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<document id="FC6536EE482C5DECFAAE3D3A47A6CEAF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.171265" ID-GBIF-Dataset="99896016-31fa-473e-bd93-1d61b2de5805" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="171265" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459719895539" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Prathapan, K. D., Faizal, M. H. &amp; Anith, And K. N." docDate="2005" docId="B7009016FFC38632FECB2267CB30FC6D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00966.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 966" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Longitarsus serrulatus Prathapan, Faizal &amp; Anith, 2005, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="4B39E86EFFC28635FFC32143C861FFB3" masterDocTitle="A new species of Longitarsus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) feeding on Chinese potato, Plectranthus rotundifolius (Lamiaceae) in southern India" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698208896256" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8FA2EF13A0D60154D44B91BCDF7D3525">
<mods:title id="2FC06EBA6D2F88E9AF6AA9798BF4C038">A new species of Longitarsus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) feeding on Chinese potato, Plectranthus rotundifolius (Lamiaceae) in southern India</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="DE55E3A031F85089A20FB070155AB63A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FF795BE2587D3A0191EA1CEC3E3B48A7">Prathapan, K. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0CE7F3BD5C3538F9AC8266BA547F32EE">Faizal, M. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role id="F6004B0E3B67DA96BBC83BD7F5AB0D43">
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<mods:namePart id="2A8B109DF2DA1731C4602845F051019D">Anith, And K. N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EE73A21DEA8650292D3D9BDBB5D098BD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C0B79FFAF5B8984774DED10273FABFE2">
<mods:title id="BE4B754488948C85B9E32544DC9506DF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="050D94FC3856ADBDFFD5A11780BFD577">
<mods:date id="DD2463D2E9186CD4D4EC696B09D10C51">2005</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="CFAAEDB9FCF50623E84D1DF619019961" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F210DA736E5BBC2EE8D8586E494FD57B">966</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="395A2D7EAA2392A72DB24936346E5AD9">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="BE9CFE4C025CC99730EED636264D38BD" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.171265</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0628980553C5ACEE547A82920CAB6E5D" type="GBIF-Dataset">99896016-31fa-473e-bd93-1d61b2de5805</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CABBFD41AC8656099A2B0635128BFA79" type="ISSN">1175­5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="ABE07FDF2403BC8D0FC92274FF9221FD" type="Zenodo-Dep">171265</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B7009016FFC38632FECB2267CB30FC6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5662603" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119335437" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5662603" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7009016FFC38632FECB2267CB30FC6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B7009016FFC38632FECB2267CB30FC6D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="77B3728BFFC38634FECB2267C9F1FCD2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC38634FECB2267CAD3FC8D" blockId="1.[264,690,804,865]" box="[264,690,804,830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="645E966CFFC38634FECB2267CAD3FC8D" bold="true" box="[264,690,804,830]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC38634FECB2267CAD3FC8D" bold="true" box="[264,690,804,830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC38634FECB2267CA7BFC8D" box="[264,538,804,830]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrulatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC38634FECB2267CA7BFC8D" bold="true" box="[264,538,804,830]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Longitarsus serrulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="16EE4069FFC38634FDE22267CAD3FC8D" box="[545,690,804,830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC38634FECB2204C9F1FCD2" blockId="1.[264,690,804,865]" box="[264,400,839,865]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
(
<figureCitation id="A7923D85FFC38634FED32204C937FCD2" box="[272,342,839,865]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,368,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[278,1322,859,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[271,1327,841,1794]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Longitarsus serrulatus sp. nov., dorsal habitus" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171266/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs 1</figureCitation>
–13)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B3728BFFC38634FECB22D5CA95FC6A" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC38634FECB22D5CA95FC6A" blockId="1.[264,1324,918,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC38634FECB22D5C9FFFC03" bold="true" box="[264,414,918,944]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Host plants.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC38634FE6622D4CBEEFC02" authority="(Poir.) Spreng." authorityName="(Poir.) Spreng." box="[421,911,919,945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolius">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC38634FE6622D4CAB9FC03" box="[421,728,919,944]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Plectranthus rotundifolius</emphasis>
(Poir.) Spreng.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC38634FC5922D4CC9BFC02" authority="(Lour.) Spreng." authorityName="(Lour.) Spreng." box="[922,1274,919,945]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amboinicus">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC38634FC5922D4CC5EFC03" box="[922,1087,919,944]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. amboinicus</emphasis>
(Lour.) Spreng.
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC38634FECB22FCC9B3FC6B" box="[264,466,959,984]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scutellarioides">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC38634FECB22FCC9B3FC6B" box="[264,466,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">P. scutellarioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) R. Br. (
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC38634FDA222FCCA86FC6A" box="[609,743,959,985]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B3728BFFC38634FEFB22A5CAEDFBB2" box="[312,652,998,1025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC38634FEFB22A5CAEDFBB2" blockId="1.[264,1324,918,1905]" box="[312,652,998,1025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC38634FEFB22A5C9B9FBB3" bold="true" box="[312,472,998,1024]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="47BE6190FFC38634FE1C22A4CA7AFBB2" box="[479,539,999,1025]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">India</collectingCountry>
(Kerala).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B3728BFFC38630FEFB254DCAD0FB73" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC38634FEFB254DCAACFB12" blockId="1.[264,1324,918,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC38634FEFB254DC9AEFB9B" bold="true" box="[312,463,1038,1064]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Description.</emphasis>
Coloured light chestnut brown. Antennae and all tarsi yellowish brown. Fore­ and mid­legs, hind tibiae lighter than hind femora. Suture narrowly dark brown. Head slightly darker than elytra. In some specimens clypeus, labrum, distal one or two antennomeres darker than rest of head.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC38634FEFB25ECCBCAF94A" blockId="1.[264,1324,918,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Length
<quantity id="F8518CE5FFC38634FE5225ECCA5EFB7A" box="[401,575,1199,1225]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" metricValueMax="1.92" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="1.81" valueMax="1.92" valueMin="1.7">1.70–1.92 mm</quantity>
, width 0.82–1.00 mm (
<figureCitation id="A7923D85FFC38634FC8F25ECCBF1FB7A" box="[844,912,1199,1225]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[264,368,1820,1844]" captionTargetBox="[278,1322,859,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[271,1327,841,1794]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Longitarsus serrulatus sp. nov., dorsal habitus" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171266/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Vertex moderately flat, minutely wrinkled, impunctate. Supraorbital pore surrounded with minute setiferous pores. Inner margin of eyes slightly concave. Antennal callus moderately convex, 2.7 times wider than long, mesally wider than laterally, almost transverse, forming obtuse angle to each other. All sulci delimiting antennal calli moderately developed, not wide. Postcallinal sulcus curved. Orbital sulcus deep, wide. Frontal ridge sharply raised, narrow in middle, wider towards anterofrontal ridge, concave in middle in lateral view. Anterofrontal ridge slightly curved, lower than frontal ridge, moderately raised laterally as well as medially with a denticle in middle. Frontoclypeal suture with four long setae. Labrum with anterior margin convex with indistinct notch in middle, with four long setae arranged in a transverse line, besides a short seta on either side slightly below row of long setae. Mandible with five denticles. Maxillary palp with last palpomere longer than second and third separately. Antenna extends beyond middle of elytron, not reaching apex. Second antennomere slightly longer than half of first; second and third subequal; fourth slightly less than twice length of third; fourth to sixth subequal in length (
<figureCitation id="A7923D85FFC38634FC97279CCBFDF94A" box="[852,924,1759,1785]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 10" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[314,1268,316,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1313,300,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 10. Longitarsus serrulatus sp. nov. 2. antenna; 3. male protarsus; 4. female protarsus; 5. metatibial spur; 6. last abdominal sternite of male (macerated specimen); 7. median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 8. median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; 9. median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal opening; 10. tegmen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171267/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC38637FEFB2644CCD8FD5D" blockId="1.[264,1324,918,1905]" lastBlockId="2.[264,1323,284,750]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Pronotum wider anteriorly than posteriorly, with maximum width anterior to middle; lateral margin weakly curved, narrow, wider anteriorly than posteriorly, with short setae along margin. Anterolateral callosity slightly longer than one­third of lateral margin including anterolateral callosity, moderately low, reaching middle level of eye, concave, lower anteriorly than posteriorly, forming obtuse denticle at setiferous pore. Pore situated at posterodorsal face of callosity. Posterolateral callosity well developed, longer than width of lateral margin. Seta on anterolateral and posterolateral callosity separately about as long as lateral margin. Disc shiny, punctures indistinct, longitudinal, much weaker than those on elytron. Scutellum wider than long with obtusely angulate apex. Elytron having well developed humeral callus with indistinct depression posteriorly, sides convex, maximum width at middle, apical margin slightly convex, apex obtusely angulate with a long seta. Surface covered with fine punctures, distance between adjacent punctures varied, less than diameter of to slightly more than diameter of a puncture in middle of elytron. Interstices between punctures slightly convex. Punctures tend to form lines along lateral sides.
<collectingCountry id="47BE6190FFC08637FE9B2397C9F2FD5D" box="[344,403,724,750]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hind</collectingCountry>
wings polymorphic, being greatly reduced to completely developed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6BD67188FFC08637FECB265FCB1FF887" box="[264,894,1820,1844]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171266/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[278,1322,859,1787]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC08637FECB265FCB1FF887" blockId="2.[264,894,1820,1844]" box="[264,894,1820,1844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC08637FECB265FC9EBF887" bold="true" box="[264,394,1820,1844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC08637FE52265ECAE2F887" box="[401,643,1821,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrulatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC08637FE52265ECAE2F887" box="[401,643,1821,1844]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Longitarsus serrulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="16EE4069FFC08637FD49265ECABEF887" box="[650,735,1821,1844]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, dorsal habitus
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6BD67188FFC18636FECB27A6CA6FF8D6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171267/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[314,1268,316,1752]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC18636FECB27A6CA6FF8D6" blockId="3.[264,1323,1765,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC18636FECB27A6C9A3F94E" bold="true" box="[264,450,1765,1789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURES 2–10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC18636FE1127A5CAA4F94E" box="[466,709,1766,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrulatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC18636FE1127A5CAA4F94E" box="[466,709,1766,1789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Longitarsus serrulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="16EE4069FFC18636FD0E27A5CB40F94E" box="[717,801,1766,1789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
2. antenna; 3. male protarsus; 4. female protarsus; 5. metatibial spur; 6. last abdominal sternite of male (macerated specimen); 7. median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 8. median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; 9. median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal opening; 10. tegmen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC68631FEFB205FC9A2FC01" blockId="4.[264,1324,284,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Prosternal intercoxal process widened posteriorly, very narrow at middle, being half as wide as distance between anterior margin of prosternum to procoxal cavity, narrowly raised along margin, depressed along middle. Mesosternal intercoxal process wider than apex of prosternal intercoxal process. First protarsomere in male slightly wider than third protarsomere, ventrally flat, without setae (
<figureCitation id="A7923D85FFC68631FD3C20F8CB27FE66" box="[767,838,443,469]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 10" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[314,1268,316,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1313,300,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 10. Longitarsus serrulatus sp. nov. 2. antenna; 3. male protarsus; 4. female protarsus; 5. metatibial spur; 6. last abdominal sternite of male (macerated specimen); 7. median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 8. median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; 9. median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal opening; 10. tegmen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171267/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). First protarsomere in female much narrower than third protarsomere, rounded, with setae on ventral side (
<figureCitation id="A7923D85FFC68631FB8B20A1CCF4FE4F" box="[1096,1173,482,508]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 10" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[314,1268,316,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1313,300,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 10. Longitarsus serrulatus sp. nov. 2. antenna; 3. male protarsus; 4. female protarsus; 5. metatibial spur; 6. last abdominal sternite of male (macerated specimen); 7. median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 8. median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; 9. median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal opening; 10. tegmen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171267/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Metatibia slightly curved in dorsal view, nearly straight in lateral view. Lateral margin of dorsal surface with a regular row of long, sharp spinules in distal four­fifth preceded by short spinules arranged in two rows, spinules absent in proximal one­fifth; lateral margin much higher than medial margin. First metatarsomere 0.6 times as long as metatibia. Claw with small denticle at base. Metatibial spur longer and wider than claw, peculiar in having serrulations on either side dorsally (
<figureCitation id="A7923D85FFC68631FD562392CABEFD58" box="[661,735,721,747]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 10" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[314,1268,316,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1313,300,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 10. Longitarsus serrulatus sp. nov. 2. antenna; 3. male protarsus; 4. female protarsus; 5. metatibial spur; 6. last abdominal sternite of male (macerated specimen); 7. median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 8. median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; 9. median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal opening; 10. tegmen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171267/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Last abdominal sternite in male with posterior margin bisinuate forming a lobe in middle; in macerated specimens a circular internal flange with anterior extension near posteromedial region evident; lobe in middle of posterior region with a row of short setae along margin; short setae present near posterior margin of internal flange; short peg­like sensilla present in middle, sparse long setae on rest of surface (
<figureCitation id="A7923D85FFC68631FEAE22DBC9D5FC01" box="[365,436,920,946]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 10" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[314,1268,316,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1313,300,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 10. Longitarsus serrulatus sp. nov. 2. antenna; 3. male protarsus; 4. female protarsus; 5. metatibial spur; 6. last abdominal sternite of male (macerated specimen); 7. median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 8. median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; 9. median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal opening; 10. tegmen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171267/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC68631FEFB22FCCB5FFAD4" blockId="4.[264,1324,284,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Median lobe of aedeagus nearly parallel­sided in ventral view, ventral side transparent, concave (
<figureCitation id="A7923D85FFC68631FEBB22A4C9A0FBB2" box="[376,449,999,1025]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 10" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[314,1268,316,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1313,300,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 10. Longitarsus serrulatus sp. nov. 2. antenna; 3. male protarsus; 4. female protarsus; 5. metatibial spur; 6. last abdominal sternite of male (macerated specimen); 7. median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 8. median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; 9. median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal opening; 10. tegmen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171267/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
); in lateral view slightly curved with acute, gently recurved apex (
<figureCitation id="A7923D85FFC68631FB1022A4CD7BFBB2" box="[1235,1306,999,1025]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 10" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[314,1268,316,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1313,300,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 10. Longitarsus serrulatus sp. nov. 2. antenna; 3. male protarsus; 4. female protarsus; 5. metatibial spur; 6. last abdominal sternite of male (macerated specimen); 7. median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 8. median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; 9. median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal opening; 10. tegmen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171267/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
); dorsal opening as long as half of median lobe of aedeagus, partially covered by a lamina not reaching apex (
<figureCitation id="A7923D85FFC68631FE2B2574CA4EFBE2" box="[488,559,1079,1105]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 10" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[314,1268,316,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1313,300,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 10. Longitarsus serrulatus sp. nov. 2. antenna; 3. male protarsus; 4. female protarsus; 5. metatibial spur; 6. last abdominal sternite of male (macerated specimen); 7. median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 8. median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; 9. median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal opening; 10. tegmen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171267/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Arms of tegmen shorter than stem (
<figureCitation id="A7923D85FFC68631FC2F2574CC22FBE2" box="[1004,1091,1079,1105]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 10" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[314,1268,316,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1313,300,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 10. Longitarsus serrulatus sp. nov. 2. antenna; 3. male protarsus; 4. female protarsus; 5. metatibial spur; 6. last abdominal sternite of male (macerated specimen); 7. median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 8. median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; 9. median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal opening; 10. tegmen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171267/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Spermatheca with receptacle oblong­shaped, inner and outer sides almost parallel, about three times longer than wide; pump curved, horizontal part longer than vertical; duct forming S­shaped curve proximally, distally straight pointing towards receptacle (
<figureCitation id="A7923D85FFC68631FC0625EDCC41FB7B" box="[965,1056,1198,1224]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="5.[264,367,875,899]" captionTargetBox="[335,1264,294,859]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[326,1274,291,868]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 11. Longitarsus serrulatus sp. nov. 11. spermatheca; 12. vaginal palpi; 13. tignum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171268/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Vaginal palpi wider proximally than distally; medial margin forming angle with lateral margin distally; lateral margin concave preapically; proximal and distal sclerotisation subequal, separately shorter than unsclerotised area in middle (Fig. 12). Tignum slightly curved, proximally as wide as distal arrowhead­shaped sclerotisation (Fig. 13).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC68631FEFB2437CB61F917" blockId="4.[264,1324,284,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC68631FEFB2437CA59FA3D" bold="true" box="[312,568,1396,1422]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
Female (
<quantity id="F8518CE5FFC68631FD722437CB39FA3D" box="[689,856,1396,1422]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" metricValueMax="1.92" metricValueMin="1.84" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="1.88" valueMax="1.92" valueMin="1.84">1.84–1.92mm</quantity>
) is distinctly larger than male (
<quantity id="F8518CE5FFC68631FB242437C90EFA05" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7149999999999999" metricValueMax="1.73" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="1.7149999999999999" valueMax="1.73" valueMin="1.7">1.70– 1.73mm</quantity>
). Posterior margin of last abdominal sternite in male bisinuate (
<figureCitation id="A7923D85FFC68631FBA424DFCCCFFA05" box="[1127,1198,1436,1462]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 10" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[314,1268,316,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1313,300,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 10. Longitarsus serrulatus sp. nov. 2. antenna; 3. male protarsus; 4. female protarsus; 5. metatibial spur; 6. last abdominal sternite of male (macerated specimen); 7. median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 8. median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; 9. median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal opening; 10. tegmen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171267/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) (entire in female) as is the case in the genus
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC68631FD7B2487CB25FA6E" box="[696,836,1476,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC68631FD7B2487CB25FA6E" box="[696,836,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Longitarsus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. An internal, circular, chitinised flange with anterior extension, evident in macerated specimens, present near middle of posterior margin of last abdominal sternite in male (
<figureCitation id="A7923D85FFC68631FCD12750CB3CF99E" box="[786,861,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 10" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[314,1268,316,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1313,300,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 10. Longitarsus serrulatus sp. nov. 2. antenna; 3. male protarsus; 4. female protarsus; 5. metatibial spur; 6. last abdominal sternite of male (macerated specimen); 7. median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 8. median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; 9. median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal opening; 10. tegmen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171267/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Such modification absent in female. First protarsomere in male slightly wider than third protarsomere, ventrally flat and devoid of setae (
<figureCitation id="A7923D85FFC68631FEBA2720C9A2F9CE" box="[377,451,1635,1661]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 10" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[314,1268,316,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1313,300,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 10. Longitarsus serrulatus sp. nov. 2. antenna; 3. male protarsus; 4. female protarsus; 5. metatibial spur; 6. last abdominal sternite of male (macerated specimen); 7. median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 8. median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; 9. median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal opening; 10. tegmen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171267/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). First protarsomere in female much narrower than third protarsomere, rounded with setae on ventral side (
<figureCitation id="A7923D85FFC68631FD6A27C9CA93F917" box="[681,754,1674,1700]" captionStart="FIGURES 2 – 10" captionStartId="3.[264,382,1765,1789]" captionTargetBox="[314,1268,316,1752]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[273,1313,300,1759]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 2 – 10. Longitarsus serrulatus sp. nov. 2. antenna; 3. male protarsus; 4. female protarsus; 5. metatibial spur; 6. last abdominal sternite of male (macerated specimen); 7. median lobe of aedeagus, ventral view; 8. median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view; 9. median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal opening; 10. tegmen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171267/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC68631FEFB27F1CC9CF8D8" blockId="4.[264,1324,284,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC68631FEFB27F1C991F97F" bold="true" box="[312,496,1714,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Measurements</emphasis>
(all values in mm; n=10). Length 1.70–1.92 (1.81), width 0.82–1.00 (0.91), length of pronotum 0.41–0.49 (0.46), width of pronotum 0.57–0.69 (0.61), width across eyes 0.50–0.57 (0.54), transverse diameter of eye 0.17–0.22 (0.19), distance between eye and antennal socket 0.04–0.08 (0.06), distance between eyes 0.23–0.29 (0.27), length of aedeagus 0.66, length of receptacle 0.15, length of vaginal palpi 0.35.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6BD67188FFC78630FECB2228CC93FC31" box="[264,1266,875,899]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171268/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[335,1264,294,859]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC78630FECB2228CC93FC31" blockId="5.[264,1266,875,899]" box="[264,1266,875,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FECB2228C9F7FC30" bold="true" box="[264,406,875,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC78630FE672228CAF7FC31" box="[420,662,875,898]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrulatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FE672228CAF7FC31" box="[420,662,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Longitarsus serrulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="16EE4069FFC78630FD5F2228CA8EFC31" box="[668,751,875,898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
11. spermatheca; 12. vaginal palpi; 13. tignum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC78630FEFB22F5C91AFB93" blockId="5.[264,1323,950,1896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FEFB22F5C9E4FC63" bold="true" box="[312,389,950,976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="E0129FA2FFC78630FEFB22F5C91FFC63" box="[312,382,950,976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Types</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="E0129FA2FFC78630FE5022F5CA61FC63" box="[403,512,950,976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
♂. Labels 1)
<collectingCountry id="47BE6190FFC78630FD6D22F5CA8EFC63" box="[686,751,950,976]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">India</collectingCountry>
: Kerala Vellayani
<date id="4B1707C0FFC78630FC1222F5CC59FC63" box="[977,1080,950,976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2002-10-07">7.x.2002</date>
Prathapan Coll.
