,1320,1932,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumbofascialis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA72233FB8ABFA8913DF864" box="[1130,1320,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="90">G. plumbofascialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). at: apical thorn, ca: costal arm, cl: cucullus, gn: gnathos, jx: juxta, ph: phallus, pl: petaloid lobes, sa: saccus, sc: socius, sl: sacculus, tg: tegumen, un: uncus, va: ventral arms of juxta. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C–F = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF526629FFA8223CFF77BDCE9521F952" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385157" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14385157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385157/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="91" startId="8.[151,250,1515,1539]" targetBox="[157,1430,188,1485]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA8223CFF77BDCE9521F952" blockId="8.[151,1437,1515,1683]" pageId="8" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA8223CFF77BDCE9504F9C3" bold="true" box="[151,273,1515,1539]" pageId="8" pageNumber="91">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA8223CFEF6BDCE95DBF9C2" box="[278,462,1515,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA8223CFEF6BDCE95B5F9C3" box="[278,416,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="91">Glaucocharis</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
female genitalia.A:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA8223CFD7ABDCE973DF9C3" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" box="[666,808,1515,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triocellaris">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA8223CFD7ABDCE973DF9C3" box="[666,808,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="91">G. triocellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
whole genitalia (gen. slide no. YM836). B:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA8223CFB38BDCE9180F9C3" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" box="[1240,1429,1515,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumbofascialis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA8223CFB38BDCE9180F9C3" box="[1240,1429,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="91">G. plumbofascialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ditto (gen. slide no. YM838). C:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA8223CFE00BE2A9665F9E7" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" box="[480,624,1551,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triocellaris">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA8223CFE00BE2A9665F9E7" box="[480,624,1551,1575]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="91">G. triocellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, around ostium (lamella antevaginalis opened anteriorly, gen. slide no. YM836). D: ditto, lamella antevaginalis normal position (gen. slide no. YM735). E:
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA8223CFC7EBE16904AF98B" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" box="[926,1119,1587,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumbofascialis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA8223CFC7EBE16904AF98B" box="[926,1119,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="91">G. plumbofascialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ditto (gen. slide no. YM750). cb: corpus bursae, db: ductus bursae, la: lamella antevaginalis, lp: lamella postvaginalis, os: ostium. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C–E = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA8223CFF27BEFF900CF830" blockId="8.[151,1437,1754,2039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA8223CFF27BEFF9506F934" bold="true" box="[199,275,1754,1780]" pageId="8" pageNumber="91">Wings</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA8223CFEC1BEFF95BCF935" box="[289,425,1754,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1890,1914]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,926,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-122@4.[151,1435,922,1866]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Glaucocharis spp. adults in dorsal view. A: G. triocellaris, holotype male. B: ditto, paratype female. C: G. plumbofascialis, holotype male. D: ditto, paratype female. af: antemedial fascia, am: apical mark, bf: basal fascia, mf: medial fascia, ms: marginal spot, pf: postmedial fascia, sf: submarginal fascia, si: subapical indentation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385145/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="91">Fig. 2C, 2D</figureCitation>
). Forewing length
<quantity id="4CD59B44FFA8223CFD99BEFE96EAF935" box="[633,767,1755,1781]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="3.1">3.1–3.9 mm</quantity>
(mean
<quantity id="4CD59B44FFA8223CFCB1BEFE97BDF935" box="[849,936,1755,1781]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA8223CFC53BEFE97D4F934" box="[947,961,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="91">n</emphasis>
= 10). Forewing ground color dark brown, outer area of medial fascia ocherous; basal, antemedial, medial, postmedial, and submarginal fasciae plumbeous with blue luster, both sides of each fascia margined with black lines; basal, antemedial, and medial fasciae obscure, angled outwards at M
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA8223CFE6FBF7C9582F8A7" attach="left" box="[399,407,1881,1895]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="91">1</subScript>
; postmedial and submarginal fasciae distinct, sharply angled outwards at M
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA8223CFB19BF7C9114F8A7" attach="left" box="[1273,1281,1881,1895]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="91">1</subScript>
, whitish near costa; discal spot ocherous, oval, located at inner angle of medial fascia; two marginal spots irregular, black, located at M
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA8223CFF2BBF8494C6F86F" attach="left" box="[203,211,1953,1967]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="91">3</subScript>
and CuA
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA8223CFEDFBF849552F86F" attach="left" box="[319,327,1953,1967]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="91">2</subScript>
on termen; subapical indentation on termen vestigial; cilia plumbeous basally, dark brown distally. Hindwing ground color brown, distally darker, with whitish fascia subapically; in male, basal area covered with black lustered scales, and a whitish gray fascia along CuA
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA8223CFCC3BFCC973EF837" attach="left" box="[803,811,2025,2039]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="91">2</subScript>
; cilia as in forewing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA9223DFF27B8B39695FF14" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFF27B8B3956CFF70" bold="true" box="[199,377,150,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Wing venation</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA9223DFE6BB8B395F6FF70" box="[395,483,150,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,964,988]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,207,924]" captionTargetId="figure-23@5.[151,1435,181,940]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Glaucocharis spp., male wing venations. A: G. triocellaris, paratype (wing slide no. YM-W-10). B: G. plumbofascialis, paratype (wing slide no. YM-W-8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385147/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
) (
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFE1FB8B29618FF70" box="[511,525,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">n</emphasis>
= 4). Almost as in
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA9223DFD14B8B29780FF70" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" box="[756,917,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triocellaris">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFD14B8B29780FF70" box="[756,917,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">G. triocellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but hindwing lacking A
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA9223DFB57B88C90AAFF77" attach="right" box="[1207,1215,169,183]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">3</subScript>
, and M
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA9223DFAFBB88C9136FF77" attach="left" box="[1307,1315,169,183]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">3</subScript>
and CuA
<subScript id="17A934E4FFA9223DFA74B88C9189FF77" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,169,183]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">1</subScript>
occasionally stalked basally (as in
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA9223DFDFBB89F9667FF14" box="[539,626,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,964,988]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,207,924]" captionTargetId="figure-23@5.[151,1435,181,940]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Glaucocharis spp., male wing venations. A: G. triocellaris, paratype (wing slide no. YM-W-10). B: G. plumbofascialis, paratype (wing slide no. YM-W-8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385147/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA9223DFF27B8FB96E6FEA4" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFF27B8FB9556FF38" bold="true" box="[199,323,222,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Abdomen.</emphasis>
Dorsally dark brown. Ventrally brown, with posterior margin of each segment white. Tympanal organs (
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA9223DFF0FB9279556FEDC" box="[239,323,258,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1344,1368]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,350,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-98@6.[151,1435,345,1321]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Glaucocharis spp. abdominal structures. A: G. triocellaris tympanal organ (gen. slide no. YM853). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). C: G. triocellaris male tergite and sternite 8 (gen. slide no. YM853). D: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). b.ty.: bulla tympani, f.ty.: fornix tympani, ra.ty.: ramus tympani, s8: sternite 8, t8: tergite 8, ven.1: venula prima. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385151/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
) as in
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA9223DFE67B9269636FEDC" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" box="[391,547,258,285]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triocellaris">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFE67B9269636FEDC" box="[391,547,258,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">G. triocellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but ramus tympani present as horizontal bar connected to venula prima laterally. Male 8th tergite with Y-shaped sclerotization medially (
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA9223DFCECB9039772FE80" box="[780,871,294,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1344,1368]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,350,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-98@6.[151,1435,345,1321]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Glaucocharis spp. abdominal structures. A: G. triocellaris tympanal organ (gen. slide no. YM853). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). C: G. triocellaris male tergite and sternite 8 (gen. slide no. YM853). D: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). b.ty.: bulla tympani, f.ty.: fornix tympani, ra.ty.: ramus tympani, s8: sternite 8, t8: tergite 8, ven.1: venula prima. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385151/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Male 8th sternite with long square sclerotization medially, posterior margin slightly concave (
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA9223DFD6CB96F96F2FEA4" box="[652,743,330,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1344,1368]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,350,1316]" captionTargetId="figure-98@6.[151,1435,345,1321]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Glaucocharis spp. abdominal structures. A: G. triocellaris tympanal organ (gen. slide no. YM853). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). C: G. triocellaris male tergite and sternite 8 (gen. slide no. YM853). D: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). b.ty.: bulla tympani, f.ty.: fornix tympani, ra.ty.: ramus tympani, s8: sternite 8, t8: tergite 8, ven.1: venula prima. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385151/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA9223DFF27B94B9589FDA0" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFF27B94B9564FE48" bold="true" box="[199,369,366,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA9223DFE60B94B9625FE49" box="[384,560,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1860,1884]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,477,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-145@7.[164,1426,450,1837]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Glaucocharis spp. male genitalia.A: G. triocellaris whole genitalia (gen. slide no. YM853). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). C: G. triocellaris uncus, tegumen, and gnathos lateral view (gen. slide no. YM857). D: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM738). E: G. triocellaris juxta (gen. slide no. YM857). F: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM837). at: apical thorn, ca: costal arm, cl: cucullus, gn: gnathos, jx: juxta, ph: phallus, pl: petaloid lobes, sa: saccus, sc: socius, sl: sacculus, tg: tegumen, un: uncus, va: ventral arms of juxta. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C–F = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385153" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385153/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Fig. 5B, 5D, 5F</figureCitation>
) (
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFDA8B94A9643FE48" box="[584,598,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">n</emphasis>
= 9). Uncus long, curved ventrally, apex pointed. Gnathos subtriangular, at right angle from tegumen, dorsal side denticulate apically. Tegumen long, dorso- and ventrolateral margins forming sclerotized ridges; socii finger-shaped with two petaloid lobes apically. Valva slender; cucullus with a strongly sclerotized thorn apically; costal margin with dense long setae, with a short finger-like costal arm at base; sacculus short, triangular. Juxta heart-shaped, lateral sides extended as a pair of ventral arms. Saccus rounded. Phallus tapering posteriorly; apical thorn sheath-shaped, apex truncated; cornuti absent; ductus ejaculatorius connected at anterior end of phallus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA9223DFF27BA4F9121FCF8" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFF27BA4F959AFD44" bold="true" box="[199,399,618,644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA9223DFE41BA4F963EFD44" box="[417,555,618,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,188,1485]" captionTargetId="figure-31@8.[151,1436,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Glaucocharis spp. female genitalia.A: G. triocellaris whole genitalia (gen. slide no.YM836). B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM838). C: G. triocellaris, around ostium (lamella antevaginalis opened anteriorly, gen. slide no. YM836). D: ditto, lamella antevaginalis normal position (gen. slide no. YM735). E: G. plumbofascialis, ditto (gen. slide no. YM750). cb: corpus bursae, db: ductus bursae, la: lamella antevaginalis, lp: lamella postvaginalis, os: ostium. Scale bars: A, B = 0.5 mm, C–E = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385157/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Fig. 6B, 6E</figureCitation>
) (
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFDA6BA4E9641FD44" box="[582,596,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">n</emphasis>
= 7). Papillae anales, anterior and posterior apophyses as in those of
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA9223DFA61BA4E9506FD68" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triocellaris">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFA61BA4E9506FD68" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">G. triocellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Lamella postvaginalis a long square plate, posterior margin slightly concave medially. Lamella antevaginalis a shorter square plate than lamella postvaginalis, anterior margin folded postero-internally, then strongly constricted and connected to ductus bursae. Ductus bursae membranous, short and thin. Ductus seminalis located at anterior 2/3 of ductus bursae. Corpus bursae ovate, approximately 2–3 times longer than ductus bursae, posterior half lightly sclerotized with smooth surface, anterior half membranous, with weak granules; signa absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337652AFFA9223DFF27BB6797BAF958" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA9223DFF27BB6797BAF958" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFF27BB679561FC9C" bold="true" box="[199,372,834,860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFE99BB679068FC41" collectingDate="2023-09-25" collectingDateMax="2023-11-26" collectingDateMin="2023-09-25" collectorName="Haha-jima Is. &amp; J. Hamaguchi" location="Mt. Funaki-yama" municipality="Ogasawara-mura" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFE99BB6795F8FC9C" bold="true" box="[377,493,834,860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">
<typeStatus id="54968803FFA9223DFE99BB6795FDFC9C" box="[377,488,834,860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFE13BB66961DFC9D" box="[499,520,835,861]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
[JPN: Tokyo-Met.]
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFD07BB6697BEFC9C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFD07BB6697BEFC9C" box="[743,939,834,861]" municipality="Ogasawara-mura" name="Mt. Funaki-yama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Mt. Funaki-yama</location>
,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFC54BB679058FC9D" box="[948,1101,834,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Haha-jima Is.</collectorName>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF6ACDBFFA9223DFBB8BB67910FFC9C" box="[1112,1306,834,860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Ogasawara-mura</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFAC4BB679188FC9D" box="[1316,1437,834,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-09-25">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFAC4BB679188FC9D" box="[1316,1437,834,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-09-25">25.ix.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
(larva),
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFF10BB439572FC40" box="[240,359,870,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-11-26">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFF10BB439572FC40" box="[240,359,870,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-11-26">26.xi.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
em. (host: Bryopsida spp.),
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFD45BB42972AFC40" box="[677,831,870,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">J. Hamaguchi</collectorName>
leg., gen. slide no. YM-854
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFB67BB4396CCFC64" collectingDate="2023-06-11" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Chichijima Is. &amp; Hirowatari" location="Asahiyama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFB67BB4394ABFC64" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">
<typeStatus id="54968803FFA9223DFB67BB439114FC40" box="[1159,1281,870,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
. [
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFAF4BB4394A3FC64" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Chichijima Is.</collectorName>
]
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFF26BBAF94FEFC64" box="[198,235,906,932]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFF18BBAF956CFC64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFF18BBAF956CFC64" box="[248,377,906,932]" name="Asahiyama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Asahiyama</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFE65BBAF95EAFC64" box="[389,511,906,932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-06-11">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFE65BBAF95EAFC64" box="[389,511,906,932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-06-11">11.vi.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFDECBBAE960BFC65" box="[524,542,907,933]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFDCBBBAF96B1FC64" box="[555,676,906,932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Hirowatari</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFD07BBAF90C3FC64" box="[743,1238,906,933]" collectingDate="2022-06-18" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Chichijima Is. &amp; Hirowatari" location="Asahiyama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFD07BBAF971FFC64" box="[743,778,906,932]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, same locality and collector,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFBBBBBAF90C3FC64" box="[1115,1238,906,932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-18">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFBBBBBAF90C3FC64" box="[1115,1238,906,932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-18">18.vi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFB04BBAF96D5FC08" collectingDate="2022-06-26" collectionCode="SW" collectorName="S. Yagi" location="Asahiyamatenbodai" municipality="Sakaiura" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFB04BBAF911CFC64" box="[1252,1289,906,932]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFAF5BBAF94EFFC08" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFAF5BBAF94EFFC08" municipality="Sakaiura" name="Asahiyamatenbodai" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Asahiyamatenbodai</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF6ACDBFFA9223DFEE8BB8B9578FC08" box="[264,365,942,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Sakaiura</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFE9ABB8B95E1FC08" box="[378,500,942,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-26">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFE9ABB8B95E1FC08" box="[378,500,942,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-26">26.vi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFDE2BB8B9639FC08" box="[514,556,942,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">SW</collectionCode>
,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFDD9BB8B9699FC08" box="[569,652,942,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">S. Yagi</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
, gen. slide no. YM-535, YM-789, wing slide no. YM-W-8;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFA92BB8B9131FC2D" collectingDate="2022-06-18" collectorName="Shunsuke" location="Higashidaira" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFA92BB8B9182FC08" box="[1394,1431,942,968]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFF77BBF7953CFC2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFF77BBF7953CFC2C" box="[151,297,978,1004]" name="Higashidaira" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Higashidaira</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFED6BBF795A5FC2C" box="[310,432,978,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-18">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFED6BBF795A5FC2C" box="[310,432,978,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-18">18.vi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFE5DBBF7963FFC2C" box="[445,554,978,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Shunsuke</collectorName>
TOMURA leg., gen. slide no. YM-861, DNA sample id. M23-185
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFAD0BBF7962BFBD0" collectingDate="2022-06-26" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Hirowatari" location="Higashidaira" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFAD0BBF79146FC2C" box="[1328,1363,978,1004]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, same locality,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFF15BBD3957AFBD0" box="[245,367,1014,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-26">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFF15BBD3957AFBD0" box="[245,367,1014,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-26">26.vi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFE99BBD2959EFBD1" box="[377,395,1015,1041]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFE74BBD39618FBD0" box="[404,525,1014,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Hirowatari</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFDA8BBD390B2FBD0" box="[584,1191,1014,1041]" collectingDate="2023-03-11" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Hirowatari" location="Higashi-machi" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFDA8BBD39678FBD0" box="[584,621,1014,1040]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFD97BBD3970AFBD0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFD97BBD3970AFBD0" box="[631,799,1014,1040]" name="Higashi-machi" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Higashi-machi</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFCC8BBD397B6FBD0" box="[808,931,1014,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-03-11">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFCC8BBD397B6FBD0" box="[808,931,1014,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-03-11">11.iii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFC4CBBD297ABFBD1" box="[940,958,1015,1041]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFC27BBD39055FBD0" box="[967,1088,1014,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Hirowatari</collectorName>
et al. leg
</materialsCitation>
.;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFB55BBD39623FBF4" collectingDate="2022-06-19" collectionCode="LT, T" collectorName="Hirowatari" location="Kuwanokiyama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFB55BBD390CCFBD0" box="[1205,1241,1014,1040]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFB04BBD3918DFBD0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFB04BBD3918DFBD0" box="[1252,1432,1014,1040]" name="Kuwanokiyama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Kuwanokiyama</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFF77BC3F9507FBF4" box="[151,274,1050,1076]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-19">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFF77BC3F9507FBF4" box="[151,274,1050,1076]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-19">19.vi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFEFABC3E952EFBF5" box="[282,315,1051,1077]" country="Canada" name="Université de Montréal" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="Herbarium">LT</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFEA1BC3E9546FBF5" box="[321,339,1051,1077]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFEBBBC3F95C1FBF4" box="[347,468,1050,1076]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Hirowatari</collectorName>
et al.leg
</materialsCitation>
.;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFDA3BC3F9020FBF4" box="[579,1077,1050,1077]" collectingDate="2022-06-23" collectionCode="LT, T" collectorName="M. Kimura" location="Kuwanokiyama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFDA3BC3F9672FBF4" box="[579,615,1050,1076]" count="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
,same locality,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFCEABC3F9791FBF4" box="[778,900,1050,1076]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-23">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFCEABC3F9791FBF4" box="[778,900,1050,1076]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-23">23.vi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFC6CBC3E9013FBF4" box="[908,1030,1050,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">M.Kimura</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFBDDBC3F9571FB98" collectingDate="2023-06-13" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Hirowatari" location="Mikazukiyama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFBDDBC3F9077FBF4" box="[1085,1122,1050,1076]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFB8BBC3F9103FBF4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFB8BBC3F9103FBF4" box="[1131,1302,1050,1076]" name="Mikazukiyama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Mikazukiyama</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFAFDBC3F9182FBF4" box="[1309,1431,1050,1076]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-06-13">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFAFDBC3F9182FBF4" box="[1309,1431,1050,1076]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-06-13">13.vi.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFF77BC1A94BCFB99" box="[151,169,1087,1113]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFF56BC1B953AFB98" box="[182,303,1086,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Hirowatari</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
, gen. slide no. YM-792;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFD65BC1B90DEFB98" box="[645,1227,1086,1113]" collectingDate="2023-06-19" collectionCode="SW" collectorName="J. - H. Park" location="Mt. Chuo-san" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFD65BC1B96BDFB98" box="[645,680,1086,1112]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFD58BC1A9742FB98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFD58BC1A9742FB98" box="[696,855,1086,1113]" name="Mt. Chuo-san" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Mt. Chûô-san</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFC84BC1B97CBFB98" box="[868,990,1086,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-06-19">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFC84BC1B97CBFB98" box="[868,990,1086,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-06-19">19.vi.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFC0CBC1B9003FB98" box="[1004,1046,1086,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">SW</collectionCode>
,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFBC3BC1A9083FB98" box="[1059,1174,1086,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">J.-H. Park</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFB39BC1B9794FBBD" collectingDate="2022-06-25" collectionCode="LT" collectorName="Shunsuke" location="Ogamiyama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFB39BC1B90E9FB98" box="[1241,1276,1086,1112]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFAECBC1B918DFB98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFAECBC1B918DFB98" box="[1292,1432,1086,1112]" name="Ogamiyama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Ogamiyama</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFF77BC479507FBBD" box="[151,274,1122,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-25">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFF77BC479507FBBD" box="[151,274,1122,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-25">25.vi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFEFFBC469555FBBD" box="[287,320,1123,1149]" country="Canada" name="Université de Montréal" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="Herbarium">LT</collectionCode>
,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFEADBC4795AFFBBC" box="[333,442,1122,1148]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Shunsuke</collectorName>
TOMURA leg., gen. slide no. YM-537
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFC6EBC479182FBBC" box="[910,1431,1122,1149]" collectingDate="2024-07-11" collectionCode="LT" collectorName="Y. Matsui" location="Ogamiyama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFC6EBC4797A6FBBC" box="[910,947,1122,1148]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, same locality,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFB86BC4790FDFBBC" box="[1126,1256,1122,1148]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2024-07-11">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFB86BC4790FDFBBC" box="[1126,1256,1122,1148]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2024-07-11">11.vii.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFB14BC469177FBBC" box="[1268,1378,1122,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Y. Matsui</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFF77BCA39088FB60" box="[151,1181,1158,1185]" collectingDate="2023-06-11" collectorName="Yuki" location="Mt. Akahata-yama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFF77BCA394A9FB60" box="[151,188,1158,1184]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFF2BBCA295B4FB60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFF2BBCA295B4FB60" box="[203,417,1158,1185]" name="Mt. Akahata-yama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Mt. Akahata-yama</location>
;
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFE4FBCA3963DFB60" box="[431,552,1158,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-06-11">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFE4FBCA3963DFB60" box="[431,552,1158,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-06-11">11.vi.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="526C4EB6FFA9223DFDD6BCA396B5FB61" box="[566,672,1158,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">light trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFD4DBCA396F7FB60" box="[685,738,1158,1184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Yuki</collectorName>
MATSUI leg., gen. slide no. YM-738
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFB4BBCA390DAFB04" collectingDate="2022-06-18" collectionCode="LT" collectorName="Shunsuke" location="Shigureyama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFB4BBCA390C7FB60" box="[1195,1234,1158,1184]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFB33BCA390E7FB60" box="[1235,1266,1158,1184]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFAE1BCA3918DFB60" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFAE1BCA3918DFB60" box="[1281,1432,1158,1184]" name="Shigureyama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Shigureyama</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFF77BC8F9504FB04" box="[151,273,1194,1220]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-18">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFF77BC8F9504FB04" box="[151,273,1194,1220]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-18">18.vi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFEC1BC8E9557FB05" box="[289,322,1195,1221]" country="Canada" name="Université de Montréal" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="Herbarium">LT</collectionCode>
,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFEB0BC8F95A8FB04" box="[336,445,1194,1220]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Shunsuke</collectorName>
TOMURA leg., gen. slide no. YM-862, DNA sample id. M23-186
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFB3FBC8F95FDFB28" collectingDate="2023-03-12" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Hirowatari" location="Yoakeyama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFB3FBC8F9117FB04" box="[1247,1282,1194,1220]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFAF2BC8F918DFB04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFAF2BC8F918DFB04" box="[1298,1432,1194,1220]" name="Yoakeyama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Yoakeyama</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFF77BCEB9506FB28" box="[151,275,1230,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-03-12">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFF77BCEB9506FB28" box="[151,275,1230,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-03-12">12.iii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFEFEBCEA9538FB29" box="[286,301,1231,1257]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFEDCBCEB95A0FB28" box="[316,437,1230,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Hirowatari</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
, gen. slide no. YM-736.
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFD1EBCEB9782FB28" bold="true" box="[766,919,1230,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">[Anijima Is.]</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFC7EBCEB955CFAF0" collectingDate="2022-06-20" collectorName="Ototojima Is." location="Takinoura" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFC7EBCEB97D4FB28" box="[926,961,1230,1256]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFC2FBCEB9056FB28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFC2FBCEB9056FB28" box="[975,1091,1230,1256]" name="Takinoura" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Takinoura</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFBAFBCEB90DCFB28" box="[1103,1225,1230,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-20">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFBAFBCEB90DCFB28" box="[1103,1225,1230,1256]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-20">20.vi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, beating: dead leaf
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA9223DFF77BCD69708FACC" authority=", Shunsuke TOMURA" authorityName="Shunsuke TOMURA" box="[151,797,1266,1293]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Livistona" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="chinensis" variety="boninensis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFF77BCD69565FACC" box="[151,368,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Livistona chinensis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFE4ABCD79637FACC" box="[426,546,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">boninensis</emphasis>
, Shunsuke TOMURA
</taxonomicName>
leg., gen. slide no. YM-750, DNA sample id. M23-162.
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFF77BD33955CFAF0" bold="true" box="[151,329,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">
[
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFF7EBD339554FAF0" box="[158,321,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Otôtojima Is.</collectorName>
]
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFEAFBD3396FCFAF0" box="[335,745,1302,1329]" collectingDate="2024-07-12" collectingDateMax="2024-07-13" collectingDateMin="2024-07-12" collectionCode="SW" collectorName="S. Yagi" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-male="5" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFEAFBD339561FAF1" box="[335,372,1302,1329]" count="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFE60BD33963DFAF0" box="[384,552,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2024-07-12" valueMax="2024-07-13" valueMin="2024-07-12">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFE60BD33963DFAF0" box="[384,552,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2024-07-12" valueMax="2024-07-13" valueMin="2024-07-12">12-13.vii.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFDD3BD339648FAF0" box="[563,605,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">SW</collectionCode>
,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFD88BD3396ACFAF0" box="[616,697,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">S. Yagi</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFD10BD3397A1FAF0" box="[752,948,1302,1328]" location="Mukohjima Is." pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFD10BD3397A1FAF0" bold="true" box="[752,948,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">
[
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFD16BD3397B9FAF0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFD16BD3397B9FAF0" box="[758,940,1302,1328]" name="Mukohjima Is." pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Mukohjima Is.</location>
]
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFC5ABD3397CAFAF0" box="[954,991,1302,1328]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFC0BBD339078FAF0" box="[1003,1133,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2024-07-16">16.vii.2024</date>
, Y. Matsui leg.
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFAFBBD3394ABFA94" location="Hahajima Is." pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFAFBBD3394ABFA94" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">
[
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFAC2BD3394A3FA94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFAC2BD3394A3FA94" name="Hahajima Is." pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Hahajima Is.</location>
]
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFF28BD1F97CBFA94" box="[200,990,1338,1365]" collectingDate="2022-06-24" collectingDateMax="2023-11-26" collectingDateMin="2023-09-25" collectorName="Shunsuke" location="Mt. Funaki-yama" municipality="Ogasawara-mura" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFF28BD1F94F9FA94" box="[200,236,1338,1364]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, same locality as holotype,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFDD4BD1F96BBFA94" box="[564,686,1338,1364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-24">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFDD4BD1F96BBFA94" box="[564,686,1338,1364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-06-24">24.vi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFD5DBD1F973FFA94" box="[701,810,1338,1364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Shunsuke</collectorName>
TOMURA leg
</materialsCitation>
.;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFC11BD1F97D6FAB8" collectingDate="2023-03-17" collectingDateMax="2023-11-26" collectingDateMin="2023-09-25" collectionCode="LT, T" collectorName="Hirowatari" location="Mt. Funaki-yama" municipality="Ogasawara-mura" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFC11BD1F9001FA94" box="[1009,1044,1338,1364]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, same locality,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFB2DBD1F915CFA94" box="[1229,1353,1338,1364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-03-17">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFB2DBD1F915CFA94" box="[1229,1353,1338,1364]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-03-17">17.iii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFAB8BD1E916CFA95" box="[1368,1401,1339,1365]" country="Canada" name="Université de Montréal" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="Herbarium">LT</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFA66BD1E918DFA95" box="[1414,1432,1339,1365]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFF77BD7B9505FAB8" box="[151,272,1374,1400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Hirowatari</collectorName>
et al. leg., gen. slide no. YM-859, DNA sample id. M23-183
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFC2FBD7B94D6FA5C" collectingDate="2024-07-14" collectingDateMax="2023-11-26" collectingDateMin="2023-09-25" collectionCode="LT, T" collectorName="Y. Matsui" location="Mt. Funaki-yama" municipality="Ogasawara-mura" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFC2FBD7B97E0FAB8" box="[975,1013,1374,1400]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
, same locality,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFB42BD7B9130FAB8" box="[1186,1317,1374,1400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2024-07-14">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFB42BD7B9130FAB8" box="[1186,1317,1374,1400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2024-07-14">14.vii.2024</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFACFBD7A9189FAB8" box="[1327,1436,1374,1401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Y. Matsui</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFF30BDA7909DFA5C" box="[208,1160,1410,1437]" collectingDate="2023-06-15" collectionCode="LT, T" collectorName="Hirowatari" location="Choukiyama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFF30BDA794EFFA5C" box="[208,250,1410,1436]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFF1ABDA79502FA5C" box="[250,279,1410,1436]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFEC4BDA795A3FA5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFEC4BDA795A3FA5C" box="[292,438,1410,1436]" name="Choukiyama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Choukiyama</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFE21BDA7962EFA5D" box="[449,571,1410,1437]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-06-15">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFE21BDA7962EFA5D" box="[449,571,1410,1437]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-06-15">15.vi.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFDA8BDA6967CFA5D" box="[584,617,1411,1437]" country="Canada" name="Université de Montréal" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="Herbarium">LT</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFD93BDA69690FA5D" box="[627,645,1411,1437]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFD70BDA7971CFA5C" box="[656,777,1410,1436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Hirowatari</collectorName>
et al. leg., gen. slide no. YM-837
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFB73BDA797FAFA00" collectingDate="2023-06-16" collectingDateMax="2023-07-11" collectingDateMin="2023-06-16" collectorName="Bryopsida &amp; J. Hamaguchi" location="Mt. Chibusa-yama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFB73BDA790A2FA5C" box="[1171,1207,1410,1436]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFB24BDA6918CFA5C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFB24BDA6918CFA5C" box="[1220,1433,1410,1437]" name="Mt. Chibusa-yama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Mt. Chibusa-yama</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFF77BD83951AFA00" box="[151,271,1446,1472]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-06-16">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFF77BD83951AFA00" box="[151,271,1446,1472]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-06-16">16.vi.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
(larva),
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFE8DBD8395FEFA00" box="[365,491,1446,1472]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-07-11">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFE8DBD8395FEFA00" box="[365,491,1446,1472]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-07-11">11.vii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
em. (host:
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFD86BD8396CCFA00" box="[614,729,1446,1472]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Bryopsida</collectorName>
spp.),
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFCC4BD8297A8FA00" box="[804,957,1446,1473]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">J. Hamaguchi</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFC1ABD8395B0FA24" collectingDate="2023-06-16" collectingDateMax="2023-07-11" collectingDateMin="2023-06-16" collectionCode="LT, YAGI" collectorName="Sadahisa" location="Mt. Chibusa-yama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFC1ABD83901AFA00" box="[1018,1039,1446,1472]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
1, same locality and collecting date,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFF77BDEE94ADFA25" box="[151,184,1483,1509]" country="Canada" name="Université de Montréal" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="Herbarium">LT</collectionCode>
,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFF25BDEF953CFA24" box="[197,297,1482,1508]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Sadahisa</collectorName>
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFED1BDEF9561FA24" box="[305,372,1482,1508]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">YAGI</collectionCode>
leg
</materialsCitation>
.;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFE57BDEF908DFA24" box="[439,1176,1482,1509]" collectingDate="2022-11-08" collectionCode="LT, T" collectorName="Hirowatari" location="Mt. Kuwanoki-yama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFE57BDEF95CFFA24" box="[439,474,1482,1508]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFE0ABDEE96CCFA24" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFE0ABDEE96CCFA24" box="[490,729,1482,1509]" name="Mt. Kuwanoki-yama" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Mt. Kuwanoki-yama</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFD05BDEF9744FA24" box="[741,849,1482,1508]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-11-08">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFD05BDEF9744FA24" box="[741,849,1482,1508]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2022-11-08">8.xi.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFCBFBDEE9795FA25" box="[863,896,1483,1509]" country="Canada" name="Université de Montréal" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="Herbarium">LT</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFC6DBDEE978AFA25" box="[909,927,1483,1509]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFC4CBDEF9030FA24" box="[940,1061,1482,1508]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Hirowatari</collectorName>
et al. leg
</materialsCitation>
.;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFB4ABDEF9632F9C8" collectingDate="2023-03-16" collectorName="Toshiya Hirowatari" location="Mt. Sakaigatake" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFB4ABDEF90D8FA24" box="[1194,1229,1482,1508]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFB3DBDEE918DFA24" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFB3DBDEE918DFA24" box="[1245,1432,1482,1509]" name="Mt. Sakaigatake" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Mt. Sakaigatake</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFF77BDCB9506F9C8" box="[151,275,1518,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-03-16">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFF77BDCB9506F9C8" box="[151,275,1518,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-03-16">16.iii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFEFDBDCB95E1F9C8" box="[285,500,1518,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Toshiya Hirowatari</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFDD2BDCB956EF9EC" collectingDate="2023-06-17" collectionCode="LT" collectorName="Park" location="Mt. Sakaigatake" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFDD2BDCB9643F9C8" box="[562,598,1518,1544]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFDB6BDCB966CF9C8" box="[598,633,1518,1544]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, same locality,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFCC3BDCB9788F9C8" box="[803,925,1518,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-06-17">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFCC3BDCB9788F9C8" box="[803,925,1518,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-06-17">17.vi.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFC48BDCA97DCF9C9" box="[936,969,1519,1545]" country="Canada" name="Université de Montréal" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="Herbarium">LT</collectionCode>
, J.-H.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFBEFBDCB9057F9C8" box="[1039,1090,1518,1544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Park</collectorName>
&amp; I. KAWASHIMA leg., DNA sample id. M23-024
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFE66BE37918DF9EC" box="[390,1432,1554,1581]" collectingDate="2023-09-24" collectingDateMax="2023-11-08" collectingDateMin="2023-09-24" collectionCode="LT" collectorName="Bryopsida &amp; J. Hamaguchi" location="Mt. Sakaigatake" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFE66BE3795BFF9EC" box="[390,426,1554,1580]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, same locality,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFDB5BE3796D9F9EC" box="[597,716,1554,1580]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-09-24">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFDB5BE3796D9F9EC" box="[597,716,1554,1580]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-09-24">24.ix.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
(larva),
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFCCABE379781F9EC" box="[810,916,1554,1580]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-11-08">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFCCABE379781F9EC" box="[810,916,1554,1580]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-11-08">8.xi.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
em. (host:
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFBEFBE379097F9EC" box="[1039,1154,1554,1580]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Bryopsida</collectorName>
spp.),
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFB2DBE369173F9EC" box="[1229,1382,1554,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">J. Hamaguchi</collectorName>
leg.
</materialsCitation>
, gen. slide no. YM-838;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFE47BE139013F990" box="[423,1030,1590,1617]" collectingDate="2023-03-15" collectionCode="LT, T" collectorName="Hirowatari" location="Nishiura" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFE47BE1395DFF990" box="[423,458,1590,1616]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFE39BE139629F990" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFE39BE139629F990" box="[473,572,1590,1616]" name="Nishiura" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Nishiura</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFDA9BE1396D0F991" box="[585,709,1590,1617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-03-15">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFDA9BE1396D0F991" box="[585,709,1590,1617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-03-15">15.iii.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFD32BE1296E6F991" box="[722,755,1591,1617]" country="Canada" name="Université de Montréal" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="Herbarium">LT</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3CAE64FFA9223DFD1EBE129705F991" box="[766,784,1591,1617]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFCFCBE139780F990" box="[796,917,1590,1616]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Hirowatari</collectorName>
et al. leg
</materialsCitation>
.;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFBF7BE1397AAF9B4" collectingDate="2023-09-24" location="Higashiko" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFBF7BE139028F990" box="[1047,1085,1590,1616]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFBAABE1390D5F990" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFBAABE1390D5F990" box="[1098,1216,1590,1616]" name="Higashiko" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Higashikô</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFB2CBE139153F990" box="[1228,1350,1590,1616]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-09-24">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFB2CBE139153F990" box="[1228,1350,1590,1616]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-09-24">24.ix.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, flower of
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA9223DFF55BE7F9603F9B4" authority=", Masaaki Kimura" authorityName="Masaaki Kimura" box="[181,534,1626,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosa">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFF55BE7F9559F9B4" box="[181,332,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Bidens pilosa</emphasis>
, Masaaki Kimura
</taxonomicName>
leg., gen. slide no. YM-791, YM-790
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B453CFCFFA9223DFC2ABE7F97B9F958" collectingDate="2023-09-21" collectorName="Yuki" location="Shinyuhigaoka" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2BFD28FFA9223DFC2ABE7F97FBF9B4" box="[970,1006,1626,1652]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="8EF2607AFFA9223DFC1BBE7F90B3F9B4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038487B7FFA6223DFF77BE339511F854:8EF2607AFFA9223DFC1BBE7F90B3F9B4" box="[1019,1190,1626,1652]" name="Shinyuhigaoka" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Shinyûhigaoka</location>
,
<date id="FF931061FFA9223DFB50BE7F913DF9B4" box="[1200,1320,1626,1652]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-09-21">
<collectingDate id="EFD7E989FFA9223DFB50BE7F913DF9B4" box="[1200,1320,1626,1652]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" value="2023-09-21">21.ix.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
<collectingMethod id="526C4EB6FFA9223DFACFBE7F918DF9B5" box="[1327,1432,1626,1653]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">light trap</collectingMethod>
;
<collectorName id="26D85377FFA9223DFF77BE5B94D9F958" box="[151,204,1662,1688]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Yuki</collectorName>
MATSUI leg., gen. slide no. YM-860, DNA sample id. M23-184
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337652AFFA9223DFF27BE8790D4F8C4" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA9223DFF27BE8790D4F8C4" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFF27BE879534F97C" bold="true" box="[199,289,1698,1724]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Biology</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13162A24FFA9223DFED3BE8795B8F97C" box="[307,429,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1586,1610]" captionTargetBox="[162,1424,193,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-31@10.[151,1435,181,1562]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Biology of Glaucocharis spp. A: G. triocellaris resting posture. B: G. plumbofascialis, ditto. C: ditto, resting posture on the leaf. D: Bryopsida spp. collected on Mt. Funakiyama, Hahajima Island, where the adults of G. triocellaris and G. plumbofascialis emerged (the arrow indicates the frass of them). E: a cocoon of G. triocellaris or G. plumbofascialis. E: ditto, opened view with pupal exuviae (arrow)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385160/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Fig. 7B–F</figureCitation>
). Similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA9223DFDDEBE8696CAF97C" authorityName="Matsui, Yagi &amp; Hirowatari" authorityYear="2024" box="[574,735,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Glaucocharis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triocellaris">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFDDEBE8696CAF97C" box="[574,735,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">G. triocellaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We observed that some adults visited the flowers of
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA9223DFAB0BE8796BBF920" authority="(Sch. Bip.) J. A. Schmidtthe" authorityName="J. A. Schmidtthe" baseAuthorityName="Sch. Bip." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Bidens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pilosa" variety="radiata">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFAB0BE8794CEF920" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Bidens pilosa</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFEF7BEE3957CF920" box="[279,361,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">radiata</emphasis>
(Sch. Bip.) J.A. Schmidtthe
</taxonomicName>
during daytime. We also observed many adults swarming around
<taxonomicName id="4C2D4D22FFA9223DFF77BECE95CBF8C4" authority="Koidz." authorityName="Koidz." box="[151,478,1770,1796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Celastraceae" genus="Euonymus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Celastrales" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="boninensis">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFF77BECE959EF8C4" box="[151,395,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Euonymus boninensis</emphasis>
Koidz.
</taxonomicName>
at twilight: all individuals were males as far as we could confirm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337652AFFA9223DFF27BF2B94E2F88C" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA9223DFF27BF2B94E2F88C" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFF27BF2B9574F8E8" bold="true" box="[199,353,1806,1832]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F33A7631FFA9223DFE93BF2A95A2F8E9" box="[371,439,1807,1833]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Japan</collectingCountry>
: Ogasawara Islands (Chichijima, Anijima, Otôtojima, Mukohjima, and Hahajima Islands).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C337652AFFA9223DFF27BF739511F854" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B9236A1FFA9223DFF27BF739511F854" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">
<emphasis id="B959EAB3FFA9223DFF27BF73955BF8B0" bold="true" box="[199,334,1878,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="92">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name of the new species is derived from the plumbeous (dull-gray colored) fasciae of the forewing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

336
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@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
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<mods:title id="71DCE11E807D10104391617F209889F6">Free-living marine nematodes of the genus Richtersia Steiner, 1916 (Desmodorida: Richtersiidae) from the Sea of Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9847BDB70F4ABB98B7542EC150747755">Revkova, Tatiana N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B6E5EF6615646173A4598C4255FECB46">A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, 2, Nakhimov ave., 299011, Sevastopol, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="668C14383AB94311906BC78D47A3A5C5">Sergeeva, Nelli G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2912906C1B1A8AE2F552EAD440F4EDB9">A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, 2, Nakhimov ave., 299011, Sevastopol, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03868796FF92FFF8FF1EE056EFDCFB87" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03868796FF92FFF8FF1EE056EFDCFB87" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03868796FF92FFF8FF1EE056EFDCFB87" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">
<subSubSection id="C335650BFF92FFF7FF1EE056ECB6FBAA" box="[151,484,1057,1084]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B903680FF92FFF7FF1EE056ECB6FBAA" blockId="6.[151,484,1057,1121]" box="[151,484,1057,1084]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">
<heading id="D0D881ECFF92FFF7FF1EE056ECB6FBAA" bold="true" box="[151,484,1057,1084]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF92FFF7FF1EE056ECB6FBAA" bold="true" box="[151,484,1057,1084]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF92FFF7FF1EE056EC2DFBAA" authorityName="Revkova &amp; Sergeeva" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,383,1057,1084]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amurica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF92FFF7FF1EE056EC2DFBAA" bold="true" box="[151,383,1057,1084]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">Richtersia amurica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857E9FF92FFF7FE0EE055ECB6FBAA" box="[391,484,1058,1084]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C335650BFF92FFF7FF1EE031ECDDFBF6" box="[151,399,1094,1121]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B903680FF92FFF7FF1EE031ECDDFBF6" blockId="6.[151,484,1057,1121]" box="[151,399,1094,1121]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">
(
<figureCitation id="13142A05FF92FFF7FF16E031EC7AFBF7" box="[159,296,1094,1121]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox-0="[223,1364,187,1911]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,181,1803]" captionTargetId-0="figure-23@7.[217,1370,181,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-21@8.[151,1435,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Richtersia amurica sp. nov. A: holotype male, entire body; B: holotype male, amphidial fovea; C: paratype female, amphidial fovea; D: holotype male, spicules; E: paratype female, entire body; F: holotype male, head; G: paratype female, head. Scale bar: A, E = 100 μm; B–D, F, G = 20 μm." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Richtersia amurica sp. nov. A: holotype male, entire body; B: holotype male, head region; C: paratype female, head region; D: holotype male, tail region; E: holotype male, amphidial fovea; F: paratype female, amphidial fovea; G: paratype female, tail region (Meib.25.N.p.); H: paratype female, vulva; I: paratype female, entire body; J: paratype female, cuticule on vulval region. Scale bar: A, I = 100 μm; B–H, J = 20 μm." pageId="6" pageNumber="129">Figures 4–5</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6AD033BFF92FFF7FEBAE031ECD6FBF6" box="[307,388,1094,1120]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics of R. japonica sp. nov. and R. amurica sp. nov. from the Sea of Japan (in µm except for de Man’s ratios)." pageId="6" pageNumber="129">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C335650BFF92FFF7FF1EE0F9EE51FAAE" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B903680FF92FFF7FF1EE0F9E84FFB66" blockId="6.[151,1437,1166,1984]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF92FFF7FF1EE0F9EC1AFB3E" bold="true" box="[151,328,1166,1192]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">Type material.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D29FD09FF92FFF7FEDBE0F9EC90FB3E" box="[338,450,1166,1192]" count="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" type="male">Six males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D29FD09FF92FFF7FE76E0F9EFD6FB3E" box="[511,644,1166,1192]" count="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" type="female">six females</specimenCount>
.
<typeStatus id="54948822FF92FFF7FD18E0F9EFABFB3E" box="[657,761,1166,1192]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male mounted on slide Meib.53.N.h.,
<specimenCount id="9D29FD09FF92FFF7FB32E0F9E8CEFB3E" box="[1211,1436,1166,1192]" count="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" type="male" typeStatus="paratype">five paratype males</specimenCount>
mounted on slides: Meib.19.N.p. (
<specimenCount id="9D29FD09FF92FFF7FD97E0C5EF29FB5A" box="[542,635,1202,1228]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
), Meib.55.N.p., Meib.57.N.p., Meib.58.N.p. and
<specimenCount id="9D29FD09FF92FFF7FB23E0C5E8CBFB5A" box="[1194,1433,1202,1228]" count="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" type="female" typeStatus="paratype">six paratype females</specimenCount>
: Meib.22.N.p., Meib.23.N.p., Meib.25.N.p., Meib.51.N.p., Meib.52.N.p., Meib.54.N.p. in pure glycerin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903680FF92FFF7FF4EE08DEE51FAAE" blockId="6.[151,1437,1166,1984]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">
<materialsCitation id="3B473CDDFF92FFF7FF4EE08DEFACFAAE" collectingDate="2021-06-20" country="Japan" elevation="6" latitude="42.874516" location="Amur Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="131.65337" municipality="Sea" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF92FFF7FF4EE08DECA4FA82" bold="true" box="[199,502,1274,1300]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">
<typeStatus id="54948822FF92FFF7FF4EE08DEC50FA82" box="[199,258,1274,1300]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">Type</typeStatus>
locality and habitat.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EF0605BFF92FFF7FE75E08DEF20FA82" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03868796FF92FFF8FF1EE056EFDCFB87:8EF0605BFF92FFF7FE75E08DEF20FA82" box="[508,626,1274,1300]" country="Japan" latitude="42.874516" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="131.65337" municipality="Sea" name="Amur Bay" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">Amur Bay</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF4ACFAFF92FFF7FDF5E08DEFF6FA82" box="[636,676,1274,1300]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">Sea</collectingMunicipality>
of
<collectingCountry id="F3387610FF92FFF7FD40E08DEE5EFA82" box="[713,780,1274,1300]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FF911040FF92FFF7FC9FE08DEEFFFA82" box="[790,941,1274,1300]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" value="2021-06-20">
<collectingDate id="EFD5E9A8FF92FFF7FC9FE08DEEFFFA82" box="[790,941,1274,1300]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" value="2021-06-20">20 June 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, station 11, water depth
<quantity id="4CD79B65FF92FFF7FB33E08DE9B4FA82" box="[1210,1254,1274,1300]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="6.0">
<elevation id="0002D1B3FF92FFF7FB33E08DE9B4FA82" box="[1210,1254,1274,1300]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, dense silt, finegrained sand, coordinates:
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B5047FF92FFF7FE4AE169EF07FAAF" box="[451,597,1310,1337]" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="52.471" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" precision="1" value="42.874516">N 42°52.471</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B5047FF92FFF7FDE8E169EFACFAAE" box="[609,766,1310,1336]" degrees="131" direction="east" minutes="39.202" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" precision="1" value="131.65337">E 131°39.202</geoCoordinate>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C335650BFF92FFF8FF4EE135EFDDFE8B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="132" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B903680FF92FFF7FF4EE135E858FACA" blockId="6.[151,1437,1166,1984]" box="[199,1290,1346,1372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF92FFF7FF4EE135EC1CFACA" bold="true" box="[199,334,1346,1372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">Etymology.</emphasis>
The new species epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF92FFF7FDE1E135EF83FACA" authorityName="Revkova &amp; Sergeeva" authorityYear="2024" box="[616,721,1346,1372]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="6" pageNumber="129" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amurica">
“
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF92FFF7FDFDE134EF83FACA" box="[628,721,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">amurica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” refers to the locality of collection, the
<collectingRegion id="49EBF862FF92FFF7FB06E135E982FACA" box="[1167,1232,1346,1372]" country="Russia" name="Amur" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">Amur</collectingRegion>
Bay.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903680FF92FFF7FF4EE111EC36FA16" blockId="6.[151,1437,1166,1984]" box="[199,356,1382,1408]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF92FFF7FF4EE111EC36FA16" bold="true" box="[199,356,1382,1408]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">Descriptions.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903680FF92FFF7FF4EE1FDECE7F89A" blockId="6.[151,1437,1166,1984]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF92FFF7FF4EE1FDEC44FA32" bold="true" box="[199,278,1418,1444]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">Males.</emphasis>
Body plump, short, truncated anteriorly and tapering posteriorly. Cuticle annulated about 1 μm in width. Each annule carrying backward-pointing spines about 36–38 rows in the anterior part, 22–24 rows in the mid-body region and 13–15 rows in the cloacal region. Posterior half of the tail lacking spines but with irregular annules; the tail tip is smooth. On the ventral side, longitudinal rows of robust spines located approximately 19–24 µm from the cloaca. Somatic setae 5–6 μm long in eight rows. The six internal labial setae 9–11 μm long, situated on a hyaline labial membrane; the six external labial setae 8–9 μm long and four cephalic setae 4–5 μm long, at almost the same level. Subcephalic setae 5–6 μm long, one at each side of amphidial fovea. Amphidial fovea large with 3.5 turns, surrounded by spines, 46.9–59.7% of
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF92FFF7FD34E2F1EFB7F936" box="[701,741,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">chd</emphasis>
. Stoma large, unarmed and partly surrounded by pharyngeal tissue. Pharynx cylindrical lacking a posterior bulb. Cardia triangular, surrounded by the intestine. The intestinal cells containing dark brown granules, more abundant in the anterior part of the intestine. Nerve ring and secretory-excretory system unclear.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903680FF92FFF7FF4EE361EDA2F856" blockId="6.[151,1437,1166,1984]" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">
Reproductive system monorchic, with outstretched testis, lying partially ventral to the intestine. Two spicules unequal in shape and size: the right spicule very fine 2.8 (3.4–4.6 times cloacal body diameter) and the left spicule wide 1.0 (0.9–2.0 times cloacal body diameter) with a capitulum; right spicule 2.0–2.7 times longer than the left spicule. Gubernaculum surrounding distal ends of spicules. Tail short, 1.1 (1.1–1.7)
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF92FFF7FBC3E3F5E920F80A" box="[1098,1138,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="129">cbd</emphasis>
long. Three caudal glands present.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF506608FF93FFF6FF1EE3E0EF22F86E" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" startId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[223,1364,187,1911]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B903680FF93FFF6FF1EE3E0EF22F86E" blockId="7.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF93FFF6FF1EE3E0EC40F839" bold="true" box="[151,274,1943,1967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF93FFF6FE91E3EFEC88F839" authorityName="Revkova &amp; Sergeeva" authorityYear="2024" box="[280,474,1944,1968]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amurica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF93FFF6FE91E3EFEC88F839" box="[280,474,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">Richtersia amurica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF93FFF6FE69E3EFEF62F826" bold="true" box="[480,560,1944,1968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="130">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857E9FF93FFF6FE69E3EFEF62F826" box="[480,560,1944,1968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="130" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A: holotype male, entire body; B: holotype male, amphidial fovea; C: paratype female, amphidial fovea; D: holotype male, spicules; E: paratype female, entire body; F: holotype male, head; G: paratype female, head. Scale bar: A, E = 100 μm; B–D, F, G = 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF506608FF9CFFF9FF1EE354EF88F831" pageId="8" pageNumber="131" startId="8.[151,250,1827,1851]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1803]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B903680FF9CFFF9FF1EE354EF88F831" blockId="8.[151,1437,1827,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9CFFF9FF1EE354EC47F8AD" bold="true" box="[151,277,1827,1851]" pageId="8" pageNumber="131">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9CFFF9FE94E354ECB3F8AC" authorityName="Revkova &amp; Sergeeva" authorityYear="2024" box="[285,481,1827,1851]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="131" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amurica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9CFFF9FE94E354ECB3F8AC" box="[285,481,1827,1851]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="131">Richtersia amurica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9CFFF9FE63E354EF6EF8AD" bold="true" box="[490,572,1827,1851]" pageId="8" pageNumber="131">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857E9FF9CFFF9FE63E354EF6EF8AD" box="[490,572,1827,1851]" pageId="8" pageNumber="131" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A: holotype male, entire body; B: holotype male, head region; C: paratype female, head region; D: holotype male, tail region; E: holotype male, amphidial fovea; F: paratype female, amphidial fovea; G: paratype female, tail region (Meib.25.N.p.); H: paratype female, vulva; I: paratype female, entire body; J: paratype female, cuticule on vulval region. Scale bar: A, I = 100 μm; B–H, J = 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B903680FF9DFFF8FF4EE4E0EFDDFE8B" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FF4EE4E0EC77FF27" bold="true" box="[199,293,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">Female.</emphasis>
General morphology similar to that of male. Amphidial fovea smaller, 23.5–29.4 % of chd, with one turn. Cardia invisible. The intestine is abundantly filled with dark brown granules in the anterior part. Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic. Ovaries reflexed. The tail is covered with long hairy spines (
<figureCitation id="13142A05FF9DFFF8FB2EE4A8E84CFF6F" box="[1191,1310,222,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1827,1851]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1803]" captionTargetId="figure-21@8.[151,1435,181,1803]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Richtersia amurica sp. nov. A: holotype male, entire body; B: holotype male, head region; C: paratype female, head region; D: holotype male, tail region; E: holotype male, amphidial fovea; F: paratype female, amphidial fovea; G: paratype female, tail region (Meib.25.N.p.); H: paratype female, vulva; I: paratype female, entire body; J: paratype female, cuticule on vulval region. Scale bar: A, I = 100 μm; B–H, J = 20 μm." pageId="9" pageNumber="132">Figure 5G</figureCitation>
), longer on the dorsal side than those on the ventral side.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C335650BFF9DFFF8FF4EE551EFDCFB87" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B903680FF9DFFF8FF4EE551E86DFE1F" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FF4EE551EC10FED6" bold="true" box="[199,322,294,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FEC0E550EF73FED6" authorityName="Revkova &amp; Sergeeva" authorityYear="2024" box="[329,545,295,321]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amurica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FEC0E550EF73FED6" box="[329,545,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">Richtersia amurica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FDA0E550EFD6FED7" bold="true" box="[553,644,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857E9FF9DFFF8FDA0E550EFD6FED7" box="[553,644,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is characterised by the number of longitudinal spines rows, located at the level of amphidial fovea; amphidial fovea with 3.5 turns in males and one turn in females; spicules unequal, gubernaculum with anterior apophyses in males; tail conical and short; females tail with long hairy spines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903680FF9DFFF8FF4EE5E5EFDCFB87" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FF4EE5E5EC9CFE3A" bold="true" box="[199,462,402,428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FE5DE5E4EFF9FE3A" authorityName="Revkova &amp; Sergeeva" authorityYear="2024" box="[468,683,403,429]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amurica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FE5DE5E4EFF9FE3A" box="[468,683,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">Richtersia amurica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FD3AE5E4EE5EFE3B" bold="true" box="[691,780,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857E9FF9DFFF8FD3AE5E4EE5EFE3B" box="[691,780,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is similar to
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FC17E5E4E998FE3A" box="[926,1226,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FC17E5E4E966FE3B" authorityName="Riemann" authorityYear="1966" box="[926,1076,403,429]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">R. inaequalis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FBC9E5E4E998FE3A" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[1088,1226,403,428]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="coomansi">R. coomansi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FB51E5E4E8CEFE3B" authorityName="Fu, Cai, Boucher, Cao &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2013" box="[1240,1436,403,429]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="beibuwanensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FB51E5E4E8CEFE3B" box="[1240,1436,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">R. beibuwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FF43E5C0EC31FE46" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[202,355,439,464]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="staresensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FF43E5C0EC31FE46" box="[202,355,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">R. staresensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having unequal spicules and in amphidial fovea structure in males and females. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FF1EE5ACEC41FE62" authorityName="Revkova &amp; Sergeeva" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,275,475,500]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amurica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FF1EE5ACEC41FE62" box="[151,275,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">R. amurica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FE90E5ACEC20FE63" bold="true" box="[281,370,475,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857E9FF9DFFF8FE90E5ACEC20FE63" box="[281,370,475,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from them by the length of left (53–69 μm
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FC14E5ACEEE6FE62" box="[925,948,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">vs</emphasis>
. 39–47 μm in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FBDAE5ACE9BAFE63" authorityName="Riemann" authorityYear="1966" box="[1107,1256,475,501]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FBDAE5ACE9BAFE63" box="[1107,1256,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">R. inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 124–185 μm in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FF1EE588EC73FD8E" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,289,511,536]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="coomansi">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FF1EE588EC73FD8E" box="[151,289,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">R. coomansi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 98.2–108 μm in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FE6BE588EFF4FD8F" authorityName="Fu, Cai, Boucher, Cao &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2013" box="[482,678,511,537]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="beibuwanensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FE6BE588EFF4FD8F" box="[482,678,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">R. beibuwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 41–46 μm in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FCCAE588EE8EFD8E" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[835,988,511,536]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="staresensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FCCAE588EE8EFD8E" box="[835,988,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">R. staresensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and right (123–144 μm
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FB64E588E856FD8E" box="[1261,1284,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">vs</emphasis>
. 113–126 μm in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FF3DE654EC1AFDAB" authorityName="Riemann" authorityYear="1966" box="[180,328,547,573]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FF3DE654EC1AFDAB" box="[180,328,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">R. inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 66–85 μm in
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FE63E654EF29FDAA" box="[490,635,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FE63E654EF25FDAA" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[490,631,547,572]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="coomansi">R. coomansi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
44–50.9 μm in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FCA5E654EEA2FDAB" authorityName="Fu, Cai, Boucher, Cao &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2013" box="[812,1008,547,573]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="beibuwanensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FCA5E654EEA2FDAB" box="[812,1008,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">R. beibuwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 87–93 μm in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FB1BE654E879FDAA" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[1170,1323,547,572]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="staresensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FB1BE654E879FDAA" box="[1170,1323,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">R. staresensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) spicules. In the arrangement of longitudinal spine rows beginning at the level of the amphidial fovea and in long hairy spines on the tail of females, the new species resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FD5AE61CEE35FD13" authorityName="Riemann" authorityYear="1966" box="[723,871,619,645]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FD5AE61CEE35FD13" box="[723,871,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">R. inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FC2BE61CE97EFD12" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[930,1068,619,644]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="coomansi">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FC2BE61CE97EFD12" box="[930,1068,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">R. coomansi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it differs from them by the presence of anterior apophyses on gubernaculum (
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FD5DE6F8EFB9FD3E" box="[724,747,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">vs</emphasis>
. absent).
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FCD2E6F8EE85FD3E" authorityName="Revkova &amp; Sergeeva" authorityYear="2024" box="[859,983,655,680]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amurica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FCD2E6F8EE85FD3E" box="[859,983,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">R. amurica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FC69E6F8E969FD3F" bold="true" box="[992,1083,655,681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857E9FF9DFFF8FC69E6F8E969FD3F" box="[992,1083,655,681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
also differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FA81E6F8E8CFFD3F" authorityName="Riemann" authorityYear="1966" box="[1288,1437,655,681]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FA81E6F8E8CFFD3F" box="[1288,1437,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">R. inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a relatively broader body (a = 8.9–10.7
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FD42E6C4EFB0FD5A" box="[715,738,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">vs</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CD79B65FF9DFFF8FD78E6C4EE3BFD5B" box="[753,873,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3528" metricValueMax="3.6576" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" unit="in" value="13.2" valueMax="14.4" valueMin="12.0">12–14.4 in</quantity>
males and 6.6–9.4
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FBCAE6C4E933FD5A" box="[1091,1121,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">vs.</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CD79B65FF9DFFF8FBE1E6C5E9E5FD5B" box="[1128,1207,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.667" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" unit="in" value="10.5">10.5 in</quantity>
females) and longer internal labial setae (9–11 μm
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FE78E6A0EF5AFD66" box="[497,520,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">vs</emphasis>
. 6.3–7 μm). The new species can be distinguished also from
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FB4AE6A0E81FFD66" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[1219,1357,727,752]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="coomansi">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FB4AE6A0E81FFD66" box="[1219,1357,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">R. coomansi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the spirally whorled amphidial fovea in males (3.5 turns
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FD7CE68CEE5EFC82" box="[757,780,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">vs</emphasis>
. 5.25 turns) and internal labial setae without a prominent base (
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FF55E768EDA1FCAE" box="[220,243,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">vs</emphasis>
. present). The new species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FD4EE768EED9FCAF" authorityName="Fu, Cai, Boucher, Cao &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2013" box="[711,907,799,825]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="beibuwanensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FD4EE768EED9FCAF" box="[711,907,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">R. beibuwanensis</emphasis>
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and
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FC4FE768E90DFCAE" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[966,1119,799,824]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="staresensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FC4FE768E90DFCAE" box="[966,1119,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">R. staresensis</emphasis>
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by the presence of anterior apophyses on the gubernaculums, but differs from them by patterns of longitudinal spine rows (at the level of amphidial fovea
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FED1E710EC3DFC16" box="[344,367,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">vs</emphasis>
. middle of the pharynx).
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF9DFFF8FD1EE710EE41FC16" authorityName="Revkova &amp; Sergeeva" authorityYear="2024" box="[663,787,871,896]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="132" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="amurica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FD1EE710EE41FC16" box="[663,787,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">R. amurica</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FC95E710EE2AFC17" bold="true" box="[796,888,871,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">
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also differs from
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by having a longer body (515–895 μm
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FE44E7FCECB6FC32" box="[461,484,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">vs</emphasis>
. 373.7–405.6 μm), longer internal and external labial setae (9–11 μm and 8–9 μm
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. 6 μm), higher index
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FE2CE7D8ECE3FC5E" box="[421,433,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">c</emphasis>
(10.5–24.2
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. 6.6–7.5) and shorter amphidial fovea in females (23.5–29.4%
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. 36.3%). Furthermore, the new species differs from
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by having a smaller amphidial fovea in males (46.9–59.7%
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FF1EE780EDEDFB87" box="[151,191,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">chd</emphasis>
with 3.5 turns
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. 90%
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF9DFFF8FE41E780ECA2FB87" box="[456,496,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="132">chd</emphasis>
with 4 turns).
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Genus
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<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF96FFF3FF1EE5C0ECD2FE47" bold="true" box="[151,384,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
(based in Gharakhani
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. 2020). Body short and stout, yellow-brownish, from cylindrical to sacciform. Cuticle finely annulated with longitudinal rows of small spines. Anterior sensilla arranged in 6 + 10 pattern, all anterior sensilla setose. Amphidial fovea ventrally coiled, uni- to multispiral, or of any other derived shapes. Broad mouth opening surrounded by six soft lips and a cuticular collar. Buccal cavity nearly cylindroid, with weakly sclerotised walls. Pharynx short, cylindrical, and evenly muscular. Male reproductive system monorchic, with outstretched testis. No precloacal supplements except for modified cuticular spines. Female reproductive system didelphic-amphidelphic. Strictly marine.
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<treatment id="03868796FF96FFF4FF1EE378ECAEF84B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03868796FF96FFF4FF1EE378ECAEF84B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03868796FF96FFF4FF1EE378ECAEF84B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">
<subSubSection id="C335650BFF96FFF3FF1EE378ECBAF8BF" box="[151,488,1807,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B903680FF96FFF3FF1EE378ECBAF8BF" blockId="2.[151,488,1807,1869]" box="[151,488,1807,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">
<heading id="D0D881ECFF96FFF3FF1EE378ECBAF8BF" bold="true" box="[151,488,1807,1834]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF96FFF3FF1EE378ECBAF8BF" bold="true" box="[151,488,1807,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF96FFF3FF1EE378ECD0F8BF" authorityName="Revkova &amp; Sergeeva" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,386,1807,1834]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="japonica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF96FFF3FF1EE378ECD0F8BF" bold="true" box="[151,386,1807,1834]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">Richtersia japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857E9FF96FFF3FE03E378ECBAF8BF" box="[394,488,1807,1833]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C335650BFF96FFF3FF1EE344ECDDF8DB" box="[151,399,1843,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B903680FF96FFF3FF1EE344ECDDF8DB" blockId="2.[151,488,1807,1869]" box="[151,399,1843,1869]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">
(
<figureCitation id="13142A05FF96FFF3FF16E344EC7AF8DB" box="[159,296,1843,1869]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox-0="[175,1412,187,1913]" captionTargetBox-1="[191,1397,182,1884]" captionTargetId-0="figure-23@3.[169,1418,181,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-21@4.[191,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Richtersia japonica sp. nov. A: holotype male, entire body; B. holotype male, spicules; C. holotype male, buccal cavity; D. paratype female, amphid level; E. holotype male, amphid level; F. paratype female, buccal cavity; G. paratype female, entire body. Scale bar: A, G = 100 μm; B–F = 20 μm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Richtersia japonica sp. nov. A. paratype female, entire body; B. holotype male, entire body; C. paratype female, amphid level; D. holotype male, amphid level; E. paratype female, buccal cavity; F. paratype female, mature egg; G. paratype male, tail region; H. paratype female, tail region and setae (arrows); I. paratype female, cuticula on vulval region; J. paratype female, vulva (arrow). Scale bar: A, B = 100 μm; C–J = 20 μm." pageId="2" pageNumber="125">Figures 2–3</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6AD033BFF96FFF3FEBAE344ECD6F8DB" box="[307,388,1843,1869]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics of R. japonica sp. nov. and R. amurica sp. nov. from the Sea of Japan (in µm except for de Man’s ratios)." pageId="2" pageNumber="125">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C335650BFF96FFF4FF1EE302E8CFFF43" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B903680FF96FFF3FF1EE302EEE5F86C" blockId="2.[151,1437,1908,2043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF96FFF3FF1EE302EC17F818" bold="true" box="[151,325,1908,1935]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125">Type material.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D29FD09FF96FFF3FEC5E303EC83F818" box="[332,465,1908,1934]" count="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" type="male">Eight males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D29FD09FF96FFF3FD80E303EFC8F818" box="[521,666,1908,1934]" count="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" type="female">four females</specimenCount>
.
<typeStatus id="54948822FF96FFF3FD2DE303EE5EF818" box="[676,780,1908,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male mounted on slide Meib.18.N.h.,
<specimenCount id="9D29FD09FF96FFF3FB34E303E8CEF818" box="[1213,1436,1908,1935]" count="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" type="male" typeStatus="paratype">four paratype males</specimenCount>
mounted on slides: Meib.17.N.p. (
<specimenCount id="9D29FD09FF96FFF3FD92E3EEEF25F824" box="[539,631,1944,1971]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
), Meib.21.N.p., Meib.60.N.p. and
<specimenCount id="9D29FD09FF96FFF3FC77E3EEE9A7F824" box="[1022,1269,1944,1971]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" type="female" typeStatus="paratype">two paratype females</specimenCount>
: Meib.24.N.p., Meib.59.N.p. in pure glycerin;
<specimenCount id="9D29FD09FF96FFF3FE7FE3CBEF8CF840" box="[502,734,1980,2007]" count="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" type="male" typeStatus="paratype">three paratype males</specimenCount>
mounted on slides: Meib.16.N.p. (
<specimenCount id="9D29FD09FF96FFF3FBEEE3CAE991F840" box="[1127,1219,1980,2007]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
), Meib.20.N.p. and
<specimenCount id="9D29FD09FF96FFF3FF1EE396ECDEF86C" box="[151,396,2016,2043]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="125" type="female" typeStatus="paratype">two paratype females</specimenCount>
: Meib.20.N.p., Meib.56.N.p. in glycerine-gelatin.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF506608FF97FFF2FF1EE3E0EFE6F86E" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" startId="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[175,1412,187,1913]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B903680FF97FFF2FF1EE3E0EFE6F86E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF97FFF2FF1EE3E0EC46F839" bold="true" box="[151,276,1943,1967]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF97FFF2FE92E3EFECB1F839" authorityName="Revkova &amp; Sergeeva" authorityYear="2024" box="[283,483,1944,1968]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="japonica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF97FFF2FE92E3EFECB1F839" box="[283,483,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">Richtersia japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF97FFF2FE63E3EFEF69F826" bold="true" box="[490,571,1944,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857E9FF97FFF2FE63E3EFEF69F826" box="[490,571,1944,1968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="126" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A: holotype male, entire body; B. holotype male, spicules; C. holotype male, buccal cavity; D. paratype female, amphid level; E. holotype male, amphid level; F. paratype female, buccal cavity; G. paratype female, entire body. Scale bar: A, G = 100 μm; B–F = 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF506608FF90FFF5FF1EE302EE48F86F" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" startId="4.[151,250,1909,1933]" targetBox="[191,1397,182,1884]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B903680FF90FFF5FF1EE302EE48F86F" blockId="4.[151,1437,1909,2041]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF90FFF5FF1EE302EC46F81B" bold="true" box="[151,276,1909,1933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF90FFF5FE92E302ECB6F81B" authorityName="Revkova &amp; Sergeeva" authorityYear="2024" box="[283,484,1909,1933]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="japonica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF90FFF5FE92E302ECB6F81B" box="[283,484,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">Richtersia japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF90FFF5FE63E302EF6EF81B" bold="true" box="[490,572,1909,1933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857E9FF90FFF5FE63E302EF6EF81B" box="[490,572,1909,1933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="127" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A. paratype female, entire body; B. holotype male, entire body; C. paratype female, amphid level; D. holotype male, amphid level; E. paratype female, buccal cavity; F. paratype female, mature egg; G. paratype male, tail region; H. paratype female, tail region and setae (arrows); I. paratype female, cuticula on vulval region; J. paratype female, vulva (arrow). Scale bar: A, B = 100 μm; C–J = 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B903680FF91FFF4FF4EE4E0E8CFFF43" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<materialsCitation id="3B473CDDFF91FFF4FF4EE4E0E8CBFF43" collectingDate="2021-06" country="Japan" elevation="22" latitude="42.841667" location="Specimens" longLatPrecision="114" longitude="131.44" municipality="Sea" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FF4EE4E0ECA9FF26" bold="true" box="[199,507,150,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<typeStatus id="54948822FF91FFF4FF4EE4E0EC50FF27" box="[199,258,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Type</typeStatus>
locality and habitat.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EF0605BFF91FFF4FD8AE4E0EF2EFF27" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03868796FF96FFF4FF1EE378ECAEF84B:8EF0605BFF91FFF4FD8AE4E0EF2EFF27" box="[515,636,151,177]" country="Japan" latitude="42.841667" longLatPrecision="114" longitude="131.44" municipality="Sea" name="Specimens" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Specimens</location>
were collected from the
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF4ACFAFF91FFF4FC10E4E0EE93FF27" box="[921,961,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Sea</collectingMunicipality>
of
<collectingCountry id="F3387610FF91FFF4FC60E4E0E97BFF27" box="[1001,1065,151,177]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Japan</collectingCountry>
in
<date id="FF911040FF91FFF4FBC6E4E0E990FF27" box="[1103,1218,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" value="2021-06">
<collectingDate id="EFD5E9A8FF91FFF4FBC6E4E0E990FF27" box="[1103,1218,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" value="2021-06">June 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
on station 7, water depth
<quantity id="4CD79B65FF91FFF4FF55E4CCEC7EFF43" box="[220,300,187,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="22.1">
<elevation id="0002D1B3FF91FFF4FF55E4CCEC7EFF43" box="[220,300,187,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="22.1">22.1 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, pelitic dense silt with mica plates, fluffy detritus on the surface, coordinates:
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B5047FF91FFF4FB1FE4CCE85EFF43" box="[1174,1292,186,213]" degrees="42" direction="north" minutes="50.5" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" precision="92" value="42.841667">N 42°50.5</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1B5047FF91FFF4FA9EE4CCE8CBFF43" box="[1303,1433,187,213]" degrees="131" direction="east" minutes="26.4" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" precision="92" value="131.44">E 131°26.4</geoCoordinate>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C335650BFF91FFF4FF4EE4A8EC4CFB7F" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B903680FF91FFF4FF4EE4A8E9F5FF6F" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,1191,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FF4EE4A8EC1CFF6F" bold="true" box="[199,334,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species epithet is derived from the Latin adjective meaning “Japanese”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903680FF91FFF4FF4EE575EC36FE8A" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,356,258,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FF4EE575EC36FE8A" bold="true" box="[199,356,258,284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Descriptions.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903680FF91FFF4FF4EE550ECE1FCCB" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FF4EE550EC44FED7" bold="true" box="[199,278,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Males.</emphasis>
Body short, cylindrical, rounded anteriorly, tapering posteriorly. Cuticle annulated, annuli with numerous short and stout spines from posterior to cephalic region to near tail tip. These spines arranged heterogeneously in regular longitudinal rows from about the level of the middle of the pharynx. Each annule carrying spines arranged in groups of longitudinal rows: about 50–53 rows at the level of the middle of the pharynx, about 31–33 rows in the mid-body region, and about 16–19 rows in the cloacal region. Posterior one-third of the tail lacking spines and with a smooth tail tip. Somatic setae 3–9 μm long, irregularly situated in eight rows between longitudinal rows of spines. Longitudinal rows of robust spines on the ventral side that begin at the level of the middle of the pharynx and end about 17–32 µm from the cloaca. Six internal labial setae 6–8 μm long, situated on a hyaline labial membrane; six external labial setae 5–6 μm long and four cephalic setae 4–5 μm long located at almost the same level. Subcephalic setae 4–5 μm long, one at each side of amphidial fovea. Amphidial fovea 40.7–60% of
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FB0DE61CE9FEFD13" box="[1156,1196,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">chd</emphasis>
(corresponding head diameter), round and ventrally spiralled with 3.5 turns, surrounded by cuticular spines. Labial region with 12 lobes, strengthened by 12 cuticular rods, forming a pyramidal invagination of cheilostome wall into the stoma; invagination alternating with 12 triangular prisms. Stoma wide, funnel-shaped, unarmed and partly surrounded by pharyngeal tissue. Pharynx long, cylindrical and lacking a posterior bulb. Cardia not observed. The intestinal cells containing dark brown granules evenly dispersed all along the intestine. The nerve ring and secretory-excretory system indistinguishable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903680FF91FFF4FF4EE710ECB3FB87" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
Reproductive system monorchic, with outstretched testis. Two spicules unequal in shape and size: right spicule very fine, 4.3 (3.4–5.0) times cloacal body diameter; left spicule wider and 1.5 (1.2–2.2) times cloacal body diameter. Right spicule 2.8 (2.2–3.0) times longer than left spicule; left spicule with a capitulum. Gubernaculum surrounding distal ends of spicules, with an anterior apophysis on each side. Tail short, 1.2 (0.7–1.3)
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FBEFE7A4E9DCFC7B" box="[1126,1166,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">cbd</emphasis>
(cloacal body diameter) long, with two caudal glands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903680FF91FFF4FF4EE06CEC4CFB7F" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FF4EE06CEC62FBA3" bold="true" box="[199,304,1051,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Females.</emphasis>
General morphology similar to that of males. Spines arranged in regular longitudinal 49–51 rows beginning close to the buccal cavity, 37–39 rows in the mid-body region, and 22–24 rows in the cloacal region. Somatic setae 3–6 μm long. Amphidial fovea smaller, 26–39.1% of
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FC36E014EEB5FBEB" box="[959,999,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">chd</emphasis>
, with one turn. Reproductive system didelphic, amphidelphic. Ovaries reflexed. Spermatozoa present in uterus.
<specimenCount id="9D29FD09FF91FFF4FC61E0F0E939FB37" box="[1000,1131,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" type="female">One female</specimenCount>
with a mature egg (
<figureCitation id="13142A05FF91FFF4FAD8E0F0EDEAFB53" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[191,1397,182,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[191,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Richtersia japonica sp. nov. A. paratype female, entire body; B. holotype male, entire body; C. paratype female, amphid level; D. holotype male, amphid level; E. paratype female, buccal cavity; F. paratype female, mature egg; G. paratype male, tail region; H. paratype female, tail region and setae (arrows); I. paratype female, cuticula on vulval region; J. paratype female, vulva (arrow). Scale bar: A, B = 100 μm; C–J = 20 μm." pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Figure 3F</figureCitation>
). The tail is covered with numerous rows of short hairy spines (
<figureCitation id="13142A05FF91FFF4FC28E0DCE949FB53" box="[929,1051,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[191,1397,182,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[191,1397,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Richtersia japonica sp. nov. A. paratype female, entire body; B. holotype male, entire body; C. paratype female, amphid level; D. holotype male, amphid level; E. paratype female, buccal cavity; F. paratype female, mature egg; G. paratype male, tail region; H. paratype female, tail region and setae (arrows); I. paratype female, cuticula on vulval region; J. paratype female, vulva (arrow). Scale bar: A, B = 100 μm; C–J = 20 μm." pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Figure 3H</figureCitation>
), in which substrate particles can accumulate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C335650BFF91FFF4FF4EE085ECAEF84B" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B903680FF91FFF4FF4EE085E9EFFAEF" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FF4EE085EC10FA9A" bold="true" box="[199,322,1266,1292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FEC2E084EF78FA9A" authorityName="Revkova &amp; Sergeeva" authorityYear="2024" box="[331,554,1267,1293]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="japonica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FEC2E084EF78FA9A" box="[331,554,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Richtersia japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FDBAE084EFDDFA9B" bold="true" box="[563,655,1267,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857E9FF91FFF4FDBAE084EFDDFA9B" box="[563,655,1267,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is characterised by 450–655 μm long body; presence of multispiral amphidial fovea with 3.5 turns in males and one turn in females; longitudinal rows of spines located approximately from the level of the middle of the pharynx in males and behind the buccal cavity in females; two unequal spicules and gubernaculum with anterior apophyses, short conical tail; tail with hairy spines in females.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903680FF91FFF4FF4EE1F5EE31F92B" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FF4EE1F5EC82FA0A" bold="true" box="[199,464,1410,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
Based on the amphidial fovea structure and unequal spicules
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FB13E1F4E849FA0A" authorityName="Revkova &amp; Sergeeva" authorityYear="2024" box="[1178,1307,1411,1436]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="japonica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FB13E1F4E849FA0A" box="[1178,1307,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FAACE1F4E8D2FA0B" bold="true" box="[1317,1408,1411,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857E9FF91FFF4FAACE1F4E8D2FA0B" box="[1317,1408,1411,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FE8EE1D0EE05FA57" authority="Fu, Cai, Boucher, Cao &amp; Wu, 2013" authorityName="Fu, Cai, Boucher, Cao &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2013" box="[263,855,1447,1473]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="beibuwanensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FE8EE1D0EC4AFA56" box="[263,280,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FEAFE1D0EC99FA57" box="[294,459,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">beibuwanensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B71FF91FFF4FE58E1D0EE05FA57" author="Fu, S. J. &amp; Cai, L. - Z. &amp; Boucher, G. &amp; Cao, J. &amp; Wu, C." box="[465,855,1447,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" pagination="1921 - 1931" refId="ref5272" refString="Fu, S. J., Cai, L. - Z., Boucher, G., Cao, J. &amp; Wu, C. (2013) Two new Richtersia species from the northern Beibu Gulf, China. Journal of Natural History, 47 (29 - 30), 1921 - 1931. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2013.769640" type="journal article" year="2013">Fu, Cai, Boucher, Cao &amp; Wu, 2013</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FCE8E1D0E85AFA57" authority="Soetaert &amp; Vincx, 1987" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[865,1288,1447,1473]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="staresensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FCE8E1D0EEA8FA56" box="[865,1018,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. staresensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B71FF91FFF4FB89E1D0E85AFA57" author="Soetaert, K. &amp; Vincx, M." box="[1024,1288,1447,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" pagination="125 - 142" refId="ref6359" refString="Soetaert, K. &amp; Vincx, M. (1987) Six new Richtersia species (Nematoda, Selachinematidae) from the Mediterranean Sea. Zoologica Scripta, 16 (2), 125 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1987. tb 00060. x" type="journal article" year="1987">Soetaert &amp; Vincx, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FA9BE1D0ECCDFA73" authority="Soetaert &amp; Vincx, 1987" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="coomansi">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FA9BE1D0E8CEFA56" box="[1298,1436,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. coomansi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B71FF91FFF4FF1EE1BCECCDFA73" author="Soetaert, K. &amp; Vincx, M." box="[151,415,1483,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" pagination="125 - 142" refId="ref6359" refString="Soetaert, K. &amp; Vincx, M. (1987) Six new Richtersia species (Nematoda, Selachinematidae) from the Mediterranean Sea. Zoologica Scripta, 16 (2), 125 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1987. tb 00060. x" type="journal article" year="1987">Soetaert &amp; Vincx, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FE5FE1BCEE4DFA73" authority="Riemann, 1966" authorityName="Riemann" authorityYear="1966" box="[470,799,1483,1509]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FE5FE1BCEF38FA73" box="[470,618,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. inaequalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBE4B71FF91FFF4FDF8E1BCEE4DFA73" author="Riemann, F." box="[625,799,1483,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 279" refId="ref6068" refString="Riemann, F. (1966) Die interstitielle Fauna im Elbe-Aestuar. Verbreitung und Systematik. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie Supplementband, 31, 1 - 279." type="journal article" year="1966">Riemann, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FB6BE1BCE83EFA72" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[1250,1388,1483,1508]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="coomansi">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FB6BE1BCE83EFA72" box="[1250,1388,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. coomansi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FF1EE198EC79F99F" authorityName="Riemann" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,299,1519,1545]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FF1EE198EC79F99F" box="[151,299,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having an anterior apophysis on gubernaculum (
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FCFDE198EED9F99E" box="[884,907,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">vs</emphasis>
. absent); length of the left (51–68 μm
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FAB6E198E804F99E" box="[1343,1366,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">vs</emphasis>
. 124– 185 μm in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FE9CE264ECF2F9BA" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[277,416,1555,1580]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="coomansi">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FE9CE264ECF2F9BA" box="[277,416,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. coomansi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 39–47 μm in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FDFDE264EE5AF9BB" authorityName="Riemann" authorityYear="1966" box="[628,776,1555,1581]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FDFDE264EE5AF9BB" box="[628,776,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and right 139–173 μm
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FBA9E264E965F9BA" box="[1056,1079,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">vs</emphasis>
. 66–85 μm in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FB68E264E839F9BA" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[1249,1387,1555,1580]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="coomansi">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FB68E264E839F9BA" box="[1249,1387,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. coomansi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 113–126 μm in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FEC0E240EC8FF9C7" authorityName="Riemann" authorityYear="1966" box="[329,477,1591,1617]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FEC0E240EC8FF9C7" box="[329,477,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) spicules; longitudinal rows of spines begin at the level of the middle of the pharynx in males and behind buccal cavity in females (
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FD15E22CEFE8F9E2" box="[668,698,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">vs.</emphasis>
at the level of amphidial fovea in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FBB1E22CE990F9E2" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[1080,1218,1627,1652]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="coomansi">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FBB1E22CE990F9E2" box="[1080,1218,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. coomansi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FB71E22CE8DEF9E3" authorityName="Riemann" authorityYear="1966" box="[1272,1420,1627,1653]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="inaequalis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FB71E22CE8DEF9E3" box="[1272,1420,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. inaequalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FE69E208EF38F90E" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[480,618,1663,1688]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="coomansi">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FE69E208EF38F90E" box="[480,618,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. coomansi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the number of amphidial fovea turns in males (3.5 turns
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FB76E208E844F90E" box="[1279,1302,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">vs</emphasis>
. 5.25 turns) and the shape of internal labial setae (usual
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FD08E2D4EFCAF92A" box="[641,664,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">vs</emphasis>
. prominent base).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B903680FF91FFF4FF4EE2B0ECAEF84B" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
The new species mostly resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FDEFE2B0EE78F977" authorityName="Fu, Cai, Boucher, Cao &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2013" box="[614,810,1735,1761]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="beibuwanensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FDEFE2B0EE78F977" box="[614,810,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. beibuwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FCE0E2B0E950F976" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[873,1026,1735,1760]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="staresensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FCE0E2B0E950F976" box="[873,1026,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. staresensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the arrangement of longitudinal rows of spines, but differs from it in de Man
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FD2DE29CEFE0F892" box="[676,690,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">a</emphasis>
value in males (8–11.9
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FC40E29CEEB2F892" box="[969,992,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">vs</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="4CD79B65FF91FFF4FC79E29CE931F893" box="[1008,1123,1771,1797]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8415" metricValueMax="1.8796" metricValueMin="1.8034" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" unit="in" value="7.25" valueMax="7.4" valueMin="7.1">7.1–7.4 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FBE5E29CE863F893" authorityName="Fu, Cai, Boucher, Cao &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2013" box="[1132,1329,1771,1797]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="beibuwanensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FBE5E29CE863F893" box="[1132,1329,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. beibuwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<quantity id="4CD79B65FF91FFF4FAE2E29DEDFFF8BF" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9116" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" unit="in" value="15.4">15.4 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FF3FE378EC1DF8BE" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[182,335,1807,1832]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="staresensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FF3FE378EC1DF8BE" box="[182,335,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. staresensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and lengths of the spicules: right (139–173 μm
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FC08E378EECAF8BE" box="[897,920,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">vs</emphasis>
. 44–50.9 μm in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FBD1E378E84EF8BF" authorityName="Fu, Cai, Boucher, Cao &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2013" box="[1112,1308,1807,1833]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="beibuwanensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FBD1E378E84EF8BF" box="[1112,1308,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. beibuwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 87–93 μm in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FF6DE344EC2FF8DA" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[228,381,1843,1868]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="staresensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FF6DE344EC2FF8DA" box="[228,381,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. staresensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and left (51–68 μm
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FDFDE344EFD9F8DA" box="[628,651,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">vs</emphasis>
. 98.2–108 μm in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FCD3E344E94CF8DB" authorityName="Fu, Cai, Boucher, Cao &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2013" box="[858,1054,1843,1869]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="beibuwanensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FCD3E344E94CF8DB" box="[858,1054,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. beibuwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 41–46 μm in
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FB7AE344E8DEF8DA" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[1267,1420,1843,1868]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="staresensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FB7AE344E8DEF8DA" box="[1267,1420,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. staresensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FF1EE320EC4AF8E6" authorityName="Revkova &amp; Sergeeva" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,280,1879,1904]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="japonica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FF1EE320EC4AF8E6" box="[151,280,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FE96E320EC2AF8E7" bold="true" box="[287,376,1879,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26857E9FF91FFF4FE96E320EC2AF8E7" box="[287,376,1879,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
also differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FDB7E320EE50F8E7" authorityName="Fu, Cai, Boucher, Cao &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2013" box="[574,770,1879,1905]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="beibuwanensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FDB7E320EE50F8E7" box="[574,770,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. beibuwanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a relatively longer body (450–655 μm
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FAA3E320E81BF8E6" box="[1322,1353,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">vs.</emphasis>
373.7– 399.6 μm in males, 450–561 μm
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FD85E30CEF71F802" box="[524,547,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">vs</emphasis>
. 405.6 μm in females) and subcephalic setae (present
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FB0DE30CE9C9F802" box="[1156,1179,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">vs</emphasis>
. absent). Furthermore, the new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C2F4D03FF91FFF4FE56E3E8EF2AF82E" authorityName="Soetaert &amp; Vincx" authorityYear="1987" box="[479,632,1951,1976]" class="Chromadorea" family="Richtersiidae" genus="Richtersia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Desmodorida" pageId="5" pageNumber="128" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="staresensis">
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FE56E3E8EF2AF82E" box="[479,632,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">R. staresensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a smaller amphidial fovea in males (40.7–60%
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FA86E3E8E865F82F" box="[1295,1335,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">chd</emphasis>
with 3.5 turns
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FF5FE3B4EDBFF84A" box="[214,237,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">vs</emphasis>
. 90%
<emphasis id="B95BEA92FF91FFF4FEBFE3B4EC0CF84B" box="[310,350,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="128">chd</emphasis>
with 4 turns).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

