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<document id= "D7D71898DFE342BAA89236D0B0B89EB2" ID-DOI= "10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206" ID-Zenodo-Dep= "14111022" IM.bibliography_approvedBy= "felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy= "felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy= "felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy= "felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor= "plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy= "felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy= "felipe" checkinTime= "1634280027544" checkinUser= "donat" docAuthor= "Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate= "2021" docId= "03B787F6FFF79B5461F87DEEFB47F940" docLanguage= "en" docName= "2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin= "Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle= "Thelypteridaceae" docType= "key" docVersion= "3" lastPageNumber= "21" masterDocId= "FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle= "A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber= "20" updateTime= "1731444927364" updateUser= "ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document= "CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0" >
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<mods:title id= "9551F286ECCEA88C66DCDFF4A5F65EF3" > A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id= "F9416F36A3FDD1534039DD8B3BFDB463" type= "personal" >
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<mods:namePart id= "83F9134E169B299AD37B7015D578AB68" > Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id= "1B17E546DE8EAA17D78B58212DC846A9" > Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id= "028A0B3BFFAD4923BC1DAF53E4BF480A" > 2021</mods:dateIssued>
<mods:publisher id= "EA200DB8C7BDEB27DD02AC50FA0038CD" > BRIT Press</mods:publisher>
<mods:place id= "97B588CEB55B63B387602EF665214AE7" >
<mods:placeTerm id= "F6A05513593ECDAF8BCFDBE01F82FA9E" > Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm>
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<treatment id= "03B787F6FFF79B5461F87DEEFB47F940" LSID= "urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFF79B5461F87DEEFB47F940" httpUri= "http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFF79B5461F87DEEFB47F940" lastPageId= "31" lastPageNumber= "21" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
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<subSubSection id= "C304656BFFF79B5561F87DEEFCF1FF02" box= "[467,854,167,185]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" type= "nomenclature" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5561F87DEEFCF1FF02" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[467,854,167,185]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<heading id= "D0E9818CFFF79B5561F87DEEFCF1FF02" box= "[467,854,167,185]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
KEY TO GENERA OF
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B5562BD7DE1FCF1FF02" ID-CoL= "626PQ" box= "[662,854,168,185]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "family" > THELYPTERIDACEAE</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id= "C304656BFFF79B54604A7D83FB47F940" lastPageId= "31" lastPageNumber= "21" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" type= "key" >
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B55604A7D83FDC7FD90" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B55604A7D83FD7AFF60" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[97,733,202,219]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B55604A7D83FD7AFF60" box= "[97,733,202,219]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > 1. Adaxial costae not grooved;veins terminating before reaching laminar margins.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B55604A7F53FDC7FD90" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[97,608,538,555]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B55604A7F53FDFAFD90" box= "[97,605,538,555]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > 1. Adaxial costae grooved;veins mostly reaching laminar margins</keyLead>
.
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B5560587DABFEB6FE98" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560587DABFB6EFF48" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[115,1225,226,243]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560587DABFB6EFF48" box= "[115,1225,226,243]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
2. Laminae ovate to lanceolate;sori indusiate;scales restricted to stipe bases ________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B55646F7DABFB6EFF48" box= "[1092,1225,226,243]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Metathelypteris" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B55646F7DABFB6EFF48" bold= "true" box= "[1092,1225,226,243]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Metathelypteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560587DB3FEB6FE98" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560587DB3FEB6FE98" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
2. Laminae deltate,ovate,or lanceolate;sori exindusiate or with very small indusia <
<quantity id= "4CE69B05FFF79B55632B7DB3FC8AFEB0" box= "[768,813,250,267]" metricMagnitude= "-3" metricUnit= "m" metricValue= "3.0" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" unit= "mm" value= "3.0" > 3 mm</quantity>
diam.;scales sometimes present on stipes and costae.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B5560AD7C63FBFDFEE8" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560AD7C63FB6EFE80" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[134,1225,298,315]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560AD7C63FB6EFE80" box= "[134,1225,298,315]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
3. Sori exindusiate,linear to elongate;sporangial capsules densely setulose;veins mostly simple;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B5563597C63FCDDFE80" box= "[882,890,298,315]" italics= "true" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > x</emphasis>
= 36 __________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B5564787C63FB6EFE80" box= "[1107,1225,298,315]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B5564787C63FB6EFE80" bold= "true" box= "[1107,1225,298,315]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Leptogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560AD7C0BFBFDFEE8" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[134,1114,322,339]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560AD7C0BFBFDFEE8" box= "[134,1114,322,339]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
3. Sori indusiate or exindusiate,round to slightly oblong; sporangia glabrous or with few setae;veins mostly forking;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B5564277C0BFBB3FEE8" box= "[1036,1044,322,339]" italics= "true" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > x</emphasis>
= 30,31.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B5560B27C13FD3BFE08" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560B27C13FB6FFE38" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560B27C13FB6FFE38" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
4. Medial pinnae mostly adnate;laminae pinnatifid or pinnate-pinnatifid; stipe scales with marginal setae;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B5563FA7C13FC7EFED0" box= "[977,985,346,363]" italics= "true" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > x</emphasis>