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FACA22F5CD4BFC7C" box="[1289,1322,950,975]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ex.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC78630FECB229DC938FC4B" box="[264,345,990,1016]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Coleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Coleus</taxonomicName>
2)
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC78630FE46229DCAF3FC44" box="[389,658,990,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrulatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FE46229DCAF3FC44" box="[389,658,990,1015]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Longitarsus serrulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="16EE4069FFC78630FD5F229DCA99FC4B" box="[668,760,990,1016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Prathapan, Faizal &amp; Anith, 2004 3)
<typeStatus id="E0129FA2FFC78630FB7E229DCD4BFC4B" box="[1213,1322,990,1016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(BMNH).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC78630FEFB256DCAD0FB73" blockId="5.[264,1323,950,1896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<typeStatus id="E0129FA2FFC78630FEFB256DC9CFFBFB" box="[312,430,1070,1096]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
<specimenCount id="29AFEA89FFC78630FE7F256DC997FBF2" box="[444,502,1070,1096]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">11 ♂</specimenCount>
, 10 Ψ, same data as for
<typeStatus id="E0129FA2FFC78630FCEF256DCBF2FBFB" box="[812,915,1070,1096]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(2 BMNH, 2 UASB, 7 NPC, 10 KDPC);
<specimenCount id="29AFEA89FFC78630FEB62515C9D0FBDA" box="[373,433,1110,1136]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">11 ♂</specimenCount>
,10 Ψ, same data as for
<typeStatus id="E0129FA2FFC78630FD252515CB2CFBC3" box="[742,845,1110,1136]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
except dating
<date id="4B1707C0FFC78630FBC92515CC18FBC3" box="[1034,1145,1110,1136]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2004-01-17">17.i.2004</date>
and lack “
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FACA2515CD42FBDC" box="[1289,1315,1110,1135]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ex</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC78630FECB253DC93DFB2B" box="[264,348,1150,1176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Coleus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Coleus</taxonomicName>
” (All KDPC);
<specimenCount id="29AFEA89FFC78630FDD6253DCA2FFB22" box="[533,590,1150,1176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">17 ♂</specimenCount>
, 46 Ψ, same data as for
<typeStatus id="E0129FA2FFC78630FCBD253DCB84FB2B" box="[894,997,1150,1176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
except dating
<date id="4B1707C0FFC78630FB5A253DCD69FB2B" box="[1177,1288,1150,1176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2004-06-06">6.vi.2004</date>
(2 USNM, 2 MCZ, 5 NPC, 54 KDPC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B3728BFFC78630FEFB258DCC82FB5B" box="[312,1251,1230,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC78630FEFB258DCC82FB5B" blockId="5.[264,1323,950,1896]" box="[312,1251,1230,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FEFB258DC9A5FB5B" bold="true" box="[312,452,1230,1256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC78630FD60258DCB7BFB54" box="[675,794,1230,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrulatus">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FD60258DCB7BFB54" box="[675,794,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">serrulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
refers to the serrulate metatibial spine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B3728BFFC78630FEFB25B5C9AFFA6B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC78630FEFB25B5C9AFFA6B" blockId="5.[264,1323,950,1896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FEFB25B5C9D6FAA3" bold="true" box="[312,439,1270,1296]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC78630FE0325B5CA37FABC" box="[448,598,1270,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrulatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FE0325B5CA37FABC" box="[448,598,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L. serrulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="16EE4069FFC78630FD9D25B5CADBFAA3" box="[606,698,1270,1296]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC78630FCFC25B5CC5FFAA3" authority="Maulik (1926)" authorityName="Maulik" authorityYear="1926" box="[831,1086,1270,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sari">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FCFC25B5CBEDFABC" box="[831,908,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L. sari</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5B385CF1FFC78630FC5725B5CC5FFAA3" author="Maulik" box="[916,1086,1270,1296]" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" refString="Maulik, S. (1926) The Fauna of British India including Burma and Ceylon. Coleoptera. Chrysomelidae. (Chrysomelinae and Halticinae). &quot; Taylor and Francis &quot;, London, 442 pp." type="book" year="1926">Maulik (1926)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC78630FBB925B5C9E2FA8B" authority="Maulik (1926)" authorityName="Maulik" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puncti">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FBB925B5CC82FABC" box="[1146,1251,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">L. puncti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5B385CF1FFC78630FB2825B5C9E2FA8B" author="Maulik" pageId="5" pageNumber="8" refString="Maulik, S. (1926) The Fauna of British India including Burma and Ceylon. Coleoptera. Chrysomelidae. (Chrysomelinae and Halticinae). &quot; Taylor and Francis &quot;, London, 442 pp." type="book" year="1926">Maulik (1926)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. But it can be distinguished from these by the unique structure of metatibial spine which is serrulate on its either side dorsally in the new species. The metatibial spine is not serrulate in any other species of south Indian
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC78630FC4D242DCC7BFA34" box="[910,1050,1390,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FC4D242DCC7BFA34" box="[910,1050,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Longitarsus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The dorsal opening, which is as long as half of the median lobe of the aedeagus, is another diagnostic feature of this new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B3728BFFC78632FEFB24A5CB30FC6D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC78630FEFB24A5CC86F943" blockId="5.[264,1323,950,1896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FEFB24A5C9FDF9B3" bold="true" box="[312,412,1510,1536]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Biology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC78630FE6A24A5CADBFA4C" box="[425,698,1510,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrulatus">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FE6A24A5CADBFA4C" box="[425,698,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Longitarsus serrulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
feeds on three different host plants, belonging to
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC78630FECB274DC9E6F99B" box="[264,391,1550,1576]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FE50274DC9D2F994" box="[403,435,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">viz</emphasis>
. Chinese potato
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC78630FD46274DCC7AF99B" authority="Indian" authorityName="Indian" box="[645,1051,1550,1576]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolius">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FD46274DCBDCF994" box="[645,957,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Plectranthus rotundifolius</emphasis>
, Indian
</taxonomicName>
borage
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC78630FB41274DCD4AF994" box="[1154,1323,1550,1575]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amboinicus">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FB41274DCD4AF994" box="[1154,1323,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. amboinicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and painted nettle
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC78630FE272775CACEF9FC" box="[484,687,1590,1615]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scutellarioides">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FE272775CACEF9FC" box="[484,687,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. scutellarioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC78630FD0B2775CB1CF9FC" box="[712,893,1590,1615]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolius">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FD0B2775CB1CF9FC" box="[712,893,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. rotundifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a small herbaceous bushy annual with succulent stem and aromatic leaves, bearing cluster of dark brown, aromatic, underground tubers.
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC78630FE0B27C5CA0FF92C" box="[456,622,1670,1695]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amboinicus">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FE0B27C5CA0FF92C" box="[456,622,1670,1695]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. amboinicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a thick succulent herb, is mainly cultivated for its leaves that are used as an ingredient in ethnic medicine and for flavouring food.
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC78630FB4627EDC956F95C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scutellarioides">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC78630FB4627EDC956F95C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. scutellarioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a perennial herb grown as an ornamental garden plant for its colourful leaves.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC78633FEFB27BDCAAFFE4D" blockId="5.[264,1323,950,1896]" lastBlockId="6.[264,1323,284,510]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
On all three host plants, leaf damage was caused by adult beetles which are mainly nocturnal. They scrape the epidermis and soft leaf tissue on the dorsal side, leaving dark patches of feeding scars which later develop into “shot holes”. Numerous discontinuous scars of approximately
<quantity id="F8518CE5FFC48633FDD9205FCA3FFE85" box="[538,606,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
2 were noticed on leaves. Adjacent scars often coalesce, leaving large areas of leaves damaged. The damage on the host plants was assessed by observing percentage leaf infestation, number of feeding scars per leaf and percentage leaf area damaged. The latter two were measured from one leaf each from the top, middle and bottom strata of a single twig, selected at random. The observations were made on three twigs. The results are given in table 1.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6BD67188FFC48633FECB2375CD40FDFE" ID-Table-UUID="6BD67188FFC48633FECB2375CD40FDFE" box="[264,1313,566,590]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6BD67188FFC48633FECB2375CD40FDFE" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[264,1316,764,928]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC48633FECB2375CD40FDFE" blockId="6.[264,1313,566,590]" box="[264,1313,566,590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC48633FECB2375C91AFDFD" bold="true" box="[264,379,566,590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Extent of leaf damage by adult beetles of
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC48633FC872375CC57FDFE" box="[836,1078,566,589]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrulatus">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC48633FC872375CC57FDFE" box="[836,1078,566,589]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Longitarsus serrulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on three host plants *
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC48633FEC82334CC96FD3F" blockId="6.[267,1315,631,737]" box="[267,1271,631,652]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Name of host Leaves Number of feeding scars / leaf Leaf area damaged (%)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC48633FDDF23D4CA09FD1F" blockId="6.[267,1315,631,737]" box="[540,616,663,684]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">infested</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC48633FD5723EFCA27FD7F" blockId="6.[267,1315,631,737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Upper Middle Lower Mean Upper Middle Lower Mean (%)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC48632FD62238FC9D2FC8D" blockId="6.[267,1315,631,737]" lastBlockId="7.[264,1325,284,990]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
leaf leaf leaf leaf leaf leaf In Chinese potato, all observed leaves of the plant were found scraped and eaten. The number of feeding scars were minimal on upper leaves, progressively increasing on lower leaves in a twig. However the percentage leaf area damage was more on younger leaves compared to older ones, indicating a marked preference for younger leaves by the beetles. In the other two host plants, there was no damage on upper leaves. The number of feeding scars, as well as percentage leaf area damaged, increased with age of leaf, showing preference for older leaves. These observations would suggest that the beetle has close association with secondary metabolites of the host plant. The indication is that the secondary metabolites present in upper leaves of
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC58632FD10202FCBE6FE36" box="[723,903,364,389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolius">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC58632FD10202FCBE6FE36" box="[723,903,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. rotundifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
act as a phagostimulant for beetles while those in the other two hosts may be acting as deterrents. Immature stages of
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC58632FB0720D7C920FE66" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrulatus">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC58632FB0720D7C920FE66" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. serrulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found in the root zone of
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC58632FD2B20FFCBC3FE66" box="[744,930,444,469]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolius">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC58632FD2B20FFCBC3FE66" box="[744,930,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. rotundifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only. Only adult feeding was observed on the other two hosts. Larvae probably feed on the roots of
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC58632FB8520A7CC98FE4E" box="[1094,1273,484,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolius">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC58632FB8520A7CC98FE4E" box="[1094,1273,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. rotundifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and pupation occurs in earthen cells in the soil.
<collectingCountry id="47BE6190FFC58632FCC4234FCB49FD95" box="[775,808,524,550]" name="American Samoa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">As</collectingCountry>
many as nine larvae and
<specimenCount id="29AFEA89FFC58632FB90234FCCDEFD95" box="[1107,1215,524,550]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="pupa">15 pupae</specimenCount>
could be detected in
<quantity id="F8518CE5FFC58632FE512377C98BFDFD" box="[402,490,564,590]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="cm" value="100.0">100 cm</quantity>
³ soil drawn from the root zone (top
<quantity id="F8518CE5FFC58632FC5D2377CB89FDFD" box="[926,1000,564,590]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
of soil) of
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC58632FBAC2377CD42FDFE" box="[1135,1315,564,589]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolius">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC58632FBAC2377CD42FDFE" box="[1135,1315,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. rotundifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus,
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC58632FE92231FCA62FDC6" box="[337,515,604,629]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolius">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC58632FE92231FCA62FDC6" box="[337,515,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. rotundifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the true host plant on which
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC58632FCAD231FCC62FDC6" box="[878,1027,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrulatus">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC58632FCAD231FCC62FDC6" box="[878,1027,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. serrulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
breeds while
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC58632FB66231FC94EFD2E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amboinicus">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC58632FB66231FC94EFD2E" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. amboinicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC58632FEAE23C7CA58FD2E" box="[365,569,644,669]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scutellarioides">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC58632FEAE23C7CA58FD2E" box="[365,569,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. scutellarioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
serve as collateral adult food plants.