187
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@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
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<mods:title id="12B5D33BDEADEE887C3CB3C510C17E37">A new genus of tribe Dikraneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China based on a new species and genus checklist from China provided</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C36892859C4EBB934B9523FE11A2FC32">Yang, Maofa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="ED92A8CE85F3A6B6C012B4416925AB75">Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China. &amp; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="87D4CDB5CFA813C9BE0F8027B6E81743" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2B8C9E6C11A15FBF297D054B093C0EC5">
<mods:roleTerm id="4EB0591574A5694E122C2C88F08A5A8C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="16FD055335A9C63A37048D4CC10F701E">Yan, Bin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7F7A50D6F578DCDEA0A5F969F50A4FF4">Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China. &amp; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="7E2C68834D5F006CB5E642397DD5E18A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EB35C93087134A933400BE0B4BD8413C">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D620FCBF0FFA05813A0173E0B5F6E5E7">Yu, Xiaofei</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B909B7040B8775611904257C14052E09">Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China. &amp; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="105510C2B937F5D67F59E1F4CDFB97EA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0DB70D9968D338B172E8683C90C867D5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="D2EDFF361183EF58EAD8C4599CFEAB43">
<mods:date id="9F8A1CEF07D26D1DB12B68C91BE1C946">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="0A04A63D08A718CE90CFC73BF35C595C" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="9E640F77A2756FD9490FD2E5DB107175">2024-12-02</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="57C5F8A4C8B3B61B847F773FC9A0D703" type="volume">
<mods:number id="9A116E12A95860D33E95CAEAB099F240">5543</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D20111353F4B9576B324CB293EA1EF3A">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E102AFD6D0A47A841363DA9151AA57B7">135</mods:start>
<mods:end id="9001873DBB05679DDEA6471DB965F8B7">140</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="056943B95E20E3F6B4CD0B0423E76B0B">
<mods:url id="246A45C8FE0C01E7246EA6C841EAC567">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5543.1.8</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="0AB1642A885B53DC37F5704E565AA01E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3E738D6084B6B8D26D7D460F28DE6C38" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5543.1.8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1990F812A8E00149447900BCBCD3C93A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03964341FFDFFF80F8B8CBEF4D847D27" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964341FFDFFF80F8B8CBEF4D847D27" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03964341FFDFFF80F8B8CBEF4D847D27" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<subSubSection id="C325A1DCFFDFFF80F8B8CBEF489678DF" box="[151,438,223,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80F257FFDFFF80F8B8CBEF489678DF" blockId="1.[151,438,223,285]" box="[151,438,223,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<heading id="D0C8453BFFDFFF80F8B8CBEF489678DF" bold="true" box="[151,438,223,249]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDFFF80F8B8CBEF489678DF" bold="true" box="[151,438,223,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
Genus.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F89D4FFDFFF80F8D9CBEF486178DF" authorityName="Jiao &amp; Yang &amp; Yan &amp; Yu" authorityYear="2024" box="[246,321,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Sugea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDFFF80F8D9CBEF486178DF" bold="true" box="[246,321,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Sugea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278933EFFDFFF80F967CBEF489678DF" box="[328,438,223,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A1DCFFDFFF80F8B8CA334837793B" box="[151,279,259,285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B80F257FFDFFF80F8B8CA334837793B" blockId="1.[151,438,223,285]" box="[151,279,259,285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80F8B8CA3349FB793B" box="[151,219,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: A–P
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A1DCFFDFFF80F8B8CA784B627946" box="[151,578,327,352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8B80F257FFDFFF80F8B8CA784B627946" blockId="1.[151,578,327,352]" box="[151,578,327,352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDFFF80F8B8CA7848037979" bold="true" box="[151,291,327,352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<typeStatus id="54844CF5FFDFFF80F8B8CA7849EC7946" box="[151,204,328,352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F89D4FFDFFF80F905CA7848CB7946" authorityName="Jiao &amp; Yang &amp; Yan &amp; Yu" authorityYear="2024" box="[298,491,328,352]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Sugea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusangula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDFFF80F905CA7848CB7946" box="[298,491,328,352]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Sugea obtusangula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDFFF80F9DDCA784B627946" bold="true" box="[498,578,328,352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278933EFFDFFF80F9DDCA784B627946" box="[498,578,328,352]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A1DCFFDFFF80F8B8CABD4A227B72" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B80F257FFDFFF80F8B8CABD4A227B72" blockId="1.[151,1437,397,1281]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDFFF80F8B8CABD48017981" bold="true" box="[151,289,397,423]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Description</emphasis>
. Body (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80F952CABD48E27981" box="[381,450,397,423]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: A, B) relatively large, center of crown (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80FBA0CABD4AF47981" box="[911,980,397,423]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: C, D, F) with prominent bulge, coronal suture short, head in dorsal view narrower than pronotum. Face (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80FB46CA814A8D79ED" box="[873,941,433,459]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: E) protuberant in profile, with well-defined angles at dorsal margin of frontoclypeus and midlength of anteclypeus, and clypeal sulcus distinct, anteclypeus strongly swollen and lorum very narrow in male (female unknown); ocelli vestigial, crescent-shaped. Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80F8B0C92C49C67A10" box="[159,230,540,566]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: C, D) with small angulate protrusion at center of anterior margin, with sublateral visible in frontal view. Mesonotum and scutellum depressed, forming single plane narrower than pronotum. Color of forewings relatively uniform, elliptical waxy area located near the middle of the outer margin of the forewing, 3rd apical cell (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80FD01C9544C527A58" box="[1326,1394,612,638]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: G) small and stalked. Hind wing (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80F9C0C9B74B137A87" box="[495,563,647,673]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: H) transparent, anal veins and CuA veins forked. Abdominal apodemes (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80FD40C9B749877AE3" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: I, N) underdeveloped. Pygofer side (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80FA7DC99B4BB87AE3" box="[594,664,683,709]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: J, O) broad but irregular in shape, ventral margin with indentations but without appendage. Subgenital plate (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80FA41C9FF4B947ACF" box="[622,692,719,745]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: J, O, P) longer than pygofer, not fused at base, with longitudinal row of sparse macrosetae, apex expanded with protuberances. Style (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80FBB7C9C24AFC7B2B" box="[920,988,754,781]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: L, M) elongate, without preapical lobe. Connective short and broad, V-shaped. Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80FAF6C8264A007B16" box="[729,800,790,816]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: L, M, P) with gonopore-bearing shaft greatly reduced, with pair of elongate basal processes. Gonopore apical.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A1DCFFDFFF80F8E8C86D4B017B5E" box="[199,545,861,888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B80F257FFDFFF80F8E8C86D4B017B5E" blockId="1.[151,1437,397,1281]" box="[199,545,861,888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDFFF80F8E8C86D48417B51" bold="true" box="[199,353,861,887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F328B2C7FFDFFF80F948C86E488A7B5E" box="[359,426,862,888]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49FB3CB5FFDFFF80F996C86E4B357B5E" box="[441,533,862,888]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A1DCFFDFFF80F8E8C8B248447B99" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B80F257FFDFFF80F8E8C8B248447B99" blockId="1.[151,1437,397,1281]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDFFF80F8E8C8B248727BBA" bold="true" box="[199,338,898,924]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Etymology:</emphasis>
The new genus name is derived from the Chinese “Suge”, which symbolizes vitality and dynamism. Gender: feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A1DCFFDFFF80F8E8C8F94D847D27" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80F257FFDFFF80F8E8C8F94D847D27" blockId="1.[151,1437,397,1281]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDFFF80F8E8C8F9481D7BC5" bold="true" box="[199,317,969,995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Remarks:</emphasis>
The new genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3F89D4FFDFFF80F9DBC8F94B187BC5" authorityName="Jiao &amp; Yang &amp; Yan &amp; Yu" authorityYear="2024" box="[500,568,969,995]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Sugea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDFFF80F9DBC8F94B187BC5" box="[500,568,969,995]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Sugea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
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<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDFFF80FAE5C8FA4A077BC5" box="[714,807,970,995]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Igutettix</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8FA6FFDFFF80FB01C8F94D217BC5" author="Matsumura, S." box="[814,1025,969,995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="93 - 120" refId="ref3422" refString="Matsumura, S. (1932) A revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental typhlocybid-genera with descriptions of new species and new genera. Insecta Matsumurana, 6 (3), 93 - 120." type="journal article" year="1932">Matsumura (1932)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F89D4FFDFFF80FC23C8F94C6E7BC5" authority="Anufriev (1970)" authorityName="Anufriev" authorityYear="1970" box="[1036,1358,969,995]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Vilbasteana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDFFF80FC23C8F94DB07BC5" box="[1036,1168,969,995]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Vilbasteana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8FA6FFDFFF80FCBAC8F94C6E7BC5" author="Anufriev, G. A." box="[1173,1358,969,995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="261 - 263" refId="ref2163" refString="Anufriev, G. A. (1970) New genera of Palearctic Dikraneurini (Homoptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) bulletin de l'Academie Polonaise des sciences, II, 18 (5), 261 - 263" type="book chapter" year="1970">Anufriev (1970)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F89D4FFDFFF80FD76C8F948DE7C21" authority="Viraktamath et Dietrich (2011)" authorityName="Viraktamath et Dietrich" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Sweta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDFFF80FD76C8F94CBC7BC5" box="[1369,1436,969,995]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Sweta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8FA6FFDFFF80F8B8C8DD48DE7C21" author="Viraktamath, C. A. &amp; Dietrich, C. H." box="[151,510,1005,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref3684" refString="Viraktamath, C. A. &amp; Dietrich, C. H. (2011) A remarkable new genus of Dikraneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from Southeast Asia. Zootaxa, 2931 (1), 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2931.1.1" type="journal article" year="2011">Viraktamath et Dietrich (2011)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F89D4FFDFFF80FA22C8DD4A9C7C21" authority="Hossain et Kwon (2021)" authorityName="Hossain et Kwon" authorityYear="2021" box="[525,956,1005,1031]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Koreoneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDFFF80FA22C8DD4BB37C20" box="[525,659,1005,1030]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Koreoneura</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8FA6FFDFFF80FAB1C8DD4A9C7C21" author="Hossain, M. S. &amp; Kwon, J. H. &amp; Suh, S. J. &amp; Kwon, Y. J." box="[670,956,1005,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="353 - 360" refId="ref2770" refString="Hossain, M. S., Kwon, J. H., Suh, S. J. &amp; Kwon, Y. J. (2021) A remarkable microleafhopper genus Koreoneura gen. nov. and newly recorded genus of the tribe Dikraneurini from Korea (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae). Zootaxa, 4951 (2), 353 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4951.2.8" type="journal article" year="2021">Hossain et Kwon (2021)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F89D4FFDFFF80FBD5C8DD4CB87C21" authority="Ohara et Hayashi (2022)" authorityName="Ohara et Hayashi" authorityYear="2022" box="[1018,1432,1005,1031]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Cornicola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDFFF80FBD5C8DD4D4C7C21" box="[1018,1132,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Cornicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8FA6FFDFFF80FC59C8DD4CB87C21" author="Ohara, N. &amp; Hayashi, M." box="[1142,1432,1005,1031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" pagination="63 - 74" refId="ref3493" refString="Ohara, N. &amp; Hayashi, M. (2022) Recognition of the genera Igutettix Matsumura and Vilbasteana Anufriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae), with discovery of a new related genus from Japan. Zootaxa, 5125 (1), 63 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5125.1.4" type="journal article" year="2022">Ohara et Hayashi (2022)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, in the comparatively large body-size and large pronotum. Some features of the pronotum, including the distinct submarginal furrow present along the anterior and lateral margins, and subgenital plates not fused to each other or to valve, show similarity to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F89D4FFDFFF80FA13CF684B5F7C54" authorityName="Viraktamath et Dietrich" authorityYear="2011" box="[572,639,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Sweta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDFFF80FA13CF684B5F7C54" box="[572,639,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Sweta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. But it is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C3F89D4FFDFFF80FBFECF684D347C54" authorityName="Viraktamath et Dietrich" authorityYear="2011" box="[977,1044,1112,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Sweta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDFFF80FBFECF684D347C54" box="[977,1044,1112,1138]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Sweta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the black coloration, short and smooth pronotum, forewing with 3
<superScript id="7C4A5F1FFFDFFF80FA08CF4B4B157CAF" attach="left" box="[551,565,1147,1161]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">rd</superScript>
apical cell small and with stalk, and hindwings CuA and anal veins forked. Moreover this new genus is characterized by the face with distinct angular features in profile, the less strongly raised center of the crown, pronotum with a small protruding angle at the center of the anterior margin and end of the subgenital plate with a horn-like protrusion. These traits distinguish it from other genera.
</paragraph>
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: A–P
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<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDFFF80F8B8CE8E48017DFE" bold="true" box="[151,289,1470,1496]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Description</emphasis>
. Length: male
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.
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<paragraph id="8B80F257FFDFFF80F8E8CED24A6D7EAA" blockId="1.[151,1437,1470,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
Body (
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: A, B) black with white spots, four white spots surround the central protrusion of crown (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80FD7ECED24CB67DDA" box="[1361,1430,1506,1532]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: F); eyes brown. Face (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80F9B3CD3648C37E06" box="[412,483,1542,1568]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: E) black, postclypeus and anteclypeus relatively pale, antennae yellow. Front and postclypeus separated by distinct transverse ridge, most evident in lateral view. Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80FC8BCD1A4DCA7E62" box="[1188,1258,1578,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: C, D, F) black with white spots located at depressions near lateral margins. Lateral angles and apical angle of scutellum black, central part yellow, and area near transverse depression black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F257FFDFFF80F8E8CDA64D697F3A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1470,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
Forewing (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80F96ECDA648A57E96" box="[321,389,1686,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: G) black, middle of claval area, with two slanted white stripes, and white patch at apex. Area along the R and M veins red. First apical cell large, occupying about half of apical area, third apical cell small with stalk. Abdominal apodemes (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80F9CDCDEE4B087EDE" box="[482,552,1758,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: I, N) extended to 4th abdominal sternite. Pygofer side (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80FC81CDEE4DD47EDE" box="[1198,1268,1758,1784]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: J, O) covered with truncate setae, heavy sclerotization distributed along notches of ventral margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F257FFDFFF80F8E8CC1648517FD2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1470,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="136">
Subgenital plate (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80F9BBCC1648FC7F66" box="[404,476,1830,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: J, O, P) long and upturned with scattered large setae along ventral margin, apex expanded laterad, with sclerotized horn-like protrusion at top of expanded section. Style (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80FCACCC7A4DE77F42" box="[1155,1223,1866,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
; L, M) longer than aedeagus, slightly sinuate. Connective (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80FA78CC5E4BBC7FAE" box="[599,668,1902,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: L, M) shorter than wide. Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="1304EED2FFDFFF80FC6BCC5E4DA97FAE" box="[1092,1161,1902,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[276,1312,158,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[276,1312,151,1877]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sugea obtusangula sp. nov.: A. male body, dorsal view; B. male body, lateral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. head and thorax, lateral view; E. face; F. head, front view; G. forewing; H. hindwing; I. abdominal apodeme; J. male pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; K. valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; L. style, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; M. style, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; N. abdominal apodeme; O. pygofer side, subgenital plate and aedeagus, dorsal view; P. aedeagus, lateral view; Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–F), 0.1 mm (G–M)." pageId="1" pageNumber="136">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
: L, M, P) broad at base, atrial complex enclosing shaft, shaft short and tubular, curved, pair of curved short protrusions at base and a pair of long protrusions at the end; long protrusions slender and crossing each other, comprising about two-thirds of total length of aedeagus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A1DCFFDCFF83F8E8CBA64AC678F2" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B80F257FFDCFF83F8E8CBA64AC678F2" blockId="2.[151,1436,150,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDCFF83F8E8CBA648557896" bold="true" box="[199,373,150,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B57F80AFFDCFF83F952CBA64B0E78F2" collectingDate="2015-05-08" collectorName="Wu Yunfei." country="China" elevation="2075" latitude="22.9432" location="Yunnan Province" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="102.4251" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDCFF83F952CBA648C57897" bold="true" box="[381,485,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<typeStatus id="54844CF5FFDCFF83F952CBA648C57897" box="[381,485,150,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
,
<specimenCount id="9D3939DEFFDCFF83F9DCCBA64B387896" box="[499,536,150,176]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F328B2C7FFDCFF83FA0ACBA64BA27896" box="[549,642,150,176]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">CHINA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49FB3CB5FFDCFF83FAA3CBA74A6F7896" box="[652,847,150,177]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
, Lvchun.
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B9490FFDCFF83FB90CBA64D647897" box="[959,1092,150,177]" degrees="102.4251" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" precision="5" value="102.4251">102.4251°E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B9490FFDCFF83FC64CBA64DE97896" box="[1099,1225,150,176]" degrees="22.9432" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" precision="5" value="22.9432">22.9432°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CC75FB2FFDCFF83FCFBCBA64C057897" box="[1236,1317,150,177]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.075" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="2075.0">
<elevation id="00121564FFDCFF83FCFBCBA64C057897" box="[1236,1317,150,177]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.075" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="2075.0">2075m</elevation>
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,
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<collectingDate id="EFC52D7FFFDCFF83FD1ECBA64CB77897" box="[1329,1431,150,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" value="2015-05-08">8.V.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, (light-trap), collected by
<collectorName id="26CA9781FFDCFF83F980CB8B4B0E78F2" box="[431,558,186,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Wu Yunfei.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B57F80AFFDCFF83FA1BCB8B4AC678F2" box="[564,998,186,213]" collectingDate="2015-05-08" collectorName="Wu Yunfei." country="China" elevation="2075" latitude="22.9432" location="Yunnan Province" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="102.4251" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDCFF83FA1BCB8B4BBB78F3" bold="true" box="[564,667,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<typeStatus id="54844CF5FFDCFF83FA1BCB8B4BBB78F3" box="[564,667,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
,
<specimenCount id="9D3939DEFFDCFF83FA86CB8A4BC378F3" box="[681,739,186,213]" count="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="male">5♂♂</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A1DCFFDCFF83F8E8CBEE4C5378DE" box="[199,1395,222,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B80F257FFDCFF83F8E8CBEE4C5378DE" blockId="2.[151,1436,150,321]" box="[199,1395,222,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDCFF83F8E8CBEE486E78DE" bold="true" box="[199,334,222,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet is the Latin word
<taxonomicName id="4C3F89D4FFDCFF83FAD1CBEE4AA878DE" authorityName="Jiao &amp; Yang &amp; Yan &amp; Yu" authorityYear="2024" box="[766,904,222,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Sugea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusangula">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDCFF83FAD1CBEE4AA878DE" box="[766,904,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">obtusangula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
referring to the angulate profile of the face.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A1DCFFDCFF83F8E8CA324C637966" pageId="2" pageNumber="137" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80F257FFDCFF83F8E8CA324C637966" blockId="2.[151,1436,150,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B94B2E45FFDCFF83F8E8CA32481B793A" bold="true" box="[199,315,258,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="137">Remarks.</emphasis>
Unusual characteristics of this new species include the sclerotization distributed along the notches of the pygofer ventral margin and the aedeagus with well-developed processes but the shaft short and tubular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

294
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<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234050264B9BFBC0FE617C4C" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,508,1045,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumbana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234050264B9BFBC0FE007C53" bold="true" box="[151,413,1045,1072]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Nemophora sumbana</emphasis>
Kozlov
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,
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<paragraph id="8BA5A708234050264B9BFB88FEA17C1B" blockId="2.[151,1010,1045,1144]" box="[151,316,1117,1144]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
(
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234050264B93FB88FF707C14" box="[159,237,1117,1143]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234050264BF7FB88FE967C14" box="[251,267,1117,1143]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,747,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-223@5.[151,1437,741,1512]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Forewing pattern of Nemophora spp. 9, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.; 10, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 11, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 12, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.; 13, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 14, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="2" pageNumber="113">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234050264A1BFB88FEA97C1B" box="[279,308,1117,1144]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1598]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,404,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[151,1436,404,1551]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15–18. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 15, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.; 16, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 17, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 18, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.; a: genital complex, ventral view (right valva not shown); b: genital complex, lateral view; c: juxta; d: phallus, ventral view; e: phallus, lateral view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." pageId="2" pageNumber="113">15</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234050264B9BFB77FCB37D11" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234050264B9BFB77FCB37D11" blockId="2.[151,1436,1186,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
<materialsCitation id="3B72AD55234050264B9BFB77FAA57CD9" box="[151,1336,1186,1210]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-9.6" location="Sumba Island" longLatPrecision="1299" longitude="119.416664" municipality="Pogobina" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234050264B9BFB77FF677CD9" bold="true" box="[151,250,1186,1210]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234050264B9BFB77FF677CD9" box="[151,250,1186,1210]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234050264A0DFB77FE8A7CDA" box="[257,279,1186,1209]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F30DE798234050264A2EFB77FE1A7CD9" box="[290,391,1186,1210]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8EC5F1D3234050264A9FFB77FDBD7CD9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B3161E234050204B9BFBC0FC7B7A92:8EC5F1D3234050264A9FFB77FDBD7CD9" box="[403,544,1186,1210]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-9.6" longLatPrecision="1299" longitude="119.416664" municipality="Pogobina" name="Sumba Island" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Sumba Island</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC13D72234050264920FB77FD117CD9" box="[556,652,1186,1210]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Pogobina</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE2EC1CF234050264997FB77FD727CD9" box="[667,751,1186,1210]" degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" precision="925" value="-9.6">9º 36’ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2EC1CF2340502649F6FB77FCF57CD9" box="[762,872,1186,1210]" degrees="119" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" precision="925" value="119.416664">119º 25’ E</geoCoordinate>
); labelled:
<quantity id="4CE20AED2340502648D7FB77FB8B7CDA" box="[987,1046,1186,1210]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
circle with red border, print
</materialsCitation>
‘
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234050264E4FFB77FA1E7CD9" box="[1347,1411,1186,1210]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="holotype">Holo-</typeStatus>
│ type’; 6 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234050264A3FFB15FEE07CBB" box="[307,381,1216,1240]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
, print ‘W. Sumba,
<quantity id="4CE20AED234050264932FB15FD1D7CBB" box="[574,640,1216,1240]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
│ Pogobina,
<date id="FFA481C8234050264801FB15FCC67CBB" box="[781,859,1216,1240]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" value="1949-09">ix 1949</date>
│ Sutter &amp; Wegner’; 6 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234050264F6BFB15FB2F7CBB" box="[1127,1202,1216,1240]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
, print ‘
<materialsCitation id="3B72AD55234050264FF4FB15FC967C94" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234050264FF4FB15FA1F7CBB" box="[1272,1410,1216,1240]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234050264E85FB14FA017CBB" box="[1417,1436,1217,1240]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
│
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234050264BECFB0AFE4F7C94" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[224,466,1247,1273]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumbana">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234050264BECFB0AFEC57C94" box="[224,344,1247,1271]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Nemophora</emphasis>
│
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234050264A7BFB0AFE4F7C94" box="[375,466,1247,1271]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">sumbana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kozlov’ (
<collectionCode id="ED0B3FCD23405026493BFB0AFD1B7C94" box="[567,646,1247,1271]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
) [examined]
</materialsCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234050264818FB0AFC1D7C94" bold="true" box="[788,896,1247,1271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234050264818FB0AFC1D7C94" box="[788,896,1247,1271]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234050264882FB0AFC2B7C94" box="[910,950,1247,1271]" count="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
, labelled:
<quantity id="4CE20AED234050264F13FB0AFBC47C94" box="[1055,1113,1247,1271]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
circle with yellow border, print ‘
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234050264BC7FB2BFE987D75" box="[203,261,1278,1302]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="paratype">Para-</typeStatus>
│ type’; 6 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234050264A83FB2BFE447D76" box="[399,473,1278,1302]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
, print ‘W. Sumba,
<quantity id="4CE20AED234050264995FB2BFD477D76" box="[665,730,1278,1302]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
│ Pogobina,
<date id="FFA481C823405026486AFB2BFC2E7D75" box="[870,947,1278,1302]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" value="1949-09">ix 1949</date>
│ Sutter &amp; Wegner’.
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234050264F98FB2BFB207D76" box="[1172,1213,1278,1302]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
, labelled: 6 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234050264E42FB2BFA047D76" box="[1358,1433,1278,1302]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
, print ‘W. Sumba,
<quantity id="4CE20AED234050264A70FAC9FE207D57" box="[380,445,1308,1332]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
│ Pogobina,
<date id="FFA481C8234050264945FAC9FD0A7D57" box="[585,663,1308,1332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" value="1949-09">ix 1949</date>
│ Sutter &amp; Wegner’.
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234050264874FAC9FC3D7D57" box="[888,928,1308,1332]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, labelled: 9 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234050264F3EFAC9FBE17D57" box="[1074,1148,1308,1332]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
, print ‘[K. W.] Dammerman [leg.] │ O. Soemba │
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234050264AA6FAEEFE697D30" box="[426,500,1339,1363]" count="450" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="generic">450 M.</specimenCount>
│ Mao Marroe │
<date id="FFA481C82340502649A3FAE9FC997D30" box="[687,772,1339,1363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" value="1925-05">V. 1925</date>
’. All
<typeStatus id="54A119AA23405026483BFAE9FC057D37" box="[823,920,1340,1364]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
bear the label: 6 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234050264F57FAEEFB387D30" box="[1115,1189,1339,1363]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
, print ‘
<materialsCitation id="3B72AD55234050264FE4FAEEFCB77D11" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234050264FE4FAEEFAF67D30" box="[1256,1387,1339,1363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234050264E7DFAE9FA197D30" box="[1393,1412,1340,1363]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
│
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234050264BCBFA8FFE257D11" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,440,1370,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumbana">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234050264BCBFA8FFEA27D11" box="[199,319,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Nemophora</emphasis>
│
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234050264A51FA8FFE257D11" box="[349,440,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">sumbana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kozlov’ (all in
<collectionCode id="ED0B3FCD234050264955FA8FFD3A7D11" box="[601,679,1370,1394]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
) [examined]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234050264B9BFA75FEC17E0D" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234050264B9BFA75FEC17E0D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1440,2042]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234050264B9BFA75FE8F7DD9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1440,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234050264A16FA75FD967DD9" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[282,523,1440,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumbana">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234050264A16FA75FD967DD9" box="[282,523,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Nemophora sumbana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other species in the
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234050264884FA75FC707DD9" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[904,1005,1440,1466]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumbana">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234050264884FA75FC707DD9" box="[904,1005,1440,1466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">sumbana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by its large size, the extremely oblique external border of the basal field on the forewing (reaching the costa at 0.4 and the dorsum at 0.2 × FWL), the spot at the outer wing margin that does not reach the forewing apex, and relatively short labial palpi (0.3‒0.4 × vertical eye diameter). In male genitalia,
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B23405026496DF9D8FD7A7E45" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[609,743,1548,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumbana">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A23405026496DF9D8FD7A7E45" box="[609,743,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">N. sumbana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2340502648BCF9D8FBEB7E45" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[944,1142,1548,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbronitidella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2340502648BCF9D8FBEB7E45" box="[944,1142,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">N. umbronitidella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234050264F89F9D9FB727E45" box="[1157,1263,1548,1574]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
), from which it differs by the smaller medial process of the transtilla, the shape of the anellus, and the relatively thick and straight tip of the phallus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234050204BCBF9ADFD8E7ACA" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234050204BCBF9ADFCA87906" blockId="2.[151,1437,1440,2042]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,753]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234050264BCBF9ADFEC47EF1" bold="true" box="[199,345,1656,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Description.</emphasis>
Male (
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234050264AA7F9ADFE737EF1" box="[427,494,1656,1682]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). FWL
<quantity id="4CE20AED234050264946F9ADFD497EF1" box="[586,724,1656,1683]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="6.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" unit="mm" value="7.05" valueMax="7.5" valueMin="6.6">6.6‒7.5 mm</quantity>
, WLR 0.35‒0.40. Vertex bright ochreous; frons glossy golden. PLB 0.3‒0.4 × vertical eye diameter, ochreous brown, with sparse raised ochreous brown piliform scales. Proboscis light brown, base anterolaterally with dense tuft of long and wide dark brown scales. Eyes enlarged, but not touching each other; interocular index 1.3‒1.5; occipital distance 0.05‒0.10. Antenna 3.0‒3.9 × FWL. Scape and basal 5‒8 flagellomeres ochreous brown, dorsally slightly thickened by ochreous scales; then colour of flagellum sharply changes to dark coppery brown, with irregular white marks on lateral sides of some flagellomeres; these marks never form complete rings. At about middle of flagellum its colour steadily changes to bronze, and apical 5‒15 flagellomeres are white in some specimens. Tegulae and thorax brown to bronze; tegulae with brassy green tint. Forewing (
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234050264A18F84DFEC47FD1" box="[276,345,1944,1970]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,747,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-223@5.[151,1437,741,1512]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Forewing pattern of Nemophora spp. 9, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.; 10, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 11, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 12, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.; 13, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 14, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) bronze, with ochreous pattern. Basal field with three glossy bronze longitudinal stripes; costal silver stripe reaches 0.30–0.35 × FWL; external border of basal field oblique, reaching costa at 0.4 and dorsum at 0.2 × FWL. Oblique band next to basal field of about same width at costa and dorsum, of same ochreous colour as forewing base, except for narrow glossy bronze marginal lines. Oblique ochreous band linking costa with outer wing margin bordered by dotted narrow line of dark brown scales; its dorsal part extends along outer wing margin only towards wing base. Bronze background of distal part of forewing suffused with yellow scales, which form diffuse spot along external border of oblique ochreous band. Fringe bronze. Hindwing brown, with coppery tint; costal area yellowish grey; fringe brown. Legs glossy bronze to yellow; apices of tibiae and all tarsomeres brown. Epiphysis at 0.55, not reaching apex of tibia. Abdomen brown to bronze.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF65F780234150274B9BF8FDFC137F97" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" startId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" targetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234150274B9BF8FDFC137F97" blockId="3.[151,1436,1832,2037]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234150274B9BF8FDFEA07F22" bold="true" box="[151,317,1832,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">FIGURES 1–8.</emphasis>
Adults of
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234150274AA3F8FCFDF37F22" box="[431,622,1833,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-1">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234150274AA3F8FCFDBA7F22" box="[431,551,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">Nemophora</emphasis>
spp. 1
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234150274970F8FCFCD17F22" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[636,844,1833,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumbana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234150274970F8FCFD6A7F22" box="[636,759,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">N. sumbana</emphasis>
Kozlov
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234150274854F8FCFC377F22" bold="true" box="[856,938,1833,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC661234150274854F8FCFC377F22" box="[856,938,1833,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2,
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234150274A13F898FE747F06" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[287,489,1869,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234150274A13F898FE0A7F06" box="[287,407,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">N. timorella</emphasis>
Kozlov
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234150274AFEF898FDDC7F06" bold="true" box="[498,577,1869,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC661234150274AFEF898FDDC7F06" box="[498,577,1869,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3,
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234150274F35F898FAA07F06" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[1081,1341,1869,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbronitidella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234150274F35F898FB717F06" box="[1081,1260,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">N. umbronitidella</emphasis>
Kozlov
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234150274E4AF898FA087F06" bold="true" box="[1350,1429,1869,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC661234150274E4AF898FA087F06" box="[1350,1429,1869,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5,
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234150274FBDF8A4FAE97FEA" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[1201,1396,1905,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wegneri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234150274FBDF8A4FABC7FEB" box="[1201,1313,1905,1928]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">N. wegneri</emphasis>
Kozlov
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234150274E72F8A4FF5E7FCE" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC661234150274E72F8A4FF5E7FCE" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7,
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234150274A13F86CFDAE7FB2" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[287,563,1977,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipeniculella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234150274A13F86CFE7C7FB2" box="[287,481,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">N. longipeniculella</emphasis>
Kozlov
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234150274930F86CFD117FB2" bold="true" box="[572,652,1977,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC661234150274930F86CFD117FB2" box="[572,652,1977,2001]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8,
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234150274F8AF86CFA047FB2" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[1158,1433,1977,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipeniculella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234150274F8AF86CFADA7FB2" box="[1158,1351,1977,2001]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">N. brevipeniculella</emphasis>
Kozlov
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234150274B9BF808FF757F96" bold="true" box="[151,232,2013,2037]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC661234150274B9BF808FF757F96" box="[151,232,2013,2037]" pageId="3" pageNumber="114" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234650204BCBFEBAFE0C79EA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,753]" box="[199,401,367,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Female unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234650204BCBFE46FD8E7ACA" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">
Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234650204A8CFE46FE4A79CE" box="[384,471,402,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1598]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,404,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[151,1436,404,1551]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15–18. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 15, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.; 16, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 17, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 18, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.; a: genital complex, ventral view (right valva not shown); b: genital complex, lateral view; c: juxta; d: phallus, ventral view; e: phallus, lateral view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). Tegumen dome-shaped, with small medial ridge. Socii 1.6 × medial diameter of phallus. Vinculum 2.8 × length of valva, with slightly convex lateral margins and nearly straight distal margin with small medial protuberance. Tips of valvae at about same level as tip of tegumen. Ventral margin of valva with small lobe at 0.5 × total length; dorsal valvar margin almost straight; tip of valva rounded. Valvae fused basally up to 0.3 × total length; internal valvar margins indistinct. Anellus 0.25 × length of valva. Transtilla with small triangular medial process. Juxta 0.55 × length of phallus, anchor-shaped; arrow head extremely wide (WLR 1.3), with rounded tip and pointed lateral arms. Phallus 0.90‒0.95 × length of vinculum, in lateral view gently S-shaped; base of phallus narrowly bell-shaped, tip pointed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234650204BCBFD67FD1E7AAE" box="[199,643,690,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234650204BCBFD67FD1E7AAE" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,753]" box="[199,643,690,717]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234650204BCBFD67FEFC7AAF" bold="true" box="[199,353,690,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30DE798234650204A6BFD66FE4A7AAE" box="[359,471,691,717]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, Sumba Island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234650204BCBFD02FC7B7A92" box="[199,998,727,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234650204BCBFD02FC7B7A92" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,753]" box="[199,998,727,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234650204BCBFD02FED37A92" bold="true" box="[199,334,727,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named after the
<typeStatus id="54A119AA2346502049A1FD02FD407A92" box="[685,733,727,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">type</typeStatus>
locality, Sumba Island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