= 30;temperate or paleotropical-montane ________________________________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B5564487C3BFB6FFE38" box= "[1123,1224,370,387]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Phegopteris" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B5564487C3BFB6FFE38" bold= "true" box= "[1123,1224,370,387]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Phegopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560B27CC3FD3BFE08" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560B27CC3FD3BFE08" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
4. Medial pinnae free (adnate only towards frond apices);laminae pinnate-pinnatifid to bipinnate or more divided;stipe scales with marginal and surperficial setae;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B5561D17CEBFDA5FE08" box= "[506,514,418,435]" italics= "true" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > x</emphasis>
= 31; paleotropical.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B5560807CF3FB6FFDA8" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560807CF3FB6EFE58" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560807CF3FB6EFE58" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
5. Medial pinnae mostly opposite; sori exindusiate; stipe scales brown, and of uniform thickness; hairs on laminae unicellular____________________________________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B55640D7C9BFB6EFE58" box= "[1062,1225,466,483]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pseudophegopteris" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF,IPNI" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B55640D7C9BFB6EFE58" bold= "true" box= "[1062,1225,466,483]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Pseudophegopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560807CA3FB6FFDA8" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560807CA3FB6FFDA8" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
5. Medial pinnae mostly alternate;sori indusiate or exindusiate; stipe scales typically pale and thickened at base;hairs on laminae often septate ____________________________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B5564117F4BFB6FFDA8" box= "[1082,1224,514,531]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Macrothelypteris" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B5564117F4BFB6FFDA8" bold= "true" box= "[1082,1224,514,531]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Macrothelypteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B5560587F7BFC7EF988" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560587F7BFF70FDF8" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[115,215,562,579]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560587F7BFF70FDF8" box= "[115,215,562,579]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > 6. Veins free.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560587B6BFC7EF988" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[115,985,1570,1587]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560587B6BFC7EF988" box= "[115,985,1570,1587]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > 6. Veins connivent at or near sinuses,or anastomosing below the sinuses and forming an excurrent vein to sinus.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B5560AD7F03FD4FFCA0" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560AD7F03FDEEFDE0" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[134,585,586,603]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560AD7F03FDEEFDE0" box= "[134,585,586,603]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > 7. Three or more pairs of proximal pinnae greatly reduced.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560AD7E43FD4FFCA0" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[134,744,778,795]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560AD7E43FD4FFCA0" box= "[134,744,778,795]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > 7. Fewer than three pairs of proximal pinnae greatly reduced,or none reduced.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B5560B27F2BFE17FD00" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560B27F2BFB6EFD30" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560B27F2BFB6EFD30" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
8. Proximal pinnae abruptly reduced to a series of auricles subtended by peg-like aerophores; strictly paleotropical ________________________________________________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B55641F7F33FB6EFD30" box= "[1076,1225,634,651]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pseudocyclosorus" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B55641F7F33FB6EFD30" bold= "true" box= "[1076,1225,634,651]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Pseudocyclosorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560B27FDBFE17FD00" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560B27FDBFE17FD00" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > 8. Proximal pinnae gradually reduced,rarely abruptly reduced to auricles subtended by peg-like aerophores;mostly neotropical,temperate,or boreal.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B5560807F8BFB6EFCB8" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560807F8BFB6EFD68" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[171,1225,706,723]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560807F8BFB6EFD68" box= "[171,1225,706,723]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
9. Stipe scales with papillose outgrowths along margins;boreal and paleotropical-montane;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B55635E7F8BFCDAFD68" box= "[885,893,706,723]" italics= "true" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > x</emphasis>
= 34 _____________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B55645B7F8BFB6EFD68" baseAuthorityName= "Holub" baseAuthorityYear= "1969" box= "[1136,1225,706,723]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Oreopteris" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B55645B7F8BFB6EFD68" bold= "true" box= "[1136,1225,706,723]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Oreopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560807F93FB6EFCB8" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560807F93FB6EFCB8" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
9. Stipe scales various, often marginally setulose; mostly neotropical, subtropical, or north-temperate;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B5563C07F93FC54FD50" box= "[1003,1011,730,747]" italics= "true" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > x</emphasis>