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC58632FBCB23C7CCC1FD2E" box="[1032,1184,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrulatus">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC58632FBCB23C7CCC1FD2E" box="[1032,1184,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">L. serrulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is likely to become a serious pest of
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC58632FDF623EFCA88FD76" box="[565,745,684,709]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolius">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC58632FDF623EFCA88FD76" box="[565,745,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. rotundifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to dual feeding of both larvae and adults on the roots and leaves respectively, affecting transport of nutrients as well as photosynthetic efficiency of the plant, the most important physiological parameters having direct bearing on tuber yield.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC48633FEC823BFCA41FC13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<table id="4DA9D3A0FFC479CAFECB23BFCD45FC13" box="[264,1316,764,928]" gridcols="7" gridrows="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<tr id="81992342FFC479CAFECB23BFCD45FCA2" box="[264,1316,764,785]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFECB23BFCA33FCA2" box="[264,594,764,785]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC48633FEC823BFCA67FCA2" box="[267,518,764,785]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolius">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC48633FEC823BFCA67FCA2" box="[267,518,764,785]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Plectranthus rotundifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
100
</th>
<th id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFD6523BFCADFFCA2" box="[678,702,764,785]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">77</th>
<th id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFD2A23BFCB7EFCA2" box="[745,799,764,785]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">140</th>
<th id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFCF823BFCBAEFCA2" box="[827,975,764,785]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">223.33 146.78</th>
<th id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFC3023BFCC48FCA2" box="[1011,1065,764,785]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">23.62</th>
<th id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFB8A23BFCC1EFCA2" box="[1097,1151,764,785]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">16.66</th>
<th id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFB6323BFCD45FCA2" box="[1184,1316,764,785]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">18.34 19.54</th>
</tr>
<tr id="81992342FFC479CAFECB226FCD45FCF2" box="[264,1316,812,833]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFECB226FCA33FCF2" box="[264,594,812,833]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC48633FEC8226FC9F3FCF2" box="[267,402,812,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amboinicus">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC48633FEC8226FC9F3FCF2" box="[267,402,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. amboinicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
50.92
</th>
<td id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFD65226FCADFFCF2" box="[678,702,812,833]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0</td>
<td id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFD2A226FCB7EFCF2" box="[745,799,812,833]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">36.33</td>
<td id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFCF8226FCBAEFCF2" box="[827,975,812,833]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">257.67 98.0</td>
<td id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFC30226FCC48FCF2" box="[1011,1065,812,833]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0</td>
<td id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFB8A226FCC1EFCF2" box="[1097,1151,812,833]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1.95</td>
<td id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFB63226FCD45FCF2" box="[1184,1316,812,833]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">13.42 5.12</td>
</tr>
<tr id="81992342FFC479CAFECB221FCD45FCC2" box="[264,1316,860,881]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFECB221FCA33FCC2" box="[264,594,860,881]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC48633FEC8221FC9D1FCC2" box="[267,432,860,881]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scutellarioides">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC48633FEC8221FC9D1FCC2" box="[267,432,860,881]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. scutellarioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
66.69
</th>
<td id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFD65221FCADFFCC2" box="[678,702,860,881]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0</td>
<td id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFD2A221FCB7EFCC2" box="[745,799,860,881]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">59.33</td>
<td id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFCF8221FCBAEFCC2" box="[827,975,860,881]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">155.33 71.55</td>
<td id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFC30221FCC48FCC2" box="[1011,1065,860,881]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0</td>
<td id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFB8A221FCC1EFCC2" box="[1097,1151,860,881]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2.78</td>
<td id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFB63221FCD45FCC2" box="[1184,1316,860,881]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5.08 2.62</td>
</tr>
<tr id="81992342FFC479CAFECB22C8CD45FC13" box="[264,1316,907,928]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="C2484A3EFFC479CAFECB22C8CA33FC13" box="[264,594,907,928]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">* Mean of three observations</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="6BD67188FFC48633FECB274CC992F9FA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/171269/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[271,1316,967,1540]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC48633FECB274CC992F9FA" blockId="6.[264,1323,1551,1609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC48633FECB274CC9FCF994" bold="true" box="[264,413,1551,1575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
Leaves damaged by adults: (L to R)
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC48633FCA3274CCD4AF995" box="[864,1323,1551,1574]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC48633FCA3274CCC1EF995" box="[864,1151,1551,1574]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolius">Plectranthus rotundifolius</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC48633FB53274CCD4AF995" box="[1168,1323,1551,1574]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amboinicus">P. amboinicus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC48633FEF62771C98DF9FA" box="[309,492,1586,1609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Plectranthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scutellarioides">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC48633FEF62771C98DF9FA" box="[309,492,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. scutellarioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3F162100FFC58632FEFB220FCB30FC6D" blockId="7.[264,1325,284,990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<bibRefCitation id="5B385CF1FFC58632FEFB220FCADAFCD5" author="Jolivet" box="[312,699,844,870]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Jolivet, P. &amp; Hawkeswood, T. J. (1995) Host-plants of Chrysomelidae of the world: An Essay about the Relationships between the Leaf-beetles and their Food-plants. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 281 pp." type="book" year="1995">Jolivet and Hawkeswood (1995)</bibRefCitation>
, who reviewed the host plants of the
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC58632FBB8220FCD4CFCD5" box="[1147,1325,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysomelidae</taxonomicName>
of the world, listed 34 genera of
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC58632FD492237CB68FC3D" box="[650,777,884,910]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
as hosts of
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC58632FC562237CC40FC3E" box="[917,1057,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC58632FC562237CC40FC3E" box="[917,1057,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Longitarsus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. This appears to be the first report of
<taxonomicName id="F8A95A83FFC58632FDDA22DFCAC4FC06" box="[537,677,924,949]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Longitarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC58632FDDA22DFCAC4FC06" box="[537,677,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Longitarsus</emphasis>
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feeding on
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<emphasis id="0DDDFD12FFC58632FCF222DFCBA6FC06" box="[817,967,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Plectranthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This also is the first report of a chrysomelid feeding on Chinese potato in
<collectingCountry id="47BE6190FFC58632FCCE2287CB2CFC6D" box="[781,845,964,990]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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Poa granitica disparillis (
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.)
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<taxonomicName id="7A3444F8ED080435E1CE31C79608BC51" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa cenisia" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="cenisia">Poa cenisia</taxonomicName>
≡
<taxonomicName id="E310412080212450DEDF8FAD957FFA4D" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa cenisia subsp. var. var. disparillis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="variety" species="cenisia" subSpecies="var." variety="disparillis">Poa cenisia subsp. granitica var. disparillis</taxonomicName>
(
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.)
<normalizedToken id="8F20E84766817C28C10CD37347162E8D" originalValue="Nyár">Nyar</normalizedToken>
. &amp; Borza, Consp. Fl. Roman. 1: 16 (1947); WFO: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0001284854
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="A8E75FDDC194D3E66708AEDD3B720378" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="granitica">Poa granitica</taxonomicName>
≡
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<normalizedToken id="95900A6B0AD9F73D692B486B6E817CC6" originalValue="Nyár">Nyar</normalizedToken>
.,
<normalizedToken id="98067510D2D362C2C80DEB081BFC37D6" originalValue="Veröff">Veroeff</normalizedToken>
. Geobot. Inst.
<normalizedToken id="5F56FF20F33F4F286F2B7A440008CF51" originalValue="Rübel">Ruebel</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B999765B611A68ED86198D1F3134A4AD" originalValue="Zürich">Zuerich</normalizedToken>
10: 173 (1933); WFO: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0001250690
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=
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.,
<normalizedToken id="834FC8F8A6E4E833B81251C3B786ABBB" originalValue="Veröff">Veroeff</normalizedToken>
. Geobot. Inst.
<normalizedToken id="D06607954032EE82A02FD3C75D5F7522" originalValue="Rübel">Ruebel</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="6755848FD7CBF64884358CDD9804C5A2" originalValue="Zürich">Zuerich</normalizedToken>
10: 173 (1933); GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/species/4136051; IPNI: https://www.ipni.org/n/416647-1; WFO: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000891305; POWO: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/416647-1
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<taxonomicName id="A08DB5783984523D65D3E467F830AE90" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa cenisia" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="cenisia">Poa cenisia</taxonomicName>
=
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<emphasis id="78EC2FF0C3ADE419C9095967443EF40C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Poa cenisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[unranked] b
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<emphasis id="EDC3919A99F566D21EBAB46A9A796156" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Poa pietrosuana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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., Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 6: 227 (1911) *; GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/species/5947644; IPNI: https://www.ipni.org/n/77288143-1; WFO: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000891923; POWO: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/77288143-1
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<taxonomicName id="A3F1FFB5FC1E14086DDD5B9FAEB291E1" authorityName="Chrtek &amp; V.Jirasek" authorityYear="1964" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa deylii" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="deylii">Poa deylii</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="B2F8500C75BA1FF00632A3D81C452FB9" authorityName="Chrtek &amp; V.Jirasek" authorityYear="1964" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa deylii" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="deylii">
<emphasis id="2F2CDE3DE3153426E39BF2861FA96538" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Poa deylii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Chrtek &amp; V.
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, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 69: 177 (1964) *; GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/species/4124344; IPNI: https://www.ipni.org/n/416895-1; WFO: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000892132; POWO: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/416895-1
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="1EB9DAF0CA0731F53875F45DF50EAE1D" authorityName="Chrtek &amp; V.Jirasek" authorityYear="1964" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa deylii" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="deylii">Poa deylii</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="6117E4D016BF954F3EC9CE84B4416C0B" authorityName="Ghisa &amp; Beldie" authorityYear="1972" baseAuthorityName="Nyar." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" form="breazensis" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa deylii subsp. f. var. deylii" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="form" species="deylii" subSpecies="f." variety="deylii">Poa deylii var. deylii f. breazensis</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="2020D9A42C13E55CF6D276BE850060B0" originalValue="Nyár">Nyar</normalizedToken>
.)
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&amp; Beldie, Fl. Rep. Soc. Rom. 12: 399 (1972); GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/species/4124343; IPNI: https://www.ipni.org/n/882798-1; WFO: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000892133; POWO: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/882798-1
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<taxonomicName id="EEACCA126DB97456ACDDA58EC8ED1929" authorityName="Chrtek &amp; V.Jirasek" authorityYear="1964" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa deylii" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="deylii">Poa deylii</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="389B8AE1E769D03AE13C524BD45318C7" authorityName="Ghisa &amp; Beldie" authorityYear="1972" baseAuthorityName="Zapal." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" form="pietrosuana" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa deylii subsp. f. var. deylii" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="form" species="deylii" subSpecies="f." variety="deylii">Poa deylii var. deylii f. pietrosuana</taxonomicName>
(
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.)
<normalizedToken id="D9E9CA325F5B07595050EFF41A113921" originalValue="Ghișa">Ghișa</normalizedToken>
&amp; Beldie, Fl. Rep. Soc. Rom. 12: 399 (1972); GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/species/4139450; IPNI: https://www.ipni.org/n/882799-1; WFO: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000892134; POWO: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/882799-1
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<paragraph id="7759D078D989D224A7667B0A03C12ECF" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="30DA57A8D1A486D26C72BE7739C92E70" authorityName="Chrtek &amp; V.Jirasek" authorityYear="1964" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa deylii" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="deylii">Poa deylii</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="B50EAAF15781F8E415F022B2E0103F4F" authorityName="Ghisa &amp; Beldie" authorityYear="1972" baseAuthorityName="Nyar." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" form="subgranitica" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa deylii subsp. f. var. deylii" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="form" species="deylii" subSpecies="f." variety="deylii">Poa deylii var. deylii f. subgranitica</taxonomicName>
(
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.)
<normalizedToken id="CE7E4DDADB0D59582A0996C29F8F019B" originalValue="Ghișa">Ghișa</normalizedToken>
&amp; Beldie, Fl. Rep. Soc. Rom. 12: 399 (1972); GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/species/4139468; IPNI: https://www.ipni.org/n/882801-1; WFO: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000892135; POWO: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/882801-1
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9CA98FAC7DF98F0839F644E5628B6A7B" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="332F5A41C0EC30C2A336FFC888E80573" authorityName="Chrtek &amp; V.Jirasek" authorityYear="1964" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa deylii" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="deylii">Poa deylii</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="7103EAD2664ABD911C69E06C9BAC1EA7" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa deylii subsp. retezatensis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="deylii" subSpecies="retezatensis">Poa deylii subsp. retezatensis</taxonomicName>
(A.
<normalizedToken id="A693297F4B10D8EFBF13F5D42B110CC8" originalValue="Nyár">Nyar</normalizedToken>
.) Chrtek, Oesterr. Bot. Z., 115 (4-5): 424 (1968); GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/species/7826350
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE44FB7DECEDA3F10D13AFACDC74A694" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="93A3EC71BE14DB67220855627F93705B" authorityName="Chrtek &amp; V.Jirasek" authorityYear="1964" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa deylii" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="deylii">Poa deylii</taxonomicName>
=
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(A.
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.)
<normalizedToken id="CEE380144EF79D830CA611549256AD4A" originalValue="Ghișa">Ghișa</normalizedToken>
&amp; Beldie, Fl. Rep. Soc. Rom. 12: 399 (1972); GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/species/4139461; IPNI: https://www.ipni.org/n/882800-1; WFO: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000892136; POWO: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/882800-1
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9923190AA57C11C05BA4827691E2D1F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="43E74C4E08DDA2691C29C4F4312E54DC" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="granitica">Poa granitica</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="3139F11D239595E13DB988B478FB72D0" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" form="pietrosuana" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica subsp. f. var. disparillis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="form" species="granitica" subSpecies="f." variety="disparillis">Poa granitica var. disparillis f. pietrosuana</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="918B63E3186CC8FA78DBC61422403D15" originalValue="Zapał">Zapal</normalizedToken>
.)
<normalizedToken id="3D5F290756A972306303355851B433D1" originalValue="Nyár">Nyar</normalizedToken>
.,
<normalizedToken id="1E568CF760BC80275B5C52965F89F90F" originalValue="Veröff">Veroeff</normalizedToken>
. Geobot. Inst.
<normalizedToken id="A8F181F9DB823C8C8E4F5F5278F9AFC7" originalValue="Rübel">Ruebel</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="9DD27E958752364EF8E61AB122A15DD5" originalValue="Zürich">Zuerich</normalizedToken>
10: 173 (1933)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A3363FE0698364EFCB821958A850DDEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="96DDF585EE118760BEF9EEE9B7BF9AE4" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="granitica">Poa granitica</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="E12253D00AD06A613CEC16089079D72A" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica subsp. var. var. subgranitica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="variety" species="granitica" subSpecies="var." variety="subgranitica">Poa granitica subsp. disparillis var. subgranitica</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="C588A834CF234F6A7BD7833C345A580A" originalValue="Nyár">Nyar</normalizedToken>
., Rev. Roumaine Biol.,
<normalizedToken id="B2B715E245CFB64BC2F8E6E7753B175B" originalValue="Sér">Ser</normalizedToken>
. Bot. 10: 355 (1965); GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/species/5947643; IPNI: https://www.ipni.org/n/77288847-1; WFO: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000892475; POWO: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/77288847-1
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="01CC469845C3474E18A4C168D478C06F" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="F6D74F5F6A77D99BF2E5C7E17DB1DEC1" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="granitica">Poa granitica</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="8F74FCABF2FC728D7CE0A6839826CE7E" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica subsp. retezatensis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="granitica" subSpecies="retezatensis">Poa granitica subsp. retezatensis</taxonomicName>
A.
<normalizedToken id="E1E838A1695F755233FB91E78453E9E9" originalValue="Nyár">Nyar</normalizedToken>
., Rev. Roumaine Biol.,
<normalizedToken id="5FA80ECE57823582BCBF490201E7C8EE" originalValue="Sér">Ser</normalizedToken>
. Bot. 10: 356 (1965); GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/species/5947642; IPNI: https://www.ipni.org/n/77260385-1; WFO: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000892474; POWO: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/77260385-1
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B2ED7945AAD0C3516C01EA5A31E56B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="8C8395DDE0351E4B2BB9B39F8AD56346" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="granitica">Poa granitica</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="83D87A9843AF50731E777815CE9F8167" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica subsp. subcarpatica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="granitica" subSpecies="subcarpatica">Poa granitica subsp. subcarpatica</taxonomicName>
(V.
<normalizedToken id="D6CA287299A9CB5A66ACE040DC2CFAC1" originalValue="Jirásek">Jirasek</normalizedToken>
) Fodor, Flora Zakarpattia: 182 (1974)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C0135E738C6BC12FF51920B756AE082" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="8098DC45096568922589F617E3B47043" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="granitica">Poa granitica</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="D7AFCC9530AE9AC7201CC5CF639068DE" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica subsp. var. var. subcarpatica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="variety" species="granitica" subSpecies="var." variety="subcarpatica">Poa granitica var. subcarpatica</taxonomicName>
V.
<normalizedToken id="89E1AA8AD263274B09C5AB4239E00E87" originalValue="Jirásek">Jirasek</normalizedToken>
, Vest.
<normalizedToken id="44586F9FE0EA4D6D578438A1BC3B2D40" originalValue="Král">Kral</normalizedToken>
.
<normalizedToken id="C0B71C3E030C0A4ABAA9C60EB904B23F" originalValue="Ceské">Ceske</normalizedToken>
Spol.
<normalizedToken id="5AF47E1E98D434EF366D1F279CDD7B49" originalValue="Náuk">Nauk</normalizedToken>
1935: 11 (1936)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="33FACC2A7857C61B3804CCA68C9F4ECC" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="37F45F6A1DDB73BF9C7F3388BB0C834F" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="granitica">Poa granitica</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="FCFCF2FC643D9991DD3C59BDF2452AA6" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica subsp. var. var. typica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="variety" species="granitica" subSpecies="var." variety="typica">Poa granitica var. typica</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="26ECD50970A3709E84F6252BDD0266E3" originalValue="Nyár">Nyar</normalizedToken>
.,
<normalizedToken id="AC58B4E1EDA28AC131DA1209BF170582" originalValue="Veröff">Veroeff</normalizedToken>
. Geobot. Inst.
<normalizedToken id="9ADB083FEDB4C4045309A573C4BB98B6" originalValue="Rübel">Ruebel</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C2075B9A0F538DB5CF97CEF0B7F9197D" originalValue="Zürich">Zuerich</normalizedToken>
10: 171-172 (1933)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D93F2683163B440329CDA1203FE5295" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="A9F27760B1BAFADDBD13758FB3C1FEEA" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="granitica">Poa granitica</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="C7909FB1720CED66D24B81FA79F9B5AA" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" form="deminuta" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica subsp. f. var. typica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="form" species="granitica" subSpecies="f." variety="typica">Poa granitica var. typica f. deminuta</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="7A6E00ECDB0686D0D90614132CDB254C" originalValue="Nyár">Nyar</normalizedToken>
.,
<normalizedToken id="7617CC405F52CE595930E65ACBA95F8E" originalValue="Veröff">Veroeff</normalizedToken>
. Geobot. Inst.