291
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<mods:title id="5B3243021000DD504F344E6CAE3895A5">Description of six new species forming the sumbana species group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae) from the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234450224B9BF906FE707E8D" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,493,1747,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wegneri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234450224B9BF906FE137E8E" bold="true" box="[151,398,1747,1774]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Nemophora wegneri</emphasis>
Kozlov
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,
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<subSubSection id="C300F483234450224B9BF8CEFEFB7F55" box="[151,358,1819,1846]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234450224B9BF8CEFEFB7F55" blockId="6.[151,972,1747,1846]" box="[151,358,1819,1846]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
(
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234450224B93F8CEFE967F56" box="[159,267,1819,1846]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Figs. 5, 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234450224A1BF8C9FEA87F55" box="[279,309,1820,1846]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,747,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-223@5.[151,1437,741,1512]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Forewing pattern of Nemophora spp. 9, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.; 10, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 11, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 12, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.; 13, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 14, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="117">12</figureCitation>
,
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)
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<materialsCitation id="3B72AD55234450224B9BF8B5FF6A7FF4" country="Indonesia" latitude="-9.974999" location="Sumba Island" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="120.5125" municipality="Mao Marroe" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54A119AA234450224B9BF8B5FF677F1B" box="[151,250,1888,1912]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234450224BF3F8B5FE887F14" box="[255,277,1888,1911]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F30DE798234450224A12F8B5FE1E7F1B" box="[286,387,1888,1912]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
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,
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(approx.
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,
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); labelled:
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circle with red border, print
</materialsCitation>
‘
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│ type’; 9 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234450224AC1F8AAFD8A7FF5" box="[461,535,1919,1943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
, print ‘[K. W.] Dammerman [leg.]│ O. Soemba │
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234450224F2CF8ABFBF67FF5" box="[1056,1131,1918,1942]" count="450" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="generic">450 M.</specimenCount>
│ Mao Marroe │
<date id="FFA481C8234450224E26F8AAFAE27FF5" box="[1322,1407,1918,1942]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" value="1925-05">V. 1925</date>
’; 6 ×
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, print ‘
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<typeStatus id="54A119AA234450224A67F848FE687FD6" box="[363,501,1949,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234450224AF0F84BFD927FD6" box="[508,527,1950,1973]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
│
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234450224922F848FC8A7FD6" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[558,791,1949,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wegneri">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234450224922F848FD3B7FD6" box="[558,678,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Nemophora</emphasis>
│
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2344502249C9F84BFC8A7FD6" box="[709,791,1950,1973]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">wegneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kozlov’ (
<collectionCode id="ED0B3FCD234450224877F848FC577FD6" box="[891,970,1949,1973]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
) [examined]
</materialsCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234450224F54F848FB597FD6" bold="true" box="[1112,1220,1949,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234450224F54F848FB597FD6" box="[1112,1220,1949,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234450224FDEF848FB657FD6" box="[1234,1272,1949,1973]" count="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="male">5 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234450224FF2F848FAB87FD6" box="[1278,1317,1949,1973]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
, labelled:
<quantity id="4CE20AED234450224E9CF848FF737FB0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
circle with yellow border, print ‘
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234450224931F869FDEA7FB7" box="[573,631,1980,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="paratype">Para-</typeStatus>
│ type’; 6 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED23445022480DF869FCD67FB0" box="[769,843,1980,2004]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
, print ‘W. Sumba,
<quantity id="4CE20AED234450224F07F869FBD17FB0" box="[1035,1100,1980,2004]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
│ Pogobina,
<date id="FFA481C8234450224FD4F869FABB7FB7" box="[1240,1318,1980,2004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" value="1949-09">ix 1949</date>
│ Sutter &amp; Wegner’.
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234450224A27F80FFECF7F91" box="[299,338,2010,2034]" count="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="male">6 ♂</specimenCount>
, labelled: 6 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234450224AD3F80EFDB57F91" box="[479,552,2011,2035]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
, print ‘W. Sumba,
<quantity id="4CE20AED2344502249E8F80FFCBE7F91" box="[740,803,2010,2034]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
│ Pogobina,
<date id="FFA481C82344502248A0F80EFC657F90" box="[940,1016,2011,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" value="1949-09">ix 1949</date>
│ Sutter &amp; Wegner’.
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234450224FD8F80EFB667F91" box="[1236,1275,2011,2035]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, labelled:
<quantity id="4CE20AED234450224E6EF80EFA017F91" box="[1378,1436,2011,2035]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
circle with yellow border, print ‘
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234550234900FF42FDDB78CC" box="[524,582,151,175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" type="paratype">Para-</typeStatus>
│ type’; 7 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED2345502349C1FF42FC8A78CD" box="[717,791,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
, print ‘C. Sumba,
<quantity id="4CE20AED2345502348DCFF43FBB478CD" box="[976,1065,150,174]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.52" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.04" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="252.0" valueMax="500.0" valueMin="4.0">4‒500 m</quantity>
│ Lindi Watju │
<date id="FFA481C8234550234FD3FF43FA1978CD" box="[1247,1412,150,174]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" value="1949-09-27" valueMax="1949-10-15" valueMin="1949-09-27">27.ix‒15.x.1949</date>
│ Sutter &amp; Wegner’. All
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234550234AA1FF63FD9378AD" box="[429,526,182,206]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
bear the label: 6 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED2345502349DDFF60FC8778AE" box="[721,794,181,205]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
, print ‘
<materialsCitation id="3B72AD55234550234852FF60FE46788F" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Indonesia" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234550234852FF60FC7C78AE" box="[862,993,181,205]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C812345502348EBFF63FC6778AE" box="[999,1018,182,205]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
[or
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234550234F2FFF63FBA878AE" box="[1059,1077,182,205]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
] │
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234550234F51FF60FAD878AE" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[1117,1349,181,208]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wegneri">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234550234F51FF60FB4878AE" box="[1117,1237,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Nemophora</emphasis>
│
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234550234FFFFF63FAD878AE" box="[1267,1349,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">wegneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kozlov’ (all in
<collectionCode id="ED0B3FCD234550234A05FF01FECA788F" box="[265,343,212,236]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
) [examined]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234550234B9BFECFFB62791E" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234550234B9BFECFFB62791E" blockId="7.[151,1437,282,381]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234550234B9BFECFFE977957" bold="true" box="[151,266,282,308]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234550234A14FECFFE607957" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[280,509,282,308]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wegneri">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234550234A14FECFFE607957" box="[280,509,282,308]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Nemophora wegneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2345502349C7FECEFC0C7957" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[715,913,282,308]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbronitidella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2345502349C7FECEFC0C7957" box="[715,913,282,308]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">N. umbronitidella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D2345502348ACFECFFB967957" box="[928,1035,282,308]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
), from which it differs by the bright yellow posterior margin of the otherwise dark brown metathorax (in males only), shorter male antennae, dark brown scape, and a long phallus (1.1 × length of the vinculum) with a prominent ventral lobe near the apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF65F780234550234B9BF9F3FB537EE5" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" startId="7.[151,264,1574,1598]" targetBox="[160,1436,404,1551]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234550234B9BF9F3FB537EE5" blockId="7.[151,1437,1574,1671]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234550234B9BF9F3FECE7E5D" bold="true" box="[151,339,1574,1598]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">FIGURES 15–18.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234550234906F9F2FD2C7E5D" box="[522,689,1575,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234550234906F9F2FD1F7E5C" box="[522,642,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Nemophora</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
15,
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2345502349D7F9F2FC387E5C" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[731,933,1575,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sumbana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2345502349D7F9F2FCCE7E5C" box="[731,851,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">N. sumbana</emphasis>
Kozlov
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2345502348A2F9F2FC637E5C" bold="true" box="[942,1022,1575,1599]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC6612345502348A2F9F2FC637E5C" box="[942,1022,1575,1599]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; 16,
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234550234F3CF9F2FB677E5C" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[1072,1274,1575,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234550234F3CF9F2FB347E5C" box="[1072,1193,1575,1599]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">N. timorella</emphasis>
Kozlov
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234550234E0FF9F2FACE7E5C" bold="true" box="[1283,1363,1575,1599]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC661234550234E0FF9F2FACE7E5C" box="[1283,1363,1575,1599]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; 17,
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234550234E89F9F2FE1D7E00" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbronitidella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234550234E89F9F2FEB07E00" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">N. umbronitidella</emphasis>
Kozlov
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234550234A86F99EFE467E00" bold="true" box="[394,475,1611,1635]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC661234550234A86F99EFE467E00" box="[394,475,1611,1635]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; 18,
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B23455023491CF99EFD4E7E00" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[528,723,1611,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wegneri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A23455023491CF99EFD1D7E01" box="[528,640,1611,1634]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">N. wegneri</emphasis>
Kozlov
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2345502349D1F99EFCB37E00" bold="true" box="[733,814,1611,1635]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC6612345502349D1F99EFCB37E00" box="[733,814,1611,1635]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
; a: genital complex, ventral view (right valva not shown); b: genital complex, lateral view; c: juxta; d: phallus, ventral view; e: phallus, lateral view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C300F4832345502C4BCBF90CFC1F7BC6" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA5A7082345502C4BCBF90CFB287996" blockId="7.[151,1437,1753,2031]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,1149]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234550234BCBF90CFECC7E90" bold="true" box="[199,337,1753,1779]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Description</emphasis>
. Male (
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234550234AA9F90CFE7A7E97" box="[421,487,1753,1780]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). FWL
<quantity id="4CE20AED234550234936F90CFD5C7E90" box="[570,705,1753,1780]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="5.6" valueMax="5.9" valueMin="5.3">5.3‒5.9 mm</quantity>
, WLR 0.36‒0.42. Vertex with dark brown to brown piliform scales along occipital margin and above antennal sockets, and pale yellow scales between compound eyes; frons glossy golden. PLB 0.45‒0.55 × vertical eye diameter, ochreous brown, with sparse raised dark brown scales. Proboscis light brown, base laterally with bronze to coppery bronze scales which, however, do not form a tuft. Eyes enlarged, occipitally closely approaching; interocular index 1.15‒1.35; occipital distance 0.05‒0.15.Antenna 2.9‒3.5 × FWL. Scape dark brown, ventrally in some specimens with a few yellow scales; basal 0.6‒0.7 of flagellum with alternating rings of dark brown and white scales; apical part of flagellum silver to white. Tegulae dark brown with bronze tint; thorax dark brown, except for bright yellow posterior margin of mesothorax. Forewing (
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234550234F62F800FB227F8C" box="[1134,1215,2005,2031]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,747,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-223@5.[151,1437,741,1512]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Forewing pattern of Nemophora spp. 9, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.; 10, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 11, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 12, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.; 13, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 14, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) bright yellow with ochreous pattern. Basal field with two glossy golden longitudinal stripes; costal margin dark brown; external border oblique, reaching costa at 0.35 and dorsum at 0.25 × FWL. Oblique stripe next to basal field at costa narrower than at dorsum (0.13 vs. 0.22 × FWL, respectively), ochreous, clearly contrasting yellow colour of forewing base, except for narrow glossy bronze lines preceding dark brown margins. Transverse band and oblique band linking costa with outer wing margin bright yellow, bordered near wing margins by dotted narrow lines of dark brown scales and in medial zone of forewing by narrow glossy golden lines; yellow spot expands along outer wing margin up to wing apex. Bronze background of distal part of forewing suffused with ochreous scales forming compact spot along external border of oblique ochreous band. Fringe bronze, with few ochreous scales forming dotted marginal line. Hindwing brown, with coppery tint; costal area grey; fringe brown. Legs glossy bronze to yellow; apices of tibiae and all tarsomeres brown. Epiphysis at 0.5, reaching apex of tibia. Abdomen brown to bronze.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234A502C4BCBFE2AFD847AE6" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
Female (
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234A502C4A25FE2AFEF37A7A" box="[297,366,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). FWL 5.0‒6.0 mm. Antenna 1.5‒1.6 × FWL, basal 0.30‒0.35 of flagellum dorsally with dense cover of raised scales forming very thick brush, which is ochreous yellow except for tip where its colour turns to dark brown; distal part of flagellum dark bronze, with irregular markings of white scales. Tegulae and thorax bright yellow. Otherwise similar to male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234A502C4BCBFD5AFC1F7BC6" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234A502C4A70FD5AFE4C7ACA" box="[380,465,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1598]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,404,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[151,1436,404,1551]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15–18. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 15, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.; 16, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 17, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 18, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.; a: genital complex, ventral view (right valva not shown); b: genital complex, lateral view; c: juxta; d: phallus, ventral view; e: phallus, lateral view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). Tegumen dome-shaped, with small medial ridge. Socii oval, 1.2 × medial diameter of phallus. Vinculum 2.6‒2.7 × length of valva, with slightly convex lateral margins and gently W-shaped distal margin. Tips of valvae at about same level as tip of tegumen. Ventral margin of valva with small lobe at 0.6 × total length; dorsal valvar margin almost straight; tip of valva pointed. Valvae fused basally up to 0.3 × total length and also fused to vinculum; internal valvar margins indistinct. Anellus 0.3 × length of valva. Transtilla with wide triangular medial process. Juxta 0.55 × length of phallus; arrow head triangular, extremely wide (WLR 1.3), with pointed tip and pointed lateral arms. Phallus 1.1 × length of vinculum, in lateral view gently S-shaped; tip pointed, with prominent ventral lobe; base of phallus narrowly bell-shaped.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234A502C4BCBFC7BFD1E7BAA" box="[199,643,942,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="distribution">
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<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234A502C4BCBFC7BFEC47BAB" bold="true" box="[199,345,942,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Distribution</emphasis>
.
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, Sumba Island.
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<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234A502C4BCBFC06FED57B8E" bold="true" box="[199,328,979,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Etymology</emphasis>
. The species is named in honour of A. M. R. Wegner, a former director of the Zoological Museum in Bogor,
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, a renowned insect collector, and a well-known specialist on the fauna of the Tengger Mountains, who collected most of the specimens of this species.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234A502C4BCBFBEBFED27C3B" bold="true" box="[199,335,1086,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Comments.</emphasis>
The coordinates of the
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locality (Mao Marroe) were identified using a map published by
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.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<mods:title id="C70F6C3345B95EA50DAA098356735030">Description of six new species forming the sumbana species group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae) from the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234650204B9BFC97FE677B3E" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,506,834,861]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234650204B9BFC97FE067B3E" bold="true" box="[151,411,834,861]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Nemophora timorella</emphasis>
Kozlov
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,
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(
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234650204B93FC5EFF727BC6" box="[159,239,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234650204BF7FC5EFE847BC6" box="[251,281,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,747,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-223@5.[151,1437,741,1512]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Forewing pattern of Nemophora spp. 9, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.; 10, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 11, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 12, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.; 13, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 14, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="115">10</figureCitation>
,
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,
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)
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:
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(approx.
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circle with red border, print
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‘
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│ type’; 9 ×
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│ XI.‒XII. │ Doherty, 1891 │ No. 41708’; 8 ×
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, print
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‘
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│
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<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234650204ACDFBFEFDA47C20" box="[449,569,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Nemophora</emphasis>
│
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A23465020495AFBFEFD2F7C20" box="[598,690,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">timorella</emphasis>
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Kozlov’ (
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) [examined]
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.
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circle with yellow border, print ‘
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│ type’; 9 ×
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│ XI.‒XII. │ Doherty, 1891 │ No. 417**’ [** = 03, 04, 06, 07, 09‒16, 18, 19; specimen no. 41718 has additional label: 11 ×
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, pencil ‘timurensis’]; 8 ×
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, print ‘Walsingham │ Collection │ 1910‒427’; 6 ×
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, print ‘
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<typeStatus id="54A119AA234650204F65FB52FB717CFC" box="[1129,1260,1159,1183]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234650204FFEFB5DFA987CFC" box="[1266,1285,1160,1183]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
│
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234650204E29FB52FEA67CDD" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234650204E29FB52FA007CFC" box="[1317,1437,1159,1183]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Nemophora</emphasis>
│
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234650204BD3FB73FEA67CDD" box="[223,315,1190,1214]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">timorella</emphasis>
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Kozlov’ (all in
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) [examined]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234650204B9BFB39FE997DBD" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234650204B9BFB39FE997DBD" blockId="4.[151,1437,1260,2043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234650204B9BFB39FE977D65" bold="true" box="[151,266,1260,1286]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234650204A14FB39FD947D65" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[280,521,1260,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234650204A14FB39FD947D65" box="[280,521,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Nemophora timorella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2346502049D4FB38FC037D65" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[728,926,1260,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbronitidella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2346502049D4FB38FC037D65" box="[728,926,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">N. umbronitidella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D2346502048A1FB39FB857D65" box="[941,1048,1260,1286]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
), from which differs by its smaller size (FWL 4.3‒5.0 mm), the pale yellowish brown basal field of the forewing, the nearly perpendicular external border of the basal field relative to the wing margins, a longer vinculum, the tips of the valvae slightly extending beyond the tip of the tegumen, a medial indentation in the fused basal parts of the valvae, and the triangular shape of the arrow head of the juxta. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2346502049AAFAA8FCE27DF5" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[678,895,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipeniculella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2346502049AAFAA8FCE27DF5" box="[678,895,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">N. longipeniculella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D23465020489CFAA9FC487DF5" box="[912,981,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234650204F1BFAA8FB737DF5" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[1047,1262,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipeniculella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234650204F1BFAA8FB737DF5" box="[1047,1262,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">N. brevipeniculella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234650204FF3FAA9FADE7DF5" box="[1279,1347,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) by the presence of two longitudinal silver stripes with brilliant iridescence in the dark ochreous brown basal field of the forewing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234650214BCBFA3DFC9D7A5E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234650214BCBFA3DFE9C789A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1260,2043]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,717]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234650204BCBFA3DFECC7E61" bold="true" box="[199,337,1512,1538]" pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Description</emphasis>
. Male (
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234650204AABFA3DFE717E61" box="[423,492,1512,1538]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). FWL 4.3‒5.0 mm, WLR 0.37‒0.39. Vertex light brown; frons with iridescent silver to light golden scales, and with row of pale ochreous brown piliform scales below antennal sockets. PLB 0.5‒0.6 × vertical eye diameter (1.3‒1.6 × length of scape), brown. Proboscis brown, base covered with dark coppery brown semi-erect elongated scales, forming small tuft. Eyes enlarged, occipitally closely approaching, with rounded dorsal margins; interocular index 1.3‒1.6, occipital distance 0.05‒0.07. Antenna 3.4‒3.9 × FWL. Scape ochreous brown, flagellum bronze, basal 20‒30 flagellomeres with rings of white scales, which gradually disappear towards apex. Tegulae and thorax light ochreous brown, with slight coppery tint on external margins of tegulae. Forewing (
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234650204E63F915FF297E9D" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,747,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-223@5.[151,1437,741,1512]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Forewing pattern of Nemophora spp. 9, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.; 10, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 11, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 12, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.; 13, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 14, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="115">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) bronze, with pale yellow basal field reaching costa at 0.35 and dorsum at 0.40 × FWL, ochreous yellow medial band, and oblique yellow band linking costa with outer wing margin. Basal field with two longitudinal glossy silver stripes with slight brilliant iridescence; lower stripe very narrow.Yellow medial band with sinuate margins, medially suffused with ochreous scales; on both sides bordered by narrow lines of dark brown scales. Bronze background of distal part of forewing suffused with ochreous scales, except for costal area near apex that is entirely bronze. Oblique yellow band, linking costa with outer wing margin, bordered by narrow line of dark brown scales; at outer wing margin it expands between veins M1 and CuA1 and is suffused with dark brown scales. Some of dark brown scales all over forewing show brilliant iridescence. Fringe bronze. Hindwing brown with coppery iridescence; costal area grey; anal field semitranslucent; fringe brown to light brown. Legs bronze; bases of all tarsomeres light yellow. Epiphysis at 0.6, reaching apex of tibia. Abdomen coppery brown dorsally, brown with bronze iridescence ventrally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234750214BCBFED6FE0C797E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[199,401,259,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Female unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234750214BCBFEF2FC9D7A5E" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234750214A77FEF2FE467922" box="[379,475,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1598]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,404,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[151,1436,404,1551]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15–18. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 15, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.; 16, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 17, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 18, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.; a: genital complex, ventral view (right valva not shown); b: genital complex, lateral view; c: juxta; d: phallus, ventral view; e: phallus, lateral view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Figs. 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234750214AE5FEF2FD957922" box="[489,520,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–20" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,955,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-312@9.[151,1436,955,1785]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 19–20. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 19, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia, genitalia preparation 29981 (NHM); 20, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., holotype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, genitalia preparation 29492 (NHM); a: genital complex, ventral view; b: phallus; c: apex of phallus; d: juxta. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (valid for a, b and d only)." pageId="5" pageNumber="116">19</figureCitation>
). Tegumen onion-shaped. Socii 1.6‒1.8 × medial diameter of phallus. Vinculum 2.7 × length of valva, with straight lateral margins and slightly convex distal margin. Tips of valvae slightly extend beyond tip of tegumen. Ventral margin of valva medially with small lobe at 0.4 × total length; dorsal margin straight; tip of valva narrowly rounded. Valvae fused basally up to 0.2 × total length; internal margins not visible. Fused parts of valvae between ventral margins with distinct medial indentation. Anellus 0.35 × length of valva. Transtilla with wide triangular medial process. Juxta 0.6 × length of phallus; arrow head triangular, extremely wide (WLR 1.3), with pointed tip and short pointed lateral arms. Phallus 0.9 × length of vinculum, in lateral view shallowly C-shaped; tip narrow, hook-shaped; base narrowly funnel-shaped.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234750214BCBFD93FDE77A02" box="[199,634,582,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234750214BCBFD93FDE77A02" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[199,634,582,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234750214BCBFD93FEC47A03" bold="true" box="[199,345,582,608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F30DE798234750214A6BFD92FE4A7A02" box="[359,471,583,609]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, Timor Island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234750214BCBFDBEFC437AE6" box="[199,990,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234750214BCBFDBEFC437AE6" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,717]" box="[199,990,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234750214BCBFDBEFED57AE6" bold="true" box="[199,328,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Etymology</emphasis>
. The species is named after the
<typeStatus id="54A119AA2347502149A3FDBEFD427AE6" box="[687,735,619,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">type</typeStatus>
locality, Timor Island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234750214BCBFD5BFD8A7AAE" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234750214BCBFD5BFD8A7AAE" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234750214BCBFD5BFED27ACB" bold="true" box="[199,335,654,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Comments.</emphasis>
Although Walsingham clearly labelled
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234750214801FD5AFCEE7ACA" box="[781,883,655,681]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
specimen as the
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234750214F39FD5AFBF87ACA" box="[1077,1125,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">type</typeStatus>
of a proposed new species, he never published its description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="A1BD621678803F077CEBCED25C952388">Description of six new species forming the sumbana species group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae) from the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234750214B9BF967FDDC7EAE" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,577,1714,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbronitidella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234750214B9BF967FE7C7EAE" bold="true" box="[151,481,1714,1741]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Nemophora umbronitidella</emphasis>
Kozlov
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC661234750214942F966FD367EAE" box="[590,683,1715,1741]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234750214B9BF903FC447E92" blockId="5.[151,985,1714,1813]" box="[151,985,1750,1777]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<uri id="FF8BAB0A234750214B9BF903FC447E92" box="[151,985,1750,1777]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFBC9DDD234750214AA5F903FC447E92" box="[425,985,1750,1777]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">9FAB7629-54B3-4DA0-AEA5-ED6B83500DB4</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234750214B9BF92EFE127F76" box="[151,399,1787,1813]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234750214B9BF92EFE127F76" blockId="5.[151,985,1714,1813]" box="[151,399,1787,1813]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
(
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234750214B93F92EFE967F76" box="[159,267,1787,1813]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234750214A1BF92EFEA97F76" box="[279,308,1787,1813]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,747,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-223@5.[151,1437,741,1512]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Forewing pattern of Nemophora spp. 9, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.; 10, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 11, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 12, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.; 13, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 14, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="116">11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234750214A4CF92EFEC37F76" box="[320,350,1787,1813]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1598]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,404,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[151,1436,404,1551]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15–18. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 15, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.; 16, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 17, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 18, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.; a: genital complex, ventral view (right valva not shown); b: genital complex, lateral view; c: juxta; d: phallus, ventral view; e: phallus, lateral view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="116">17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234750214A66F92EFE1A7F76" box="[362,391,1787,1813]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–20" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,955,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-312@9.[151,1436,955,1785]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 19–20. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 19, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia, genitalia preparation 29981 (NHM); 20, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., holotype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, genitalia preparation 29492 (NHM); a: genital complex, ventral view; b: phallus; c: apex of phallus; d: juxta. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (valid for a, b and d only)." pageId="5" pageNumber="116">20</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234750224B9BF8EAFABD794A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234750224B9BF8EAFABD794A" blockId="5.[151,1437,1855,2035]" lastBlockId="6.[199,1436,150,300]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<materialsCitation id="3B72AD55234750214B9BF8EAFB677F34" box="[151,1274,1855,1879]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-8.333333" location="Sumbawa Island" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="118.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234750214B9BF8EAFF677F34" bold="true" box="[151,250,1855,1879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234750214B9BF8EAFF677F34" box="[151,250,1855,1879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234750214A0CF895FE8B7F34" box="[256,278,1856,1879]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F30DE798234750214A13F8EAFE197F34" box="[287,388,1855,1879]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8EC5F1D3234750214A82F8EAFDAB7F34" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B3161E234750224B9BF967FD8A7EE2:8EC5F1D3234750214A82F8EAFDAB7F34" box="[398,566,1855,1879]" country="Indonesia" latitude="-8.333333" longLatPrecision="0" longitude="118.0" name="Sumbawa Island" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Sumbawa Island</location>
(approx.
<geoCoordinate id="EE2EC1CF23475021499BF8EAFD7A7F34" box="[663,743,1855,1879]" degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" precision="925" value="-8.333333">8º 20’ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2EC1CF2347502149FDF8EAFCAB7F34" box="[753,822,1855,1879]" degrees="118" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" precision="55555" value="118.0">118º E</geoCoordinate>
); labelled:
<quantity id="4CE20AED2347502148AAF8EAFC427F34" box="[934,991,1855,1879]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
circle with red border, print
</materialsCitation>
‘
<materialsCitation id="3B72AD55234750214E08F8EAFB737FD0" country="Indonesia" county="Typ" elevation="1295" location="Doherty" municipality="Collection" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Holo-">
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234750214E08F8EAFAD97F34" box="[1284,1348,1855,1879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="holotype">Holo-</typeStatus>
│ type’; 9 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234750214BE2F88BFEAA7F16" box="[238,311,1886,1910]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
, print + black ink ‘SAMBAWA [=Sumbawa Island], │
<quantity id="4CE20AED23475021486AF88BFC6B7F15" box="[870,1014,1886,1910]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2954" metricValueMax="1.6764" metricValueMin="0.9144" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" unit="ft" value="4250.0" valueMax="5500.0" valueMin="3000.0">
<elevation id="0037403B23475021486AF88BFC6B7F15" box="[870,1014,1886,1910]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2954" metricValueMax="1.6764" metricValueMin="0.9144" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" unit="ft" value="4250.0" valueMax="5500.0" valueMin="3000.0">3000‒5500 ft.</elevation>
</quantity>
, │ (virgin forest), │
<location id="8EC5F1D3234750214FC5F88BFA807F15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B3161E234750224B9BF967FD8A7EE2:8EC5F1D3234750214FC5F88BFA807F15" box="[1225,1309,1886,1910]" country="Indonesia" county="Typ" municipality="Collection" name="Doherty" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Doherty</location>
, 1891. │
<location id="8EC5F1D3234750214E71F88BFA017F16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B3161E234750224B9BF967FD8A7EE2:8EC5F1D3234750214E71F88BFA017F16" box="[1405,1436,1886,1909]" country="Indonesia" county="Typ" municipality="Collection" name="No" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">No</location>
40729’; 8 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234750214A4DF8A8FE177FF7" box="[321,394,1917,1941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, print ‘
<location id="8EC5F1D3234750214AC0F8A9FDD27FF7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B3161E234750224B9BF967FD8A7EE2:8EC5F1D3234750214AC0F8A9FDD27FF7" box="[460,591,1916,1940]" country="Indonesia" county="Typ" municipality="Collection" name="Walsingham" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Walsingham</location>
│
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC13D72234750214960F8A9FD4B7FF7" box="[620,726,1916,1940]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Collection</collectingMunicipality>
│ 1910‒427’; 7 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED23475021489EF8A8FC467FF7" box="[914,987,1917,1941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
, black frame, black ink ‘
<collectingCounty id="62C4DF84234750214FC1F8A8FB647FF6" box="[1229,1273,1917,1941]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Typ</collectingCounty>
│ umbreonitida
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234750214BCBF849FF477FD0" box="[199,218,1948,1971]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
│ W │ Named by Wlsm. ’; 9 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234750214928F84EFDF37FD0" box="[548,622,1947,1971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
, print ‘B. M. │ Genitalia slide │ No. 29492’; 6 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234750214F66F84EFB297FD0" box="[1130,1204,1947,1971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
, print
</materialsCitation>
‘
<materialsCitation id="3B72AD55234750214FF4F84EFCA47FB1" collectionCode="NHM" country="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234750214FF4F84EFA1F7FD0" box="[1272,1410,1947,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234750214E85F849FA017FD0" box="[1417,1436,1948,1971]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
│
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234750214BEDF86FFD927FB1" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[225,527,1978,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbronitidella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234750214BEDF86FFEC47FB1" box="[225,345,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Nemophora</emphasis>
│
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234750214A75F86FFD927FB1" box="[377,527,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">umbronitidella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kozlov’ (
<collectionCode id="ED0B3FCD23475021497AF86FFD297FB1" box="[630,692,1978,2002]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
) [examined]
</materialsCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A23475021484FF86FFC327FB1" bold="true" box="[835,943,1978,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
<typeStatus id="54A119AA23475021484FF86FFC327FB1" box="[835,943,1978,2002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C812347502148B2F86FFC7A7FB2" box="[958,999,1978,2002]" count="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
, labelled:
<quantity id="4CE20AED234750214F5DF86FFB117FB2" box="[1105,1164,1978,2002]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
circle with yellow border, print ‘
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234750214A0EF80CFEA17F92" box="[258,316,2009,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="paratype">Para-</typeStatus>
│ type’; 9 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234750214AC5F80CFD8E7F93" box="[457,531,2009,2033]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
, print + black ink ‘SAMBAWA, │
<quantity id="4CE20AED23475021488CF80DFB8F7F93" box="[896,1042,2008,2032]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2954" metricValueMax="1.6764" metricValueMin="0.9144" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" unit="ft" value="4250.0" valueMax="5500.0" valueMin="3000.0">3000‒5500 ft.</quantity>
, │ (virgin forest), │ Doherty, 1891. │ No 40730 [or 40731]’; 8 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234450224AE8FF42FDB278CD" box="[484,559,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, print ‘Walsingham │ Collection │ 1910‒427.’; 6 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234450224F5FFF42FB0378CD" box="[1107,1182,151,175]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
, print ‘
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234450224FE9FF42FAF578CC" box="[1253,1384,151,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234450224E63FF42FA1F78CD" box="[1391,1410,151,174]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
│
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234450224BCBFF60FE6B78AE" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,502,181,208]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbronitidella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234450224BCBFF60FEA278AE" box="[199,319,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Nemophora</emphasis>
│
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234450224A6CFF60FE6B78AE" box="[352,502,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">umbronitidella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kozlov’.
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234450224953FF60FD1A78AE" box="[607,647,181,205]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, labelled:
<quantity id="4CE20AED2344502249F8FF60FCB278AE" box="[756,815,181,205]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
circle with yellow border, print ‘
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234450224F88FF60FB2378AE" box="[1156,1214,181,205]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="paratype">Para-</typeStatus>
│ type’; 9 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234450224E41FF60FA0578AE" box="[1357,1432,181,205]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
, print + black ink ‘SAMBAWA, │
<quantity id="4CE20AED23445022493FFF01FD5B788F" box="[563,710,212,236]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2954" metricValueMax="1.6764" metricValueMin="0.9144" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="ft" value="4250.0" valueMax="5500.0" valueMin="3000.0">3000‒5500 ft.</quantity>
, │ (virgin forest), │ Doherty, 1891. │ No 40732’; 8 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234450224E1FFF01FAC27888" box="[1299,1375,212,236]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, print ‘Walsingham │ Collection │ 1910‒427.’; 7 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED2344502249A8FF26FD737969" box="[676,750,243,267]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
, black frame, black ink ‘Typ │ umbreonitida
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234450224FCFFF26FB4B7969" box="[1219,1238,243,266]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
│ W. │ Named by Wlsm.’; 6 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234450224A4BFEC4FE0C794A" box="[327,401,273,297]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
, print ‘
<materialsCitation id="3B72AD55234450224AD9FEC4FA81794A" box="[469,1308,273,300]" collectionCode="NHM" country="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234450224AD9FEC4FDC5794A" box="[469,600,273,297]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234450224952FEC7FDEC794A" box="[606,625,274,297]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
│
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B23445022499CFEC4FC21794A" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[656,956,273,300]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbronitidella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A23445022499CFEC4FC95794A" box="[656,776,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Nemophora</emphasis>
│
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A23445022482AFEC4FC21794A" box="[806,956,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">umbronitidella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kozlov’ (all in
<collectionCode id="ED0B3FCD234450224F57FEC4FB05794A" box="[1115,1176,273,297]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
) [examined]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234450224B9BFE82FAEF7A62" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234450224B9BFE82FAEF7A62" blockId="6.[151,1437,343,1666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234450224B9BFE82FE8F7912" bold="true" box="[151,274,343,369]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234450224A16FE82FDD07912" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[282,589,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbronitidella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234450224A16FE82FDD07912" box="[282,589,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Nemophora umbronitidella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B23445022482AFE8DFC327912" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[806,943,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A23445022482AFE8DFC327912" box="[806,943,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">N. timorella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it differs by larger size (FWL
<quantity id="4CE20AED234450224B9BFEAEFEBE79F5" box="[151,291,379,406]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.45" metricValueMax="5.7" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="5.45" valueMax="5.7" valueMin="5.2">5.2‒5.7 mm</quantity>
), an oblique external border of the basal field of forewing, a shorter vinculum, the tip of the tegumen slightly extending beyond the tips of the valvae, a medial protuberance in the fused basal parts of the valvae and an anchor-shaped juxta. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234450224921FE11FC9979BE" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[557,772,451,477]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipeniculella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234450224921FE11FC9979BE" box="[557,772,451,477]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">N. longipeniculella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234450224818FE16FCCA79BD" box="[788,855,451,478]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B23445022489AFE11FBF179BE" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[918,1132,451,477]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipeniculella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A23445022489AFE11FBF179BE" box="[918,1132,451,477]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">N. brevipeniculella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234450224F70FE16FB2379BD" box="[1148,1214,451,478]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
) by the presence of two longitudinal silver stripes with brilliant iridescence in the dark ochreous brown basal field of the forewing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234450224BCBFDDEFCAB7DAE" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234450224BCBFDDEFB717C06" blockId="6.[151,1437,343,1666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234450224BCBFDDEFECC7A46" bold="true" box="[199,337,523,549]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Description</emphasis>
. Male (
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234450224AA2FDDEFE687A45" box="[430,501,523,550]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). FWL
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, WLR 0.35‒0.37. Vertex pale yellow above antennal sockets to ochreous brown along occipital margin; frons with iridescent silver to light golden scales through which brown colour of head capsule may be visible, and with row of pale ochreous yellow piliform scales below antennal sockets. PLB 0.5 × vertical eye diameter (0.8‒0.9 × length of scape), light brown. Proboscis brown, base densely covered with dark coppery brown semi-erect elongated scales, forming characteristic tuft. Eyes enlarged, occipitally closely approaching, with rounded dorsal margins; interocular index 1.3‒1.4, occipital distance 0.05‒0.07. Antenna 3.7‒4.1 × FWL. Scape yellow, flagellum coppery brown, basal 27‒32 flagellomeres with rings of white scales, which gradually disappear towards apex. Tegulae and thorax dark ochreous brown. Forewing (
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234450224F79FCD2FB587B41" box="[1141,1221,775,802]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,747,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-223@5.[151,1437,741,1512]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Forewing pattern of Nemophora spp. 9, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.; 10, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 11, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 12, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.; 13, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 14, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
) bronze, with dark ochreous brown basal field reaching costa at 0.35 and dorsum at 0.30 × FWL, ochreous yellow medial band, and oblique yellow band linking costa with outer wing margin. Basal field with two longitudinal glossy silver stripes with slight brilliant iridescence; lower stripe very narrow. Ochreous yellow medial band with sinuate margins, on both sides bordered by narrow lines of dark brown scales. Bronze background of distal part of forewing suffused with yellow scales. Oblique yellow band linking costa with outer wing margin bordered by narrow line of dark brown scales; at outer margin it expands between veins RS4 and CuA2 and is suffused with brown scales. Some of dark brown scales all over forewing show brilliant iridescence. Fringe bronze. Hindwing brown with coppery iridescence; costal area grey; anal field semitranslucent; fringe brown to light brown. Legs bronze; bases of all tarsomeres white to light yellow. Epiphysis at 0.65, reaching apex of tibia. Abdomen brown with bronze iridescence.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234450224BCBFBBAFDB27CCE" blockId="6.[151,1437,343,1666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
Female (
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234450224A24FBBAFEF17CE9" box="[296,364,1135,1162]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). FWL
<quantity id="4CE20AED234450224AB3FBBAFD8B7CE9" box="[447,534,1135,1162]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
. Base of antenna thickened by appressed dark brown scales (distal part of antenna missing). Otherwise similar to male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234450224BCBFB62FCAB7DAE" blockId="6.[151,1437,343,1666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234450224A70FB62FE417CB1" box="[380,476,1207,1234]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1574,1598]" captionTargetBox="[160,1436,404,1551]" captionTargetId="figure-120@7.[151,1436,404,1551]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15–18. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 15, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.; 16, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 17, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 18, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.; a: genital complex, ventral view (right valva not shown); b: genital complex, lateral view; c: juxta; d: phallus, ventral view; e: phallus, lateral view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234450224AE6FB6DFD977CB1" box="[490,522,1208,1234]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–20" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1809,1833]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,955,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-312@9.[151,1436,955,1785]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 19–20. Male genitalia of Nemophora spp. 19, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia, genitalia preparation 29981 (NHM); 20, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., holotype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, genitalia preparation 29492 (NHM); a: genital complex, ventral view; b: phallus; c: apex of phallus; d: juxta. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (valid for a, b and d only)." pageId="6" pageNumber="117">20</figureCitation>
). Tegumen onion-shaped. Socii 1.3 × medial diameter of phallus. Vinculum 2.2 × length of valva, with straight lateral margins and slightly convex distal margin. Tip of tegumen slightly extends beyond tips of valvae. Ventral margin of valva with small lobe at 0.55 × total length; dorsal margin straight; tip of valva narrowly rounded. Valvae fused basally up to 0.4 × total length; internal margins not visible. Fused parts of valvae between ventral margins with distinct triangular protuberance. Anellus 0.2 × length of valva. Transtilla with wide triangular medial process. Juxta 0.55 × length of phallus; arrow head anchor-shaped, extremely wide (WLR 1.1), with widely rounded tip and long pointed lateral arms. Phallus 0.95 × length of vinculum, in lateral view shallowly C-shaped; tip narrow, base widely funnel-shaped.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234450224BCBFA02FD397D92" box="[199,676,1495,1522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234450224BCBFA02FD397D92" blockId="6.[151,1437,343,1666]" box="[199,676,1495,1522]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234450224BCBFA02FEC47D92" bold="true" box="[199,345,1495,1521]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F30DE798234450224A6BFA02FE4A7D92" box="[359,471,1495,1521]" name="Indonesia" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, Sumbawa Island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234450224BCBFA29FDE57E5A" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234450224BCBFA29FDE57E5A" blockId="6.[151,1437,343,1666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234450224BCBFA29FED57E75" bold="true" box="[199,328,1532,1558]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific epithet is derived from umbro (Latin: shade) and nitidus (Latin: bright, shining) and refers to the diagnostic trait of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234450224BCBF996FD8A7EE2" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234450224BCBF996FD8A7EE2" blockId="6.[151,1437,343,1666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234450224BCBF996FED57E3E" bold="true" box="[199,328,1603,1629]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Comments</emphasis>
. Although Walsingham clearly labelled
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C8123445022480EF991FCFB7E3E" box="[770,870,1603,1630]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234450224895F991FB8E7E3E" box="[921,1043,1603,1630]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
as
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of a proposed new species, he never published its description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="4CCA2673E3DC185E1DF9964DC36733BB">Description of six new species forming the sumbana species group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae) from the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234A502C4B9BFB1BFDCC7C8A" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,593,1230,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipeniculella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234A502C4B9BFB1BFE6F7C8A" bold="true" box="[151,498,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Nemophora longipeniculella</emphasis>
Kozlov
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,
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<paragraph id="8BA5A708234A502C4B9BFAC2FEBD7D52" blockId="8.[151,965,1230,1329]" box="[151,288,1303,1329]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
(
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234A502C4B93FAC2FF727D52" box="[159,239,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
,
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)
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234A502C4B9BFA8EFF677D10" bold="true" box="[151,250,1371,1395]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234A502C4B9BFA8EFF677D10" box="[151,250,1371,1395]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234A502C4A0DFA89FE8B7D10" box="[257,278,1372,1395]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
:
<collectingCountry id="F30DE798234A502C4A2FFA8EFE157D10" box="[291,392,1371,1395]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
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(approx.
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,
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); labelled:
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circle with red border, print
</materialsCitation>
‘
<materialsCitation id="3B72AD55234A502C4FE0FA8EFA017DF1" country="Indonesia" location="Collection" municipality="Walsingham" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bali" typeStatus="Holo-">
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234A502C4FE0FA8EFAB17D10" box="[1260,1324,1371,1395]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="holotype">Holo-</typeStatus>
│ type’; 7 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234A502C4BD2FAAFFEB47DF2" box="[222,297,1402,1426]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
, print ‘
<collectingRegion id="49DE69EA234A502C4A7DFAAFFE2C7DF1" box="[369,433,1402,1426]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">BALI</collectingRegion>
│ Doherty. 1896’; 8 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234A502C49A5FAAFFD697DF2" box="[681,756,1402,1426]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, print ‘
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC13D72234A502C4830FAAFFC227DF1" box="[828,959,1402,1426]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Walsingham</collectingMunicipality>
│
<location id="8EC5F1D3234A502C48EDFAAFFBD67DF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B3161E234A502D4B9BFB1BFD887996:8EC5F1D3234A502C48EDFAAFFBD67DF1" box="[993,1099,1402,1426]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Walsingham" name="Collection" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" stateProvince="Bali">Collection</location>
│ 1910‒427’; 6 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234A502C4E19FAAFFAFD7DF2" box="[1301,1376,1402,1426]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
, print
</materialsCitation>
‘
<materialsCitation id="3B72AD55234A502C4BC7FA4CFC6F7DD3" box="[203,1010,1432,1459]" collectionCode="NHM" country="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Bali" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234A502C4BC7FA4CFEC87DD2" box="[203,341,1433,1457]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234A502C4A56FA4CFEF07DD3" box="[346,365,1433,1456]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
│
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234A502C4A85FA4DFDDE7DD3" box="[393,579,1432,1456]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234A502C4A85FA4DFD9C7DD3" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1798" box="[393,513,1432,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nemophora</taxonomicName>
longi-
</emphasis>
│
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234A502C4952FA4DFD527DD3" box="[606,719,1432,1456]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">peniculella</emphasis>
Kozlov’ (
<collectionCode id="ED0B3FCD234A502C483DFA4CFCF27DD2" box="[817,879,1433,1457]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
) [examined]
</materialsCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234A502C48F6FA4CFBC17DD2" bold="true" box="[1018,1116,1433,1457]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234A502C48F6FA4CFBC17DD2" box="[1018,1116,1433,1457]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234A502C4F64FA4CFB117DD3" box="[1128,1164,1433,1457]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, labelled:
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circle with yellow border, print ‘
<materialsCitation id="3B72AD55234A502C4A94FA62FD917D8D" country="Indonesia" location="Collection" municipality="Walsingham" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bali" typeStatus="Para-">
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234A502C4A94FA62FE4F7DAC" box="[408,466,1463,1487]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="paratype">Para-</typeStatus>
│ type’; 7 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234A502C4959FA62FD037DAC" box="[597,670,1463,1487]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
, print ‘
<collectingRegion id="49DE69EA234A502C49EDFA62FCBC7DAC" box="[737,801,1463,1487]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">BALI</collectingRegion>
│ Doherty. 1896’; 8 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234A502C4F04FA62FBCC7DAC" box="[1032,1105,1463,1487]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, print ‘
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC13D72234A502C4F9FFA62FA8B7DAC" box="[1171,1302,1463,1487]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Walsingham</collectingMunicipality>
│
<location id="8EC5F1D3234A502C4E3FFA62FA007DAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B3161E234A502D4B9BFB1BFD887996:8EC5F1D3234A502C4E3FFA62FA007DAC" box="[1331,1437,1463,1487]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Walsingham" name="Collection" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" stateProvince="Bali">Collection</location>
│ 1910‒427.’; 6 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234A502C4A85FA03FE4F7D8E" box="[393,466,1494,1518]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
, print
</materialsCitation>
‘
<materialsCitation id="3B72AD55234A502C491AFA03FADC7D8D" box="[534,1345,1494,1520]" collectionCode="NHM" country="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Bali" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234A502C491AFA03FD047D8D" box="[534,665,1494,1518]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234A502C4993FA03FD2F7D8E" box="[671,690,1494,1517]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
│
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234A502C49DDFA03FC117D8D" box="[721,908,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234A502C49DDFA03FCD47D8D" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1798" box="[721,841,1494,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nemophora</taxonomicName>
longi-
</emphasis>
│
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234A502C48A6FA03FB867D8D" box="[938,1051,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">peniculella</emphasis>
Kozlov’ (
<collectionCode id="ED0B3FCD234A502C4F73FA03FB207D8D" box="[1151,1213,1494,1518]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
) [examined]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234A502C4B9BF9C9FAEE7EA5" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234A502C4B9BF9C9FAEE7EA5" blockId="8.[151,1437,1564,2023]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234A502C4B9BF9C9FE977E55" bold="true" box="[151,266,1564,1590]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234A502C4A17F9C9FDC27E55" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[283,607,1564,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipeniculella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234A502C4A17F9C9FDC27E55" box="[283,607,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Nemophora longipeniculella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234A502C4831F9C8FB887E55" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[829,1045,1564,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipeniculella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234A502C4831F9C8FB887E55" box="[829,1045,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">N. brevipeniculella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234A502C4F2BF9C9FBF07E55" box="[1063,1133,1564,1590]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
), from which it differs by the longer (almost equal to the forewing length) part of the female antenna thickened with dark brown scales, the ochreous yellow scales suffusing the bronze band adjacent to the forewing base, the ochreous scales at the forewing apex, and the unusually long epiphysis articulated at 0.25 of the total length of tibia and reaching its apex. It differs from females of
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234A502C4A5DF978FD8A7EA5" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[337,535,1708,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbronitidella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234A502C4A5DF978FD8A7EA5" box="[337,535,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">N. umbronitidella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234A502C492AF979FDF77EA5" box="[550,618,1708,1734]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) by the yellow forewing base (females of
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234A502C4F4FF978FB577EA5" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[1091,1226,1708,1734]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234A502C4F4FF978FB577EA5" box="[1091,1226,1708,1734]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">N. timorella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unknown).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234A502D4BCBF905FCBE79EA" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234A502C4BCBF905FD8D7E89" blockId="8.[151,1437,1564,2023]" box="[199,528,1744,1771]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234A502C4BCBF905FECC7E89" bold="true" box="[199,337,1744,1770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Description</emphasis>
. Male unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234A502D4BCBF921FCBE79EA" blockId="8.[151,1437,1564,2023]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
Female (
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234A502C4A26F921FEED7F6D" box="[298,368,1780,1806]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). FWL
<quantity id="4CE20AED234A502C4AC4F921FDCE7F6C" box="[456,595,1780,1807]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="5.1" valueMin="4.9">4.9‒5.1 mm</quantity>
, WLR 0.35. Vertex and frons brown. PLB 1.0‒1.1 × vertical eye diameter (1.0‒1.1 × length of scape), brown. Proboscis brown, base covered with dark coppery brown semi-erect elongated scales forming small tuft.Antenna&gt;1.3 × FWL. Scape and basal part of flagellum dark coppery brown, dorsolaterally thickened by semi-erect dark brown scales; brush formed by these scales reaches 0.95 × FWL; flagellum grey beyond this brush. Tegulae and thorax ochreous yellow to yellow. Forewing (
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234A502C4F06F851FBC17FFD" box="[1034,1116,1924,1950]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,747,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-223@5.[151,1437,741,1512]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Forewing pattern of Nemophora spp. 9, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.; 10, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 11, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 12, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.; 13, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 14, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) ochreous brown, with pale yellow basal field expanding to 0.4 × FWL at both costa and dorsum, pale yellow medial band, and oblique yellow band linking costa with outer wing margin. Basal spot reduced to dark line along costa; forewing base separated from bronze background by interrupted line of coppery brown scales. Pale yellow medial band with straight internal margin and sinuate external margin, on both sides bordered by interrupted lines of coppery brown scales. Oblique yellow band linking costa with outer wing margin bordered by sparse coppery brown scales; this band expands into wide spot along outer margin. Costal part of forewing bronze near apex. Fringe brown. Hindwing dark brown with coppery iridescence; costal area yellowish grey; fringe brown to light brown. Legs coppery brown to bronze; bases of all tarsomeres light yellow. Epiphysis at 0.25, unusually long, reaching apex of tibia. Abdomen dorsally ochreous brown, ventrally bronze at base to coppery brown at apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234B502D4BCBFE47FDF979CE" box="[199,612,402,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234B502D4BCBFE47FDF979CE" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,501]" box="[199,612,402,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234B502D4BCBFE47FEFC79CF" bold="true" box="[199,353,402,428]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30DE798234B502D4A6BFE46FE4A79CE" box="[359,471,403,429]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49DE69EA234B502D4AEEFE46FD8C79CE" box="[482,529,403,429]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Bali</collectingRegion>
Island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F483234B502D4BCBFE62FD887996" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA5A708234B502D4BCBFE62FD887996" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234B502D4BCBFE62FED579B2" bold="true" box="[199,328,439,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific epithet is derived from longus (Latin: long) and peniculus (Latin: brush) and refers to the diagnostic trait of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

298
data/03/B3/16/03B3161E234B502E4B9BFD93FECE7D52.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
<document id="2DD12FD477BB97A347B458CA5CF81752" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5543.1.6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-ZooBank="F220768D-2EC2-4ECC-8DE8-7097F1BFA633" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1733917555798" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kozlov, Mikhail V." docDate="2024" docId="03B3161E234B502E4B9BFD93FECE7D52" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5543.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5543 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5543.1.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Nemophora brevipeniculella Kozlov 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="121" masterDocId="FF8A6E66234250244B0CFFD5FF9D7863" masterDocTitle="Description of six new species forming the sumbana species group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae) from the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia" masterLastPageNumber="122" masterPageNumber="111" pageNumber="120" updateTime="1733917642556" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C95A10BE464A37B3F10F87EB9A270BBE">Description of six new species forming the sumbana species group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae) from the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7706F23181055D589BDAB264D7C1B160">Kozlov, Mikhail V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9003C82E83AD9D498FA4F21BC5645D19">2024</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234B502D4B9BFD93FD277A02" bold="true" box="[151,698,582,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234B502D4B9BFD93FDD27A02" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,591,582,609]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipeniculella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234B502D4B9BFD93FE6D7A02" bold="true" box="[151,496,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Nemophora brevipeniculella</emphasis>
Kozlov
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC661234B502D4950FD92FD277A02" box="[604,698,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BA5A708234B502D4B9BFD5AFEBC7ACA" blockId="9.[151,968,582,681]" box="[151,289,655,681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
(
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234B502D4B93FD5AFF737ACA" box="[159,238,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D234B502D4BF7FD5AFE857ACA" box="[251,280,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,747,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-223@5.[151,1437,741,1512]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Forewing pattern of Nemophora spp. 9, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.; 10, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 11, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 12, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.; 13, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 14, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="120">14</figureCitation>
)
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<typeStatus id="54A119AA234B502D4B9BFD06FF677A88" box="[151,250,723,747]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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,
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(approx.
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,
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); labelled:
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circle with red border, print
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‘
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│ type’; 9 ×
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, print + black ink ‘S. W. TIMUR [=Timor Island] │
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│ XI.‒XII. │
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, 1891 │ No. 41721’; 8 ×
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, print ‘
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│
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│ 1910‒427.’; 9 ×
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, black ink ‘didesma │
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type’; 6 ×
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, print
</materialsCitation>
‘
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<typeStatus id="54A119AA234B502D4BC7FCFAFEC87B24" box="[203,341,815,839]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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│
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<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234B502D4A9DFCFAFD947B24" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1798" box="[401,521,815,839]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nemophora</taxonomicName>
brevi-
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│
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234B502D4961FCFAFD437B24" box="[621,734,815,839]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">peniculella</emphasis>
Kozlov’ (
<collectionCode id="ED0B3FCD234B502D4849FCFAFC1E7B24" box="[837,899,815,839]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
) [examined]
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.
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<typeStatus id="54A119AA234B502D4F1FFCFAFBE27B24" box="[1043,1151,815,839]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<specimenCount id="9D1C6C81234B502D4F81FCFAFB297B24" box="[1165,1204,815,839]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
, labelled:
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circle with yellow border, print ‘
<typeStatus id="54A119AA234B502D4AD4FC9BFD8F7B05" box="[472,530,846,870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="paratype">Para-</typeStatus>
│ type’; 9 ×
<quantity id="4CE20AED234B502D49AAFC9BFD6F7B06" box="[678,754,846,870]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
, print + black ink ‘S. W. TIMUR │
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│ XI.‒XII. │ Doherty, 1891 │ No. 41717 or 41720]’; 8 ×
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, print ‘Walsingham │ Collection │ 1910‒427.’; 6 ×
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, print ‘
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│
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<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234B502D4A89FC5EFE607BC0" authorityName="Hoffmannsegg" authorityYear="1798" box="[389,509,907,931]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nemophora</taxonomicName>
brevi-
</emphasis>
│
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234B502D4951FC5EFD537BC0" box="[605,718,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">peniculella</emphasis>
Kozlov’ (both in
<collectionCode id="ED0B3FCD234B502D488EFC5EFC227BC0" box="[898,959,907,931]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
) [examined]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234B502D4B9BF8C4FECE7F4A" bold="true" box="[151,339,1809,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">FIGURES 19–20.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234B502D4906F8C4FD2C7F4A" box="[522,689,1809,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234B502D4906F8C4FD1F7F4A" box="[522,642,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Nemophora</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
19,
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<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234B502D49D7F8C7FCC97F4A" box="[731,852,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">N. timorella</emphasis>
Kozlov
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234B502D48A2F8C4FC637F4A" bold="true" box="[942,1022,1809,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC661234B502D48A2F8C4FC637F4A" box="[942,1022,1809,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia, genitalia preparation 29981 (NHM); 20,
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B234B502D4947F8E3FCC77F2E" authority="Kozlov" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[587,858,1845,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbronitidella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234B502D4947F8E3FC9E7F2E" box="[587,771,1845,1869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">N. umbronitidella</emphasis>
Kozlov
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A234B502D4864F8E0FC207F2E" bold="true" box="[872,957,1845,1869]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25DC661234B502D4864F8E0FC207F2E" box="[872,957,1845,1869]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, genitalia preparation 29492 (NHM); a: genital complex, ventral view; b: phallus; c: apex of phallus; d: juxta. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (valid for a, b and d only).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C300F4832348502E4B9BFF43FAA87922" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA5A7082348502E4B9BFF43FAA87922" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E4B9BFF43FE9778D3" bold="true" box="[151,266,150,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2348502E4A15FF42FDC478D2" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[281,601,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipeniculella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E4A15FF42FDC478D2" box="[281,601,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Nemophora brevipeniculella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2348502E4827FF42FB9F78D2" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[811,1026,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipeniculella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E4827FF42FB9F78D2" box="[811,1026,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">N. longipeniculella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it differs by the shorter (0.8 × forewing length) part of the female antenna thickened with dark brown scales, the dark brown scales densely suffusing the bronze band adjacent to the forewing base, the brown scales at the forewing apex, and the typical size of the epiphysis, which is articulated at 0.5 of the total length of tibia and does not reach its apex. It differs from females of
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2348502E4A18FEF2FE447922" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[276,473,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbronitidella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E4A18FEF2FE447922" box="[276,473,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">N. umbronitidella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D2348502E4AE5FEF2FDB17922" box="[489,556,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) by the yellow forewing base (females of
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2348502E4F0AFEF2FB117922" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[1030,1164,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E4F0AFEF2FB117922" box="[1030,1164,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">N. timorella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unknown).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F4832348502E4BCBFE9FFC787BC6" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA5A7082348502E4BCBFE9FFD8D7906" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1329]" box="[199,528,330,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E4BCBFE9FFECC7907" bold="true" box="[199,337,330,356]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Description</emphasis>
. Male unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5A7082348502E4BCBFEBAFC787BC6" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
Female (
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D2348502E4A25FEBAFEF379EA" box="[297,366,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[183,1404,179,1806]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora spp. 1, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 2, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Timor Island, Indonesia; 3, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov., male, paratype, from Sumbawa Island, Indonesia; 4, ditto, female, paratype, from the same locality; 5, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov., male, holotype, from Mao Marroe, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 6, ditto, female, paratype, from Pogobina, Sumba Island, Indonesia; 7, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, paratype, from Bali Island, Indonesia; 8, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov., female, holotype, from Timor Island, Indonesia. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). FWL 4.7‒5.0 mm, WLR 0.33‒0.38. Vertex brown; frons with iridescent silver to light golden scales, and with row of brown piliform scales below antennal sockets. PLB 0.9‒1.0 × vertical eye diameter (1.0 × length of scape), brown. Proboscis brown, base covered with dark coppery brown semi-erect elongated scales, forming small tuft. Antenna 2.0 × FWL. Scape and basal part of flagellum dark brown, dorsolaterally thickened by semi-erect dark brown scales; brush formed by these scales reaches 0.8 × FWL. Flagellum bronze beyond this brush; 10‒15 flagellomeres next to brush with white rings. Tegulae and thorax yellow. Forewing (
<figureCitation id="1321BB8D2348502E4F73FDF6FB527A5E" box="[1151,1231,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–14" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,747,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-223@5.[151,1437,741,1512]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–14. Forewing pattern of Nemophora spp. 9, N. sumbana Kozlov, sp. nov.; 10, N. timorella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 11, N. umbronitidella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 12, N. wegneri Kozlov, sp. nov.; 13, N. longipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov.; 14, N. brevipeniculella Kozlov, sp. nov. Scale bar: 2 mm." pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
) bronze, with pale yellow basal field expanding to 0.3 × FWL at both costa and dorsum, pale yellow medial band, and oblique yellow band linking costa with outer wing margin. Basal spot dark brown, connected with dark brown band separating yellow forewing base from bronze background of distal part of forewing. Pale yellow medial band almost straight, on both sides bordered by dark brown bands. Bronze field between basal field and fascia medially densely suffused with dark brown scales. Oblique yellow band linking costa with outer wing margin bordered by dark brown scales; irregular spot along outer wing margin dark brown, sparsely suffused with ochreous brown scales. Costal part of forewing bronze near apex. Fringe brown. Hindwing dark brown with coppery iridescence; costal area light yellow; fringe brown to light brown. Legs coppery brown to bronze; bases of all tarsomeres light yellow. Epiphysis at 0.5, not reaching apex of tibia. Abdomen dorsally brown with coppery iridescence, ventrally bronze except terminal sternite which is coppery brown; lateral parts of tergites with yellow scales.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F4832348502E4BCBFC7BFDE77BAA" box="[199,634,942,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA5A7082348502E4BCBFC7BFDE77BAA" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1329]" box="[199,634,942,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E4BCBFC7BFEFC7BAB" bold="true" box="[199,353,942,968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30DE7982348502E4A6BFC7AFE4A7BAA" box="[359,471,943,969]" name="Indonesia" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, Timor Island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F4832348502E4BCBFC06FD887C72" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA5A7082348502E4BCBFC06FD887C72" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E4BCBFC06FED57B8E" bold="true" box="[199,328,979,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific epithet is derived from brevis (Latin: short) and peniculus (Latin: brush) and refers to the diagnostic trait of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C300F4832348502E4BCBFBCFFECE7D52" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA5A7082348502E4BCBFBCFFEA07C3A" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E4BCBFBCFFED57C57" bold="true" box="[199,328,1050,1076]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">Comments</emphasis>
. Although Walsingham clearly labelled the
<typeStatus id="54A119AA2348502E483CFBCEFC0F7C56" box="[816,914,1051,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of a proposed new species, he never published its description.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA5A7082348502E4BCBFBB6FECE7D52" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">
The females of
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2348502E4A78FBB6FDD47C1E" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[372,585,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipeniculella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E4A78FBB6FDD47C1E" box="[372,585,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">N. brevipeniculella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected from the same locality as the males of
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2348502E4FADFBB6FABA7C1E" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[1185,1319,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E4FADFBB6FABA7C1E" box="[1185,1319,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">N. timorella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although the males of
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2348502E4A3EFB52FD967CC2" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[306,523,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipeniculella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E4A3EFB52FD967CC2" box="[306,523,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">N. brevipeniculella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the females of
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2348502E49F4FB52FC1F7CC2" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[760,898,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E49F4FB52FC1F7CC2" box="[760,898,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">N. timorella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remain unknown, I have opted to describe
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2348502E4E8FFB52FED17CA6" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipeniculella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E4E8FFB52FED17CA6" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">N. brevipeniculella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a separate species rather than consider these specimens as females of
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2348502E4F78FB7EFB677CA6" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[1140,1274,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E4F78FB7EFB677CA6" box="[1140,1274,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">N. timorella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This decision is primarily based on the lack of sexual dimorphism in wing coloration, as well as in the position and length of the epiphysis in both
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2348502E4AB4FB26FD1F7D6E" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[440,642,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbronitidella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E4AB4FB26FD1F7D6E" box="[440,642,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">N. umbronitidella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2348502E49CCFB26FCA37D6F" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[704,830,1267,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wegneri">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E49CCFB26FCA37D6F" box="[704,830,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">N. wegneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, species closely related to both
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2348502E4FB6FB26FAD87D6E" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" box="[1210,1349,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timorella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E4FB6FB26FAD87D6E" box="[1210,1349,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">N. timorella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1ADC8B2348502E4E8FFB26FED17D52" authorityName="Kozlov" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Adelidae" genus="Nemophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="121" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipeniculella">
<emphasis id="B96E7B1A2348502E4E8FFB26FED17D52" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="121">N. brevipeniculella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

301
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@ -1,71 +1,91 @@
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<mods:title id="853EDC09E3CF2E36ECDCCAEAAE7A6F3C">New species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) of the families Philosciidae and Scleropactidae from Brazilian caves</mods:title> <mods:title id="059089E60F9DF97DC73CE1F561B704E2">New species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) of the families Philosciidae and Scleropactidae from Brazilian caves</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="09B69712A2042C25698C6B4F927EA397">Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares</mods:namePart> <mods:namePart id="06FFB3E6030455643D5D28FC686B4B3C">Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6D0D547C2444FFF04DBD07C4A76B66E6">Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Gestão de Recursos Naturais, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário, 58429 - 140 Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F6CF747BC682CF341CB160FF8AD89152" type="email">ivanklin.filho@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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– –
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<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC96AD65DFEDEFA15FE0766A2" box="[327,462,1508,1534]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> <collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC96AD65DFEDEFA15FE0766A2" box="[327,462,1508,1534]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pará State</collectingRegion>
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC96AD65DFEDEFA15FE4A66A2" box="[327,387,1508,1534]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pará</collectingRegion> ,
State <collectingMunicipality id="0957ACD4C96AD65DFE44FA15FD4966A2" box="[477,640,1508,1534]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Parauapebas</collectingMunicipality>
</collectingRegion>
, Parauapebas
</emphasis> </emphasis>
• •
<specimenCount id="FF8AFD27C96AD65DFD04FA15FD2866A2" box="[669,737,1508,1534]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">6 ♀♀</specimenCount> <specimenCount id="FF8AFD27C96AD65DFD04FA15FD2866A2" box="[669,737,1508,1534]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">6 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, 2 juvs; ,
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC96AD65DFCD5FA15FC4666A2" box="[844,911,1508,1534]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gruta</collectingRegion> <specimenCount id="FF8AFD27C96AD65DFD6BFA15FCF666A2" box="[754,831,1508,1534]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2 juvs</specimenCount>
N4E77 ; Gruta N4E77 Cave;
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC96AD65DFC6CFA15FBFC66A2" box="[1013,1077,1508,1534]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cave</collectingRegion>
;
<geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFBDBFA15FB0F66A2" box="[1090,1222,1508,1534]" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-6.0325003">6°01′57″ S</geoCoordinate> <geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFBDBFA15FB0F66A2" box="[1090,1222,1508,1534]" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-6.0325003">6°01′57″ S</geoCoordinate>
, ,
<geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFB4DFA15FABB66A2" box="[1236,1394,1508,1534]" degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="02" value="-50.15056">50°09′02″ W</geoCoordinate> <geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFB4DFA15FABB66A2" box="[1236,1394,1508,1534]" degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="02" value="-50.15056">50°09′02″ W</geoCoordinate>
; ;
<date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFF24F9F9FE48657E" box="[189,385,1544,1570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2010-01-13" valueMax="2010-01-30" valueMin="2010-01-13"> <date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFF24F9F9FE48657E" box="[189,385,1544,1570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2010-01-13" valueMax="2010-01-30" valueMin="2010-01-13">
<collectingDate id="8D76E986C96AD65DFF24F9F9FE48657E" box="[189,385,1544,1570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2010-01-13" valueMax="2010-01-30" valueMin="2010-01-13">
13– 13–
<date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFF71F9F9FEF5657E" box="[232,316,1544,1570]" day="30" month="01" monthName="Jan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1930">30 Jan.</date> <date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFF71F9F9FEF5657E" box="[232,316,1544,1570]" day="30" month="01" monthName="Jan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1930">30 Jan.</date>
2010 2010
</collectingDate>
</date> </date>
; ;
<collectionCode id="8F9DAE6BC96AD65DFE14F9F9FE6D657E" box="[397,420,1544,1570]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R</collectionCode> <collectorName id="44795378C96AD65DFE14F9F9FDDA657E" box="[397,531,1544,1570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. Andrade</collectorName>
. leg.;
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC96AD65DFE37F9F9FD8D657E" box="[430,580,1544,1570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Andrade leg</collectingRegion> </materialsCitation>
.; <materialsCitation id="59E43CF3C96AD65DFDCDF9F9FE766519" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2570397891" collectingDate="2010-11-19" collectingDateMax="2010-12-04" collectingDateMin="2010-11-19" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" latitude="-6.0325003" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-50.15056" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="MZUSP 39671, MZUSP 39672" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Para State">
<materialsCitation id="59E43CF3C96AD65DFDCDF9F9FE726519" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2570397891" collectingDate="2010-01-13" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" latitude="-6.0325003" longitude="-50.15056" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Para State"> <specimenCode id="B92A9ED5C96AD65DFDCDF9F9FCCC657E" box="[596,773,1544,1570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MZUSP 39671</specimenCode>
<collectionCode id="8F9DAE6BC96AD65DFDCDF9F9FD7C657E" box="[596,693,1544,1570]" collectionName="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MZUSP</collectionCode> •
39671 • <specimenCount id="FF8AFD27C96AD65DFC87F9F9FC83657E" box="[798,842,1544,1570]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="FF8AFD27C96AD65DFC87F9F9FC83657E" box="[798,842,1544,1570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount> ; Gruta N4E78 Cave;
;
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC96AD65DFCC0F9F9FC55657E" box="[857,924,1544,1570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gruta</collectingRegion>
N4E78
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC96AD65DFC64F9F9FBF4657E" box="[1021,1085,1544,1570]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cave</collectingRegion>
;
<geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFBD0F9F9FB03657E" box="[1097,1226,1544,1570]" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-6.0325003">6°01′57″ S</geoCoordinate> <geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFBD0F9F9FB03657E" box="[1097,1226,1544,1570]" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-6.0325003">6°01′57″ S</geoCoordinate>
, ,
<geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFB4EF9F9FABB657E" box="[1239,1394,1544,1570]" degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="04" value="-50.15111">50°09′04″ W</geoCoordinate> <geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFB4EF9F9FABB657E" box="[1239,1394,1544,1570]" degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="04" value="-50.15111">50°09′04″ W</geoCoordinate>
; ;
<date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFF24F9DAFE726519" box="[189,443,1579,1605]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2010-11-19" valueMax="2010-12-04" valueMin="2010-11-19"> <date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFF24F9DAFE726519" box="[189,443,1579,1605]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2010-11-19" valueMax="2010-12-04" valueMin="2010-11-19">
<date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFF24F9DAFEBF6519" box="[189,374,1579,1605]" day="19" last_day="04" last_month="12" month="11" monthName="Nov" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> <collectingDate id="8D76E986C96AD65DFF24F9DAFE726519" box="[189,443,1579,1605]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2010-11-19" valueMax="2010-12-04" valueMin="2010-11-19">19 Nov.–4 Dec. 2010</collectingDate>
<date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFF24F9DAFEFE6519" box="[189,311,1579,1605]" day="04" month="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" partOrder="mdy" value="2019-11-04" year="2019">
<date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFF24F9DAFED36519" box="[189,282,1579,1605]" day="19" month="11" monthName="Nov" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2019">19 Nov.</date>
–
<date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFEB0F9DAFEFE6519" box="[297,311,1579,1605]" day="04" month="12" monthName="Dec" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" partOrder="dmy" value="2010-12-04" year="2010">4</date>
</date>
<date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFEA6F9DAFEBF6519" box="[319,374,1579,1605]" month="12" monthName="Dec" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2010">Dec.</date>
</date>
<date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFEE4F9DAFE726519" box="[381,443,1579,1605]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2010" year="2010">2010</date>
</date> </date>
;
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
; <materialsCitation id="59E43CF3C96AD65DFE5EF9DAFDCD6534" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2570397891" collectingDate="2010-11-19" collectingDateMax="2010-12-04" collectingDateMin="2010-11-19" collectionCode="R" collectorName="R. Andrade" country="Brazil" latitude="-6.0325003" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-50.15056" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="MZUSP 39671, MZUSP 39672" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Para State">
<materialsCitation id="59E43CF3C96AD65DFE5EF9DAFDCD6534" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2570397890" collectingDate="2010-01-13" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" latitude="-6.0325003" longitude="-50.15056" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Para State"> <specimenCode id="B92A9ED5C96AD65DFE5EF9DAFDB16519" box="[455,632,1579,1605]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MZUSP 39672</specimenCode>
<collectionCode id="8F9DAE6BC96AD65DFE5EF9DAFDE16519" box="[455,552,1579,1605]" collectionName="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MZUSP</collectionCode> •
39672 • <specimenCount id="FF8AFD27C96AD65DFD0BF9DAFD776519" box="[658,702,1579,1605]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="FF8AFD27C96AD65DFD0BF9DAFD776519" box="[658,702,1579,1605]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount> ; Gruta S11D-79 Cave;
;
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC96AD65DFD57F9DAFCD86519" box="[718,785,1579,1605]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gruta</collectingRegion>
S11D-79
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC96AD65DFC10F9DAFC006519" box="[905,969,1579,1605]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cave</collectingRegion>
;
<geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFC4CF9DAFB9F6519" box="[981,1110,1579,1605]" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="32" value="-6.392222">6°23′32″ S</geoCoordinate> <geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFC4CF9DAFB9F6519" box="[981,1110,1579,1605]" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="32" value="-6.392222">6°23′32″ S</geoCoordinate>
, ,
<geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFBFAF9DAFB376519" box="[1123,1278,1579,1605]" degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-50.315834">50°18′57″ W</geoCoordinate> <geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFBFAF9DAFB376519" box="[1123,1278,1579,1605]" degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-50.315834">50°18′57″ W</geoCoordinate>
; ;
<date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFA92F9DAFF326534" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2010-07-01" valueMax="2010-07-14" valueMin="2010-07-01">1–14 Jul. 2010</date> <date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFA92F9DAFF326534" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2010-07-01" valueMax="2010-07-14" valueMin="2010-07-01">
<collectingDate id="8D76E986C96AD65DFA92F9DAFF326534" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2010-07-01" valueMax="2010-07-14" valueMin="2010-07-01">1–14 Jul. 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
; leg. ; leg.
<collectionCode id="8F9DAE6BC96AD65DFED8F9BFFE916534" box="[321,344,1614,1640]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R</collectionCode> <collectorName id="44795378C96AD65DFED8F9BFFE036534" box="[321,458,1614,1640]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. Andrade</collectorName>
. leg.
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC96AD65DFEFCF9BFFE366534" box="[357,511,1614,1640]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Andrade leg</collectingRegion>
.
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
; ;
<materialsCitation id="59E43CF3C96AD65DFD8DF9BFFD8865D7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2570397886" collectingDate="2010-01-13" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" latitude="-6.0325003" longitude="-50.15056" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Para State"> <materialsCitation id="59E43CF3C96AD65DFD8DF9BFFD8865D7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2570397886" collectingDate="2010-01-13" collectingDateMax="2010-01-30" collectingDateMin="2010-01-13" collectionCode="R" collectorName="R. Andrade" country="Brazil" latitude="-6.0325003" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-50.15056" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="MZUSP 39673" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Para State">
<collectionCode id="8F9DAE6BC96AD65DFD8DF9BFFDBC6534" box="[532,629,1614,1640]" collectionName="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MZUSP</collectionCode> <specimenCode id="B92A9ED5C96AD65DFD8DF9BFFD006534" box="[532,713,1614,1640]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MZUSP 39673</specimenCode>
39673 • •
<specimenCount id="FF8AFD27C96AD65DFD70F9BFFCD06534" box="[745,793,1614,1640]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount> <specimenCount id="FF8AFD27C96AD65DFD70F9BFFCD06534" box="[745,793,1614,1640]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; ; Gruta S11D-33 Cave;
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC96AD65DFCB5F9BFFCA66534" box="[812,879,1614,1640]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gruta</collectingRegion>
S11D-33
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC96AD65DFC77F9BFFBE76534" box="[1006,1070,1614,1640]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cave</collectingRegion>
;
<geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFBA4F9BFFB0B6534" box="[1085,1218,1614,1640]" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-6.4108334">6°24′39″ S</geoCoordinate> <geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFBA4F9BFFB0B6534" box="[1085,1218,1614,1640]" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-6.4108334">6°24′39″ S</geoCoordinate>
, ,
<geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFB4AF9BFFABB6534" box="[1235,1394,1614,1640]" degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="37" value="-50.34361">50°20′37″ W</geoCoordinate> <geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFB4AF9BFFABB6534" box="[1235,1394,1614,1640]" degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="37" value="-50.34361">50°20′37″ W</geoCoordinate>
; ;
<date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFF24F980FEB665D7" box="[189,383,1649,1675]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2010-01-13" valueMax="2010-01-30" valueMin="2010-01-13"> <date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFF24F980FEB665D7" box="[189,383,1649,1675]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2010-01-13" valueMax="2010-01-30" valueMin="2010-01-13">
<date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFF24F980FEF265D7" box="[189,315,1649,1675]" day="13" last_day="30" month="01" monthName="Jan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" partOrder="dmy" value="2013-01-30" year="2013"> <collectingDate id="8D76E986C96AD65DFF24F980FEB665D7" box="[189,383,1649,1675]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2010-01-13" valueMax="2010-01-30" valueMin="2010-01-13">13–30 Jan. 2010</collectingDate>
13–
<date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFF71F980FEF265D7" box="[232,315,1649,1675]" day="30" month="01" monthName="Jan" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" partOrder="dmy" value="2010-01-30" year="1930">30 Jan.</date>
</date>
2010
</date> </date>
; ;
<collectionCode id="8F9DAE6BC96AD65DFE10F980FE6965D7" box="[393,416,1649,1675]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R</collectionCode> <collectorName id="44795378C96AD65DFE10F980FDC465D7" box="[393,525,1649,1675]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. Andrade</collectorName>
. leg.
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC96AD65DFE31F980FDF465D7" box="[424,573,1649,1675]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Andrade leg</collectingRegion>
.
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
; ;
<materialsCitation id="59E43CF3C96AD65DFDD4F980FD8C65F2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2570397888" collectingDate="2010-01-13" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" latitude="-6.0325003" longitude="-50.15056" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="Para State"> <materialsCitation id="59E43CF3C96AD65DFDD4F980FD8C65F2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2570397888" collectingDate="2010-08-03" collectingDateMax="2010-08-19" collectingDateMin="2010-08-03" collectionCode="R" collectorName="R. Andrade" country="Brazil" latitude="-6.0325003" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-50.15056" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="MZUSP 39674" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Para State">
<collectionCode id="8F9DAE6BC96AD65DFDD4F980FD6765D7" box="[589,686,1649,1675]" collectionName="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MZUSP</collectionCode> <specimenCode id="B92A9ED5C96AD65DFDD4F980FD3565D7" box="[589,764,1649,1675]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MZUSP 39674</specimenCode>
39674 • •
<specimenCount id="FF8AFD27C96AD65DFC8AF980FCF465D7" box="[787,829,1649,1675]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount> <specimenCount id="FF8AFD27C96AD65DFC8AF980FCF465D7" box="[787,829,1649,1675]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; ; Gruta S11D-37 Cave;
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC96AD65DFCD2F980FC4765D7" box="[843,910,1649,1675]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Gruta</collectingRegion>
S11D-37
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC96AD65DFB9AF980FB8A65D7" box="[1027,1091,1649,1675]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cave</collectingRegion>
;
<geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFBD4F980FB0565D7" box="[1101,1228,1649,1675]" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="46" value="-6.412778">6°24′46″ S</geoCoordinate> <geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFBD4F980FB0565D7" box="[1101,1228,1649,1675]" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="46" value="-6.412778">6°24′46″ S</geoCoordinate>
, ,
<geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFB41F980FABB65D7" box="[1240,1394,1649,1675]" degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-50.358334">50°21′30″ W</geoCoordinate> <geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C96AD65DFB41F980FABB65D7" box="[1240,1394,1649,1675]" degrees="50" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-50.358334">50°21′30″ W</geoCoordinate>
; ;
<date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFF24F965FEB465F2" box="[189,381,1684,1710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2010-08-03" valueMax="2010-08-19" valueMin="2010-08-03"> <date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFF24F965FEB465F2" box="[189,381,1684,1710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2010-08-03" valueMax="2010-08-19" valueMin="2010-08-03">
<date id="9D32106EC96AD65DFF24F965FEF165F2" box="[189,312,1684,1710]" day="03" last_day="19" month="08" monthName="Aug" pageId="10" pageNumber="11"> <collectingDate id="8D76E986C96AD65DFF24F965FEB465F2" box="[189,381,1684,1710]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2010-08-03" valueMax="2010-08-19" valueMin="2010-08-03">3–19 Aug. 2010</collectingDate>
3–
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<figureCitation id="71B72A2BC970D647FD69FC7AFC8A60F9" box="[752,835,907,933]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1681,1707]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,265,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[252,1335,265,1656]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 14. Distribution map. 1. Alboscia jotajota Campos-Filho, Bichuette &amp; Taiti sp. nov. 2. Androdeloscia akuanduba Campos-Filho, Cardoso &amp; Taiti sp nov. 3. Atlantoscia inflata Campos-Filho &amp; Araujo, 2015. 4. Benthana iporangensis Lima &amp; Serejo, 1993. 5. B. longicornis Verhoeff, 1941. 6. B. olfersii (Brandt, 1833). 7. B. picta (Brandt, 1833). 8. B. taeniata Araujo &amp; Buckup, 1994. 9. Metaprosekia igatuensis Campos-Filho, Fernandes &amp; Bichuette sp. nov. 10. Paratlantoscia rubromarginata (Araujo &amp; Leistikow, 1999). 11. Amazoniscus spica Campos-Filho, Aguiar &amp; Taiti sp. nov. 12. Circoniscus bezzii Arcangeli, 1931. Light gray areas denote Brazilian conservation units. AL = Alagoas; BA = Bahia; CE = Ceará; DF = Distrito Federal; ES = Espírito Santo; GO = Goiás; MA = Maranhão; MG = Minas Gerais; MT = Mato Grosso; PA = Pará; PB = Paraíba; PE = Pernambuco; PI = Piauí; PR = Paraná; RJ = Rio de Janeiro; RN = Rio Grande do Norte; SE = Sergipe; SP = São Paulo; TO = Tocantins." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3677012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3677012/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E93336AEC970D647FF24FC34FDB96083" blockId="16.[189,624,965,991]" box="[189,624,965,991]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="DBF8EABCC970D647FF24FC34FE446083" box="[189,397,965,991]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Philoscia Olfersii</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="682D10BFC970D647FE0DFC34FDA56083" author="Brandt J. F." box="[404,620,965,991]" page="183" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1833">
<bibRefCitation id="8D1D4B5FC970D647FE0DFC34FDA56083" author="Brandt" box="[404,620,965,991]" firstAuthor="Brandt" journalOrPublisher="Byulleten Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="171 - 193" part="6" refId="ref14691" refString="Brandt J. F. 1833. Conspectus Monographiae Crustaceorum Oniscodorum Latreillii. Byulleten Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispytatelei Prirody 6: 171 - 193." title="Conspectus Monographiae Crustaceorum Oniscodorum Latreillii" type="journal article" year="1833">Brandt, 1833: 183</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="C99C1180C970D647FF24FC0EFBD06745" box="[189,1049,1023,1049]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="2E8C4D2DC970D647FF24FC0EFE416745" ID-CoL="LHPP" authority="- Campos-Filho et al. 2018 a: 11" authorityName="- Campos-Filho et al." authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="2018" box="[189,392,1023,1049]" class="Malacostraca" family="Philosciidae" genus="Benthana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olfersii">
<emphasis id="DBF8EABCC970D647FF24FC0EFE416745" box="[189,392,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Benthana olfersii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="682D10BFC970D647FE3CFC0EFCC36745" author="Campos-Filho I. S. &amp; Cardoso G. M. &amp; Aguiar J. O." box="[421,778,1023,1049]" page="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="8D1D4B5FC970D647FE3CFC0EFCC36745" author="Campos-Filho" box="[421,778,1023,1049]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Campos-Filho" journalOrPublisher="Nauplius" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="2018038" part="26" refId="ref15664" refString="Campos-Filho I. S., Cardoso G. M. &amp; Aguiar J. O. 2018 a. Catalogue of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazil: an update with some considerations. Nauplius 26: e 2018038. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 2358 - 2936 e 2018038" title="Catalogue of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazil: an update with some considerations" type="journal article" year="2018" yearSuffix="a">
Campos-Filho
<emphasis id="DBF8EABCC970D647FDCDFBF1FD416745" box="[596,648,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 2018a: 11
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(for previous records).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E93336AEC970D647FF24FBB1FE636706" blockId="16.[189,426,1088,1114]" box="[189,426,1088,1114]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="B27B81C2C970D647FF24FBB1FE636706" bold="true" box="[189,426,1088,1114]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="DBF8EABCC970D647FF24FBB1FE636706" bold="true" box="[189,426,1088,1114]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="E93336AEC970D647FF24FB9EFD4167F0" blockId="16.[189,1398,1135,1196]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<collectingCountry id="919B763EC970D647FF24FB9EFEEF67D5" box="[189,294,1135,1161]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="Brazil">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
–
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<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC970D647FEDAFB9EFDFD67D5" box="[323,564,1135,1161]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Minas Gerais State</collectingRegion>
, Itabirito
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•
<specimenCount id="FF8AFD27C970D647FD5DFB9EFD3967D5" box="[708,752,1135,1161]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; Caverna VL-33;
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,
<geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C970D647FBFCFB9EFAC867D5" box="[1125,1281,1135,1161]" degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-43.9375">43°56′15″ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="9D32106EC970D647FA94FB9EFE8367F0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="2012-03-29" valueMax="2012-04-03" valueMin="2012-03-29">29 Mar.– 3 Apr. 2012</date>
;
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC970D647FECCFB63FE2267F0" box="[341,491,1170,1196]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Andrade leg</collectingRegion>
.;
<collectionCode id="8F9DAE6BC970D647FE65FB63FDF967F0" box="[508,560,1170,1196]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13487" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13487" name="Leeds Museums and Galleries" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">LES</collectionCode>
18860
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A1966525C970D647FF24FB22FA996663" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E93336AEC970D647FF24FB22FE9F67B1" blockId="16.[189,342,1235,1261]" box="[189,342,1235,1261]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="B27B81C2C970D647FF24FB22FE9F67B1" bold="true" box="[189,342,1235,1261]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="DBF8EABCC970D647FF24FB22FE9F67B1" bold="true" box="[189,342,1235,1261]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E93336AEC970D647FF24FAF3FA996663" blockId="16.[189,1399,1282,1343]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Typical in Atlantic forest areas in the states of
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC970D647FC9BFAF3FC7D6640" box="[770,948,1282,1308]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC970D647FC6CFAF3FBB96640" box="[1013,1136,1282,1308]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8D1D4B5FC970D647FB1AFAF3FEC06663" author="Campos-Filho" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Campos-Filho" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 73" part="4022" refId="ref15254" refString="Campos-Filho I. S., Taiti S. &amp; Araujo P. B. 2015 a. Taxonomic revision of the genus Benthana Budde- Lund, 1908 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Philosciidae). Zootaxa 4022 (1): 1 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4022.1.1" title="Taxonomic revision of the genus Benthana Budde- Lund, 1908 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Philosciidae)" type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="a">
Campos-Filho
<emphasis id="DBF8EABCC970D647FAA1FAF2FABE6640" box="[1336,1399,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2015a
</bibRefCitation>
). This is the first record of this species in cave environments, suggesting a troglophilic status.
</paragraph>
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86
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<emphasis id="DBF8EABCC970D647FDCFFC96FCE060DE" bold="true" box="[598,809,871,898]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Benthana olfersii</emphasis>
(
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)
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Campos-Filho
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Typical in Atlantic forest areas in the states of
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and
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(
<bibRefCitation id="8D1D4B5FC970D647FB1AFAF3FEC06663" author="Campos-Filho" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Campos-Filho" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 73" part="4022" refId="ref15254" refString="Campos-Filho I. S., Taiti S. &amp; Araujo P. B. 2015 a. Taxonomic revision of the genus Benthana Budde- Lund, 1908 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Philosciidae). Zootaxa 4022 (1): 1 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4022.1.1" title="Taxonomic revision of the genus Benthana Budde- Lund, 1908 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Philosciidae)" type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="a">
Campos-Filho
<emphasis id="DBF8EABCC970D647FAA1FAF2FABE6640" box="[1336,1399,1282,1308]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2015a
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<mods:affiliation id="C35C361C2ECBD4F189FA4E1A0450BDE1">Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Rodovia Washington Luis, Km 235, 13565 - 905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="CCB5845DBA563115DB4B170BA1762B37">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Carcinologia, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Agronomia, 91510 - 979 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="BB588EEC24F24094FE5C17AC6CFE042E">Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Gestão de Recursos Naturais, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Bairro Universitário, 58429 - 140 Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="A1966525C971D646FD80FD58FBD26198" box="[537,1051,681,708]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature"> <subSubSection id="A1966525C971D646FD80FD58FBD26198" box="[537,1051,681,708]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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@ -83,7 +103,7 @@
<subSubSection id="A1966525C971D646FF24FCF6FBEF6007" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group"> <subSubSection id="A1966525C971D646FF24FCF6FBEF6007" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
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<emphasis id="DBF8EABCC971D646FF24FCF6FE5A607D" box="[189,403,775,801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bentheana taeiata</emphasis> <emphasis id="DBF8EABCC971D646FF24FCF6FE5A607D" box="[189,403,775,801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bentheana taeiata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="682D10BFC971D646FE00FCF6FD3A607D" author="Araujo &amp; Buckup" box="[409,755,775,801]" page="269" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1994"> <treatmentCitation id="682D10BFC971D646FE00FCF6FD3A607D" author="Araujo &amp; Buckup" box="[409,755,775,801]" page="269" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="8D1D4B5FC971D646FE00FCF6FD3A607D" accessDate="2020-02-07" author="Araujo &amp; Buckup" box="[409,755,775,801]" firstAuthor="Araujo" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="269 - 274" part="17" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28201555" refId="ref13809" refString="Araujo P. B. &amp; Buckup L. 1994. Two new species of terrestrial Isopoda from southern Brazil (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). Spixiana 17 (3): 269 - 274. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 28201555 [accessed 7 Feb. 2020]." title="Two new species of terrestrial Isopoda from southern Brazil (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea)" type="journal article" year="1994">Araujo &amp; Buckup, 1994: 269</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="8D1D4B5FC971D646FE00FCF6FD3A607D" accessDate="2020-02-07" author="Araujo &amp; Buckup" box="[409,755,775,801]" firstAuthor="Araujo" journalOrPublisher="Spixiana" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="269 - 274" part="17" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28201555" refId="ref13809" refString="Araujo P. B. &amp; Buckup L. 1994. Two new species of terrestrial Isopoda from southern Brazil (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). Spixiana 17 (3): 269 - 274. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 28201555 [accessed 7 Feb. 2020]." title="Two new species of terrestrial Isopoda from southern Brazil (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea)" type="journal article" year="1994">Araujo &amp; Buckup, 1994: 269</bibRefCitation>
@ -117,7 +137,7 @@ Campos-Filho
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•
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same collection data as for preceding;
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4421 • 4421
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•
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;
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same collection data as for preceding;
<collectionCode id="8F9DAE6BC971D646FB47FC06FADB674D" box="[1246,1298,1015,1041]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13487" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13487" name="Leeds Museums and Galleries" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">LES</collectionCode> <collectionCode id="8F9DAE6BC971D646FB47FC06FADB674D" box="[1246,1298,1015,1041]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13487" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13487" name="Leeds Museums and Galleries" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">LES</collectionCode>
18861 • 18861
<specimenCount id="FF8AFD27C971D646FF24FBEBFF256768" box="[189,236,1050,1076]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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•
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; ;
<materialsCitation id="59E43CF3C971D646FF66FBEBFE386704" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569657802" collectingDate="2013-02-16" collectionCode="T" country="Brazil" latitude="-24.331945" longitude="-48.50139" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Gruta">
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC971D646FF66FBEBFE8B6768" box="[255,322,1050,1076]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Gruta</collectingRegion> <collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC971D646FF66FBEBFE8B6768" box="[255,322,1050,1076]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Gruta</collectingRegion>
do Capinzal; do Capinzal;
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118
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<mods:title id="5FA1A0CE6CD19078C043FFAC6A643645">New species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) of the families Philosciidae and Scleropactidae from Brazilian caves</mods:title> <mods:title id="15AF8411E9E8AE4A30BC84AFAF7BE245">New species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) of the families Philosciidae and Scleropactidae from Brazilian caves</mods:title>
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@ -76,7 +96,7 @@ Genus
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<emphasis id="DBF8EABCC971D646FF24FA30FE3A6687" box="[189,499,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Metaprosekia nodilinearis</emphasis> <emphasis id="DBF8EABCC971D646FF24FA30FE3A6687" box="[189,499,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Metaprosekia nodilinearis</emphasis>