= 27, 29, 31 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B5564707FBBFB6EFCB8" box= "[1115,1225,754,771]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Amauropelta" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B5564707FBBFB6EFCB8" bold= "true" box= "[1115,1225,754,771]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Amauropelta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B5560B27E6BFCC9FBB0" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560B27E6BFC8AFC88" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[153,813,802,819]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560B27E6BFC8AFC88" box= "[153,813,802,819]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > 10. Fronds winter-deciduous;plants mostly of temperate regions;rhizomes creeping.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560B27EB3FCC9FBB0" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[153,878,1018,1035]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560B27EB3FCC9FBB0" box= "[153,878,1018,1035]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > 10. Fronds not winter-deciduous;plants of tropical and subtropical regions;rhizomes various.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B55609D7E73FDE2FC28" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B55609D7E73FB6EFCD8" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B55609D7E73FB6EFCD8" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
11. Fronds weakly dimorphic; ovate scales present on abaxial costae; veins often forked; laminar glands lacking;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B5564027E73FB96FCF0" box= "[1065,1073,826,843]" italics= "true" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > x</emphasis>
= 35 __________________________________________________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B5564407E1BFB6EFCD8" box= "[1131,1225,850,867]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Thelypteris" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B5564407E1BFB6EFCD8" bold= "true" box= "[1131,1225,850,867]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Thelypteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B55609D7E23FDE2FC28" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B55609D7E23FDE2FC28" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
11. Fronds monomorphic;scales absent on abaxial costae;veins almost always simple;sessile or stipitate glands sometimes present on lamina;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B5561EA7ECBFE6EFC28" box= "[449,457,898,915]" italics= "true" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > x</emphasis>
= 27, 31, 32,33.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B5560F87ED3FB6EFC48" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560F87ED3FB6EFC78" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560F87ED3FB6EFC78" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
12. Pinna segments subentire, often tapering, oblique to costae and apices acute; glands absent or orange-yellow, spherical or hemispherical;most spp.
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B55623F7EFBFDBBFC78" box= "[532,540,946,963]" italics= "true" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > x</emphasis>
= 27, 31 ______________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B5564707EFBFB6EFC78" box= "[1115,1225,946,963]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Amauropelta" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B5564707EFBFB6EFC78" bold= "true" box= "[1115,1225,946,963]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Amauropelta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560F87E83FB6EFC48" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560F87E83FB6EFC48" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
12. Pinna segments entire, parallel sided, nearly perpendicular to costae and apices rounded or truncate; glands usually reddish,viscid and hemispherical;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B55621E7EABFD9AFC48" box= "[565,573,994,1011]" italics= "true" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > x</emphasis>
= 31,32,33_______________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B55647A7EABFB6EFC48" box= "[1105,1225,994,1011]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Coryphopteris" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B55647A7EABFB6EFC48" bold= "true" box= "[1105,1225,994,1011]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Coryphopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B55609D795BFCF3FB80" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B55609D795BFB6EFB98" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[182,1225,1042,1059]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B55609D795BFB6EFB98" box= "[182,1225,1042,1059]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
13. Plants mostly of rocky riverbeds and streamsides;rhizomes (caudices) erect;spores trilete _____________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B556472795BFB6EFB98" box= "[1113,1225,1042,1059]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Trigonospora" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B556472795BFB6EFB98" bold= "true" box= "[1113,1225,1042,1059]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Trigonospora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B55609D7963FCF3FB80" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[182,852,1066,1083]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B55609D7963FCF3FB80" box= "[182,852,1066,1083]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > 13. Plants of various habitats;rhizomes creeping,ascending or erect;spores monolete.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B5560F8790BFE08FB38" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560F8790BFB6EFBE8" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[211,1225,1090,1107]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560F8790BFB6EFBE8" box= "[211,1225,1090,1107]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
14. Pinnae with peg-like aerophores at bases;developing fronds covered in mucilage;neotropical ________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B55644C790BFB6EFBE8" box= "[1127,1225,1090,1107]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Steiropteris" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B55644C790BFB6EFBE8" bold= "true" box= "[1127,1225,1090,1107]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Steiropteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560F87913FE08FB38" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560F87913FE08FB38" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
14. Pinnae without aerophores (except
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B55622D7913FDC8FBD0" box= "[518,623,1114,1131]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Cyclogramma" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B55622D7913FDC8FBD0" box= "[518,623,1114,1131]" italics= "true" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Cyclogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or these present as inconspicuous swellings; mucilage rare or unknown;paleotropical.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B5560DA79C3FBFCFB70" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560DA79C3FB6EFB08" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560DA79C3FB6EFB08" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
15. Indument of abaxial axes and sporangia of hooked and straight setae; spores coarsely echinate or with reticulate crests ____________________________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B55647C79EBFB6EFB08" box= "[1111,1225,1186,1203]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Cyclogramma" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B55647C79EBFB6EFB08" bold= "true" box= "[1111,1225,1186,1203]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Cyclogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560DA79F3FBFCFB70" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[241,1115,1210,1227]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560DA79F3FBFCFB70" box= "[241,1115,1210,1227]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > 15. Indument of abaxial axes lacking hooked hairs;sporangia usually lacking setae;spores variously ornamented.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B556125799BFE29FA90" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B556125799BFB6EFB40" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B556125799BFB6EFB40" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
16. Plants mostly <
<quantity id= "4CE69B05FFF79B556186799BFE47FB58" box= "[429,480,1234,1251]" metricMagnitude= "-1" metricUnit= "m" metricValue= "5.0" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" unit= "cm" value= "50.0" > 50 cm</quantity>
; rhizomes forming erect caudices; abaxial laminae with hemispherical resinous glands;scales often present on abaxial axes__________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B55647A79A3FB6EFB40" box= "[1105,1225,1258,1275]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Coryphopteris" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B55647A79A3FB6EFB40" bold= "true" box= "[1105,1225,1258,1275]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Coryphopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B556125784BFE29FA90" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B556125784BFE29FA90" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
16. Plants mostly>
<quantity id= "4CE69B05FFF79B556180784BFE7AFAA8" box= "[427,477,1282,1299]" metricMagnitude= "-1" metricUnit= "m" metricValue= "5.0" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" unit= "cm" value= "50.0" > 50 cm</quantity>
; rhizomes creeping to erect; glands absent or various; scales typically absent on abaxial axes.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B556100787BFDC5FA30" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B556100787BFB6EFAE0" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B556100787BFB6EFAE0" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
17. Abaxial laminae with amber to reddish translucent hemispherical glands; fronds drying reddish and bicolorous____________________________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B5564477803FB6EFAE0" box= "[1132,1225,1354,1371]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Mesopteris" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B5564477803FB6EFAE0" bold= "true" box= "[1132,1225,1354,1371]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Mesopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B556100782BFDC5FA30" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B556100782BFDC5FA30" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > 17. Abaxial laminae lacking glands, or glands spherical, sulfur-colored and opaque; fronds drying greenish or brown and concolorous.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B55616278DBFC94FA00" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B55616278DBFB6FFA18" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[329,1224,1426,1443]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B55616278DBFB6FFA18" box= "[329,1224,1426,1443]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
18. Sori inframedial,often overlapping costules;all pinnae opposite or subopposite________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B55643678DBFB6FFA18" box= "[1053,1224,1426,1443]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B55643678DBFB6FFA18" bold= "true" box= "[1053,1224,1426,1443]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Glaphyropteridopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B55616278E3FC94FA00" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[329,819,1450,1467]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B55616278E3FC94FA00" box= "[329,819,1450,1467]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > 18. Sori medial to inframarginal;distal pinnae usually alternate.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B55614D788BFB6EF9A0" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B55614D788BFB6FFA50" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B55614D788BFB6FFA50" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
19. Medial pinna with bases asymmetrical, cuneate or rounded; laminae chartaceous to stiffly coriaceous ____________________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B5564717893FB6FFA50" box= "[1114,1224,1498,1515]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Plesioneuron" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B5564717893FB6FFA50" bold= "true" box= "[1114,1224,1498,1515]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Plesioneuron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B55614D78BBFB6EF9A0" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B55614D78BBFB6EF9A0" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
19. Medial pinna with bases more or less symmetrical, truncate; laminae membranaceous to chartaceous _________________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B5564637B43FB6EF9A0" box= "[1096,1225,1546,1563]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Amblovenatum" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B5564637B43FB6EF9A0" bold= "true" box= "[1096,1225,1546,1563]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Amblovenatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B5460AD7B73FC8FFEF8" lastPageId= "31" lastPageNumber= "21" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560AD7B73FCA9F9F0" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[134,782,1594,1611]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560AD7B73FCA9F9F0" box= "[134,782,1594,1611]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > 20. At least some veins connivent at sinuses or running to sinuses without merging.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5460B57C7BFC8FFEF8" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[158,808,306,323]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5460B57C7BFC8FFEF8" box= "[158,808,306,323]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > 20. At least one pair of veins anastomosing below the sinus,forming excurrent vein.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B5560887B1BFD64F978" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560887B1BFD50F9D8" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[163,759,1618,1635]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560887B1BFD50F9D8" box= "[163,759,1618,1635]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > 21. Veins running alongside non-vascularized cartilaginous keel below sinus.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560887BFBFD64F978" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[163,707,1714,1731]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560887BFBFD64F978" box= "[163,707,1714,1731]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > 21. Veins connivent at or just below sinuses,cartilaginous keel absent.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B5560EA7B23FB6EF910" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560EA7B23FB6EF928" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560EA7B23FB6EF928" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