<normalizedToken id="9FF921A2015C12D79BE95851DEA10B93" originalValue="Rübel">Ruebel</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4B4BCD5C9F97213168E825FF6D2C6140" originalValue="Zürich">Zuerich</normalizedToken>
10: 172 (1933)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ADE9FE2215D4A35B03FA88D7986A1AD3" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="7A3A519D51887F30EC814FF5608241D0" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa cenisia" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="cenisia">Poa cenisia</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName id="73BD32C538B6C5973B13E5D919B222FE" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa cenisia" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="cenisia">
<emphasis id="E61F0BAD4E9EDCEEA20432C3AD39A1ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Poa cenisia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
All., Auct. Fl. Pedem.: 40 (1789) [p. p., tantum quod plantas ucrain. carpat.]; GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/species/4137228; IPNI: https://www.ipni.org/n/30482705-2; WFO: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000891913; POWO: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/30482705-2; BHL: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/52551645#page/52
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C73C9B33D852F423DE0AB145853ACB07" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="C64158CF1AE3049644102BBB482EFFC9" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="granitica">Poa granitica</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName id="F9354219144D1222A78E4CF327FD341A" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="granitica">
<emphasis id="3516D7A0DD30BEC927F2678BCCD8CCF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Poa granitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Braun-Blanq., Arch. Bot., Caen, Bull. 3: 46 (1929) [p. p., tantum quod plantas ucrain. carpat.] *; GBIF: https://www.gbif.org/species/4121637; IPNI: https://www.ipni.org/n/417145-1; WFO: http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000892473; POWO: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/417145-1
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8F17EA508A635E6AE6F56E48588C0C15" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
<taxonomicName id="FDADCE9B79147A252D6D43D69ECA4726" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="granitica">Poa granitica</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName id="A45B462432ACBEA655593DE98822DCC5" authority="subsp. granitica" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica subsp. granitica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="granitica" subSpecies="granitica">Poa granitica subsp. granitica</taxonomicName>
Braun-Blanq., Arch. Bot., Caen, Bull. 3: 46 (1929) sensu Tasenkevich [non sensu orig, ex herb. LWS] *
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B4BF6E337D1203E5A19CBE74D48F6C58" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="8D328103F0439BC1482A92B6A607918A" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2DA8D08D92E4E7DB13ADEB1542B038F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
In Ukraine - LC (
<bibRefCitation id="371EEDB5167EC744B1EE7C46D99E228D" author="Onyshchenko, V. A." journalOrPublisher="M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" refId="B9530125" refString="Onyshchenko, V. A., Mosyakin, S. L., Korotchenko, I. A., Danylyk, I. M., Burlaka, M. D., Olshanskyi, I. H., Shiyan, N. M., Zhygalova, S. L., Tymchenko, I. A., Kolomiychuk, V. P., Novikov, A. V., Chorney, I. I., Kish, R. Y., Shevera, M. V., Fedoronchuk, M. M., Protopopova, V. V., 2022. IUCN Red List categories of vascular plant species of Ukrainian flora. M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv" title="IUCN Red List categories of vascular plant species of Ukrainian flora" year="2022">Onyshchenko et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
). Global - DD (
<bibRefCitation id="EADAB4350A1F9601206158BC46FDE941" author="Bilz, M." journalOrPublisher="The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" pagination=": e. T 162408 A 5587454" refId="B10022434" refString="Bilz, M., 2011. Poa granitica ssp. disparilis (Europe assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T162408A5587454" title="Poa granitica ssp. disparilis (Europe assessment)" volume="2011" year="2011">Bilz 2011b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7E78AB842662AFF734440067694FB9B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6EBDB4C04A737F157B4EF458AB6FE0A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3C266067817A88D87372C433E769851F" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">SE Carpathian endemic.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BD310EEB2B0B9197AD6B97A97D6968EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" type="notes">
<paragraph id="DBC58F8E4C9C96326B0D8A63D9509815" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="245D48F1250D0F01AF95CD1BA8BA865C" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
Two (https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/417145-1, accessed on 05.06.2023) to three (https://europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/b36321f1-3c80-4639-aa91-71b74301d317, accessed on 05.06.2023) subspecies are recognised within
<taxonomicName id="06BB174856C7A931856D62C9B279383A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. granitica subsp. disparillis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="granitica" subSpecies="disparillis">P. granitica Braun-Blanq. viz subsp. granitica (distributed in the Polish and Slovakian Carpathians), subsp. disparillis</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="D99054D12AA95DFF25F6D274315245AF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. deylii" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="deylii">
<emphasis id="68158DFB9AC3182C6AC70EF074C80895" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">P. deylii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Chrtek &amp; V.
<normalizedToken id="74D4A780A735172D17A8D0C9A5E064F4" originalValue="Jirásek">Jirasek</normalizedToken>
; distributed in the Polish, Ukrainian and Romanian Carpathians) and subsp.
<taxonomicName id="DFFDDB2F65580BF97DAA7919B1ECB99F" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa deylii subsp. retezatensis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="deylii" subSpecies="retezatensis">Poa deylii retezatensis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="417E5415683BC84CE441A33477D9D96D" originalValue="Nyár">Nyar</normalizedToken>
. (distributed exclusively in the Romanian Carpathians and is sometimes considered a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="F1D51A05FC876C78034171509068CE02" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. granitica subsp. disparillis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="granitica" subSpecies="disparillis">P. granitica subsp. disparillis</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EB30D718A9BB4DC78655DF701FC9AA6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">
POWO (https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/417145-1, accessed on 05.06.2023) indicates the presence of both subspecies (i.e. subsp.
<taxonomicName id="30871CEF076D37E992C490F86ED7C4B7" authority="granitica" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica subsp. granitica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="granitica" subSpecies="granitica">Poa granitica granitica</taxonomicName>
and subsp.
<taxonomicName id="9AFFA599BAAAAFBBE13436853638795B" authorityName="Nyar., Rev. Roumaine Biol., Ser. Bot. 10: 355" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Nyar." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Poa" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Poa granitica subsp. disparillis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="granitica" subSpecies="disparillis">Poa granitica disparillis</taxonomicName>
) in the Ukrainian Carpathians. These two subspecies seem to be phylogenetically close, but considered to be geographically isolated (
<bibRefCitation id="A08D808B7F16F35BA0DB7939EEDDE158" author="Chrtek, J." journalOrPublisher="Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" pagination="176 - 180" refId="B9525975" refString="Chrtek, J., Jirasek, V., 1964. Poa deylii sp. nova, eine neue Rispengrasart in den Karpaten. Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 69: 176 - 180" title="Poa deylii sp. nova, eine neue Rispengrasart in den Karpaten" volume="69" year="1964">
Chrtek and
<normalizedToken id="36DC8984C77055D8F169CD41032D38A7" originalValue="Jirásek">Jirasek</normalizedToken>
1964
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="DFD2E9291F959301E9D913E3761DB322" author="Filipas, L." journalOrPublisher="Contributii Botanice" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" pagination="13 - 19" refId="B9526235" refString="Filipas, L., Puscas, M., Ursu, T., Stoica, I. A., Coldea, G., 2009. On the occurrence of the Poa granitica group in the Romanian Carpathians. Contributii Botanice 44: 13 - 19" title="On the occurrence of the Poa granitica group in the Romanian Carpathians" volume="44" year="2009">
<normalizedToken id="E36B2704687D7546F1216E58F78B7F01" originalValue="Filipaş">Filipas</normalizedToken>
et al. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E4444517CB630B19BD11E96E7FA6C2D6" author="Băcilă, I." journalOrPublisher="Contributii Botanice" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" pagination="7 - 12" refId="B9525459" refString="Băcilă, I., Suteu, D., Coste, A., Filipas, L., Ursu, T., Stoica, I. A., Hurdu, B. -I., Puscas, M., Coldea, G., 2010. The Poa granitica group in the Carpathian Mountains: some molecular insights. Contributii Botanice 45: 7 - 12" title="The Poa granitica group in the Carpathian Mountains: some molecular insights" volume="45" year="2010">
<normalizedToken id="CDBB0D248DF7625A62C94DEC0F4BFA1E" originalValue="Băcilă">Băcilă</normalizedToken>
et al. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
). However, there are no confirmed occurrences of
<taxonomicName id="C931A054DC11586DC403C36FC0D081DE" authority="subsp. granitica" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. granitica subsp. granitica" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="granitica" subSpecies="granitica">P. granitica subsp. granitica</taxonomicName>
from the Ukrainian Carpathians yet. Only a few specimens in LWS were identified by Tasenkevich as
<taxonomicName id="6875C7059C16D12940137F85B5EB5F76" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. granitica" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="granitica">
<emphasis id="6FB5414E26C982F7858FD9133700D7B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">P. granitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.
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(without further published mentions), but she also indicated on the specimens' labels that
<taxonomicName id="1DD37B905899489573745446090124CB" authority="subsp. granitica" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. granitica subsp. granitica" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="granitica" subSpecies="granitica">P. granitica subsp. granitica</taxonomicName>
is a synonym of
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<emphasis id="688E912D4551255222ED6D987C86ECF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103921">P. deylii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
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96
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="105">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="105">South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique to Central and Eastern Africa.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="105">St Lucia records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="105">
Previously recorded by
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and
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in 1964/1965 in fresh water streams feeding into South Lake. Recorded at False Bay in November 2013, during the course of this study.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="105">Figure 17.</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="105">Hydrocanthus ferruginicollis</emphasis>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
, 18655.00 mm, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, False Bay (site 27), November 2013 MS Bird &amp; R Perissinotto leg.
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167
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Gen. Zool. Syst. Nat. Hist., Vol. 1, 2,
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,
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<emphasis id="1CE0E080830DE6F4AB0756D796284EB9" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="83">Synonyms:</emphasis>
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;
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<emphasis id="6F56D330E001A59EE55937FFD3F15D22" italics="true" pageNumber="83">Macroscelides proboscideus</emphasis>
subsp.
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;
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subsp.
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Roberts 1933
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;
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subsp.
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;
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subsp.
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;
<taxonomicName id="6C1ABAA802645ABCAA2B15BD18E4BF6C" authority="Shortridge and Carter 1938" authorityName="Shortridge and Carter" authorityYear="1938" class="Mammalia" family="Macroscelididae" genus="Macroscelides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="proboscideus" subSpecies="isabellinus">
<emphasis id="25D3AF64F58F720140B5C4C9F2EA56DA" italics="true" pageNumber="83">Macroscelides proboscideus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="3EC5C06DC4BDC58481FC0DD457DC288F" italics="true" pageNumber="83">isabellinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="20561A4043136EA632798D76207EDAD7" author="Shortridge, G. C. &amp; T. D. Carter" refId="ref326551" refString="Shortridge, G. C., and T. D. Carter. 1938. A new genus and new species and subspecies of mammals from Little Namaqualand and the north-west Cape Province; and a new subspecies of Gerbillus paeba from the eastern Cape Province. Annals of the South African Museum, 3 (2): 281 - 291." year="1938">Shortridge and Carter 1938</bibRefCitation>
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;
<taxonomicName id="437D7410103006779607F20F32913383" authority="Roberts 1933" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1933" class="Mammalia" family="Macroscelididae" genus="Macroscelides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="proboscideus" subSpecies="langi">
<emphasis id="16395E3586B174C6B4253FDF5A09E4D6" italics="true" pageNumber="83">Macroscelides proboscideus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="AB0B3FEAE45151CC9CE25FC015E57673" italics="true" pageNumber="83">langi</emphasis>
Roberts 1933
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;
<taxonomicName id="6362740A06990E653A3931A432B28C9B" authority="Ogilby 1838" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1838" class="Mammalia" family="Macroscelididae" genus="Macroscelides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="proboscideus" subSpecies="melanotis">
<emphasis id="513F31A02AC80807BC5BFDB945EFC812" italics="true" pageNumber="83">Macroscelides proboscideus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="9EEF3FAEB2DB319EEC0E32226DB494EF" italics="true" pageNumber="83">melanotis</emphasis>
Ogilby 1838
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="2DD210BC8C33AEEF4CCD41253C5E8EED" authority="A. Smith 1839" authorityName="A. Smith" authorityYear="1839" class="Mammalia" family="Macroscelididae" genus="Macroscelides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="proboscideus" subSpecies="typicus">
<emphasis id="6788F6B3969B97140DF28182E89FFE19" italics="true" pageNumber="83">Macroscelides proboscideus</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="242CE7FFEA3BCB1887132DA45768A8CD" italics="true" pageNumber="83">typicus</emphasis>
A. Smith 1839
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="C90BE368843DA74A8971AA458C1915A2" authority="A. Smith 1829" authorityName="A. Smith" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Macroscelididae" genus="Macroscelides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Macroscelidea" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="proboscideus" subSpecies="typus">
<emphasis id="0688A20F97C960DE550C757878859CCC" italics="true" pageNumber="83">Macroscelides proboscideus</emphasis>
subsp.
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<typeStatus id="073C4B36D77F0D48AB2FE62E188F1F1A">typus</typeStatus>
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A. Smith 1829
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.
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Rossem, 1990
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<taxonomicName id="CB67959476A51E420FB87BEB877D4B82" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Epitropus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epitropus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epitropus</taxonomicName>
synonymised by
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<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D800F905FF54FF14BF95FD6E" bold="true" box="[136,386,236,260]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Layahima wuzhishana</emphasis>
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)
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(
<figureCitation id="A7902A27D800F905FDE5FF14BC86FD6F" box="[569,657,236,261]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[155,218,1987,2009]" captionTargetBox="[189,1277,358,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-71@4.[189,1398,348,1942]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. The Layahima wuzhishana species group, wings. A. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype. B. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002), male. Abbreviations: C—costa; Sc—subcosta; RA—radius anterior; RP—radius posterior; MA—media anterior; MP—media posterior; CuA—cubitus anterior; CuP—cubitus posterior; A—anal veins. Scale bars=10.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176114/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A7902A27D800F905FD40FF15BCCAFD6F" box="[668,733,237,261]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[155,218,1989,2011]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1186,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-513@5.[189,1398,1186,1942]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. The Layahima wuzhishana species group. A. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype, head and thorax, dorsal view. B. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype, frons. C. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002), male, head and thorax, dorsal view. D. L. wuzhishana, male, frons. Red arrow indicates the tuft of long black setae on mesonotum. Scale bars=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176116/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">3C–D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A7902A27D800F905FD35FF15BD8DFD6E" box="[745,922,237,261]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[155,218,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1083,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-505@6.[189,1399,1077,1908]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. The Layahima wuzhishana species group, male terminalia and genitalia. A, C, E, G, I, K. L. weiweii sp. nov. B, D, F, H, J, L. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002). A–B. Terminalia, ventral view. C–D. Terminalia, lateral view. E–F. Genitalia, ventral view. G–H. Genitalia, lateral view. I–J. Dorsal view. K–L. Genitalia, caudal view. Abbreviations: ect—ectoproct; gx—gonocoxites; gp—gonapophyses; S9—sternum 9. Scale bars=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176118/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">4B, D, F, H, J, L</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A7902A27D800F905FC79FF14BDF0FD6E" box="[933,999,236,260]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[155,218,1639,1661]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,662,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-305@7.[189,1398,662,1599]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Layahima wuzhishana (Yang, 2002), female holotype. A. Habitus, type label and collecting label. B. Female holotype, genitalia, ventral view. C. Female holotype, genitalia, ventral view. Abbreviations: ect—ectoproct; gx—gonocoxites; gp— gonapophyses; pp—pregenital plate; S—sternum. Scale bars: A=5.0mm; B–C=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176120/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">5A–C</figureCitation>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="3F1436A2D800F905FF54FEF7BA85FD4F" blockId="5.[136,1170,236,325]" box="[136,1170,271,293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
<taxonomicName id="F8AB4D21D800F905FF54FEF7BCD9FD4E" ID-CoL="34QDQ" authority="Yang, In Yang &amp; Wang, 2002: 297" authorityName="Yang, In Yang &amp; Wang" authorityPageNumber="297" authorityYear="2002" box="[136,718,271,292]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Dendroleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishanus">
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D800F905FF54FEF7BF6CFD4E" box="[136,379,271,292]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Dendroleon wuzhishanus</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8FC33CFFD800F905FE5DFEF7BCD9FD4E" box="[385,718,271,292]" country="China" location="Mt. Wuzhishan" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hainan">
Yang,
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D800F905FE62FEF7BFC5FD4E" box="[446,466,271,292]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">In</emphasis>
Yang &amp; Wang, 2002: 297
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="E0108800D800F905FD0BFEF7BD10FD4E" box="[727,775,271,292]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="47BC7632D800F905FCBDFEF7BD8AFD4F" box="[865,925,271,293]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="FD6FF840D800F905FC7AFEF7BDF9FD4F" box="[934,1006,271,293]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Hainan</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="3A746079D800F905FC24FEF7BA9AFD4F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B70287B4D800F907FF54FF14BFA8FE35:3A746079D800F905FC24FEF7BA9AFD4F" box="[1016,1165,271,293]" country="China" name="Mt. Wuzhishan" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Hainan">Mt. Wuzhishan</location>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F1436A2D800F905FF54FED7BC5DFD2F" blockId="5.[136,1170,236,325]" box="[136,586,303,325]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1FBB118CD800F905FF54FED7BC5DFD2F" box="[136,586,303,325]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
<treatmentCitation id="BE0A10B3D800F905FF54FED7BC51FD2F" author="Wang" box="[136,582,303,325]" page="65" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" year="2018">
<taxonomicName id="F8AB4D21D800F905FF54FED7BC51FD2F" ID-CoL="34QDQ" authority=": Wang et al., 2018: 65" authorityName="Wang" authorityPageNumber="65" authorityYear="2018" box="[136,582,303,325]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Layahima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishanus">
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D800F905FF54FED7BF7EFD2E" box="[136,361,303,324]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Layahima wuzhishanus</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="5B3A4B53D800F905FEA9FED7BC51FD2F" author="Wang" box="[373,582,303,325]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref6570" refString="Wang, X. L., Zhan, Q. B., Wang, A. Q. 2018. Fauna Sinica Insecta Vol. 68 Neuroptera Myrmeleontoidea. Science Press, Beijing. pp. 1 - 285." type="book chapter" year="2018">
Wang
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D800F905FE6FFED7BFF4FD2E" box="[435,483,303,324]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018: 65
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B16529D800F907FF61FE9CBFA8FE35" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3F1436A2D800F905FF61FE9CBB60FE26" blockId="5.[136,1452,356,1108]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Diagnosis. Body overall pale yellow. Antennae nearly four times as long as pronotum; vertex with a black transverse band anteriorly, a pair of large dark brown markings present medially and extending to lateral part, a pair of dark brown spots present medially; frons with a nearly pentagonal dark brown marking. Pronotum with a pair of curved dark brown stripes and some dark brown dots medially; mesonotum with a pair of tufts consisted of long black setae, and with a pair of long trapezoid dark brown stripes laterally. Tibial spurs long, barely curved. Abdominal terga 3–8 each with an arrow-shaped pale yellowish marking. Male sternum 9 pentagonal, basally narrow; median part of gonocoxites 11 prominent and wide in ventral view. Female anterior gonocoxites 8 absent; gonapophyses 8 sclerotized; digging setae on gonocoxites 9 blunt.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F1436A2D800F905FF61FDAFBBB2FE04" blockId="5.[136,1452,356,1108]" box="[189,1445,598,623]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
Redescription. Size. Head width
<quantity id="F8539B47D800F905FDC1FDAEBCA1FE04" box="[541,694,598,622]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.645" metricValueMax="2.75" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="2.645" valueMax="2.75" valueMin="2.54">2.54–2.75 mm</quantity>
, forewing length
<quantity id="F8539B47D800F905FCADFDAFBA31FE04" box="[881,1062,599,623]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.596" metricValueMax="2.823" metricValueMin="2.369" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="25.96" valueMax="28.23" valueMin="23.69">23.69–28.23 mm</quantity>
, hind wing length
<quantity id="F8539B47D800F905FB30FDAFBBB6FE04" box="[1260,1441,599,623]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.339" metricValueMax="2.642" metricValueMin="2.036" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" unit="mm" value="23.39" valueMax="26.42" valueMin="20.36">20.36–26.42 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F1436A2D800F905FF61FD81BF6CFFEE" blockId="5.[136,1452,356,1108]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
Head. Vertex raised, covered with some short setae, a black transverse band present anteriorly, a transverse dark brown lines present medially, a pair of large dark brown markings present medially and extending to lateral part, and a pair of dark brown spots present posteromedially (
<figureCitation id="A7902A27D800F905FDC7FD47BC79FEBD" box="[539,622,703,727]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[155,218,1989,2011]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1186,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-513@5.[189,1398,1186,1942]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. The Layahima wuzhishana species group. A. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype, head and thorax, dorsal view. B. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype, frons. C. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002), male, head and thorax, dorsal view. D. L. wuzhishana, male, frons. Red arrow indicates the tuft of long black setae on mesonotum. Scale bars=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176116/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Antennae nearly four times as long as pronotum; scape and pedicel generally pale yellow, covered with some short setae; non-intumescent part of flagellum generally pale yellow, each segment with a brown marking; intumescent part of flagellum generally black dorsally and pink ventrally. Frons with a nearly pentagonal dark brown marking (
<figureCitation id="A7902A27D800F905FEAEFCDFBFD0FF55" box="[370,455,807,831]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[155,218,1989,2011]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1186,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-513@5.[189,1398,1186,1942]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. The Layahima wuzhishana species group. A. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype, head and thorax, dorsal view. B. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype, frons. C. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002), male, head and thorax, dorsal view. D. L. wuzhishana, male, frons. Red arrow indicates the tuft of long black setae on mesonotum. Scale bars=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176116/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). Clypeus pale yellow with a few setae. Labrum pale brown. Maxillary palpus generally pale yellow. Labial palpus pale brown, apical segment fusiform, with a brown marking. Mandibles pale yellowish brown with distal half dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F1436A2D800F905FF61FC77BD46F85B" blockId="5.[136,1452,356,1108]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
Thorax (
<figureCitation id="A7902A27D800F905FEC5FC77BF7AFFCD" box="[281,365,911,935]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[155,218,1989,2011]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1186,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-513@5.[189,1398,1186,1942]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. The Layahima wuzhishana species group. A. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype, head and thorax, dorsal view. B. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype, frons. C. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002), male, head and thorax, dorsal view. D. L. wuzhishana, male, frons. Red arrow indicates the tuft of long black setae on mesonotum. Scale bars=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176116/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Pale yellow, with dark markings. Pronotum longer than wide, covered with some long black setae; a pair of curved dark brown stripes and some dark brown dots present medially, and a pair of longitudinal black stripe present laterally. Mesonotum covered with a pair of tufts consisted of long black setae anterolaterally; anterior part generally dark brown, laterally with a pair of long trapezoid dark brown stripes; mesoscutellum with a pair of black markings posteriorly. Metanotum generally dark brown. Pleurae with three black stripes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F1436A2D800F906FF61FBC4BDAAFD9D" blockId="5.[136,1452,356,1108]" lastBlockId="6.[136,1452,236,1023]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="295" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Legs. Short, pale yellow, with dark markings. All femora covered with many short black setae; all tibiae covered with some long black setae; tibial spurs brown, elongate and barely curved; tarsomeres 1–4 generally brown; tarsomere 5 brown with distal half dark brown, and with a few short tapered setae ventrally. Foreleg: Coxa pale yellow, with a brown marking; femur generally pale yellow, dark brown dorsally; tibia generally pale yellow, an irregular brown marking present basally, distal part dark brown; tibial spurs reaching base of tarsomere 5. Midleg: Coxa generally pale yellow, brown basally; femur generally pale yellow, pale brown distally; tibia generally pale yellow, with some brown dots, distal part dark brown; tibial spurs reaching base of tarsomere 5. Hind leg: Coxa generally pale yellow, brown basally; femur generally yellow, pale brown distally; tibia generally pale yellow, basal 1/3 with a short transverse dark brown line, distal part dark brown; tibial spurs reaching tip of tarsomere 4; tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg.</paragraph>
<caption id="6BD4662AD800F905FF47F83DBDD4F470" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176116" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7176116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176116/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" startId="5.[155,218,1989,2011]" targetBox="[189,1398,1186,1942]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="3F1436A2D800F905FF47F83DBDD4F470" blockId="5.[155,1433,1989,2075]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
Figure 3. The
<taxonomicName id="F8AB4D21D800F905FEFEF83DBFEEFBB0" baseAuthorityName="Yang" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[290,505,1989,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Layahima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishana">
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D800F905FEFEF83DBFEEFBB0" box="[290,505,1989,2010]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">Layahima wuzhishana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group. A.
<taxonomicName id="F8AB4D21D800F905FD75F83DBD1CFBB0" authority="Zheng &amp; Liu, 2021" authorityName="Zheng &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2021" box="[681,779,1989,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Layahima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weiweii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D800F905FD75F83DBD1CFBB0" box="[681,779,1989,2010]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">L. weiweii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D800F905FCCDF83DBD4AFBB0" bold="true" box="[785,861,1989,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="16EC57CBD800F905FCCDF83DBD4AFBB0" box="[785,861,1989,2010]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male holotype, head and thorax, dorsal view. B.
<taxonomicName id="F8AB4D21D800F905FAEAF83DBB8FFBB0" authority="Zheng &amp; Liu, 2021" authorityName="Zheng &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2021" box="[1334,1432,1989,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Layahima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weiweii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D800F905FAEAF83DBB8FFBB0" box="[1334,1432,1989,2010]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">L. weiweii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D800F905FF47F81DBEFEFB90" bold="true" box="[155,233,2021,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="16EC57CBD800F905FF47F81DBEFEFB90" box="[155,233,2021,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male holotype, frons. C.
<taxonomicName id="F8AB4D21D800F905FE37F81DBD17FB90" authority="(Yang, 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Yang" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[491,768,2021,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Layahima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishana">
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D800F905FE37F81DBC61FB90" box="[491,630,2021,2042]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">L. wuzhishana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5B3A4B53D800F905FD59F81DBCEFFB90" author="Yang" box="[645,760,2021,2042]" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" pagination="296 - 299" refId="ref6663" refString="Yang, C. K., Wang, X. L. 2002. Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae. In: Huang, F. S. (ed.), Forest Insects of Hainan. Science Press, Beijing. pp. 296 - 299." type="book chapter" year="2002">Yang, 2002</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, male, head and thorax, dorsal view. D.
<taxonomicName id="F8AB4D21D800F905FB50F81DBB00FB90" baseAuthorityName="Yang" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[1164,1303,2021,2042]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Layahima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="294" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishana">
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D800F905FB50F81DBB00FB90" box="[1164,1303,2021,2042]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="294">L. wuzhishana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, frons. Red arrow indicates the tuft of long black setae on mesonotum. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3F1436A2D803F906FF61FDFABEABFE80" blockId="6.[136,1452,236,1023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
Wings (
<figureCitation id="A7902A27D803F906FECCFDFABF74FE70" box="[272,355,514,538]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[155,218,1987,2009]" captionTargetBox="[189,1277,358,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-71@4.[189,1398,348,1942]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. The Layahima wuzhishana species group, wings. A. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype. B. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002), male. Abbreviations: C—costa; Sc—subcosta; RA—radius anterior; RP—radius posterior; MA—media anterior; MP—media posterior; CuA—cubitus anterior; CuP—cubitus posterior; A—anal veins. Scale bars=10.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176114/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Long, distally rounded. Banksian lines absent. Male pilula axillaris absent. Pterostigma pale. Forewing slightly longer than hindwing. Veins dark brown alternating with pale. Forewing subcostal area with a series of discontinuous dark brown markings and dots; mediocubital area with some indistinct brown markings; rhegma present as two indistinct brown markings; base of cubital area with a brown spot; crossvein on posterior costal space mostly branched; RP origin align with CuA fork; presectoral area with four to five crossveins; RP with eight to nine branches. Hindwing generally transparent; subcostal area with a few indistinct brownish dots; presectoral area with one crossvein; RP origin basal to MP fork.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F1436A2D803F907FF61FD0CBA33FD6E" blockId="6.[136,1452,236,1023]" lastBlockId="7.[136,1452,236,607]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
Abdomen. Terga 1–2 generally dark brown; terga 3–8 each with an arrow-shaped pale yellowish marking. Male genitalia: Tergum 8 subrectanglar in lateral view. Sternum 9 covered with some long setae, pentagonal, basally narrow (
<figureCitation id="A7902A27D803F906FA5CFCEFBEBDFF38" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[155,218,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1083,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-505@6.[189,1399,1077,1908]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. The Layahima wuzhishana species group, male terminalia and genitalia. A, C, E, G, I, K. L. weiweii sp. nov. B, D, F, H, J, L. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002). A–B. Terminalia, ventral view. C–D. Terminalia, lateral view. E–F. Genitalia, ventral view. G–H. Genitalia, lateral view. I–J. Dorsal view. K–L. Genitalia, caudal view. Abbreviations: ect—ectoproct; gx—gonocoxites; gp—gonapophyses; S9—sternum 9. Scale bars=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176118/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Gonocoxites 9 medially curved internally; posterior part present as a pair of elongate plates, apex strongly sclerotized and scaly (
<figureCitation id="A7902A27D803F906FF25FCA4BF5DFF1F" box="[249,330,860,885]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[155,218,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1083,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-505@6.[189,1399,1077,1908]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. The Layahima wuzhishana species group, male terminalia and genitalia. A, C, E, G, I, K. L. weiweii sp. nov. B, D, F, H, J, L. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002). A–B. Terminalia, ventral view. C–D. Terminalia, lateral view. E–F. Genitalia, ventral view. G–H. Genitalia, lateral view. I–J. Dorsal view. K–L. Genitalia, caudal view. Abbreviations: ect—ectoproct; gx—gonocoxites; gp—gonapophyses; S9—sternum 9. Scale bars=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176118/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). Gonocoxites 11 arrow-shaped, median part prominent and wide in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="A7902A27D803F906FB70FCA4BAEAFF1F" box="[1196,1277,860,885]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[155,218,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1083,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-505@6.[189,1399,1077,1908]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. The Layahima wuzhishana species group, male terminalia and genitalia. A, C, E, G, I, K. L. weiweii sp. nov. B, D, F, H, J, L. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002). A–B. Terminalia, ventral view. C–D. Terminalia, lateral view. E–F. Genitalia, ventral view. G–H. Genitalia, lateral view. I–J. Dorsal view. K–L. Genitalia, caudal view. Abbreviations: ect—ectoproct; gx—gonocoxites; gp—gonapophyses; S9—sternum 9. Scale bars=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176118/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). Gonapophyses 11 weakly developed. Ectoproct covered with some long setae, rounded in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="A7902A27D803F906FBF0FC87BA95FFFD" box="[1068,1154,895,919]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[155,218,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1083,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-505@6.[189,1399,1077,1908]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. The Layahima wuzhishana species group, male terminalia and genitalia. A, C, E, G, I, K. L. weiweii sp. nov. B, D, F, H, J, L. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002). A–B. Terminalia, ventral view. C–D. Terminalia, lateral view. E–F. Genitalia, ventral view. G–H. Genitalia, lateral view. I–J. Dorsal view. K–L. Genitalia, caudal view. Abbreviations: ect—ectoproct; gx—gonocoxites; gp—gonapophyses; S9—sternum 9. Scale bars=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176118/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
). Female genitalia: Sternum 7 covered with many long setae. Pregenital plate sclerotized and rounded, external part with a tiny triangular prominent (
<figureCitation id="A7902A27D803F906FA5CFC5ABEBDFFB6" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[155,218,1639,1661]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,662,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-305@7.[189,1398,662,1599]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Layahima wuzhishana (Yang, 2002), female holotype. A. Habitus, type label and collecting label. B. Female holotype, genitalia, ventral view. C. Female holotype, genitalia, ventral view. Abbreviations: ect—ectoproct; gx—gonocoxites; gp— gonapophyses; pp—pregenital plate; S—sternum. Scale bars: A=5.0mm; B–C=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176120/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Anterior gonocoxites 8 absent; posterior gonocoxites 8 covered with many soft setae, thumb-shaped, depressed laterally (
<figureCitation id="A7902A27D803F906FF4CFC1FBF14FF95" box="[144,259,999,1023]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[155,218,1639,1661]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,662,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-305@7.[189,1398,662,1599]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Layahima wuzhishana (Yang, 2002), female holotype. A. Habitus, type label and collecting label. B. Female holotype, genitalia, ventral view. C. Female holotype, genitalia, ventral view. Abbreviations: ect—ectoproct; gx—gonocoxites; gp— gonapophyses; pp—pregenital plate; S—sternum. Scale bars: A=5.0mm; B–C=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176120/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 5B–C</figureCitation>
). Gonapophyses 8 sclerotized, anterior part wider than posterior part (
<figureCitation id="A7902A27D803F906FC3FFC1FBA21FF95" box="[995,1078,999,1023]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[155,218,1639,1661]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,662,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-305@7.[189,1398,662,1599]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Layahima wuzhishana (Yang, 2002), female holotype. A. Habitus, type label and collecting label. B. Female holotype, genitalia, ventral view. C. Female holotype, genitalia, ventral view. Abbreviations: ect—ectoproct; gx—gonocoxites; gp— gonapophyses; pp—pregenital plate; S—sternum. Scale bars: A=5.0mm; B–C=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176120/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Gonocoxites 9 oval, covered with many blunt digging setae (
<figureCitation id="A7902A27D802F907FE78FF14BFEFFD6E" box="[420,504,236,260]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[155,218,1639,1661]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,662,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-305@7.[189,1398,662,1599]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Layahima wuzhishana (Yang, 2002), female holotype. A. Habitus, type label and collecting label. B. Female holotype, genitalia, ventral view. C. Female holotype, genitalia, ventral view. Abbreviations: ect—ectoproct; gx—gonocoxites; gp— gonapophyses; pp—pregenital plate; S—sternum. Scale bars: A=5.0mm; B–C=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176120/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Ectoproct covered with some long setae (
<figureCitation id="A7902A27D802F907FC1FFF14BA00FD6E" box="[963,1047,236,260]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[155,218,1639,1661]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,662,1586]" captionTargetId="figure-305@7.[189,1398,662,1599]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Layahima wuzhishana (Yang, 2002), female holotype. A. Habitus, type label and collecting label. B. Female holotype, genitalia, ventral view. C. Female holotype, genitalia, ventral view. Abbreviations: ect—ectoproct; gx—gonocoxites; gp— gonapophyses; pp—pregenital plate; S—sternum. Scale bars: A=5.0mm; B–C=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176120" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176120/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="6BD4662AD803F906FF47F85FBCD7F477" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176118" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7176118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176118/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" startId="6.[155,218,1959,1981]" targetBox="[190,1398,1083,1897]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="3F1436A2D803F906FF47F85FBCD7F477" blockId="6.[155,1433,1959,2077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
Figure 4. The
<taxonomicName id="F8AB4D21D803F906FEE4F85FBC01FBD6" baseAuthorityName="Yang" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[312,534,1959,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Layahima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishana">
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D803F906FEE4F85FBC01FBD6" box="[312,534,1959,1980]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">Layahima wuzhishana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group, male terminalia and genitalia. A, C, E, G, I, K.
<taxonomicName id="F8AB4D21D803F906FB11F850BB20FBD7" authority="Zheng &amp; Liu, 2021" authorityName="Zheng &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2021" box="[1229,1335,1960,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Layahima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weiweii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D803F906FB11F850BB20FBD7" box="[1229,1335,1960,1981]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">L. weiweii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D803F906FA98F850BB8FFBD7" bold="true" box="[1348,1432,1960,1981]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="16EC57CBD803F906FA98F850BB8FFBD7" box="[1348,1432,1960,1981]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
B, D, F, H, J, L.
<taxonomicName id="F8AB4D21D803F906FEE2F830BC46FBB7" authority="(Yang, 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Yang" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[318,593,1991,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Layahima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishana">
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D803F906FEE2F830BFDEFBB6" box="[318,457,1991,2013]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="295">L. wuzhishana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5B3A4B53D803F906FE0AF830BC5DFBB7" author="Yang" box="[470,586,1992,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="295" pagination="296 - 299" refId="ref6663" refString="Yang, C. K., Wang, X. L. 2002. Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae. In: Huang, F. S. (ed.), Forest Insects of Hainan. Science Press, Beijing. pp. 296 - 299." type="book chapter" year="2002">Yang, 2002</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. A–B. Terminalia, ventral view. C–D. Terminalia, lateral view. E–F. Genitalia, ventral view. G–H. Genitalia, lateral view. I–J. Dorsal view. K–L. Genitalia, caudal view. Abbreviations: ect—ectoproct; gx—gonocoxites; gp—gonapophyses; S9—sternum 9. Scale bars =1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3F1436A2D802F907FF61FEF7BF10FDD8" blockId="7.[136,1452,236,607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">
Material examined.