154
data/61/25/87/612587B8C976D641FE2FFEF9FC3067F9.xml → data/61/25/87/612587B8C976D641FE2FFEF9FB406738.xml
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@ -1,70 +1,90 @@
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; ;
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, fig. 12b. — , fig. 12b. —
@ -170,7 +190,7 @@ Campos-Filho
</heading> </heading>
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="E93336AEC976D641FF24FD6CFBC360F2" blockId="22.[189,1399,669,942]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23"> <paragraph id="E93336AEC976D641FF24FD6CFBC360F2" blockId="22.[189,1399,669,942]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<materialsCitation id="59E43CF3C976D641FF24FD6CFE1461A2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569657781" collectingDate="2014-10-20" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" latitude="-10.5129" longitude="-37.1007" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Sergipe State"> <materialsCitation id="59E43CF3C976D641FF24FD6CFEB761A2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569657781" collectingDate="2014-10-20" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" latitude="-10.5129" longitude="-37.1007" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Sergipe State">
<collectingCountry id="919B763EC976D641FF24FD6CFEEF61EB" box="[189,294,669,695]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="Brazil">BRAZIL</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="919B763EC976D641FF24FD6CFEEF61EB" box="[189,294,669,695]" name="Brazil" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="Brazil">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
– –
<emphasis id="DBF8EABCC976D641FED9FD6CFE2D61EB" bold="true" box="[320,484,669,695]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23"> <emphasis id="DBF8EABCC976D641FED9FD6CFE2D61EB" bold="true" box="[320,484,669,695]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
@ -193,12 +213,12 @@ Campos-Filho
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC976D641FA81FD31FF2E61A2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Moreira leg</collectingRegion> <collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC976D641FA81FD31FF2E61A2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Moreira leg</collectingRegion>
.; .;
<collectionCode id="8F9DAE6BC976D641FF60FD15FEE461A2" box="[249,301,740,766]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13487" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13487" name="Leeds Museums and Galleries" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Museum">LES</collectionCode> <collectionCode id="8F9DAE6BC976D641FF60FD15FEE461A2" box="[249,301,740,766]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13487" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13487" name="Leeds Museums and Galleries" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Museum">LES</collectionCode>
10818 • 10818
<specimenCount id="FF8AFD27C976D641FE03FD15FE1461A2" box="[410,477,740,766]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
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; <materialsCitation id="59E43CF3C976D641FE1EFD15FAED607D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569657781" collectingDate="2014-10-20" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" latitude="-10.5129" longitude="-37.1007" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Sergipe State">
<materialsCitation id="59E43CF3C976D641FE74FD15FAA7607D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569657787" collectingDate="2014-10-20" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" latitude="-10.803223" longitude="-37.180557" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Caverna"> •
Laranjeiras, <specimenCount id="FF8AFD27C976D641FE03FD15FE1461A2" box="[410,477,740,766]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
; Laranjeiras,
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC976D641FD18FD15FD2A61A2" box="[641,739,740,766]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Caverna</collectingRegion> <collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC976D641FD18FD15FD2A61A2" box="[641,739,740,766]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Caverna</collectingRegion>
dos Aventureiros; dos Aventureiros;
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@ -213,12 +233,12 @@ dos Aventureiros;
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC976D641FC63FCF6FB45607D" box="[1018,1164,775,801]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Moreira leg</collectingRegion> <collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC976D641FC63FCF6FB45607D" box="[1018,1164,775,801]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Moreira leg</collectingRegion>
.; .;
<collectionCode id="8F9DAE6BC976D641FB07FCF6FB1B607D" box="[1182,1234,775,801]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13487" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13487" name="Leeds Museums and Galleries" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Museum">LES</collectionCode> <collectionCode id="8F9DAE6BC976D641FB07FCF6FB1B607D" box="[1182,1234,775,801]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13487" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13487" name="Leeds Museums and Galleries" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Museum">LES</collectionCode>
10819 • 10819
<specimenCount id="FF8AFD27C976D641FAD8FCF6FAA7607D" box="[1345,1390,775,801]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
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; <materialsCitation id="59E43CF3C976D641FAB4FCF6FBF8603B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569657781" collectingDate="2014-10-20" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" latitude="-10.5129" longitude="-37.1007" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Sergipe State">
<materialsCitation id="59E43CF3C976D641FF24FCDBFB6B603B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569657760" collectingDate="2014-10-19" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" latitude="-10.6325445" longitude="-36.883083" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Caverna"> •
Japaratuba, <specimenCount id="FF8AFD27C976D641FAD8FCF6FAA7607D" box="[1345,1390,775,801]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; Japaratuba,
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC976D641FED0FCDBFE626018" box="[329,427,810,836]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Caverna</collectingRegion> <collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC976D641FED0FCDBFE626018" box="[329,427,810,836]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Caverna</collectingRegion>
Casa do Caboclo; Casa do Caboclo;
<geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C976D641FD11FCDBFCF56018" box="[648,828,810,836]" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" seconds="57.16" value="-10.6325445">10°37′57.16″ S</geoCoordinate> <geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C976D641FD11FCDBFCF56018" box="[648,828,810,836]" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" seconds="57.16" value="-10.6325445">10°37′57.16″ S</geoCoordinate>
@ -233,11 +253,10 @@ Casa do Caboclo;
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC976D641FD66FCBCFC5D603B" box="[767,916,845,871]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Moreira leg</collectingRegion> <collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC976D641FD66FCBCFC5D603B" box="[767,916,845,871]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Moreira leg</collectingRegion>
.; .;
<collectionCode id="8F9DAE6BC976D641FC31FCBCFC15603B" box="[936,988,845,871]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13487" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13487" name="Leeds Museums and Galleries" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Museum">LES</collectionCode> <collectionCode id="8F9DAE6BC976D641FC31FCBCFC15603B" box="[936,988,845,871]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13487" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13487" name="Leeds Museums and Galleries" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="Museum">LES</collectionCode>
10820 • 4 juvs 10820
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<materialsCitation id="59E43CF3C976D641FB2BFCBCFBCF60F2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569657786" collectingDate="2014-10-22" collectionCode="R" country="Brazil" latitude="-9.226652" longitude="-35.91284" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" stateProvince="Caverna"> • 4 juvs; Murici, Fazenda São José,
Murici, Fazenda São José,
<collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC976D641FEA0FC81FE5260D6" box="[313,411,880,906]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Caverna</collectingRegion> <collectingRegion id="2B48F84CC976D641FEA0FC81FE5260D6" box="[313,411,880,906]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Caverna</collectingRegion>
Toca da Raposa; Toca da Raposa;
<geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C976D641FDE0FC81FCEB60D6" box="[633,802,880,906]" degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" seconds="35.95" value="-9.226652">9°13′35.95″ S</geoCoordinate> <geoCoordinate id="8CB85069C976D641FDE0FC81FCEB60D6" box="[633,802,880,906]" degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" precision="1" seconds="35.95" value="-9.226652">9°13′35.95″ S</geoCoordinate>
@ -287,14 +306,5 @@ Campos-Filho
is considered here as trogloxene. is considered here as trogloxene.
</paragraph> </paragraph>
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Family
<taxonomicName id="2E8C4D2DC976D641FD0FFB7AFC3067F9" authority="Verhoeff, 1938" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1938" box="[662,1017,1163,1189]" class="Malacostraca" family="Scleropactidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Scleropactidae
<bibRefCitation id="8D1D4B5FC976D641FCD0FB7AFC3067F9" box="[841,1017,1163,1189]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Verhoeff, 1938</bibRefCitation>
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<heading id="AD4D818CFFC3FF9BE987FD96A9FBFDFF" bold="true" box="[151,697,536,563]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" reason="1">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC3FF9BE987FD96A9FBFDFF" bold="true" box="[151,697,536,563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="31BA4D63FFC3FF9BE987FD96A916FDFF" authorityName="Gnezdilov" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,596,536,563]" class="Insecta" family="Caliscelidae" genus="Symplanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cattiensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bambunella">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC3FF9BE987FD96AA6FFDFF" bold="true" box="[151,301,536,563]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Symplanella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC3FF9BE82EFD96AA90FDFF" bold="true" box="[318,466,536,563]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Bambunella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC3FF9BE8F4FD97A916FDFF" bold="true" box="[484,596,537,563]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">cattiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFFD5789FFC3FF9BEB4BFD97A9FBFDFF" box="[603,697,537,563]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEA0656BFFC3FF95E987FDB3AED9F8D2" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC3FF9BE987FDB3AA65FD9B" blockId="6.[151,697,536,599]" box="[151,295,573,599]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">
(
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BE98FFDB3AA5DFD9B" box="[159,287,573,599]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 14–17" captionStart-1="FIGURES 18–20" captionStart-2="FIGURES 21–30" captionStart-3="FIGURES 31–32" captionStartId-0="7.[151,264,1164,1188]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,264,1980,2004]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,264,1437,1461]" captionStartId-3="9.[151,264,1173,1197]" captionTargetBox-0="[215,1374,189,1128]" captionTargetBox-1="[248,1339,1288,1951]" captionTargetBox-2="[178,1407,185,1404]" captionTargetBox-3="[448,1138,186,1141]" captionTargetId-0="figure-33@7.[204,1384,179,1138]" captionTargetId-1="figure-65@7.[244,1343,1282,1955]" captionTargetId-2="figure-15@8.[170,1416,179,1412]" captionTargetId-3="figure-33@9.[443,1144,179,1148]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionText-0="FIGURES 14–17. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov. 14—male paratype, dorsal view; 15—same, lateral view; 16—same, frontal view; 17—female paratype, abdomen ventrally. Abbrevitation: lf—lateral furrow. Scale bar—1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 18–20. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., holotype. 18—head, dorsal view; 19—left forewing; 20— apex of right forewing. Not to scale." captionText-2="FIGURES 21–30. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., male terminalia (21, 23–30—holotype, 22—paratype). 21— abdominal sternites IV–VI; 22—left apodeme of sternite II; 23—pygofer, penis, and styles, ventral view; 24—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 25—anal tube, dorsal view; 26— penis, connective, and style, lateral view; 27—penis and styles, ventral view; 28—penis and connective, lateral view; 29—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 30—style, dorsal view. Abbrevitations: ash—aedeagal shaft; lf—lateral furrow; vpp—ventral processes of penis; s—style. Not to scale." captionText-3="FIGURES 31–32. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., paratype, female terminalia. 31—sternite VII, fused endogonocoxal lobes, and gonocoxae VIII; 32—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Abbrevitations: VII—sternite VII; Gx VIII— gonocoxa VIII; GxL—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Not to scale." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384936" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384938" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384940" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384944" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14384936/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14384938/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14384940/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14384944/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Figs 14–32</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC3FF9BE987FD0BAF03FB5B" blockId="6.[151,1437,645,1751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC3FF9BE987FD0BAA6BFD53" bold="true" box="[151,297,645,671]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC3FF9BE821FD0BAADDFD53" box="[305,415,645,671]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Structure.</emphasis>
Coryphe wide, 1.3 times as wide between the eyes as long medially, with convex anterior margin, deeply concave posterior margin, and lateral margin weakly convex (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BEAE0FD27AF07FD0F" box="[1008,1093,681,707]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1164,1188]" captionTargetBox="[215,1374,189,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-33@7.[204,1384,179,1138]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 14–17. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov. 14—male paratype, dorsal view; 15—same, lateral view; 16—same, frontal view; 17—female paratype, abdomen ventrally. Abbrevitation: lf—lateral furrow. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384936/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Figs 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BED43FD27AF33FD0F" box="[1107,1137,681,707]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1980,2004]" captionTargetBox="[248,1339,1288,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-65@7.[244,1343,1282,1955]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18–20. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., holotype. 18—head, dorsal view; 19—left forewing; 20— apex of right forewing. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384938/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">18</figureCitation>
). Eyes large, each is 0.7 as wide as coryphe (in dorsal view) (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BEB19FD43A918FD2B" box="[521,602,717,743]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1980,2004]" captionTargetBox="[248,1339,1288,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-65@7.[244,1343,1282,1955]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18–20. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., holotype. 18—head, dorsal view; 19—left forewing; 20— apex of right forewing. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384938/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
). Metope 1.5 times as long medially as wide between eyes, slightly enlarged above clypeus, with median carina running from its upper margin to basal part of anteclypeus and with sublaleral carinae running from its upper margin, but not reaching metopoclypeal suture (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BED3FFC9BAFC7FCE3" box="[1071,1157,789,815]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1164,1188]" captionTargetBox="[215,1374,189,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-33@7.[204,1384,179,1138]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 14–17. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov. 14—male paratype, dorsal view; 15—same, lateral view; 16—same, frontal view; 17—female paratype, abdomen ventrally. Abbrevitation: lf—lateral furrow. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384936/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). Median and sublateral carinae not joint at upper margin of metope. Metopoclypeal suture weak, slightly convex. Rostrum reaching hind coxae, with very short not narrowing apically third segment. Pronotum with acutely angulated anterior margin and deeply concave posterior margin, without carinae. Pronotum slightly shorter than coryphe medially. Paradiscal fields of pronotum not narrow. Paranotal lobes of pronotum elongate. Mesonotum large, nearly 2.5 times as long as pronotum, without carinae. Fore wings with elongate basal cell. Clavus long, 4/5 of whole wing length, reaching abdominal apex (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BE84EFC63AAFAFBC4" box="[350,440,1005,1032]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1164,1188]" captionTargetBox="[215,1374,189,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-33@7.[204,1384,179,1138]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 14–17. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov. 14—male paratype, dorsal view; 15—same, lateral view; 16—same, frontal view; 17—female paratype, abdomen ventrally. Abbrevitation: lf—lateral furrow. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384936/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Figs 15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BE8D7FC63AAA4FBCB" box="[455,486,1005,1031]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1980,2004]" captionTargetBox="[248,1339,1288,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-65@7.[244,1343,1282,1955]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18–20. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., holotype. 18—head, dorsal view; 19—left forewing; 20— apex of right forewing. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384938/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">19</figureCitation>
). Clavus closed, Pcu + A
<subScript id="6A3E34A5FFC3FF9BEA1FFC71A855FBC1" attach="left" box="[783,791,1023,1037]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">1</subScript>
running to CuP before claval apex. Radius and median running by short common stem from the basal cell. Forewing vein sequence: R 3, firstly furcating before nodal line; r-m 2; M 3–4, furcating after nodal line; m-cua 2–3; CuA 2–3, furcating after nodal line; cua-cup 1–2 (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BEC1EFBBBAED2FB83" box="[1294,1424,1077,1103]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1980,2004]" captionTargetBox="[248,1339,1288,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-65@7.[244,1343,1282,1955]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18–20. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., holotype. 18—head, dorsal view; 19—left forewing; 20— apex of right forewing. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384938/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Figs 19, 20</figureCitation>
). Hind wings as long as fore wings. Hind tibia with a single lateral spine below its middle and with six spines apically. First metatarsomere nearly three times longer than second one, both without spines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC3FF9BE9D7FB2FAA01FA17" blockId="6.[151,1437,645,1751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC3FF9BE9D7FB2FAA08FB77" box="[199,330,1185,1211]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Coloration.</emphasis>
General coloration brownish light yellow (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BEA5FFB2FA89EFB70" box="[847,988,1185,1212]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1164,1188]" captionTargetBox="[215,1374,189,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-33@7.[204,1384,179,1138]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 14–17. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov. 14—male paratype, dorsal view; 15—same, lateral view; 16—same, frontal view; 17—female paratype, abdomen ventrally. Abbrevitation: lf—lateral furrow. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384936/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Figs 14, 15</figureCitation>
). Coryphe, pro- and mesonotum with red median line (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BE84CFB4BAAF0FB13" box="[348,434,1221,1247]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1164,1188]" captionTargetBox="[215,1374,189,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-33@7.[204,1384,179,1138]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 14–17. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov. 14—male paratype, dorsal view; 15—same, lateral view; 16—same, frontal view; 17—female paratype, abdomen ventrally. Abbrevitation: lf—lateral furrow. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384936/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Upper half of metope between eyes light brown to brown. Lower half of metope and postclypeus and anteclypeus frontally dark brown to black (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BEA2DFB67A8D0FACF" box="[829,914,1257,1283]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1164,1188]" captionTargetBox="[215,1374,189,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-33@7.[204,1384,179,1138]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 14–17. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov. 14—male paratype, dorsal view; 15—same, lateral view; 16—same, frontal view; 17—female paratype, abdomen ventrally. Abbrevitation: lf—lateral furrow. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384936/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). Ocelli surrounded by red. Pedicel with large black spot outside and with small brown to dark brown spot on inner side. Male paranotal lobes of pronotum and episternae and epimerae sometimes reddish. Fore and hind wings slightly opaque, with light brown veins. Hind coxae with black hind margins. Claws dark brown. Tips of leg spines black. Abdominal sternites with dark brown to black stripes anteriorly and laterally, including the lateral furrows (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BEA88FAF7A8A8FA5F" box="[920,1002,1401,1427]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1164,1188]" captionTargetBox="[215,1374,189,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-33@7.[204,1384,179,1138]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 14–17. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov. 14—male paratype, dorsal view; 15—same, lateral view; 16—same, frontal view; 17—female paratype, abdomen ventrally. Abbrevitation: lf—lateral furrow. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384936/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC3FF9BEAE5FAF7AF47FA5F" box="[1013,1029,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">lf</emphasis>
). Abdominal tergites with wide dark brown lateral stripes. Male abdominal sternites and pygofer sometimes greenish. Female sternite VII sometimes reddish yellow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC3FF9BE9D7FA6BAE1CF91B" blockId="6.[151,1437,645,1751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC3FF9BE9D7FA6BA976FA33" bold="true" box="[199,564,1509,1535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">
Male terminalia (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BE88FFA6BA965FA33" box="[415,551,1509,1535]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–30" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,185,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-15@8.[170,1416,179,1412]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 21–30. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., male terminalia (21, 23–30—holotype, 22—paratype). 21— abdominal sternites IV–VI; 22—left apodeme of sternite II; 23—pygofer, penis, and styles, ventral view; 24—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 25—anal tube, dorsal view; 26— penis, connective, and style, lateral view; 27—penis and styles, ventral view; 28—penis and connective, lateral view; 29—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 30—style, dorsal view. Abbrevitations: ash—aedeagal shaft; lf—lateral furrow; vpp—ventral processes of penis; s—style. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Figs 21–30</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Abdominal sternite II with wide and short apodemes (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BEDDEFA6BAE68FA33" box="[1230,1322,1509,1535]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–30" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,185,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-15@8.[170,1416,179,1412]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 21–30. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., male terminalia (21, 23–30—holotype, 22—paratype). 21— abdominal sternites IV–VI; 22—left apodeme of sternite II; 23—pygofer, penis, and styles, ventral view; 24—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 25—anal tube, dorsal view; 26— penis, connective, and style, lateral view; 27—penis and styles, ventral view; 28—penis and connective, lateral view; 29—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 30—style, dorsal view. Abbrevitations: ash—aedeagal shaft; lf—lateral furrow; vpp—ventral processes of penis; s—style. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
). Pygofer elongate vertically, with vertical lobe-shaped processes on concaved hind margins below anal tube; posterior margins sharply concave; lower margin widely concave below styles (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BEAD5F9A3AF0CF98B" box="[965,1102,1581,1607]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–30" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,185,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-15@8.[170,1416,179,1412]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 21–30. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., male terminalia (21, 23–30—holotype, 22—paratype). 21— abdominal sternites IV–VI; 22—left apodeme of sternite II; 23—pygofer, penis, and styles, ventral view; 24—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 25—anal tube, dorsal view; 26— penis, connective, and style, lateral view; 27—penis and styles, ventral view; 28—penis and connective, lateral view; 29—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 30—style, dorsal view. Abbrevitations: ash—aedeagal shaft; lf—lateral furrow; vpp—ventral processes of penis; s—style. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Figs 23, 24</figureCitation>
). Anal tube large, protruding downwards (in lateral view), elongate, with obtusely angulate apex (in dorsal view) (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BED7DF9DFAFB6F9A0" box="[1133,1268,1617,1644]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–30" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,185,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-15@8.[170,1416,179,1412]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 21–30. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., male terminalia (21, 23–30—holotype, 22—paratype). 21— abdominal sternites IV–VI; 22—left apodeme of sternite II; 23—pygofer, penis, and styles, ventral view; 24—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 25—anal tube, dorsal view; 26— penis, connective, and style, lateral view; 27—penis and styles, ventral view; 28—penis and connective, lateral view; 29—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 30—style, dorsal view. Abbrevitations: ash—aedeagal shaft; lf—lateral furrow; vpp—ventral processes of penis; s—style. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Figs 24, 25</figureCitation>
). Anal column wide. Penis massive, with aedeagal shaft strongly curved, U-shaped (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BEAD8F9FBAF62F943" box="[968,1056,1653,1679]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–30" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,185,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-15@8.[170,1416,179,1412]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 21–30. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., male terminalia (21, 23–30—holotype, 22—paratype). 21— abdominal sternites IV–VI; 22—left apodeme of sternite II; 23—pygofer, penis, and styles, ventral view; 24—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 25—anal tube, dorsal view; 26— penis, connective, and style, lateral view; 27—penis and styles, ventral view; 28—penis and connective, lateral view; 29—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 30—style, dorsal view. Abbrevitations: ash—aedeagal shaft; lf—lateral furrow; vpp—ventral processes of penis; s—style. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC3FF9BED3EF9FBAF17F943" box="[1070,1109,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">ash</emphasis>
). Aedeagal shaft narrowing apically (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BE813F917AA19F97F" box="[259,347,1689,1715]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–30" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,185,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-15@8.[170,1416,179,1412]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 21–30. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., male terminalia (21, 23–30—holotype, 22—paratype). 21— abdominal sternites IV–VI; 22—left apodeme of sternite II; 23—pygofer, penis, and styles, ventral view; 24—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 25—anal tube, dorsal view; 26— penis, connective, and style, lateral view; 27—penis and styles, ventral view; 28—penis and connective, lateral view; 29—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 30—style, dorsal view. Abbrevitations: ash—aedeagal shaft; lf—lateral furrow; vpp—ventral processes of penis; s—style. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
). Gonopore apical. Penis with pair of large processes ventrally (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BED52F917AF8BF97F" box="[1090,1225,1689,1715]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–30" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,185,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-15@8.[170,1416,179,1412]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 21–30. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., male terminalia (21, 23–30—holotype, 22—paratype). 21— abdominal sternites IV–VI; 22—left apodeme of sternite II; 23—pygofer, penis, and styles, ventral view; 24—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 25—anal tube, dorsal view; 26— penis, connective, and style, lateral view; 27—penis and styles, ventral view; 28—penis and connective, lateral view; 29—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 30—style, dorsal view. Abbrevitations: ash—aedeagal shaft; lf—lateral furrow; vpp—ventral processes of penis; s—style. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Figs 27, 28</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC3FF9BEDC6F914AFBDF97F" box="[1238,1279,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">vpp</emphasis>
). Penis fused with connective which is fused with styles (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BEB9DF933A853F91B" box="[653,785,1725,1751]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–30" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,185,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-15@8.[170,1416,179,1412]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 21–30. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., male terminalia (21, 23–30—holotype, 22—paratype). 21— abdominal sternites IV–VI; 22—left apodeme of sternite II; 23—pygofer, penis, and styles, ventral view; 24—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 25—anal tube, dorsal view; 26— penis, connective, and style, lateral view; 27—penis and styles, ventral view; 28—penis and connective, lateral view; 29—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 30—style, dorsal view. Abbrevitations: ash—aedeagal shaft; lf—lateral furrow; vpp—ventral processes of penis; s—style. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Figs 26, 27</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC3FF9BEA0DF930A86AF91B" box="[797,808,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">s</emphasis>
). Style rounded, without processes (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC3FF9BEDDBF933AE12F91B" box="[1227,1360,1725,1751]" captionStart="FIGURES 21–30" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1437,1461]" captionTargetBox="[178,1407,185,1404]" captionTargetId="figure-15@8.[170,1416,179,1412]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 21–30. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., male terminalia (21, 23–30—holotype, 22—paratype). 21— abdominal sternites IV–VI; 22—left apodeme of sternite II; 23—pygofer, penis, and styles, ventral view; 24—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 25—anal tube, dorsal view; 26— penis, connective, and style, lateral view; 27—penis and styles, ventral view; 28—penis and connective, lateral view; 29—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 30—style, dorsal view. Abbrevitations: ash—aedeagal shaft; lf—lateral furrow; vpp—ventral processes of penis; s—style. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Figs 27, 30</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="A2C56668FFC2FF9AE987FB02AE0FFB0B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384936" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14384936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384936/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" startId="7.[151,264,1164,1188]" targetBox="[215,1374,189,1128]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC2FF9AE987FB02AE0FFB0B" blockId="7.[151,1436,1164,1224]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC2FF9AE987FB02AA1AFB68" bold="true" box="[151,344,1164,1188]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">FIGURES 14–17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31BA4D63FFC2FF9AE871FB02A99FFB68" authorityName="Gnezdilov" authorityYear="2024" box="[353,733,1164,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Caliscelidae" genus="Symplanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cattiensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bambunella">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC2FF9AE871FB02AA9CFB68" box="[353,478,1164,1188]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">Symplanella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC2FF9AE8E1FB02A929FB68" box="[497,619,1164,1188]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">Bambunella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC2FF9AEB6DFB03A99FFB68" box="[637,733,1165,1188]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">cattiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC2FF9AEBF7FB02A879FB68" bold="true" box="[743,827,1164,1188]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFFD5789FFC2FF9AEBF7FB02A879FB68" box="[743,827,1164,1188]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
14—male paratype, dorsal view; 15—same, lateral view; 16—same, frontal view; 17—female paratype, abdomen ventrally. Abbrevitation: lf—lateral furrow. Scale bar—1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2C56668FFC2FF9AE987F832A945F835" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14384938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384938/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" startId="7.[151,264,1980,2004]" targetBox="[248,1339,1288,1951]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC2FF9AE987F832A945F835" blockId="7.[151,1436,1980,2041]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC2FF9AE987F832AA14F818" bold="true" box="[151,342,1980,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">FIGURES 18–20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31BA4D63FFC2FF9AE84EF833A99AF818" authorityName="Gnezdilov" authorityYear="2024" box="[350,728,1981,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Caliscelidae" genus="Symplanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cattiensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bambunella">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC2FF9AE84EF833AA99F819" box="[350,475,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">Symplanella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC2FF9AE8FDF833A925F819" box="[493,615,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">Bambunella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC2FF9AEB68F833A99AF818" box="[632,728,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">cattiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC2FF9AEBF0F833A871F819" bold="true" box="[736,819,1981,2005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFFD5789FFC2FF9AEBF0F833A871F819" box="[736,819,1981,2005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="47" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype. 18—head, dorsal view; 19—left forewing; 20— apex of right forewing. Not to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2C56668FFCDFF95E987FA13AF20F98A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384940" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14384940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384940/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" startId="8.[151,264,1437,1461]" targetBox="[178,1407,185,1404]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFCDFF95E987FA13AF20F98A" blockId="8.[151,1437,1437,1606]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCDFF95E987FA13AA17FA79" bold="true" box="[151,341,1437,1461]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">FIGURES 21–30.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31BA4D63FFCDFF95E84BFA10A990FA79" authorityName="Gnezdilov" authorityYear="2024" box="[347,722,1438,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Caliscelidae" genus="Symplanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cattiensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bambunella">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCDFF95E84BFA10AA9AFA7A" box="[347,472,1438,1462]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">Symplanella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCDFF95E8F8FA10A920FA7A" box="[488,610,1438,1462]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">Bambunella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCDFF95EB62FA10A990FA79" box="[626,722,1438,1461]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">cattiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCDFF95EBC8FA10A86BFA7A" bold="true" box="[728,809,1438,1462]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFFD5789FFCDFF95EBC8FA10A86BFA7A" box="[728,809,1438,1462]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male terminalia (21, 23–30—holotype, 22—paratype). 21— abdominal sternites IV–VI; 22—left apodeme of sternite II; 23—pygofer, penis, and styles, ventral view; 24—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 25—anal tube, dorsal view; 26— penis, connective, and style, lateral view; 27—penis and styles, ventral view; 28—penis and connective, lateral view; 29—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 30—style, dorsal view. Abbrevitations: ash—aedeagal shaft; lf—lateral furrow; vpp—ventral processes of penis; s—style. Not to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFCDFF95E9D7F916AA2EF936" blockId="8.[151,1437,1687,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCDFF95E9D7F916A9CBF97D" bold="true" box="[199,649,1687,1714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">
Female terminalia (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFCDFF95E8ACF919A958F97E" box="[444,538,1687,1714]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–17" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1164,1188]" captionTargetBox="[215,1374,189,1128]" captionTargetId="figure-33@7.[204,1384,179,1138]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 14–17. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov. 14—male paratype, dorsal view; 15—same, lateral view; 16—same, frontal view; 17—female paratype, abdomen ventrally. Abbrevitation: lf—lateral furrow. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384936/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">Figs 17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFCDFF95EB3DF916A93EF97D" box="[557,636,1687,1714]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–32" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1173,1197]" captionTargetBox="[448,1138,186,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-33@9.[443,1144,179,1148]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31–32. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., paratype, female terminalia. 31—sternite VII, fused endogonocoxal lobes, and gonocoxae VIII; 32—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Abbrevitations: VII—sternite VII; Gx VIII— gonocoxa VIII; GxL—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384944/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">31, 32</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Sternite VII with very weak concavity of hind margin (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFCDFF95EC25F916AECDF97E" box="[1333,1423,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–32" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1173,1197]" captionTargetBox="[448,1138,186,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-33@9.[443,1144,179,1148]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31–32. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., paratype, female terminalia. 31—sternite VII, fused endogonocoxal lobes, and gonocoxae VIII; 32—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Abbrevitations: VII—sternite VII; Gx VIII— gonocoxa VIII; GxL—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384944/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
). Endogonocoxal lobes fused in shape of large conical sclerotization well visible behind hind margin of sternite VII (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFCDFF95E98FF96EAA62F936" box="[159,288,1760,1786]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–32" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1173,1197]" captionTargetBox="[448,1138,186,1141]" captionTargetId="figure-33@9.[443,1144,179,1148]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31–32. Symplanella (Bambunella) cattiensis sp. nov., paratype, female terminalia. 31—sternite VII, fused endogonocoxal lobes, and gonocoxae VIII; 32—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Abbrevitations: VII—sternite VII; Gx VIII— gonocoxa VIII; GxL—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384944/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">Figs 31, 32</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCDFF95E83CF96EAA1EF936" box="[300,348,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">GxL</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFCDFF95E9D7F88AAED9F8D2" blockId="8.[151,1437,1687,2038]" box="[199,1435,1796,1823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCDFF95E9D7F88AAA14F8D2" bold="true" box="[199,342,1796,1822]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">Total length</emphasis>
(from apex of coryphe to the apices of fore wings). Males—5.5–6.0 mm. Females—6.0–6.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEA0656BFFCDFF95E9D7F8A6AA88F83A" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFCDFF95E9D7F8A6AA88F83A" blockId="8.[151,1437,1687,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCDFF95E9D7F8A6AA36F88E" bold="true" box="[199,372,1832,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="46D23CBDFFCDFF95E86BF8A6AA4BF8AA" collectingDate="2012-06-01" collectionCode="ZIN" collectorName="A. F. Emeljanov" country="Vietnam" location="Cat Tien National Park" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Dong Nai" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="29018842FFCDFF95E86BF8A6AAA4F88E" box="[379,486,1832,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="E0BCFD69FFCDFF95E8E0F8A6A945F88E" box="[496,519,1832,1858]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="8EAD7670FFCDFF95EB02F8A6A936F88E" box="[530,628,1832,1858]" name="Vietnam" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="347EF802FFCDFF95EB6EF8A6A81AF88E" box="[638,856,1832,1858]" country="Vietnam" name="Dong Nai" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">Dong Nai Province</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="F365603BFFCDFF95EA73F8A6AF27F88E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E1387F6FFC3FF94E987FD96AE0AFAAE:F365603BFFCDFF95EA73F8A6AF27F88E" box="[867,1125,1832,1858]" country="Vietnam" name="Cat Tien National Park" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Dong Nai">Cat Tien National Park</location>
,
<date id="82041020FFCDFF95ED60F8A6AFA1F88E" box="[1136,1251,1832,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" value="2012-06-01">
<collectingDate id="9240E9C8FFCDFF95ED60F8A6AFA1F88E" box="[1136,1251,1832,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" value="2012-06-01">1.VI.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="5B4F5336FFCDFF95EDFDF8A6AEDEF88E" box="[1261,1436,1832,1858]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">A.F. Emeljanov</collectorName>
leg.(
<collectionCode id="90ABAE25FFCDFF95E9DCF8C2AA42F8AA" box="[204,256,1868,1894]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="46D23CBDFFCDFF95E800F8C2AE39F8AA" box="[272,1403,1868,1895]" collectingDate="2012-11-15" collectionCode="V" country="Vietnam" latitude="10.416667" location="Cat Tien National Park" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="107.416664" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Dong Nai" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="29018842FFCDFF95E800F8C2AAC3F8AA" box="[272,385,1868,1894]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="E0BCFD69FFCDFF95E899F8C2AAEFF8AA" box="[393,429,1868,1894]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="8EAD7670FFCDFF95E8A6F8C2A95AF8AA" box="[438,536,1868,1894]" name="Vietnam" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="347EF802FFCDFF95EB30F8C2A9B6F8AA" box="[544,756,1868,1894]" country="Vietnam" name="Dong Nai" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">Dong Nai Province</collectingRegion>
,
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="938E5027FFCDFF95ED74F8C2AF90F8AB" box="[1124,1234,1868,1895]" degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" precision="925" value="107.416664">107°25´E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="82041020FFCDFF95EDCBF8C2AE1FF8AB" box="[1243,1373,1868,1895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" value="2012-11-15">
<collectingDate id="9240E9C8FFCDFF95EDCBF8C2AE1FF8AB" box="[1243,1373,1868,1895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" value="2012-11-15">15.XI.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="90ABAE25FFCDFF95EC75F8C2AE39F8AA" box="[1381,1403,1868,1894]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<collectorName id="5B4F5336FFCDFF95EC6EF8C2AA4EF846" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">M. Gnezdilov</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="90ABAE25FFCDFF95E85DF8FEAAC3F846" box="[333,385,1904,1930]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
);
<materialsCitation id="46D23CBDFFCDFF95E886F8FEABEFF862" collectingDate="2012-11-24" collectionCode="V" country="Vietnam" latitude="10.416667" location="Cat Tien National Park" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="107.416664" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Dong Nai" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="E0BCFD69FFCDFF95E886F8FEAAFEF846" box="[406,444,1904,1930]" count="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="8EAD7670FFCDFF95E8D8F8FEA968F846" box="[456,554,1904,1930]" name="Vietnam" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="347EF802FFCDFF95EB25F8FEA850F846" box="[565,786,1904,1930]" country="Vietnam" name="Dong Nai" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">Dong Nai Province</collectingRegion>
,
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,
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leg. (
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and
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);
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4.
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leg. (
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,
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</materialsCitation>
.
<collectorName id="5B4F5336FFCDFF95E9A0F852AA09F83A" box="[176,331,2012,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="48">M. Gnezdilov</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="90ABAE25FFCDFF95E89AF852AAFCF83A" box="[394,446,2012,2038]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="48" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCCFF94E987FB1BAA1EFB62" bold="true" box="[151,348,1173,1198]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49">FIGURES 31–32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31BA4D63FFCCFF94E87AFB18A9ACFB61" authorityName="Gnezdilov" authorityYear="2024" box="[362,750,1174,1198]" class="Insecta" family="Caliscelidae" genus="Symplanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cattiensis" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bambunella">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCCFF94E87AFB18AAA5FB62" box="[362,487,1174,1198]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="49">Symplanella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCCFF94E8EDFB18A935FB62" box="[509,631,1174,1198]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="49">Bambunella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCCFF94EB9EFB18A9ACFB61" box="[654,750,1174,1197]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="49">cattiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCCFF94EBECFB18A816FB62" bold="true" box="[764,852,1174,1198]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFFD5789FFCCFF94EBECFB18A816FB62" box="[764,852,1174,1198]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, paratype, female terminalia. 31—sternite VII, fused endogonocoxal lobes, and gonocoxae VIII; 32—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Abbrevitations: VII—sternite VII; Gx VIII— gonocoxa VIII; GxL—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Not to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="BEA0656BFFCCFF94E9D7FAC6AE0AFAAE" box="[199,1352,1352,1378]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFCCFF94E9D7FAC6AE0AFAAE" blockId="9.[199,1352,1352,1378]" box="[199,1352,1352,1378]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCCFF94E9D7FAC6AA0CFAAE" bold="true" box="[199,334,1352,1378]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named after the
<typeStatus id="29018842FFCCFF94EBBEFAC6A99CFAAE" box="[686,734,1352,1378]" pageId="9" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
locality—Cat Tien National Park in southern
<collectingCountry id="8EAD7670FFCCFF94EDF1FAC6AE06FAAE" box="[1249,1348,1352,1378]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="49">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
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</subSubSection>
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<mods:title id="FE5F2D68DCFCF9F4CC5AF1E34C92A174">Revisionary notes on the genera Symplanella Fennah, 1987 and Pseudosymplanella Che, Zhang et Webb, 2009 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Caliscelidae, Ommatidiotinae), with description of new subgenera and new species</mods:title>
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Subgenus
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<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC3FF9BE807FF19AAE9FF7E" bold="true" box="[279,427,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Bambunella</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFFD5789FFC3FF9BE8A3FF16A90FFF7E" box="[435,589,152,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" rank="subGenus">subgen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="BEA0656BFFC3FF9BE987FF59A99EFF23" box="[151,732,215,239]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
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<typeStatus id="29018842FFC3FF9BE987FF59AB8BFF23" box="[151,201,215,239]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Type</typeStatus>
species:
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<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC3FF9BE836FF59A945FF23" box="[294,519,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Symplanella zhongtua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="922B4B11FFC3FF9BEB1DFF59A99BFF23" author="Yang, L. &amp; Chen, X. - S." box="[525,729,215,239]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" pagination="19 - 30" refId="ref9725" refString="Yang, L. &amp; Chen, X. - S. (2014) Three new bamboo-feeding species of the genus Symplanella Fennah (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Caliscelidae) from China. ZooKeys, 408, 19 - 30. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 367.6641" type="journal article" year="2014">Yang et Chen, 2014</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC3FF9BE987FE93AA50FEFB" bold="true" box="[151,274,285,311]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Coryphe almost square or slightly elongate. Metope 1.5 times as long medially as wide between eyes. Pronotum with wide medial part and weakly acutely angulated anterior margin. Penis rather narrow, not flattened laterally. Hind margins of male pygofer often with processes variable in shape among the species.
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<subSubSection id="BEA0656BFFC3FF9BE9D7FE07AF7EFE0B" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
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<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC3FF9BE9D7FE07AA0CFE6F" bold="true" box="[199,334,393,419]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Etymology.</emphasis>
Subgeneric name is an amalgamation of “bamboo” and “nella”.
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<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC3FF9BE9D7FE23A972FE0B" bold="true" box="[199,560,429,455]" pageId="6" pageNumber="46">Composition and distribution.</emphasis>
Nine species known from
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and
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.
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254
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<mods:title id="E569F05F2FB5935057341DEF349BE62B">Revisionary notes on the genera Symplanella Fennah, 1987 and Pseudosymplanella Che, Zhang et Webb, 2009 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Caliscelidae, Ommatidiotinae), with description of new subgenera and new species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC7FF9FE987F991A847F9F5" blockId="2.[151,773,1567,1629]" box="[151,773,1567,1594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="AD4D818CFFC7FF9FE987F991A847F9F5" bold="true" box="[151,773,1567,1594]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="31BA4D63FFC7FF9FE987F991A847F9F5" ID-CoL="7B6MP" authority="Fennah, 1987" authorityName="Fennah" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,773,1567,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Caliscelidae" genus="Symplanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps" subGenus="Symplanella">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC7FF9FE987F991A847F9F5" bold="true" box="[151,773,1567,1594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC7FF9FE987F991AA6FF9F6" bold="true" box="[151,301,1567,1594]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Symplanella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC7FF9FE82EF991AA96F9F6" bold="true" box="[318,468,1567,1594]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Symplanella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC7FF9FE8F5F991A917F9F6" bold="true" box="[485,597,1567,1594]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">breviceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="922B4B11FFC7FF9FEB4DF991A847F9F5" author="Fennah, R. G." box="[605,773,1567,1593]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" pagination="243 - 247" refId="ref8875" refString="Fennah, R. G. (1987) A recharacterisation of the Ommatidiotini (Hem. - Hom., Fulgoroidea, Issidae, Caliscelinae) with the description of two new genera. Entomologist's monthly magazine, 123, 243 - 247." type="journal article" year="1987">Fennah, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BEA0656BFFC7FF9FE987F9CDAA5BF991" box="[151,281,1603,1629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC7FF9FE987F9CDAA5BF991" blockId="2.[151,773,1567,1629]" box="[151,281,1603,1629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
(
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC7FF9FE98FF9CDAA52F991" box="[159,272,1603,1629]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–3" captionStart-1="FIGURES 4–11" captionStart-2="FIGURES 12–13" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1393,1417]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1726,1750]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,264,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1425,353,1367]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1423,187,1691]" captionTargetBox-2="[410,1169,313,1333]" captionTargetId-0="figure-127@3.[151,1436,342,1367]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@4.[151,1436,179,1700]" captionTargetId-2="figure-83@5.[408,1179,306,1343]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–3. Symplanella (Symplanella) breviceps Fennah, 1987, male (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 1—dorsal view; 2—lateral view; 3—frontal view. Scale bar—1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 4–11. Symplanella (Symplanella) breviceps Fennah, 1987, male terminalia (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 4— pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 5—pygofer, caudal view; 6—anal tube, dorsal view; 7—penis and connective, lateral view; 8—penis and connective, ventral view; 9—style, lateral view; 10—style, dorsal view; 11—left apodeme of sternite II. Not to scale." captionText-2="FIGURES 12–13. Symplanella (Symplanella) breviceps Fennah, 1987, female terminalia (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 12—anal tube, ventral view; 13—sternite VII, gonocoxae VIII, and fused endogonocoxal lobes, ventral view. Abbrevitations: VII—sternite VII; Gx VIII—gonocoxa VIII; GxL—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Not to scale." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384926" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384930" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384932" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14384926/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14384930/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14384932/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Figs 1–13</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BEA0656BFFC7FF9EE987F90CAEDEFF19" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC7FF9FE987F90CA9E6F956" blockId="2.[151,676,1666,1690]" box="[151,676,1666,1690]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D6AA11CEFFC7FF9FE987F90CA9E6F956" box="[151,676,1666,1690]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
<treatmentCitation id="771B10F1FFC7FF9FE987F90CA902F956" author="Fennah, R. G." box="[151,576,1666,1690]" page="245" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" year="1987">
<taxonomicName id="31BA4D63FFC7FF9FE987F90CA902F956" ID-CoL="7B6MP" authority="Fennah, 1987: 245" authorityName="Fennah" authorityPageNumber="245" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,576,1666,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Caliscelidae" genus="Symplanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC7FF9FE987F90CAA39F956" box="[151,379,1666,1690]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Symplanella breviceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="922B4B11FFC7FF9FE891F90CA902F956" author="Fennah, R. G." box="[385,576,1666,1690]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42" pagination="243 - 247" refId="ref8875" refString="Fennah, R. G. (1987) A recharacterisation of the Ommatidiotini (Hem. - Hom., Fulgoroidea, Issidae, Caliscelinae) with the description of two new genera. Entomologist's monthly magazine, 123, 243 - 247." type="journal article" year="1987">Fennah, 1987: 245</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, figs 1–9.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC7FF9EE987F946AEDEFF19" blockId="2.[151,1436,1736,2015]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,321]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC7FF9FE987F946AAA1F92E" bold="true" box="[151,483,1736,1762]" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Supplementary description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC7FF9FE8FBF947A918F92F" box="[491,602,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Structure.</emphasis>
Coryphe elongate, 1.5 times as long medially as wide between eyes, with obtusely angulate anterior margin and sharply concave posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC7FF9FEAF3F962AF65F8CB" box="[995,1063,1772,1799]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1393,1417]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,353,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-127@3.[151,1436,342,1367]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Symplanella (Symplanella) breviceps Fennah, 1987, male (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 1—dorsal view; 2—lateral view; 3—frontal view. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384926/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Eyes large, each is as wide as coryphe (in dorsal view). Metope narrow, twice longer than wide between eyes, slightly enlarged above clypeus, with distinct median carina running throughout postclypeus and sublateral carinae not reaching metopoclypeal suture (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC7FF9FE9FBF8D6AA6DF8BF" box="[235,303,1880,1907]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1393,1417]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,353,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-127@3.[151,1436,342,1367]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Symplanella (Symplanella) breviceps Fennah, 1987, male (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 1—dorsal view; 2—lateral view; 3—frontal view. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384926/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Median and sublateral carinae joint at one point at upper margin of metope. Ocelli present. Rostrum with short and thick apical segment. Pronotum with narrow medial part and strongly acutely angulated anterior margin. Paradiscal fields of pronotum not narrow. Paranotal lobes nearly oval. Fore wings long and narrow, not narrowing apically, with a nodal line (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC7FF9FEB53F84AA9CBF813" box="[579,649,1988,2015]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1393,1417]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,353,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-127@3.[151,1436,342,1367]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Symplanella (Symplanella) breviceps Fennah, 1987, male (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 1—dorsal view; 2—lateral view; 3—frontal view. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384926/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="42">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Fore wings with elongate basal cell. Clavus long, 4/5 of whole wing length, reaching abdominal apex. Clavus closed, Pcu + A
<subScript id="6A3E34A5FFC6FF9EEA30FF27A86AFF7B" attach="left" box="[800,808,169,183]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">1</subScript>
running to CuP before claval apex. Radius and median running by short common stem from the basal cell. Forewing vein sequence: R 3, firstly furcating before nodal line;
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEA0656BFFC6FF98E987FF51AFA8F9F2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC6FF9EE987FF51AF9AFE8D" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">r-m 2; M 2–4, furcating after nodal line; m-cua 2–3; CuA 1–2; cua-cup 1. Hind wings as long as fore wings. Hind tibia with a single lateral spine medially and with two lateral and four (3 + 1) intermediate spines apically. First metatarsomere 3–4 times as long as second one. First and second metatarsomeres without spines.</paragraph>
<caption id="A2C56668FFC6FF9EE987FAFFA9E4FA61" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384926" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14384926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384926/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" startId="3.[151,264,1393,1417]" targetBox="[162,1425,353,1367]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC6FF9EE987FAFFA9E4FA61" blockId="3.[151,1436,1393,1453]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC6FF9EE987FAFFAA7EFA45" bold="true" box="[151,316,1393,1417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31BA4D63FFC6FF9EE855FAFFA815FA45" authority="Fennah, 1987" authorityName="Fennah" authorityYear="1987" box="[325,855,1393,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Caliscelidae" genus="Symplanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps" subGenus="Symplanella">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC6FF9EE855FAFFAA80FA45" box="[325,450,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Symplanella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC6FF9EE8C3FAFFA912FA45" box="[467,592,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Symplanella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC6FF9EEB70FAFFA982FA45" box="[608,704,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">breviceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="922B4B11FFC6FF9EEBD9FAFFA815FA45" author="Fennah, R. G." box="[713,855,1393,1417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43" pagination="243 - 247" refId="ref8875" refString="Fennah, R. G. (1987) A recharacterisation of the Ommatidiotini (Hem. - Hom., Fulgoroidea, Issidae, Caliscelinae) with the description of two new genera. Entomologist's monthly magazine, 123, 243 - 247." type="journal article" year="1987">Fennah, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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, male (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 1—dorsal view; 2—lateral view; 3—frontal view. Scale bar—1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC6FF9EE9D7FA71A926F965" blockId="3.[151,1437,1535,1922]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC6FF9EE9D7FA71AA00F9D5" box="[199,322,1535,1561]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Coloration</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC6FF9EE842FA71AAF4F9D6" box="[338,438,1535,1562]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1393,1417]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,353,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-127@3.[151,1436,342,1367]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Symplanella (Symplanella) breviceps Fennah, 1987, male (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 1—dorsal view; 2—lateral view; 3—frontal view. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384926/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
). Coryphe, pro- and mesonotum with wide red stripe medially. Metope pale, sometimes reddish between eyes. Pro- and mesonotum red laterally. Clypeus, fore and middle coxae, femora, apices of third tarsomeres, and claws dark brown to black. Pedicel with black spot. Fore and hind wings slightly opaque. Males with reddish veins of fore wings up to nodal line and black laterally abdominal sternites. Tips of leg spines black. Females with reddish abdominal tergites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC6FF9EE9D7F93AAF8CF84E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1535,1922]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC6FF9EE9D7F93AA958F901" bold="true" box="[199,538,1715,1742]" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">
Male terminalia (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC6FF9EE888F93DA94FF901" box="[408,525,1715,1741]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-15@4.[151,1436,179,1700]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4–11. Symplanella (Symplanella) breviceps Fennah, 1987, male terminalia (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 4— pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 5—pygofer, caudal view; 6—anal tube, dorsal view; 7—penis and connective, lateral view; 8—penis and connective, ventral view; 9—style, lateral view; 10—style, dorsal view; 11—left apodeme of sternite II. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384930/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Figs 4–11</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Abdominal sternite II with wide and short apodemes each bearing three spine-shaped processes on inner margins (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC6FF9EEB26F959A9C9F93E" box="[566,651,1751,1778]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-15@4.[151,1436,179,1700]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4–11. Symplanella (Symplanella) breviceps Fennah, 1987, male terminalia (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 4— pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 5—pygofer, caudal view; 6—anal tube, dorsal view; 7—penis and connective, lateral view; 8—penis and connective, ventral view; 9—style, lateral view; 10—style, dorsal view; 11—left apodeme of sternite II. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384930/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Anal tube short, with deeply concave hind margin (in dorsal view) (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC6FF9EE9B0F975ABA7F8D9" box="[160,229,1787,1813]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-15@4.[151,1436,179,1700]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4–11. Symplanella (Symplanella) breviceps Fennah, 1987, male terminalia (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 4— pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 5—pygofer, caudal view; 6—anal tube, dorsal view; 7—penis and connective, lateral view; 8—penis and connective, ventral view; 9—style, lateral view; 10—style, dorsal view; 11—left apodeme of sternite II. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384930/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Anal column wide. Pygofer elongate vertically, with weak processes of concaved hind margins below anal tube; lower margin without processes (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC6FF9EEB5DF891A9F1F8F6" box="[589,691,1823,1850]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-15@4.[151,1436,179,1700]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4–11. Symplanella (Symplanella) breviceps Fennah, 1987, male terminalia (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 4— pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 5—pygofer, caudal view; 6—anal tube, dorsal view; 7—penis and connective, lateral view; 8—penis and connective, ventral view; 9—style, lateral view; 10—style, dorsal view; 11—left apodeme of sternite II. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384930/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Figs 4, 5</figureCitation>
). Penis fused with connective, wide and flattened laterally, bottleshaped ventrally, with a short tubular apex (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC6FF9EEB98F8CDA9ADF892" box="[648,751,1859,1886]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-15@4.[151,1436,179,1700]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4–11. Symplanella (Symplanella) breviceps Fennah, 1987, male terminalia (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 4— pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 5—pygofer, caudal view; 6—anal tube, dorsal view; 7—penis and connective, lateral view; 8—penis and connective, ventral view; 9—style, lateral view; 10—style, dorsal view; 11—left apodeme of sternite II. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384930/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Figs 7, 8</figureCitation>
). Gonopore apical. Style with long and narrow caudo-dorsal angle of the plate and long neck, with large capitulum and finger-shaped apical part (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC6FF9EED5DF8E9AF83F84E" box="[1101,1217,1895,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 4–11" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,187,1691]" captionTargetId="figure-15@4.[151,1436,179,1700]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4–11. Symplanella (Symplanella) breviceps Fennah, 1987, male terminalia (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 4— pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 5—pygofer, caudal view; 6—anal tube, dorsal view; 7—penis and connective, lateral view; 8—penis and connective, ventral view; 9—style, lateral view; 10—style, dorsal view; 11—left apodeme of sternite II. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384930/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="43">Figs 9, 10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="A2C56668FFC1FF99E987F930AB93F88E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384930" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14384930" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384930/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" startId="4.[151,264,1726,1750]" targetBox="[164,1423,187,1691]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC1FF99E987F930AB93F88E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1726,1858]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC1FF99E987F930AA0AF91A" bold="true" box="[151,328,1726,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44">FIGURES 4–11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31BA4D63FFC1FF99E841F930A826F91A" authority="Fennah, 1987" authorityName="Fennah" authorityYear="1987" box="[337,868,1726,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Caliscelidae" genus="Symplanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps" subGenus="Symplanella">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC1FF99E841F930AA8CF91A" box="[337,462,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="44">Symplanella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC1FF99E8CFF930A91EF91A" box="[479,604,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="44">Symplanella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC1FF99EB7DF930A98FF91A" box="[621,717,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="44">breviceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="922B4B11FFC1FF99EBC6F930A826F91A" author="Fennah, R. G." box="[726,868,1726,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="44" pagination="243 - 247" refId="ref8875" refString="Fennah, R. G. (1987) A recharacterisation of the Ommatidiotini (Hem. - Hom., Fulgoroidea, Issidae, Caliscelinae) with the description of two new genera. Entomologist's monthly magazine, 123, 243 - 247." type="journal article" year="1987">Fennah, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, male terminalia (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 4— pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 5—pygofer, caudal view; 6—anal tube, dorsal view; 7—penis and connective, lateral view; 8—penis and connective, ventral view; 9—style, lateral view; 10—style, dorsal view; 11—left apodeme of sternite II. Not to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC0FF98E9D7FF19AF9CFF35" blockId="5.[151,1437,150,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC0FF98E9D7FF19A910FF7C" bold="true" box="[199,594,150,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">
Female terminalia (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC0FF98E8A9FF18A901FF7C" box="[441,579,150,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–13" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[410,1169,313,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-83@5.[408,1179,306,1343]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12–13. Symplanella (Symplanella) breviceps Fennah, 1987, female terminalia (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 12—anal tube, ventral view; 13—sternite VII, gonocoxae VIII, and fused endogonocoxal lobes, ventral view. Abbrevitations: VII—sternite VII; Gx VIII—gonocoxa VIII; GxL—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384932/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Figs 12, 13</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Hind margin of sternite VII widely concave, with endogonocoxal lobes fused in shape of large rounded sclerotization well visible behind its margin (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC0FF98ED00FF35AF27FF19" box="[1040,1125,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–13" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[410,1169,313,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-83@5.[408,1179,306,1343]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12–13. Symplanella (Symplanella) breviceps Fennah, 1987, female terminalia (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 12—anal tube, ventral view; 13—sternite VII, gonocoxae VIII, and fused endogonocoxal lobes, ventral view. Abbrevitations: VII—sternite VII; Gx VIII—gonocoxa VIII; GxL—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384932/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC0FF98ED62FF35AFE0FF19" box="[1138,1186,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">GxL</emphasis>
). Anal tube short and wide, with widely concave hind margin (in ventral view) (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC0FF98EA3BFF51A8C2FF35" box="[811,896,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–13" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1369,1393]" captionTargetBox="[410,1169,313,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-83@5.[408,1179,306,1343]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 12–13. Symplanella (Symplanella) breviceps Fennah, 1987, female terminalia (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 12—anal tube, ventral view; 13—sternite VII, gonocoxae VIII, and fused endogonocoxal lobes, ventral view. Abbrevitations: VII—sternite VII; Gx VIII—gonocoxa VIII; GxL—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384932/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Gonoplacs shortly triangular.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A2C56668FFC0FF98E987FAD7AF0AFA75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384932" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14384932" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384932/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" startId="5.[151,264,1369,1393]" targetBox="[410,1169,313,1333]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC0FF98E987FAD7AF0AFA75" blockId="5.[151,1437,1369,1466]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC0FF98E987FAD7AA1AFABD" bold="true" box="[151,344,1369,1393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">FIGURES 12–13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31BA4D63FFC0FF98E871FAD7A838FABE" authority="Fennah, 1987" authorityName="Fennah" authorityYear="1987" box="[353,890,1369,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Caliscelidae" genus="Symplanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="breviceps" subGenus="Symplanella">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC0FF98E871FAD7AA9CFABD" box="[353,478,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Symplanella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC0FF98E8E0FAD7A92FFABD" box="[496,621,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Symplanella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC0FF98EB90FAD7A9A2FABD" box="[640,736,1369,1393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">breviceps</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="922B4B11FFC0FF98EBFAFAD7A838FABE" author="Fennah, R. G." box="[746,890,1369,1394]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" pagination="243 - 247" refId="ref8875" refString="Fennah, R. G. (1987) A recharacterisation of the Ommatidiotini (Hem. - Hom., Fulgoroidea, Issidae, Caliscelinae) with the description of two new genera. Entomologist's monthly magazine, 123, 243 - 247." type="journal article" year="1987">Fennah, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, female terminalia (Thailand, Chumphon Province). 12—anal tube, ventral view; 13—sternite VII, gonocoxae VIII, and fused endogonocoxal lobes, ventral view. Abbrevitations: VII—sternite VII; Gx VIII—gonocoxa VIII; GxL—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Not to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC0FF98E9D7F9AAAFA8F9F2" blockId="5.[151,1437,1572,1778]" box="[199,1258,1572,1599]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC0FF98E9D7F9AAAA1FF9F2" bold="true" box="[199,349,1572,1598]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Total length.</emphasis>
Males and females—5.0 mm (from apex of coryphe to the apices of fore wings).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEA0656BFFC0FF98E9D7F9C9AAE2F93E" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC0FF98E9D7F9C9AAE2F93E" blockId="5.[151,1437,1572,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC0FF98E9D7F9C9AAF0F9AE" bold="true" box="[199,434,1607,1634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="46D23CBDFFC0FF98E8AAF9C6A8DAF94A" collectingDate="1996-03-27" collectingDateMax="1996-04-14" collectingDateMin="1996-03-27" collectionCode="MMBC" collectorName="P. Prudek" country="Thailand" latitude="9.8" location="Pha To" longLatPrecision="1299" longitude="98.78333" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Chumphon">
<specimenCount id="E0BCFD69FFC0FF98E8AAF9C6AA9CF9AE" box="[442,478,1608,1634]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="E0BCFD69FFC0FF98E8FCF9C6A94DF9AE" box="[492,527,1608,1634]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, “
<collectingCountry id="8EAD7670FFC0FF98EB38F9C6A9D3F9AE" box="[552,657,1608,1634]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="347EF802FFC0FF98EB8DF9C6A85BF9AE" box="[669,793,1608,1634]" country="Thailand" name="Chumphon" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Chumphon</collectingRegion>
/ prov.,
<date id="82041020FFC0FF98EA6AF9C6AF7DF9AE" box="[890,1087,1608,1634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" value="1996-03-27" valueMax="1996-04-14" valueMin="1996-03-27">
<collectingDate id="9240E9C8FFC0FF98EA6AF9C6AF7DF9AE" box="[890,1087,1608,1634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" value="1996-03-27" valueMax="1996-04-14" valueMin="1996-03-27">27.iii.–14.iv.1996</collectingDate>
</date>
/
<location id="F365603BFFC0FF98ED47F9C6AFE4F9AE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E1387F6FFC7FF98E987F991AAE2F93E:F365603BFFC0FF98ED47F9C6AFE4F9AE" box="[1111,1190,1608,1634]" country="Thailand" latitude="9.8" longLatPrecision="1299" longitude="98.78333" name="Pha To" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Chumphon">Pha To</location>
env.
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<geoCoordinate id="938E5027FFC0FF98EC2FF9C6AEDFF9AE" box="[1343,1437,1608,1634]" degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="98.78333">98°47´E</geoCoordinate>
/
<collectorName id="5B4F5336FFC0FF98E9B6F9E2AA52F94A" box="[166,272,1643,1670]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">P. Průdek</collectorName>
leg.” // “Collectio / Moravské museum / Brno” (
<collectionCode id="90ABAE25FFC0FF98EA23F9E2A8D2F94A" box="[819,912,1644,1670]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/w50r-ge1v" name="Moravske Muzeum [Moravian Museum]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">MMBC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="46D23CBDFFC0FF98EAB4F9E2AE27F966" collectionCode="ZIN" collectorName="Jiri Kolibac" country="Thailand" elevation="200" latitude="9.8" location="Phato" longLatPrecision="1299" longitude="98.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="201" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Chumphon">
<specimenCount id="E0BCFD69FFC0FF98EAB4F9E2A88AF94A" box="[932,968,1644,1670]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, “S.
<collectingCountry id="8EAD7670FFC0FF98EAEEF9E2AF26F94A" box="[1022,1124,1644,1670]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, 18–23.iv., /
<collectingRegion id="347EF802FFC0FF98EDE5F9E2AE33F94A" box="[1269,1393,1644,1670]" country="Thailand" name="Chumphon" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Chumphon</collectingRegion>
pr.,
<specimenCount id="E0BCFD69FFC0FF98E987F91EABA5F966" box="[151,231,1680,1706]" count="200" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" type="generic">
<quantity id="31429B05FFC0FF98E987F91EABA1F966" box="[151,227,1680,1706]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="200.0">
<elevation id="7D97D1D3FFC0FF98E987F91EABA1F966" box="[151,227,1680,1706]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
,/
<location id="F365603BFFC0FF98E9EFF91EAA00F966" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E1387F6FFC7FF98E987F991AAE2F93E:F365603BFFC0FF98E9EFF91EAA00F966" box="[255,322,1680,1706]" country="Thailand" latitude="9.8" longLatPrecision="1299" longitude="98.8" name="Phato" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" stateProvince="Chumphon">Phato</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="938E5027FFC0FF98E85EF91EAAE3F966" box="[334,417,1680,1706]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="9.8">9°48´N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="938E5027FFC0FF98E8BAF91EA948F966" box="[426,522,1680,1706]" degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="98.8">98°48´E</geoCoordinate>
, /
<collectorName id="5B4F5336FFC0FF98EB38F91EA9ECF966" box="[552,686,1680,1706]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Jiří Kolibáč</collectorName>
leg., 1997” // “Collectio / Moravské museum / Brno” (
<collectionCode id="90ABAE25FFC0FF98EC38F91EAE1EF966" box="[1320,1372,1680,1706]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="46D23CBDFFC0FF98EC62F91EAADEF93E" collectingDate="1996-03-22" collectingDateMax="1996-03-26" collectingDateMin="1996-03-22" collectionCode="ZIN" collectorName="P. Prudek" country="Thailand" latitude="9.566667" location="Ranong prov." longLatPrecision="1299" longitude="98.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Ranong">
<specimenCount id="E0BCFD69FFC0FF98EC62F91EAED7F966" box="[1394,1429,1680,1706]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, “
<collectingCountry id="8EAD7670FFC0FF98E9B1F93AAA48F902" box="[161,266,1716,1742]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="82041020FFC0FF98E806F93AAAFBF902" box="[278,441,1716,1742]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" value="1996-03-22" valueMax="1996-03-26" valueMin="1996-03-22">
<collectingDate id="9240E9C8FFC0FF98E806F93AAAFBF902" box="[278,441,1716,1742]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" value="1996-03-22" valueMax="1996-03-26" valueMin="1996-03-22">22–26.iii.1996</collectingDate>
</date>
/
<collectingRegion id="347EF802FFC0FF98E8DFF93AA925F902" box="[463,615,1716,1742]" country="Thailand" name="Ranong" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">Ranong prov.</collectingRegion>
<geoCoordinate id="938E5027FFC0FF98EB7EF93AA982F902" box="[622,704,1716,1742]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="9.566667">9°34´N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="938E5027FFC0FF98EBD8F93AA867F902" box="[712,805,1716,1742]" degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" precision="925" value="98.7">98°42´E</geoCoordinate>
/ Ban Na env. /
<collectorName id="5B4F5336FFC0FF98EACDF93AAF05F902" box="[989,1095,1715,1742]" pageId="5" pageNumber="45">P. Průdek</collectorName>
leg.” // “Collectio / Moravské museum / Brno” (
<collectionCode id="90ABAE25FFC0FF98E84FF956AAD1F93E" box="[351,403,1752,1778]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="45" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="F7F066B8B0BE899F49B5A225697ACE1C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5543.1.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14384924" ID-ZooBank="98F81CC2-4AF3-46A8-A9A0-81008EF4EFE9" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1733916836991" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gnezdilov, Vladimir M." docDate="2024" docId="7E1387F6FFCFFF91E987F95AAA7BF95D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5543.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5543 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5543.1.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani Gnezdilov, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="822AFF8EFFC5FF9DE910FF8EAB42FFCC" masterDocTitle="Revisionary notes on the genera Symplanella Fennah, 1987 and Pseudosymplanella Che, Zhang et Webb, 2009 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Caliscelidae, Ommatidiotinae), with description of new subgenera and new species" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="40" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1733917367483" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E3575A6E08DA3B1B09DD615DF4130060">Revisionary notes on the genera Symplanella Fennah, 1987 and Pseudosymplanella Che, Zhang et Webb, 2009 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Caliscelidae, Ommatidiotinae), with description of new subgenera and new species</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="52B0B6C96EC5435E86E617BA8E60CFC2">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="BEA0656BFFCFFF97E987F95AA9A5F923" box="[151,743,1748,1775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFCFFF97E987F95AA9A5F923" blockId="10.[151,743,1748,1811]" box="[151,743,1748,1775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="AD4D818CFFCFFF97E987F95AA9A5F923" bold="true" box="[151,743,1748,1775]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCFFF97E987F95AA9A5F923" bold="true" box="[151,743,1748,1775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="31BA4D63FFCFFF97E987F95AA9C0F923" authorityName="Gnezdilov" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,642,1748,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Caliscelidae" genus="Pseudosymplanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kubani" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Nelobamba">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCFFF97E987F95AAAC2F923" bold="true" box="[151,384,1748,1775]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">Pseudosymplanella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCFFF97E881F95AA95EF923" bold="true" box="[401,540,1748,1775]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">Nelobamba</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCFFF97EB3DF95AA9C0F923" bold="true" box="[557,642,1748,1775]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">kubani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFFD5789FFCFFF97EB99F95BA9A5F923" box="[649,743,1749,1775]" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BEA0656BFFCFFF91E987F976AE0EFA59" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFCFFF97E987F976AA65F8DF" blockId="10.[151,743,1748,1811]" box="[151,295,1784,1811]" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">
(
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFCFFF97E98FF976AA5DF8DF" box="[159,287,1784,1811]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 33–36" captionStart-1="FIGURES 37–39" captionStart-2="FIGURES 40–49" captionStart-3="FIGURES 50–51" captionStartId-0="11.[151,264,1843,1867]" captionStartId-1="12.[151,264,828,852]" captionStartId-2="13.[151,264,1666,1690]" captionStartId-3="14.[151,264,928,952]" captionTargetBox-0="[180,1408,671,1806]" captionTargetBox-1="[283,1302,183,799]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,1428,186,1633]" captionTargetBox-3="[346,1238,183,896]" captionTargetId-0="figure-267@11.[169,1419,666,1817]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@12.[280,1308,179,802]" captionTargetId-2="figure-33@13.[151,1436,179,1640]" captionTargetId-3="figure-15@14.[340,1247,179,902]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionTargetPageId-3="14" captionText-0="FIGURES 33–36. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., female, paratype. 33—dorsal view; 34—lateral view; 35—frontal view; 36—abdomen ventrally. Scale bar—1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 37–39. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov. 37—holotype, head, dorsal view; 38—male paratype, left forewing; 39—holotype, apex of left forewing. Not to scale." captionText-2="FIGURES 40–49. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., paratype, male terminalia. 40—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 41—pygofer, caudal view; 42—anal tube, dorsal view; 43—anal tube, caudal view; 44—penis and connective, lateral view; 45—penis and connective, ventral view; 46—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 47—style, lateral view; 48— styles, ventral view; 49—right apodeme of sternite II. Abbreviation: ls—lobe between styles. Not to scale." captionText-3="FIGURES 50–51. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., paratype, female terminalia. 50—anal tube, ventral view; 51—sternite VII, gonocoxae VIII, and fused endogonocoxal lobes, ventral view. Abbrevitations: VII—sternite VII; Gx VIII— gonocoxa VIII; GxL—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Not to scale." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384946" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384948" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384952" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384954" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14384946/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14384948/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14384952/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/14384954/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">Figs 33–51</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFCFFF96E987F8CEAFC9FDD5" blockId="10.[151,1437,1856,2027]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,150,645]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCFFF97E987F8CEAA6BF896" bold="true" box="[151,297,1856,1882]" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCFFF97E821F8CFAADDF897" box="[305,415,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">Structure.</emphasis>
Eyes large, each is 0.6 as wide as coryphe (in dorsal view) (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFCFFF97ED40F8CEAFEAF897" box="[1104,1192,1856,1883]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–36" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,671,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-267@11.[169,1419,666,1817]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33–36. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., female, paratype. 33—dorsal view; 34—lateral view; 35—frontal view; 36—abdomen ventrally. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384946/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">Figs 33</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFCFFF97EDA5F8CFAF97F897" box="[1205,1237,1857,1883]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–39" captionStartId="12.[151,264,828,852]" captionTargetBox="[283,1302,183,799]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[280,1308,179,802]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 37–39. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov. 37—holotype, head, dorsal view; 38—male paratype, left forewing; 39—holotype, apex of left forewing. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384948/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">37</figureCitation>
). Coryphe almost square, 1.3 times as wide between eyes as long at midline, with convex anterior margin, deeply concave posterior margin, and lateral margins nearly straight.. Coryphe with short median carina developed only basally (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFCFFF97EC29F806AED2F86F" box="[1337,1424,1928,1955]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–39" captionStartId="12.[151,264,828,852]" captionTargetBox="[283,1302,183,799]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[280,1308,179,802]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 37–39. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov. 37—holotype, head, dorsal view; 38—male paratype, left forewing; 39—holotype, apex of left forewing. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384948/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
). Metope as wide between eyes as long medially, enlarged above clypeus, with median and sublateral carinae running from its upper margin separately (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFCFFF97EB0CF85EA933F827" box="[540,625,2000,2027]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–36" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,671,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-267@11.[169,1419,666,1817]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33–36. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., female, paratype. 33—dorsal view; 34—lateral view; 35—frontal view; 36—abdomen ventrally. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384946/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
). Median carina running throughout postclypeus; sublateral carinae not reaching metopoclypeal suture. Metopoclypeal suture strongly convex. Rostrum reaching hind coxae, 3
<superScript id="01CF9BA8FFCEFF96EC9EFF18AEDEFF68" attach="none" box="[1422,1436,150,164]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="51">rd</superScript>
segment short and wide. Metope and coryphe joint at acute angle in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFCEFF96ED23FF35AFCAFF19" box="[1075,1160,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–36" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,671,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-267@11.[169,1419,666,1817]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33–36. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., female, paratype. 33—dorsal view; 34—lateral view; 35—frontal view; 36—abdomen ventrally. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384946/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="51">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
). Pronotum with convex anterior margin and deeply concave posterior margin, without carinae. Paradiscal fields of pronotum not narrow. Paranotal lobes of pronotum elongately oval. Mesonotum twice longer than pronotum medially, without carinae. Fore wings long and narrow, with narrowly rounded apices, surpassing beyond abdominal apex at 1/5 of its length; without nodal line. Clavus long, 2/3 of whole wing length, reaching abdominal apex. Clavus opened, Pcu + A
<subScript id="6A3E34A5FFCEFF96EC84FED3AEDEFEA7" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,349,363]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="51">1</subScript>
running to its apex. Basal cell long and narrow. R and M running by one short stem from the basal cell (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFCEFF96EC2AFEE1AED2FE45" box="[1338,1424,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–39" captionStartId="12.[151,264,828,852]" captionTargetBox="[283,1302,183,799]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[280,1308,179,802]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 37–39. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov. 37—holotype, head, dorsal view; 38—male paratype, left forewing; 39—holotype, apex of left forewing. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384948/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="51">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
). Forewing vein sequence: R 2, furcating apically; r-m 2; M 3–5, furcating apically; m-cua 2; CuA 1–2; cua-cup 1 (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFCEFF96E98FFE39AA67FE1D" box="[159,293,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 37–39" captionStartId="12.[151,264,828,852]" captionTargetBox="[283,1302,183,799]" captionTargetId="figure-15@12.[280,1308,179,802]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 37–39. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov. 37—holotype, head, dorsal view; 38—male paratype, left forewing; 39—holotype, apex of left forewing. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384948/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="51">Figs 38, 39</figureCitation>
). Hind tibia with a single lateral spine medially and two lateral and four (3 + 1) intermediate spines apically. First metatarsomere nearly three times as long as second one. First and second metatarsomeres without spines. Hind margin of arolium of pretarsus surpassing beyond claw apices in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFCEFF96E9D7FDADA83FFD49" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,645]" pageId="11" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCEFF96E9D7FDADAA08FDF1" box="[199,330,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="51">Coloration.</emphasis>
General coloration straw-yellow (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFCEFF96EBD2FDADA806FDF1" box="[706,836,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–36" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,671,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-267@11.[169,1419,666,1817]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33–36. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., female, paratype. 33—dorsal view; 34—lateral view; 35—frontal view; 36—abdomen ventrally. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384946/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="51">Figs 33–36</figureCitation>
). Metope whitish above clypeus (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFCEFF96EDA2FDADAE46FDF1" box="[1202,1284,546,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–36" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,671,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-267@11.[169,1419,666,1817]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33–36. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., female, paratype. 33—dorsal view; 34—lateral view; 35—frontal view; 36—abdomen ventrally. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384946/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="51">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
). Postclypeus light brown basally, sometimes with brown stripes. Pedicel with a large black spot. Ocelli surrounded by red. Fore and hind wings slightly opaque. Claws and tips of leg spine black.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A2C56668FFCEFF96E987F8BDA844F8A3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14384946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384946/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="51" startId="11.[151,264,1843,1867]" targetBox="[180,1408,671,1806]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFCEFF96E987F8BDA844F8A3" blockId="11.[151,1436,1843,1903]" pageId="11" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCEFF96E987F8BDAA15F887" bold="true" box="[151,343,1843,1867]" pageId="11" pageNumber="51">FIGURES 33–36.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31BA4D63FFCEFF96E871F8BDA841F887" authorityName="Gnezdilov" authorityYear="2024" box="[353,771,1843,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Caliscelidae" genus="Pseudosymplanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kubani" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Nelobamba">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCEFF96E871F8BDA964F887" box="[353,550,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="51">Pseudosymplanella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCEFF96EB27F8BDA9EEF887" box="[567,684,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="51">Nelobamba</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCEFF96EBAEF8BDA841F887" box="[702,771,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="51">kubani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCEFF96EA1DF8BDA822F887" bold="true" box="[781,864,1843,1867]" pageId="11" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFFD5789FFCEFF96EA1DF8BDA822F887" box="[781,864,1843,1867]" pageId="11" pageNumber="51" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, female, paratype. 33—dorsal view; 34—lateral view; 35—frontal view; 36—abdomen ventrally. Scale bar—1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A2C56668FFC9FF91E987FCB2A9B8FCB4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384948" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14384948" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384948/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" startId="12.[151,264,828,852]" targetBox="[283,1302,183,799]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC9FF91E987FCB2A9B8FCB4" blockId="12.[151,1436,828,888]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC9FF91E987FCB2AA16FC98" bold="true" box="[151,340,828,852]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">FIGURES 37–39.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="31BA4D63FFC9FF91E84AFCB2A9B5FC98" authorityName="Gnezdilov" authorityYear="2024" box="[346,759,828,853]" class="Insecta" family="Caliscelidae" genus="Pseudosymplanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kubani" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Nelobamba">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC9FF91E84AFCB2A95DFC98" box="[346,543,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Pseudosymplanella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC9FF91EB3EFCB2A9E1FC98" box="[558,675,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Nelobamba</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC9FF91EBA2FCB2A9B5FC98" box="[690,759,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">kubani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC9FF91EBEDFCB3A80CFC99" bold="true" box="[765,846,829,853]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DFFD5789FFC9FF91EBEDFCB3A80CFC99" box="[765,846,829,853]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
37—holotype, head, dorsal view; 38—male paratype, left forewing; 39—holotype, apex of left forewing. Not to scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC9FF91E9D7FC45A8A6FB2D" blockId="12.[151,1437,970,1681]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC9FF91E9D7FC45A972FC28" bold="true" box="[199,560,970,997]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">
Male terminalia (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC9FF91E88CFC44A966FC28" box="[412,548,970,996]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–49" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1666,1690]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,186,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-33@13.[151,1436,179,1640]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 40–49. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., paratype, male terminalia. 40—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 41—pygofer, caudal view; 42—anal tube, dorsal view; 43—anal tube, caudal view; 44—penis and connective, lateral view; 45—penis and connective, ventral view; 46—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 47—style, lateral view; 48— styles, ventral view; 49—right apodeme of sternite II. Abbreviation: ls—lobe between styles. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384952/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Figs 40–49</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Abdominal sternite II with long and narrow apodemes each bearing spine-shaped process on its inner side (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC9FF91EB10FC61A910FBC5" box="[512,594,1007,1033]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–49" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1666,1690]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,186,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-33@13.[151,1436,179,1640]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 40–49. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., paratype, male terminalia. 40—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 41—pygofer, caudal view; 42—anal tube, dorsal view; 43—anal tube, caudal view; 44—penis and connective, lateral view; 45—penis and connective, ventral view; 46—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 47—style, lateral view; 48— styles, ventral view; 49—right apodeme of sternite II. Abbreviation: ls—lobe between styles. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384952/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
). Pygofer wide; hind margins concave below anal tube, with long undulating filiform processes (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC9FF91E87FFB9DAA86FBE1" box="[367,452,1043,1069]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–49" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1666,1690]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,186,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-33@13.[151,1436,179,1640]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 40–49. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., paratype, male terminalia. 40—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 41—pygofer, caudal view; 42—anal tube, dorsal view; 43—anal tube, caudal view; 44—penis and connective, lateral view; 45—penis and connective, ventral view; 46—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 47—style, lateral view; 48— styles, ventral view; 49—right apodeme of sternite II. Abbreviation: ls—lobe between styles. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384952/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
). Lower margin of pygofer weakly convex medially (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC9FF91ED08FB9DAF2EFBE1" box="[1048,1132,1043,1069]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–49" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1666,1690]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,186,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-33@13.[151,1436,179,1640]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 40–49. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., paratype, male terminalia. 40—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 41—pygofer, caudal view; 42—anal tube, dorsal view; 43—anal tube, caudal view; 44—penis and connective, lateral view; 45—penis and connective, ventral view; 46—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 47—style, lateral view; 48— styles, ventral view; 49—right apodeme of sternite II. Abbreviation: ls—lobe between styles. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384952/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
). Anal tube large (in lateral view), slightly longer than wide medially (in dorsal view), with pair of short processes ventro-apically (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC9FF91EC2EFBB9ABA1FBB9" captionStart="FIGURES 40–49" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1666,1690]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,186,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-33@13.[151,1436,179,1640]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 40–49. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., paratype, male terminalia. 40—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 41—pygofer, caudal view; 42—anal tube, dorsal view; 43—anal tube, caudal view; 44—penis and connective, lateral view; 45—penis and connective, ventral view; 46—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 47—style, lateral view; 48— styles, ventral view; 49—right apodeme of sternite II. Abbreviation: ls—lobe between styles. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384952/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Figs 40, 42, 43</figureCitation>
). Anal column long, 1/3 of anal tube length. Penis fused with connective, with tubular-shaped and curved aedeagal shaft (in lateral view) (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC9FF91E8EEFBF1A911FB55" box="[510,595,1151,1177]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–49" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1666,1690]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,186,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-33@13.[151,1436,179,1640]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 40–49. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., paratype, male terminalia. 40—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 41—pygofer, caudal view; 42—anal tube, dorsal view; 43—anal tube, caudal view; 44—penis and connective, lateral view; 45—penis and connective, ventral view; 46—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 47—style, lateral view; 48— styles, ventral view; 49—right apodeme of sternite II. Abbreviation: ls—lobe between styles. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384952/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
). Aedeagal shaft wide, with denticles laterally below apex (in ventral view) (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC9FF91E98FFB2DABB5FB71" box="[159,247,1186,1213]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–49" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1666,1690]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,186,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-33@13.[151,1436,179,1640]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 40–49. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., paratype, male terminalia. 40—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 41—pygofer, caudal view; 42—anal tube, dorsal view; 43—anal tube, caudal view; 44—penis and connective, lateral view; 45—penis and connective, ventral view; 46—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 47—style, lateral view; 48— styles, ventral view; 49—right apodeme of sternite II. Abbreviation: ls—lobe between styles. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384952/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
). Gonopore apical (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC9FF91E8CCFB2DA921FB70" box="[476,611,1186,1213]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–49" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1666,1690]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,186,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-33@13.[151,1436,179,1640]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 40–49. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., paratype, male terminalia. 40—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 41—pygofer, caudal view; 42—anal tube, dorsal view; 43—anal tube, caudal view; 44—penis and connective, lateral view; 45—penis and connective, ventral view; 46—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 47—style, lateral view; 48— styles, ventral view; 49—right apodeme of sternite II. Abbreviation: ls—lobe between styles. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384952/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Figs 44–46</figureCitation>
). Style with wide plate and wide capitulum bearing denticles (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC9FF91EC29FB2DAED2FB71" box="[1337,1424,1187,1213]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–49" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1666,1690]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,186,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-33@13.[151,1436,179,1640]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 40–49. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., paratype, male terminalia. 40—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 41—pygofer, caudal view; 42—anal tube, dorsal view; 43—anal tube, caudal view; 44—penis and connective, lateral view; 45—penis and connective, ventral view; 46—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 47—style, lateral view; 48— styles, ventral view; 49—right apodeme of sternite II. Abbreviation: ls—lobe between styles. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384952/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
). Styles fused medially with a large elongate lobe between them (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC9FF91EA73FB49A8F7FB2D" box="[867,949,1223,1249]" captionStart="FIGURES 40–49" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1666,1690]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,186,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-33@13.[151,1436,179,1640]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 40–49. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., paratype, male terminalia. 40—pygofer and anal tube, lateral view; 41—pygofer, caudal view; 42—anal tube, dorsal view; 43—anal tube, caudal view; 44—penis and connective, lateral view; 45—penis and connective, ventral view; 46—apex of aedeagal shaft, dorsal view; 47—style, lateral view; 48— styles, ventral view; 49—right apodeme of sternite II. Abbreviation: ls—lobe between styles. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384952/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
,
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC9FF91EAD1FB49A896FB2D" box="[961,980,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">ls</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC9FF91E9D7FB65A9BAFABD" blockId="12.[151,1437,970,1681]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC9FF91E9D7FB65A939FAC8" bold="true" box="[199,635,1258,1285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">
Female terminalia (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC9FF91E8A6FB64A953FAC8" box="[438,529,1258,1284]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–36" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,671,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-267@11.[169,1419,666,1817]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33–36. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., female, paratype. 33—dorsal view; 34—lateral view; 35—frontal view; 36—abdomen ventrally. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384946/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Figs 36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC9FF91EB31FB64A92EFAC8" box="[545,620,1258,1284]" captionStart="FIGURES 50–51" captionStartId="14.[151,264,928,952]" captionTargetBox="[346,1238,183,896]" captionTargetId="figure-15@14.[340,1247,179,902]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 50–51. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., paratype, female terminalia. 50—anal tube, ventral view; 51—sternite VII, gonocoxae VIII, and fused endogonocoxal lobes, ventral view. Abbrevitations: VII—sternite VII; Gx VIII— gonocoxa VIII; GxL—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384954/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">50, 51</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Hind margin of female sternite VII sharply concave medially, with angularly protruding margins of this concavity (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC9FF91EBC8FA81A874FAE4" box="[728,822,1294,1321]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–36" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1843,1867]" captionTargetBox="[180,1408,671,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-267@11.[169,1419,666,1817]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 33–36. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., female, paratype. 33—dorsal view; 34—lateral view; 35—frontal view; 36—abdomen ventrally. Scale bar—1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384946/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Figs 36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC9FF91EA56FA80A824FAE5" box="[838,870,1294,1321]" captionStart="FIGURES 50–51" captionStartId="14.[151,264,928,952]" captionTargetBox="[346,1238,183,896]" captionTargetId="figure-15@14.[340,1247,179,902]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 50–51. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., paratype, female terminalia. 50—anal tube, ventral view; 51—sternite VII, gonocoxae VIII, and fused endogonocoxal lobes, ventral view. Abbrevitations: VII—sternite VII; Gx VIII— gonocoxa VIII; GxL—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384954/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">51</figureCitation>
). Endogonocoxal lobes fused in shape of large sclerotizaton, with a median carina (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC9FF91EB58FABDA9E2FA81" box="[584,672,1330,1357]" captionStart="FIGURES 50–51" captionStartId="14.[151,264,928,952]" captionTargetBox="[346,1238,183,896]" captionTargetId="figure-15@14.[340,1247,179,902]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 50–51. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., paratype, female terminalia. 50—anal tube, ventral view; 51—sternite VII, gonocoxae VIII, and fused endogonocoxal lobes, ventral view. Abbrevitations: VII—sternite VII; Gx VIII— gonocoxa VIII; GxL—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384954/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
, GxL). Anal tube short, cylindrical, weakly concave apically (in ventral view) (
<figureCitation id="6E812A65FFC9FF91E82FFAD9AAD4FABD" box="[319,406,1366,1393]" captionStart="FIGURES 50–51" captionStartId="14.[151,264,928,952]" captionTargetBox="[346,1238,183,896]" captionTargetId="figure-15@14.[340,1247,179,902]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 50–51. Pseudosymplanella (Nelobamba) kubani sp. nov., paratype, female terminalia. 50—anal tube, ventral view; 51—sternite VII, gonocoxae VIII, and fused endogonocoxal lobes, ventral view. Abbrevitations: VII—sternite VII; Gx VIII— gonocoxa VIII; GxL—fused endogonocoxal lobes. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14384954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14384954/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
). Gonoplacs shortly triangular.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC9FF91E9D7FAF5AE0EFA59" blockId="12.[151,1437,970,1681]" box="[199,1356,1402,1429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC9FF91E9D7FAF5A8E8FA58" bold="true" box="[199,938,1402,1429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Total length (from apex of coryphe to the apices of forewings).</emphasis>
Males—4.5 mm. Females—5.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BEA0656BFFC9FF91E9D7FA11AF30F985" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFC9FF91E9D7FA11AF30F985" blockId="12.[151,1437,970,1681]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFC9FF91E9D7FA11AA36FA75" bold="true" box="[199,372,1438,1465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="46D23CBDFFC9FF91E86AFA11A8A9FA11" collectingDate="1999-04-21" collectionCode="MMBC" collectorName="Vit. Kuban" country="Laos" elevation="300" latitude="19.883333" location="Louang Phrabang prov." pageId="12" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="29018842FFC9FF91E86AFA11AAA7FA75" box="[378,485,1439,1465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="E0BCFD69FFC9FF91E8FFFA11A944FA75" box="[495,518,1439,1465]" count="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, “
<collectingCountry id="8EAD7670FFC9FF91EB0CFA11A916FA75" box="[540,596,1439,1465]" name="Laos" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Laos</collectingCountry>
—N,
<date id="82041020FFC9FF91EB82FA11A84FFA75" box="[658,781,1439,1465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" value="1999-04-21">
<collectingDate id="9240E9C8FFC9FF91EB82FA11A84FFA75" box="[658,781,1439,1465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" value="1999-04-21">21.IV.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
/
<location id="F365603BFFC9FF91EA32FA11AF6BFA75" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E1387F6FFCFFF91E987F95AAA7BF95D:F365603BFFC9FF91EA32FA11AF6BFA75" box="[802,1065,1439,1465]" country="Laos" latitude="19.883333" name="Louang Phrabang prov." pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Louang Phrabang prov.</location>
, /
<geoCoordinate id="938E5027FFC9FF91ED51FA10AFE0FA75" box="[1089,1186,1438,1465]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="19.883333">19°53´N</geoCoordinate>
102°69´E, / Khan riv.,
<quantity id="31429B05FFC9FF91E987FA4DAB9FFA11" box="[151,221,1475,1501]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="300.0">
<elevation id="7D97D1D3FFC9FF91E987FA4DAB9FFA11" box="[151,221,1475,1501]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
/
<collectorName id="5B4F5336FFC9FF91E9E1FA4DAA29FA11" box="[241,363,1475,1501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Vit. Kubáň</collectorName>
leg.” // “Collectio / Moravské museum / Brno” (
<collectionCode id="90ABAE25FFC9FF91EA96FA4DA8A6FA11" box="[902,996,1475,1501]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/w50r-ge1v" name="Moravske Muzeum [Moravian Museum]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">MMBC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="46D23CBDFFC9FF91EAE5FA4DA973F9E9" collectingDate="1999-04-21" collectionCode="MMBC, ZIN" collectorName="Vit. Kuban" country="Laos" elevation="300" latitude="19.883333" location="Louang Phrabang prov." pageId="12" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="29018842FFC9FF91EAE5FA4DAF24FA11" box="[1013,1126,1475,1501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="E0BCFD69FFC9FF91ED60FA4DAFD6FA11" box="[1136,1172,1475,1501]" count="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, “
<collectingCountry id="8EAD7670FFC9FF91EDBAFA4DAFA0FA11" box="[1194,1250,1475,1501]" name="Laos" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Laos</collectingCountry>
—N,
<date id="82041020FFC9FF91EC30FA4DAEDEFA11" box="[1312,1436,1475,1501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" value="1999-04-21">
<collectingDate id="9240E9C8FFC9FF91EC30FA4DAEDEFA11" box="[1312,1436,1475,1501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" value="1999-04-21">21.IV.1999</collectingDate>
</date>
/
<location id="F365603BFFC9FF91E9BAFA69AAF8F9CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E1387F6FFCFFF91E987F95AAA7BF95D:F365603BFFC9FF91E9BAFA69AAF8F9CD" box="[170,442,1511,1537]" country="Laos" latitude="19.883333" name="Louang Phrabang prov." pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Louang Phrabang prov.</location>
, /
<geoCoordinate id="938E5027FFC9FF91E8CAFA68A979F9CD" box="[474,571,1510,1537]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="19.883333">19°53´N</geoCoordinate>
102°69´E, / Khan riv.,
<quantity id="31429B05FFC9FF91EA42FA69A8DFF9CD" box="[850,925,1511,1537]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="300.0">
<elevation id="7D97D1D3FFC9FF91EA42FA69A8DFF9CD" box="[850,925,1511,1537]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
/
<collectorName id="5B4F5336FFC9FF91EAA9FA69AF7AF9CD" box="[953,1080,1511,1537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Vit. Kubáň</collectorName>
leg.” // “Collectio / Moravské museum / Brno” (
<collectionCode id="90ABAE25FFC9FF91E873F985AAFEF9E9" box="[355,444,1547,1573]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/w50r-ge1v" name="Moravske Muzeum [Moravian Museum]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">MMBC</collectionCode>
and
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)
</materialsCitation>
;
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, “
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—N,
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<collectingDate id="9240E9C8FFC9FF91EBE3F985A82DF9E9" box="[755,879,1547,1573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52" value="1999-04-21">21.IV.1999</collectingDate>
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/
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, /
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, / Muang Ngoy,
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<collectorName id="5B4F5336FFC9FF91E884F9A1A94DF985" box="[404,527,1583,1609]" pageId="12" pageNumber="52">Vit. Kubáň</collectorName>
leg.” // “Collectio / Moravské museum / Brno” (
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The species is named in honour of Czech coleopterologist Vítězslav Kubáň who collected the
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series in
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.
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Subgenus
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Generally green or straw-yellow except pedicel with a black spot and postclypeus sometimes brown. Style wide, not curved apically. Hind margin of female sternite VII sharply concave medially. Endogonocoxal lobes fused in shape of large sclerotizaton.
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Two species from southern
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<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCFFF97E987FB97AF35FBF8" bold="true" box="[151,1143,1049,1076]" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCFFF97E987FB97AAC2FBF8" bold="true" box="[151,384,1049,1076]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">Pseudosymplanella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCFFF97E881FB97A938FBF8" bold="true" box="[401,634,1049,1076]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">Pseudosymplanella</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCFFF97EB9BFB97A866FBFF" bold="true" box="[651,804,1049,1075]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">nigrifasciata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="922B4B11FFCFFF97EA3CFB97AF35FBF8" author="Che, Y. L. &amp; Zhang, Y. L. &amp; Webb, M. D." box="[812,1143,1049,1076]" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" pagination="49 - 54" refId="ref8673" refString="Che, Y. L., Zhang, Y. L. &amp; Webb, M. D. (2009) A new genus and species of the planthopper tribe Augilini Baker (Hemiptera, Caliscelidae, Ommatidiotinae) from Thailand and China. Zootaxa, 2311 (1), 49 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2311.1.4" type="journal article" year="2009">Che, Zhang et Webb, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BEA0656BFFCFFF97E987FBD7A887FBBD" box="[151,965,1113,1137]" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F60536E0FFCFFF97E987FBD7A887FBBD" blockId="10.[151,965,1113,1137]" box="[151,965,1113,1137]" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D6AA11CEFFCFFF97E987FBD7A887FBBD" box="[151,965,1113,1137]" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitation id="771B10F1FFCFFF97E987FBD7A860FBBD" author="Che, Y. L. &amp; Zhang, Y. L. &amp; Webb, M. D." box="[151,802,1113,1137]" page="50" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" year="2009">
<taxonomicName id="31BA4D63FFCFFF97E987FBD7A860FBBD" ID-CoL="4PCJF" authority="Che, Zhang et Webb, 2009: 50" authorityName="Che, Zhang et Webb" authorityPageNumber="50" authorityYear="2009" box="[151,802,1113,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Caliscelidae" genus="Pseudosymplanella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrifasciata">
<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCFFF97E987FBD7AAA7FBBD" box="[151,485,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">Pseudosymplanella nigrifasciata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="922B4B11FFCFFF97E8FAFBD7A860FBBD" author="Che, Y. L. &amp; Zhang, Y. L. &amp; Webb, M. D." box="[490,802,1113,1137]" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" pagination="49 - 54" refId="ref8673" refString="Che, Y. L., Zhang, Y. L. &amp; Webb, M. D. (2009) A new genus and species of the planthopper tribe Augilini Baker (Hemiptera, Caliscelidae, Ommatidiotinae) from Thailand and China. Zootaxa, 2311 (1), 49 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2311.1.4" type="journal article" year="2009">Che, Zhang et Webb, 2009: 50</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 1–3, 7–21.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="C4CEEAF2FFCFFF97E987FB11AAC3FB75" bold="true" box="[151,385,1183,1209]" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="46D23CBDFFCFFF97E897FB11AF49FB76" box="[391,1035,1183,1210]" collectionCode="VI" country="China" location="Menghai county" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<specimenCount id="E0BCFD69FFCFFF97E897FB11AAEEFB75" box="[391,428,1183,1209]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="E0BCFD69FFCFFF97E8A8FB11AA99FB75" box="[440,475,1183,1209]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="8EAD7670FFCFFF97E8F9FB11A96DFB75" box="[489,559,1183,1209]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="347EF802FFCFFF97EB29FB2EA9BEFB75" box="[569,764,1183,1210]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">Yunnan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="F365603BFFCFFF97EA17FB11A8FDFB76" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7E1387F6FFCFFF97E987FB97AE11FB75:F365603BFFCFFF97EA17FB11A8FDFB76" box="[775,959,1183,1210]" country="China" name="Menghai county" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="Yunnan">Menghai county</location>
,
<date id="82041020FFCFFF97EADAFB11AF49FB76" box="[970,1035,1183,1210]" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" value="2019-06-25">
25.
<collectionCode id="90ABAE25FFCFFF97EAFBFB11AF49FB76" box="[1003,1035,1183,1210]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">VI</collectionCode>
</date>
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<materialsCitation id="46D23CBDFFCFFF97ED1BFB11AE0DFB75" box="[1035,1359,1183,1210]" collectionCode="ZIN" collectorName="Nian Gong" country="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
.2019,
<collectorName id="5B4F5336FFCFFF97ED48FB11AF91FB75" box="[1112,1235,1183,1209]" pageId="10" pageNumber="50">Nian Gong</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="90ABAE25FFCFFF97EC03FB11AE05FB75" box="[1299,1351,1183,1209]" country="Russia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z2y8-2jfr" name="Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, Zoological Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="50" type="Museum">ZIN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

