246 lines
22 KiB
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246 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.335.6030" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d4121e1b-e0c6-4db9-8970-d1b27de040f3" ID-PMC="PMC3800794" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-335-101" ID-PubMed="24146568" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-335-101" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 335" ModsDocTitle="The enigmatic Otway odd-clawed spider (Progradungula otwayensis Milledge, 1997, Gradungulidae, Araneae): Natural history, first description of the female and micro-computed tomography of the male palpal organ" checkinTime="1451246879842" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Michalik, Peter, Piacentini, Luis, Lipke, Elisabeth & Ramirez, Martin J." docDate="2013" docId="B78D77D7F8AA9C2E8B4BEF83FB3B3106" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 335: 101-112" docOrigin="ZooKeys 335" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.335.6030" docTitle="Progradungula otwayensis Milledge 1997" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="104" masterDocId="3B72FF800644FFD49C70FB26FFACB644" masterDocTitle="The enigmatic Otway odd-clawed spider (Progradungula otwayensis Milledge, 1997, Gradungulidae, Araneae): Natural history, first description of the female and micro-computed tomography of the male palpal organ" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1668156503139" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The enigmatic Otway odd-clawed spider (Progradungula otwayensis Milledge, 1997, Gradungulidae, Araneae): Natural history, first description of the female and micro-computed tomography of the male palpal organ</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Michalik, Peter</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Piacentini, Luis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lipke, Elisabeth</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ramirez, Martin J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>335</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>101</mods:start>
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<mods:end>112</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.335.6030</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.335.6030</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-335-101</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152048348" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B78D77D7F8AA9C2E8B4BEF83FB3B3106" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B78D77D7F8AA9C2E8B4BEF83FB3B3106" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Progradungula_otwayensis" authority="Milledge, 1997" authorityName="Milledge" authorityYear="1997" class="Arachnida" family="Gradungulidae" genus="Progradungula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Progradungula otwayensis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="otwayensis">Progradungula otwayensis Milledge, 1997</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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Male holotype: AUSTRALIA: Victoria. Otway Ranges, Aire Crossing Track, 0.5 km N of Aire River crossing,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-38.7">38°42'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="143.48334">143°29'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 31 Jan 1995, G. Milledge (MV K3260, not examined).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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AUSTRALIA: VICTORIA: Great Otway National Park: Little Aire Cascade Trail, E of Lavers Hill,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-38.67032">38.67032°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="143.4981">143.49810°E</geoCoordinate>
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(GPS,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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100m), elev. 330m, 11 Feb 2013,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nothofagus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eucalyptus" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Eucalyptus</taxonomicName>
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, tree ferns wet forest, hand collecting, P.Michalik & M.J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramírez">Ramirez</normalizedToken>
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(MJR-Loc-125), two females (MACN-Ar 30666); Triplet Falls Trail, E of Lavers Hill,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-38.67188">38.67188°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="143.49673">143.49673°E</geoCoordinate>
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(GPS,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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300m), elev. 300m (GPS), 10 Feb 2013,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nothofagus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eucalyptus" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Eucalyptus</taxonomicName>
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, tree ferns wet forest, hand collecting, P.Michalik & M.J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramírez">Ramirez</normalizedToken>
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(MJR-Loc-124), three females (MACN-Ar 30667, ZIMG II/28128, ZIMG II/28129); Maits Rest Trail, W Apollo Bay,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-38.75492">38.75492°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="143.55495">143.55495°E</geoCoordinate>
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(GPS,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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200m), elev. 240m, 13-14 Feb 2013,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nothofagus</taxonomicName>
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, tree ferns wet forest, hand collecting, P.Michalik & M.J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramírez">Ramirez</normalizedToken>
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(MJR-Loc-126), one female (ZIMG II/28130); Melba Gully Trail,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-38.695435">38°41.726'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="143.37187">143°22.312'E</geoCoordinate>
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(GPS,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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200m), elev. 328m, 15 Feb 2013,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus" order="Fagales" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nothofagus</taxonomicName>
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, tree ferns wet forest, hand collecting, P.Michalik & M.J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramírez">Ramirez</normalizedToken>