<materialsCitation id="8FC33CFFD802F907FE4DFEF7BC6DFD20" collectingDate="1997-06-01" collectionCode="CAU" collectorName="Chikun Yang &amp; Jiafang Cheng" country="China" elevation="800" location="Wuzhishan International Resort" municipality="Mt. Wuzhishan" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Hainan" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="E0108800D802F907FE4DFEF7BFEFFD4D" box="[401,504,271,295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
<specimenCount id="29ADFD2BD802F907FDDDFEE8BC02FD4D" box="[513,533,272,295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="47BC7632D802F907FDFDFEF7BC72FD4D" box="[545,613,271,295]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="FD6FF840D802F907FDB1FEF7BCAAFD4D" box="[621,701,271,295]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Hainan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="DF70ACD8D802F907FD1BFEE8BD7CFD4D" box="[711,875,271,295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Mt. Wuzhishan</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="3A746079D802F907FCA8FEF7BAD3FD4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B70287B4D800F907FF54FF14BFA8FE35:3A746079D802F907FCA8FEF7BAD3FD4D" box="[884,1220,271,295]" country="China" municipality="Mt. Wuzhishan" name="Wuzhishan International Resort" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" stateProvince="Hainan">Wuzhishan International Resort</location>
(
<quantity id="F8539B47D802F907FB0DFEF7BB02FD4D" box="[1233,1301,271,295]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" unit="m" value="800.0">
<elevation id="B486D191D802F907FB0DFEF7BB02FD4D" box="[1233,1301,271,295]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<date id="4B151062D802F907FAFAFEF7BBBFFD4D" box="[1318,1448,271,295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" value="1997-06-01">
<collectingDate id="5B51E98AD802F907FAFAFEF7BBBFFD4D" box="[1318,1448,271,295]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" value="1997-06-01">1 June 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="925E5374D802F907FF54FECABF0DFD20" box="[136,282,306,330]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Chikun Yang</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="925E5374D802F907FE96FECABFFDFD20" box="[330,490,306,330]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Jiafang Cheng</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="59BAAE67D802F907FDE8FECABC65FD20" box="[564,626,306,330]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">CAU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="8FC33CFFD802F907FD54FECABD0FFD07" collectingDate="2020-05-24" collectingDateMax="2020-05-27" collectingDateMin="2020-05-24" collectionCode="CAU" collectorName="Chao Wu" country="China" county="Ledong County" elevation="950" location="Mingfenggu" municipality="Jianfengling" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hainan">
Additional material.
<specimenCount id="29ADFD2BD802F907FCAFFECABD82FD20" box="[883,917,306,330]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="47BC7632D802F907FC75FECABDFAFD20" box="[937,1005,306,330]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="FD6FF840D802F907FC22FECABA59FD20" box="[1022,1102,306,330]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Hainan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="D6754E2ED802F907FB83FECABB18FD20" box="[1119,1295,306,330]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Ledong County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="DF70ACD8D802F907FAFDFECABBB0FD20" box="[1313,1447,306,330]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Jianfengling</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="3A746079D802F907FF54FEACBF1BFD06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B70287B4D800F907FF54FF14BFA8FE35:3A746079D802F907FF54FEACBF1BFD06" box="[136,268,340,364]" country="China" county="Ledong County" municipality="Jianfengling" name="Mingfenggu" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" stateProvince="Hainan">Mingfenggu</location>
(
<quantity id="F8539B47D802F907FEC6FEACBF49FD07" box="[282,350,340,365]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" unit="m" value="950.0">
<elevation id="B486D191D802F907FEC6FEACBF49FD07" box="[282,350,340,365]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" unit="m" value="950.0">950m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<date id="4B151062D802F907FEACFEADBC3FFD07" box="[368,552,341,365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" value="2020-05-24" valueMax="2020-05-27" valueMin="2020-05-24">
<collectingDate id="5B51E98AD802F907FEACFEADBC3FFD07" box="[368,552,341,365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" value="2020-05-24" valueMax="2020-05-27" valueMin="2020-05-24">24–27 May 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="925E5374D802F907FDEEFEACBC80FD06" box="[562,663,340,364]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Chao Wu</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="59BAAE67D802F907FD0EFEADBD07FD07" box="[722,784,341,365]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">CAU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8FC33CFFD802F907FCFEFEADBFD4FDE5" collectingDate="2009-05-21" collectionCode="CAU" collectorName="Hu Li" country="China" county="Hekou County" elevation="132" location="Nanxi Town" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Yunnan">
<specimenCount id="29ADFD2BD802F907FCFEFEADBD52FD07" box="[802,837,341,365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="47BC7632D802F907FC8CFEACBD83FD06" box="[848,916,340,364]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="FD6FF840D802F907FC41FEADBDE3FD06" box="[925,1012,341,364]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="D6754E2ED802F907FC22FEACBA8AFD07" box="[1022,1181,340,365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Hekou County</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="3A746079D802F907FB7BFEACBB3BFD06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B70287B4D800F907FF54FF14BFA8FE35:3A746079D802F907FB7BFEACBB3BFD06" box="[1191,1324,340,364]" country="China" county="Hekou County" name="Nanxi Town" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" stateProvince="Yunnan">Nanxi Town</location>
(
<quantity id="F8539B47D802F907FAE6FEADBB69FD07" box="[1338,1406,341,365]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" unit="m" value="132.0">
<elevation id="B486D191D802F907FAE6FEADBB69FD07" box="[1338,1406,341,365]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" unit="m" value="132.0">132 m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<date id="4B151062D802F907FA4CFEADBEEFFDE5" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" value="2009-05-21">
<collectingDate id="5B51E98AD802F907FA4CFEADBEEFFDE5" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" value="2009-05-21">21 May 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="925E5374D802F907FEDFFE80BF55FDE5" box="[259,322,375,399]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Hu Li</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="59BAAE67D802F907FEA2FE8FBFABFDE5" box="[382,444,375,399]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">CAU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="8FC33CFFD802F907FE12FE8FBF13FDD8" collectingDate="2012-05-22" collectionCode="CAU" collectorName="Xingyue Liu" country="Vietnam" elevation="330" location="Deo Gao Lae" municipality="Hoa An District" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Cao Bang">
<specimenCount id="29ADFD2BD802F907FE12FE8FBFE6FDE5" box="[462,497,375,399]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="47BC7632D802F907FE20FE8FBC4BFDE5" box="[508,604,375,399]" name="Vietnam" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="FD6FF840D802F907FDBAFE8FBCC4FDFA" box="[614,723,375,400]" country="Vietnam" name="Cao Bang" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Cao Bang</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="DF70ACD8D802F907FD02FE80BD9CFDE5" box="[734,907,375,399]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Hoa An District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="3A746079D802F907FC49FE80BA34FDE5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B70287B4D800F907FF54FF14BFA8FE35:3A746079D802F907FC49FE80BA34FDE5" box="[917,1059,375,399]" country="Vietnam" municipality="Hoa An District" name="Deo Gao Lae" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" stateProvince="Cao Bang">Deo Gao Lae</location>
(
<quantity id="F8539B47D802F907FBEDFE8FBA62FDE5" box="[1073,1141,375,399]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" unit="m" value="330.0">
<elevation id="B486D191D802F907FBEDFE8FBA62FDE5" box="[1073,1141,375,399]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" unit="m" value="330.0">330m</elevation>
</quantity>
),
<date id="4B151062D802F907FB54FE8FBB0EFDE5" box="[1160,1305,375,400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" value="2012-05-22">
<collectingDate id="5B51E98AD802F907FB54FE8FBB0EFDE5" box="[1160,1305,375,400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" value="2012-05-22">22 May 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="925E5374D802F907FAF8FE8FBBBCFDE5" box="[1316,1451,375,399]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Xingyue Liu</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="59BAAE67D802F907FF62FE62BEEBFDD8" box="[190,252,410,434]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">CAU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F1436A2D802F907FF61FE44BD51FDBF" blockId="7.[136,1452,236,607]" box="[189,838,444,469]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">
Distribution.
<collectingCountry id="47BC7632D802F907FE90FE44BF9BFDBE" box="[332,396,444,468]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="FD6FF840D802F907FE45FE44BFFDFDBE" box="[409,490,444,468]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Hainan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="FD6FF840D802F907FE29FE45BC59FDBF" box="[501,590,445,469]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
);
<collectingCountry id="47BC7632D802F907FDBDFE44BCAAFDBE" box="[609,701,444,468]" name="Vietnam" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="FD6FF840D802F907FD16FE45BD2DFDBF" box="[714,826,445,469]" country="Vietnam" name="Cao Bang" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Cao Bang</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F1436A2D802F907FF61FE27BFA8FE35" blockId="7.[136,1452,236,607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">
Remarks. It is worth noting that the female gonapophyses 8 of
<taxonomicName id="F8AB4D21D802F907FC56FE18BA3FFD9D" baseAuthorityName="Yang" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[906,1064,479,503]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Layahima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishana">
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D802F907FC56FE18BA3FFD9D" box="[906,1064,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">L. wuzhishana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are sclerotized. However, in other members of
<taxonomicName id="F8AB4D21D802F907FED3FDFABF6DFE70" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1912" box="[271,378,514,538]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Layahima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D802F907FED3FDFABF6DFE70" box="[271,378,514,538]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Layahima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with female records, the female gonapophyses 8 are absent. This unique female genital character of
<taxonomicName id="F8AB4D21D802F907FF54FDDDBF35FE56" baseAuthorityName="Yang" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[136,290,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Layahima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishana">
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D802F907FF54FDDDBF35FE56" box="[136,290,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">L. wuzhishana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indicates that the interspecific phylogeny of
<taxonomicName id="F8AB4D21D802F907FCDDFDDCBD7BFE56" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1912" box="[769,876,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Layahima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D802F907FCDDFDDCBD7BFE56" box="[769,876,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">Layahima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
requires further study. Unfortunately, the female of
<taxonomicName id="F8AB4D21D802F907FA4AFDDDBECEFE35" authority="Zheng &amp; Liu, 2021" authorityName="Zheng &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Layahima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weiweii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D802F907FA4AFDDDBECEFE35" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">L. weiweii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0DDFEAB0D802F907FF3CFDBFBF21FE35" bold="true" box="[224,310,583,607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="16EC57CBD802F907FF3CFDBFBF21FE35" box="[224,310,583,607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

237
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@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
<document ID-DOI="10.11865/zs.2021403" ID-ISSN="2095-6827" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7176110" ID-ZooBank="44A85E08-A4A0-42EA-B344-6FE78E5332C3" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="1" checkinTime="1665295859698" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zheng, Yuchen &amp; Liu, Xingyue" docDate="2021" docId="B70287B4D807F904FF54FB3BBD4BFD6E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolSyst.46.4.289–299.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Systematics 46 (4)" docSource="http://zoobank.org/44a85e08-a4a0-42ea-b344-6fe78e5332c3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:07E7829F32901B127B59E960199959BD.1:ZoolSyst.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="07E7829F32901B127B59E960199959BD" docStyleName="ZoolSyst.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Layahima weiweii Zheng &amp; Liu 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="292" masterDocId="4B3BFFCCD805F900FFDCFFF8BE17FC6A" masterDocTitle="A spectacular new antlion species of the subfamily Dendroleontinae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Malaysia" masterLastPageNumber="299" masterPageNumber="289" pageNumber="291" updateTime="1665314531243" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:namePart>Zheng, Yuchen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Xingyue</mods:namePart>
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<heading box="[136,855,1219,1244]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,428,1219,1244]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
<taxonomicName authority="Zheng &amp; Liu, 2021" authorityName="Zheng &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2021" box="[136,335,1219,1244]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Layahima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weiweii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,335,1219,1244]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Layahima weiweii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[342,428,1220,1244]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation box="[461,529,1220,1244]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[155,218,2054,2076]" captionTargetBox="[299,1285,1422,2003]" captionTargetId="figure-611@3.[189,1398,1417,2007]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Layahima weiweii sp. nov., male holotype, habitus. Scale bar=10.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176112/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[542,577,1220,1244]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[155,218,1987,2009]" captionTargetBox="[189,1277,358,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-71@4.[189,1398,348,1942]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. The Layahima wuzhishana species group, wings. A. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype. B. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002), male. Abbreviations: C—costa; Sc—subcosta; RA—radius anterior; RP—radius posterior; MA—media anterior; MP—media posterior; CuA—cubitus anterior; CuP—cubitus posterior; A—anal veins. Scale bars=10.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176114/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[588,655,1220,1244]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[155,218,1989,2011]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1186,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-513@5.[189,1398,1186,1942]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. The Layahima wuzhishana species group. A. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype, head and thorax, dorsal view. B. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype, frons. C. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002), male, head and thorax, dorsal view. D. L. wuzhishana, male, frons. Red arrow indicates the tuft of long black setae on mesonotum. Scale bars=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176116/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">3A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[665,847,1220,1244]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[155,218,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1083,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-505@6.[189,1399,1077,1908]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. The Layahima wuzhishana species group, male terminalia and genitalia. A, C, E, G, I, K. L. weiweii sp. nov. B, D, F, H, J, L. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002). A–B. Terminalia, ventral view. C–D. Terminalia, lateral view. E–F. Genitalia, ventral view. G–H. Genitalia, lateral view. I–J. Dorsal view. K–L. Genitalia, caudal view. Abbreviations: ect—ectoproct; gx—gonocoxites; gp—gonapophyses; S9—sternum 9. Scale bars=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176118/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">4A, C, E, G, I, K</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1452,1275,2062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Diagnosis. Body largely yellow. Antennae nearly four times as long as pronotum; vertex with a black transverse band anteriorly, and with a pair of dark brown spots and indistinct transverse dark brown lines medially; frons with a nearly rhombic black marking. Pronotum with some indistinct brown markings; anterolateral mesonotum with a pair of tufts consisted of long black setae, and with a pair of long triangular dark brown stripes laterally. Tibial spurs long, barely curved. Abdominal terga 3–8 yellow alternating with dark brown. Male sternum 9 pentagonal; median part of gonocoxites 11 prominent in ventral view, protruding backward in lateral view.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1452,1275,2062]" box="[189,1421,1483,1508]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
Description. Size. Head width
<quantity box="[517,671,1483,1507]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.555" metricValueMax="2.64" metricValueMin="2.47" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="2.555" valueMax="2.64" valueMin="2.47">2.47–2.64 mm</quantity>
, forewing length
<quantity box="[858,1038,1483,1507]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.303" metricValueMax="2.386" metricValueMin="2.2199999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="23.03" valueMax="23.86" valueMin="22.2">22.20–23.86 mm</quantity>
, hind wing length
<quantity box="[1236,1417,1484,1508]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3024999999999998" metricValueMax="2.393" metricValueMin="2.212" pageId="2" pageNumber="291" unit="mm" value="23.025" valueMax="23.93" valueMin="22.12">22.12–23.93 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1452,1275,2062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
Head. Vertex raised, covered with some short setae, a black transverse band present anteriorly, a pair of dark brown spots and indistinct transverse dark brown lines present medially, and a pair of dark brown markings present posterolaterally (
<figureCitation box="[144,231,1587,1612]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[155,218,1989,2011]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1186,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-513@5.[189,1398,1186,1942]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. The Layahima wuzhishana species group. A. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype, head and thorax, dorsal view. B. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype, frons. C. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002), male, head and thorax, dorsal view. D. L. wuzhishana, male, frons. Red arrow indicates the tuft of long black setae on mesonotum. Scale bars=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176116/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Antennae nearly four times as long as pronotum; scape and pedicel generally yellow, covered with some short setae; flagellomeres generally yellow, each segment with a circular brown marking. Frons with a nearly rhombic black marking (
<figureCitation box="[242,327,1657,1681]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[155,218,1989,2011]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1186,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-513@5.[189,1398,1186,1942]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. The Layahima wuzhishana species group. A. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype, head and thorax, dorsal view. B. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype, frons. C. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002), male, head and thorax, dorsal view. D. L. wuzhishana, male, frons. Red arrow indicates the tuft of long black setae on mesonotum. Scale bars=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176116/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Clypeus yellow with a few setae. Labrum brown. Maxillary palpus generally pale yellow, but brown distally. Labial palpus pale brown, apical segment fusiform, with a brown marking. Mandibles yellowish brown with distal half dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1452,1275,2062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">
Thorax (
<figureCitation box="[281,367,1761,1785]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[155,218,1989,2011]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1186,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-513@5.[189,1398,1186,1942]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. The Layahima wuzhishana species group. A. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype, head and thorax, dorsal view. B. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype, frons. C. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002), male, head and thorax, dorsal view. D. L. wuzhishana, male, frons. Red arrow indicates the tuft of long black setae on mesonotum. Scale bars=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176116" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176116/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Yellow, with dark markings. Pronotum longer than wide, covered with some long black setae; three indistinct brown markings present anteriorly, a pair of longitudinal black stripes present laterally, and an indistinct brown marking present medially. Mesonotum covered with a pair of tufts consisted of long black setae anterolaterally; anterior part generally dark brown, laterally with a pair of long triangular dark brown stripes and a pair of small spots; mesoscutellum with a pair of black marking posteriorly. Metanotum generally dark brown. Pleurae with three black stripes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1452,1275,2062]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1452,236,1370]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="292" pageId="2" pageNumber="291">Legs. Short, pale yellow, with dark markings. All femora covered with many short black setae; all tibiae covered with some long black setae; tibial spurs brown, elongate and barely curved; tarsomeres 1–4 generally brown; tarsomeres 5 brown, with distal half dark brown, and with a few short tapered setae ventrally. Foreleg: Coxa brown, with a dark brown spot; femur generally yellow, dark brown dorsally; tibia generally pale yellow, an irregular brown marking present basally, distal part dark brown; tibial spurs reaching base of tarsomere 5. Midleg: Coxa with basal half black and distal half yellow; femur generally yellow, dark brown distally; tibia generally pale yellow, with some brown dots, basal 1/3 with a dark brown spot, distal part dark brown; tibial spurs reaching base of tarsomere 5. Hind leg: Coxa with basal half black and distal half yellow; femur generally yellow, dark brown distally; tibia generally pale yellow, basal 1/3 with a dark brown spot, distal part dark brown; tibial spurs reaching tip of tarsomere 4; tarsomere 1 longer than that of fore- and midleg.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[136,1452,236,1370]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
Wings (
<figureCitation box="[272,357,410,434]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[155,218,1987,2009]" captionTargetBox="[189,1277,358,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-71@4.[189,1398,348,1942]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. The Layahima wuzhishana species group, wings. A. L. weiweii sp. nov., male holotype. B. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002), male. Abbreviations: C—costa; Sc—subcosta; RA—radius anterior; RP—radius posterior; MA—media anterior; MP—media posterior; CuA—cubitus anterior; CuP—cubitus posterior; A—anal veins. Scale bars=10.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176114/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Long, distally rounded. Banksian lines absent. Male pilula axillaris absent. Pterostigma pale. Forewing slightly longer than hindwing. Veins dark brown alternating with pale stripes. Forewing subcostal area with a series of discontinuous dark brown markings and dots; mediocubital area with some indistinct brown marking; rhegma present as two indistinct brown markings; base of cubital area with a brown spot; crossvein on posterior costal space mostly branched; RP origin with CuA fork alignment; presectoral area with five crossveins; RP with eight branches. Hindwing generally transparent; subcostal area with some brown dots; presectoral area with one crossvein; RP origin basal to MP fork.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[136,1452,236,1370]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
Abdomen. Tergum 1 generally pale yellow, dark brown basally; tergum 2 generally dark brown; Yellow alternating with dark brown on terga 3–8. Male genitalia: Tergum 8 subrectanglar in lateral view. Sternum 9 covered with some long setae, pentagonal (
<figureCitation box="[270,359,687,711]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[155,218,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1083,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-505@6.[189,1399,1077,1908]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. The Layahima wuzhishana species group, male terminalia and genitalia. A, C, E, G, I, K. L. weiweii sp. nov. B, D, F, H, J, L. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002). A–B. Terminalia, ventral view. C–D. Terminalia, lateral view. E–F. Genitalia, ventral view. G–H. Genitalia, lateral view. I–J. Dorsal view. K–L. Genitalia, caudal view. Abbreviations: ect—ectoproct; gx—gonocoxites; gp—gonapophyses; S9—sternum 9. Scale bars=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176118/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Gonocoxites 9 medially curved internally; posterior part present as a pair of elongate plates, apex strongly sclerotized and scaly (
<figureCitation box="[471,556,722,746]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[155,218,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1083,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-505@6.[189,1399,1077,1908]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. The Layahima wuzhishana species group, male terminalia and genitalia. A, C, E, G, I, K. L. weiweii sp. nov. B, D, F, H, J, L. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002). A–B. Terminalia, ventral view. C–D. Terminalia, lateral view. E–F. Genitalia, ventral view. G–H. Genitalia, lateral view. I–J. Dorsal view. K–L. Genitalia, caudal view. Abbreviations: ect—ectoproct; gx—gonocoxites; gp—gonapophyses; S9—sternum 9. Scale bars=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176118/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
). Gonocoxites 11 arrow-shaped, median part prominent in ventral view; protruding backward in lateral view (
<figureCitation box="[420,539,756,781]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[155,218,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1083,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-505@6.[189,1399,1077,1908]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. The Layahima wuzhishana species group, male terminalia and genitalia. A, C, E, G, I, K. L. weiweii sp. nov. B, D, F, H, J, L. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002). A–B. Terminalia, ventral view. C–D. Terminalia, lateral view. E–F. Genitalia, ventral view. G–H. Genitalia, lateral view. I–J. Dorsal view. K–L. Genitalia, caudal view. Abbreviations: ect—ectoproct; gx—gonocoxites; gp—gonapophyses; S9—sternum 9. Scale bars=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176118/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Fig. 4E, G</figureCitation>
). Gonapophyses 11 weakly developed. Ectoproct covered with long setae (
<figureCitation box="[1353,1440,756,781]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[155,218,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1083,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-505@6.[189,1399,1077,1908]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. The Layahima wuzhishana species group, male terminalia and genitalia. A, C, E, G, I, K. L. weiweii sp. nov. B, D, F, H, J, L. L. wuzhishana (Yang, 2002). A–B. Terminalia, ventral view. C–D. Terminalia, lateral view. E–F. Genitalia, ventral view. G–H. Genitalia, lateral view. I–J. Dorsal view. K–L. Genitalia, caudal view. Abbreviations: ect—ectoproct; gx—gonocoxites; gp—gonapophyses; S9—sternum 9. Scale bars=1.0mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7176118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7176118/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). Female genitalia unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[136,1452,236,1370]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
Type material.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-04-30" collectionCode="CAU" collectorName="Zhuo Chen" country="Malaysia" elevation="1200" location="Borneo Jungle Girl Camp" municipality="Mt. Trusmadi" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sabah" typeStatus="holotype">
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,
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:
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),
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<collectingDate box="[1233,1385,826,850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" value="2018-04-30">30 April 2018</collectingDate>
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<collectorName pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Zhuo Chen</collectorName>
leg. (
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)
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.