178
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<mods:affiliation id="2995F271B3025C416465715D16D48CFA">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0039D292DA912D370CDBD0" box="[151,573,1657,1684]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0039D292DA912D370CDBD0" blockId="157.[151,573,1657,1720]" box="[151,573,1657,1684]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<heading id="4B4581E2FF0039D292DA912D370CDBD0" bold="true" box="[151,573,1657,1684]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0039D292DA912D370CDBD0" ID-CoL="4LZBD" authority="Jashenko" authorityName="Jashenko" box="[151,573,1657,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victoriae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0039D292DA912D370CDBD0" bold="true" box="[151,573,1657,1684]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0039D292DA912D34F1DBD0" bold="true" box="[151,448,1657,1684]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Porphyrophora victoriae</emphasis>
Jashenko
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0039D292DA91C9371BDBF4" box="[151,554,1693,1720]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0039D292DA91C9371BDBF4" blockId="157.[151,573,1657,1720]" box="[151,554,1693,1720]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0039D292D291C935C3DBFB" box="[159,242,1693,1720]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="159.[151,250,1393,1417]" captionTargetBox="[190,1399,189,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-17@159.[181,1407,181,1369]" captionTargetPageId="159" captionText="FIGURE 77. Adult female of Porphyrophora victoriae Jashenko, modified from Jashenko (1994), page 37, fig. 18." pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0039D293F091C93712DBF4" box="[445,547,1693,1719]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="182.[151,250,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,194,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-22@182.[189,1398,181,1500]" captionTargetPageId="182" captionText="FIGURE 92. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Porphyrophora chelodonta Vahedi; B, Porphyrophora cynodontis (Archangelskaya); C, Porphyrophora hamelii Brandt; D, Porphyrophora jachenkoi Vahedi; E, Porphyrophora medicaginis Jashenko: F, Porphyrophora tritici (Bodenheimer); G, Porphyrophora victoriae Jashenko; H, Pseudaspidoproctus hyphaeniacus (Hall); I, Pseudochermes fraxini (Kaltenbach); J, Pulvinaria aligarhensis Avasthi &amp; Shafee; K, Pulvinaria aurantii Cockerell; L, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood)." pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Fig. 92G</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0039D292DA91B63665DA01" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0039D292DA91B63755DBB9" blockId="157.[151,612,1762,1786]" box="[151,612,1762,1786]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF0039D292DA91B63751DBB9" author="Jashenko, R. V." box="[151,608,1762,1786]" page="36" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" year="1994">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0039D292DA91B63751DBB9" ID-CoL="4LZBD" authority="Jashenko, 1994: 36" authorityName="Jashenko" authorityPageNumber="36" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,608,1762,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victoriae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0039D292DA91B634A5DBBA" box="[151,404,1762,1786]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Porphyrophora victoriae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0039D293D691B63751DBB9" author="Jashenko, R. V." box="[411,608,1762,1786]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="22 - 38" refId="ref103366" refString="Jashenko, R. V. (1994) [New species of the genus Porphyrophora Brandt (Coccinea, Margarodidae) from Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Mongolia]. Selevinia, 2 (3), 22 - 38. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1994">Jashenko, 1994: 36</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0039D292DA907C3665DA01" blockId="157.[151,1437,1832,2039]" box="[151,852,1832,1859]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0039D292DA907C3453DA01" bold="true" box="[151,354,1832,1858]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Field characters:</emphasis>
Appearance of live specimens not recorded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0039D0928A901836EADBB2" lastPageId="159" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0039D0928A901836EADBB2" blockId="157.[151,1437,1832,2039]" lastBlockId="159.[151,1437,1499,2030]" lastPageId="159" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0039D2928A901834E7DA25" bold="true" box="[199,470,1868,1894]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Body of slide-mounted adult female broadly oval, with segments on both surfaces each with a dense band of long setae, except for abdominal segment I on dorsum and segment III on venter each with only a single transverse row of setae; also with long setae in belts on sides of dorsal abdomen and other segments. Antennae each with 7 or 8 segments; basal segment with a few setae; sensilla placodeum on segment IV usually present, circular, containing 5 or 6 small sensilla, and usually with 1 very long fleshy seta present next to sensilla placodeum; other intermediate segments naked; apical segment only slightly swollen, bearing some flagellate setae, several fleshy setae and sensilla. Prothoracic legs each with tarsus fused with claw, enlarged claw without a denticle. Thoracic spiracles each with an apodeme; with 4 or 5 spiracular disc-pores, each pore with a central loculus and 1 ring of peripheral loculi; with 2‒4 perispriracular sensilla present near each thoracic spiracle. Abdominal spiracles absent. Multilocular disc-pores each with a central loculus and 1 or 2 rings of peripheral loculi; pores on head, thorax and abdominal segments I‒VI each with second ring of loculi incomplete; abdominal segments VII and VIII with pores each containing 2 complete rings of loculi. Anal opening with sclerotized rim on dorsal margin, surrounded by an area of derm without setae or pores. Vulva membranous.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFF0339D192DA90C33586DA97" blockId="158.[151,1437,1943,2004]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0339D192DA90C33410DAEC" bold="true" box="[151,289,1943,1967]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">FIGURE 76.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0339D1938290CC367FDAF3" authority="(Bodenheimer)" baseAuthorityName="Bodenheimer" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[463,846,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tritici">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0339D1938290CC379ADAEC" box="[463,683,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Porphyrophora tritici</emphasis>
(Bodenheimer)
</taxonomicName>
, modified from
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0339D191B990CC3035DAF3" author="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J." box="[1012,1284,1944,1968]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" pagination="23 - 122" refId="ref110149" refString="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J. (2007) Some species of the hypogeal scale insect Porphyrophora Brandt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) from Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Systematics and Biodiversity, 5 (1), 23 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200006002039" type="journal article" year="2007">Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, page 106, fig. 34.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="44CD6606FF0239D092DA9225301AD8CA" box="[151,1323,1393,1417]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" startId="159.[151,250,1393,1417]" targetBox="[190,1399,189,1365]" targetPageId="159" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0239D092DA9225301AD8CA" blockId="159.[151,1323,1393,1417]" box="[151,1323,1393,1417]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0239D092DA92253411D8CA" bold="true" box="[151,288,1393,1417]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">FIGURE 77.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0239D0938092253601D8CA" authority="Jashenko" authorityName="Jashenko" box="[461,816,1393,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victoriae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0239D09380922537FBD8CA" box="[461,714,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Porphyrophora victoriae</emphasis>
Jashenko
</taxonomicName>
, modified from
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0239D0919E9225314CD8CA" author="Jashenko, R. V." box="[979,1149,1393,1417]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" pagination="22 - 38" refId="ref103366" refString="Jashenko, R. V. (1994) [New species of the genus Porphyrophora Brandt (Coccinea, Margarodidae) from Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Mongolia]. Selevinia, 2 (3), 22 - 38. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1994">Jashenko (1994)</bibRefCitation>
, page 37, fig. 18.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0239D0928A91AF37A8DAAD" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0239D0928A91AF344FDA7A" blockId="159.[151,1437,1499,2030]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0239D0928A91AF3452DA56" bold="true" box="[199,355,1787,1813]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0239D0932591AF374EDA56" box="[360,639,1787,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victoriae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0239D0932591AF374EDA56" box="[360,639,1787,1813]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Porphyrophora victoriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0239D0916691AF369FDA56" box="[811,942,1787,1813]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0239D091F791AF3153DA56" author="Jashenko, R. V." box="[954,1122,1787,1813]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" pagination="22 - 38" refId="ref103366" refString="Jashenko, R. V. (1994) [New species of the genus Porphyrophora Brandt (Coccinea, Margarodidae) from Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Mongolia]. Selevinia, 2 (3), 22 - 38. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1994">Jashenko 1994</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0239D096D391A831FFDA55" box="[1182,1230,1788,1814]" name="Iran" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF0239D0969A91AF30ADDA56" box="[1239,1436,1787,1813]" country="Iran" name="Markazi" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Markazi province</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0239D092D2904B3443DA7A" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[159,370,1823,1849]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0239D0928A901737D2DAC2" blockId="159.[151,1437,1499,2030]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0239D0928A9017346ADA1E" bold="true" box="[199,347,1859,1885]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The species has been found on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0239D090F0901736E8DA1E" box="[701,985,1859,1885]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Acanthophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pungens">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0239D090F0901736E8DA1E" box="[701,985,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Acanthophyllum pungens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0239D091AA90173196DA1E" box="[999,1191,1859,1885]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Caryophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0239D096F090173054DA1E" author="Jashenko, R. V." box="[1213,1381,1859,1885]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" pagination="22 - 38" refId="ref103366" refString="Jashenko, R. V. (1994) [New species of the genus Porphyrophora Brandt (Coccinea, Margarodidae) from Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Mongolia]. Selevinia, 2 (3), 22 - 38. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1994">Jashenko 1994</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0239D092DA9033347ADAC2" box="[151,331,1895,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Lepidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="draba">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0239D092DA9033347ADAC2" box="[151,331,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Lepidium draba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0239D09314903334DCDAC2" authorityName="G.T.Burnett" authorityYear="1835" box="[345,493,1895,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0239D0904E903337E6DAC2" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[515,727,1895,1921]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0239D0928A90DF3428DA89" blockId="159.[151,1437,1499,2030]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0239D0928A90DF34E6DAE6" bold="true" box="[199,471,1931,1957]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Economic importance:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0239D0939390DF37C7DAE6" box="[478,758,1931,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victoriae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0239D0939390DF37C7DAE6" box="[478,758,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Porphyrophora victoriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is of no economic importance in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0239D092A990E43424DA89" box="[228,277,1968,1994]" name="Iran" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0239D0928A908737A8DAAD" blockId="159.[151,1437,1499,2030]" box="[199,665,2003,2030]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0239D0928A908734A5DAAE" bold="true" box="[199,404,2003,2029]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0239D09029908037A4DAAD" box="[612,661,2004,2030]" name="Iran" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

200
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@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
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<paragraph id="100D368EFF0739D592DA91653757DB08" blockId="154.[151,614,1585,1648]" box="[151,614,1585,1612]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<heading id="4B4581E2FF0739D592DA91653757DB08" bold="true" box="[151,614,1585,1612]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0739D592DA91653757DB08" ID-CoL="787X9" authority="Jashenko" authorityName="Jashenko" box="[151,614,1585,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medicaginis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D592DA91653757DB08" bold="true" box="[151,614,1585,1612]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D592DA916534D8DB0F" bold="true" box="[151,489,1585,1612]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Porphyrophora medicaginis</emphasis>
Jashenko
</emphasis>
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0739D592DA91013716DB2C" box="[151,551,1621,1648]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0739D592DA91013716DB2C" blockId="154.[151,614,1585,1648]" box="[151,551,1621,1648]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
(
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, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0739D593F09101372EDB2C" box="[445,543,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="182.[151,250,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,194,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-22@182.[189,1398,181,1500]" captionTargetPageId="182" captionText="FIGURE 92. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Porphyrophora chelodonta Vahedi; B, Porphyrophora cynodontis (Archangelskaya); C, Porphyrophora hamelii Brandt; D, Porphyrophora jachenkoi Vahedi; E, Porphyrophora medicaginis Jashenko: F, Porphyrophora tritici (Bodenheimer); G, Porphyrophora victoriae Jashenko; H, Pseudaspidoproctus hyphaeniacus (Hall); I, Pseudochermes fraxini (Kaltenbach); J, Pulvinaria aligarhensis Avasthi &amp; Shafee; K, Pulvinaria aurantii Cockerell; L, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood)." pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Fig. 92E</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0739D592DA91CE34E6DA5D" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0739D592DA91CE37B4DBF1" blockId="154.[151,645,1690,1714]" box="[151,645,1690,1714]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF0739D592DA91CE37B0DBF1" author="Jashenko, R. V." box="[151,641,1690,1714]" page="22" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" year="1994">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D592DA91CE3485DBF1" box="[151,436,1690,1714]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Porphyrophora medicaginis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0739D593F691CE37B0DBF1" author="Jashenko, R. V." box="[443,641,1690,1714]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" pagination="22 - 38" refId="ref103366" refString="Jashenko, R. V. (1994) [New species of the genus Porphyrophora Brandt (Coccinea, Margarodidae) from Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Mongolia]. Selevinia, 2 (3), 22 - 38. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1994">Jashenko, 1994: 22</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0739D592DA91B434E6DA5D" blockId="154.[151,1436,1760,2039]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D592DA91B434A3DBB9" bold="true" box="[151,402,1760,1786]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Body more-or-less egg-shaped; derm flexible and soft; long hair setae rather stiff; body light to dark red (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0739D59352905034FBDA5D" author="Jashenko, R. V." box="[287,458,1796,1822]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" pagination="22 - 38" refId="ref103366" refString="Jashenko, R. V. (1994) [New species of the genus Porphyrophora Brandt (Coccinea, Margarodidae) from Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Mongolia]. Selevinia, 2 (3), 22 - 38. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1994">Jashenko 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0739D4928A907C31BEDCCA" lastPageId="155" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0739D4928A907C31BEDCCA" blockId="154.[151,1436,1760,2039]" lastBlockId="155.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="155" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D5928A907C34E9DA01" bold="true" box="[199,472,1832,1858]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female with both surfaces of body quite densely covered by long hair-like setae and small setae.Antennae each with 7–9 segments; sensilla placodeum on segment IV usually present, circular or elliptical, containing about 5–7 small sensilla; other intermediate segments naked; apical segment slightly swollen, bearing some flagellate setae, several fleshy setae and sensilla. Prothoracic legs each with tarsus fused with claw, enlarged claw without a denticle. Each meso- and metathoracic leg with long pretarsus, 1/4 length of claw; meso- and metathoracic claws generally each constricted between claw and pretarsus. Thoracic spiracles each with peritreme containing 4–7 spiracular disc-pores, and texture of membranous peritreme with a mosaic pattern of diamond shapes; perispiracular sensilla situated far from margin of peritreme in a group of 2–7, occasionally with about 2 pores fusing to form a twin pore. Abdominal spiracles apparently absent. Anterior multilocular disc-pores each with 1 even or uneven ring of loculi, each ring mostly with 9–20 loculi; pores mainly present in transverse segmental bands 2 or 3 pores wide; some (not all) posterior multilocular disc-pores tending to be larger, particularly around genital opening, each of these generally with 2 or 3 rings of loculi. Anal opening with narrow, semicircular sclerotized rim along dorsal margin, surrounded by an area of derm without setae or pores.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFF0639D492DA9085304EDAAA" blockId="155.[151,1407,2001,2026]" box="[151,1407,2001,2026]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0639D492DA90853428DAAA" bold="true" box="[151,281,2001,2025]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">FIGURE 74</emphasis>
. Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0639D493869085362FDAAA" authority="Vahedi" authorityName="Vahedi (Vahedi &amp; Hodgson" authorityYear="2007" box="[459,798,2001,2025]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jashenkoi">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0639D49386908537FEDAAA" box="[459,719,2001,2025]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Porphyrophora jashenkoi</emphasis>
Vahedi
</taxonomicName>
, modified from
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0639D4918C908531FEDAAA" author="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J." box="[961,1231,2001,2025]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" pagination="23 - 122" refId="ref110149" refString="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J. (2007) Some species of the hypogeal scale insect Porphyrophora Brandt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) from Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Systematics and Biodiversity, 5 (1), 23 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200006002039" type="journal article" year="2007">Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, page 69, fig. 17.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="44CD6606FF0139D392DA90D33586DA80" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" startId="156.[151,250,1927,1951]" targetBox="[158,1434,184,1901]" targetPageId="156" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0139D392DA90D33586DA80" blockId="156.[151,1437,1927,1987]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0139D392DA90D33410DADC" bold="true" box="[151,289,1927,1951]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">FIGURE 75.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0139D3939C90D33669DADC" authority="Jashenko" authorityName="Jashenko" box="[465,856,1927,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medicaginis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0139D3939C90D337C1DADC" box="[465,752,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Porphyrophora medicaginis</emphasis>
Jashenko
</taxonomicName>
, modified from
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0139D391B390D3303EDADC" author="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J." box="[1022,1295,1927,1951]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" pagination="23 - 122" refId="ref110149" refString="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J. (2007) Some species of the hypogeal scale insect Porphyrophora Brandt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) from Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Systematics and Biodiversity, 5 (1), 23 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200006002039" type="journal article" year="2007">Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, page 82, fig. 23.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0039D2928A97C237A8DCEE" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0039D2928A97C235D1DDBA" blockId="157.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0039D2928A97C23452DDF3" bold="true" box="[199,355,150,176]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0039D2932097C3379DDDF2" box="[365,684,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medicaginis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0039D2932097C3379DDDF2" box="[365,684,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Porphyrophora medicaginis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0039D291EA97C3311BDDF2" box="[935,1066,151,177]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
(Vostochno
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0039D296F097C33071DDF2" box="[1213,1344,151,177]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
Oblast) and
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0039D2928597EF35C9DD96" box="[200,248,187,213]" name="Iran" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Iran</collectingCountry>
, where it has been found in Azarbaijan -e Sharghi and
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF0039D2912397EF36F9DD96" box="[878,968,187,213]" country="Iran" name="Kerman" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Kerman</collectingRegion>
provinces (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0039D2960397EF31CBDD96" author="Jashenko, R. V." box="[1102,1274,187,213]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="22 - 38" refId="ref103366" refString="Jashenko, R. V. (1994) [New species of the genus Porphyrophora Brandt (Coccinea, Margarodidae) from Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Mongolia]. Selevinia, 2 (3), 22 - 38. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1994">Jashenko 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0039D2974597EF35E5DDBA" author="Moghaddam, M." pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam, 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0039D2928A9657363BDC26" blockId="157.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0039D2928A9657346ADC5E" bold="true" box="[199,347,259,285]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The species has been recorded on host-plants belonging to the families
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0039D296D096573034DC5E" box="[1181,1285,259,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0039D2970D965734EFDC02" authority="(Garcia Morales et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Garcia Morales" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
Poaceae (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0039D292D2967334E6DC02" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[159,471,295,321]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0039D29315967334BBDC02" box="[344,394,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0039D290479673370BDC02" box="[522,570,295,321]" name="Iran" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Iran</collectingCountry>
, the host-plants
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0039D290B8967336F3DC02" box="[757,962,295,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0039D290B8967336F3DC02" box="[757,962,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Medicago vulgare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0039D2919F96733171DC02" box="[978,1088,295,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0039D29619967331D3DC02" box="[1108,1250,295,321]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cynodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0039D2961996733188DC02" box="[1108,1209,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Cynodon</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0039D2975696733586DC26" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0039D29756967330ADDC02" box="[1307,1436,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Phragmites</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0039D2928B961F3414DC26" box="[198,293,331,357]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
) were recorded (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0039D293AC961F37CFDC26" author="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J." box="[481,766,331,357]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="23 - 122" refId="ref110149" refString="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J. (2007) Some species of the hypogeal scale insect Porphyrophora Brandt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) from Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Systematics and Biodiversity, 5 (1), 23 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200006002039" type="journal article" year="2007">Vahedi &amp; Hodgson 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0039D2928A963A31F4DCCA" blockId="157.[151,1437,150,429]" box="[199,1221,366,393]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0039D2928A963A34E6DCCB" bold="true" box="[199,471,366,392]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Economic importance:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0039D29393963B3628DCCA" box="[478,793,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="medicaginis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0039D29393963B3628DCCA" box="[478,793,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Porphyrophora medicaginis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is of no economic importance in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0039D296DC963B31F3DCCA" box="[1169,1218,367,393]" name="Iran" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0039D2928A96C737A8DCEE" blockId="157.[151,1437,150,429]" box="[199,665,402,429]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0039D2928A96C734A5DCEF" bold="true" box="[199,404,402,429]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0039D2902996C737A4DCEE" box="[612,661,403,429]" name="Iran" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

143
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@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0739D592DA9512371DDF23" authority="Vahedi" authorityName="Vahedi (Vahedi &amp; Hodgson" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,556,582,609]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jashenkoi">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D592DA9512371DDF23" bold="true" box="[151,556,582,609]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D592DA951234FCDF22" bold="true" box="[151,461,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Porphyrophora jashenkoi</emphasis>
Vahedi
</emphasis>
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(
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, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0739D593F0953F3712DFC6" box="[445,547,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="182.[151,250,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,194,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-22@182.[189,1398,181,1500]" captionTargetPageId="182" captionText="FIGURE 92. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Porphyrophora chelodonta Vahedi; B, Porphyrophora cynodontis (Archangelskaya); C, Porphyrophora hamelii Brandt; D, Porphyrophora jachenkoi Vahedi; E, Porphyrophora medicaginis Jashenko: F, Porphyrophora tritici (Bodenheimer); G, Porphyrophora victoriae Jashenko; H, Pseudaspidoproctus hyphaeniacus (Hall); I, Pseudochermes fraxini (Kaltenbach); J, Pulvinaria aligarhensis Avasthi &amp; Shafee; K, Pulvinaria aurantii Cockerell; L, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood)." pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Fig. 92D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0739D592DA95FB36B5DE4C" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0739D592DA95FB3710DF84" authority="Vahedi 2007" authorityName="Vahedi (Vahedi &amp; Hodgson" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,545,687,711]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jashenkoi">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D592DA95FB34AADF84" box="[151,411,687,711]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Porphyrophora jashenkoi</emphasis>
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Vahedi
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D5906A95E4370ADF84" box="[551,571,688,711]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">in</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0739D5900C95FB365DDF84" author="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J." box="[577,876,687,711]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" pagination="23 - 122" refId="ref110149" refString="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J. (2007) Some species of the hypogeal scale insect Porphyrophora Brandt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) from Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Systematics and Biodiversity, 5 (1), 23 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200006002039" type="journal article" year="2007">Vahedi &amp; Hodgson, 2007: 68</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D592DA95A134A3DE4C" bold="true" box="[151,402,757,783]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Appearance of live specimens not recorded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFF0739D5928A944D315CD9A7" blockId="154.[151,1437,757,1504]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D5928A944D34EBDE70" bold="true" box="[199,474,793,819]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female oval; dorsal and ventral surfaces of body covered quite sparsely by long hair-like setae and small setae, although setae on margins of head and prothorax more numerous. Antennae each with 7 segments; sensillum placodeum on segment IV usually present, containing a dense group of 3–5 small sensilla, also with a short seta (not illustrated); segment V with a minute seta; other intermediate antennal segments naked; apical segment as wide as, or slightly wider than long, bearing some flagellate setae, several fleshy setae and sensilla. Prothoracic legs each with tarsus fused with claw; enlarged claw at least 2.0x longer than basal width, without a denticle. Thoracic spiracles each with an apodeme; each peritreme with 4–6 spiracular disc-pores; each pore with 1 ring of about 8 evenly-spaced loculi; each disc-pore with a bright central zone; with a group of 2 perispiracular sensilla on lateral margin of peritreme. Abdominal spiracles apparently absent. Multilocular disc-pores very sparse, each pore with a single ring of 8–10 loculi; mainly present in segmental transverse bands 1 or 2 pores wide; posterior multilocular disc-pores tending to be larger, these almost always with 1 or 2 complex rings of loculi. Microducts abundant over dorsum of abdomen (not illustrated). Anal opening with thin, semicircular, poorly sclerotized rim on dorsal margin, surrounded by an area of derm without setae or pores.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D5928A93B93452D844" bold="true" box="[199,355,1261,1287]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Distribution:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D5932793B937BBD844" box="[362,650,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Porphyrophora jashenkoi</emphasis>
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is known only from
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, Hamadan-Kermanshah province (
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).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D5928A9261346AD80C" bold="true" box="[199,347,1333,1359]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The species was recorded feeding on wheat,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0739D5912792623107D80C" box="[874,1078,1334,1359]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Triticum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aestivum">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D5912792623107D80C" box="[874,1078,1334,1359]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Triticum aestivum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0739D5960A92613197D80C" box="[1095,1190,1333,1359]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0739D596F2926135E5D830" author="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J." pageId="154" pageNumber="155" pagination="23 - 122" refId="ref110149" refString="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J. (2007) Some species of the hypogeal scale insect Porphyrophora Brandt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) from Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Systematics and Biodiversity, 5 (1), 23 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200006002039" type="journal article" year="2007">Vahedi &amp; Hodgson 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0739D5928A92293688D8F8" blockId="154.[151,1437,757,1504]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D5928A922934EBD8D4" bold="true" box="[199,474,1405,1431]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Economic importance:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0739D593A892293636D8D4" authorityName="Vahedi (Vahedi &amp; Hodgson" authorityYear="2007" box="[485,775,1405,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jashenkoi">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D593A892293636D8D4" box="[485,775,1405,1431]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Porphyrophora jashenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is no economic importance in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0739D5963B922A3197D8DB" box="[1142,1190,1406,1432]" name="Iran" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Iran</collectingCountry>
, but might become a problem on wheat if accidentally introduced to other parts of the world.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0739D592DA92913455D89C" bold="true" box="[151,356,1477,1503]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0739D5907992923754D8A3" box="[564,613,1478,1504]" name="Iran" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
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</treatment>
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0939DB92DA93D334EFD9E1" bold="true" box="[151,478,1159,1186]" italics="true" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Porphyrophora chelodonta</emphasis>
Vahedi
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(
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, distribution map
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0939DB92DA93A4349AD84B" box="[151,427,1264,1288]" italics="true" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Porphyrophora chelodonta</emphasis>
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Vahedi
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0939DB92DA926234A3D813" bold="true" box="[151,402,1334,1360]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Appearance of live specimens not recorded.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0939DB928A920E3652DBFA" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0939DB928A920E3652DBFA" blockId="148.[151,1437,1334,1901]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0939DB928A920E34E6D837" bold="true" box="[199,471,1370,1396]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female broadly oval; both surfaces of body quite sparsely covered with long hair-like setae and small setae. Antennae each with 7 segments; sensillum placodeum on antennal segment IV usually present, small and circular, containing 1–3 or 4 sensilla; segments I‒III, V and VI naked; apical segment enlarged, bearing some flagellate setae, several fleshy setae and sensilla. Prothoracic legs each with a wide femur, deeply curved posteriorly at an angle of about 80˚; tarsus fused with claw; enlarged claw very short (claw length less than 1.7x basal width) and pointed, with a serrate edge. Thoracic spiracles each with a long apodeme; each peritreme with about 6 spiracular disc-pores, and a group of 2–4 perispiracular sensilla on lateral margin. Abdominal spiracles apparently absent. Multilocular disc-pores each normally with 1 or 2 rings of loculi; outer ring with about 8–14 loculi and inner ring with up to 10 loculi; pores present across each segment in transverse bands 2 pores wide. Anal opening situated in a naked area surrounded by numerous setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0939DB928A919637A8DA2E" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0939DB928A919635D1DA43" blockId="148.[151,1437,1334,1901]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0939DB928A91963452DB9F" bold="true" box="[199,355,1730,1756]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0939DB9327919637ABDB9F" box="[362,666,1730,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelodonta">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0939DB9327919637ABDB9F" box="[362,666,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Porphyrophora chelodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0939DB91C991973685DB9E" box="[900,948,1731,1757]" name="Iran" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF0939DB91F291963187DB9F" box="[959,1206,1730,1756]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Kermanshah province</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0939DB9689919635E5DA43" author="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J." pageId="148" pageNumber="149" pagination="23 - 122" refId="ref110149" refString="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J. (2007) Some species of the hypogeal scale insect Porphyrophora Brandt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) from Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Systematics and Biodiversity, 5 (1), 23 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200006002039" type="journal article" year="2007">Vahedi &amp; Hodgson 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0939DB928A905E374ADA67" blockId="148.[151,1437,1334,1901]" box="[199,635,1802,1829]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0939DB928A905E346ADA67" bold="true" box="[199,347,1802,1828]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Host-plants:</emphasis>
On an unidentified plant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0939DB928A907A318BDA0A" blockId="148.[151,1437,1334,1901]" box="[199,1210,1838,1865]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0939DB928A907A34E6DA0B" bold="true" box="[199,471,1838,1864]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Economic importance:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0939DB9393907A363FDA0B" box="[478,782,1838,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chelodonta">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0939DB9393907A363FDA0B" box="[478,782,1838,1864]" italics="true" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Porphyrophora chelodonta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is of no economic importance in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0939DB96CB907B3186DA0A" box="[1158,1207,1839,1865]" name="Iran" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0939DB928A900637A8DA2E" blockId="148.[151,1437,1334,1901]" box="[199,665,1874,1901]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0939DB928A900634A5DA2F" bold="true" box="[199,404,1874,1900]" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0939DB9029900737A4DA2E" box="[612,661,1875,1901]" name="Iran" pageId="148" pageNumber="149">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

191
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<mods:title id="A9CA8E97AA54F12AFD6A56265A8FA313">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="CFEDFBA91E0814FC9797446D3D2618D9">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0A39D892DA97C3378EDDF2" box="[151,703,151,178]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0A39D892DA97C3378EDDF2" blockId="151.[151,703,151,214]" box="[151,703,151,178]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<heading id="4B4581E2FF0A39D892DA97C3378EDDF2" bold="true" box="[151,703,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0A39D892DA97C3378EDDF2" ID-CoL="4LZ93" authority="(Archangelskaya)" baseAuthorityName="Archangelskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[151,703,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cynodontis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D892DA97C3378EDDF2" bold="true" box="[151,703,151,178]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D892DA97C334EBDDF1" bold="true" box="[151,474,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Porphyrophora cynodontis</emphasis>
(Archangelskaya)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0A39D892DA97EF3719DD96" box="[151,552,187,214]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0A39D892DA97EF3719DD96" blockId="151.[151,703,151,214]" box="[151,552,187,214]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0A39D892D297EF35C2DD96" box="[159,243,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="152.[151,250,1833,1857]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,187,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-22@152.[151,1436,181,1809]" captionTargetPageId="152" captionText="FIGURE 72. Adult female of Porphyrophora cynodontis (Archangelskaya), modified from Vahedi &amp; Hodgson (2007), page 44, fig. 8." pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Fig. 72</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0A39D893F097EF3711DD96" box="[445,544,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="182.[151,250,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,194,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-22@182.[189,1398,181,1500]" captionTargetPageId="182" captionText="FIGURE 92. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Porphyrophora chelodonta Vahedi; B, Porphyrophora cynodontis (Archangelskaya); C, Porphyrophora hamelii Brandt; D, Porphyrophora jachenkoi Vahedi; E, Porphyrophora medicaginis Jashenko: F, Porphyrophora tritici (Bodenheimer); G, Porphyrophora victoriae Jashenko; H, Pseudaspidoproctus hyphaeniacus (Hall); I, Pseudochermes fraxini (Kaltenbach); J, Pulvinaria aligarhensis Avasthi &amp; Shafee; K, Pulvinaria aurantii Cockerell; L, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood)." pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Fig. 92B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0A39D892DA96543665DCC7" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0A39D892DA965437AADC54" blockId="151.[151,667,255,280]" box="[151,667,255,280]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FF0A39D892DA965437AADC54" box="[151,667,255,280]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF0A39D892DA965437A6DC54" author="Archangelskaya, A. D." box="[151,663,255,280]" page="15" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" year="1935">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0A39D892DA965437A6DC54" ID-CoL="735YQ" authority="Archangelskaya, 1935: 15" authorityName="Archangelskaya" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,663,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Margarodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cynodontis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D892DA965434B6DC5B" box="[151,391,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Margarodes cynodontis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0A39D893C1965437A6DC54" author="Archangelskaya, A. D." box="[396,663,255,280]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refId="ref97558" refString="Archangelskaya, A. D. (1935) [The carmine-producing coccids (Margarodes) of Middle Asia and species of allied genus Neomargarodes]. Tashkent Publishing Committee of Sciences in Uzbek Tashkent, 38 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1935">Archangelskaya, 1935: 15</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0A39D892DA96113665DCC7" blockId="151.[151,1437,325,1252]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D892DA961134A4DC1C" bold="true" box="[151,405,325,351]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Body more-or-less egg-shaped and hairy; derm flexible and soft; body densely pubescent (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0A39D892D2963E3477DCC6" author="Jakubski, A. W." box="[159,326,362,389]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refId="ref103176" refString="Jakubski, A. W. (1965) A critical revision of the families Margarodidae and Termitococcidae (Hemiptera, Coccoidea). Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 187 pp." type="book" year="1965">Jakubski 1965</bibRefCitation>
); colour ranging from bright violet to dark red.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0A39D8928A96D935EADE3F" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0A39D8928A96D935EADE3F" blockId="151.[151,1437,325,1252]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D8928A96D934EBDCE4" bold="true" box="[199,474,397,423]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female broadly oval; dorsum of body densely covered by long hair-like setae and small setae; ventral surface densely covered by long hair-like setae but without small setae. Antennae each with 9–12 or 13 segments; sensillum placodeum on segment IV usually present, elongate oval to almond shaped, containing 7–12 sensilla plus a short fleshy seta; most other intermediate segments naked but a few bearing 1 or 2 setae; apical segment enlarged, bearing some flagellate setae, several fleshy setae and sensilla. Prothoracic legs each with tarsus fused with claw; enlarged claw at least 2.0x longer than basal width, and pointed, normally without a denticle (rarely, a small one present). Thoracic spiracles larger than those in most other
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0A39D892DA95DE3491DFE7" box="[151,416,650,676]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D892DA95DE3475DFE7" box="[151,324,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Porphyrophora</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, each with an apodeme; peritreme with about 10 spiracular disc-pores and with a group of 3–15 perispiracular sensilla on lateral margin. Abdominal spiracles usually absent, but some geographical races from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0A39D8929895863433DFAF" box="[213,258,722,748]" name="Iran" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Iran</collectingCountry>
with 1 pair of simple abdominal spiracles, very poorly developed, on segment I. Multilocular disc-pores each normally with 1 ring of loculi, each ring mostly with about 12 loculi; pores mainly present in segmental bands 5 or 6 pores wide across each segment; some posterior multilocular disc-pores tending to be larger. Anal opening with thin, semicircular, poorly sclerotized rim along dorsal margin, surrounded by an area of derm without setae or pores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0A39D8928A94D137A8D9DF" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0A39D8928A94D1347DDEAB" blockId="151.[151,1437,325,1252]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D8928A94D13452DEDC" bold="true" box="[199,355,901,927]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0A39D8933D94D23792DEE3" baseAuthorityName="Archangelskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[368,675,902,928]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cynodontis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D8933D94D23792DEE3" box="[368,675,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Porphyrophora cynodontis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0A39D8912094D236DADEE3" box="[877,1003,902,928]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0A39D8966094D2316BDEE3" box="[1069,1114,902,928]" name="Iran" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0A39D8962394D2302BDEE2" author="Jakubski, A. W." box="[1134,1306,902,929]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refId="ref103176" refString="Jakubski, A. W. (1965) A critical revision of the families Margarodidae and Termitococcidae (Hemiptera, Coccoidea). Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 187 pp." type="book" year="1965">Jakubski 1965</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0A39D8976194D23474DE87" author="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J." pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="23 - 122" refId="ref110149" refString="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J. (2007) Some species of the hypogeal scale insect Porphyrophora Brandt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) from Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Systematics and Biodiversity, 5 (1), 23 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200006002039" type="journal article" year="2007">Vahedi &amp; Hodgson 2007</bibRefCitation>
), where it has been recorded from Azarbaijan-Sharghi and
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF0A39D8964394FE31ADDE87" box="[1038,1180,938,964]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Kermanshah</collectingRegion>
provinces (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0A39D8976794FE3471DEAB" author="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J." pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="23 - 122" refId="ref110149" refString="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J. (2007) Some species of the hypogeal scale insect Porphyrophora Brandt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) from Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Systematics and Biodiversity, 5 (1), 23 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200006002039" type="journal article" year="2007">Vahedi &amp; Hodgson 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0A39D8928A94A6340FD917" blockId="151.[151,1437,325,1252]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D8928A94A6346AD94F" bold="true" box="[199,347,1010,1036]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The species has been recorded on host-plants belonging to three grass genera in the family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0A39D8977494A630A8D94F" box="[1337,1433,1010,1036]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D892DA9342344ED973" box="[151,383,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0A39D892DA9342343DD973" box="[151,268,1046,1072]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aeluropus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Aeluropus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0A39D893579342344ED973" box="[282,383,1046,1072]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cynodon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Cynodon</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0A39D893F7934236A1D973" authority="(Garcia Morales et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Garcia Morales" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[442,912,1046,1072]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D893F79342370AD973" box="[442,571,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Phragmites</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0A39D89001934236B9D973" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[588,904,1046,1072]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D8914A9343360AD973" box="[775,827,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0A39D891F3934236DFD973" box="[958,1006,1046,1072]" name="Iran" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been found on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0A39D896BF934230ADD973" box="[1266,1436,1046,1072]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D896BF93423042D973" box="[1266,1395,1046,1072]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Phragmites</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0A39D892D3936E3403D917" author="Vahedi, H. A." box="[158,306,1082,1108]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" refId="ref110003" refString="Vahedi, H. A. (2002) A revision of the genus Porphyrophora (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) with particular reference to the Middle East and with a discussion on the relationships of the hypogaeic Margarodids. Ph. D. thesis. Department of Agricultural Science, Imperial College at Wye, Wye, Ashford, Kent, 358 pp." type="book" year="2002">Vahedi 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0A39D8928A93093186D93B" blockId="151.[151,1437,325,1252]" box="[199,1207,1117,1144]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D8928A930934E6D934" bold="true" box="[199,471,1117,1143]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Economic importance:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0A39D89393930A363AD93B" baseAuthorityName="Archangelskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[478,779,1118,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cynodontis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D89393930A363AD93B" box="[478,779,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Porphyrophora cynodontis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is of no economic importance in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0A39D896CE930A3185D93B" box="[1155,1204,1118,1144]" name="Iran" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0A39D8928A93D637A8D9DF" blockId="151.[151,1437,325,1252]" box="[199,665,1153,1180]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D8928A93D634A5D9D8" bold="true" box="[199,404,1153,1180]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0A39D8902993D637A4D9DF" box="[612,661,1154,1180]" name="Iran" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0A39D8928A93F135D1D9A7" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0A39D8928A93F135D1D9A7" blockId="151.[151,1437,325,1252]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D8928A93F13463D9FC" bold="true" box="[199,338,1189,1215]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Comments:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0A39D8931393F237A1D983" baseAuthorityName="Archangelskaya" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[350,656,1190,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cynodontis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D8931393F237A1D983" box="[350,656,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Porphyrophora cynodontis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is probably a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0A39D8919493F335EDD9A7" authority="Brandt (Vahedi &amp; Hodgson 2007)" authorityName="Brandt (Vahedi &amp; Hodgson" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Porphyrophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hamelii">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0A39D8919493F3317FD983" box="[985,1102,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">P. hamelii</emphasis>
Brandt (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0A39D896F493F235E5D9A7" author="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J." pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="23 - 122" refId="ref110149" refString="Vahedi, H. A. &amp; Hodgson, C. J. (2007) Some species of the hypogeal scale insect Porphyrophora Brandt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea: Margarodidae) from Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Systematics and Biodiversity, 5 (1), 23 - 122. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200006002039" type="journal article" year="2007">Vahedi &amp; Hodgson 2007</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

177
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<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF92DA94AE3750D957" blockId="144.[151,662,1018,1081]" box="[151,609,1018,1045]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<heading id="4B4581E2FF0D39DF92DA94AE3750D957" bold="true" box="[151,609,1018,1045]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0D39DF92DA94AE3750D957" ID-CoL="47DK6" authority="Bodenheimer" authorityName="Bodenheimer" box="[151,609,1018,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskii">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF92DA94AE3750D957" bold="true" box="[151,609,1018,1045]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF92DA94AE3483D956" bold="true" box="[151,434,1018,1045]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Nidularia balachowskii</emphasis>
Bodenheimer
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0D39DF92DA934B37A7D97A" box="[151,662,1055,1081]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF92DA934B37A7D97A" blockId="144.[151,662,1018,1081]" box="[151,662,1055,1081]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0D39DF92D2934B35C3D97A" box="[159,242,1055,1081]" captionStart="FIGURE 68" captionStartId="145.[151,250,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[158,1436,181,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-17@145.[151,1436,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="145" captionText="FIGURE 68. Adult female of Nidularia balachowskii Bodenheimer, reproduced from Spodek et al. (2012), page 34, fig. 3, with kind permission from the senior author and the Editor of Zookeys." pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0D39DF92B3934B3453D97A" box="[254,354,1055,1081]" captionStart="PLATE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,234,1610,1634]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[189,1398,181,1586]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="PLATE 4. Eriococcidae: A, Anophococcus abaii (Danzig); B, Rhizococcus asperulae Moghaddam; C, Rhizococcus avicennae Moghaddam; D, Rhizococcus borchsenii (Danzig); Kermesidae: E, Kermes quercus (Linnaeus); F, Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky; G, Nidularia balachowskii Bodenheimer. Monophlebidae: H, Gueriniella serratulae (Fabricius)." pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Plate 4G</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF0D39DF9061934B37BFD97A" box="[556,654,1055,1081]" captionStart="FIGURE 91" captionStartId="181.[151,250,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[207,1385,186,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-17@181.[199,1389,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIGURE 91. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Kermes quercus (Linnaeus); B, Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky; C, Neoacanthococcus pamiricus (Bazarov); D, Neoacanthococcus tamaricicola Borchsenius; E, Nidularia balachowskii Bodenheimer; F, Orthezia urticae (Linnaeus); G, Ortheziola marottai Kaydan &amp; Szita; H, Palaeolecanium bituberculatum (Signoret); I, Palmaspis phoenicis (Ramachandra Rao); J, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché); K, Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius); L, Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell." pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Fig. 91E</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0D39DF92DA930A36FDD866" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF92DA930A3796D935" blockId="144.[151,679,1118,1142]" box="[151,679,1118,1142]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FF0D39DF92DA930A3796D935" box="[151,679,1118,1142]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF0D39DF92DA930A3792D935" author="Bodenheimer, F. S." box="[151,675,1118,1142]" page="80" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" year="1941">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0D39DF92DA930A3792D935" ID-CoL="47DK6" authority="Bodenheimer, 1941: 78 - 80" authorityName="Bodenheimer" authorityPageNumber="78 - 80" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,675,1118,1142]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskii">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF92DA930A34B7D935" box="[151,390,1118,1142]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Nidularia balachowskii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0D39DF93C1930A3792D935" author="Bodenheimer, F. S." box="[396,675,1118,1142]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" pagination="65 - 84" refId="ref98207" refString="Bodenheimer, F. S. (1941) Seven new species of Coccidae from Anatolia. Revue de la Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite d'Istanbul, Series B, 6, 65 - 84." type="journal article" year="1941">Bodenheimer, 1941: 78–80</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF92DA93CA36FDD866" blockId="144.[151,1437,1182,2037]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF92DA93CA3452D9FA" bold="true" box="[151,355,1182,1209]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Field characters:</emphasis>
Pre-reproductive adult female oval, soft and flat; dorsum brownish and venter yellowish-white; dorsal surface covered with 10 longitudinal rows of rectangular wax plates. Post-reproductive adult female oval, moderately convex and sclerotized, each side with 5 longitudinal rows of almost fused dark brown wax plates; with lighter brown wax in between rows of plates. A waxy ovisac is produced.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0D39DF928A927A37FEDA5E" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF928A927A3062D82E" blockId="144.[151,1437,1182,2037]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF928A927A34E8D80B" bold="true" box="[199,473,1326,1352]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female fusiform. Marginal setae spinose. Antennae each with 1 segment, bearing 2–6 fleshy setae. Labium triangular, with 3 segments, apical segment with 4 pairs of setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF928A9223379FD8F6" blockId="144.[151,1437,1182,2037]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF928A92233410D8D3" box="[199,289,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Dorsum</emphasis>
: Margin with a single row of slender setae; setae absent from rest of dorsum. Microtubular ducts and small, circular simple pores present throughout.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF928A92EB37FEDA5E" blockId="144.[151,1437,1182,2037]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF928A92EB343ED89B" box="[199,271,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Venter</emphasis>
: Setae of 2 sizes: longer setae forming a single row across medial area of each abdominal segment, accompanied by spinules; and shorter setae sparsely present on medial areas of thorax and head. Quinquelocular pores numbering 8–11 between each anterior spiracle and submarginal band of tubular ducts, but only 2‒4 laterad to each posterior spiracle; quinquelocular pores also present in a broad band of 10–13 pores medially between posterior spiracles and in a single, complete submarginal band 1 pore wide, totaling about 50–70 pores on each side. Submarginal tubular duct band also containing dispersed bilocular pores, numbering 103–135 per side. Multilocular pores, each with 9 or 10 loculi, forming group of 3 or 4 pores between anterior and posterior spiracles on each side, and present in transverse bands across abdominal segments. Tubular ducts forming complete submarginal band 2 or 3 ducts wide, and sparsely present medially on thorax. Anal ring ventral, composed of 2 sclerotized semicircles, each half bearing 3 spinose setae and 10–12 pores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF0D39DF928A907237A8DAB6" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF928A90723049DA26" blockId="144.[151,1437,1182,2037]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF928A90723452DA03" bold="true" box="[199,355,1830,1856]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0D39DF932190733747DA02" box="[364,630,1831,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskii">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF932190733747DA02" box="[364,630,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Nidularia balachowskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0D39DF917D90733640DA02" box="[816,881,1831,1857]" name="Israel" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Israel</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0D39DF9133907336E6DA02" box="[894,983,1831,1857]" name="Turkey" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0D39DF91AA9073310ADA02" box="[999,1083,1831,1857]" name="Turkey" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Turkey</collectingCountry>
) and
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0D39DF96309073319BDA02" box="[1149,1194,1831,1857]" name="Iran" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0D39DF96F7907330A6DA02" author="Bodenheimer, F. S." box="[1210,1431,1831,1857]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" pagination="65 - 84" refId="ref98207" refString="Bodenheimer, F. S. (1941) Seven new species of Coccidae from Anatolia. Revue de la Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite d'Istanbul, Series B, 6, 65 - 84." type="journal article" year="1941">Bodenheimer 1941</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0D39DF92DA901F345CDA26" author="Spodek, M. &amp; Ben-Dov, Y." box="[151,365,1867,1893]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref108918" refString="Spodek, M. &amp; Ben-Dov, Y. (2014) A taxonomic revision of the Kermesidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in Israel, with a description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3781 (1), 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3781.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Spodek
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF92BF901F3412DA26" box="[242,291,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
), where it has been recorded from
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF0D39DF90BC901F364EDA26" box="[753,895,1867,1893]" country="Iran" name="Kermanshah" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Kermanshah</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF0D39DF91F8901F3126DA26" box="[949,1047,1867,1893]" country="Iran" name="Lorestan" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Lorestan</collectingRegion>
provinces (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0D39DF96D4901F305CDA26" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[1177,1389,1867,1893]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF928A903B37DBDAEE" blockId="144.[151,1437,1182,2037]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF928A903B346ADACA" bold="true" box="[199,347,1903,1929]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The species is oligophagous, having been recorded on
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF9196903B31FADACA" box="[987,1227,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0D39DF9196903B3108DACA" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[987,1081,1903,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
ithaburensis
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0D39DF974A903B3054DACA" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1287,1381,1903,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF974A903B3054DACA" box="[1287,1381,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0D39DF92D290C7343ADAEE" baseAuthorityName="Miller &amp; Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[159,267,1939,1965]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0D39DF936D90C734CADAEE" author="Bodenheimer, F. S." box="[288,507,1939,1965]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" pagination="65 - 84" refId="ref98207" refString="Bodenheimer, F. S. (1941) Seven new species of Coccidae from Anatolia. Revue de la Faculte des Sciences de l'Universite d'Istanbul, Series B, 6, 65 - 84." type="journal article" year="1941">Bodenheimer 1941</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF0D39DF904A90C737EFDAEE" author="Spodek, M. &amp; Ben-Dov, Y." box="[519,734,1939,1965]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref108918" refString="Spodek, M. &amp; Ben-Dov, Y. (2014) A taxonomic revision of the Kermesidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in Israel, with a description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3781 (1), 1 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3781.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Spodek
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF902F90C737A2DAEE" box="[610,659,1939,1965]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF928A90E231A3DA92" blockId="144.[151,1437,1182,2037]" box="[199,1170,1974,2001]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF928A90E234E6DA93" bold="true" box="[199,471,1974,2000]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Economic importance:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF0D39DF939390E337D4DA92" box="[478,741,1975,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Nidularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balachowskii">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF939390E337D4DA92" box="[478,741,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Nidularia balachowskii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is of no economic importance in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0D39DF961090E331BFDA92" box="[1117,1166,1975,2001]" name="Iran" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF0D39DF928A908F37A8DAB6" blockId="144.[151,1437,1182,2037]" box="[199,665,2010,2037]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF0D39DF928A908F34A5DAB7" bold="true" box="[199,404,2010,2037]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF0D39DF9029908F37A4DAB6" box="[612,661,2011,2037]" name="Iran" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