22. Sporangial stalks each with a multicellular stalk capped by a spherical reddish to orange gland;costae,costules,and veins abaxially bearing narrow scales;paleotropical____________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B55647A7BCBFB6EF928" baseAuthorityName= "Holttum" baseAuthorityYear= "1971" box= "[1105,1225,1666,1683]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Mesophlebion" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B55647A7BCBFB6EF928" bold= "true" box= "[1105,1225,1666,1683]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Mesophlebion</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5560EB7BD3FB6EF910" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" box= "[192,1225,1690,1707]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560EB7BD3FB6EF910" box= "[192,1225,1690,1707]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
22. Sporangial stalks lacking stalked glands;axes usually lacking scales abaxially;neotropical_______________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B55644C7BD3FB6EF910" box= "[1127,1225,1690,1707]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Steiropteris" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B55644C7BD3FB6EF910" bold= "true" box= "[1127,1225,1690,1707]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Steiropteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF79B5460EB7B83FE10FF70" blockId= "30.[97,1225,167,1779]" lastBlockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" lastPageId= "31" lastPageNumber= "21" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF79B5460EB7B83FE10FF70" lastPageId= "31" lastPageNumber= "21" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF79B5560EB7B83FB6FF948" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" >
23. Sessile glands absent from laminar axes and tissue,but short-stipitate light yellowish glands often present;all veins connivent at or just below sinuses;neotropical________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF79B55647E7BABFB6FF948" box= "[1109,1224,1762,1779]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pelazoneuron" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF79B55647E7BABFB6FF948" bold= "true" box= "[1109,1224,1762,1779]" pageId= "30" pageNumber= "20" > Pelazoneuron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
2024-11-12 22:07:20 +01:00
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5460F27DEBFE10FF70" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > 23. Glands present on abaxial laminae;veins connivent at or just below sinuses,anastomosing below sinuses,or sometimes free;paleotropical.</keyLead>
2024-11-11 18:44:59 +01:00
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B5460DD7D9BFB46FE90" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5460DD7D9BFB46FF40" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5460DD7D9BFB46FF40" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
24. Adaxial laminar axes with hyaline acicular hairs; abaxial laminae with opaque sulfur-colored or pale yellow spherical glands;laminae drying concolorous green or olivaceous____________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B54644B7DA3FB46FF40" box= "[1120,1249,234,251]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Amblovenatum" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B54644B7DA3FB46FF40" bold= "true" box= "[1120,1249,234,251]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Amblovenatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5460DD7C4BFB46FE90" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5460DD7C4BFB46FE90" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
24. Adaxial laminar axes glabrous, or with short-stipitate glands, abaxial laminae with translucent reddish to orangish hemispherical glands;laminae drying bicolorous and reddish___________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B5464AF7C53FB46FE90" box= "[1156,1249,282,299]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Mesopteris" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B5464AF7C53FB46FE90" bold= "true" box= "[1156,1249,282,299]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Mesopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B5460907C03FDACFB30" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5460907C03FCC7FEE0" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[187,864,330,347]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5460907C03FCC7FEE0" box= "[187,864,330,347]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > 25. Pinnae entire,subentire,or shallowly lobed,typically incised less than 1/3 to costae.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5460907933FDACFB30" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[187,523,1146,1163]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5460907933FDACFB30" box= "[187,523,1146,1163]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > 25. Pinnae incised more than 1/3 to costae.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B5460F27C2BFD2DFDA0" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5460F27C2BFE64FE30" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5460F27C2BFE64FE30" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > 26. Sori linear to slightly elongate, exindusiate; adaxial laminae with abundant simple hairs between veins; sporangial capsules densely setulose.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5460F27CBBFD2DFDA0" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5460F27CBBFD2DFDA0" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > 26. Sori mostly round (sometimes elongate),indusiate or exindusiate;adaxial laminae glabrous or sparsely hairy; sporangial capsules glabrous,glandular,or setulose.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B5460DD7CDBFD49FE00" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5460DD7CDBFB47FE18" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[246,1248,402,419]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5460DD7CDBFB47FE18" box= "[246,1248,402,419]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
27. Spores winged; endemic to Hawaiian Islands __________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B5464BE7CDBFB47FE18" box= "[1173,1248,402,419]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Hoiokula" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B5464BE7CDBFB47FE18" bold= "true" box= "[1173,1248,402,419]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Hoiokula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5460DD7CE3FD49FE00" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[246,750,426,443]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5460DD7CE3FD49FE00" box= "[246,750,426,443]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
27. Spores echinate;native to Eurasia,Africa,
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFF69B5462787CE3FD2CFE00" box= "[595,651,426,443]" name= "Mexico" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Mexico</collectingCountry>
or Alabama.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B5461387C8BFB46FE50" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5461387C8BFB46FE68" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[275,1249,450,467]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5461387C8BFB46FE68" box= "[275,1249,450,467]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
28. Veins with two or fewer intersegmental areoles,or veins free ______________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B5464407C8BFB46FE68" box= "[1131,1249,450,467]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Leptogramma" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B5464407C8BFB46FE68" bold= "true" box= "[1131,1249,450,467]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Leptogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5461387C93FB46FE50" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[275,1249,474,491]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5461387C93FB46FE50" box= "[275,1249,474,491]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
28. Veins with at least three intersegmental areoles,or veins irregularly anastomosing ___________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B54644B7C93FB46FE50" box= "[1120,1249,474,491]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Stegnogramma" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B54644B7C93FB46FE50" bold= "true" box= "[1120,1249,474,491]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Stegnogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B5460DD7F6BFC0BFDD8" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5460DD7F6BFB46FDF0" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5460DD7F6BFB46FDF0" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
29. Stellate or furcate hairs usually present, most easily observed on costae, rachis, and stipe base scales; neotropical ___________________________________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B5464557F73FB46FDF0" box= "[1150,1249,570,587]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Goniopteris" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B5464557F73FB46FDF0" bold= "true" box= "[1150,1249,570,587]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Goniopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5460DD7F1BFC0BFDD8" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[246,940,594,611]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5460DD7F1BFC0BFDD8" box= "[246,940,594,611]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
29. Hairs all unbranched (some furcate in
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B5462137F1BFD3CFDD8" box= "[568,667,594,611]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Ampelopteris" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B5462137F1BFD3CFDD8" box= "[568,667,594,611]" italics= "true" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Ampelopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); paleotropical (except
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B54637B7F1BFC06FDD8" box= "[848,929,594,611]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Meniscium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B54637B7F1BFC06FDD8" box= "[848,929,594,611]" italics= "true" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Meniscium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B5461387F23FE5DFD78" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5461387F23FB47FD28" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5461387F23FB47FD28" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
30. Sporangial stalks each with a multicellular stalk capped by a spherical reddish to orange gland; fronds abundantly proliferous;mature fronds continuing to elongate_____________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B5464447FCBFB47FD28" box= "[1135,1248,642,659]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Ampelopteris" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B5464447FCBFB47FD28" bold= "true" box= "[1135,1248,642,659]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Ampelopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5461387FD3FE5DFD78" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5461387FD3FE5DFD78" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > 30. Sporangia stalks all lacking a reddish to orange multicellular gland;fronds proliferous or not; mature fronds with determinate growth.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B54611A7F83FD99FD48" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B54611A7F83FB46FD60" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[305,1249,714,731]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B54611A7F83FB46FD60" box= "[305,1249,714,731]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
31. Hook-shaped (hamate) hairs present on laminae,these most easily observed on abaxial axes ___________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B5464AE7F83FB46FD60" box= "[1157,1249,714,731]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B5464AE7F83FB46FD60" bold= "true" box= "[1157,1249,714,731]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Grypothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B54611A7FABFD99FD48" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[305,574,738,755]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B54611A7FABFD99FD48" box= "[305,574,738,755]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > 31. Hairs needle-shaped (acicular).</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B5461657FB3FD43FC98" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5461657FB3FB46FCB0" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[334,1249,762,779]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5461657FB3FB46FCB0" box= "[334,1249,762,779]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
32. Fronds nearly always with proliferous buds in axils of distal pinnae;endemic to Africa ______________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B5464A17FB3FB46FCB0" box= "[1162,1249,762,779]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Menisorus" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B5464A17FB3FB46FCB0" bold= "true" box= "[1162,1249,762,779]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Menisorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5461657E5BFD43FC98" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[334,740,786,803]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5461657E5BFD43FC98" box= "[334,740,786,803]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > 32. Fronds rarely proliferous;rare or absent in Africa.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B5461407E63FC38FC58" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5461407E63FDF3FCD0" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5461407E63FDF3FCD0" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
33. Fronds strongly dimorphic to subdimorphic; pinnae mostly <
<quantity id= "4CE69B05FFF69B5463597E63FC3EFC80" box= "[882,921,810,827]" metricMagnitude= "-2" metricUnit= "m" metricValue= "4.0" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" unit= "cm" value= "4.0" > 4 cm</quantity>
wide; 4 or fewer vein pairs usually anastomosing below sinuses; sessile yellowish glands typically present on laminae, sporangia,and/or indusia.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5461407EF3FC38FC58" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5461407EF3FC38FC58" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
33. Fronds monomorphic to subdimorphic; pinnae often>
<quantity id= "4CE69B05FFF69B5463167EF3FCC3FC70" box= "[829,868,954,971]" metricMagnitude= "-2" metricUnit= "m" metricValue= "4.0" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" unit= "cm" value= "4.0" > 4 cm</quantity>
wide; 5 or more vein pairs usually anastomosing below sinuses;sessile yellowish glands usually absent.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B5461A27E3BFB47FC08" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5461A27E3BFB47FC38" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[393,1248,882,899]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5461A27E3BFB47FC38" box= "[393,1248,882,899]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
34. Proximal pinnae not reduced;hairs lacking from adaxial laminae between veins___________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B5464597E3BFB47FC38" authorityName= "sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear= "1982" box= "[1138,1248,882,899]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pronephrium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B5464597E3BFB47FC38" bold= "true" box= "[1138,1248,882,899]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Pronephrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5461A27EC3FB47FC08" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5461A27EC3FB47FC08" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
34. Proximal pinnae usually reduced; hairs sometimes present on adaxial laminae between veins ___________________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B54646F7EEBFB47FC08" baseAuthorityName= "Holttum" baseAuthorityYear= "1982" box= "[1092,1248,930,947]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Sphaerostephanos" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B54646F7EEBFB47FC08" bold= "true" box= "[1092,1248,930,947]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Sphaerostephanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B5461A27EA3FB99FBA8" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5461A27EA3FB47FC40" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[393,1248,1002,1019]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5461A27EA3FB47FC40" box= "[393,1248,1002,1019]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
35. Sporangial capsules usually setulose;sori usually medial and discrete ____________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B5464577EA3FB47FC40" box= "[1148,1248,1002,1019]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B5464577EA3FB47FC40" bold= "true" box= "[1148,1248,1002,1019]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Abacopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5461A2794BFB99FBA8" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[393,1086,1026,1043]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5461A2794BFB99FBA8" box= "[393,1086,1026,1043]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > 35. Sporangial capsules usually glabrous;sori inframedial or coalescent along cross-veins.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B54618D7953FB47FBC8" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B54618D7953FB46FBF8" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B54618D7953FB46FBF8" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
36. Laminae often drying reddish; proliferous buds absent; Asian, Malesian, and Hawaiian _________________________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B54645D797BFB46FBF8" box= "[1142,1249,1074,1091]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B54645D797BFB46FBF8" bold= "true" box= "[1142,1249,1074,1091]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Menisciopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B54618D7903FB47FBC8" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B54618D7903FB47FBC8" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
36. Laminae drying greenish, olivaceous, or brown; proliferous buds sometimes present in axils of pinnae;neotropical_____________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B5464AD792BFB47FBC8" box= "[1158,1248,1122,1139]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Meniscium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B5464AD792BFB47FBC8" bold= "true" box= "[1158,1248,1122,1139]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Meniscium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B5460F379DBFDE4FB68" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5460F379DBFB46FB00" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5460F379DBFB46FB00" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
37. Stellate or furcate hairs usually present, most easily observed on adaxial costae, rachis, and stipe base scales; neotropical_______________________________________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B54645579E3FB46FB00" box= "[1150,1249,1194,1211]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Goniopteris" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B54645579E3FB46FB00" bold= "true" box= "[1150,1249,1194,1211]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Goniopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5460F3798BFDE4FB68" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[216,579,1218,1235]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5460F3798BFDE4FB68" box= "[216,579,1218,1235]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > 37. Hairs all unbranched;mostly paleotropical.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B5460DD7993FB81FAB8" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5460DD7993FB47FB50" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[246,1248,1242,1259]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5460DD7993FB47FB50" box= "[246,1248,1242,1259]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
38. Rhizomes forming trunk-like erect caudices;pinnae opposite;endemic to
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFF69B5463677993FC14FB50" box= "[844,947,1242,1259]" name= "New Zealand" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > New Zealand</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFF69B5463F37993FBBCFB50" box= "[984,1051,1242,1259]" name= "Australia" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Australia</collectingCountry>
_______________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B5464867993FB47FB50" box= "[1197,1248,1242,1259]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pakau" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B5464867993FB47FB50" bold= "true" box= "[1197,1248,1242,1259]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Pakau</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5460DD79BBFB81FAB8" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[246,1062,1266,1283]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5460DD79BBFB81FAB8" box= "[246,1062,1266,1283]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > 38. Rhizomes creeping,ascending or erect;pinnae mostly alternate,at least distally;mostly paleotropical.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
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<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5461387843FBD5FAA0" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[275,1138,1290,1307]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5461387843FBD5FAA0" box= "[275,1138,1290,1307]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
39. Rhizomes long-creeping (internodes>
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),subterranean;fronds sclerophyllous,often in full or partial sun.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B54613878D3FB9FFA10" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[275,1080,1434,1451]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B54613878D3FB9FFA10" box= "[275,1080,1434,1451]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
39. Rhizomes creeping (internodes <
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), ascending,or erect;fronds membranaceous to chartaceous.