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(MJR-Loc-128), one male (ZIMG II/28127).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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This species can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gradungulidae" genus="Progradungula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Progradungula carraiensis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carraiensis">Progradungula carraiensis</taxonomicName>
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by the single process on the embolus of the male palpal organ and the presence of eight spermathecae in the female genitalia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="female">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Female</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="102">(Figs 3-4).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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Figure 3. Somatic characters of the female of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gradungulidae" genus="Progradungula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Progradungula otwayensis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="otwayensis">Progradungula otwayensis</taxonomicName>
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. A Lateral view of prosoma and opisthosoma (ZIMG II/28128) B Dorsal view of prosoma (MV) C Ventral view of Prosoma (MV) D Frontal view of ocular area (ZIMG II/28128) E Ventral view of opisthosoma F Tarsus of leg I G Tarsus of leg IV H Calamistrum. I Ventral view of spinnerets. Scale bar in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="F–H">F-H</normalizedToken>
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is 500
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Figure 4. Female genitalia. A Lateral view of the dome-shaped genital area (compare also to Fig. 3A) (MACN-Ar 30667) B Sagital section through genital area obtained by micro-CT (MACN-Ar 30667) C Posterior view of genital area (MACN-Ar 30667). Spermathecae in anterior (D) and ventral view (E) (ZIMG II/28128). Abbreviation: B bursa; EF epigastric furrow; GP genital pockets; Gl glands; PF postepigastric fold; Sp spermathecae; Ue uterus externus.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="measurements">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Measurements</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
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(mm, in MV). Carapace length 6.92; carapace width 4.66; caput width 2.66; abdomen length 8.51; abdomen width 7.18. Legs: length of segments
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="103" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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femur + patella/tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = total length): I 11.97 + 14.10 + 11.57 + 2.66 = 40.30, II 9.31 + 10.77 + 8.25 + 2.53 = 30.86, III 7.98 + 9.18 + 7.85 + 2.13 = 27.14, IV 9.98 + 10.91 + 9.44 + 2.13 = 32.46, palp 2.93 + 2.66 + - + 2.79 = 8.38.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="colour pattern">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Colour pattern.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Carapace yellowish brown, darker on cephalic area, particularly in eye region. Chelicerae, maxillae and labium reddish brown. Sternum reddish brown marginally, paler centrally. Legs yellowish brown. Abdomen fawn-coloured with dark brown dorsal pigmentation consisting of 3 chevron markings. Carapace longer than wide, widest between coxae II and III. Cephalic area elevated behind eyes (Fig. 3A). Clypeus sloping, as long as the median ocular quadrangle, with a strongly curved anterior border. Fovea pit-like.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="eyes">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Eyes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Frontal view (Fig. 3D): anterior row slightly recurved, posterior row slightly procurved. Dorsal view (Fig. 3B): anterior row recurved, posterior row slightly recurved. AME <PME <ALE = PLE 0.23: 0.32: 0.35: 0.35. Interdistances: AME-AME 0.18, AME-ALE 0.33, ALE-PLE 0.08, PLE-PME 0.40, PME-PME 0.28. Median ocular quadrangle: length 0.58 mm, anterior width 0.55 mm, posterior width 0.87 mm. Clypeus height 0.50. AME black, remainder white.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="chelicerae">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Chelicerae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Strong, vertical, slightly divergent. Three strong prolateral teeth, evenly spaced. Five very small retromarginal teeth (or denticles) in row on basal half of groove, with a spine on the apico-dorsal side. Stridulatory ridges absent.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="maxillae">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Maxillae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Subparallel, external margin strongly curved and ending anteriorly in a bluntly pointed apex (Fig. 3C). Serrula present.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="labium">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Labium.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Free. Length 0.83, width 0.87. Apical margin indented, lateral margin subparallel below, sloping in toward apex above (Fig. 3C).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="sternum">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Sternum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Length 3.33, width 2.20. Elongate, shield-shaped with pointed apex which extends back midway between coxae IV (Fig. 3C).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="legs">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Legs.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">1423. Trochanters shallowly notched. Superior claws of 1st and 2nd legs dissimilar, with raptorial proclaws long and strongly developed (Fig. 3F), retroclaws shorter. Inferior claws of legs I and II slender and strongly hooked. Superior claws of legs III and IV similar (Fig. 3G). Accessory claw setae on all tarsi. Distal half of tarsus I and II with strong ventral setae. Calamistrum short, located in second quarter of metatarsus 4 (Fig. 3H).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="pattern of spination">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Pattern of spination.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">(Approximate, slightly asymmetrical.) Femur I d (r2p1)-r2-r1-p1-1-2-p1-2-p1-2-2-3ap v 0-p1-0-0-0; patella r 1; tibia d 2-0-2-p1-0-p1-3 v 2-0-0-2-p1-0-2-0; metatarsus d r1-p1-p1-0-0-0-0 v p1-r1-p1-p1-r1-p1-r1-2ap; II; femur d (r2p1)-r2-2-p1-2-p1-2- 2-p1-3 v 0-p1-1-0-0; patella p 1; tibia d 2-p1-1-2-2-p1-p1-1-3 v 2-0-p1-r1-p1-2-0-2ap; metatarsus d 2-p1-2-r1-p1-r1-p1-p1-2ap v p1-r1-2-2-r1-p1-3ap; III; femur d (r3p1)-1-r1-2-p1-2-2-2-r1-3 v r1-p1-2-0-0; patella p 1 d 1 r 1; tibia d 2-1-p1-3-2-2 v 2-0-p1-r1-p1-2ap; metatarsus d 2-p1-p1-r1-p1-2- 2ap v 2-p1-p1-r1-p1-p1-r1-3ap; tarsus v 0-r1-0; IV femur d (r4p2)-r2-1-r2-p1-2-2-2-3 v 0-p1-p1-0-0-0; patella p 1 d 1; tibia d 2-2-p1-1-3-r1 v 2-0-0-p1-p1-2ap; metatarsus d 2-p1-2-r1-2ap v p1-2-p1-p1-p1-2-r1-3ap; tarsus v 0-1-0.