151
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@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
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<mods:title id="6E2126E23905A50FE3FD0CED2B6FE777">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1D39CF92DA92B43762D8B8" box="[151,595,1504,1531]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1D39CF92DA92B43762D8B8" blockId="128.[151,662,1504,1568]" box="[151,595,1504,1531]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
<heading id="4B4581E2FF1D39CF92DA92B43762D8B8" bold="true" box="[151,595,1504,1531]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1D39CF92DA92B43762D8B8" authority="Moghaddam" authorityName="Moghaddam (Moghaddam" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,595,1504,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Rhizococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asperulae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1D39CF92DA92B43762D8B8" bold="true" box="[151,595,1504,1531]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1D39CF92DA92B4349AD8B8" bold="true" box="[151,427,1504,1531]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Rhizococcus asperulae</emphasis>
Moghaddam
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1D39CF92DA915137A7DB5C" box="[151,662,1541,1568]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1D39CF92DA915137A7DB5C" blockId="128.[151,662,1504,1568]" box="[151,662,1541,1568]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF1D39CF92D2915135C3DB63" box="[159,242,1541,1568]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="129.[151,250,1686,1710]" captionTargetBox="[175,1415,194,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-17@129.[164,1423,181,1663]" captionTargetPageId="129" captionText="FIGURE 59. Adult female of Rhizococcus asperulae Moghaddam, from Moghaddam (2019), page 456, fig. 3. © Magnolia Press, www.mapress.com/j/zt, reproduced with permission from the author and the copyright holder." pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF1D39CF92B39151346EDB5C" box="[254,351,1541,1567]" captionStart="PLATE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,234,1610,1634]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[189,1398,181,1586]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="PLATE 4. Eriococcidae: A, Anophococcus abaii (Danzig); B, Rhizococcus asperulae Moghaddam; C, Rhizococcus avicennae Moghaddam; D, Rhizococcus borchsenii (Danzig); Kermesidae: E, Kermes quercus (Linnaeus); F, Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky; G, Nidularia balachowskii Bodenheimer. Monophlebidae: H, Gueriniella serratulae (Fabricius)." pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Plate 4B</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF1D39CF9066915137BFDB5C" box="[555,654,1541,1567]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="183.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[217,1381,216,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-17@183.[206,1381,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="183" captionText="FIGURE 93. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Pulvinaria urbicola Cockerell; B, Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus); C, Rhizococcus asperulae Moghaddam; D, Rhizococcus avicennae Moghaddam; E, Rhizococcus borchsenii Danzig; F, Rhizococcus istresianus (Goux); G, Rhizococcus reynei (Schmutterer); H, Rhizococcus saxidesertus (Borchsenius); I, Rhizopulvinaria artemisiae (Signoret); J, Rhizopulvinaria turkestanica (Archangelskaya); K, Saissetia coffeae (Walker); L, Saissetia miranda (Cockerell &amp; Parrott); M, Saissetia oleae (Olivier); N, Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe); O, Stotzia ephedrae (Newstead)." pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Fig. 93C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1D39CF92DA911D3746DB8E" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1D39CF92DA911D37B1DB22" blockId="128.[151,640,1609,1633]" box="[151,640,1609,1633]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1D39CF92DA911D374DDB22" authority="Moghaddam, 2019: 454" authorityName="Moghaddam (Moghaddam" authorityPageNumber="454" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,636,1609,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Rhizococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asperulae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1D39CF92DA911D34B1DB22" box="[151,384,1609,1633]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Rhizococcus asperulae</emphasis>
Moghaddam, 2019: 454
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1D39CF92DA91DB3746DB8E" blockId="128.[151,1437,1679,2030]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1D39CF92DA91DB34A7DBEA" bold="true" box="[151,406,1679,1705]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Found on upper leaf surfaces. Live adult female oval, body contents dark green; ovisac white, rounded, completely covering body.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1D39CE928A918337F3DAB0" lastPageId="129" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1D39CF928A9183300ADAC2" blockId="128.[151,1437,1679,2030]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1D39CF928A918334E8DBB2" bold="true" box="[199,473,1751,1777]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female oval. Antennae each with 7 segments. Frontal lobes and frontal tubercles absent. Legs well developed; hind coxa with fewer than 5 translucent pores, but with scattered spinulae; tibiae each with 5 setae, with median seta present; tarsal and claw digitules slightly knobbed and longer than claw; claw with a denticle. Anal lobes well developed, dorsum of each lobe with 3 enlarged setae and 3 or 4 microtubular ducts. Anal ring with a partial double row of pores and bearing 8 robust setae. Cauda absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1D39CF92BA90D836E3DAAE" blockId="128.[151,1437,1679,2030]" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1D39CF92BA90D83460DAE6" box="[247,337,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="129">Dorsum</emphasis>
with enlarged setae all spine-like with pointed apices, forming transverse rows across each segment, reaching to margins. Margin of abdominal segment VII with 2 lateral enlarged setae on each side. Macrotubular ducts all of 1 size, present throughout. Microducts distributed throughout.
</paragraph>
<caption id="44CD6606FF1C39CE92DA91C231A0DB91" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" startId="129.[151,250,1686,1710]" targetBox="[175,1415,194,1663]" targetPageId="129" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1C39CE92DA91C231A0DB91" blockId="129.[151,1436,1686,1746]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1C39CE92DA91C23413DBED" bold="true" box="[151,290,1686,1710]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">FIGURE 59.</emphasis>
Adult female of Rhizo
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1C39CE905F91C33766DBED" box="[530,599,1687,1710]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">coccus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1C39CE901291C2367FDBED" authority="Moghaddam" authorityName="Moghaddam (Moghaddam" authorityYear="2019" box="[607,846,1686,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Rhizococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asperulae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1C39CE901291C237F2DBED" box="[607,707,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">asperulae</emphasis>
Moghaddam
</taxonomicName>
, from Moghaddam (2019), page 456, fig. 3. © Magnolia Press, www.mapress.com/j/zt, reproduced with permission from the author and the copyright holder.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1C39CE928A907237F3DAB0" blockId="129.[151,1437,1829,2035]" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1C39CE928A9072343EDA7C" box="[199,271,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="129" pageNumber="130">Venter</emphasis>
with normal hair-like setae of various sizes, scattered on median and submedian areas of segments; enlarged setae, same size as those on dorsum, present in a broad band on margins and submargins. Quinquelocular pores sparsely distributed on thorax, and forming rows across abdominal segments I–VIII+IX. Disc-pores absent. Trilocular pores numbering 2 or 3, present singly near each anterior spiracle and hind coxa. Macrotubular ducts similar to those on dorsum, forming a submarginal band and present in medial areas. Microducts present in a regular arrangement throughout. Cruciform pores absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1F39CD928A97C237A8DC02" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1F39CD928A97C235D1DD97" blockId="130.[151,1436,150,321]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD928A97C23452DDF3" bold="true" box="[199,355,150,176]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1F39CD933D97C23746DDF3" authorityName="Moghaddam (Moghaddam" authorityYear="2019" box="[368,631,150,176]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Rhizococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asperulae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD933D97C23746DDF3" box="[368,631,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Rhizococcus asperulae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded only from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF1F39CD91A697C3312ADDF2" box="[1003,1051,151,177]" name="Iran" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF1F39CD966197C231C9DDF3" box="[1068,1272,150,176]" country="Iran" name="Markazi" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Markazi province</collectingRegion>
(Moghaddam 2019).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1F39CD928A978A31FCDDBB" blockId="130.[151,1436,150,321]" box="[199,1229,222,249]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD928A978A346ADDBB" bold="true" box="[199,347,222,248]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The scale was found on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1F39CD903C978A3661DDBB" box="[625,848,222,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Asperula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glomerata">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD903C978A3661DDBB" box="[625,848,222,248]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Asperula glomerata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1F39CD9112978A36E6DDBB" box="[863,983,222,248]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
) (Moghaddam 2019).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1F39CD928A96563628DC5E" blockId="130.[151,1436,150,321]" box="[199,793,258,285]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD928A965634E6DC5F" bold="true" box="[199,471,258,284]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Economic importance:</emphasis>
Not known as a pest in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF1F39CD90A996573624DC5E" box="[740,789,259,285]" name="Iran" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1F39CD928A967237A8DC02" blockId="130.[151,1436,150,321]" box="[199,665,294,321]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD928A967234A5DC03" bold="true" box="[199,404,294,320]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF1F39CD9029967337A4DC02" box="[612,661,295,321]" name="Iran" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="55C3180B51AF243271A31FBF520CB62A">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="EC50AAA9FB4C708751F910B44C0E64A2">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1F39CD92DA96C63769DCEF" box="[151,600,402,429]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1F39CD92DA96C63769DCEF" blockId="130.[151,664,402,465]" box="[151,600,402,429]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<heading id="4B4581E2FF1F39CD92DA96C63769DCEF" bold="true" box="[151,600,402,429]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1F39CD92DA96C63769DCEF" authority="Moghaddam" authorityName="Moghaddam (Moghaddam" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,600,402,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Rhizococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avicennae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD92DA96C63769DCEF" bold="true" box="[151,600,402,429]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD92DA96C63481DCEF" bold="true" box="[151,432,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Rhizococcus avicennae</emphasis>
Moghaddam
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1F39CD92DA96E237A9DC93" box="[151,664,438,465]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1F39CD92DA96E237A9DC93" blockId="130.[151,664,402,465]" box="[151,664,438,465]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF1F39CD92D296E235C3DC93" box="[159,242,438,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="131.[151,250,1964,1988]" captionTargetBox="[238,1350,246,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-38@131.[219,1369,237,1941]" captionTargetPageId="131" captionText="FIGURE 60. Adult female of Rhizococcus avicennae Moghaddam, reproduced from Moghaddam (2018), page 521, fig. 2, with the kind permission of the Editor of Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae." pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF1F39CD92B396E23451DC93" box="[254,352,438,464]" captionStart="PLATE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,234,1610,1634]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[189,1398,181,1586]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="PLATE 4. Eriococcidae: A, Anophococcus abaii (Danzig); B, Rhizococcus asperulae Moghaddam; C, Rhizococcus avicennae Moghaddam; D, Rhizococcus borchsenii (Danzig); Kermesidae: E, Kermes quercus (Linnaeus); F, Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky; G, Nidularia balachowskii Bodenheimer. Monophlebidae: H, Gueriniella serratulae (Fabricius)." pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Plate 4C</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF1F39CD906696E237A1DC93" box="[555,656,438,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="183.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[217,1381,216,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-17@183.[206,1381,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="183" captionText="FIGURE 93. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Pulvinaria urbicola Cockerell; B, Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus); C, Rhizococcus asperulae Moghaddam; D, Rhizococcus avicennae Moghaddam; E, Rhizococcus borchsenii Danzig; F, Rhizococcus istresianus (Goux); G, Rhizococcus reynei (Schmutterer); H, Rhizococcus saxidesertus (Borchsenius); I, Rhizopulvinaria artemisiae (Signoret); J, Rhizopulvinaria turkestanica (Archangelskaya); K, Saissetia coffeae (Walker); L, Saissetia miranda (Cockerell &amp; Parrott); M, Saissetia oleae (Olivier); N, Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe); O, Stotzia ephedrae (Newstead)." pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Fig. 93D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1F39CD92DA96AF340FDF3C" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1F39CD92DA96AF37B2DF51" blockId="130.[151,643,506,531]" box="[151,643,506,531]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FF1F39CD92DA96AF37B2DF51" box="[151,643,506,531]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF1F39CD92DA96AF374EDF51" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[151,639,506,531]" page="520" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" year="2018">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1F39CD92DA96AF374EDF51" authority="Moghaddam, 2018: 520" authorityName="Moghaddam (Moghaddam" authorityPageNumber="520" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,639,506,531]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Rhizococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avicennae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD92DA96AF34B2DF51" box="[151,387,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Rhizococcus avicennae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF1F39CD93C496AF374EDF51" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[393,639,506,531]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="519 - 522" refId="ref105935" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2018) Description of a new species of Rhizococcus (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Acanthococcidae) from Iran. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 58 (2), 519 - 522. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / aemnp- 2018 - 0040" type="journal article" year="2018">Moghaddam, 2018: 520</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1F39CD92DA9515340FDF3C" blockId="130.[151,1437,577,1431]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD92DA951534A0DF18" bold="true" box="[151,401,577,603]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Live adult female oval, with dark green body contents; ovisac white, rounded, and completely covering body.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1F39CD928A95DD36D5D9A0" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1F39CD928A95DD30B1DE70" blockId="130.[151,1437,577,1431]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD928A95DD34E8DFE0" bold="true" box="[199,473,649,675]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female body elongate oval, tapering posteriorly. Antennae each with 7 segments. Frontal lobes and frontal tubercles absent. Eyes situated on margins. Legs well developed; hind coxae each with translucent pores; tarsal and claw digitules knobbed apically and longer than claw; claw with a denticle. Anal lobes strongly developed, dorsum of each with 4 enlarged setae and 1 or 2 microtubular ducts. Anal ring with a partial double row of pores and bearing 6 setae. Cauda absent. Large setae on margins few or absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1F39CD92BA946A3035DEA4" blockId="130.[151,1437,577,1431]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD92BA946A3460DE14" box="[247,337,830,855]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Dorsum</emphasis>
with enlarged conical setae of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FF1F39CD90FF94693637DE14" box="[690,774,829,855]" count="2" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
, both with pointed tips: (i) longer
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFF1F39CD96C69469318ADE14" box="[1163,1211,829,855]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">type</typeStatus>
situated on margin, few; and (ii) smaller
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFF1F39CD93C69435348ADE38" box="[395,443,865,891]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">type</typeStatus>
forming transverse rows across each segment, and irregular rows across head. Margin of abdominal segment VII with 3 lateral enlarged setae on each side. Macrotubular ducts of 3 sizes: (i) large ducts present on head, thorax and abdominal segments; (ii) intermediate-sized ducts present on all segments but much fewer than large ducts; and (iii) small ducts forming transverse rows across each abdominal segment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1F39CD928A94A636D5D9A0" blockId="130.[151,1437,577,1431]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD928A94A6343ED948" box="[199,271,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Venter</emphasis>
with normal flagellate setae of various sizes, present from median area to margin. Labium basal segment bearing 2 unequal pairs of setae. Disc-pores each with 7 loculi in a single ring, forming transverse rows across abdominal segments III–VIII+X, plus a few near each anterior spiracle. Hind femur without translucent pores. Quinquelocular pores present on abdominal segments I–VI and near anterior and posterior spiracles. Macrotubular ducts of 3 sizes, similar to those on dorsum: large ducts forming transverse bands in marginal areas; intermediate-sized ducts scattered but absent from margins; and small ducts forming transverse rows across abdominal segments IV–VI. Cruciform pores few, present on submargins of prothorax and head.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF1F39CD928A93B937A8D8D4" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1F39CD928A93B935D1D868" blockId="130.[151,1437,577,1431]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD928A93B93452D844" bold="true" box="[199,355,1261,1287]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF1F39CD932393B93749D844" authorityName="Moghaddam (Moghaddam" authorityYear="2018" box="[366,632,1261,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Rhizococcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avicennae">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD932393B93749D844" box="[366,632,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Rhizococcus avicennae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded only from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF1F39CD91AC93B93120D844" box="[993,1041,1261,1287]" name="Iran" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF1F39CD966C93B931CBD844" box="[1057,1274,1261,1287]" country="Iran" name="Hamadan" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Hamadan province</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF1F39CD974093B935E5D868" author="Moghaddam, M." pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="519 - 522" refId="ref105935" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2018) Description of a new species of Rhizococcus (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Acanthococcidae) from Iran. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 58 (2), 519 - 522. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / aemnp- 2018 - 0040" type="journal article" year="2018">Moghaddam 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1F39CD928A926131F0D80C" blockId="130.[151,1437,577,1431]" box="[199,1217,1333,1359]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD928A9261346AD80C" bold="true" box="[199,347,1333,1359]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The scale was found on an unidentified grass (P
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD9137926136E2D80C" box="[890,979,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">oaceae)</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF1F39CD91AF92613184D80C" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[994,1205,1333,1359]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131" pagination="519 - 522" refId="ref105935" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2018) Description of a new species of Rhizococcus (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Acanthococcidae) from Iran. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 58 (2), 519 - 522. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / aemnp- 2018 - 0040" type="journal article" year="2018">Moghaddam 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1F39CD928A920D3628D830" blockId="130.[151,1437,577,1431]" box="[199,793,1369,1395]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD928A920D34E6D830" bold="true" box="[199,471,1369,1395]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Economic importance:</emphasis>
Not known as a pest in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF1F39CD90A9920D3624D830" box="[740,789,1369,1395]" name="Iran" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF1F39CD928A922937A8D8D4" blockId="130.[151,1437,577,1431]" box="[199,665,1405,1431]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF1F39CD928A922934A5D8D4" bold="true" box="[199,404,1405,1431]" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF1F39CD9029922937A4D8D4" box="[612,661,1405,1431]" name="Iran" pageId="130" pageNumber="131">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

160
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<mods:title id="D2308DCA95352EDF8A80B5EAD8427525">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="34A3639644A61ACFDFD9E4AF3A760EDE">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3339E192DA944D3765DE70" box="[151,596,793,820]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3339E192DA944D3765DE70" blockId="174.[151,596,793,856]" box="[151,596,793,820]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<heading id="4B4581E2FF3339E192DA944D3765DE70" bold="true" box="[151,596,793,820]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3339E192DA944D3765DE70" authority="Kaydan &amp; Szita" authorityName="Kaydan &amp; Szita" box="[151,596,793,820]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Ortheziola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marottai">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E192DA944D3765DE70" bold="true" box="[151,596,793,820]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E192DA944D34B4DE77" bold="true" box="[151,389,793,820]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Ortheziola marottai</emphasis>
Kaydan &amp; Szita
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3339E192DA946A371BDE1B" box="[151,554,830,856]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3339E192DA946A371BDE1B" blockId="174.[151,596,793,856]" box="[151,554,830,856]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF3339E192D2946A35C3DE1B" box="[159,242,830,856]" captionStart="FIGURE 86" captionStartId="175.[151,250,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,185,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-17@175.[151,1436,181,1911]" captionTargetPageId="175" captionText="FIGURE 86. Adult female of Ortheziola marottai Kaydan &amp; Szita, reproduced from Kaydan et al. (2014), page 73, fig. 22, with kind permission from the authors and the Editor of Zookeys." pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF3339E193F0946A3713DE1B" box="[445,546,830,856]" captionStart="FIGURE 91" captionStartId="181.[151,250,1496,1520]" captionTargetBox="[207,1385,186,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-17@181.[199,1389,181,1472]" captionTargetPageId="181" captionText="FIGURE 91. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Kermes quercus (Linnaeus); B, Kermes spatulatus Balachowsky; C, Neoacanthococcus pamiricus (Bazarov); D, Neoacanthococcus tamaricicola Borchsenius; E, Nidularia balachowskii Bodenheimer; F, Orthezia urticae (Linnaeus); G, Ortheziola marottai Kaydan &amp; Szita; H, Palaeolecanium bituberculatum (Signoret); I, Palmaspis phoenicis (Ramachandra Rao); J, Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché); K, Parthenolecanium persicae (Fabricius); L, Phoenicococcus marlatti Cockerell." pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Fig. 91G</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3339E192DA94D63797DEA0" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3339E192DA94D63675DED9" blockId="174.[151,836,898,922]" box="[151,836,898,922]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FF3339E192DA94D63675DED9" box="[151,836,898,922]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3339E192DA94D63738DED9" authority="Kaydan &amp; Szita" authorityName="Kaydan &amp; Szita" box="[151,521,898,922]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Ortheziola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marottai">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E192DA94D63451DED9" box="[151,352,898,922]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Ortheziola marottai</emphasis>
Kaydan &amp; Szita
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E1904294D73712DED9" box="[527,547,899,922]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">in</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF3339E1906494D6360EDED9" author="Kaydan, M. B. &amp; Konczne Benedicty, Z. &amp; Szita, E." box="[553,831,898,922]" page="72" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3339E1906494D6360EDED9" author="Kaydan, M. B. &amp; Konczne Benedicty, Z. &amp; Szita, E." box="[553,831,898,922]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="65 - 80" refId="ref103770" refString="Kaydan, M. B., Konczne Benedicty, Z. &amp; Szita, E. (2014) New species of the genus Ortheziola Sulc (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Ortheziidae), ZooKeys, 406, 65 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 406.7596" type="journal article" year="2014">
Kaydan
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E1903394D7379BDED9" box="[638,682,898,922]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">et al</emphasis>
., 2014: 72–74
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3339E192DA949C3797DEA0" blockId="174.[151,1437,968,1571]" box="[151,678,968,995]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E192DA949C3453DEA0" bold="true" box="[151,354,968,995]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Field characters:</emphasis>
Intact adult female not seen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3339E1928A94B83702D808" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3339E1928A94B83702D808" blockId="174.[151,1437,968,1571]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E1928A94B834D1D945" bold="true" box="[199,480,1004,1030]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female body oval. Antennae each with 3 segments, third (apical) antennal segment with long slender apical seta. Legs each with rows of robust spine-like setae. Wax plates (represented by groups of spines) absent from ventral marginal areas of head and thorax, except for a small spine cluster next to antenna and a normal wax plate between antennae; each thoracic spiracle surrounded by marginal wax band. Setae few, scattered; and associated with anterior and posterior multilocular pore rows, several more associated with posterior multilocular pores surrounding vulva. Abdominal spiracles present with 3 pairs on each side of body anterior to ovisac band and 1 pair situated inside ovisac band, near anterolateral angle; each abdominal spiracle with a sclerotized vestibule. Anal ring with incomplete triple row of circular pores. A sclerotized tergite present on abdominal segment VII, anterior to anal ring. Each multilocular pore cluster laterad of anal ring with an abdominal spiracle present in centre.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3339E1928A920037A8DB60" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3339E1928A920035D1D8F4" blockId="174.[151,1437,968,1571]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E1928A92003452D82D" bold="true" box="[199,355,1364,1390]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3339E1932292003763D82D" box="[367,594,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Ortheziola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marottai">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E1932292003763D82D" box="[367,594,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Ortheziola marottai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3339E191CF920036E6D82D" box="[898,983,1364,1390]" name="Croatia" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Croatia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3339E191A592013106D82C" box="[1000,1079,1365,1391]" name="Greece" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Greece</collectingCountry>
(including
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3339E1968E92013029D82C" box="[1219,1304,1365,1391]" name="Cyprus" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3339E1977D920030A9D82D" box="[1328,1432,1364,1390]" name="Romania" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Romania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3339E192DA922C35C1D8D1" box="[151,240,1400,1426]" name="Turkey" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3339E1934F922C3467D8D1" box="[258,342,1400,1426]" name="Turkey" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Turkey</collectingCountry>
) and
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3339E193D6922D34F9D8D0" box="[411,456,1401,1427]" name="Iran" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3339E19396922D362AD8D1" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[475,795,1400,1427]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E190D4922D37FFD8D1" box="[665,718,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
), where it was found in
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFF3339E19672922C31DBD8D1" box="[1087,1258,1400,1426]" country="Iran" name="Gilan" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Gilan province</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3339E196B0922C35E5D8F4" author="Kaydan, M. B. &amp; Konczne Benedicty, Z. &amp; Szita, E." pageId="174" pageNumber="175" pagination="65 - 80" refId="ref103770" refString="Kaydan, M. B., Konczne Benedicty, Z. &amp; Szita, E. (2014) New species of the genus Ortheziola Sulc (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Ortheziidae), ZooKeys, 406, 65 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 406.7596" type="journal article" year="2014">
Kaydan
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E1972D922D30A4D8D1" box="[1376,1429,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3339E1928A929534E9D899" blockId="174.[151,1437,968,1571]" box="[199,472,1472,1499]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E1928A9295346AD898" bold="true" box="[199,347,1473,1499]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Host-plants:</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3339E1928A92B03159D8BC" blockId="174.[151,1437,968,1571]" box="[199,1128,1508,1535]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E1928A92B034E6D8BD" bold="true" box="[199,471,1508,1534]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Economic importance:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3339E1939392B0378AD8BD" box="[478,699,1508,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Ortheziidae" genus="Ortheziola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marottai">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E1939392B0378AD8BD" box="[478,699,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Ortheziola marottai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is of no economic importance in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3339E1967E92B13155D8BC" box="[1075,1124,1509,1535]" name="Iran" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3339E1928A915D37A8DB60" blockId="174.[151,1437,968,1571]" box="[199,665,1544,1571]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3339E1928A915D34A5DB61" bold="true" box="[199,404,1544,1571]" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3339E19029915D37A4DB60" box="[612,661,1545,1571]" name="Iran" pageId="174" pageNumber="175">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

174
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<mods:title id="3002105B3876C378A7C4A89044696E10">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F7A215733A2C1F2602126307289FC67A">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1C5E83655506BA0ED7B75E9153BDF90C">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFF3539E792DA9116363DDB1F" blockId="168.[151,780,1602,1665]" box="[151,780,1602,1629]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<heading id="4B4581E2FF3539E792DA9116363DDB1F" bold="true" box="[151,780,1602,1629]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3539E792DA9116363DDB1F" ID-CoL="4NLGG" authority="Jashenko &amp; Danzig" authorityName="Jashenko &amp; Danzig" box="[151,780,1602,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Pseudaspidoproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3539E792DA9116363DDB1F" bold="true" box="[151,780,1602,1629]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3539E792DA91163720DB1E" bold="true" box="[151,529,1602,1629]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Pseudaspidoproctus gramineus</emphasis>
Jashenko &amp; Danzig
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3539E792DA913335C8DBC2" box="[151,249,1639,1665]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3539E792DA913335C8DBC2" blockId="168.[151,780,1602,1665]" box="[151,249,1639,1665]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFF3539E792D2913335C0DBC2" box="[159,241,1639,1665]" captionStart="FIGURE 83" captionStartId="169.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[285,1299,189,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-17@169.[280,1307,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="169" captionText="FIGURE 83. Adult female of Pseudaspidoproctus gramineus Jashenko &amp; Danzig, reproduced from Jashenko &amp; Danzig (1992), page 88, fig. 4, from Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie." pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Fig. 83</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3539E792DA91FF37B3DA10" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3539E792DA91FF363EDB80" blockId="168.[151,783,1707,1731]" box="[151,783,1707,1731]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FF3539E792DA91FF363EDB80" box="[151,783,1707,1731]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFF3539E792DA91FF363BDB80" author="Jashenko, R. V. &amp; Danzig, E. M." box="[151,778,1707,1731]" page="89" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" year="1992">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3539E792DA91FF363BDB80" ID-CoL="4NLGG" authority="Jashenko &amp; Danzig, 1992: 89" authorityName="Jashenko &amp; Danzig" authorityPageNumber="89" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,778,1707,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Pseudaspidoproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3539E792DA91FF34E4DB80" box="[151,469,1707,1731]" italics="true" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Pseudaspidoproctus gramineus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3539E7939691FF363BDB80" author="Jashenko, R. V. &amp; Danzig, E. M." box="[475,778,1707,1731]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" pagination="84 - 90" refId="ref103411" refString="Jashenko, R. V. &amp; Danzig, E. M. (1992) [A new genus and three new species of the subfamily Monophlebinae Maskell (Homoptera, Margarodidae) from Middle Asia, Afghanistan and Vietnam]. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 71 (1), 84 - 90. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1992">Jashenko &amp; Danzig, 1992: 89</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3539E792DA91A537B3DA10" blockId="168.[151,1437,1777,2020]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3539E792DA91A534A2DA48" bold="true" box="[151,403,1777,1803]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Live adult female exposed on host-plant during growing period; body elongate ovoid, with dorsum strongly convex and venter flattened; eggs deposited within an internal ventral marsupium with a U- or Vshaped opening (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3539E79318906D3744DA10" author="Jashenko, R. V. &amp; Danzig, E. M." box="[341,629,1849,1875]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" pagination="84 - 90" refId="ref103411" refString="Jashenko, R. V. &amp; Danzig, E. M. (1992) [A new genus and three new species of the subfamily Monophlebinae Maskell (Homoptera, Margarodidae) from Middle Asia, Afghanistan and Vietnam]. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 71 (1), 84 - 90. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1992">Jashenko &amp; Danzig 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3539E5928A900935ECDC02" lastPageId="170" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3539E5928A900935ECDC02" blockId="168.[151,1437,1777,2020]" lastBlockId="170.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="170" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3539E7928A900934EDDA34" bold="true" box="[199,476,1885,1911]" pageId="168" pageNumber="169">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female oval, about
<quantity id="D74A9B6BFF3539E7918D90093113DA3B" box="[960,1058,1885,1912]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="168" pageNumber="169" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
long. Antennae each with 8‒10 segments, each sparsely covered with setae. Legs well developed, covered with long setae; inner margin of tibia and tarsus with 1 or 2 rows of short, thick spines; tarsus apparently partly divided, with a small second pseudosegment present near claw, almost completely merged with long first segment. Cicatrices situated posterior to vulva, numbering 3, each usually elongate oval, median one much larger than lateral ones. Abdominal spiracles probably numbering 7 pairs, but difficult to see. Multilocular pores of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FF3739E5910997EF36A8DD96" box="[836,921,187,213]" count="2" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
: (i) with 1 central circular or oval loculus and 9‒12 peripheral loculi; (ii) with 3 central loculi and 7‒9 peripheral loculi; multilocular disc-pores few on dorsum, occurring singly; more numerous on venter, in groups on thoracic segments; on abdomen, concentrated around vulva.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFF3439E692DA90C33799DA90" blockId="169.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3439E692DA90C3342EDAEC" bold="true" box="[151,287,1943,1967]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">FIGURE 83.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3439E6938590CC36E3DAF3" authority="Jashenko &amp; Danzig" authorityName="Jashenko &amp; Danzig" box="[456,978,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Pseudaspidoproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3439E6938590CC3634DAEC" box="[456,773,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Pseudaspidoproctus gramineus</emphasis>
Jashenko &amp; Danzig
</taxonomicName>
, reproduced from
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3439E696C590CC30A8DAF3" author="Jashenko, R. V. &amp; Danzig, E. M." box="[1160,1433,1944,1968]" pageId="169" pageNumber="170" pagination="84 - 90" refId="ref103411" refString="Jashenko, R. V. &amp; Danzig, E. M. (1992) [A new genus and three new species of the subfamily Monophlebinae Maskell (Homoptera, Margarodidae) from Middle Asia, Afghanistan and Vietnam]. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 71 (1), 84 - 90. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1992">Jashenko &amp; Danzig (1992)</bibRefCitation>
, page 88, fig. 4, from
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3439E6932090E83792DA97" box="[365,675,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="169" pageNumber="170">Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FF3739E5928A961E37A6DF7E" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3739E5928A961E34CADCEE" blockId="170.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3739E5928A961E3452DC27" bold="true" box="[199,355,330,356]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3739E59321961F37FCDC27" box="[364,717,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Margarodidae" genus="Pseudaspidoproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gramineus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3739E59321961F37FCDC27" box="[364,717,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Pseudaspidoproctus gramineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3739E5918D961F313FDC26" box="[960,1038,331,357]" name="Yemen" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Yemen</collectingCountry>
(Afrotropical region),
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3739E5975E961F30ADDC26" box="[1299,1436,331,357]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3739E5928B963B35C2DCCA" box="[198,243,367,393]" name="Iran" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Iran</collectingCountry>
(Palaearctic region) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3739E593AF963B3621DCCA" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[482,784,367,393]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3739E590DA963B37F6DCCA" box="[663,711,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
), where
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3739E59123963B3171DCCA" author="Kozar, F. &amp; Fowjhan, M. A. &amp; Zarrabi, M." box="[878,1088,367,393]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="61 - 74" refId="ref104309" refString="Kozar, F., Fowjhan, M. A. &amp; Zarrabi, M. (1996) Check-list of Coccoidea and Aleyrodoidea (Homoptera) of Afghanistan and Iran, with additional data to the scale insects of fruit trees in Iran. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica, 31, 61 - 74." type="journal article" year="1996">
Kozár
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3739E591F5963B36D8DCCA" box="[952,1001,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">et al</emphasis>
. (1996)
</bibRefCitation>
recorded it, without specifying in which province it was found.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3739E5928A96E33028DCB6" blockId="170.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3739E5928A96E3346ADC92" bold="true" box="[199,347,439,465]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The species has been recorded on host-plants in the family
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3739E591B296E3316ADC92" box="[1023,1115,439,465]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3739E5963396E33036DC92" box="[1150,1287,439,465]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFF3739E5975B96E3341ADCB6" author="Jashenko, R. V. &amp; Danzig, E. M." pageId="170" pageNumber="171" pagination="84 - 90" refId="ref103411" refString="Jashenko, R. V. &amp; Danzig, E. M. (1992) [A new genus and three new species of the subfamily Monophlebinae Maskell (Homoptera, Margarodidae) from Middle Asia, Afghanistan and Vietnam]. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 71 (1), 84 - 90. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1992">Jashenko &amp; Danzig 1992</bibRefCitation>
), and on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3739E593DC968F375EDCB7" box="[401,623,475,501]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Odyssea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mucronata">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3739E593DC968F375EDCB7" box="[401,623,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Odyssea mucronata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFF3739E59030968F37EDDCB6" box="[637,732,475,501]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="170" pageNumber="171" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
) in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3739E5914A968F3669DCB6" box="[775,856,475,501]" name="Yemen" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Yemen</collectingCountry>
, but its host in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3739E5964F968F311EDCB6" box="[1026,1071,475,501]" name="Iran" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Iran</collectingCountry>
was not determined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3739E5928A96AA37BADF5A" blockId="170.[151,1437,151,573]" box="[199,651,510,537]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3739E5928A96AA34E6DF5B" bold="true" box="[199,471,510,536]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Economic importance:</emphasis>
None recorded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFF3739E5928A957737A6DF7E" blockId="170.[151,1437,151,573]" box="[199,663,546,573]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFF3739E5928A957734BADF7F" bold="true" box="[199,395,546,573]" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Natural enemies</emphasis>
: None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFF3739E5902E957737A5DF7E" box="[611,660,547,573]" name="Iran" pageId="170" pageNumber="171">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="1FDF6BC4417E44F909174B84ACA4603A">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D858DF600F64B0FDD2D8115B77F367B4">Moghaddam, Masumeh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CD140088950606734071A618070762BB">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6D593AF547F60779A6AFDEAAEAD05965">Watson, Gillian W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FB77415E23203111B28BED8EE912EA36">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFA0397292DA966E3760DC17" box="[151,593,314,341]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFA0397292DA966E3760DC17" blockId="61.[151,593,314,377]" box="[151,593,314,341]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFA0397292DA966E3760DC17" bold="true" box="[151,593,314,341]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA0397292DA966E3760DC17" ID-CoL="6H83B" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" box="[151,593,314,341]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficiphilum">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA0397292DA966E3760DC17" bold="true" box="[151,593,314,341]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA0397292DA966E3480DC16" bold="true" box="[151,433,314,341]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Eulecanium ficiphilum</emphasis>
Borchsenius
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFA0397292DA960A371BDC3A" box="[151,554,350,377]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFA0397292DA960A371BDC3A" blockId="61.[151,593,314,377]" box="[151,554,350,377]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFA0397292D2960A35C3DC3A" box="[159,242,350,377]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,687,1891]" captionTargetId="figure-214@61.[151,1436,683,1896]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 23. Adult female of Eulecanium ficiphilum Borchsenius." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFA0397293F0960A3712DC3A" box="[445,547,350,377]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="180.[151,250,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[211,1377,190,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-22@180.[202,1386,181,1491]" captionTargetPageId="180" captionText="FIGURE 90. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Drosicha turkestanica Archangelskaya; B, Ericerus farsicus Moghaddam &amp; Faghih; C, Eriopeltis festucae (Boyer de Fonscolombe); D, Eulecanium ficiphilum Borchsenius; E, Eulecanium rugulosum (Archangelskaya); F, Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus); G, Exaeretopus tritici Williams; H, Gossyparia spuria (Modeer); I, Gueriniella serratulae (Fabricius); J, Hadzibejliaspis stipae (Hadzibejli); K, Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas); L, Icerya purchasi Maskell." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 90D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFA0397292DA96F735C1DF08" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFA0397292DA96F7374ADCF8" blockId="61.[151,635,419,443]" box="[151,635,419,443]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFA0397292DA96F7374ADCF8" box="[151,635,419,443]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFA0397292DA96F73746DCF8" author="Borchsenius, N. S." box="[151,631,419,443]" page="293" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" year="1955">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA0397292DA96F73746DCF8" ID-CoL="6H83B" authority="Borchsenius, 1955: 293" authorityName="Borchsenius" authorityPageNumber="293" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,631,419,443]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficiphilum">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA0397292DA96F7344FDCF8" box="[151,382,419,443]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Eulecanium ficiphilum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFA0397293C996F73746DCF8" author="Borchsenius, N. S." box="[388,631,419,443]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="288 - 303" refId="ref98775" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1955) [New species of false-hard scales (Homoptera, Coccoidea, Coccidae) of the fauna of USSR and adjacent countries]. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk S, 18, 288 - 303. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1955">Borchsenius, 1955: 293</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFA0397292DA96BD35C1DF08" blockId="61.[151,1437,489,659]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA0397292DA96BD34A0DF40" bold="true" box="[151,401,489,515]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Live adult female body irregularly subspherical, wider than long, with rear end perpendicular to substrate; dead adult female light or dark yellow, with brown spots, wrinkled and with numerous concavities in surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFA03971928A95013103DF8E" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFA03972928A950134F0DFD0" blockId="61.[151,1437,489,659]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA03972928A950134E8DF2C" bold="true" box="[199,473,597,623]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female body more-or-less circular; stigmatic clefts absent; anal cleft quite well developed.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFA0397292DA90D4360FDADB" blockId="61.[151,830,1920,1944]" box="[151,830,1920,1944]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA0397292DA90D43411DADB" bold="true" box="[151,288,1920,1944]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA03972938090D4360FDADB" authority="Borchsenius." authorityName="Borchsenius." box="[461,830,1920,1944]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficiphilum">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA03972938090D43782DADB" box="[461,691,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Eulecanium ficiphilum</emphasis>
Borchsenius.
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</caption>
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA33971928A97C33410DDF3" box="[199,289,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Dorsum</emphasis>
. Derm membranous in young specimens but becoming sclerotized at maturity, particularly in area around anal plates. Setae spinose, each with a well-developed basal socket, scattered throughout. Pores of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFA33971971897EF30ADDD96" box="[1365,1436,187,213]" count="1" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="generic" typeStatus="type">1 type</specimenCount>
present throughout. Preopercular pores absent. Tubular ducts of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFA33971913A978B368EDDBA" box="[887,959,223,249]" count="1" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="generic" typeStatus="type">1 type</specimenCount>
present throughout, each with fairly long outer ductule, and slightly shorter, narrower inner filament ending in a terminal gland.Anal plates together quadrate, each with 3 or 4 apical or subapical setae and 1 or 2 setae along inner margin. Anal ring bearing probably 6 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFA33971928A961F3470DC92" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA33971928A961F342BDC27" box="[199,282,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Margin</emphasis>
. Marginal setae of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFA3397193B9961F3779DC26" box="[500,584,331,357]" count="2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
: (i) some long flagellate setae present at anterior end, and a few at posterior end of abdomen, extending onto distal anal cleft margins; and (ii) most marginal setae thick, elongate-conical, blunt and spinelike, mainly on lateral margins. Stigmatic areas each with 0–3 spiracular setae, not differentiated from marginal setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFA33971928A968F3103DF8E" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA33971928A968F343EDCB7" box="[199,271,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Venter</emphasis>
. Derm completely membranous. Pregenital disc-pores each with 10 loculi, present around anogenital fold and forming large medial and submedial segmental clusters on abdominal and thoracic segments. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in a narrow band between each spiracle and margin. Ventral tubular ducts of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFA3397197C3957735E7DF22" count="2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
: (i) larger ducts, present in a wide submarginal band around entire submargin; and (ii) smaller ducts, present around mouthparts. Legs well developed, each without a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; claw lacking a denticle; claws very thick, rough, each held at 90º to tarsus; claw digitules absent or shorter than claw. Tarsal digitules slender, short, and approximately as long as claw. Antennae each with 8 segments.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFA33971928A958237A8DE8A" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFA33971928A958235D1DE7A" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA33971928A95823452DFB3" bold="true" box="[199,355,726,752]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA3397193219583375FDFB2" box="[364,622,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Eulecanium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficiphilum">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA3397193219583375FDFB2" box="[364,622,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Eulecanium ficiphilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFA33971912F958336DFDFB2" box="[866,1006,727,753]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFA3397191B695833165DFB2" box="[1019,1108,727,753]" name="Turkey" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Türkiye</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFA3397196289583318ADFB2" box="[1125,1211,727,753]" name="Turkey" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Turkey</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFA33971969D9583305ADFB2" box="[1232,1387,727,753]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFA3397192DA95AF35F5DE56" box="[151,196,763,789]" name="Iran" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFA33971929F95AF3733DE56" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[210,514,763,789]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA3397193CA95AF3489DE56" box="[391,440,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
); in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFA33971907C95AF3750DE56" box="[561,609,763,789]" name="Iran" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it is found in
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFA3397190B395AF3669DE56" box="[766,856,763,789]" country="Iran" name="Kerman" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Kerman</collectingRegion>
and Sistan &amp; Balouchestan provinces (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFA33971974095AF35E5DE7A" author="Moghaddam, M." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref105801" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2013) An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 334.5818" type="journal article" year="2013">Moghaddam 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFA33971928A9417315BDEC2" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA33971928A9417346ADE1E" bold="true" box="[199,347,835,861]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The species has only been recorded on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA33971915D941736B2DE1E" box="[784,899,835,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA33971915D9417367FDE1F" box="[784,846,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ficus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
including
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA3397191B59417316BDE1F" baseAuthorityName="Bodenheimer" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[1016,1114,835,860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carica">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA3397191B59417316BDE1F" box="[1016,1114,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">F. carica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA33971962A941731E8DE1E" box="[1127,1241,835,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFA3397196A394173422DEC2" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA3397192DA943335F9DEC2" box="[151,200,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFA33971930994333445DEC2" box="[324,372,871,897]" name="Iran" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been recorded on edible fig,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFA33971914F94333157DEC2" authority="(Bodenheimer 1944 b)" baseAuthorityName="Bodenheimer" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[770,1126,871,897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carica">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA33971914F94333657DEC3" box="[770,870,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">F. carica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFA33971913E9433316FDEC2" author="Bodenheimer, F. S." box="[883,1118,871,897]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref98321" refString="Bodenheimer, F. S. (1944 b) Note on the Coccoidea of Iran, with description of new species. Bulletin de la Societe Fouad 1 er d'Entomologie, 28, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1944">Bodenheimer 1944b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFA33971928A94DE313CDEE6" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[199,1037,906,933]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA33971928A94DE34E6DEE7" bold="true" box="[199,471,906,932]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Economic importance:</emphasis>
There are no records of economic damage in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFA33971919594DF3138DEE6" box="[984,1033,907,933]" name="Iran" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFA33971928A94FB37A8DE8A" blockId="62.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[199,665,942,969]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFA33971928A94FB34A5DE8B" bold="true" box="[199,404,942,969]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFA33971902994FB37A4DE8A" box="[612,661,943,969]" name="Iran" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

219
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<mods:title id="EE277A52E78B32FEDFC519D2E5E092F8">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="F79271C0BC90738698CF1B81D33C1A8C">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFAC397E92DA963A3719DCCB" box="[151,552,366,393]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E92DA963A3719DCCB" blockId="49.[151,554,366,429]" box="[151,552,366,393]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFAC397E92DA963A3719DCCB" bold="true" box="[151,552,366,393]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E92DA963A3719DCCB" ID-CoL="69N8C" authority="Del Guercio" authorityName="Del Guercio" box="[151,552,366,393]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E92DA963A3719DCCB" bold="true" box="[151,552,366,393]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E92DA963A34BADCCB" bold="true" box="[151,395,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ceroplastes sinensis</emphasis>
Del Guercio
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFAC397E92DA96C6371BDCEF" box="[151,554,402,429]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E92DA96C6371BDCEF" blockId="49.[151,554,366,429]" box="[151,554,402,429]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFAC397E92D296C635C3DCEF" box="[159,242,402,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,191,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-22@50.[151,1436,181,1861]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 17. Adult female of Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio." pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFAC397E93F096C63713DCEF" box="[445,546,402,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 89" captionStartId="179.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[210,1380,190,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-17@179.[197,1391,181,1482]" captionTargetPageId="179" captionText="FIGURE 89. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Asterodiaspis minor (Russell); B, Asterodiaspis quercicola (Bouché); C, Bambusaspis bambusae (Boisduval); D, Bodenheimera rachelae (Bodenheimer); E, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock; F, Ceroplastes rubens Maskell; G, Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus); H, Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio; I, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus; J, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana); K, Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger; L, Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya)." pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 89H</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFAC397E92DA968336C7DFE0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E92DA96833779DCAC" blockId="49.[151,584,471,495]" box="[151,584,471,495]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFAC397E92DA96833779DCAC" box="[151,584,471,495]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFAC397E92DA96833775DCAC" author="Del Guercio, G." box="[151,580,471,495]" page="3" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1900">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E92DA96833775DCAC" ID-CoL="69N8C" authority="Del Guercio, 1900: 3" authorityName="Del Guercio" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,580,471,495]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E92DA96833457DCAD" box="[151,358,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ceroplastes sinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAC397E932196833775DCAC" author="Del Guercio, G." box="[364,580,471,495]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="3 - 26" refId="ref100707" refString="Del Guercio, G. (1900) [Observations on a new scale insect harmful to citrus fruits in Italy and on the way to immunize the woody part of the plants against the bite of scale insects in general and to destroy them]. Nuove Relazione della R. Stazione di Entomologia Agraria Firenze, 3, 3 - 26. [in Italian]" type="journal article" year="1900">Del Guercio, 1900: 3</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E92DA954936C7DFE0" blockId="49.[151,1437,541,1720]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E92DA954934A3DF74" bold="true" box="[151,402,541,567]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Live adult female body almost circular with an irregular margin, convex, covered with thick wax. Wax of young females white, divided into 8 plates, 5 near margins with a blurred brownish patch at the centre of each; in ventral view, with narrow white strip of secretion between each spiracle and margin. Old females with reddish brown wax, with plate divisions and darker brown patches indistinct.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFAC397E928A95F935C9D830" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E928A95F934AEDFA8" blockId="49.[151,1437,541,1720]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E928A95F934E9DF84" bold="true" box="[199,472,685,711]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female body oval, convex, with shallow stigmatic clefts. Caudal process short and stout.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E928A95A234FBDE80" blockId="49.[151,1437,541,1720]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E928A95A23410DE4C" box="[199,289,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Dorsum</emphasis>
. Derm membranous in young females, except for sclerotized caudal process. Derm with 8 clear areas. Setae each cylindrical with a rounded or pointed apex. Pores mostly trilocular, of 3 main
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFAC397E96C2944D31FFDE70" box="[1167,1230,793,819]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">types</typeStatus>
: (i) oval trilocular pores, (ii) triangular trilocular pores, and (iii) bilocular pores; a few 4-locular pores also present, particularly at anterior end. Preopercular pores present in a transverse band, numbering about 8–20 pores. Tubular ducts and duct tubercles absent. Anal plates each with 3 large dorsal setae on posterior quarter of each plate, plus a smaller apical seta (not shown in
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFAC397E932694FD348CDE80" box="[363,445,937,963]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,191,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-22@50.[151,1436,181,1861]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 17. Adult female of Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio." pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E928A949A3419D910" blockId="49.[151,1437,541,1720]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E928A949A342BDEA4" box="[199,282,974,999]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Margin</emphasis>
. Marginal setae flagellate; with 2−4 marginal setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side; anal lobe with 3 or 4 marginal setae; submarginal setae more frequent than marginal setae. Stigmatic clefts shallow, each with 18−54 hemispherical, bullet-shaped or lanceolate spiracular setae in 3 or 4 irregular rows in each cleft.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E928A930A35C9D830" blockId="49.[151,1437,541,1720]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E928A930A343ED934" box="[199,271,1118,1143]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Venter</emphasis>
. Derm membranous. Pregenital disc-pores restricted to around anogenital fold and across 2 preceding abdominal segments; much less frequent medially and occasionally present mediolaterally on segment V; generally absent from segment IV and more anteriorly. Spiracular disc-pore bands at narrowest point each only 3 or 4 pores wide, but about 5 or 6 pores wide near margin. Cruciform pores scattered (not illustrated). Simple microducts (filamentous ducts) present around margins, not always visible. Ventral tubular ducts present in groups on head and around anogenital fold. Antennae each usually with 7 segments (but
<quantity id="D74A9B6BFFAC397E91DA924536F3D868" box="[919,962,1297,1323]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
Iranian specimens). Legs well-developed, each with a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; claw digitules both broad; each claw with an almost imperceptible denticle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFAC397E928A9229304FDBFB" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E928A922936BCD8F8" blockId="49.[151,1437,541,1720]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E928A92293452D8D4" bold="true" box="[199,355,1405,1431]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E93249229377FD8D4" box="[361,590,1405,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E93249229377FD8D4" box="[361,590,1405,1431]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ceroplastes sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a widespread species in warm temperate to subtropical countries; in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFAC397E9725922930A9D8D4" box="[1384,1432,1405,1431]" name="Iran" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it is found in
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFAC397E936092F5345AD8F8" box="[301,363,1441,1467]" country="Iran" name="Gilan" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Gilan</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFAC397E93EC92F5371AD8F8" box="[417,555,1441,1467]" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Mazandaran</collectingRegion>
provinces (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAC397E90E392F536B0D8F8" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[686,897,1441,1467]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref105893" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2017) The Scale Insects of Citrus in Iran (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) (Identification, Biology, Natural Enemies and Distribution). Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, 175 pp." type="book" year="2017">Moghaddam 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E928A929137E9DB64" blockId="49.[151,1437,541,1720]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E928A9291346AD89C" bold="true" box="[199,347,1477,1503]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The scale is polyphagous, mostly on woody broad-leafed hosts. In
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFAC397E9622929131AED89C" box="[1135,1183,1477,1503]" name="Iran" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been found on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E92DA92BE3468DB40" box="[151,345,1514,1539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" genus="Punica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="granatum">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E92DA92BE3468DB40" box="[151,345,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Punica granatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E932B92BD34D6DB40" box="[358,487,1513,1539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lythraceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E93B592BE3764DB40" box="[504,597,1513,1539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E93B592BE3701DB40" box="[504,560,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Rosa</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E902F92BD37FEDB40" box="[610,719,1513,1539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAC397E90AE92BD3685DB40" author="Moghaddam, M." box="[739,948,1513,1539]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref105893" refString="Moghaddam, M. (2017) The Scale Insects of Citrus in Iran (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) (Identification, Biology, Natural Enemies and Distribution). Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, 175 pp." type="book" year="2017">Moghaddam 2017</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E918B92BD3164DB40" box="[966,1109,1513,1539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Hedera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="helix">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E918B92BD3164DB40" box="[966,1109,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hedera helix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E962F92BD31ECDB40" box="[1122,1245,1513,1539]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araliaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAC397E96BF92BD34A3DB6B" author="Feli Kohikheili, Z. &amp; Damavandian, M. R." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="73 - 76" refId="ref101152" refString="Feli Kohikheili, Z. &amp; Damavandian, M. R. (2015) First record of two parasitoid wasps (Hym.: Mymaridae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 83 (1), 73 - 76." type="journal article" year="2015">Feli Kohikheili &amp; Damavandian 2015</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E939891593760DB64" box="[469,593,1549,1575]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E93989159372ADB64" box="[469,539,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Citrus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E9012915937FDDB64" box="[607,716,1549,1575]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E928A91653008DB08" blockId="49.[151,1437,541,1720]" box="[199,1337,1585,1611]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E928A916534E6DB08" bold="true" box="[199,471,1585,1611]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Economic importance:</emphasis>
The species is a serious pest of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E9170916536B2DB08" box="[829,899,1585,1611]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E9170916536B2DB08" box="[829,899,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Citrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees in the northern provinces of
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFAC397E974991653004DB08" box="[1284,1333,1585,1611]" name="Iran" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFAC397E928A9101304FDBFB" blockId="49.[151,1437,541,1720]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E928A910134A7DB2C" bold="true" box="[199,406,1621,1647]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
The following parasitoid wasps (
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E915591013685DB2C" box="[792,948,1621,1647]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
) have been observed attacking
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E976D910130ACDB2C" box="[1312,1437,1621,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E976D910130ACDB2C" box="[1312,1437,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">C. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFAC397E92F7912D35DADBD0" box="[186,235,1657,1683]" name="Iran" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Iran</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E92B0912D3777DBD0" authority="(Mercet)" baseAuthorityName="Mercet" baseAuthorityYear="1912" box="[253,582,1657,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Aphytis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispanicus">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E92B0912D34E7DBD0" box="[253,470,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Aphytis hispanicus</emphasis>
(Mercet)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E90C4912D36CEDBD0" authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[649,1023,1657,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" genus="Coccophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lycimnia">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E90C4912D36BEDBD0" box="[649,911,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Coccophagus lycimnia</emphasis>
(Walker)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E9658912D3194DBD0" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1876" box="[1045,1189,1657,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Aphelinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Aphelinidae</taxonomicName>
);
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E96F3912E340ADBF4" authority="(Motschulsky)" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" genus="Microterys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nietneri">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E96F3912E30ADDBD0" box="[1214,1436,1658,1683]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Microterys nietneri</emphasis>
(Motschulsky)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E930491C934F9DBF4" baseAuthorityName="Forster" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[329,456,1693,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Encyrtidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Encyrtidae</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E904691C9362BDBF4" authority="Soyka" authorityName="Soyka" authorityYear="1950" box="[523,794,1693,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Alaptus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="priesneri">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFAC397E904691C937FDDBF4" box="[523,716,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Alaptus priesneri</emphasis>
Soyka
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFAC397E916591C9369CDBF4" box="[808,941,1693,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mymaridae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFAC397E918E91C93043DBFB" author="Feli Kohikheili, Z. &amp; Damavandian, M. R." box="[963,1394,1693,1720]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="73 - 76" refId="ref101152" refString="Feli Kohikheili, Z. &amp; Damavandian, M. R. (2015) First record of two parasitoid wasps (Hym.: Mymaridae) from Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 83 (1), 73 - 76." type="journal article" year="2015">Feli Kohikheili &amp; Damavandian 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

184
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@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
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<mods:title id="403D2695F2B921D3373DBC8D5EF1A479">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB0396292DA91FA34D9DB8A" box="[151,488,1710,1737]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB0396292DA91FA34D9DB8A" blockId="45.[151,661,1710,1773]" box="[151,488,1710,1737]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFB0396292DA91FA34D9DB8A" bold="true" box="[151,488,1710,1737]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB0396292DA91FA34D9DB8A" ID-CoL="T452" authority="Maskell" authorityName="Maskell (Moghaddam &amp; Nematian" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,488,1710,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB0396292DA91FA34D9DB8A" bold="true" box="[151,488,1710,1737]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB0396292DA91FA344FDB8A" bold="true" box="[151,382,1710,1737]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ceroplastes rubens</emphasis>
Maskell
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFB0396292DA918637A4DBAE" blockId="45.[151,661,1710,1773]" box="[151,661,1746,1773]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFB0396292D2918635C3DBAE" box="[159,242,1746,1773]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1971,1995]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,565,1940]" captionTargetId="figure-176@46.[151,1436,560,1947]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 15. Adult female of Ceroplastes rubens Maskell, reproduced from Moghaddam &amp; Nematian (2021) page 179, fig. 2, with kind permission from the Editor of Journal of Entomological Society of Iran." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFB0396292B391863450DBAE" box="[254,353,1746,1773]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,234,1620,1644]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1597]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[189,1398,181,1597]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="PLATE 2. Coccidae continued: A, Ceroplastes rubens Maskell; B, Coccus hesperidum (Linnaeus); C-1 and C-2, Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus); D, Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya); E, Ericerus farsicus Moghaddam &amp; Faghih; F, Eriopeltis festucae (Boyer de Fonscolombe); G, Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus)." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Plate 2A</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFB039629061918637BCDBAE" box="[556,653,1746,1773]" captionStart="FIGURE 89" captionStartId="179.[151,250,1507,1531]" captionTargetBox="[210,1380,190,1474]" captionTargetId="figure-17@179.[197,1391,181,1482]" captionTargetPageId="179" captionText="FIGURE 89. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Asterodiaspis minor (Russell); B, Asterodiaspis quercicola (Bouché); C, Bambusaspis bambusae (Boisduval); D, Bodenheimera rachelae (Bodenheimer); E, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock; F, Ceroplastes rubens Maskell; G, Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus); H, Ceroplastes sinensis Del Guercio; I, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus; J, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (Kuwana); K, Cryptococcus fagisuga Lindinger; L, Didesmococcus unifasciatus (Archangelskaya)." pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 89F</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB0396292DA90433438DAA7" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB0396292DA9043371DDA6C" blockId="45.[151,556,1815,1839]" box="[151,556,1815,1839]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFB0396292DA9043371DDA6C" box="[151,556,1815,1839]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFB0396292DA90433719DA6C" author="Maskell, W. M." box="[151,552,1815,1839]" page="214" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" year="1893">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB0396292DA90433719DA6C" ID-CoL="T452" authority="Maskell, 1893: 214" authorityName="Maskell (Moghaddam &amp; Nematian" authorityPageNumber="214" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,552,1815,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB0396292DA9043346ADA6C" box="[151,347,1815,1839]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Ceroplastes rubens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB03962932C90433719DA6C" author="Maskell, W. M." box="[353,552,1815,1839]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="201 - 252" refId="ref105217" refString="Maskell, W. M. (1893) Further coccid notes: with descriptions of new species from Australia, India, Sandwich Islands, Demerara, and South Pacific. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 25 (1892), 201 - 252." type="journal article" year="1893">Maskell, 1893: 214</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFB0396292DA90093438DAA7" blockId="45.[151,1436,1885,2020]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB0396292DA900934A2DA34" bold="true" box="[151,403,1885,1911]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Live adult female body convex, up to
<quantity id="D74A9B6BFFB03962910690093693DA3B" box="[843,930,1885,1912]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
long, covered with thick pinkish brown wax not divided into plates; dorsum with short, raised, narrow whiteish ridge leading to each stigmatic cleft. In dorsal view, the waxy test appears sub-rectangular or oval. The pink eggs are laid under the female body, protected by the waxy test.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB33960928A97C23180DCCA" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB33961928A97C23432DD97" blockId="46.[151,1436,150,537]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB33961928A97C234E6DDF3" bold="true" box="[199,471,150,176]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female body broadly oval and convex. Stigmatic clefts quite wide and deep.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB33961928A978B3717DCCA" blockId="46.[151,1436,150,537]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB33961928A978B3410DDBB" box="[199,289,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Dorsum</emphasis>
. Derm membranous on young females, but with a rather flat, heavily sclerotized caudal process; with 1 cephalic, 1 mediodorsal, and 6 lateral clear areas devoid of pores and setae. Setae short, cylindrical, and with truncate apex. Pores of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFB3396193EA967234CCDC02" box="[423,509,294,321]" count="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="generic" typeStatus="types">2 types</specimenCount>
: bilocular, and irregularly oval trilocular. Tubular ducts present throughout. Duct tubercles absent. Preopercular pores present in a group of about 9−15 pores. Anal plates each with 3 long flagellate dorsal setae. Anal ring with 8 setae.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB33961928A96C7342BDCEF" box="[199,282,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Margin</emphasis>
. Marginal setae slightly longer than dorsal setae, except each anal lobe with 3−5 longer, sharply pointed setae. Stigmatic clefts quite deep, each with about 15–18 stigmatic setae along margin of each stigmatic cleft, each seta bollard-like, plus, more dorsally, 2 significantly larger bollard-like setae and with a much larger, bluntly pointed, spinose seta at apex of each group.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFB3396192DA90E736E6DAAC" blockId="46.[151,1437,1971,2031]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB3396192DA90E73411DA88" bold="true" box="[151,288,1971,1995]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB33961938190E737DBDA88" authority="Maskell" authorityName="Maskell (Moghaddam &amp; Nematian" authorityYear="2021" box="[460,746,1971,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB33961938190E737BEDA88" box="[460,655,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Ceroplastes rubens</emphasis>
Maskell
</taxonomicName>
, reproduced from
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB3396191E990E731C0DA88" author="Moghaddam, M. &amp; Nematian, M. R." box="[932,1265,1971,1995]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="175 - 181" refId="ref106200" refString="Moghaddam, M. &amp; Nematian, M. R. (2021) New record of a scale insect pest from the genus Ceroplastes (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Coccidae) on Aglaonema commutatum (Araceae) from Iran. Journal of the Entomological Society of Iran, 41 (2), 175 - 181." type="journal article" year="2021">Moghaddam &amp; Nematian (2021)</bibRefCitation>
page 179, fig. 2, with kind permission from the Editor of
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB33961907C908336E3DAAC" box="[561,978,2007,2031]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Journal of Entomological Society of Iran</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB23960928A97C33180DCCA" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928A97C3343EDDF3" box="[199,271,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Venter</emphasis>
. Derm entirely membranous. Pregenital disc-pores each with 10 loculi, restricted to around anogenital fold (segment VII). Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in broad bands between margin and each spiracle, and with a few extending medially past spiracular apodeme towards prothoracic coxa. Cruciform pores present at margins. Tubular ducts absent. Minute setae present; interantennal setae numbering at most 3 pairs; setae on pregenital segments small. Antennae quite short, each with 6 segments. Legs much reduced in size, with trochanter and femur occasionally appearing fused, lacking tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; tibia and tarsus fused; claw digitules dissimilar, 1 slightly thicker and longer than other; tarsal digitules both narrow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFB23960928A96C63788DFEA" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB23960928A96C63746DC92" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928A96C63452DCEF" bold="true" box="[199,355,402,428]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB23960932196C73776DCEE" authorityName="Maskell (Moghaddam &amp; Nematian" authorityYear="2021" box="[364,583,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Ceroplastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960932196C73776DCEE" box="[364,583,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ceroplastes rubens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a cosmopolitan species of African origin; in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFB23960963C96C73190DCEE" box="[1137,1185,403,429]" name="Iran" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it is found in
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFB23960970296C735C8DC92" country="Iran" name="Tehran" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Tehran province</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB23960934596E3375ADC92" author="Moghaddam, M. &amp; Nematian, M. R." box="[264,619,439,465]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="175 - 181" refId="ref106200" refString="Moghaddam, M. &amp; Nematian, M. R. (2021) New record of a scale insect pest from the genus Ceroplastes (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Coccidae) on Aglaonema commutatum (Araceae) from Iran. Journal of the Entomological Society of Iran, 41 (2), 175 - 181." type="journal article" year="2021">Moghaddam &amp; Nematian 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB23960928A968F34D2DF7E" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928A968F346ADCB6" bold="true" box="[199,347,475,501]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The scale highly polyphagous, usually feeding on woody hosts and some
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB2396096AC968F3056DCB6" box="[1249,1383,475,501]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Cycadaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cycadaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB2396092DA96AB342DDF5A" box="[151,284,511,537]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Pteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pteridaceae</taxonomicName>
; in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFB23960930B96AB3447DF5A" box="[326,374,511,537]" name="Iran" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been recorded on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB2396090DF96AB369ADF5B" box="[658,939,511,537]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Aglaonema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="commutatum">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB2396090DF96AB369ADF5B" box="[658,939,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Aglaonema commutatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB2396091F796AB3128DF5A" box="[954,1049,511,537]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFB23960967C96AB30A5DF5A" author="Moghaddam, M. &amp; Nematian, M. R." box="[1073,1428,511,537]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="175 - 181" refId="ref106200" refString="Moghaddam, M. &amp; Nematian, M. R. (2021) New record of a scale insect pest from the genus Ceroplastes (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Coccidae) on Aglaonema commutatum (Araceae) from Iran. Journal of the Entomological Society of Iran, 41 (2), 175 - 181." type="journal article" year="2021">Moghaddam &amp; Nematian 2021</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB23960928A95773465DF7F" baseAuthorityName="Bodenheimer" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[199,340,547,572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="carica">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928A95773465DF7F" box="[199,340,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Ficus carica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFB23960932F957734E6DF7E" box="[354,471,547,573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB23960928A9512303BDFC6" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928A951234E9DF23" bold="true" box="[199,472,582,608]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Economic importance:</emphasis>
It is highly likely that this species was introduced to
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFB23960967B95133152DF22" box="[1078,1123,583,609]" name="Iran" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Iran</collectingCountry>
on plants that had not been properly inspected. At present, there are some reports of it causing serious damage to fig trees in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFB239609698953F3037DFC6" box="[1237,1286,619,645]" name="Iran" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFB23960928A95DB3788DFEA" blockId="47.[151,1437,151,681]" box="[199,697,654,681]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFB23960928A95DB34A5DFEB" bold="true" box="[199,404,654,681]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFB2396090C895DB3787DFEA" box="[645,694,655,681]" name="Iran" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

196
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<mods:affiliation id="10BA61EDE38C830C56558E1AB2D51D95">Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran. &amp; Science: Research, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, U. K. gillian. watson @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9914 - 0094 * Corresponding author. moghadam @ iripp. ir; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0908 - 838 X &amp; Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCE391C92DA910F3735DB36" box="[151,516,1627,1654]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C92DA910F3735DB36" blockId="83.[151,554,1627,1690]" box="[151,516,1627,1654]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFCE391C92DA910F3735DB36" bold="true" box="[151,516,1627,1654]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C92DA910F3735DB36" ID-CoL="4QHFV" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[151,516,1627,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C92DA910F3735DB36" bold="true" box="[151,516,1627,1654]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C92DA910F34B5DB35" bold="true" box="[151,388,1627,1654]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Pulvinaria urbicola</emphasis>
Cockerell
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCE391C92DA912B371BDBDA" box="[151,554,1663,1690]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C92DA912B371BDBDA" blockId="83.[151,554,1627,1690]" box="[151,554,1663,1690]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
(
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, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFCE391C93F0912B3713DBDA" box="[445,546,1663,1689]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="183.[151,250,1821,1845]" captionTargetBox="[217,1381,216,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-17@183.[206,1381,181,1797]" captionTargetPageId="183" captionText="FIGURE 93. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Pulvinaria urbicola Cockerell; B, Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus); C, Rhizococcus asperulae Moghaddam; D, Rhizococcus avicennae Moghaddam; E, Rhizococcus borchsenii Danzig; F, Rhizococcus istresianus (Goux); G, Rhizococcus reynei (Schmutterer); H, Rhizococcus saxidesertus (Borchsenius); I, Rhizopulvinaria artemisiae (Signoret); J, Rhizopulvinaria turkestanica (Archangelskaya); K, Saissetia coffeae (Walker); L, Saissetia miranda (Cockerell &amp; Parrott); M, Saissetia oleae (Olivier); N, Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe); O, Stotzia ephedrae (Newstead)." pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 93A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCE391C92DA91903038DA67" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C92DA9190377EDB9F" blockId="83.[151,591,1732,1756]" box="[151,591,1732,1756]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFCE391C92DA9190377ADB9F" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[151,587,1732,1756]" page="160" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" year="1893">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCE391C92DA9190377ADB9F" ID-CoL="4QHFV" authority="Cockerell, 1893 b: 160" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityPageNumber="160" authorityYear="1893" box="[151,587,1732,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C92DA91903451DB9F" box="[151,352,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Pulvinaria urbicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCE391C932B9190377ADB9F" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[358,587,1732,1756]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="159 - 163" refId="ref99452" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1893 b) Two new species of Pulvinaria from Jamaica. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1893, 159 - 163. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1893. tb 02062. x" type="journal article" year="1893">Cockerell, 1893b: 160</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C92DA905D3038DA67" blockId="83.[151,1437,1801,2039]" box="[151,1289,1801,1828]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C92DA905D34A3DA60" bold="true" box="[151,402,1801,1827]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Adult female elongate oval, yellow to yellowish green. Mature female convex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCE391A928A907830BEDDBA" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C928A9078348FDA29" blockId="83.[151,1437,1801,2039]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C928A907834E6DA05" bold="true" box="[199,471,1836,1862]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female body oval to broadly oval. Stigmatic clefts rather shallow. Anal cleft relatively short.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCE391C928A90203009DAB4" blockId="83.[151,1437,1801,2039]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCE391C928A90203410DACE" box="[199,289,1908,1933]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Dorsum</emphasis>
. Derm entirely membranous. Setae relatively long and spiniform, scattered throughout. Pores absent. Preopercular pores oval to circular, in group of 4−12 present anterior to anal plates. Submarginal duct tubercles usually absent but occasionally present in small numbers (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCE391C910590ED3146DA90" author="Williams, D. J. &amp; Watson, G. W." box="[840,1143,1977,2004]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" refId="ref110856" refString="Williams, D. J. &amp; Watson, G. W. (1990) The Scale Insects of the Tropical South Pacific Region. Part. 3: The Soft Scales (Coccidae) and Other Families. CAB International, Wallingford, 267 pp." type="book" year="1990">Williams &amp; Watson 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Tubular ducts scattered throughout. Anal plates together quadrate, each with 3 or 4 apical setae. Anal ring usually bearing 8 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFC9391B928A97C331CCDDBB" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,248]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC9391B928A97C3342BDDF3" box="[199,282,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Margin</emphasis>
. Marginal setae slender, with parallel sides or curved, some bluntly pointed, some with fimbriate or bifid tips; with about 9 setae present between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side. Stigmatic clefts rather shallow, each containing 3 setae, with median seta about 2 or 3 times longer than lateral setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="44CD6606FFC9391B92DA910E3743DBD4" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" startId="84.[151,250,1626,1650]" targetBox="[159,1431,280,1598]" targetPageId="84" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFC9391B92DA910E3743DBD4" blockId="84.[151,1436,1626,1687]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC9391B92DA910E3411DB30" bold="true" box="[151,288,1626,1651]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">FIGURE 35.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFC9391B9383910F3634DB30" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[462,773,1627,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC9391B9383910F37A6DB30" box="[462,663,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Pulvinaria urbicola</emphasis>
Cockerell
</taxonomicName>
: tubular ducts of types (i), (ii) and (iii) shown; for details of their respective distributions, see also the diagnosis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFC9391A928A918B30BEDDBA" blockId="84.[151,1437,1758,2037]" lastBlockId="85.[151,1436,151,537]" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC9391B928A918B343EDBBB" box="[199,271,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Venter</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="A0DA3CD3FFC9391A9352918B30BDDDBA" collectionCode="II, III" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype">
Derm membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 7 loculi, present around anogenital fold, and on preceding 3 or 4 abdominal segments; a small group also present lateral to each metacoxa. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in single to triple rows between each spiracle and margin. Microducts present in a submarginal band and scattered throughout. Tubular ducts of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFC9391B91C8901E36EBDA26" box="[901,986,1866,1893]" count="3" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="generic" typeStatus="types">3 types</specimenCount>
: (i) a short duct, with short filamentous inner ductule and minute terminal gland, present in a broad submarginal band extending from anal cleft to posterior spiracular disc-pore band and with a few ducts also present on marginal area of head and between spiracular disc-pore band; (ii) a large duct, with fairly long and slender inner ductule and a well-developed terminal gland, present in submarginal areas; and (iii) a duct with a shallow cup-shaped invagination, very long slender inner ductule and a well-developed terminal gland, present medially on posterior abdominal segments. Legs well developed, each with freely articulated tibia and tarsus and with articulatory sclerosis; claw without a denticle; both claw digitules broad and shorter than thin tarsal digitules. Antennae each with 8 segments, with segments
<collectionCode id="76A3AE4BFFC8391A9603978B3150DDBA" box="[1102,1121,223,249]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">II</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="76A3AE4BFFC8391A96DA978B3182DDBA" box="[1175,1203,223,249]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">III</collectionCode>
subequal in length
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFC8391A928A965637A8DC92" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFC8391A928A96563715DC02" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,537]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A928A96563452DC5F" bold="true" box="[199,355,258,284]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFC8391A93269657377BDC5E" box="[363,586,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A93269657377BDC5E" box="[363,586,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pulvinaria urbicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a cosmopolitan species (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFC8391A91CF96573188DC5E" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[898,1209,259,285]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A96769657315CDC5E" box="[1083,1133,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
); in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFC8391A96A19657302DDC5E" box="[1260,1308,259,285]" name="Iran" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it is found in Sistan &amp; Balouchestan province.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFC8391A928A961F3111DCCA" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,537]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A928A961F346ADC26" bold="true" box="[199,347,331,357]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The species is polyphagous, having been recorded on host-plants belonging to 45 families (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFC8391A971D961F3447DCCA" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A92B7963B341ADCCA" box="[250,299,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFC8391A93EA963B34E6DCCA" box="[423,471,367,393]" name="Iran" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it has been found on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFC8391A9081963B36B9DCCB" box="[716,904,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guajava">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A9081963B36B9DCCB" box="[716,904,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Psidium guajava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFC8391A91DA963B3125DCCA" box="[919,1044,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFC8391A928A96C631B4DCEE" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,537]" box="[199,1157,402,429]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A928A96C634E6DCEF" bold="true" box="[199,471,402,428]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Economic importance:</emphasis>
No damage caused by this species has been recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFC8391A961D96C731B0DCEE" box="[1104,1153,403,429]" name="Iran" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFC8391A928A96E337A8DC92" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,537]" box="[199,665,438,465]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A928A96E334A5DC93" bold="true" box="[199,404,438,465]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFC8391A902996E337A4DC92" box="[612,661,439,465]" name="Iran" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFC8391A928A968E35D3DF5A" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFC8391A928A968E35D3DF5A" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,537]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A928A968E3463DCB7" bold="true" box="[199,338,474,500]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Comments:</emphasis>
This is the first record of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFC8391A90C7968F3639DCB6" box="[650,776,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A90C7968F3639DCB6" box="[650,776,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">P. urbicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFC8391A911F968F36B2DCB6" box="[850,899,475,501]" name="Iran" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Iran</collectingCountry>
. Please see the comments under
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFC8391A974E968F30ADDCB6" box="[1283,1436,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFC8391A974E968F30ADDCB6" box="[1283,1436,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">P. camelicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
above.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