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<typeStatus box="[331,438,861,885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
<specimenCount box="[448,482,861,885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, same locality as holotype,
<date box="[776,985,860,885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" value="2015-09-27">
<collectingDate box="[776,985,860,885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" value="2015-09-27">27 September 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[995,1097,860,884]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Chao Wu</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode box="[1156,1218,861,885]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">CAU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2017-05-01" collectingDateMax="2017-05-07" collectingDateMin="2017-05-01" collectionCode="CAU" collectorName="Chao Wu" country="Malaysia" elevation="1200" location="Borneo Jungle Girl Camp" municipality="Mt. Trusmadi" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sabah" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount box="[1236,1271,861,885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, same locality as holotype,
<date box="[243,401,895,920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" value="2017-05-01" valueMax="2017-05-07" valueMin="2017-05-01">
<collectingDate box="[243,401,895,920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" value="2017-05-01" valueMax="2017-05-07" valueMin="2017-05-01">1–7 May 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[412,514,895,919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Chao Wu</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode box="[573,635,895,919]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">CAU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation box="[654,1340,895,919]" collectingDate="2016-04-27" collectionCode="CAU" collectorName="Hu Li" country="Malaysia" elevation="1200" location="Borneo Jungle Girl Camp" municipality="Mt. Trusmadi" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Sabah" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount box="[654,689,895,919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
, same locality as holotype,
<date box="[984,1136,895,919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" value="2016-04-27">
<collectingDate box="[984,1136,895,919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" value="2016-04-27">27 April 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[1147,1210,895,919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Hu Li</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode box="[1270,1332,895,919]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">CAU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2016-04-29" collectionCode="CAU" collectorName="Xiumei Lu" country="Malaysia" elevation="1200" location="Borneo Jungle Girl Camp" municipality="Mt. Trusmadi" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Sabah" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount box="[1350,1386,895,919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
, same locality as holotype,
<date box="[358,509,930,954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" value="2016-04-29">
<collectingDate box="[358,509,930,954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" value="2016-04-29">29 April 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[520,636,930,954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Xiumei Lu</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode box="[696,758,930,954]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">CAU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-05-05" collectionCode="CAU" collectorName="Guanyuan Cao" country="Malaysia" elevation="1200" location="Borneo Jungle Girl Camp" municipality="Mt. Trusmadi" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sabah" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount box="[776,811,930,954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, same locality as holotype,
<date box="[1105,1236,930,954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" value="2019-05-05">
<collectingDate box="[1105,1236,930,954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" value="2019-05-05">5 May 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[1247,1406,930,954]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Guanyuan Cao</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode box="[144,206,965,989]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33074" name="China Agricultural University" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">CAU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[136,1452,236,1370]" box="[189,526,999,1023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
Distribution.
<collectingCountry box="[332,430,999,1023]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion box="[444,515,999,1023]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Sabah</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[136,1452,236,1370]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
Etymology. The new species is dedicated to the entomologist, science writer and amber collector Weiwei Zhang (
<collectingRegion box="[144,268,1068,1092]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
), who kindly helped us to obtain these important specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="3.[136,1452,236,1370]" lastBlockId="4.[136,860,236,261]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="293" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
Remarks. This species is very similar to
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Yang" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[620,774,1103,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Layahima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishana">
<emphasis box="[620,774,1103,1127]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">L. wuzhishana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but can be distinguished from the latter by its yellow body, the vertex with a pair of dark brown spots and indistinct transverse dark brown lines, the pronotum with indistinct brown markings anteriorly and medially, the mesonotum with a pair of long triangular dark brown stripes laterally, the median part of male gonocoxites 11 narrower in ventral view, and the anterior gonocoxites 11 protruding backward in lateral view.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Yang" baseAuthorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Layahima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuzhishana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">L. wuzhishana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName authority="Zheng &amp; Liu, 2021" authorityName="Zheng &amp; Liu" authorityYear="2021" box="[549,657,1243,1266]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Layahima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weiweii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[549,657,1243,1266]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">L. weiweii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[664,750,1242,1266]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[664,750,1242,1266]" pageId="3" pageNumber="292" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
by the following characters: the body pale yellow, the vertex with a pair of large dark brown markings medially and then extending to lateral part, the pronotum with a pair of curved dark brown stripes medially, the mesonotum with a pair of long trapezoid dark brown stripes laterally, the abdominal terga 3–8 each with an arrow-shaped pale yellowish marking, the median part of male gonocoxites 11 prominent and wide in ventral view, and the anterior gonocoxites 11 not protruding in lateral view.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<taxonomicName LSID="B7029A56-647E-5332-8EF5-2640D2B1859C" authority="Jakovlev, 1893" authorityName="Jakovlev" authorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Coranus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coranus aethiops" order="Reduviidae" pageId="0" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="Aethiops">Coranus aethiops Jakovlev, 1893</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="249">
Berelsk Vill.,
<date value="2017-09-27">27.09.2017</date>
(G. Amanbaeva)
<specimenCount type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="249">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="249">Euro-Siberian. First record from East Kazakhstan Region.</paragraph>
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88
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<paragraph id="C1E24685D8B2D7DEB5B723ADE454C78C" pageNumber="446">&quot;Habitat in Virginia, Canada.&quot; RCN: 6566.</paragraph>
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(Reveal in Jarvis &amp; Turland in
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47: 359. 1998): Herb. Linn. No. 1026.11 (
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Current name:
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<emphasis id="D950BFC1749B22B473B4A8EFBE2A9CFC" bold="true" italics="true" pageNumber="446">Verbesina alternifolia</emphasis>
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(L.) Britton ex Kearney
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(
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, 1869
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<normalizedToken id="401E743BFF501EE77C79DE48CD84C595" originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
, 1869
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<taxonomicName id="BE5136CF8A60E895A5B03BE14A205233" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Haplaspis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="HAPLASPIS" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">HAPLASPIS</taxonomicName>
Townes, 1944
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<subSubSection id="C2809E7775A937D80D485C80DB44CB48" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" type="notes">
<paragraph id="D4D388DE90389F7EF49432EA5B9949F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8190056702407E199D273E9E6965F457" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">
Some distribution data from
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and
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.
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FRUIT. Epicarp glabrous, reticulate when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp ca
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thick when dry. Length
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, width
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, thickness
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ENDOCARP. Length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged, with 3–4 main longitudinal ridges; the median ridge reaching the point of the base. Ridges thin and rounded, forming a reticulate pattern enclosing 14–20 areoles, generally with a freely ending ridgelet inside. Vasculature of the endocarp free. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding ridges (ca
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thick including ridges). Endocarp wall with three cell layers: outermost layer with 5–10 rows of anticlinally oriented cells, cells
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in length; followed by a layer of 5–7 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width; innermost layer with a single row of periclinally oriented cells, cells ca
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in width, lining the locule with regularly spaced and elongate papillae; papillae
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in diameter, ca 1000 papillae per
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. Locule surface lacunate.
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72
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Genus
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A.Juss.
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF81C34580ACFC57FC080376" blockId="25.[661,927,986,1046]" box="[670,917,1020,1046]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Figs 10.10–10.26, 11</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF81C345828FFB97FED30336" bold="true" box="[189,334,1084,1110]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Description</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF81C345828FFBC1FAEA0389" blockId="25.[189,1399,1129,1257]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FRUIT. Elliptical, occasionally slightly globose, asymmetrical at the apex, red-brown to black when mature. Epicarp glabrous or yellowish puberulent with small ovoid hairs to papillate hairs, which line the surface, and simple hairs with granular ornamentation or only simple hairs without granular ornamentation; ridged when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Calyx persistent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF81C345828FFAA4FEE60293" blockId="25.[189,1399,1295,1523]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical to obovate in lateral view, globose to lenticular in transverse section. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry or faintly visible. Apex truncate or acute, always asymmetrical in lateral view; base symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp irregularly rugose or ridged, with a diffuse or reticulate pattern of rounded to sharp ridges. Vasculature follows the ridges or rests between rugosities. Endocarp primary vascular bundle positioned outside or within the endocarp wall. Endocarp wall with at least one row of periclinally oriented cells. Locule surface smooth and faintly lacunate.</paragraph>
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Key to the genus
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<keyLead id="845B95ABFF81C345828FF9EDFAEA01E2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1. Keel surrounding the endocarp clearly visible, ornamentation rugose with numerous mounds ...... 2 – Keel faintly apparent, ornamentation ridged .................................................................................... 3</keyLead>
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2. Apex truncate, endocarp length ca
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..........................................
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– Apex acute, endocarp length ca
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Oliv.
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3. Ridges sharp, reticulate ..................................................................................................................... 4 – Ridges rounded, not reticulate ............................................................................
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF81C34586BBF887FAB10026" bold="true" box="[1161,1324,1835,1862]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">I. guessfeldtii</emphasis>
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4. Ridges up to
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thick, keel faintly apparent, vascular bundle outside the endocarp wall .......... .........................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF81C3458658F825FAEA00C7" ID-CoL="3P8D6" authority="De Wild." authorityName="De Wild." box="[1130,1399,1933,1960]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Icacina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="claessensii">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF81C3458658F825FA9B00C8" bold="true" box="[1130,1286,1933,1960]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">I. claessensii</emphasis>
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– Ridges up to
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thick, keel thick, vascular bundle within the endocarp wall ............................ ..................................................................................................................................
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF81C345869FF87AFAAB008B" bold="true" box="[1197,1334,2000,2027]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">I. trichanta</emphasis>
Oliv.
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF82C346805DFEA0FCCE0646" bold="true" box="[623,851,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Icacina claessensii</emphasis>
De Wild.
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF82C3468087FE84FCE30629" blockId="26.[623,964,267,329]" box="[693,894,303,329]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 10.10–10.17</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF82C346828FFEDBFE3706EA" bold="true" box="[189,426,368,394]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF82C34682D8FE34FCCA06D9" bold="true" box="[234,855,415,442]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF82C346828FFE68FD7E0560" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302381" collectingDate="1958-10-26" collectionCode="S, C, BR" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" location="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCode="BR0000015572356" specimenCount="1">
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DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE
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• “Baringa/
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/Maringa (Terr. Befale) Forêt”;
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. Evard 5094
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;
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[
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.
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF82C34682D8FD83FE3B0522" bold="true" box="[234,422,552,578]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Other material</emphasis>
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• 1897;
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959
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FRUIT. Elliptical, red when mature. Epicarp glabrous, ridged, with diffuse long arbuscles, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp
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thick. Length
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, width
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, thickness 14.0–
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.
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ENDOCARP. Elliptical in lateral view, globose in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Keel faintly apparent, with a median channel, surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex truncate; base rounded and slightly asymmetrical, positioned in opposition to the apex asymmetry. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged with 3–4 main longitudinal ridges; the median and a lateral ridge reaching the point of the base. Ridges sharp and thin, with a median channel (corresponding to the trace left by the vasculature of the fruit), forming a partial and sparse reticulum with ca 16–17 areoles, some areoles transversally extended, others small and randomly positioned, with freely ending ridgelets, occasionally arbusclular. Endocarp possessing a symmetrical pair of pores positioned eccentrically and subapically at the apical end of the median ridge. Vasculature of the endocarp resting in the channels of the ridges; endocarp primary vascular bundle positioned outside the endocarp wall. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding ridges (
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including ridges). Endocarp wall with two layers: outermost layer with 3–4 rows of isodiametric cells, cells
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in diameter, innermost layer with 10–13 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width. Locule surface smooth and lacunate.