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B54611B786BFB46FA28" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B54611B786BFB47FAD8" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B54611B786BFB47FAD8" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
40. Ovate scales present on abaxial axes of laminae;sporangial stalks each with a multicellular stalk capped by a spherical reddish to orange gland; plants aquatic, of freshwater marshes and swamps; pantropical ________________________________________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B5464AC781BFB47FAD8" authorityName= "sensu Copeland" authorityYear= "1947" box= "[1159,1248,1362,1379]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Cyclosorus" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B5464AC781BFB47FAD8" bold= "true" box= "[1159,1248,1362,1379]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Cyclosorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B54611B7823FB46FA28" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B54611B7823FB46FA28" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
40. Scales absent from abaxial laminae; sporangial capsules with sessile glands or setae; plants not of permanently inundated habitats;paleotropical_____________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B54644E78CBFB46FA28" box= "[1125,1249,1410,1427]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Strophocaulon" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B54644E78CBFB46FA28" bold= "true" box= "[1125,1249,1410,1427]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Strophocaulon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B54611B78FBFBBEF980" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B54611B78FBFC05FA78" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[304,930,1458,1475]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B54611B78FBFC05FA78" box= "[304,930,1458,1475]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > 41. Hairs usually appressed and often present on adaxial laminae between veins.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B54611B7B63FBBEF980" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" box= "[304,1049,1578,1595]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B54611B7B63FBBEF980" box= "[304,1049,1578,1595]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > 41. Hairs,if present on adaxial laminae,usually spreading,mostly restricted to costae and rachis.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B5461657883FB47F998" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5461657883FB47FA48" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5461657883FB47FA48" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
42. Proximal pinnae typically gradually reduced; glands, if present, typically orange and clavate or pear-shaped;most diverse and abundant in continental southeast Asia and Indian subcontinent ______
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B5464BA78ABFB47FA48" baseAuthorityName= "Holttum" baseAuthorityYear= "1974" box= "[1169,1248,1506,1523]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Christella" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B5464BA78ABFB47FA48" bold= "true" box= "[1169,1248,1506,1523]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Christella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B54616578B3FB47F998" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B54616578B3FB47F998" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
42. Proximal pinnae mostly abruptly reduced;glands,if present,sessile,typically yellowish and spherical or oblate;most diverse and abundant in
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFF69B54628E7B5BFD79F998" box= "[677,734,1554,1571]" name= "Malaysia" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Malesia</collectingCountry>
______________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B54646F7B5BFB47F998" baseAuthorityName= "Holttum" baseAuthorityYear= "1982" box= "[1092,1248,1554,1571]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Sphaerostephanos" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B54646F7B5BFB47F998" bold= "true" box= "[1092,1248,1554,1571]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Sphaerostephanos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B5461657B0BFE66F920" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5461657B0BFB47F9D0" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5461657B0BFB47F9D0" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
43. Sori inframedial to costular;stipe scales terete or linear-lanceolate and thickened,dark brown to black, dense and persistent,spreading _____________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B54648B7B13FB47F9D0" box= "[1184,1248,1626,1643]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Chingia" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B54648B7B13FB47F9D0" bold= "true" box= "[1184,1248,1626,1643]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Chingia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5461657B3BFE66F920" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5461657B3BFE66F920" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > 43. Sori medial to inframarginal;stipe scales not terete,ovate to lanceolate,brown,often caducous,often appressed.</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id= "30EA2E45FFF69B5461407BEBFB47F940" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5461407BEBFB46F970" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5461407BEBFB46F970" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
44. Aerophores peg-like, projecting from pinna and sometimes pinnule bases; proximal pinnae abruptly reduced to vestigial laminar fringe; fronds drying bicolorous,reddish ____________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B5464707BF3FB46F970" authorityName= "sensu Holttum. In" authorityYear= "1982" box= "[1115,1249,1722,1739]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pneumatopteris" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B5464707BF3FB46F970" bold= "true" box= "[1115,1249,1722,1739]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Pneumatopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
2024-11-12 22:07:20 +01:00
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFF69B5461407B9BFB47F940" blockId= "31.[158,1249,162,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
2024-11-11 18:44:59 +01:00
<keyLead id= "30EF95D5FFF69B5461407B9BFB47F940" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" >
44. Aerophores inconspicuous;proximal pinnae gradually reduced;fronds mostly drying concolorous green or olivaceous _______________________________________________________________
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFF69B5464527BA3FB47F940" box= "[1145,1248,1770,1787]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Reholttumia" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFF69B5464527BA3FB47F940" bold= "true" box= "[1145,1248,1770,1787]" pageId= "31" pageNumber= "21" > Reholttumia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