196
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFD1390392DA95E337A0DF91" blockId="76.[151,657,695,758]" box="[151,657,695,722]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFD1390392DA95E337A0DF91" bold="true" box="[151,657,695,722]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD1390392DA95E337A0DF91" bold="true" box="[151,657,695,722]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD1390392DA95E33482DF91" bold="true" box="[151,435,695,722]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Pulvinaria aligarhensis</emphasis>
Avasthi &amp; Shafee
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFD1390392DA95883710DFB5" blockId="76.[151,657,695,758]" box="[151,545,732,758]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
(
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, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFD1390393F095883728DFB5" box="[445,537,732,758]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="182.[151,250,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,194,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-22@182.[189,1398,181,1500]" captionTargetPageId="182" captionText="FIGURE 92. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Porphyrophora chelodonta Vahedi; B, Porphyrophora cynodontis (Archangelskaya); C, Porphyrophora hamelii Brandt; D, Porphyrophora jachenkoi Vahedi; E, Porphyrophora medicaginis Jashenko: F, Porphyrophora tritici (Bodenheimer); G, Porphyrophora victoriae Jashenko; H, Pseudaspidoproctus hyphaeniacus (Hall); I, Pseudochermes fraxini (Kaltenbach); J, Pulvinaria aligarhensis Avasthi &amp; Shafee; K, Pulvinaria aurantii Cockerell; L, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood)." pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Fig. 92J</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFD1390392DA947437BADEE7" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="reference_group">
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<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD1390392DA947434B6DE7B" box="[151,391,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Pulvinaria aligarhensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFD1390393C1947437F0DE7B" author="Avasthi, R. K. &amp; Shafee, S. A." box="[396,705,800,824]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1289 - 1291" refId="ref97668" refString="Avasthi, R. K. &amp; Shafee, S. A. (1985) Two new species of Pulvinaria Targ. - Tozz. (Homoptera: Coccidae) from India. Current Science, 54, 1289 - 1291." type="journal article" year="1985">Avasthi &amp; Shafee, 1985: 1289</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="100D368EFFD1390392DA943237BADEE7" blockId="76.[151,1437,870,2013]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD1390392DA943234A3DEC3" bold="true" box="[151,402,870,896]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Live adult female oval, flat, grey with a longitudinal dark brown median patch. Mature adult female becomes enclosed in ovisac material.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFD13903928A94FA3422DA0F" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFD13903928A94FA3492DEAF" blockId="76.[151,1437,870,2013]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD13903928A94FA34E9DE8B" bold="true" box="[199,472,942,968]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female body broadly oval. Stigmatic clefts relatively deep. Anal cleft of moderate depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFD13903928A94A336ECD93E" blockId="76.[151,1437,870,2013]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD13903928A94A33410D953" box="[199,289,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Dorsum</emphasis>
. Slide mounted adult female broadly oval. Derm membranous; lacking dermal areolations. Setae small and lanceolate, scattered throughout. Preopercular pores each oval to circular, present anterior to anal plates and extending to level of mouthparts. Tubular ducts and duct tubercles absent. Anal plates together quadrate; each plate with 3 apical and 1 subdiscal setae dorsally. Anal ring with 6 setae present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFD13903928A93D334E1D873" blockId="76.[151,1437,870,2013]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD13903928A93D3342BD9E3" box="[199,282,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Margin</emphasis>
. Marginal setae slender, with apices knobbed or rounded, with about 15‒22 on each side between anterior and posterior stigmatic areas; setae on either side of anal cleft longer. Stigmatic cleft well developed; each spiracular cleft containing group of 3 or rarely 4 stigmatic setae; median stigmatic seta 2 or 3 times longer than lateral setae. Marginal setae slender with clubbed apices, except for a few long, simple setae on apex of each anal lobe (in Iranian specimens).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFD13903928A926F3422DA0F" blockId="76.[151,1437,870,2013]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD13903928A926F343ED817" box="[199,271,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Venter</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="A0DA3CD3FFD13903936D926F343EDA0F" collectionCode="III" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" specimenCount="3">
Derm completely membranous. Multilocular disc-pores each with 7 or 10 loculi, numerous around anogenital fold and extending medially and submedially as far forward as head, where they also occur on the submargin. Quinquelocular spiracular pores present in a band between each spiracle and stigmatic cleft. Microducts scattered throughout (not illustrated). Tubular ducts of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFD13903914992F33668D882" box="[772,857,1447,1473]" count="3" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="generic" typeStatus="types">3 types</specimenCount>
: (i) a duct with fairly short outer ductule and short, filamentous inner ductule with a minute terminal gland, present in a broad submarginal band extending from anal cleft to near antennae; (ii) a duct rather similar to
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFD13903909292BB363EDB4A" box="[735,783,1519,1545]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
(i) but with inner ductule broader and often longer than outer ductule, and with a large terminal gland, present medially in more posterior abdominal segments and laterally interspersed with
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFD139039311916334BDDB12" box="[348,396,1591,1617]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
(i) ducts; and (iii) a larger duct, with a deeper cup-shaped invagination and inner ductule even broader than that in
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFD139039333910F349FDB36" box="[382,430,1627,1653]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
(ii) and with a large terminal gland; this is the only duct
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFD13903960D910F3141DB36" box="[1088,1136,1627,1653]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
present medially on head, thorax and more anterior abdominal segments; they also extend laterally to meet submarginal band of
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFD139039757912B307BDBDA" box="[1306,1354,1663,1689]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">type</typeStatus>
(i) and (ii) ducts, where they become infrequent or absent. Venter with setae of variable lengths, sparsely distributed; all abdominal segments each with a median pair of long setae. With 4 pairs of setae between antennal bases. Legs well developed, each with an articulation between tibia and tarsus, with a tibio-tarsal sclerosis; claw without a denticle; both claw digitules broad and shorter than thin tarsal digitules.Antennae each with mostly 8 segments, with segment
<collectionCode id="76A3AE4BFFD1390392DA90673582DA0E" box="[151,179,1843,1869]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">III</collectionCode>
longest
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFD13902928A900237A8DA25" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFD13903928A90023612DAD7" blockId="76.[151,1437,870,2013]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD13903928A90023452DA33" bold="true" box="[199,355,1878,1904]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD13903932690023747DA33" authorityName="Avasthi &amp; Shafee, 1985:" authorityYear="1289" box="[363,630,1878,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aligarhensis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD13903932690023747DA33" box="[363,630,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Pulvinaria aligarhensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only been recorded from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFD13903918390023139DA33" box="[974,1032,1878,1904]" name="India" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">India</collectingCountry>
before; this is the first record from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFD1390392DA902F35F6DAD6" box="[151,199,1915,1941]" name="Iran" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Iran</collectingCountry>
, where it is found in Sistan &amp; Balouchestan province.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFD13903928A90CB377BDA9E" blockId="76.[151,1437,870,2013]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD13903928A90CB346ADAFA" bold="true" box="[199,347,1951,1977]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Host-plants:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD13903932590CA3747DAFB" authorityName="Avasthi &amp; Shafee, 1985:" authorityYear="1289" box="[360,630,1950,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aligarhensis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD13903932590CA3747DAFB" box="[360,630,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Pulvinaria aligarhensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded only on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD13903918090CA3198DAFB" box="[973,1193,1950,1976]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Azadirachta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD13903918090CA3198DAFB" box="[973,1193,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Azadirachta indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD1390396F090CA3005DAFB" box="[1213,1332,1950,1976]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Meliaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFD13903971D90CB3444DA9F" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." pageId="76" pageNumber="77" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD1390392B79097341ADA9F" box="[250,299,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
), including in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFD13903905B90973776DA9E" box="[534,583,1987,2013]" name="Iran" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="44CD6606FFD0390292DA91CD31E0DB96" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" startId="77.[151,250,1689,1713]" targetBox="[164,1432,182,1660]" targetPageId="77" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFD0390292DA91CD31E0DB96" blockId="77.[151,1436,1689,1750]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD0390292DA91CD3410DBF2" bold="true" box="[151,289,1689,1713]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">FIGURE 31.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD03902939D91CD364CDBF2" authority="Avasthi &amp; Shafee" authorityName="Avasthi &amp; Shafee" box="[464,893,1689,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aligarhensis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD03902939D91CD37F0DBF2" box="[464,705,1689,1713]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Pulvinaria aligarhensis</emphasis>
Avasthi &amp; Shafee
</taxonomicName>
, based on an Iranian specimen, with enlargements of tubular ducts of types (i), (ii) and (iii) shown; for details of their respective distributions, see the diagnosis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFD03902928A90733696DA01" blockId="77.[151,1437,1831,2038]" box="[199,935,1831,1858]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD03902928A907334E6DA02" bold="true" box="[199,471,1831,1857]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Economic importance:</emphasis>
Not of any economic importance in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFD03902913F907C3692DA01" box="[882,931,1832,1858]" name="Iran" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFD03902928A901837A8DA25" blockId="77.[151,1437,1831,2038]" box="[199,665,1867,1894]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD03902928A901834A5DA26" bold="true" box="[199,404,1867,1894]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFD039029029901837A4DA25" box="[612,661,1868,1894]" name="Iran" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFD03901928A903B34A5DDBA" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFD03901928A903B34A5DDBA" blockId="77.[151,1437,1831,2038]" lastBlockId="78.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="78" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD03902928A903B3463DACA" bold="true" box="[199,338,1903,1929]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Comments:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD0390293139024375DDAC9" box="[350,620,1904,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aligarhensis">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD0390293139024375DDAC9" box="[350,620,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Pulvinaria aligarhensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recorded here for the first time in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFD03902967B90243156DAC9" box="[1078,1127,1904,1930]" name="Iran" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Iran</collectingCountry>
. However, there are some differences between Indian and Iranian specimens (character states of Indian specimens in parenthesis): (i) pregenital disc-pores exceptionally widespread, present around anogenital fold and medially and submedially as far forward as head, where they also occur on the submargin (numerous anterior to anal fold and extending forward medially as far as mouthparts); (ii) marginal setae blunt, some with knobbed apices (all with knobbed apices); and (iii) long marginal setae at apex of each anal lobe numbering 3 or 4 (numbering only 1). These differences are regarded as intraspecific variation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="100D368EFFD2390092DA91A63723DA4E" blockId="79.[151,530,1778,1841]" box="[151,530,1778,1805]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFD2390092DA91A63723DA4E" bold="true" box="[151,530,1778,1805]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD2390092DA91A63723DA4E" ID-CoL="4QH84" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[151,530,1778,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD2390092DA91A63723DA4E" bold="true" box="[151,530,1778,1805]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD2390092DA91A63490DA4E" bold="true" box="[151,417,1778,1805]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Pulvinaria camelicola</emphasis>
Signoret
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFD2390092DA904335C8DA72" box="[151,249,1815,1841]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFD2390092DA904335C8DA72" blockId="79.[151,530,1778,1841]" box="[151,249,1815,1841]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFD2390092D2904335C0DA72" box="[159,241,1815,1841]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="80.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[196,1397,188,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-22@80.[187,1401,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="80" captionText="FIGURE 33. Adult female of Pulvinaria camelicola Signoret, from Tanaka &amp; Kamitani (2022) page 441, fig. 1. © Magnolia Press, www.mapress.com/j/zt, reproduced with permission from the authors and the copyright holder. Distributions of tubular duct types (i), (ii) and (iii) shown; for details of their respective distributions, see also the diagnosis." pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFD2390092DA900F3004DA9C" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFD2390092DA900F377EDA30" blockId="79.[151,591,1883,1907]" box="[151,591,1883,1907]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="30A211A0FFD2390092DA900F377EDA30" box="[151,591,1883,1907]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFD2390092DA900F377ADA30" author="Signoret, V." box="[151,587,1883,1907]" page="32" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" year="1873">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD2390092DA900F377ADA30" ID-CoL="4QH84" authority="Signoret, 1873 b: 32" authorityName="Signoret" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,587,1883,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD2390092DA900F3448DA30" box="[151,377,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Pulvinaria camelicola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFD239009332900F377ADA30" author="Signoret, V." box="[383,587,1883,1907]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="27 - 48" refId="ref108692" refString="Signoret, V. (1873 b) Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homopteres - Coccides), 10 e partie. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, Serie 5, 3, 27 - 48." type="journal article" year="1873">Signoret, 1873b: 32</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFD2390092DA90F53004DA9C" blockId="79.[151,1436,1953,2016]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD2390092DA90F534A0DAF8" bold="true" box="[151,401,1953,1979]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Live adult female elongate oval, slightly convex; body yellow with small reddish spots, quite similar to
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFD239009344909237F9DAA3" ID-CoL="78PBJ" authority="(Tanaka &amp; Kamitani 2022)" baseAuthorityName="Tanaka &amp; Kamitani" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[265,712,1989,2016]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccifera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFD239009344909234BEDA9C" box="[265,399,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="80">P. floccifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFD2390093D3909137F1DAA3" author="Tanaka, H. &amp; Kamitani, S." box="[414,704,1989,2016]" pageId="79" pageNumber="80" pagination="438 - 450" refId="ref109340" refString="Tanaka, H. &amp; Kamitani, S. (2022) The identities of Pulvinaria camelicola Signoret 1873, stat. nov., and the related species, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood 1870) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Japan. Zootaxa, 5115 (3), 438 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5115.3.8" type="journal article" year="2022">Tanaka &amp; Kamitani 2022</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Mature adult female produces a relatively long ovisac.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="44CD6606FFCD391F92DA90C331BCDAB4" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" startId="80.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[196,1397,188,1910]" targetPageId="80" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCD391F92DA90C331BCDAB4" blockId="80.[151,1436,1943,2039]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCD391F92DA90C33410DAEC" bold="true" box="[151,289,1943,1967]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">FIGURE 33.</emphasis>
Adult female of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCD391F939D90C33623DAEC" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[464,786,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCD391F939D90C33782DAEC" box="[464,691,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Pulvinaria camelicola</emphasis>
Signoret
</taxonomicName>
, from
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCD391F911B90C3315BDAEC" author="Tanaka, H. &amp; Kamitani, S." box="[854,1130,1943,1967]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="438 - 450" refId="ref109340" refString="Tanaka, H. &amp; Kamitani, S. (2022) The identities of Pulvinaria camelicola Signoret 1873, stat. nov., and the related species, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood 1870) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Japan. Zootaxa, 5115 (3), 438 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5115.3.8" type="journal article" year="2022">Tanaka &amp; Kamitani (2022)</bibRefCitation>
page 441, fig. 1. © Magnolia Press, www.mapress.com/j/zt, reproduced with permission from the authors and the copyright holder. Distributions of tubular duct types (i), (ii) and (iii) shown; for details of their respective distributions, see also the diagnosis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCC391E928A97C236A7D976" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCC391E928A97C23492DD96" blockId="81.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E928A97C234E9DDF3" bold="true" box="[199,472,150,176]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female body elongate oval. Stigmatic clefts rather shallow. Anal cleft of moderate depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCC391E928A978B31FFDC26" blockId="81.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E928A978B3410DDBB" box="[199,289,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Dorsum</emphasis>
. Derm entirely membranous; dermal areolations well developed. Setae spiniform, scattered throughout. Preopercular pores oval to circular, often difficult to see, present anterior to anal plates. Submarginal dorsal tubercles present, numbering 0−4 on each side. Tubular ducts frequent throughout, each situated within an areolation. Anal plates together quadrate, each plate with 3 or 4 apical setae. Anal ring usually bearing 5−7 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCC391E928A963B34DCDCB6" blockId="81.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E928A963B342BDCCB" box="[199,282,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Margin</emphasis>
. Marginal setae with well-developed basal sockets and with tips fimbriate, frayed, spatulate, split, or simply pointed, those on either side of anal cleft tending to be longer; each side with 12–25 setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts. Stigmatic clefts distinct but shallow, each containing 3 setae, median seta about 2−4 times longer than lateral setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCC391E928A96AB36A7D976" blockId="81.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E928A96AB343EDF5B" box="[199,271,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Venter</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="A0DA3CD3FFCC391E935096AB36A3D976" collectionCode="II, III" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" specimenCount="3">
Derm membranous. Pregenital disc-pores mostly each with 5−8 loculi, present around genital opening, and on medial areas of preceding 3 to 5 abdominal segments; a small group also present lateral to each metacoxa and occasionally to each mesocoxa also. Spiracular disc-pores each with 5 loculi, present in a narrow band between each spiracle and margin. Microducts scattered throughout venter. Tubular ducts of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFCC391E967E953F31B7DFC6" box="[1075,1158,619,645]" count="3" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="generic" typeStatus="types">3 types</specimenCount>
:
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFCC391E96C2953F31F6DFC6" box="[1167,1223,619,645]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Type</typeStatus>
I with a large outer ductule and a broad inner ductule ending in a well-developed flower-shaped terminal gland: present in posterior medial area of head, medial area of all thoracic segments and anterior abdominal segments, also in inner submarginal area extending from near anterior abdominal segments to prothoracic segments;
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFCC391E967695833142DFB2" box="[1083,1139,727,753]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Type</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="76A3AE4BFFCC391E9631958331BEDFB2" box="[1148,1167,727,753]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">II</collectionCode>
with a rather narrower outer ductule ending in a shallow cup-shaped invagination, and a long, slender inner ductule with a well-developed terminal gland, present medially on posterior abdominal segments; and submarginal band of tubular ducts but reaching only as far forward as posterior spiracular pore band; and
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFCC391E91C4941736F0DE1E" box="[905,961,835,861]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Type</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="76A3AE4BFFCC391E9185941736D5DE1E" box="[968,996,835,861]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">III</collectionCode>
with a short, filamentous inner ductule and minute terminal gland, present in a broad submarginal band on thoracic and abdominal segments, but mostly concentrated on posterior area, intermixed with
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFCC391E90FF94DF37DBDEE6" box="[690,746,907,933]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Type</typeStatus>
I or
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFCC391E915294DF3666DEE6" box="[799,855,907,933]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Type</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="76A3AE4BFFCC391E911394DF3640DEE6" box="[862,881,907,933]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">II</collectionCode>
ducts. Posterior 3 abdominal segments each with 1 pair of long ventral setae on medial area. With 2–6 pairs of long setae present between antennal bases; other setae short and fine, distributed over entire venter. Legs well developed, each with an articulated tibio-tarsal joint and an articulatory sclerosis; claw without a denticle; both claw digitules rather broad and slightly shorter than thin tarsal digitules. Antennae each 6–8 segmented (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCC391E9025934F36BBD976" author="Tanaka, H. &amp; Kamitani, S." box="[616,906,1051,1077]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="438 - 450" refId="ref109340" refString="Tanaka, H. &amp; Kamitani, S. (2022) The identities of Pulvinaria camelicola Signoret 1873, stat. nov., and the related species, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood 1870) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Japan. Zootaxa, 5115 (3), 438 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5115.3.8" type="journal article" year="2022">Tanaka &amp; Kamitani 2022</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCC391E928A936A37A0D84E" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCC391E928A936A3058D93E" blockId="81.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E928A936A3452D91B" bold="true" box="[199,355,1086,1112]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCC391E9325936B3751D91A" box="[360,608,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E9325936B3751D91A" box="[360,608,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Pulvinaria camelicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported from 54 countries in five zoogeograpical regions (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCC391E971D936B3444D93E" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E92B79337341AD93E" box="[250,299,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
), despite it not having been well described until very recently (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCC391E96799337306CD93E" author="Tanaka, H. &amp; Kamitani, S." box="[1076,1373,1123,1149]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="438 - 450" refId="ref109340" refString="Tanaka, H. &amp; Kamitani, S. (2022) The identities of Pulvinaria camelicola Signoret 1873, stat. nov., and the related species, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood 1870) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Japan. Zootaxa, 5115 (3), 438 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5115.3.8" type="journal article" year="2022">Tanaka &amp; Kamitani, 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCC391E928A93D331F5D986" blockId="81.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E928A93D3346AD9E2" bold="true" box="[199,347,1159,1185]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Host-plants:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCC391E932993D33751D9E2" box="[356,608,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E932993D33751D9E2" box="[356,608,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Pulvinaria camelicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded on host-plants in 62 genera belonging to 44 families (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCC391E92D293FF34E0D986" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[159,465,1195,1221]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E931893FF34B7D986" box="[341,390,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). The host-plant in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFCC391E90E493FF37E7D986" box="[681,726,1195,1221]" name="Iran" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Iran</collectingCountry>
was not recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCC391E918B93FF31F1D986" author="Bodenheimer, F. S." box="[966,1216,1195,1221]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref98321" refString="Bodenheimer, F. S. (1944 b) Note on the Coccoidea of Iran, with description of new species. Bulletin de la Societe Fouad 1 er d'Entomologie, 28, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1944">Bodenheimer (1944b)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCC391E928A939A37F8D9AA" blockId="81.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,713,1230,1257]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E928A939A34E6D9AB" bold="true" box="[199,471,1230,1256]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Economic importance:</emphasis>
Not recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFCC391E90D9939B37F4D9AA" box="[660,709,1231,1257]" name="Iran" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCC391E928A93A737A0D84E" blockId="81.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,657,1266,1293]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E928A93A734A5D84F" bold="true" box="[199,404,1266,1293]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFCC391E902993A737A0D84E" box="[612,657,1267,1293]" name="Iran" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Iran</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFCC391D928A924231A2DD96" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCC391E928A92423060D83A" blockId="81.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E928A92423463D873" bold="true" box="[199,338,1302,1328]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Comments:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCC391E931692433764D872" author="Bodenheimer, F. S." box="[347,597,1303,1329]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref98321" refString="Bodenheimer, F. S. (1944 b) Note on the Coccoidea of Iran, with description of new species. Bulletin de la Societe Fouad 1 er d'Entomologie, 28, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1944">Bodenheimer (1944b)</bibRefCitation>
recorded
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCC391E908792433655D872" box="[714,868,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E908792433655D872" box="[714,868,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. camelicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFCC391E91E3924336EFD872" box="[942,990,1303,1329]" name="Iran" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Iran</collectingCountry>
, but neither his material nor any other specimens from
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFCC391E931F926F344ED816" box="[338,383,1339,1365]" name="Iran" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Iran</collectingCountry>
have been seen in the present study so it has not been possible to confirm its presence in the country. It is possible that
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCC391E93F3920B37F8D83A" author="Bodenheimer, F. S." box="[446,713,1375,1401]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="85 - 100" refId="ref98321" refString="Bodenheimer, F. S. (1944 b) Note on the Coccoidea of Iran, with description of new species. Bulletin de la Societe Fouad 1 er d'Entomologie, 28, 85 - 100." type="journal article" year="1944">Bodenheimer’s (1944b)</bibRefCitation>
record may have been a misidentification of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCC391E9689920B307BD83A" baseAuthorityName="Tanaka &amp; Kamitani" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1220,1354,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccifera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E9689920B307BD83A" box="[1220,1354,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. floccifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCC391E928A92D73677DB6E" blockId="81.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
In the past, several little-studied species (including
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCC391E914392D73697D8DE" box="[782,934,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E914392D73697D8DE" box="[782,934,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. camelicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) have been misidentified as the well-known polyphagous pest species,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCC391E938892F3377CD882" baseAuthorityName="Tanaka &amp; Kamitani" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[453,589,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccifera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E938892F3377CD882" box="[453,589,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. floccifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, because its original description is too brief and subsequent redescriptions were based on misidentified material. This situation subjectively invalidates the identity of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCC391E96FC929F300BD8A6" baseAuthorityName="Tanaka &amp; Kamitani" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1201,1338,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccifera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E96FC929F300BD8A6" box="[1201,1338,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. floccifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because several species have been studied under the same (inappropriate) scientific name in the absence of
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFCC391E974892BB3004DB4A" box="[1285,1333,1519,1545]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">type</typeStatus>
fixation, leading to taxonomic confusion (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCC391E90459147360BDB6E" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[520,826,1555,1581]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E90F3914737C7DB6E" box="[702,758,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCC391E928A9163318CDA0E" blockId="81.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCC391E928A916334DADB12" author="Tanaka, H. &amp; Amano, H." box="[199,491,1591,1617]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="211 - 215" refId="ref109295" refString="Tanaka, H. &amp; Amano, H. (2007) Redescription of Pulvinaria floccifera (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coccidae). Species Diversity, 12, 211 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.12782 / specdiv. 12.211" type="journal article" year="2007">
Tanaka &amp;
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFCC391E930F916334A5DB12" box="[322,404,1591,1617]" country="Jordan" name="'Amman" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Amano</collectingRegion>
(2007)
</bibRefCitation>
found that the morphology of
<specimenCount id="06B4FD07FFCC391E9116916336FBDB12" box="[859,970,1591,1617]" count="5" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="adult">five adult</specimenCount>
female
<typeStatus id="CF09882CFFCC391E9661916331BFDB12" box="[1068,1166,1591,1617]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCC391E96F591633073DB12" baseAuthorityName="Tanaka &amp; Kamitani" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1208,1346,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccifera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E96F591633073DB12" box="[1208,1346,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. floccifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
did not correspond with the descriptions of several of the species that were considered synonyms. To confer taxonomic stability to
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCC391E935E912B34A8DBDA" baseAuthorityName="Tanaka &amp; Kamitani" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[275,409,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccifera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E935E912B34A8DBDA" box="[275,409,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. floccifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in accordance with the provisions of Article 23.3.5 of the Fourth edition of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCC391E906C91F73797DBFE" author="ICZN" box="[545,678,1699,1725]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" refId="ref103090" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Available from: https: // code. iczn. org /? frame = 1 (accessed 19 May 2024)." type="url" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
), its oldest synonym (
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCC391E91D491F7311EDBFE" box="[921,1071,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E91D491F7311EDBFE" box="[921,1071,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. camelicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) was revived and redescribed by Tanaka &amp; Kanitani (2022) based on Japanese specimens of a distinct species hitherto misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCC391E9743919330A4DBA2" baseAuthorityName="Tanaka &amp; Kamitani" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1294,1429,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccifera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E9743919330A4DBA2" box="[1294,1429,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. floccifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, they could not determine which other species had been misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCC391E961291BF31D8DA46" baseAuthorityName="Tanaka &amp; Kamitani" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1119,1257,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccifera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E961291BF31D8DA46" box="[1119,1257,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. floccifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the difficulty of obtaining the relevant type specimens for study. Aspects of this taxonomic confusion therefore have not yet been resolved and molecular studies are needed to further elucidate the species boundaries.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFCC391D928A900331A2DD96" blockId="81.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="82.[151,1437,151,213]" lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
As presently understood,
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCC391E93A3900337B6DA32" box="[494,647,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E93A3900337B6DA32" box="[494,647,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. camelicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is close to
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCC391E915C900336ABDA32" baseAuthorityName="Tanaka &amp; Kamitani" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[785,922,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccifera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E915C900336ABDA32" box="[785,922,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. floccifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCC391E919B90033165DA32" box="[982,1108,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E919B90033165DA32" box="[982,1108,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. urbicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having multilocular disc-pores each with 6‒8 loculi and similarly distributed ventral tubular ducts, each with a filamentous inner ductule and lacking a terminal gland (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCC391E93F090CB37D4DAFA" author="Tanaka, H. &amp; Kamitani, S." box="[445,741,1951,1977]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="438 - 450" refId="ref109340" refString="Tanaka, H. &amp; Kamitani, S. (2022) The identities of Pulvinaria camelicola Signoret 1873, stat. nov., and the related species, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood 1870) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Japan. Zootaxa, 5115 (3), 438 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5115.3.8" type="journal article" year="2022">Tanaka &amp; Kamitani 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCC391E90B490CB36C4DAFA" box="[761,1013,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camelicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E90B490CB36C4DAFA" box="[761,1013,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Pulvinaria camelicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from these species by having (contrasting character states of
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCC391E93B59097374EDA9E" baseAuthorityName="Tanaka &amp; Kamitani" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[504,639,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floccifera">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E93B59097374EDA9E" box="[504,639,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. floccifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFCC391E90F590973602DA9E" box="[696,819,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Coccidae" genus="Pulvinaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbicola">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFCC391E90F590973602DA9E" box="[696,819,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P. urbicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
given in parenthesis): (1) large, well-developed dorsal areolations (areolations rarely present, small and restricted to submarginal areas); and (2) dorsum with a small number of tubular ducts (dorsum mostly lacking tubular ducts) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFCF391D912897EF31B6DD96" author="Tanaka, H. &amp; Kamitani, S." box="[869,1159,187,213]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="438 - 450" refId="ref109340" refString="Tanaka, H. &amp; Kamitani, S. (2022) The identities of Pulvinaria camelicola Signoret 1873, stat. nov., and the related species, Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood 1870) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Japan. Zootaxa, 5115 (3), 438 - 450. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5115.3.8" type="journal article" year="2022">Tanaka &amp; Kamitani 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

168
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<mods:title id="12AF3BBBD050F242EC29FB8BFB711548">The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 3 The Soft Scales (Coccidae) And Other Families</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF0392292DA944E373EDE77" box="[151,527,794,821]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF0392292DA944E373EDE77" blockId="109.[151,554,794,857]" box="[151,527,794,821]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<heading id="4B4581E2FFF0392292DA944E373EDE77" bold="true" box="[151,527,794,821]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF0392292DA944E373EDE77" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[151,527,794,821]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Acanthococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF0392292DA944E373EDE77" bold="true" box="[151,527,794,821]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF0392292DA944E34AEDE76" bold="true" box="[151,415,794,821]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Acanthococcus aceris</emphasis>
Signoret
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF0392292DA946B371BDE1A" box="[151,554,831,857]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="description">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF0392292DA946B371BDE1A" blockId="109.[151,554,794,857]" box="[151,554,831,857]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
(
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF0392292D2946B35C3DE1A" box="[159,242,831,857]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="110.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[252,1332,194,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-22@110.[252,1334,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURE 48. Adult female of Acanthococcus aceris Signoret, reproduced from Kozár et al. (2013) (after Danzig (1975) with modifications), page 85, fig. 32, published by Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary." pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
, distribution map
<figureCitation id="88892A0BFFF0392293F0946B3713DE1A" box="[445,546,831,857]" captionStart="FIGURE 88" captionStartId="178.[151,250,1565,1589]" captionTargetBox="[206,1386,243,1529]" captionTargetId="figure-24@178.[197,1391,234,1538]" captionTargetPageId="178" captionText="FIGURE 88. Distribution maps of scale insect species in Iran covered in this work. A, Acanthococcus aceris Signoret; B, Acanthococus costatus Danzig; C, Acanthococcus isacanthus Danzig; D, Acantholecanium haloxyloni (Hall); E, Acanthopulvinaria orientalis (Nasonov); F, Anapulvinaria pistaciae (Bodenheimer); G, Anophococcus abaii (Danzig); H, Anophococcus cingulatus (Kiritchenko); I, Anophococcus insignis (Newstead); J, Anophococcus kondarensis (Borchsenius); K, Anophococcus sanguinairensis (Goux); L, Antecerococcus longipilosus (Archangelskaya)." pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Fig. 88A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF0392292DA94D7341CD944" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF0392292DA94D73755DED8" blockId="109.[151,612,899,923]" box="[151,612,899,923]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
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<treatmentCitation id="9113109FFFF0392292DA94D73750DED8" author="Signoret, V." box="[151,609,899,923]" page="36" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" year="1875">
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF0392292DA94D73750DED8" authority="Signoret, 1875: 35 - 36" authorityName="Signoret" authorityPageNumber="35 - 36" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,609,899,923]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Acanthococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF0392292DA94D73444DED8" box="[151,373,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Acanthococcus aceris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF03922933694D73750DED8" author="Signoret, V." box="[379,609,899,923]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="15 - 40" refId="ref108733" refString="Signoret, V. (1875) Essai sur les cochenilles ou gallinsectes (Homopteres - Coccides), 14 e partie. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, Serie 5, 5, 15 - 40." type="journal article" year="1875">Signoret, 1875: 35‒36</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF0392292DA949D341CD944" blockId="109.[151,1437,969,1824]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF0392292DA949D34A5DEA0" bold="true" box="[151,404,969,995]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Field characteristics:</emphasis>
Body of live adult female oval, chestnut brown, with surface covered by compact, greyish felted ovisac.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF03922928A9345307CDB04" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF03922928A93453045D99C" blockId="109.[151,1437,969,1824]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF03922928A934534EDD968" bold="true" box="[199,476,1041,1067]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Microscopic diagnosis:</emphasis>
Slide-mounted adult female oval, tapering posteriorly. Antennae each with 6 or 7 segments. Frontal lobes well developed, and frontal tubercles present. Legs well developed; meso- and metathoracic coxae each with spinulae on ventral surface; translucent pores absent; claw and tarsal digitules all with apical knobs; claws each with denticle. Anal lobes strongly developed and sclerotized, frequently inner margins with tooth-like projections; each lobe with 3 enlarged setae and 3–5 microtubular ducts on dorsal surface, and ventrally with 2 flagellate setae. Anal ring strongly sclerotized, bearing 8 setae and pores. Cauda triangular, slightly sclerotized.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF03922928A93BE3673D82C" blockId="109.[151,1437,969,1824]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF03922928A93BE3410D840" box="[199,289,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Dorsum</emphasis>
with spinose setae of 2 sizes: (i) marginal enlarged setae conical, long (mostly more than 2x as long as a dorsal enlarged seta) and blunt; and (ii) other dorsal setae shorter, conical and blunt, present in transverse segmental rows; medial area of abdominal segment VIII with 6–8 enlarged setae. Enlarged tubular ducts absent. Macrotubular ducts present throughout. Microtubular ducts long, scattered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF03922928A922E307CDB04" blockId="109.[151,1437,969,1824]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF03922928A922E343ED8D0" box="[199,271,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Venter</emphasis>
with flagellate setae in median areas, lateral areas with spine-like setae. Apical labial segment with 5 pairs of hair-like setae, median (apical) pair somewhat shorter than others. Disc-pores present in sparse bands across all abdominal segments, also scattered on thorax and head. Macrotubular ducts of 3 sizes: (i) smallest ducts situated on median areas of abdominal segments; (ii) medium-sized ducts present on median areas of abdominal segments; and (iii) largest ducts present in a submarginal band on abdomen, thorax and head. Microtubular ducts absent. Cruciform pores generally forming a submarginal band on thorax and abdominal segments, and a few present on head.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="58A86505FFF03922928A910537A8DA63" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF03922928A9105369DDBCC" blockId="109.[151,1437,969,1824]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF03922928A91053452DB28" bold="true" box="[199,355,1617,1643]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF03922933D9105375ADB28" box="[368,619,1617,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Eriococcidae" genus="Acanthococcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aceris">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF03922933D9105375ADB28" box="[368,619,1617,1643]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Acanthococcus aceris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a Palaearctic species, recorded from 24 countries including
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFF039229725910630A9DB2F" box="[1384,1432,1618,1644]" name="Iran" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="D276F86CFFF0392292DA91213447DBCC" box="[151,374,1653,1679]" country="Iran" name="Khuzestan" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Khuzestan province</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF0392293C891213784DBCC" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[389,693,1653,1680]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF0392290769122375DDBCC" box="[571,620,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF03922908D91213691DBCC" author="Rozedar, E. &amp; Vahedi, H. &amp; Mossadegh, M. S. &amp; Samie, M. S." box="[704,928,1653,1680]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="41 - 68" refId="ref108067" refString="Rozedar, E., Vahedi, H., Mossadegh, M. S. &amp; Samie, M. S. (2013) The scale insects (Hem.: Coccoideae) of Behbahan county and their morphological characters. Plant Protection, Scientific Journal of Agriculture, 36 (2), 41 - 68." type="journal article" year="2013">
Rozedar
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF03922916991223664DBCC" box="[804,853,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF03922928A91CD3078DB94" blockId="109.[151,1437,969,1824]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF03922928A91CD346ADBF0" bold="true" box="[199,347,1689,1715]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Host-plants:</emphasis>
The scale is quite polyphagous, having been recorded on host-plants belonging to 13 genera in 10 families (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF03922934D91E93703DB94" author="Garcia Morales M. &amp; Denno B. D. &amp; Miller D. R. &amp; Miller G. L. &amp; Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B." box="[256,562,1725,1752]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" refId="ref101399" refString="Garcia Morales M., Denno B. D., Miller D. R., Miller G. L., Ben-Dov Y. &amp; Hardy N. B. (2016) ScaleNet: a literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics. Database. Available from: http: // scalenet. info (accessed 31 January 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / database / bav 118" type="url" year="2016">
García Morales
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF0392293FB91EA34D6DB94" box="[438,487,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
); in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFF03922902F91EA37A3DB9B" box="[610,658,1726,1752]" name="Iran" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Iran</collectingCountry>
, it was found on
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF03922911C91EA36FCDB9B" box="[849,973,1726,1752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF03922911C91EA36A6DB9B" box="[849,919,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Citrus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="D7B24D0DFFF03922919691E93174DB94" box="[987,1093,1725,1751]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="74234B7FFFF03922961691E9300CDB94" author="Rozedar, E. &amp; Vahedi, H. &amp; Mossadegh, M. S. &amp; Samie, M. S." box="[1115,1341,1725,1752]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110" pagination="41 - 68" refId="ref108067" refString="Rozedar, E., Vahedi, H., Mossadegh, M. S. &amp; Samie, M. S. (2013) The scale insects (Hem.: Coccoideae) of Behbahan county and their morphological characters. Plant Protection, Scientific Journal of Agriculture, 36 (2), 41 - 68." type="journal article" year="2013">
Rozedar
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF03922968C91EA31C3DB94" box="[1217,1266,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF03922928A91B53628DBBF" blockId="109.[151,1437,969,1824]" box="[199,793,1761,1788]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF03922928A91B534E6DBB8" bold="true" box="[199,471,1761,1787]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Economic importance:</emphasis>
Not known as a pest in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFF0392290A991B63624DBBF" box="[740,789,1762,1788]" name="Iran" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="100D368EFFF03922928A905137A8DA63" blockId="109.[151,1437,969,1824]" box="[199,665,1797,1824]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="22C6EA9CFFF03922928A905134A5DA5C" bold="true" box="[199,404,1797,1823]" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Natural enemies:</emphasis>
None recorded in
<collectingCountry id="68A5761EFFF039229029905237A4DA63" box="[612,661,1798,1824]" name="Iran" pageId="109" pageNumber="110">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

714
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Cryptic species diversity in the genus
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<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601B83DC599A445E84" bold="true" box="[660,807,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tylonycteris</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="5FB46517A865CD7E19AADC8B9C3C5DA4" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1711369CA865CD6019AADC8B9A545C18" blockId="15.[189,1399,1151,1541]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Previous studies have detected high levels of genetic and karyological variation among specimens identified as either
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD60188EDCF49B475EF7" box="[409,548,1232,1259]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD60188EDCF49B475EF7" box="[409,548,1232,1259]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD601B5EDCF49BB05EF7" box="[585,723,1232,1259]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601B5EDCF49BB05EF7" box="[585,723,1232,1259]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected from different geographic locations in mainland Southeast Asia (
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA865CD60186FDCD59B365F13" author="Francis C. M. &amp; Borisenko A. V. &amp; Ivanova N. V. &amp; Eger J. L. &amp; Lim B. K. &amp; Guillen-Servent A. &amp; Kruskop S. V. &amp; Mackie I. &amp; Hebert P. D. N." box="[376,597,1267,1294]" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="12575" part="5" refId="ref13158" refString="Francis C. M., Borisenko A. V., Ivanova N. V., Eger J. L., Lim B. K., Guillen-Servent A., Kruskop S. V., Mackie I. &amp; Hebert P. D. N. 2010. The role of DNA barcodes in understanding and conservation of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia. PLoS ONE 5 (9): e 12575. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0012575" title="The role of DNA barcodes in understanding and conservation of mammal diversity in Southeast Asia" type="journal article" year="2010">
Francis
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD6018C0DCD39B725F10" box="[471,529,1267,1294]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA865CD601B77DCD39A555F13" author="Huang C. &amp; Yu W. &amp; Xu Z. &amp; Qiu Y. &amp; Chen M. &amp; Qiu B. &amp; Motokawa M. &amp; Harada M. &amp; Li Y. &amp; Wu Y." box="[608,822,1267,1295]" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Biological Sciences" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="200 - 211" part="10" refId="ref13827" refString="Huang C., Yu W., Xu Z., Qiu Y., Chen M., Qiu B., Motokawa M., Harada M., Li Y. &amp; Wu Y. 2014. A cryptic species of the Tylonycteris pachypus complex (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and its population genetic structure in southern China and nearby regions. International Journal of Biological Sciences 10 (2): 200 - 211. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.7150 / ijbs. 7301" title="A cryptic species of the Tylonycteris pachypus complex (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and its population genetic structure in southern China and nearby regions" type="journal article" year="2014">
Huang
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601BA2DCD39B8C5F10" box="[693,751,1267,1294]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). Our
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601A6BDCD39ACC5F12" box="[892,943,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">COI</emphasis>
analyses further revealed the existence of three divergent geographic haplogroups for both
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD601A05DD3E9AFF5F2C" box="[786,924,1303,1329]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601A05DD3E9AFF5F2C" box="[786,924,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD601AC4DD3E9D3E5F2C" box="[979,1117,1303,1329]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601AC4DD3E9D3E5F2C" box="[979,1117,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for each corresponding to Sumatra, northern Indochina and southern Indochina (but also northwestern India and Peninsular Malaysia for
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD601840DD7998815F6A" box="[343,482,1373,1400]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601840DD7998815F6A" box="[343,482,1373,1400]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Our
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601B39DD7B9B065F6A" box="[558,613,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cytb</emphasis>
dataset confirmed the existence of these geographic haplogroups in mainland Southeast Asia. In addition, a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD601A3BDDA49ADA5F87" box="[812,953,1408,1435]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601A3BDDA49ADA5F87" box="[812,953,1408,1435]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected from Borneo and originally described as
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD601843DD8398835FA0" box="[340,480,1443,1470]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601843DD8398835FA0" box="[340,480,1443,1470]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found to be highly divergent from the two other Indochinese haplogroups (
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A865CD6019D1DDE1986F5FFF" box="[198,268,1479,1506]" captionStart="Fig. 2" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[264,1314,261,1815]" captionText="Fig. 2. Bayesian tree obtained from the analyses of COI and Cytb genes. The values on the nodes indicate posterior probabilities (PP). In the COI tree, PPs were calculated from two DNA alignments of CO 1 sequences (728 nt or 291 nt; see text for details). The sequence HM 914921 was obtained from a specimen originally identified as T. robustula. In the Cytb tree, the sequence EU 521635 was obtained from a specimen originally identified as T. robustula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.292720" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/292720/files/figure.svg" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). In the absence of
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD6018FDDDE19B425FFC" box="[490,545,1479,1505]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cytb</emphasis>
data for Sumatran specimens, it is impossible to know whether they share the same mitochondrial lineage as those from Borneo.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA865CD7F19AADE0D9AC9590F" blockId="15.[189,1399,1579,1993]" lastBlockId="16.[189,1399,266,786]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Taken together, our mtDNA analyses show that all haplotypes sequenced for insular
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD601DADDE0D9C2A5C58" box="[1210,1353,1579,1605]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601DADDE0D9C2A5C58" box="[1210,1353,1579,1605]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tylonycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very divergent from those identified in mainland Southeast Asia. However, genetic inferences based on the maternally inherited mitochondrial genes are prone to be discordant with the true evolutionary history of the taxa, owing to various evolutionary processes, such as mtDNA introgression, incomplete lineage sorting or female philopatry (
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA865CD601B7CDE9E9B905CCE" author="Avise J. C." box="[619,755,1720,1747]" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref12445" refString="Avise J. C. 2000. Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts." title="Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species" type="book" year="2000">Avise 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
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;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA865CD601D24DE9E9C115CCE" author="Hassanin A. &amp; Ropiquet A." box="[1075,1394,1720,1747]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society B" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="2849 - 2855" part="274" refId="ref13323" refString="Hassanin A. &amp; Ropiquet A. 2007. Resolving a zoological mystery: the kouprey is a real species. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 274 (1627): 2849 - 2855. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2007.0830" title="Resolving a zoological mystery: the kouprey is a real species" type="journal article" year="2007">Hassanin &amp; Ropiquet 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA865CD6019AADEFD98E15CEB" author="Nesi N. &amp; Nakoune E. &amp; Cruaud C. &amp; Hassanin A." box="[189,386,1755,1782]" journalOrPublisher="Comptes Rendus Biologies" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="544 - 554" part="334" refId="ref15038" refString="Nesi N., Nakoune E., Cruaud C. &amp; Hassanin A. 2011. DNA barcoding of African fruit bats (Mammalia, Pteropodidae). The mitochondrial genome does not provide a reliable discrimination between Epomophorus gambianus and Micropteropus pusillus. Comptes Rendus Biologies 334 (7): 544 - 554. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crvi. 2011.05.003" title="DNA barcoding of African fruit bats (Mammalia, Pteropodidae). The mitochondrial genome does not provide a reliable discrimination between Epomophorus gambianus and Micropteropus pusillus" type="journal article" year="2011">
Nesi
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2011
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;
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Rivers
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD6018F0DEFB9B465CE8" box="[487,549,1755,1782]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
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). Here, the geographic pattern of mtDNA diversity observed for the two species of
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD6018B2DED89B575D05" box="[421,564,1790,1816]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD6018B2DED89B575D05" box="[421,564,1790,1816]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tylonycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be the consequence of female philopatry, i.e., the behavior of remaining in, or returning to the natal territory. Indeed, bat species with philopatric females generally display high geographic structure when relationships are examined with maternally inherited markers, such as the mitochondrial DNA. This pattern can disappear with biparentally inherited markers when adult males are able to disperse over long distances, allowing gene flow between otherwise isolated populations (
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA865CD601840DF889B275DD4" author="Castella V. &amp; Ruedi M. &amp; Excoffier L." box="[343,580,1966,1993]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Evolutionary Biology" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="708 - 720" part="14" refId="ref12854" refString="Castella V., Ruedi M. &amp; Excoffier L. 2001. Contrasted patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear structure among nursery colonies of the bat Myotis myotis. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 14 (5): 708 - 720. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1420 - 9101.2001.00331. x" title="Contrasted patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear structure among nursery colonies of the bat Myotis myotis" type="journal article" year="2001">
Castella
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;
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Hassanin
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601BD0DF969A675DD5" box="[711,772,1966,1993]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
2015
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;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA865CD601A4EDF889D4D5DD4" author="Hulva P. &amp; Fornuskova A. &amp; Chudarkova A. &amp; Evin A. &amp; Allegrini B. &amp; Benda P. &amp; Bryja J." box="[857,1070,1966,1993]" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="5417 - 5431" part="19" refId="ref13921" refString="Hulva P., Fornuskova A., Chudarkova A., Evin A., Allegrini B., Benda P. &amp; Bryja J. 2010. Mechanisms of radiation in a bat group from the genus Pipistrellus inferred by phylogeography, demography and population genetics. Molecular Ecology 19 (24): 5417 - 5431. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2010.04899. x" title="Mechanisms of radiation in a bat group from the genus Pipistrellus inferred by phylogeography, demography and population genetics" type="journal article" year="2010">
Hulva
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601ABDDF969A845DD5" box="[938,999,1966,1993]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
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;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA865CD601D2BDF889C7F5DD4" author="Pereira M. J. R. &amp; Salgueiro P. &amp; Rodrigues L. &amp; Coelho M. M. &amp; Palmeirim J. M." box="[1084,1308,1966,1993]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Heredity" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="533 - 544" part="100" refId="ref15245" refString="Pereira M. J. R., Salgueiro P., Rodrigues L., Coelho M. M. &amp; Palmeirim J. M. 2009. Population structure of a cave-dwelling bat, Miniopterus schreibersii: Does it reflect history and social organization? Journal of Heredity 100 (5): 533 - 544. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / jhered / esp 032" title="Population structure of a cave-dwelling bat, Miniopterus schreibersii: Does it reflect history and social organization" type="journal article" year="2009">
Pereira
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601D8FDF969DB65DD5" box="[1176,1237,1966,1993]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
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;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA865CD7F1C3DDF8898235B39" author="Rivers N. M. &amp; Butlin R. K. &amp; Altringham J. D." journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="4299 - 4312" part="14" refId="ref15439" refString="Rivers N. M., Butlin R. K. &amp; Altringham J. D. 2005. Genetic population structure of Natterer's bats explained by mating at swarming sites and philopatry. Molecular Ecology 14 (14): 4299 - 4312. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2005.02748. x" title="Genetic population structure of Natterer's bats explained by mating at swarming sites and philopatry" type="journal article" year="2005">
Rivers
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F19AAD92D999B5B39" box="[189,248,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2005
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). Behavioral and population genetic studies in southern China have shown that
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1DFDD92D9C145B39" box="[1258,1399,266,292]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1DFDD92D9C145B39" box="[1258,1399,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bats are philopatric to their natal area and that philopatry is especially pronounced in females (
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87ACD7F1C31D908987D5B76" author="Hua P. &amp; Zhang L. &amp; Zhu G. &amp; Jones G. &amp; Zhang S. &amp; Rossiter S. J." journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="3669 - 3680" part="20" refId="ref13699" refString="Hua P., Zhang L., Zhu G., Jones G., Zhang S. &amp; Rossiter S. J. 2011. Hierarchical polygyny in multiparous lesser flat-headed bats. Molecular Ecology 20 (17): 3669 - 3680. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2011.05192. x" title="Hierarchical polygyny in multiparous lesser flat-headed bats" type="journal article" year="2011">
Hua
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1C76D90899B85B77" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87ACD7F183DD97798095B76" author="Hua P. &amp; Zhang L. &amp; Guo T. &amp; Flanders J. &amp; Zhang S." box="[298,362,337,363]" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="54428" part="8" refId="ref13766" refString="Hua P., Zhang L., Guo T., Flanders J. &amp; Zhang S. 2013. Dispersal, mating events and fine-scale genetic structure in the lesser flat-headed bats. PLoS ONE 8 (1): e 54428. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0054428" title="Dispersal, mating events and fine-scale genetic structure in the lesser flat-headed bats" type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
). Although no data are available for
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1A06D9779AFF5B77" box="[785,924,336,362]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1A06D9779AFF5B77" box="[785,924,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female philopatry can also be predicted for this species, because it shares similar morphological, behavioural and ecological traits with
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1C76D953984F5BAD" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1C76D953984F5BAD" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87ACD7F182DD9B0988B5BAC" author="Medway L." box="[314,488,406,433]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="33 - 61" part="51" refId="ref14741" refString="Medway L. 1972. Reproductive cycles of the flat-headed bats Tylonycteris pachypus and T. robustula (Chiroptera: Vespertilioninae) in a humid equatorial environment. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 51 (1): 33 - 61. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1972. tb 00772. x" title="Reproductive cycles of the flat-headed bats Tylonycteris pachypus and T. robustula (Chiroptera: Vespertilioninae) in a humid equatorial environment" type="journal article" year="1972">Medway 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87ACD7F18E4D9B09A485BAC" author="Medway L. &amp; Marshall A. G." box="[499,811,406,433]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="237 - 245" part="161" refId="ref14847" refString="Medway L. &amp; Marshall A. G. 1970. Roost-site selection among flat-headed bats (Tylonycteris spp.). Journal of Zoology 161 (2): 237 - 245. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1970. tb 02038. x" title="Roost-site selection among flat-headed bats (Tylonycteris spp.)" type="journal article" year="1970">Medway &amp; Marshall 1970</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87ACD7F1A21D9B19A175BAC" author="Medway L." box="[822,884,407,433]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="33 - 61" part="51" refId="ref14741" refString="Medway L. 1972. Reproductive cycles of the flat-headed bats Tylonycteris pachypus and T. robustula (Chiroptera: Vespertilioninae) in a humid equatorial environment. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 51 (1): 33 - 61. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1972. tb 00772. x" title="Reproductive cycles of the flat-headed bats Tylonycteris pachypus and T. robustula (Chiroptera: Vespertilioninae) in a humid equatorial environment" type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87ACD7F1A97D9B09D305BAC" author="Zhang L. &amp; Liang B. &amp; Parsons S. &amp; Wei L. &amp; Zhang S." box="[896,1107,406,433]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="344 - 351" part="271" refId="ref16373" refString="Zhang L., Liang B., Parsons S., Wei L. &amp; Zhang S. 2007. Morphology, echolocation and foraging behaviour in two sympatric sibling species of bat (Tylonycteris pachypus and Tylonycteris robustula) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Journal of Zoology 271 (3): 344 - 351. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.2006.00210. x" title="Morphology, echolocation and foraging behaviour in two sympatric sibling species of bat (Tylonycteris pachypus and Tylonycteris robustula) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)" type="journal article" year="2007">
Zhang
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1AC5D9BE9D6F5BAD" box="[978,1036,406,433]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
). The social organization of
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F19F6D99D98125BC9" box="[225,369,442,468]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F19F6D99D98125BC9" box="[225,369,442,468]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F18A4D99D9B205BC9" box="[435,579,442,468]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F18A4D99D9B205BC9" box="[435,579,442,468]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, combined with their fragmented habitats, is therefore expected to result in limited gene flow between populations, especially among matrilines from distant geographic localities. For both species, this prediction is corroborated by the analyses of mtDNA markers, with the identification of three divergent geographically non-overlapping haplogroups. For
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1DA6DA039C5E5820" box="[1201,1341,547,574]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1DA6DA039C5E5820" box="[1201,1341,547,574]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this phylogeographic pattern is also supported by the nuclear sequence data, as the two Indochinese clades were recovered monophyletic with all the three introns containing enough nucleotide variation at the intra-specific level, i.e.,
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F18CADAA89B5B58B5" box="[477,568,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">CHPF2</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1B5FDAA89BC458B5" box="[584,679,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">HDAC1</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1BF4DAA89A5058BA" box="[739,819,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TUFM</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A87ACD7F1A53DAAB9AB158B5" box="[836,978,653,680]" captionStart="Appendix 8" captionStartId="35.[227,341,267,291]" captionTargetId="graphics@35.[394,976,865,1415]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Appendix 8. Bayesian trees reconstructed from the separate analyses of the eight independent datasets (mtDNA [COI + Cytb], CHPF 2, HDAC 1, HDAC 2, PABPN 1, RIOK 3, TUFM and ZFYVE 27)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385280" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385280/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Appendix 8</figureCitation>
). By contrast, our nuclear analyses (
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A87ACD7F19D1DA96987358D6" box="[198,272,688,715]" captionStart="Fig. 3" captionStartId="9.[189,232,1717,1743]" captionTargetId="graphics@9.[185,1235,945,1656]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 3. Bayesian tree reconstructed from the analysis of the seven concatenated nuDNA introns. The seven independent markers are CHPF 2 (858 nt), HDAC 1 (1128 nt), HDAC 2 (639 nt), PABPNI (677 nt), RIOK 3 (915 nt), TUFM (655 nt) and ZFYVE 27 (732 nt). The values indicated on the branches are the Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP and PP supermatrix), maximum likelihood bootstrap (BP), Supertree nuDNA Bootstrap percentage (SBP), Mean posterior probability (MPP) and Reproducibility index (Rep). An asterisk indicates that the node was supported by maximal values of robustness (PP nuDNA = PP supermatrix = 1; BP = 100). The letter ‘‘ X’ ’ indicates that the node was not found in the analysis. The position and nature of all diagnostic indels (i: insertion; d: deletion) shared by at least two taxa in the alignments of nuclear genes are indicated in boxes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14385266" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14385266/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
; Appendices 4, 8) do not support the reciprocal monophyly of the two Indochinese clades of
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F19AADAF3982F58F0" box="[189,332,723,750]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F19AADAF3982F58F0" box="[189,332,723,750]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, suggesting that gene flow was maintained by male dispersal or, alternatively, that their separation was too recent to be detected with our nuclear genes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA87ACD7F19AADB1E98955F7F" blockId="16.[189,1399,824,1378]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Nucleotide distances estimated from mtDNA genes between northern and southern Indochinese populations of
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1865DB7B9B635968" box="[370,512,859,886]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1865DB7B9B635968" box="[370,512,859,886]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were more than twice those of
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1A95DB7B9D735968" box="[898,1040,859,886]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1A95DB7B9D735968" box="[898,1040,859,886]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(6.5% vs 2.8% in
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1DE2DB7A9C4B596B" box="[1269,1320,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">COI</emphasis>
; 9.5% vs 2.8% in
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1852DB58981F5985" box="[325,380,894,920]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cytb</emphasis>
), indeed supporting a more recent divergence for the latter taxon, if we assume equal evolutionary rates. Similarly, the nuclear distances between the two Indochinese clades of
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1DFDDB859C1559A6" box="[1258,1398,929,956]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1DFDDB859C1559A6" box="[1258,1398,929,956]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were between 0.41 and 0.56%, which is more than twice those calculated between Indochinese individuals of
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F19C9DBCF98085E1F" box="[222,363,1000,1026]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F19C9DBCF98085E1F" box="[222,363,1000,1026]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(0–0.2%;
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A87ACD7F18F1DBCE9B125E1F" box="[486,625,1000,1026]" captionStart="Appendix 5" captionStartId="32.[146,268,523,549]" captionTargetId="graphics@32.[193,1899,752,1764]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Appendix 5. Inter- and intraspecific genetic variations (% K 2 P; mean, minimum and maximum in percentages) calculated for COI, Cytb and nuDNA gene sequences among bats of the genus Tylonycteris Peters, 1872. Abbreviations: Tp = Tylonycteris pachypus (Temminck, 1840); Tr = Tylonycteris robustula Thomas, 1915; a = K 2 P distance calculated from alignments of 728 nt and 291 nt (*) of COI; b = K 2 P distance calculated from alignments of 1140 nt of Cytb; c = K 2 P distances calculated from alignment of the concatenation of seven nuclear genes (5604 nt, nuDNA); NA = not applicable. Intraspecific distances within each geographic population are indicated in bold." pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Appendix 5</figureCitation>
) and in the range of interspecific distances found in other groups of Laurasiatheria, such as fruit bats of the tribes
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1A1ADC2D9ACE5E38" box="[781,941,1035,1061]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Myonycterini">Myonycterini</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87ACD7F1AA8DC2D9DE75E3B" author="Nesi N., Kadjo B., Pourrut X., Leroy E., Pongombo Shongo C., Cruaud C. &amp; HassaninA" box="[959,1156,1035,1062]" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="126 - 137" part="66" refId="ref15111" refString="Nesi N., Kadjo B., Pourrut X., Leroy E., Pongombo Shongo C., Cruaud C. &amp; HassaninA. 2013. Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the tribe Myonycterini (Mammalia, Pteropodidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 (1): 126 - 137. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.09.028" title="Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the tribe Myonycterini (Mammalia, Pteropodidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers" type="journal article" year="2013">
Nesi
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1D16DC2B9D545E38" box="[1025,1079,1035,1062]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
) and Scotonycterini (
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87ACD7F19D2DC0898DD5E55" author="Hassanin A. &amp; Khouider S. &amp; Gembu G. - C. &amp; Goodman S. M. &amp; Kadjo B. &amp; Nesi N. &amp; Pourrut X. &amp; Nakoune E. &amp; Bonillo C." box="[197,446,1070,1097]" journalOrPublisher="Comptes Rendus Biologies" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="197 - 211" part="338" refId="ref13550" refString="Hassanin A., Khouider S., Gembu G. - C., Goodman S. M., Kadjo B., Nesi N., Pourrut X., Nakoune E. &amp; Bonillo C. 2015. The comparative phylogeography of fruit bats of the tribe Scotonycterini (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) reveals cryptic species diversity related to African Pleistocene forest refugia. Comptes Rendus Biologies 338 (3): 197 - 211. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crvi. 2014.12.003" title="The comparative phylogeography of fruit bats of the tribe Scotonycterini (Chiroptera, Pteropodidae) reveals cryptic species diversity related to African Pleistocene forest refugia" type="journal article" year="2015">
Hassanin
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F182CDC1698135E55" box="[315,368,1070,1097]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
), or cattle and buffalo of the tribe Bovini (
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87ACD7F1AAEDC089DD05E54" author="Hassanin A. &amp; An J. &amp; Ropiquet A. &amp; Nguyen T. T. &amp; Couloux A." box="[953,1203,1070,1097]" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="766 - 775" part="66" refId="ref13473" refString="Hassanin A., An J., Ropiquet A., Nguyen T. T. &amp; Couloux A. 2013. Combining multiple autosomal introns for studying shallow phylogeny and taxonomy of Laurasiatherian mammals: Application to the tribe Bovini (Cetartiodactyla, Bovidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 (3): 766 - 775. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.11.003" title="Combining multiple autosomal introns for studying shallow phylogeny and taxonomy of Laurasiatherian mammals: Application to the tribe Bovini (Cetartiodactyla, Bovidae)" type="journal article" year="2013">
Hassanin
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1D38DC169D075E55" box="[1071,1124,1070,1097]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
). Although none of the nuclear markers could be sequenced for Sumatran and Bornean
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1D16DC779DF35E76" box="[1025,1168,1105,1131]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1D16DC779DF35E76" box="[1025,1168,1105,1131]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tylonycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, their high mtDNA divergence from Indochinese populations (&gt; 5.7 % in both
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1A8EDC509AAF5E8D" box="[921,972,1142,1168]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">COI</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1D18DC539D255E92" box="[1039,1094,1141,1167]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cytb</emphasis>
sequences;
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A87ACD7F1DC9DC539C0E5E92" box="[1246,1389,1141,1167]" captionStart="Appendix 5" captionStartId="32.[146,268,523,549]" captionTargetId="graphics@32.[193,1899,752,1764]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Appendix 5. Inter- and intraspecific genetic variations (% K 2 P; mean, minimum and maximum in percentages) calculated for COI, Cytb and nuDNA gene sequences among bats of the genus Tylonycteris Peters, 1872. Abbreviations: Tp = Tylonycteris pachypus (Temminck, 1840); Tr = Tylonycteris robustula Thomas, 1915; a = K 2 P distance calculated from alignments of 728 nt and 291 nt (*) of COI; b = K 2 P distance calculated from alignments of 1140 nt of Cytb; c = K 2 P distances calculated from alignment of the concatenation of seven nuclear genes (5604 nt, nuDNA); NA = not applicable. Intraspecific distances within each geographic population are indicated in bold." pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Appendix 5</figureCitation>
) suggests they might represent distinct lineages based on nuclear markers as well. In agreement with this view, our multivariate morphological analyses revealed that Indochinese bats of the
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1DFFDC9B9C145EC8" box="[1256,1399,1211,1238]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1DFFDC9B9C145EC8" box="[1256,1399,1211,1238]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex constitute a distinct group separated from those collected on Sumatra. For the
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1DF0DCC69C155EE5" box="[1255,1398,1246,1273]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1DF0DCC69C155EE5" box="[1255,1398,1246,1273]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, morphological overlap between haplogroups is more extensive, but pairwise comparisons of their PC mean scores support the distinctness of adjacent geographical taxa, such as Tr2 and Tr3 on the Southeast Asian mainland.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA87ACD7F19AADDAF9DF15C4E" blockId="16.[189,1399,1417,1621]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The close morphological similarity among taxa of
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1A0DDDAF9ACA5FBE" box="[794,937,1417,1443]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1A0DDDAF9ACA5FBE" box="[794,937,1417,1443]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tylonycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggests that they have evolved under the influences of similar and specialized habitats, i.e., woody bamboo vegetation. Molecular evidence indicates, however, that
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F18CFDDF79B075FF7" box="[472,612,1488,1514]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F18CFDDF79B075FF7" box="[472,612,1488,1514]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be split into at least two distinct species,
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1D8BDDF79C4B5FF7" box="[1180,1320,1488,1514]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1D8BDDF79C4B5FF7" box="[1180,1320,1488,1514]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the Sunda islands (Sumatra and/or Borneo) and
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1BD4DDD29A525C10" box="[707,817,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvida">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1BD4DDD29A525C10" box="[707,817,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. fulvida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in mainland Southeast Asia, and that
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1DFCDDD29C155C10" box="[1259,1398,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1DFCDDD29C155C10" box="[1259,1398,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be divided into at least three species, with
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1A14DE3E9AED5C2D" box="[771,910,1558,1585]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1A14DE3E9AED5C2D" box="[771,910,1558,1585]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on Sumatra,
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1D3DDE3E9DD85C2D" box="[1066,1211,1558,1585]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malayana">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1D3DDE3E9DD85C2D" box="[1066,1211,1558,1585]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. malayana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in southern and western mainland Southeast Asia, and
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1B95DE1D9A405C4E" box="[642,803,1593,1620]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tonkinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1B95DE1D9A405C4E" box="[642,803,1593,1620]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. tonkinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87ACD7F1A3DDE1D9AE65C48" box="[810,901,1595,1621]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in northern Indochina.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA87ACD7F19AADE5A9D285C88" blockId="16.[189,1399,1659,1979]" box="[189,1099,1659,1686]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F19AADE5A9D285C88" bold="true" box="[189,1099,1659,1686]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The evolution of
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1887DE5D9B755C88" bold="true" box="[400,534,1659,1685]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tylonyteris</emphasis>
spp. in Southeast Asia during the Pleistocene
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA87ACD7F19AADE8F9D785DA7" blockId="16.[189,1399,1659,1979]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Given that both species complexes, here named
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1BEBDE8D9AE95CDE" box="[764,906,1705,1732]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1BEBDE8D9AE95CDE" box="[764,906,1705,1732]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87ACD7F1A85DE8C9AB05CDE" box="[914,979,1705,1732]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1D19DE8D9DFF5CDE" box="[1038,1180,1705,1732]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1D19DE8D9DFF5CDE" box="[1038,1180,1705,1732]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87ACD7F1DB2DE8C9D845CDE" box="[1189,1255,1705,1732]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, are usually found in sympatry across most of their geographic ranges in Southeast Asia, they are expected to share a common phylogeographical history. Our estimates of divergence times based on mtDNA sequences suggest that the genus
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F18CDDF359B0A5D30" box="[474,617,1811,1837]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F18CDDF359B0A5D30" box="[474,617,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tylonycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
diversified during the Pliocene epoch (
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1D45DF359DEA5D30" box="[1106,1161,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Cytb</emphasis>
: 5.92 ± 0.65 Mya;
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F19AADF1199935D4C" box="[189,240,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">COI</emphasis>
: 4.56 ± 0.72 Mya) (
<tableCitation id="5A2C0327A87ACD7F18CFDF109B535D4C" box="[472,560,1846,1873]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="10.[189,258,266,292]" captionTargetBox="[201,1324,399,910]" captionText="Table 1. Bayesian mean node ages in million years ago (Mya) estimated with three different rates of substitution, 0.015 ± 0.005 (R 1), 0.02 ± 0.005 (R 2) and 0.025 ± 0.005 (R 3) per lineage per Myr, and using two different DNA alignements: subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase (COI) or cytochrome b (Cytb)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43D16614A860CD6519AAD92C9C155B76" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" tableUuid="43D16614A860CD6519AAD92C9C155B76">Table 1</tableCitation>
). During the Miocene and until the early Pliocene, Southeast Asia was generally covered by large tracks of rain forests as a consequence of warm and humid climatic conditions (
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87ACD7F19D2DF5A98935D8B" author="Meijaard E. &amp; Groves C. P." box="[197,496,1916,1943]" editor="Lehman S. M. &amp; Fleagle J. G." journalOrPublisher="Springer, New York" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="305 - 329" refId="ref14962" refString="Meijaard E. &amp; Groves C. P. 2006. The geography of mammals and rivers in mainland Southeast Asia. In: Lehman S. M. &amp; Fleagle J. G. (eds) Primate Biogeography: 305 - 329. Springer, New York." title="The geography of mammals and rivers in mainland Southeast Asia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Primate Biogeography" year="2006">Meijaard &amp; Groves 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87ACD7F18EADF5A9BF95D8A" author="Morley R. J." box="[509,666,1916,1943]" journalOrPublisher="John Wiley &amp; Sons, Chichester, U. K." pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref15012" refString="Morley R. J. 2000. Origin and Evolution of Tropical Rain Forests. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Chichester, U. K." title="Origin and Evolution of Tropical Rain Forests" type="book" year="2000">Morley 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, ancestors of both
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87ACD7F1AD1DF5A9D365D8B" box="[966,1109,1916,1942]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87ACD7F1AD1DF5A9D365D8B" box="[966,1109,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tylonycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complexes were presumably widely distributed across Southeast Asia during the Pliocene.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA87BCD7E19AAD92C98EC5F59" blockId="17.[189,1399,266,1349]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Our molecular dating estimates indicate that the basal geographic splits within the two species complexes, i.e., between mainland Southeast Asia and Sumatra, took place approximately at the same time during the Early Pleistocene (between 2.70 and 1.96 Mya for
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1A4FD9779A855B77" box="[856,998,336,362]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1A4FD9779A855B77" box="[856,998,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, between 3.07 and 2.22 Mya for
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E19AAD95398285B90" box="[189,331,371,398]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E19AAD95398285B90" box="[189,331,371,398]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<tableCitation id="5A2C0327A87BCD7E184BD95598D75B93" box="[348,436,371,398]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="10.[189,258,266,292]" captionTargetBox="[201,1324,399,910]" captionText="Table 1. Bayesian mean node ages in million years ago (Mya) estimated with three different rates of substitution, 0.015 ± 0.005 (R 1), 0.02 ± 0.005 (R 2) and 0.025 ± 0.005 (R 3) per lineage per Myr, and using two different DNA alignements: subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase (COI) or cytochrome b (Cytb)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43D16614A860CD6519AAD92C9C155B76" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" tableUuid="43D16614A860CD6519AAD92C9C155B76">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The Pleistocene epoch is characterized by the onset of repeated cycles of cold glacial and warm interglacial periods as the results of the glaciations/deglaciations of the Northern Hemisphere, which implied contraction and expansion of rain forests in Asia (
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E1D29D99C9D855BC9" author="An Z. &amp; Kutzbach J. E. &amp; Prell W. L. &amp; Porter S. C." box="[1086,1254,442,468]" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="62 - 66" part="411" publicationUrl="10.1038/35075035" refId="ref12337" refString="An Z., Kutzbach J. E., Prell W. L. &amp; Porter S. C. 2001. Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the Himalaya - Tibetan plateau since Late Miocene times. Nature 411 (6833): 62 - 66. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1038 / 35075035" title="Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the Himalaya - Tibetan plateau since Late Miocene times" type="journal article" year="2001">
An
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1D7ED99D9DC15BC9" box="[1129,1186,442,468]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E1DE7D99C98345BEA" author="Meijaard E. &amp; Groves C. P." editor="Lehman S. M. &amp; Fleagle J. G." journalOrPublisher="Springer, New York" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="305 - 329" refId="ref14962" refString="Meijaard E. &amp; Groves C. P. 2006. The geography of mammals and rivers in mainland Southeast Asia. In: Lehman S. M. &amp; Fleagle J. G. (eds) Primate Biogeography: 305 - 329. Springer, New York." title="The geography of mammals and rivers in mainland Southeast Asia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Primate Biogeography" year="2006">Meijaard &amp; Groves 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E1874D9FB9B625BE5" author="Morley R. J." box="[355,513,477,504]" journalOrPublisher="John Wiley &amp; Sons, Chichester, U. K." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref15012" refString="Morley R. J. 2000. Origin and Evolution of Tropical Rain Forests. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Chichester, U. K." title="Origin and Evolution of Tropical Rain Forests" type="book" year="2000">Morley 2000</bibRefCitation>
). As bats of the genus
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1A1FD9FB9AF45BEA" box="[776,919,477,503]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1A1FD9FB9AF45BEA" box="[776,919,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tylonycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are highly dependent on woody bamboo vegetation for roosting, foraging and mating (
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E1BF7DA279A0A5806" author="Kunz T. H." box="[736,873,513,539]" editor="Kunz T. H." journalOrPublisher="Springer, New York" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref14337" refString="Kunz T. H. 1982. Roosting ecology of bats. In: Kunz T. H. (ed.) Ecology of Bats: 1 - 55. Springer, New York." title="Roosting ecology of bats" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Ecology of Bats" year="1982">Kunz 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E1A60DA269D465806" author="Medway L." box="[887,1061,512,539]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="33 - 61" part="51" refId="ref14741" refString="Medway L. 1972. Reproductive cycles of the flat-headed bats Tylonycteris pachypus and T. robustula (Chiroptera: Vespertilioninae) in a humid equatorial environment. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 51 (1): 33 - 61. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1972. tb 00772. x" title="Reproductive cycles of the flat-headed bats Tylonycteris pachypus and T. robustula (Chiroptera: Vespertilioninae) in a humid equatorial environment" type="journal article" year="1972">Medway 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E1D24DA269C125806" author="Medway L. &amp; Marshall A. G." box="[1075,1393,512,539]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="237 - 245" part="161" refId="ref14847" refString="Medway L. &amp; Marshall A. G. 1970. Roost-site selection among flat-headed bats (Tylonycteris spp.). Journal of Zoology 161 (2): 237 - 245. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1970. tb 02038. x" title="Roost-site selection among flat-headed bats (Tylonycteris spp.)" type="journal article" year="1970">Medway &amp; Marshall 1970</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E19AADA02999F5823" author="Medway L." box="[189,252,548,574]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="33 - 61" part="51" refId="ref14741" refString="Medway L. 1972. Reproductive cycles of the flat-headed bats Tylonycteris pachypus and T. robustula (Chiroptera: Vespertilioninae) in a humid equatorial environment. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 51 (1): 33 - 61. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1972. tb 00772. x" title="Reproductive cycles of the flat-headed bats Tylonycteris pachypus and T. robustula (Chiroptera: Vespertilioninae) in a humid equatorial environment" type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
), their Pleistocene biogeographic history was firmly constrained by the distribution of such bamboo habitats. The current distribution of woody bamboo species in Asia (
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E1D5DDA609C11587D" author="Bystriakova N. &amp; Kapos V. &amp; Stapleton C. &amp; Lysenko I." box="[1098,1394,582,609]" journalOrPublisher="UNEP-WCMC, INBAR, Cambridge, U. K." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref12812" refString="Bystriakova N., Kapos V., Stapleton C. &amp; Lysenko I. 2003 b. Bamboo Biodiversity: Information for Planning Conservation and Management in the Asia-Pacific Region. UNEP-WCMC, INBAR, Cambridge, U. K." title="Bamboo Biodiversity: Information for Planning Conservation and Management in the Asia-Pacific Region" type="book" year="2003">
Bystriakova
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1DF5DA6E9C7E587D" box="[1250,1309,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2003b
</bibRefCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A87BCD7E19AADA4C98615899" box="[189,258,618,644]" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[191,1398,581,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[189,1399,578,1786]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 6. Distribution and species richness for the eight genera of woody bamboo forests currently found in Asia (adapted and modified from Bystriakova et al. 2003 b) and putative geographic range areas of the species of Tylonycteris. During glacial periods of the Pleistocene, the highlighted biogeographic regions may have acted as bamboo refugia for Tylonycteris spp. Moreover, sea level falls (at around 120 m below present) exposed land bridges, such as the entire Sunda Shelf (adapted from Voris 2000), connecting the islands to the continent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291924/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) indicates that eight disjunctive biogeographic regions have higher species richness (&gt; 5 species) for some bamboo genera: southern India (
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1BBCDAAB9AC258BA" authority="Thwaites" authorityName="Thwaites" box="[683,929,653,679]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Ochlandra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1BBCDAAB9A4958BA" box="[683,810,653,679]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ochlandra</emphasis>
Thwaites
</taxonomicName>
), northern Myanmar (
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1DB3DAAB987258D6" authority="Munro" authorityName="Munro" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cephalostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1DB3DAAB9C1558BA" box="[1188,1398,653,679]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cephalostachyum</emphasis>
Munro
</taxonomicName>
), southern China (
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E18EBDA969B9C58D6" authority="Nees" authorityName="Nees" box="[508,767,688,715]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dendrocalamus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E18EBDA969BD558D7" box="[508,694,688,714]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dendrocalamus</emphasis>
Nees
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1A53DA969D7F58D7" authority="Schreb." authorityName="Schreb." box="[836,1052,688,714]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bambusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1A53DA969AD258D7" box="[836,945,688,714]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bambusa</emphasis>
Schreb.
</taxonomicName>
), Hainan Island (
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1DEFDA969C0658D7" box="[1272,1381,688,714]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bambusa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1DEFDA969C0658D7" box="[1272,1381,688,714]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bambusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), northwestern Thailand (
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E18F1DAF59BC358F0" box="[486,672,723,749]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dendrocalamus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E18F1DAF59BC358F0" box="[486,672,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dendrocalamus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1BFDDAF59D0058F3" authority="Kurz ex Munro" authorityName="Kurz ex Munro" box="[746,1123,723,750]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Gigantochloa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1BFDDAF59AE858F0" box="[746,907,723,749]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Gigantochloa</emphasis>
Kurz ex Munro
</taxonomicName>
), Peninsular Malaysia (
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E19D0DAD0980B590D" box="[199,360,758,784]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Gigantochloa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E19D0DAD0980B590D" box="[199,360,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Gigantochloa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), Sumatra and Borneo (
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1B93DAD09A46590D" box="[644,805,758,784]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Gigantochloa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1B93DAD09A46590D" box="[644,805,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Gigantochloa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1A77DAD09D00590F" authority="Nees" authorityName="Nees" box="[864,1123,758,786]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Schizostachyum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1A77DAD09D78590D" box="[864,1051,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Schizostachyum</emphasis>
Nees
</taxonomicName>
). All these regions may therefore have acted as distinct bamboo forest refugia during the glacial periods of the Pleistocene (
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A87BCD7E1C50DB3C99AD594A" captionStart="Fig. 6" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1821,1847]" captionTargetBox="[191,1398,581,1783]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[189,1399,578,1786]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 6. Distribution and species richness for the eight genera of woody bamboo forests currently found in Asia (adapted and modified from Bystriakova et al. 2003 b) and putative geographic range areas of the species of Tylonycteris. During glacial periods of the Pleistocene, the highlighted biogeographic regions may have acted as bamboo refugia for Tylonycteris spp. Moreover, sea level falls (at around 120 m below present) exposed land bridges, such as the entire Sunda Shelf (adapted from Voris 2000), connecting the islands to the continent." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291924/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Evidence for a number of these postulated glacial refugia has been reported in previous studies for many organisms, including bats (
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E1B2CDB469A405966" author="Flanders J. &amp; Wei L. &amp; Rossiter S. J. &amp; Zhang S." box="[571,803,864,891]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="439 - 452" part="38" refId="ref13060" refString="Flanders J., Wei L., Rossiter S. J. &amp; Zhang S. 2011. Identifying the effects of the Pleistocene on the greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, in East Asia using ecological niche modelling and phylogenetic analyses. Journal of Biogeography 38 (3): 439 - 452. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2010.02411. x" title="Identifying the effects of the Pleistocene on the greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, in East Asia using ecological niche modelling and phylogenetic analyses" type="journal article" year="2011">
Flanders
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1BB0DB479B835967" box="[679,736,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E1A39DB469A935966" author="Khan F. A. A. &amp; Solari S. &amp; Swier V. J. &amp; Larsen P. A. &amp; Abdullah M. T. &amp; Baker R. J." box="[814,1008,864,891]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Mammalogy" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1058 - 1072" part="91" refId="ref14179" refString="Khan F. A. A., Solari S., Swier V. J., Larsen P. A., Abdullah M. T. &amp; Baker R. J. 2010. Systematics of Malaysian woolly bats (Vespertilionidae: Kerivoula) inferred from mitochondrial, nuclear, karyotypic, and morphological data. Journal of Mammalogy 91 (5): 1058 - 1072. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1644 / 09 - MAMM-A- 361.1" title="Systematics of Malaysian woolly bats (Vespertilionidae: Kerivoula) inferred from mitochondrial, nuclear, karyotypic, and morphological data" type="journal article" year="2010">
Khan
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1A64DB479ACF5967" box="[883,940,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E1AEDDB469DC55966" author="Lin A. Q. &amp; Csorba G. &amp; Li L. F. &amp; Jiang T. L. &amp; Lu G. J. &amp; Thong V. D. &amp; Soisook P. &amp; Sun K. P. &amp; Feng J." box="[1018,1190,864,891]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="317 - 327" part="41" refId="ref14422" refString="Lin A. Q., Csorba G., Li L. F., Jiang T. L., Lu G. J., Thong V. D., Soisook P., Sun K. P. &amp; Feng J. 2014. Phylogeography of Hipposideros armiger (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in the Oriental Region: the contribution of multiple Pleistocene glacial refugia and intrinsic factors to contemporary population genetic structure. Journal of Biogeography 41 (2): 317 - 327. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 12163" title="Phylogeography of Hipposideros armiger (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in the Oriental Region: the contribution of multiple Pleistocene glacial refugia and intrinsic factors to contemporary population genetic structure" type="journal article" year="2014">
Lin
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1D3EDB479D015967" box="[1065,1122,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E1DA7DB479C085966" author="Mao X. G. &amp; He G. M. &amp; Zhang J. P. &amp; Rossiter S. J. &amp; Zhang S. Y." box="[1200,1387,864,891]" journalOrPublisher="PLoS ONE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="56786" part="8" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi" refId="ref14668" refString="Mao X. G., He G. M., Zhang J. P., Rossiter S. J. &amp; Zhang S. Y. 2013. Lineage divergence and historical gene flow in the Chinese horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus sinicus). PLoS ONE 8 (2): e 56786. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0056786" title="Lineage divergence and historical gene flow in the Chinese horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus sinicus)" type="journal article" year="2013">
Mao
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1DFBDB479C465967" box="[1260,1317,864,890]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). Accordingly, we propose that the contraction of woody bamboo forests into different glacial refugia had fragmented the distribution of the Pliocene ancestors of both
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1A84DB8E9D7C59DD" box="[915,1055,934,961]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1A84DB8E9D7C59DD" box="[915,1055,934,961]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87BCD7E1D30DB8E9D0459DD" box="[1063,1127,934,962]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1DB5DB8E9C4D59DD" box="[1186,1326,934,961]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1DB5DB8E9C4D59DD" box="[1186,1326,934,961]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87BCD7E1C20DB8E9C1559DC" box="[1335,1398,934,962]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
In addition, we can assume that Pleistocene glacial periods resulted in higher interspecific competition between co-distributed species of
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1B5CDBCB9BB95E1A" box="[587,730,1005,1031]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1B5CDBCB9BB95E1A" box="[587,730,1005,1031]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tylonycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, because the supply of most suitable resources was more limited in glacial bamboo forest refugia (
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E1BA2DC369A9E5E36" author="Medway L. &amp; Marshall A. G." box="[693,1021,1040,1067]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="237 - 245" part="161" refId="ref14847" refString="Medway L. &amp; Marshall A. G. 1970. Roost-site selection among flat-headed bats (Tylonycteris spp.). Journal of Zoology 161 (2): 237 - 245. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1970. tb 02038. x" title="Roost-site selection among flat-headed bats (Tylonycteris spp.)" type="journal article" year="1970">Medway &amp; Marshall 1970</bibRefCitation>
). As noted in previous studies,
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E19AADC1398295E50" box="[189,330,1075,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E19AADC1398295E50" box="[189,330,1075,1102]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87BCD7E1844DC1298F05E53" box="[339,403,1075,1102]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has a more manoeuvrable flight in cluttered habitats and forages on smaller insects than
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E19EEDC7E98E45E6D" box="[249,391,1110,1137]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E19EEDC7E98E45E6D" box="[249,391,1110,1137]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87BCD7E1886DC7E98B25E6C" box="[401,465,1110,1138]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E18F4DC709BDE5E6D" author="Zhang L. B. &amp; Jones G. &amp; Rossiter S. &amp; Ades G. &amp; Liang B. &amp; Zhang S. Y." box="[483,701,1110,1137]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Mammalogy" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="61 - 66" part="86" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2005)086&lt;0061:DOFBTP&gt;2.0.CO;2" refId="ref16507" refString="Zhang L. B., Jones G., Rossiter S., Ades G., Liang B. &amp; Zhang S. Y. 2005. Diet of flat-headed bats, Tylonycteris pachypus and T. robustula, in Guangxi, South China. Journal of Mammalogy 86 (1): 61 - 66. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1644 / 1545 - 1542 (2005) 086 &lt;0061: DOFBTP&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" title="Diet of flat-headed bats, Tylonycteris pachypus and T. robustula, in Guangxi, South China" type="journal article" year="2005">
Zhang
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1B2EDC7E9B155E6D" box="[569,630,1110,1137]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E1BDCDC719A685E6C" author="Zhang L. &amp; Liang B. &amp; Parsons S. &amp; Wei L. &amp; Zhang S." box="[715,779,1111,1137]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="344 - 351" part="271" refId="ref16373" refString="Zhang L., Liang B., Parsons S., Wei L. &amp; Zhang S. 2007. Morphology, echolocation and foraging behaviour in two sympatric sibling species of bat (Tylonycteris pachypus and Tylonycteris robustula) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Journal of Zoology 271 (3): 344 - 351. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.2006.00210. x" title="Morphology, echolocation and foraging behaviour in two sympatric sibling species of bat (Tylonycteris pachypus and Tylonycteris robustula) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)" type="journal article" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover,
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E1AB4DC709D905E6C" author="Medway L. &amp; Marshall A. G." box="[931,1267,1110,1137]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="237 - 245" part="161" refId="ref14847" refString="Medway L. &amp; Marshall A. G. 1970. Roost-site selection among flat-headed bats (Tylonycteris spp.). Journal of Zoology 161 (2): 237 - 245. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1970. tb 02038. x" title="Roost-site selection among flat-headed bats (Tylonycteris spp.)" type="journal article" year="1970">Medway &amp; Marshall (1970)</bibRefCitation>
found that the smaller
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E185DDC5D98BB5E89" box="[330,472,1146,1172]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E185DDC5D98BB5E89" box="[330,472,1146,1172]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87BCD7E18F6DC5D9B425E89" box="[481,545,1146,1173]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can roost in the internodes with small entrance holes, which the larger
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E19AADCB898295EAA" box="[189,330,1181,1207]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E19AADCB898295EAA" box="[189,330,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87BCD7E1845DCB898F15EAA" box="[338,402,1181,1208]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is unable to enter. These differences suggest, therefore, that the smaller
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1DFDDCB89C145EAA" box="[1258,1399,1181,1207]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1DFDDCB89C145EAA" box="[1258,1399,1181,1207]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87BCD7E19AADCE798635EC7" box="[189,256,1216,1243]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
have greater advantages than the larger
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1BE0DCE79AE45EC7" box="[759,903,1216,1242]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1BE0DCE79AE45EC7" box="[759,903,1216,1242]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87BCD7E1A84DCE79AB55EC7" box="[915,982,1216,1243]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in interspecific competition when natural resources are limited. Hence, isolated populations of
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1A8FDCC39D445EE0" box="[920,1063,1251,1278]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1A8FDCC39D445EE0" box="[920,1063,1251,1278]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87BCD7E1D26DCC29D115EE0" box="[1073,1138,1251,1278]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
may have been more exposed to bottlenecks and therefore more vulnerable to local extinction than those of co-distributed
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E19AADD0D982A5F59" box="[189,329,1322,1348]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E19AADD0D982A5F59" box="[189,329,1322,1348]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87BCD7E1847DD0D98EC5F59" box="[336,399,1322,1349]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA87BCD7E19AADD4D9C3C5DA4" blockId="17.[189,1399,1387,1977]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
During interglacial periods of the Early Pleistocene, warmer and humid conditions resulted in the expansion of woody bamboo forests, which in turn may have favored the restoration of connectivity between isolated populations of both complexes. However, the isolated populations may have been connected or not, depending on their dispersal capacity and the distances between refugia. In
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1DFBDDF09C155FF2" box="[1260,1398,1493,1519]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1DFBDDF09C155FF2" box="[1260,1398,1493,1519]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87BCD7E19AADDDF98625C0F" box="[189,257,1528,1555]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, these processes may have taken longer, because of its lower population abundance (
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E1C1DDDDE98C85C2B" author="Lande R. &amp; Barrowclough G." editor="Soule M. E." journalOrPublisher="Cambridge University Press, London" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="87 - 124" refId="ref14373" refString="Lande R. &amp; Barrowclough G. 1987. Effective population size, genetic variation, and their use in population management. In: Soule M. E. (ed.) Viable Populations for Conservation: 87 - 124. Cambridge University Press, London." title="Effective population size, genetic variation, and their use in population management" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Viable Populations for Conservation" year="1987">Lande &amp; Barrowclough 1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E18A0DE3D9B305C2B" author="Shaffer M. L." box="[439,595,1563,1590]" journalOrPublisher="BioScience" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="131 - 134" part="31" refId="ref15786" refString="Shaffer M. L. 1981. Minimum population sizes for species conservation. BioScience 31 (2): 131 - 134. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1308256" title="Minimum population sizes for species conservation" type="journal article" year="1981">Shaffer 1981</bibRefCitation>
), and may have been prevented in cases of extinction of transitional populations (
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E184DDE199B585C44" author="Huang C. &amp; Yu W. &amp; Xu Z. &amp; Qiu Y. &amp; Chen M. &amp; Qiu B. &amp; Motokawa M. &amp; Harada M. &amp; Li Y. &amp; Wu Y." box="[346,571,1598,1625]" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Biological Sciences" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="200 - 211" part="10" refId="ref13827" refString="Huang C., Yu W., Xu Z., Qiu Y., Chen M., Qiu B., Motokawa M., Harada M., Li Y. &amp; Wu Y. 2014. A cryptic species of the Tylonycteris pachypus complex (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and its population genetic structure in southern China and nearby regions. International Journal of Biological Sciences 10 (2): 200 - 211. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.7150 / ijbs. 7301" title="A cryptic species of the Tylonycteris pachypus complex (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and its population genetic structure in southern China and nearby regions" type="journal article" year="2014">
Huang
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E18A2DE6698975C45" box="[437,500,1598,1625]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
and references therein). This scenario is supported by the fact that
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E19AADE4598245C66" box="[189,327,1633,1660]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E19AADE4598245C66" box="[189,327,1633,1660]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87BCD7E185ADE4598E85C66" box="[333,395,1633,1661]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is usually found to be more abundant than
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1A6EDE459D605C66" box="[889,1027,1633,1660]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1A6EDE459D605C66" box="[889,1027,1633,1660]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87BCD7E1D1EDE459D245C66" box="[1033,1095,1633,1661]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in bamboo forests (
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E1C3DDE47985E5C82" author="Zhang L. B. &amp; Liang B. &amp; Zhou S. Y. &amp; Lu L. R. &amp; Zhang S. Y." journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Sinica" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="326 - 333" part="50" refId="ref16450" refString="Zhang L. B., Liang B., Zhou S. Y., Lu L. R. &amp; Zhang S. Y. 2004. Group structure of lesser flat-headed bat Tylonycteris pachypus and greater flat-headed bat T. robustula. Acta Zoologica Sinica 50 (3): 326 - 333." title="Group structure of lesser flat-headed bat Tylonycteris pachypus and greater flat-headed bat T. robustula" type="journal article" year="2004">
Zhang
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E19AADEA0999B5C82" box="[189,248,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E185DDEA39BE15C82" author="Medway L. &amp; Marshall A. G." box="[330,642,1669,1695]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="463 - 482" part="168" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi" refId="ref14902" refString="Medway L. &amp; Marshall A. G. 1972. Roosting associations of flat-headed bats, Tylonycteris species (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Malaysia. Journal of Zoology 168 (4): 463 - 482. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1972. tb 01362. x" title="Roosting associations of flat-headed bats, Tylonycteris species (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Malaysia" type="journal article" year="1972">Medway &amp; Marshall 1972</bibRefCitation>
) and by the wider geographic range of
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1D45DEA09DBD5C82" box="[1106,1246,1669,1695]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1D45DEA09DBD5C82" box="[1106,1246,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87BCD7E1DF2DEA09C475C82" box="[1253,1316,1669,1696]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E1C23DEA3982B5CDE" author="Bates P. &amp; Francis C. &amp; Rosell-Ambal G. &amp; Heaney L. &amp; Molur S. &amp; Srinivasulu C." journalOrPublisher="The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e. T" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="9377719" part="22577" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi" refId="ref12591" refString="Bates P., Francis C., Rosell-Ambal G., Heaney L., Molur S. &amp; Srinivasulu C. 2008 a. Tylonycteris pachypus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e. T 22577 A 9377719. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2008. RLTS. T 22577 A 9377719. en" title="Tylonycteris pachypus" type="journal article" year="2008">
Bates
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E19AADE8F99945CDF" box="[189,247,1704,1730]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2008a
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA87BCD7E1844DE8E98C35CDF" author="Bates P. &amp; Francis C. &amp; Rosell-Ambal G. &amp; Heaney L." box="[339,416,1704,1730]" journalOrPublisher="The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e. T 22578 A 9378011" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="9378011" part="22578" refId="ref12661" refString="Bates P., Francis C., Rosell-Ambal G. &amp; Heaney L. 2008 b. Tylonycteris robustula. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e. T 22578 A 9378011. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2008. RLTS. T 22578 A 9378011. en" title="Tylonycteris robustula" type="journal article" year="2008">2008b</bibRefCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A87BCD7E18BCDE8E988E5CDE" box="[427,493,1704,1731]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[255,1337,265,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[225,1363,249,1829]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. A – B. Maps of Asia showing the distribution range (shaded) and type localities of described subspecies of T. pachypus (Temminck, 1840) and T. robustula Thomas, 1915 (Bates et al. 2008 a, 2008 b). C. Localities of Tylonycteris specimens included in this study. Triangles and circles refer to T. pachypus and T. robustula, respectively; the colours indicate the mtDNA haplogroups found in the Bayesian analyses of COI and Cytb sequences (see Fig. 2 for details)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291920/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Knowing this, the body size differences between the two species complexes may be the key factor explaining why the basal divergence of northern Indochinese populations occurred earlier in
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1826DED698DC5D15" box="[305,447,1774,1801]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1826DED698DC5D15" box="[305,447,1774,1801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87BCD7E18DFDEC99B6A5D15" box="[456,521,1774,1801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1B47DED69B905D15" box="[592,755,1774,1801]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tonkinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1B47DED69B905D15" box="[592,755,1774,1801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. tonkinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87BCD7E1BEBDEC99A365D14" box="[764,853,1775,1801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
) than in
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1AD5DED69D2C5D15" box="[962,1103,1774,1801]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1AD5DED69D2C5D15" box="[962,1103,1774,1801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A87BCD7E1D4FDEC99DF85D15" box="[1112,1179,1774,1801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" sensu="lato">s. lat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, i.e., 2.97–1.70 vs 1.35–0.79 Mya (
<tableCitation id="5A2C0327A87BCD7E1897DF3798BB5D31" box="[384,472,1809,1836]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="10.[189,258,266,292]" captionTargetBox="[201,1324,399,910]" captionText="Table 1. Bayesian mean node ages in million years ago (Mya) estimated with three different rates of substitution, 0.015 ± 0.005 (R 1), 0.02 ± 0.005 (R 2) and 0.025 ± 0.005 (R 3) per lineage per Myr, and using two different DNA alignements: subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase (COI) or cytochrome b (Cytb)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43D16614A860CD6519AAD92C9C155B76" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" tableUuid="43D16614A860CD6519AAD92C9C155B76">Table 1</tableCitation>
). During Pleistocene interglacials, exchanges of
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1D0DDF379DCA5D36" box="[1050,1193,1809,1835]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1D0DDF379DCA5D36" box="[1050,1193,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tylonycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. between the continent and the islands of Sundaland were probably prevented because of the long distances between the glacial forest refugia, as well as the higher sea levels (
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A87BCD7E1A84DF7E9ABF5D6E" box="[915,988,1880,1907]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[255,1337,265,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[225,1363,249,1829]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. A – B. Maps of Asia showing the distribution range (shaded) and type localities of described subspecies of T. pachypus (Temminck, 1840) and T. robustula Thomas, 1915 (Bates et al. 2008 a, 2008 b). C. Localities of Tylonycteris specimens included in this study. Triangles and circles refer to T. pachypus and T. robustula, respectively; the colours indicate the mtDNA haplogroups found in the Bayesian analyses of COI and Cytb sequences (see Fig. 2 for details)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291920/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Our molecular dating estimates corroborate this scenario, as continental populations of
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA87BCD7E1A55DF5D9AB25D88" box="[834,977,1915,1941]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA87BCD7E1A55DF5D9AB25D88" box="[834,977,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tylonycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. from Indochina and Peninsular Malaysia diverged from insular populations (Sumatra and Borneo) in the Early Pleistocene (
<tableCitation id="5A2C0327A87BCD7E1DE1DFB89C2D5DA4" box="[1270,1358,1950,1977]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="10.[189,258,266,292]" captionTargetBox="[201,1324,399,910]" captionText="Table 1. Bayesian mean node ages in million years ago (Mya) estimated with three different rates of substitution, 0.015 ± 0.005 (R 1), 0.02 ± 0.005 (R 2) and 0.025 ± 0.005 (R 3) per lineage per Myr, and using two different DNA alignements: subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase (COI) or cytochrome b (Cytb)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43D16614A860CD6519AAD92C9C155B76" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" tableUuid="43D16614A860CD6519AAD92C9C155B76">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5FB46517A878CD7C19AAD92F9BAE5B55" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="1711369CA878CD7D19AAD92F9B4E5B3E" blockId="18.[189,557,265,291]" box="[189,557,265,291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="4C5981F0A878CD7D19AAD92F9B4E5B3E" bold="true" box="[189,557,265,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="2">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA878CD7D19AAD92F9B4E5B3E" bold="true" box="[189,557,265,291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Implications for conservation</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA878CD7C19AAD91E9BAE5B55" blockId="18.[189,1399,312,515]" lastBlockId="19.[189,1398,266,328]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Previous studies considered
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<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA878CD7D1B02D91F9BC75B4F" box="[533,676,312,338]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T. pachypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA878CD7D1BF3D91F9A175B4F" box="[740,884,312,338]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA878CD7D1BF3D91F9A175B4F" box="[740,884,312,338]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be common species and thus classified them as
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA878CD7D1836D97A98AE5B6B" box="[289,461,348,374]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Least Concern</emphasis>
in the IUCN Red List (
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA878CD7D1BF1D97A9ADC5B6B" author="Bates P. &amp; Francis C. &amp; Rosell-Ambal G. &amp; Heaney L. &amp; Molur S. &amp; Srinivasulu C." box="[742,959,347,374]" journalOrPublisher="The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e. T" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="9377719" part="22577" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi" refId="ref12591" refString="Bates P., Francis C., Rosell-Ambal G., Heaney L., Molur S. &amp; Srinivasulu C. 2008 a. Tylonycteris pachypus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e. T 22577 A 9377719. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2008. RLTS. T 22577 A 9377719. en" title="Tylonycteris pachypus" type="journal article" year="2008">
Bates
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA878CD7D1A26D97A9A0E5B68" box="[817,877,347,373]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
2008a
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA878CD7D1ADBD97D9D795B68" author="Bates P. &amp; Francis C. &amp; Rosell-Ambal G. &amp; Heaney L." box="[972,1050,347,373]" journalOrPublisher="The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e. T 22578 A 9378011" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="9378011" part="22578" refId="ref12661" refString="Bates P., Francis C., Rosell-Ambal G. &amp; Heaney L. 2008 b. Tylonycteris robustula. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e. T 22578 A 9378011. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2008. RLTS. T 22578 A 9378011. en" title="Tylonycteris robustula" type="journal article" year="2008">2008b</bibRefCitation>
). Since our study reveals that both species in fact represent several species with more restricted distributions, the IUCN status of the different taxa should be reassessed urgently, including that of the new species,
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA878CD7D1D41D9859D955BA6" box="[1110,1270,417,444]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tonkinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA878CD7D1D41D9859D955BA6" box="[1110,1270,417,444]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">T. tonkinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A878CD7D1DEAD9849C345BA1" box="[1277,1367,418,444]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
In addition, our study suggests that several biogeographic regions have acted as Pleistocene glacial refugia. This information is very important for developing more effective conservation strategies, particularly given the high current rates of deforestation affecting most natural habitats in Southeast Asia (
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA879CD7C1C1ED92C99985B55" author="Kingston T." journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity and Conservation" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="471 - 484" part="19" refId="ref14265" refString="Kingston T. 2010. Research priorities for bat conservation in Southeast Asia: a consensus approach. Biodiversity and Conservation 19 (2): 471 - 484. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10531 - 008 - 9458 - 5" title="Research priorities for bat conservation in Southeast Asia: a consensus approach" type="journal article" year="2010">Kingston 2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA879CD7C1810D90B98B05B55" author="Sodhi N. S. &amp; Posa M. R. C. &amp; Lee T. M. &amp; Bickford D. &amp; Koh L. P. &amp; Brook B. W." box="[263,467,301,328]" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity and Conservation" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="317 - 328" part="19" refId="ref15871" refString="Sodhi N. S., Posa M. R. C., Lee T. M., Bickford D., Koh L. P. &amp; Brook B. W. 2010. The state and conservation of Southeast Asian biodiversity. Biodiversity and Conservation 19 (2): 317 - 328. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10531 - 009 - 9607 - 5" title="The state and conservation of Southeast Asian biodiversity" type="journal article" year="2010">
Sodhi
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA879CD7C1844D90898ED5B5A" box="[339,398,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA879CD7C18C8D90B9BA35B55" author="Tordoff A. W. &amp; Bezuijen M. R. &amp; Duckworth J. W. &amp; Fellowes J. R. &amp; Koenig K. &amp; Pollard E. H. B. &amp; Royo A. G." box="[479,704,301,328]" journalOrPublisher="Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Conservation International, USA" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="2012" refId="ref16096" refString="Tordoff A. W., Bezuijen M. R., Duckworth J. W., Fellowes J. R., Koenig K., Pollard E. H. B. &amp; Royo A. G. 2012. Ecosystem Profile: Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot Indochina Region. Final Version October 2012. Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, Conservation International, USA." title="Ecosystem Profile: Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot Indochina Region. Final Version October" type="book chapter" year="2012">
Tordoff
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA879CD7C1B28D9089B1A5B5A" box="[575,633,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

602
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@ -0,0 +1,602 @@
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<subSubSection id="5FB46517A866CD631888DE649DF75C40" box="[415,1172,1602,1629]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
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<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA866CD631888DE649BA65C41" bold="true" box="[415,709,1602,1628]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tylonycteris tonkinensis</emphasis>
Tu, Csorba, Ruedi &amp; Hassanin
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<paragraph id="1711369CA866CD631BF9DEAE9A255CBF" blockId="12.[371,1216,1602,1698]" box="[750,838,1672,1698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A866CD631BF9DEAE9A525CBF" box="[750,817,1672,1698]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1828,1854]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,895,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[189,1399,895,1802]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Morphological characteristics of the two nominal species of the genus Tylonycteris Peters, 1872. A. T. pachypus (Temminck, 1840) (corrected taxon name is T. fulvida (Blyth, 1859 )), IEBR-VN 11 - 0 0 15. B. T. robustula Thomas, 1915 (corrected taxon name is T. tonkinensis Tu, Csorba, Ruedi &amp; Hassanin sp. nov.), holotype, IEBR-VN 11 - 0055. Head profiles, ventral and dorsal views, fleshy pads at the base of the thumb and on the sole of the foot, and different views of the skull (dorsal, ventral and lateral). Scale = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291923/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B
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<paragraph id="1711369CA866CD6319AADEEC9A7F5CF8" blockId="12.[189,796,1738,1765]" box="[189,796,1738,1765]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA866CD6319AADEEC9B125CF9" ID-CoL="59TJ9" authority="Thomas, 1915" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[189,625,1738,1764]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA866CD6319AADEEC98A15CF9" box="[189,450,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tylonycteris robustula</emphasis>
Thomas, 1915
</taxonomicName>
(partim): 227.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA866CD6319AADF2D98A55D38" ID-CoL="59TJ9" authority="Thomas, 1915" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[189,454,1803,1829]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA866CD6319AADF2D98A55D38" box="[189,454,1803,1829]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tylonycteris robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA866CD6318FDDF2D9BAD5D38" author="Osgood W. H." box="[490,718,1803,1830]" journalOrPublisher="Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series 18" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="193 - 339" refId="ref15189" refString="Osgood W. H. 1932. Mammals of the Kelley-Roosevelts and Delacour Asiatic expedition. Field Museum of Natural History, Zoological Series 18: 193 - 339. Available from http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 2798 [accessed 12 Dec. 2016]." title="Mammals of the Kelley-Roosevelts and Delacour Asiatic expedition" type="book chapter" year="1932">Osgood 1932: 236</bibRefCitation>
. — Tate 1942: 268. —
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Hendrichsen
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA866CD631D84DF2B9DB25D38" box="[1171,1233,1803,1830]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
2001: 90
</bibRefCitation>
. —
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA866CD6319AADF0898C15D54" author="Kruskop S. V." box="[189,418,1838,1865]" journalOrPublisher="KMK Sci Press, Moscow" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref14314" refString="Kruskop S. V. 2013. Bats of Vietnam: Checklist and an Identification Manual. KMK Sci Press, Moscow." title="Bats of Vietnam: Checklist and an Identification Manual" type="book" year="2013">Kruskop 2013: 221</bibRefCitation>
. —
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA866CD6318C5DF089B975D54" author="Thomas N. M. &amp; Duckworth J. W. &amp; Douangboubpha B. &amp; Williams M. &amp; Francis C. M." box="[466,756,1838,1865]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Chiropterologica" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="193 - 260" part="15" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi" refId="ref16031" refString="Thomas N. M., Duckworth J. W., Douangboubpha B., Williams M. &amp; Francis C. M. 2013. A checklist of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Lao PDR. Acta Chiropterologica 15 (1): 193 - 260. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3161 / 150811013 X 667993" title="A checklist of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Lao PDR" type="journal article" year="2013">
Thomas
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA866CD631B2FDF169B105D55" box="[568,627,1838,1865]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
2013: 229
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5FB46517A866CD6219AADF579C695E82" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1711369CA866CD6319AADF5798275D96" blockId="12.[189,1399,1905,2013]" box="[189,324,1905,1931]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="4C5981F0A866CD6319AADF5798275D96" bold="true" box="[189,324,1905,1931]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="6">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA866CD6319AADF5798275D96" bold="true" box="[189,324,1905,1931]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA866CD6219AADFB89C695E82" blockId="12.[189,1399,1905,2013]" lastBlockId="13.[189,1399,1085,1183]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
The specific epithet refers to the current restricted occurrence of the new species in north-eastern Laos and northern Vietnam (
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A866CD6318C6DFE49B745DC1" box="[465,535,1986,2012]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[255,1337,265,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[225,1363,249,1829]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. A – B. Maps of Asia showing the distribution range (shaded) and type localities of described subspecies of T. pachypus (Temminck, 1840) and T. robustula Thomas, 1915 (Bates et al. 2008 a, 2008 b). C. Localities of Tylonycteris specimens included in this study. Triangles and circles refer to T. pachypus and T. robustula, respectively; the colours indicate the mtDNA haplogroups found in the Bayesian analyses of COI and Cytb sequences (see Fig. 2 for details)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291920/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The Vietnamese portion of this region was previously called “Tonkin” during the Nguyễn dynasty and French colonial era (from the 19th to the mid-20th centuries) to separate it from the country’s centre (Annam) and southern regions (Cochinchina). The proposed English name is “Tonkin’s greater bamboo bat” and the proposed Vietnamese name is ‘Dơi ống tre Bắc Bộ’.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="43D16614A867CD6219AAD92C9C145B90" ID-Table-UUID="43D16614A867CD6219AAD92C9C145B90" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43D16614A867CD6219AAD92C9C145B90" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[314,1304,433,1022]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="1711369CA867CD6219AAD92C9C145B90" blockId="13.[189,1399,266,1022]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD6219AAD92C98405B39" bold="true" box="[189,291,266,292]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Table 3.</emphasis>
Factor loadings of craniodental characters for the PCs obtained from principle component analyses (PCAs) of specimens of
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA867CD621B52D90B9BB75B5A" box="[581,724,301,327]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621B52D90B9BB75B5A" box="[581,724,301,327]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tylonycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Acronyms and definitions for measurements are given in Material and methods. The first PCA is based on raw data (PC*1), while the second PCA is based on the log-transformed, standardized data (PC1 and PC2). Values in bold indicate the most significant loadings.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1711369CA867CD621B87D9979C6859E3" blockId="13.[189,1399,266,1022]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<table id="65AEC43CA8673290182DD9979C7B59E3" box="[314,1304,433,1022]" gridcols="4" gridrows="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<tr id="A99E34DEA8673290182DD9979C7B5BD4" box="[314,1304,433,457]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="EA4F5DA2A86732901B87D9979B9E5BD4" box="[656,765,433,457]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621B87D9979B9E5BD4" bold="true" box="[656,765,433,457]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Raw data</emphasis>
</th>
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621AE8D9979DB35BD4" bold="true" box="[1023,1232,433,457]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="EA4F5DA2A86732901AD7D9979DFB5BD4" box="[960,1176,433,457]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Standardized</th>
<th id="EA4F5DA2A86732901D89D9979C7B5BD4" box="[1182,1304,433,457]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621D89D9979DB35BD4" bold="true" box="[1182,1232,433,457]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">data</emphasis>
</th>
</emphasis>
</tr>
<tr id="A99E34DEA8673290182DD9FE9C7B5BF2" box="[314,1304,472,495]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="EA4F5DA2A8673290182DD9FE98DA5BF2" box="[314,441,472,495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD62182DD9FE98DA5BF2" bold="true" box="[314,441,472,495]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Characters</emphasis>
</th>
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621BB0D9FE9C6F5BF2" bold="true" box="[679,1292,472,495]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901B87D9FE9B9E5BF2" box="[656,765,472,495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621BB0D9FE9B865BF2" bold="true" box="[679,741,472,495]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">PC*1</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901AD7D9FE9DFB5BF2" box="[960,1176,472,495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621ADBD9FE9A9E5BF2" bold="true" box="[972,1021,472,495]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">PC1</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901D89D9FE9C7B5BF2" box="[1182,1304,472,495]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621DCCD9FE9C6F5BF2" bold="true" box="[1243,1292,472,495]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">PC2</emphasis>
</td>
</emphasis>
</tr>
<tr id="A99E34DEA8673290182DDA219C7B583C" box="[314,1304,519,545]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="EA4F5DA2A8673290182DDA2198DA583C" box="[314,441,519,545]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">GLS</th>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901B87DA219B9E583C" box="[656,765,519,545]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621BB8DA219BBD5803" bold="true" box="[687,734,519,542]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.25</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901AD7DA219DFB583C" box="[960,1176,519,545]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.14</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901D89DA219C7B583C" box="[1182,1304,519,545]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.04</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A99E34DEA8673290182DDA099C7B5855" box="[314,1304,559,584]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="EA4F5DA2A8673290182DDA0998DA5855" box="[314,441,559,584]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CCL</th>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901B87DA099B9E5855" box="[656,765,559,584]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621BB8DA099BBD585B" bold="true" box="[687,734,559,582]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.23</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901AD7DA099DFB5855" box="[960,1176,559,584]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.22</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901D89DA099C7B5855" box="[1182,1304,559,584]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-0.02</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A99E34DEA8673290182DDA719C7B586D" box="[314,1304,599,624]" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="EA4F5DA2A8673290182DDA7198DA586D" box="[314,441,599,624]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CC</th>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901B87DA719B9E586D" box="[656,765,599,624]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621BB8DA719BBD5873" bold="true" box="[687,734,599,622]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.36</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901AD7DA719DFB586D" box="[960,1176,599,624]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-0.18</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901D89DA719C7B586D" box="[1182,1304,599,624]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.25</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A99E34DEA8673290182DDA599C7B5885" box="[314,1304,639,664]" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="EA4F5DA2A8673290182DDA5998DA5885" box="[314,441,639,664]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">UCI</th>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901B87DA599B9E5885" box="[656,765,639,664]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621BB8DA599BBD588B" bold="true" box="[687,734,639,662]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.41</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901AD7DA599DFB5885" box="[960,1176,639,664]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621ADEDA599D62588B" bold="true" box="[969,1025,639,662]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-0.62</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901D89DA599C7B5885" box="[1182,1304,639,664]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621DCFDA599C73588B" bold="true" box="[1240,1296,639,662]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-0.38</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A99E34DEA8673290182DDA809C7B58DD" box="[314,1304,678,704]" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="EA4F5DA2A8673290182DDA8098DA58DD" box="[314,441,678,704]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M3M3</th>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901B87DA809B9E58DD" box="[656,765,678,704]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621BB8DA819BBD58A3" bold="true" box="[687,734,679,702]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.32</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901AD7DA809DFB58DD" box="[960,1176,678,704]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-0.02</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901D89DA809C7B58DD" box="[1182,1304,678,704]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A99E34DEA8673290182DDAE99C7B58F5" box="[314,1304,719,744]" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="EA4F5DA2A8673290182DDAE998DA58F5" box="[314,441,719,744]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">IC</th>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901B87DAE99B9E58F5" box="[656,765,719,744]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621BB8DAE99BBD58FB" bold="true" box="[687,734,719,742]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.34</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901AD7DAE99DFB58F5" box="[960,1176,719,744]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-0.15</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901D89DAE99C7B58F5" box="[1182,1304,719,744]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621DCFDAE99C7358FB" bold="true" box="[1240,1296,719,742]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-0.62</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A99E34DEA8673290182DDAD09C7B590D" box="[314,1304,758,784]" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="EA4F5DA2A8673290182DDAD098DA590D" box="[314,441,758,784]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MB</th>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901B87DAD09B9E590D" box="[656,765,758,784]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.17</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901AD7DAD09DFB590D" box="[960,1176,758,784]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621ADADAD09A9F5910" bold="true" box="[973,1020,758,781]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.47</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901D89DAD09C7B590D" box="[1182,1304,758,784]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-0.10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A99E34DEA8673290182DDB389C7B592A" box="[314,1304,798,823]" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="EA4F5DA2A8673290182DDB3898DA592A" box="[314,441,798,823]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BW</th>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901B87DB389B9E592A" box="[656,765,798,823]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.19</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901AD7DB389DFB592A" box="[960,1176,798,823]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621ADADB389A9F5928" bold="true" box="[973,1020,798,821]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.43</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901D89DB389C7B592A" box="[1182,1304,798,823]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-0.28</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A99E34DEA8673290182DDB639C7B5942" box="[314,1304,837,863]" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="EA4F5DA2A8673290182DDB6398DA5942" box="[314,441,837,863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CM3</th>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901B87DB639B9E5942" box="[656,765,837,863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621BB8DB609BBD5940" bold="true" box="[687,734,838,861]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.35</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901AD7DB639DFB5942" box="[960,1176,837,863]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-0.22</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901D89DB639C7B5942" box="[1182,1304,837,863]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.29</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A99E34DEA8673290182DDB489C7B599A" box="[314,1304,878,903]" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="EA4F5DA2A8673290182DDB4898DA599A" box="[314,441,878,903]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ML</th>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901B87DB489B9E599A" box="[656,765,878,903]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621BB8DB489BBD5998" bold="true" box="[687,734,878,901]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.27</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901AD7DB489DFB599A" box="[960,1176,878,903]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.09</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901D89DB489C7B599A" box="[1182,1304,878,903]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A99E34DEA8673290182DDBB09C7B59A9" box="[314,1304,918,948]" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="EA4F5DA2A8673290182DDBB098DA59A9" box="[314,441,918,948]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CM3</th>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901B87DBB09B9E59A9" box="[656,765,918,948]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621BB8DBB09BBD59B0" bold="true" box="[687,734,918,941]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.34</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901AD7DBB09DFB59A9" box="[960,1176,918,948]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">-0.17</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901D89DBB09C7B59A9" box="[1182,1304,918,948]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621DCBDBB09C6859B0" bold="true" box="[1244,1291,918,941]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.35</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A99E34DEA8673290182DDB989C7B59CA" box="[314,1304,958,983]" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="EA4F5DA2A8673290182DDB9898DA59CA" box="[314,441,958,983]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Eigenvalue</th>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901B87DB989B9E59CA" box="[656,765,958,983]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.0082</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901AD7DB989DFB59CA" box="[960,1176,958,983]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.0006</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901D89DB989C7B59CA" box="[1182,1304,958,983]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.0003</td>
</tr>
<tr id="A99E34DEA8673290182DDBC09C7B59E3" box="[314,1304,998,1022]" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<th id="EA4F5DA2A8673290182DDBC098DA59E3" box="[314,441,998,1022]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">% variance</th>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901B87DBC09B9E59E3" box="[656,765,998,1022]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">86.9</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901AD7DBC09DFB59E3" box="[960,1176,998,1022]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">37.2</td>
<td id="EA4F5DA2A86732901D89DBC09C7B59E3" box="[1182,1304,998,1022]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">19.3</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="5FB46517A867CD6219AADCE0987B5DF7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="1711369CA867CD6219AADCE0980F5EFD" blockId="13.[189,364,1222,1248]" box="[189,364,1222,1248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="4C5981F0A867CD6219AADCE0980F5EFD" bold="true" box="[189,364,1222,1248]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="2">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD6219AADCE0980F5EFD" bold="true" box="[189,364,1222,1248]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Type material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="A7C63CC1A867CD6219FDDCD39AF95FFC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3053684301" collectingDate="2011-05-09" collectionCode="VN, KX" collectorName="Vuong Tan Tu" country="Vietnam" county="Thuan Chau District" elevation="1286" latitude="21.362116" location="Copia Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="103.50937" municipality="Co Ma commune" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="IEBR-VN11-0055" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Son La Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<paragraph id="1711369CA867CD6219FDDCD3983F5F12" blockId="13.[189,1399,1269,1507]" box="[234,348,1269,1295]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="4C5981F0A867CD6219FDDCD3983F5F12" bold="true" box="[234,348,1269,1295]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="6">
<typeStatus id="C815883EA867CD6219FDDCD3983F5F12" box="[234,348,1269,1295]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="holotype">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD6219FDDCD3983F5F12" bold="true" box="[234,348,1269,1295]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Holotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA867CD6219AADD3E9AF95FFC" blockId="13.[189,1399,1269,1507]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<collectingCountry id="6FB9760CA867CD6219AADD3E982A5F2F" box="[189,329,1304,1330]" name="Vietnam" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="01A8FD15A867CD62184EDD3F980C5F2E" box="[345,367,1305,1331]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="12716047A867CD621893DD319BF65F2E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F07878AA866CD601888DE649C175E02:12716047A867CD621893DD319BF65F2E" box="[388,661,1303,1331]" country="Vietnam" county="Thuan Chau District" latitude="21.362116" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="103.50937" municipality="Co Ma commune" name="Copia Nature Reserve" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="Son La Province">Copia Nature Reserve</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="F775ACE6A867CD621BB1DD3E9AE25F2E" box="[678,897,1304,1331]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Co Ma commune</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="FE704E10A867CD621A86DD319DEC5F2C" box="[913,1167,1303,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Thuan Chau District</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="D56AF87EA867CD621DB7DD3E9C115F2C" box="[1184,1394,1303,1331]" country="Vietnam" name="Son La" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Son La Province</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="729A505BA867CD6219AADD1D983D5F4B" box="[189,350,1338,1366]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="1" value="21.362116">21°21.727′ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="729A505BA867CD62187CDD1C9B755F4B" box="[363,534,1338,1366]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="1" value="103.50937">103°30.562′ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="9C83D1AFA867CD621B33DD1C9B1D5F4B" box="[548,638,1338,1366]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.286" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1286.0">
<quantity id="D0569B79A867CD621B33DD1C9B1D5F4B" box="[548,638,1338,1366]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.286" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1286.0">1286 m</quantity>
</elevation>
a.s.l.,
<collectingDate id="7354E9B4A867CD621BDADD1D9A3D5F48" box="[717,862,1339,1366]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2011-05-09">
<date id="6310105CA867CD621BDADD1D9A3D5F48" box="[717,862,1339,1366]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="2011-05-09">9 May 2011</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="BA5B534AA867CD621A7CDD1A9D765F4B" box="[875,1045,1340,1366]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Vuong Tan Tu</collectorName>
leg. (
<specimenCode id="47089EE7A867CD621D4FDD1C9C565F49" box="[1112,1333,1338,1364]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">IEBR-VN11-0055</specimenCode>
; field number Tu.090511.3; tissue code VN11-0055). Body in alcohol, skull removed. Mass:
<quantity id="D0569B79A867CD621D8ADD799DA05F64" box="[1181,1219,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="g" value="4.0">4 g</quantity>
. Measurements (in mm): FA: 27.0; HB: 41.0; Tail: 33.0; Ear: 11.0; GLS: 12.60; CCL: 11.59; UCI: 1.98; CC: 4.06; M3M3: 5.46; IC: 3.97; MB: 7.42; BW: 7.07; CM3: 3.96; ML: 8.64; CM3: 4.22. Accession numbers of mitochondrial and nuclear sequences:
<accessionNumber id="08FDAB7FA867CD621B68DDE19AF55FFC" box="[639,918,1479,1505]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">KX496422–KX496429</accessionNumber>
.
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="A7C63CC1A867CD6219FDDE2C9D7F5C5B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3053684302" collectionCode="MHNG, MNHN" country="Laos" latitude="21.669" location="LAOS" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="102.221" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="MHNG 1926.059, MNHN 2006-90, MNHN 2006-93" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-adult="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Phongsaly Province" typeStatus="paratype">
<paragraph id="1711369CA867CD6219FDDE2C98045C39" blockId="13.[189,1398,1546,1676]" box="[234,359,1546,1572]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="4C5981F0A867CD6219FDDE2C98045C39" bold="true" box="[234,359,1546,1572]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="6">
<typeStatus id="C815883EA867CD6219FDDE2C98045C39" box="[234,359,1546,1572]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD6219FDDE2C98045C39" bold="true" box="[234,359,1546,1572]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Paratypes</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA867CD6219AADE0B9B525C91" blockId="13.[189,1398,1546,1676]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<collectingCountry id="6FB9760CA867CD6219AADE0B986D5C5A" box="[189,270,1581,1607]" name="Laos" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">LAOS</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="01A8FD15A867CD621800DE0B98065C5B" box="[279,357,1580,1607]" count="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="adult">3 adult</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="01A8FD15A867CD62187DDE0B98F55C5A" box="[362,406,1581,1607]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="47089EE7A867CD6218B4DE0B9B175C5B" box="[419,628,1580,1607]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MHNG 1926.059</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="47089EE7A867CD621B69DE0B9A235C5B" box="[638,832,1580,1607]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MNHN 2006-90</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="47089EE7A867CD621A5DDE0B9D6C5C5B" box="[842,1039,1580,1607]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MNHN 2006-93</specimenCode>
),
<materialsCitation id="A7C63CC1A867CD621D36DE0B9B525C91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3053684302" collectionCode="MHNG, MNHN" collectorName="Manuel Ruedi" country="Laos" latitude="21.669" location="Hat Hin, Nam Sing River" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="102.221" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="MHNG 1926.057" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Phongsaly Province" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="01A8FD15A867CD621D36DE0B9D0C5C5B" box="[1057,1135,1580,1607]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="adult">1 adult</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="01A8FD15A867CD621D63DE0B9DE95C5A" box="[1140,1162,1581,1607]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="47089EE7A867CD621D80DE0B9C0A5C5B" box="[1175,1385,1580,1607]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MHNG 1926.057</specimenCode>
),
<location id="12716047A867CD6219AADE7698925C74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F07878AA866CD601888DE649C175E02:12716047A867CD6219AADE7698925C74" box="[189,497,1615,1642]" country="Laos" latitude="21.669" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="102.221" name="Hat Hin, Nam Sing River" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="Phongsaly Province">Hat Hin, Nam Sing River</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="D56AF87EA867CD6218E8DE699B8E5C74" box="[511,749,1615,1641]" country="Laos" name="Phongsali" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Phongsaly Province</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="729A505BA867CD621BECDE769AEE5C77" box="[763,909,1615,1642]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="40.14" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="9" value="21.669">21°40.14′ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="729A505BA867CD621A8CDE699D5B5C77" box="[923,1080,1615,1642]" degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="13.26" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="9" value="102.221">102°13.26′ E</geoCoordinate>
, 2004,
<collectorName id="BA5B534AA867CD621D85DE699C585C74" box="[1170,1339,1615,1641]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Manuel Ruedi</collectorName>
leg., body in alcohol, skull removed.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</materialsCitation>
<paragraph id="1711369CA867CD6219AADE939DDD5CEC" blockId="13.[189,1399,1716,1778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<materialsCitation id="A7C63CC1A867CD6219AADE939DDD5CEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3053684303" collectingDate="2012" collectionCode="IEBR-VN" collectorName="Vuong Tan Tu" country="Vietnam" elevation="1080" latitude="20.7485" location="Hang Kia, Pa Co Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.915" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="IEBR-VN11-1804" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hoa Binh Province" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="6FB9760CA867CD6219AADE93982A5CD2" box="[189,329,1717,1743]" name="Vietnam" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="01A8FD15A867CD621847DE93981A5CD2" box="[336,377,1717,1743]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="47089EE7A867CD621892DE939B015CD2" box="[389,610,1717,1743]" collectionCode="IEBR-VN" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">IEBR-VN11-1804</specimenCode>
),
<location id="12716047A867CD621B64DE939A8B5CD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F07878AA866CD601888DE649C175E02:12716047A867CD621B64DE939A8B5CD2" box="[627,1000,1716,1743]" country="Vietnam" latitude="20.7485" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="104.915" name="Hang Kia, Pa Co Nature Reserve" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" stateProvince="Hoa Binh Province">Hang Kia, Pa Co Nature Reserve</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="D56AF87EA867CD621AE6DE939DAE5CD3" box="[1009,1229,1716,1743]" country="Vietnam" name="Hoa Binh" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hoa Binh Province</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="729A505BA867CD621DC1DE939C115CD2" box="[1238,1394,1716,1743]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="44.910" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="1" value="20.7485">20°44.910′ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="729A505BA867CD6219AADEF198045CEF" box="[189,359,1751,1778]" degrees="104" direction="east" minutes="54.900" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="1" value="104.915">104°54.900′ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="9C83D1AFA867CD621863DEFE98AE5CEF" box="[372,461,1752,1778]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1080.0">
<quantity id="D0569B79A867CD621863DEFE98AE5CEF" box="[372,461,1752,1778]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1080.0">1080 m</quantity>
</elevation>
a.s.l., 2012,
<collectorName id="BA5B534AA867CD621B75DEFE9A6A5CEF" box="[610,777,1752,1778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Vuong Tan Tu</collectorName>
leg., body in alcohol, skull removed.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA867CD6219AADF3E9D2C5D2E" blockId="13.[189,1103,1816,1844]" box="[189,1103,1816,1844]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Accession numbers of DNA sequences for paratypes are given in
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A867CD621AA9DF3E9D2A5D2E" box="[958,1097,1816,1843]" captionStart="Appendix 1" captionStartId="25.[147,269,606,632]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Appendix 1. Taxonomic sampling, geographic origin, genetic markers used (see Material and methods for definitions of acronyms; NA = not available) and specimens that were morphologically examined (ME). Vouchers, if available, are housed in IEBR, MHNG, HNHM, MNHN, CBC, RMNH or ZMA (see Material and methods for explanation of museum acronyms). Abbreviations: NBCA = National Biodiversity Conservation Area; NP = National Park; NR = Nature Reserve; PF = Protected Forest. Question marks (?) refer to examined bats without genetic information." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Appendix 1</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA867CD6219AADF7C98FD5D69" blockId="13.[189,414,1882,1908]" box="[189,414,1882,1908]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="4C5981F0A867CD6219AADF7C98FD5D69" bold="true" box="[189,414,1882,1908]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="2">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD6219AADF7C98FD5D69" bold="true" box="[189,414,1882,1908]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Referred material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA867CD6219AADFAE987B5DF7" blockId="13.[189,1399,1928,2026]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Specimens identified as
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA867CD6218C2DFAC9B035DBF" box="[469,608,1928,1955]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD6218C2DFAC9B035DBF" box="[469,608,1928,1955]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected from Na Don, Phuong Vien, Cho Don (Bac Kan Province) and Na Hang Nature Reserve (Tuyen Quang Province) (
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A867CD621A45DF8A9ABF5DDB" box="[850,988,1964,1990]" captionStart="Appendix 1" captionStartId="25.[147,269,606,632]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Appendix 1. Taxonomic sampling, geographic origin, genetic markers used (see Material and methods for definitions of acronyms; NA = not available) and specimens that were morphologically examined (ME). Vouchers, if available, are housed in IEBR, MHNG, HNHM, MNHN, CBC, RMNH or ZMA (see Material and methods for explanation of museum acronyms). Abbreviations: NBCA = National Biodiversity Conservation Area; NP = National Park; NR = Nature Reserve; PF = Protected Forest. Question marks (?) refer to examined bats without genetic information." pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Appendix 1</figureCitation>
) are also referred to
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA867CD621DC2DF8B9C155DDB" box="[1237,1398,1964,1990]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tonkinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA867CD621DC2DF8B9C155DDB" box="[1237,1398,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. tonkinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A867CD6219AADFF6987B5DF7" box="[189,280,2000,2026]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5FB46517A864CD6119AAD92F9D255940" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="1711369CA864CD6119AAD92F982D5B3E" blockId="14.[189,334,265,291]" box="[189,334,265,291]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="4C5981F0A864CD6119AAD92F982D5B3E" bold="true" box="[189,334,265,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA864CD6119AAD92F982D5B3E" bold="true" box="[189,334,265,291]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA864CD6119AAD91F98D95838" blockId="14.[189,1399,312,549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
A member of the
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA864CD611894D91F9B6F5B4F" box="[387,524,312,338]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA864CD611894D91F9B6F5B4F" box="[387,524,312,338]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex comprising representatives of the Tr3 haplogroup found in northern Indochina. Externally, individuals are small, with a forearm length of 25.1–27.8 mm (
<tableCitation id="5A2C0327A864CD611C1AD97D9C0B5B6B" box="[1293,1384,347,374]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="12.[189,258,266,292]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,398,1332]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Table 2. Selected external and craniodental measurements (in mm) of Tylonycteris spp. Values are given as mean, standard deviation (SD), (n) and min – max. Acronyms and definitions for measurements are given in Material and methods." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43D16614A866CD6319AAD92C9B485B77" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" tableUuid="43D16614A866CD6319AAD92C9B485B77">Table 2</tableCitation>
). The head is dorsoventrally very flattened. Pelage coloration is relatively variable, more or less golden red at the base of the dorsal fur, to dark brown near the tips of the dorsal hairs, and lighter golden brown on the underparts (
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A864CD61188CD9E298815BC3" box="[411,482,452,478]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1828,1854]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,895,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[189,1399,895,1802]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Morphological characteristics of the two nominal species of the genus Tylonycteris Peters, 1872. A. T. pachypus (Temminck, 1840) (corrected taxon name is T. fulvida (Blyth, 1859 )), IEBR-VN 11 - 0 0 15. B. T. robustula Thomas, 1915 (corrected taxon name is T. tonkinensis Tu, Csorba, Ruedi &amp; Hassanin sp. nov.), holotype, IEBR-VN 11 - 0055. Head profiles, ventral and dorsal views, fleshy pads at the base of the thumb and on the sole of the foot, and different views of the skull (dorsal, ventral and lateral). Scale = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291923/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B). The ears have a triangular shape, with broadly rounded tips. The tragus is short and blunt. The wing membranes are dark brown. The base of thumbs and soles of hind feet have fleshy pads (
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A864CD611847DA2D98F55838" box="[336,406,523,549]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1828,1854]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,895,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[189,1399,895,1802]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Morphological characteristics of the two nominal species of the genus Tylonycteris Peters, 1872. A. T. pachypus (Temminck, 1840) (corrected taxon name is T. fulvida (Blyth, 1859 )), IEBR-VN 11 - 0 0 15. B. T. robustula Thomas, 1915 (corrected taxon name is T. tonkinensis Tu, Csorba, Ruedi &amp; Hassanin sp. nov.), holotype, IEBR-VN 11 - 0055. Head profiles, ventral and dorsal views, fleshy pads at the base of the thumb and on the sole of the foot, and different views of the skull (dorsal, ventral and lateral). Scale = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291923/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA864CD6119AADA6A9D255940" blockId="14.[189,1399,588,868]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
The skull is small (GLS: 11.91–12.60 mm), lightly built and very flat (
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A864CD611AF1DA6A9D49587B" box="[998,1066,588,614]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1828,1854]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,895,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[189,1399,895,1802]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Morphological characteristics of the two nominal species of the genus Tylonycteris Peters, 1872. A. T. pachypus (Temminck, 1840) (corrected taxon name is T. fulvida (Blyth, 1859 )), IEBR-VN 11 - 0 0 15. B. T. robustula Thomas, 1915 (corrected taxon name is T. tonkinensis Tu, Csorba, Ruedi &amp; Hassanin sp. nov.), holotype, IEBR-VN 11 - 0055. Head profiles, ventral and dorsal views, fleshy pads at the base of the thumb and on the sole of the foot, and different views of the skull (dorsal, ventral and lateral). Scale = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291923/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B). The rostrum is short. The sagittal crest is absent. The lambdoid crests are well developed. The dental formula is I2/3 C1/1, P1/2, M3/3 = 32. The first upper incisor (I2) is bicuspidate, with small cusps on cingulum. I3 is unicuspidate, about half the height and crown area of I2. The upper canine has a posterior supplementary cusp. A diastema between I3 and the upper canine is clearly visible. The protocones of M1 and M2 are welldeveloped. M2 appreciably exceeds M1 in width, and its width clearly exceeds its length. M3 is relatively smaller and without a metastyle. The three lower incisors are tricuspidate. The first (PM 2) and second (PM4) premolars are approximately equal in height and crown area (
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A864CD611ACBDB659D415940" box="[988,1058,835,861]" captionStart="Fig. 5" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1828,1854]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,895,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[189,1399,895,1802]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 5. Morphological characteristics of the two nominal species of the genus Tylonycteris Peters, 1872. A. T. pachypus (Temminck, 1840) (corrected taxon name is T. fulvida (Blyth, 1859 )), IEBR-VN 11 - 0 0 15. B. T. robustula Thomas, 1915 (corrected taxon name is T. tonkinensis Tu, Csorba, Ruedi &amp; Hassanin sp. nov.), holotype, IEBR-VN 11 - 0055. Head profiles, ventral and dorsal views, fleshy pads at the base of the thumb and on the sole of the foot, and different views of the skull (dorsal, ventral and lateral). Scale = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291923/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="43D16614A864CD6119AADF0298BB5DED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291923/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[189,1399,895,1802]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="1711369CA864CD6119AADF0298BB5DED" blockId="14.[189,1399,1828,2032]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA864CD6119AADF0298695D22" bold="true" box="[189,266,1828,1855]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
Morphological characteristics of the two nominal species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA864CD611D5EDF029C115D22" authority="Peters, 1872" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1872" box="[1097,1394,1828,1856]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA864CD611D5EDF029DBB5D23" box="[1097,1240,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tylonycteris</emphasis>
Peters, 1872
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA864CD6119AADF6E99B15D7F" bold="true" box="[189,210,1864,1890]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA864CD6119F2DF6F9B3F5D7F" authority="Temminck, 1840" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1840" box="[229,604,1864,1890]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachypus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA864CD6119F2DF6F98175D7F" box="[229,372,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. pachypus</emphasis>
(Temminck, 1840)
</taxonomicName>
(corrected taxon name is
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA864CD611A88DF6F9DA95D7F" authority="Blyth, 1859" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1859" box="[927,1226,1864,1890]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvida">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA864CD611A88DF6F9D735D7F" box="[927,1040,1864,1890]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. fulvida</emphasis>
(Blyth, 1859))
</taxonomicName>
, IEBR-VN11- 0 0 15.
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA864CD61181CDF4A987C5D9B" bold="true" box="[267,287,1900,1926]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">B</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA864CD611825DF4A9B1F5D98" authority="Thomas, 1915" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1915" box="[306,636,1899,1925]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA864CD611825DF4A98A05D98" box="[306,451,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. robustula</emphasis>
Thomas, 1915
</taxonomicName>
(corrected taxon name is
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA864CD611AD4DF4A984A5DB5" authority="Tu, Csorba, Ruedi &amp; Hassanin" authorityName="Tu, Csorba, Ruedi &amp; Hassanin" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tonkinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA864CD611AD4DF4A9D0B5D98" box="[963,1128,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">T. tonkinensis</emphasis>
Tu, Csorba, Ruedi &amp; Hassanin
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A864CD611825DFA998F05DB4" box="[306,403,1935,1961]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
), holotype, IEBR-VN11-0055. Head profiles, ventral and dorsal views, fleshy pads at the base of the thumb and on the sole of the foot, and different views of the skull (dorsal, ventral and lateral). Scale = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="5FB46517A865CD6019AAD92C98015893" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="1711369CA865CD6019AAD92C984C5B39" blockId="15.[189,303,266,292]" box="[189,303,266,292]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="4C5981F0A865CD6019AAD92C984C5B39" bold="true" box="[189,303,266,292]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="2">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD6019AAD92C984C5B39" bold="true" box="[189,303,266,292]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA865CD6019AAD91F98015893" blockId="15.[189,1399,312,654]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
In northern Indochina,
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD6018C7D91F9B115B4F" box="[464,626,312,338]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tonkinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD6018C7D91F9B115B4F" box="[464,626,312,338]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. tonkinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A865CD601B6CD91F9BB45B4E" box="[635,727,313,339]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD601D0BD91F9DEF5B4F" box="[1052,1164,312,338]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvida">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601D0BD91F9DEF5B4F" box="[1052,1164,312,338]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. fulvida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD601DDFD91F9C335B4F" box="[1224,1360,313,338]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601DDFD91F9C335B4F" box="[1224,1360,313,338]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. pygmaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its significantly larger body and skull size (
<tableCitation id="5A2C0327A865CD601BDDD97D9A4B5B6B" box="[714,808,347,374]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="12.[189,258,266,292]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,398,1332]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Table 2. Selected external and craniodental measurements (in mm) of Tylonycteris spp. Values are given as mean, standard deviation (SD), (n) and min – max. Acronyms and definitions for measurements are given in Material and methods." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/43D16614A866CD6319AAD92C9B485B77" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="43D16614A866CD6319AAD92C9B485B77">Table 2</tableCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A865CD601A2FD97D9AC75B68" box="[824,932,347,373]" captionStart-0="Fig. 4" captionStart-1="Fig. 5" captionStartId-0="11.[189,232,1787,1813]" captionStartId-1="14.[189,232,1828,1854]" captionTargetBox-0="[307,1239,270,1753]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1399,895,1802]" captionTargetId-0="figure@11.[278,1309,246,1760]" captionTargetId-1="figure@14.[189,1399,895,1802]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionText-0="Fig. 4. Scatter plots obtained from morphological analyses of Tylonycteris spp. A. Range of GLS measurements of specimens within each group of Tylonycteris spp. B. Range of PC * 1 scores of specimens of Tylonycteris spp. obtained from PCA of log-transformed raw data of craniodental measurements. C. Plot of PC 1 against PC 2 obtained from PCA on log-transformed standardized data. Triangles and circles refer to T. pachypus s. lat. and T. robustula s. lat., respectively. Colour patterns indicate the mtDNA haplogroups: green for Tp 3 and Tr 3 (northern Indochina); blue for Tp 2 and Tr 2 (other regions of the Southeast Asian mainland); red for Tp 1 and Tr 1 (Sundaland)." captionText-1="Fig. 5. Morphological characteristics of the two nominal species of the genus Tylonycteris Peters, 1872. A. T. pachypus (Temminck, 1840) (corrected taxon name is T. fulvida (Blyth, 1859 )), IEBR-VN 11 - 0 0 15. B. T. robustula Thomas, 1915 (corrected taxon name is T. tonkinensis Tu, Csorba, Ruedi &amp; Hassanin sp. nov.), holotype, IEBR-VN 11 - 0055. Head profiles, ventral and dorsal views, fleshy pads at the base of the thumb and on the sole of the foot, and different views of the skull (dorsal, ventral and lateral). Scale = 10 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291922" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291923" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/291922/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/291923/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs 4–5</figureCitation>
; see
<bibRefCitation id="733F4B6DA865CD601AF4D97A9DCF5B6B" author="Feng Q. &amp; Li S. &amp; Wang Y." box="[995,1196,347,374]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Science" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="225 - 234" part="25" refId="ref13005" refString="Feng Q., Li S. &amp; Wang Y. 2008. A new species of bamboo bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Tylonycteris) from Southwestern China. Zoological Science 25 (2): 225 - 234. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2108 / zsj. 25.225" title="A new species of bamboo bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae: Tylonycteris) from Southwestern China" type="journal article" year="2008">
Feng
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601D3FD97A9D3C5B68" box="[1064,1119,347,373]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
for comparisons with
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD6019EED9A698E35B84" box="[249,384,384,409]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD6019EED9A698E35B84" box="[249,384,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. pygmaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), by K2P distances of at least 12% for
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601A59D9589AE65B85" box="[846,901,382,408]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cytb</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601AD7D9599A905B84" box="[960,1011,383,409]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">COI</emphasis>
sequences and by K2P distances of at least 1.5% for the concatenation of the seven nuclear genes (5604 nt) (
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A865CD601D46D9879D825BA6" box="[1105,1249,417,443]" captionStart="Appendix 5" captionStartId="32.[146,268,523,549]" captionTargetId="graphics@32.[193,1899,752,1764]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Appendix 5. Inter- and intraspecific genetic variations (% K 2 P; mean, minimum and maximum in percentages) calculated for COI, Cytb and nuDNA gene sequences among bats of the genus Tylonycteris Peters, 1872. Abbreviations: Tp = Tylonycteris pachypus (Temminck, 1840); Tr = Tylonycteris robustula Thomas, 1915; a = K 2 P distance calculated from alignments of 728 nt and 291 nt (*) of COI; b = K 2 P distance calculated from alignments of 1140 nt of Cytb; c = K 2 P distances calculated from alignment of the concatenation of seven nuclear genes (5604 nt, nuDNA); NA = not applicable. Intraspecific distances within each geographic population are indicated in bold." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Appendix 5</figureCitation>
). Within the
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD6019AAD9E098295BC3" box="[189,330,452,479]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD6019AAD9E098295BC3" box="[189,330,452,479]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex,
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD6018DED9E09B0F5BC3" box="[457,620,452,479]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tonkinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD6018DED9E09B0F5BC3" box="[457,620,452,479]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. tonkinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A865CD601B62D9E09BB25BFD" box="[629,721,454,480]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is morphologically overlapping with
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD601D83D9E09C425BC3" box="[1172,1313,452,479]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robustula">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601D83D9E09C425BC3" box="[1172,1313,452,479]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. robustula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, found in Sumatra, and
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD60189FD9CF9B7F581F" box="[392,540,488,514]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malayana">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD60189FD9CF9B7F581F" box="[392,540,488,514]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. malayana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(= Tr2 haplogroup), collected from the Southeast Asian mainland, but differs from the first taxon by K2P distances of at least 5.2% in
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601ABADA2A9A83583B" box="[941,992,524,550]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">COI</emphasis>
sequences (
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A865CD601D79DA2D9D995838" box="[1134,1274,523,549]" captionStart="Appendix 5" captionStartId="32.[146,268,523,549]" captionTargetId="graphics@32.[193,1899,752,1764]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Appendix 5. Inter- and intraspecific genetic variations (% K 2 P; mean, minimum and maximum in percentages) calculated for COI, Cytb and nuDNA gene sequences among bats of the genus Tylonycteris Peters, 1872. Abbreviations: Tp = Tylonycteris pachypus (Temminck, 1840); Tr = Tylonycteris robustula Thomas, 1915; a = K 2 P distance calculated from alignments of 728 nt and 291 nt (*) of COI; b = K 2 P distance calculated from alignments of 1140 nt of Cytb; c = K 2 P distances calculated from alignment of the concatenation of seven nuclear genes (5604 nt, nuDNA); NA = not applicable. Intraspecific distances within each geographic population are indicated in bold." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Appendix 5</figureCitation>
) and from the latter by K2P distances of at least 5.5%, 8.6% and 0.4% calculated from
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601D43DA099DE45854" box="[1108,1159,559,585]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">COI</emphasis>
sequences (657 nt),
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD6019AADA7799975876" box="[189,244,593,619]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cytb</emphasis>
sequences (1140 nt) and the concatenation of seven nuclear DNA sequences (5604 nt), respectively (
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A865CD6019D2DA5298305893" box="[197,339,628,654]" captionStart="Appendix 5" captionStartId="32.[146,268,523,549]" captionTargetId="graphics@32.[193,1899,752,1764]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Appendix 5. Inter- and intraspecific genetic variations (% K 2 P; mean, minimum and maximum in percentages) calculated for COI, Cytb and nuDNA gene sequences among bats of the genus Tylonycteris Peters, 1872. Abbreviations: Tp = Tylonycteris pachypus (Temminck, 1840); Tr = Tylonycteris robustula Thomas, 1915; a = K 2 P distance calculated from alignments of 728 nt and 291 nt (*) of COI; b = K 2 P distance calculated from alignments of 1140 nt of Cytb; c = K 2 P distances calculated from alignment of the concatenation of seven nuclear genes (5604 nt, nuDNA); NA = not applicable. Intraspecific distances within each geographic population are indicated in bold." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Appendix 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5FB46517A865CD6019AADA919A1459B3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="1711369CA865CD6019AADA9198DB58CD" blockId="15.[189,1399,694,944]" box="[189,440,694,721]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="4C5981F0A865CD6019AADA9198DB58CD" bold="true" box="[189,440,694,721]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="6">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD6019AADA9198DB58CD" bold="true" box="[189,440,694,721]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ecology and habitat</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA865CD6019AADAC29A1459B3" blockId="15.[189,1399,694,944]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Like other species of
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD6018AFDAC29B2458E3" box="[440,583,740,766]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD6018AFDAC29B2458E3" box="[440,583,740,766]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tylonycteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD601B42DAC09B9658E3" box="[597,757,740,767]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tonkinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601B42DAC09B9658E3" box="[597,757,740,767]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. tonkinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3EE957F5A865CD601BEBDAC09A35591D" box="[764,854,742,768]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is associated with woody bamboo groves. The new species is usually found in sympatry with the smaller species
<taxonomicName id="D0AE4D1FA865CD601ACEDB2F9D2B593F" box="[985,1096,776,802]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Tylonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fulvida">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD601ACEDB2F9D2B593F" box="[985,1096,776,802]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">T. fulvida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A865CD601D4CDB2E9DC2593F" box="[1115,1185,776,802]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[255,1337,265,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[225,1363,249,1829]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. A – B. Maps of Asia showing the distribution range (shaded) and type localities of described subspecies of T. pachypus (Temminck, 1840) and T. robustula Thomas, 1915 (Bates et al. 2008 a, 2008 b). C. Localities of Tylonycteris specimens included in this study. Triangles and circles refer to T. pachypus and T. robustula, respectively; the colours indicate the mtDNA haplogroups found in the Bayesian analyses of COI and Cytb sequences (see Fig. 2 for details)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291920/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). In northwestern Vietnam, bats of the new species were captured in mist-nests set near bamboo groves in forest edges adjacent to rural-residential areas at relatively high elevations, e.g., at 1010 m a.s.l in Hang Kia, Pa Co Nature Reserve (Hoa Binh Province) or at 1286 m a.s.l in its type locality. In Laos, the known localities are found at lower elevations, between 500 and 800 m a.s.l.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5FB46517A865CD6019AADBF09C175E02" box="[189,1396,982,1056]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1711369CA865CD6019AADBF0983559ED" blockId="15.[189,342,982,1008]" box="[189,342,982,1008]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="4C5981F0A865CD6019AADBF0983559ED" bold="true" box="[189,342,982,1008]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="2">
<emphasis id="25DAEA8EA865CD6019AADBF0983559ED" bold="true" box="[189,342,982,1008]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1711369CA865CD6019AADC229C175E02" blockId="15.[189,1396,1028,1056]" box="[189,1396,1028,1056]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Currently, the new species is known to occur in north-eastern Laos and northern Vietnam only (
<figureCitation id="8F952A19A865CD601C09DC229C015E02" box="[1310,1378,1028,1055]" captionStart="Fig. 1" captionStartId="2.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[255,1337,265,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[225,1363,249,1829]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. A – B. Maps of Asia showing the distribution range (shaded) and type localities of described subspecies of T. pachypus (Temminck, 1840) and T. robustula Thomas, 1915 (Bates et al. 2008 a, 2008 b). C. Localities of Tylonycteris specimens included in this study. Triangles and circles refer to T. pachypus and T. robustula, respectively; the colours indicate the mtDNA haplogroups found in the Bayesian analyses of COI and Cytb sequences (see Fig. 2 for details)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.291920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/291920/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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