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="103" type="palp">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Palp.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Single claw. Spines: femur d 0-0-1-1-3ap patella p 1 d 1-1, tibia d 1-1, p 0-2-0; tarsus d 2-2-1-2-3ap v 2-2-2ap.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="abdomen">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="104" start="start">Abdomen</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Cribellum undivided, with narrow spinning field, as wide as basal span of anterior spinnerets (Figs 3E, 3I). Spiracles of posterior lung books well separated but joined by a transverse groove. Genital area swollen and only faintly sclerotized near the epigastric furrow (Fig. 3E).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="genitalia">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Genitalia.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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Genital area distinct and dome-shaped (Figs 3A, 4A). Internal genitalia simple, with eight spermathecae grouped in two quartets (Figs 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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). The outer spermathecae are ovoid and have a short duct. The inner spermathecae can be grouped leading into the bursa through a long, slender convoluted duct (Fig. 4). Glandular projections are mainly present on the spermathecal ducts. A fold with two distinct sclerotized pockets is situated anterior/ventral to the spermathecae. A blind-ended invagination, the postepigastric furrow, is situated immediately posterior to the epigastric furrow.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="male">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Male</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">(ZIMG II/28127; Fig. 5).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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Figure 5. Right male palp of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gradungulidae" genus="Progradungula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Progradungula otwayensis" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="otwayensis">Progradungula otwayensis</taxonomicName>
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(ZIMG II/28127). A Prolateral view; the arrow marks the section plane of Fig. 5B B Section of the volume rendered male palp C Surface model of the spermophor superimposed on the volume rendering of the male palp (prolateral, ventral and retrolateral views). The cymbium, subtegulum and tegulum are partly removed in the prolateral view to show tendons, muscles and hematodochae. The arrow points to the opening of the embolus. Abbreviation: Cb cymbium; E embolus; m29 muscle 29; m30 muscle 30; mA median apophysis; mH median hematodocha; PE process of embolus; S spermophor; St subtegulum; Te tegulum; tm29 tendon of muscle 29; tm30 tendon of muscle 30.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="male palp">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Male palp.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Tegulum with short median apophysis. Embolus tube-like with a solid single hook-shaped process; tip of the embolus widened and hyaline; fundus sac-like, spermophor with an internal band delimited by two parallel ridges (Fig. 5B), distal part of the spermophor within the embolus partly convoluted and very thin (approximately 8µm in diameter); m30 and tm30 in cymbium; m29 in tibia and attaching to the spermophor.</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
The web structure is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Gradungulidae" genus="Progradungula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Progradungula carraiensis" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carraiensis">Progradungula carraiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(for details see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gray, MR" journalOrPublisher="Proceeding of the Linnean Society of New South Wales" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" pagination="51 - 58" title="The male of Progradungula carraiensis Forster and Gray (Araneae, Gradungulidae) with observations on the web and prey capture." volume="107" year="1983">Gray 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and web construction is performed after sunset. The catching ladders and supporting webs (Figs 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
) are connected by a single sturdy thread to retreats in hollow trees Fig. 2A), often far away (up to 3 meters). As already described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Milledge, GA" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of Museum Victoria" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" pagination="65 - 68" title="A new species of Progradungula Forster and Gray (Araneae: Gradungulidae) from Victoria." volume="56" year="1997">Milledge (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, we found most of the specimens in hollows of old
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nothofagaceae" genus="Nothofagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nothofagus cunninghamii" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cunninghamii">Nothofagus cunninghamii</taxonomicName>
|
||
trees (Fig. 2A), but also several in hollows of mountain ash (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eucalyptus regnans" order="Myrtales" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regnans">Eucalyptus regnans</taxonomicName>
|
||
) trees, the bases of large tree ferns (Fig. 2B) and under bridges on trails. On one occasion, we had access to a large hollow mountain ashtree and found catching ladders and supporting webs of juveniles inside of it.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
Endemic to the Great Otway National Park (Victoria). In addition to the locations reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Milledge, GA" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of Museum Victoria" pageId="6" pageNumber="107" pagination="65 - 68" title="A new species of Progradungula Forster and Gray (Araneae: Gradungulidae) from Victoria." volume="56" year="1997">Milledge (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, we found several specimens (one male, several juveniles) at the Melba Gully Trail which is located at the western end of the National Park (Fig. 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |