<documentid="C4A6946FDB9A701B8F31737B77F3D539"ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad140"ID-ISSN="0024-4082"ID-Zenodo-Dep="13220046"ID-ZooBank="F6E6171-16B7-43DA-A064-6D13AFD99FC1"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar"IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar"checkinTime="1722844718276"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Han, Yuru, Zhou, Yadong, Chen, Chong & Wang, Yueyun"docDate="2024"docId="9C126744BA6DFFF3FC119224DC48C780"docLanguage="en"docName="zlad140.pdf"docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 201 (2)"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad140"docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.6:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article"docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C"docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="6"docTitle="Levensteiniella pettiboneae Han, Zhou, Chen & Wang, 2024, sp.nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="3"lastPageNumber="294"masterDocId="602B1F3CBA6FFFF7FFD39454DF36C622"masterDocTitle="Diversity and biogeography of scale worms in the subfamily Lepidonotopodinae (Annelida: Polynoidae) from Indian Ocean hydrothermal vents with descriptions of four new species"masterLastPageNumber="304"masterPageNumber="290"pageNumber="292"updateTime="1723569002591"updateUser="valdenar">
<mods:titleid="28389956EFB1D26F3302E38D7DAEFB59">Diversity and biogeography of scale worms in the subfamily Lepidonotopodinae (Annelida: Polynoidae) from Indian Ocean hydrothermal vents with descriptions of four new species</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="79E210A284AA6DB20DC2FA91DFC47DBF">Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="F90C18403BC9D79E7578FB93AF1629F3">Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="AC3B402957F12BB29810C1EABF7563E7">Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="D3BBADD1BA6DFFF5FC119224DBFCC0A9"ID-CoL="BV3M5"authorityName="Han & Zhou & Chen & Wang"authorityYear="2024"box="[962,1226,1648,1675]"class="Polychaeta"family="Polynoidae"genus="Levensteiniella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Phyllodocida"pageId="2"pageNumber="292"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="pettiboneae"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6DFFF5FB8192F7DBBDC09F"box="[1106,1163,1699,1725]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="292">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="702AABA3BA6DFFF5FBE09376DBE1C118"author="Zhou Y & Chen C & Zhang D"box="[1075,1239,1826,1850]"pageId="2"pageNumber="292"pagination="2858 - 70"refId="ref13789"refString="Zhou Y, Chen C, Zhang D et al. Delineating biogeographic regions in Indian Ocean deep-sea vents and implications for conservation. Diversity and Distribution 2022; 28: 2858 - 70."type="journal article"year="2022">
with oval prostomium; iridescent elytra 11 pairs, with micropapillae on posterior and lateral border; 10 pairs of inconspicuous rounded ventral papillae on segments 11–20 on female; two pairs of long ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 on male.
<taxonomicNameid="D3BBADD1BA6CFFF4FF0E9111DEFFC37F"authorityName="Han & Zhou & Chen & Wang"authorityYear="2024"box="[221,457,1349,1373]"class="Polychaeta"family="Polynoidae"genus="Levensteiniella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Phyllodocida"pageId="3"pageNumber="293"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="pettiboneae"status="sp. nov.">
Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217. Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm.
<collectingDateid="7041097ABA6CFFF4FCEA9201DCD6C04E"box="[825,992,1620,1645]"pageId="3"pageNumber="293"value="2015-01-03">3 January 2015</collectingDate>
<collectingDateid="7041097ABA6CFFF4FAD79286DA88C0C8"box="[1284,1470,1746,1770]"pageId="3"pageNumber="293"value="2015-01-11">11 January 2015</collectingDate>
<collectingDateid="7041097ABA6CFFF4FBFA9364DBE1C16A"box="[1065,1239,1840,1864]"pageId="3"pageNumber="293"value="2017-03-14">14 March 2017</collectingDate>
<collectingDateid="7041097ABA6CFFF4FC3E93DADB84C184"box="[1005,1202,1934,1958]"pageId="3"pageNumber="293"value="2016-02-15">15 February 2016</collectingDate>
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FFAF94FBDFD5C6E5"box="[124,227,175,199]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). Elytra 11 pairs, subreniform (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FDE194FBDD48C6E5"box="[562,638,175,199]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
), iridescent when fresh and pale white in ethanol, attached on prominent elytrophores on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, alternating to 21 (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FD7394BADDDFC724"box="[672,745,238,262]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
), with micropapillae on posterior and lateral border, which can only be seen under SEM (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FEA99579DEF3C767"box="[378,453,301,325]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FE2C9518DD7FC746"box="[511,585,332,356]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Anterior lobes subtriangle, with delicate frontal filaments (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FD95953FDDA7C7A1"box="[582,657,363,387]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Median antenna with short, cylindrical ceratophore inserted into anterior notch; style subulate, with a long, terminal filament (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FFAF959DDFF1C7C3"box="[124,199,457,481]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Palps stout, cylindrical, and tapering with terminal filaments. Eyes lacking (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FEA495BDDEE9C422"box="[375,479,489,513]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2E, F</figureCitation>
). First segment achaetous ventrally fused to prostomium, with two pairs of short, cylindrical tentaculophores; tentacular cirri conical, long, and stout with slender filaments (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FE7D9612DD23C47C"box="[430,533,582,607]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2E, F</figureCitation>
). Segment 2 with biramous parapodia bearing the first pair of elytra (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FD499632DDD1C45C"box="[666,743,614,638]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
); ventral cirri morphologically similar to tentacular cirri and attached basally to neuropodia, much longer than ventral cirri on following segments (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FE509690DEE5C4FE"box="[387,467,708,732]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). Mouth ventrally located between segments 1 and 2 (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FE7396B7DEDDC4D9"box="[416,491,739,763]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). Pharynx when everted, surrounded by seven pairs of papillae on dorsal and ventral sides, as well as one pair of rounded papillae on lateral sides (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FFAF9715DFFDC57B"box="[124,203,833,857]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). Two pairs of curved jaws without teeth at opening of pharynx (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FF279734DE74C55B"box="[244,322,864,889]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
Biramous parapodia with neuropodium about as long as notopodium (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FED297CBDE57C595"box="[257,353,927,951]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2K, L</figureCitation>
). Notopodium with rows of notochaetae (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FFAF97EADFD3C5F4"box="[124,229,958,983]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2H, L</figureCitation>
). Neuropodium with triangle projecting prechaetal lobe (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FF62978ADFCCC5D4"box="[177,250,990,1014]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2L</figureCitation>
) and short, rounded postchaetal lobe (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FD4E978ADDDCC5D4"box="[669,746,990,1014]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
). Tapering dorsal cirri with long, cylindrical cirrophores attached on posterior dorsal side of notopodia on non-elytrigerous segments (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FF359068DE6DC271"box="[230,347,1084,1108]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2H, K</figureCitation>
). Rows of notochaetae stout, tapering to pointed tips with serrations in distal part (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FDA1900FDDDCC251"box="[626,746,1115,1139]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2L, M</figureCitation>
). Neurochaetae very numerous, forming fan-shaped bundle (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FD07902EDF9FC293"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2K, L</figureCitation>
) with two rows of widely-spaced acicular spines to hooked tips on both sides (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FEE790EDDEB6C2F3"box="[308,384,1209,1233]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2N</figureCitation>
Pygidium small, rounded, anal cirri lost during collection (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FFAF90ACDFE8C32D"box="[124,222,1272,1296]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). Ten pairs of inconspicuous rounded papillae in segments
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FE539143DEF6C30D"box="[384,448,1303,1327]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
On male, two pairs of long, ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12, which extend to the following three segments (
<figureCitationid="8C80CAD7BA6BFFF3FD4C9121DDD6C3AF"box="[671,736,1397,1421]"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="3.[129,194,1349,1373]"captionTargetBox="[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetId="figure-227@3.[129,1473,142,1321]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Figure 2. Levensteiniella pettiboneae sp. nov. Holotype (RSIO35217, female) in dorsal (A) and ventral views (B); C, D, left elytron from segment 7 of the holotype RSIO35217 in dorsal view; head and anterior segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (E) view and ventral (F) view; anterior (G) view of pharynx of paratype RSIO35290; segments of paratype RSIO35219 in dorsal (H) view; ventral (I) view of female ventral papillae on segments 12–16 of holotype RSIO35217; ventral (J) view of male ventral papillae on segments 11 and 12 of paratype RSIO35221; posterior view (upper position) and anterior view (lower position) of right parapodia from holotype RSIO35217 segment 6 (K); anterior (L) view of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; M, notochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217; N, neurochaetae of segment 6 on holotype RSIO35217.Scale bars: A, B = 5mm, C, E, F, H–L = 0.5 mm, D, M = 100 μm, G = 0.1 mm, N = 30 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13220050"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13220050/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="294">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
. The combination of these two features can separate
<taxonomicNameid="D3BBADD1BA6BFFF3FE33929EDDCCC0C0"authorityName="Han & Zhou & Chen & Wang"authorityYear="2024"box="[480,762,1738,1762]"class="Polychaeta"family="Polynoidae"genus="Levensteiniella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Phyllodocida"pageId="4"pageNumber="294"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="pettiboneae"status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicNameid="D3BBADD1BA6BFFF3FDB192BDDEFFC102"authority="Wu and Xu, 2018"authorityName="Wu and Xu"authorityYear="2018"class="Polychaeta"family="Polynoidae"genus="Levensteiniella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Phyllodocida"pageId="4"pageNumber="294"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="manusensis">
<bibRefCitationid="702AABA3BA6BFFF3FF26935DDEFFC102"author="Wu X & Xu K"box="[245,457,1800,1824]"pageId="4"pageNumber="294"pagination="102 - 10"refId="ref13367"refString="Wu X, Xu K. Levensteiniella manusensis sp. nov., a new polychaete species (Annelida: Polynoidae) from deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Manus Back-Arc Basin, Western Pacific. Zootaxa 2018; 4388: 102 - 10."type="journal article"year="2018">Wu and Xu, 2018</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicNameid="D3BBADD1BA6BFFF3FDDE935CDEEAC162"authority="Hourdez and Desbruyeres, 2000"authorityName="Hourdez and Desbruyeres"authorityYear="2000"class="Polychaeta"family="Polynoidae"genus="Levensteiniella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Phyllodocida"pageId="4"pageNumber="294"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="plicata">
<bibRefCitationid="702AABA3BA6BFFF3FFA2937CDEEAC162"author="Hourdez S & Desbruyeres D"box="[113,476,1832,1856]"pageId="4"pageNumber="294"pagination="97 - 102"refId="ref11682"refString="Hourdez S, Desbruyeres D. A new species of scale-worm (Polychaeta: Polynoidae), Levensteiniella plicata sp. nov., from the East Pacific Rise. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 2000; 41: 97 - 102."type="journal article"year="2000">Hourdez and Desbruyères, 2000</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="702AABA3BA6BFFF3FF089313DEA5C17D"author="Pettibone MH"box="[219,403,1863,1887]"pageId="4"pageNumber="294"pagination="740 - 57"refId="ref12446"refString="Pettibone MH. New genera and species of deep-sea Macellicephalinae and Harmothoinae (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from the hydrothermal rift areas off the Galapagos and western Mexico at 21 ° N and from Santa Catalina Channel. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 1985 a; 98: 740 - 57."type="journal article"year="1985">Pettibone 1985a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, which resemble the new species in elytra-bearing micropapillae in posterior and lateral parts, and two pairs of long, ventral papillae on the male (
<bibRefCitationid="702AABA3BA6BFFF3FFAE93F1DE02C19F"author="Pettibone MH"box="[125,308,1957,1981]"pageId="4"pageNumber="294"pagination="740 - 57"refId="ref12446"refString="Pettibone MH. New genera and species of deep-sea Macellicephalinae and Harmothoinae (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from the hydrothermal rift areas off the Galapagos and western Mexico at 21 ° N and from Santa Catalina Channel. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 1985 a; 98: 740 - 57."type="journal article"year="1985">Pettibone 1985a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="702AABA3BA6BFFF3FE9593F1DE4BC19F"author="Pettibone MH"box="[326,381,1957,1981]"pageId="4"pageNumber="294"pagination="137 - 53"refId="ref12581"refString="Pettibone MH. New species of scale-worms (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from the hydrothermal rift-area of the Mariana Back-arc Basin in the Western Central Pacific. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 1989; 102: 137 - 53."type="journal article"year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
,
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<taxonomicNameid="D3BBADD1BA6BFFF3FB48949ADA85C6C4"authorityName="Han & Zhou & Chen & Wang"authorityYear="2024"box="[1179,1459,206,230]"class="Polychaeta"family="Polynoidae"genus="Levensteiniella"kingdom="Animalia"order="Phyllodocida"pageId="4"pageNumber="294"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="pettiboneae"status="sp. nov.">
(13–16, mostly seven pairs), while there is an additional pair of lateral papillae in the new species in addition to the seven pairs on the dorsal and ventral sides (
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