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF82C346828FFA1CFE3702B1" blockId="26.[189,426,1463,1489]" box="[189,426,1463,1489]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="645D81F2FF82C346828FFA1CFE3702B1" bold="true" box="[189,426,1463,1489]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF82C346828FFA1CFE3702B1" bold="true" box="[189,426,1463,1489]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF82C34682D8FA4EFCCA029F" blockId="26.[189,1320,1509,1572]" box="[234,855,1509,1536]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF82C34682D8FA4EFCCA029F" bold="true" box="[234,855,1509,1536]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF82C346828FF9A2FAB50143" blockId="26.[189,1320,1509,1572]" box="[189,1320,1544,1572]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF82C346828FF9A2FAB50143" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302446" box="[189,1320,1544,1572]" collectionCode="BR" collectorName="J. Gillet" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" location="DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCode="BR0000015572677" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF82C346828FF9A2FD700143" box="[189,749,1545,1571]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO</collectingCountry>
• 1902;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF82C3468162F9A1FC6C0143" box="[848,1009,1545,1571]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<collectorName id="925F5348FF82C3468162F9A1FC320143" box="[848,943,1545,1571]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">J. Gillet</collectorName>
2674
</emphasis>
; BR[
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].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF82C34682D8F9E1FE3B0104" blockId="26.[189,1398,1610,1708]" box="[234,422,1610,1636]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF82C34682D8F9E1FE3B0104" bold="true" box="[234,422,1610,1636]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF82C346828FF9C5FCBE01CC" blockId="26.[189,1398,1610,1708]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF82C346828FF9C5FC8001CC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302380" collectingDate="1964-06" collectionCode="A, P" country="Republic of the Congo" location="Route de Kinkala" municipality="Itineraire Mahitou" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF82C346828FF9C5FDAA01E8" box="[189,567,1646,1672]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
REPUBLIC OF THE
<collectingRegion id="FD6EF87CFF82C34683FDF9C5FDAA01E8" box="[463,567,1646,1672]" country="Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">CONGO</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
• “
<location id="3A756045FF82C3468054F9C5FCD901E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FF82C347804CFAFAFB8C0526:3A756045FF82C3468054F9C5FCD901E8" box="[614,836,1646,1672]" country="Republic of the Congo" municipality="Itineraire Mahitou" name="Route de Kinkala" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Route de Kinkala</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FF82C3468167F9C5FBAD01E8" box="[853,1072,1646,1672]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Itineraire Mahitou</collectingMunicipality>
- Boutsouka - Tonkama”;
<date id="4B14105EFF82C346828FF939FEAF01CB" box="[189,306,1681,1708]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1964-06">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF82C346828FF939FEAF01CB" box="[189,306,1681,1708]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" value="1964-06">Jun. 1964</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF82C346830DF939FE7801CB" box="[319,485,1681,1708]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF82C346830DF939FEC901CC" box="[319,340,1682,1708]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Bouquet 28
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF82C34683C7F939FD9801CC" box="[501,517,1682,1708]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P04495336]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FF82C347828FF978FB8C0526" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF82C346828FF978FED3018D" blockId="26.[189,334,1747,1773]" box="[189,334,1747,1773]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="645D81F2FF82C346828FF978FED3018D" bold="true" box="[189,334,1747,1773]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF82C346828FF978FED3018D" bold="true" box="[189,334,1747,1773]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF82C346828FF8A9FD260003" blockId="26.[189,1399,1794,1891]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
FRUIT. Elliptical to obovate, red when mature. Epicarp glabrous, ridged when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF82C346811FF88EFC580020" box="[813,965,1829,1856]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="500.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="400.0">400–600 µm</quantity>
thick when dry. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF82C34686DCF88EFAEF0020" box="[1262,1394,1829,1856]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="25.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="21.0">21–30 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF82C3468335F8E3FE140003" box="[263,393,1864,1891]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 mm</quantity>
, thickness 12.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF82C3468079F8E2FD2B0003" box="[587,694,1865,1891]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="19.4">19.4 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF82C347828FF821FB8C0526" blockId="26.[189,1399,1930,2027]" lastBlockId="27.[189,1399,267,583]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
ENDOCARP. Obovate in lateral view, globose in transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF82C3468608F821FB3B00C5" box="[1082,1190,1930,1957]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.63" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="26.3">26.3 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF82C346872FF821FAEF00C5" box="[1309,1394,1930,1957]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF82C346836BF806FE5500A8" box="[345,456,1965,1992]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
. Keel surrounding the endocarp wall in the plane of symmetry, with one part flattened and containing a vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall. Apex truncate; base acute, slightly asymmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged and rugose, with a median ridge reaching the point of the base and running nearly to the apex. Lateral ridges irregular and disconnected, running along more or less the entirety of the endocarp length. Ridges rounded with a slight median channel, forming a diffuse pattern, occasionally forming an arbuscle-like branch. A few isolated mounds cover the surface randomly. Endocarp possessing a symmetrical pair of pores compressed on the keel, positioned eccentrically and subapically on the apical endocarp faces, each with a central pit. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF83C34782CAFE4FFE0D069F" box="[248,400,484,511]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8449999999999998" metricValueMax="3.06" metricValueMin="2.63" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="284.5" valueMax="306.0" valueMin="263.0">263–306 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges (
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF83C3478083FE4FFCD7069F" box="[689,842,484,511]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="515.0" valueMax="560.0" valueMin="470.0">470–560 µm</quantity>
including ridges). Vasculature of the endocarp resting in the channels of the ridges but also free. Endocarp wall with ca 15 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF83C347830DFD86FE2A0527" box="[319,439,557,583]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="20.0">20–27 µm</quantity>
in width. Locule surface smooth, slightly lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

153
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<subSubSection id="77B06515FF83C34780AFFDC4FCF305CD" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF83C34780AFFDC4FC0A05E9" blockId="27.[669,919,623,685]" box="[669,919,623,649]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="645D81F2FF83C34780AFFDC4FC0A05E9" box="[669,919,623,649]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF83C34780AFFDC4FC0A05E9" ID-CoL="3P8DB" authority="Oliv." authorityName="Oliv. (J. Koechlin" authorityYear="2334" box="[669,919,623,649]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Icacina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mannii">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF83C34780AFFDC4FCC805E9" bold="true" box="[669,853,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Icacina mannii</emphasis>
Oliv.
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF83C34780F7FD38FCF305CD" blockId="27.[669,919,623,685]" box="[709,878,659,685]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 11.1–11.9</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FF83C347828FFD7EFA8B048C" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF83C347828FFD7EFE37058F" blockId="27.[189,426,725,751]" box="[189,426,725,751]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="645D81F2FF83C347828FFD7EFE37058F" bold="true" box="[189,426,725,751]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF83C347828FFD7EFE37058F" bold="true" box="[189,426,725,751]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF83C34782D8FCAEFCCA047F" blockId="27.[189,1316,773,836]" box="[234,855,773,799]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF83C34782D8FCAEFCCA047F" bold="true" box="[234,855,773,799]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF83C347828FFC82FAB90423" blockId="27.[189,1316,773,836]" box="[189,1316,808,836]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF83C347828FFC82FAB90423" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302444" box="[189,1316,808,836]" collectorName="J. Koechlin" country="Republic of the Congo" location="Brazzaville" municipality="Brazzaville" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04495011" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF83C347828FFC82FDBA0423" box="[189,551,809,836]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO</collectingCountry>
•
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FF83C3478072FC82FD540423" box="[576,713,809,835]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Brazzaville</collectingMunicipality>
; 1953;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF83C347812DFC81FC7A0423" box="[799,999,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<collectorName id="925F5348FF83C347812DFC81FC380423" box="[799,933,809,835]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">J. Koechlin</collectorName>
2334
</emphasis>
; P[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FF83C347863FFC81FA8E0424" box="[1037,1299,809,836]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">MNHN-P-P04495011</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF83C34782D8FCC0FE3B04E5" blockId="27.[189,894,875,938]" box="[234,422,875,901]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF83C34782D8FCC0FE3B04E5" bold="true" box="[234,422,875,901]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF83C347828FFC3BFCE304CA" blockId="27.[189,894,875,938]" box="[189,894,911,938]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF83C347828FFC3BFCE304CA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302366" box="[189,894,911,938]" collectorName="R. P. Klaine" country="Gabon" location="GABON" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04495007" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF83C347828FFC3BFEB804CA" box="[189,293,912,938]" name="Gabon" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">GABON</collectingCountry>
• 1897;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF83C34783BAFC3BFDDD04CA" box="[392,576,911,938]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<collectorName id="925F5348FF83C34783BAFC3BFD9104C9" box="[392,524,911,937]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R.P. Klaine</collectorName>
489
</emphasis>
; P[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FF83C3478054FC3BFCF004CA" box="[614,877,911,938]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">MNHN-P-P04495007</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF83C347828FFC79FA8B048C" blockId="27.[189,1302,977,1005]" box="[189,1302,977,1005]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF83C347828FFC79FA8B048C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302310" box="[189,1302,977,1005]" collectorName="J. Koechlin" country="Republic of the Congo" location="Brazzaville" municipality="Brazzaville" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04495012" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF83C347828FFC79FDBA048C" box="[189,551,978,1004]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO</collectingCountry>
•
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FF83C3478072FC79FD54048C" box="[576,713,978,1004]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Brazzaville</collectingMunicipality>
; 1950;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF83C347812DFC78FC45048C" box="[799,984,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<collectorName id="925F5348FF83C347812DFC78FC38048C" box="[799,933,978,1004]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">J. Koechlin</collectorName>
633
</emphasis>
; P[
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].
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FF83C341828FFBBFFD0F0521" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF83C347828FFBBFFED3034E" blockId="27.[189,334,1044,1070]" box="[189,334,1044,1070]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="645D81F2FF83C347828FFBBFFED3034E" bold="true" box="[189,334,1044,1070]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF83C347828FFBBFFED3034E" bold="true" box="[189,334,1044,1070]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF83C347828FFBEFFBC203AB" blockId="27.[189,1399,1092,1227]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
FRUIT. Elliptical with acute apex, laterally compressed, brown when mature. Epicarp puberulent with two
<typeStatus id="E011883CFF83C34782DDFBC3FEB003E2" box="[239,301,1128,1154]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">types</typeStatus>
of hairs, simple hairs with granular ornamentation and small papillae-like hair expansions that line the fruit; faintly rugose when dry, revealing the underlying endocarp ridges. Mesocarp
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thick when dry. Length
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, width 16.5–26.0 mm, thickness
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.
</paragraph>
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ENDOCARP. Elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Keel running along the dorsal length of the endocarp, flanked by two channels, with the vascular bundle embedded within keel/ endocarp wall; a single channel runs along the ventral length of the endocarp. Apex acute, asymmetrical, forming a rectangular protuberance; base rounded-acute and slightly asymmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp rugged with ca 90 mounds, more or less square-polygonal, with freely ending channels inside, more or less branched. Mounds organized in 9–12 longitudinal lines separated by 5–6 main longitudinal channels. The main channel on each face reaching the pore positioned subapically on the apical protuberance. Vasculature of the endocarp resting in the channels between mounds and along the channel branches inside the mounds. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF85C3418343FE16FD9506B7" box="[369,520,445,471]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3049999999999997" metricValueMax="3.72" metricValueMin="2.8899999999999997" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="330.5" valueMax="372.0" valueMin="289.0">289–372 µm</quantity>
thick excluding mounds (
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF85C341810EFE17FC4806B7" box="[828,981,444,471]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.02" metricValueMax="5.4399999999999995" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="502.0" valueMax="544.0" valueMin="460.0">460–544 µm</quantity>
including mounds). Endocarp wall with two cell layers: outermost layer with 8–9 rows of anticlinally oriented to isodiametric cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF85C341828FFDA8FEA5057E" box="[189,312,515,542]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="26.5" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="22.0">22–31 µm</quantity>
in length; innermost layer with 5–6 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width. Locule surface smooth, lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

154
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<mods:title id="26AE586763101E75CD44352808ED1B42">Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales)</mods:title>
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<heading id="645D81F2FF85C341807AFDC3FC7105E2" box="[584,1004,616,643]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF85C341807AFDC3FC7105E2" ID-CoL="3P8DD" authority="(Poir.) J. Raynal" authorityName="J. Raynal" baseAuthorityName="Poir." box="[584,1004,616,643]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Icacina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oliviformis">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF85C341807AFDC3FCB105E3" bold="true" box="[584,812,616,643]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Icacina oliviformis</emphasis>
(Poir.) J.Raynal
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF85C3418085FD27FCE005C6" blockId="29.[584,1004,616,678]" box="[695,893,652,678]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 11.10–11.18</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FF85C341828FFD66FC6F0480" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF85C341828FFD66FE370587" blockId="29.[189,426,717,743]" box="[189,426,717,743]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="645D81F2FF85C341828FFD66FE370587" bold="true" box="[189,426,717,743]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF85C341828FFD66FE370587" bold="true" box="[189,426,717,743]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF85C34182D8FD57FCCA0476" blockId="29.[189,1174,764,826]" box="[234,855,764,790]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF85C34182D8FD57FCCA0476" bold="true" box="[234,855,764,790]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF85C341828FFC8BFB0B045A" blockId="29.[189,1174,764,826]" box="[189,1174,799,826]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF85C341828FFC8BFB0B045A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302346" box="[189,1174,799,826]" collectorName="M. Dybowski" country="Republic of the Congo" location="REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04495750" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF85C341828FFC8BFDBA045A" box="[189,551,800,826]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO</collectingCountry>
• 1892;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF85C34180B8FC8BFCC50459" box="[650,856,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<collectorName id="925F5348FF85C34180B8FC8BFCB80459" box="[650,805,799,825]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">M. Dybowski</collectorName>
698
</emphasis>
; P[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FF85C341814CFC8BFB18045A" box="[894,1157,799,826]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">MNHN-P-P04495750</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF85C34182D8FCCAFE3B041B" blockId="29.[189,1325,865,927]" box="[234,422,865,891]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF85C34182D8FCCAFE3B041B" bold="true" box="[234,422,865,891]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF85C341828FFC2EFAB004FF" blockId="29.[189,1325,865,927]" box="[189,1325,900,927]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF85C341828FFC2EFAB004FF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302466" box="[189,1325,900,927]" collectorName="Peyre de Fabregues" country="Central African Republic" location="CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04495743" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF85C341828FFC2EFDC204FF" box="[189,607,901,927]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC</collectingCountry>
• 1978;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF85C34180F0FC2EFC7204FE" box="[706,1007,900,926]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<collectorName id="925F5348FF85C34180F0FC2EFC3104FE" box="[706,940,900,926]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Peyre de Fabrègues</collectorName>
3610
</emphasis>
; P[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FF85C3418627FC2EFA8104FF" box="[1045,1308,900,927]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">MNHN-P-P04495743</specimenCode>
].
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF85C341828FFC6DFC6F0480" blockId="29.[189,1010,965,993]" box="[189,1010,965,993]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF85C341828FFC6DFC710480" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302445" box="[189,1004,965,993]" collectingDate="1933" collectingDateMax="1934" collectingDateMin="1933" collectionCode="J, P" country="Senegal" location="SENEGAL" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF85C341828FFC6DFEDF0480" box="[189,322,966,992]" name="Senegal" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">SENEGAL</collectingCountry>
•
<date id="4B14105EFF85C3418368FC6DFE7F0480" box="[346,482,966,992]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1933" valueMax="1934">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF85C3418368FC6DFE7F0480" box="[346,482,966,992]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1933" valueMax="1934">1933–1934</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF85C34183DCFC6CFD280480" box="[494,693,966,992]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF85C34183DCFC6CFE620480" box="[494,511,967,992]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Trochain 3367
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF85C34180F6FC6CFD490481" box="[708,724,967,993]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P04495790]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FF85C341828FFBA3FB84015B" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF85C341828FFBA3FED30342" blockId="29.[189,334,1032,1058]" box="[189,334,1032,1058]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="645D81F2FF85C341828FFBA3FED30342" bold="true" box="[189,334,1032,1058]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF85C341828FFBA3FED30342" bold="true" box="[189,334,1032,1058]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF85C341828FFB9CFAEA0314" blockId="29.[189,1399,1078,1140]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
FRUIT. Elliptical, red-brown when mature. Epicarp puberulent with small ovoid hairs with an acuminate apex. Mesocarp
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thick when dry. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF85C341811EFBF1FC300314" box="[812,941,1114,1140]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="17.0">17–23 mm</quantity>
, width
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, thickness
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF85C341828FFB37FB84015B" blockId="29.[189,1399,1179,1595]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
ENDOCARP. Elliptical in lateral view, globose in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Keel running along the dorsal length of the endocarp, flanked by two channels, with the vascular bundle embedded within keel/ endocarp wall; a single channel runs along the ventral length of the endocarp. Apex truncate; base rounded-acute and slightly asymmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp rugose with ca 70–80 mounds, more or less square-polygonal, with a freely ending channels inside, more or less branched. Mounds organized in 7–8 longitudinal lines separated by three main longitudinal channels. The main channel on each face reaching a pore positioned subapically, each pore with a central pit. Vasculature of the endocarp resting in the channels between mounds and along the channel branches inside the mounds. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding mounds (
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including mounds). Endocarp wall with two cell layers: outermost layer with 7–8 rows of anticlinally oriented to isodiametric cells, cells
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Oliv.
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FRUIT. Elliptical, brown-black when mature. Epicarp puberulent with yellow simple hairs, reticulate when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp ca
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thick when dry. Length 30.8–34.0 mm, width
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, thickness 12.0–
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ENDOCARP. Elliptical in lateral view, globose in transverse section, length ca
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, thickness ca
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. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, with the thicker margin containing a vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall. Apex greatly asymmetrical in lateral view; base rounded, slightly asymmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged, with ca four main ridges, two lateral ridges reaching the point of the base. Ridges sharp and rectangular with a median channel, delimiting a reticulate pattern well developed in the upper half of the endocarp and more diffuse in the lower half. The reticulum encloses 10–20 irregular, more or less polygonal areoles with freely ending ridgelets inside. Endocarp possessing a symmetrical pair of pores compressed on the keel, positioned eccentrically and subapically on the endocarp faces, each with a central pit. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding ridges (
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including ridges). Vasculature of the endocarp resting in the channels of the ridges. Endocarp wall with three cell layers: outermost layer with 4–6 rows of anticlinally oriented to isodiametric cells, cells
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in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, which line the locule surface with inflated cells, cells
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<heading id="645D81F2FF86C342828FF9E5FE480108" bold="true" box="[189,469,1613,1640]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF86C342828FF9E5FE480108" bold="true" box="[189,469,1613,1640]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Key to the genus
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF86C34283A6F9E6FE480108" ID-CoL="54PW" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1825" box="[404,469,1613,1640]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF86C34283A6F9E6FE480108" bold="true" box="[404,469,1613,1640]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Iodes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="845B95ABFF86C342828FF9D7FAEA01DA" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">1. Endocarp with pores or horn-like protrusions at the apex ................................................................ 2 – Endocarp lacking pores or horn-like protrusions .............................................................................. 3</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF86C342828FF949FAEA0040" blockId="30.[189,1399,1762,1824]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF86C342828FF949FAEA0040" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF86C342828FF949FAEA0040" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">2. Endocarp with pores ......................................................................................................................... 4 – Endocarp with horn-like protrusions ................................................................................................ 5</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF86C342828FF8E3FAEA00E5" blockId="30.[189,1399,1863,1926]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF86C342828FF8E3FAEA00E5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF86C342828FF8E3FAEA00E5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
3. Outer surface of the endocarp smooth .....................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF86C3428604F8E3FAEA0001" ID-CoL="3PTT7" authority="(H. Lev.) Rehder" authorityName="Rehder" baseAuthorityName="H. Lev." box="[1078,1399,1863,1890]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="seguinii">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF86C3428604F8E3FB2D0001" bold="true" box="[1078,1200,1863,1890]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">I. seguinii</emphasis>
(H.Lév.) Rehder
</taxonomicName>
– Outer surface of the endocarp ridged ................................................................................................ 6
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF86C343828FF806FAEA062A" blockId="30.[189,1399,1965,2027]" lastBlockId="31.[189,1399,267,331]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF86C343828FF806FAEA062A" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF86C343828FF806FAEA062A" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
4. Endocarp globose in lateral view, endocarp length &lt;
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF86C3428160F806FC3800A8" box="[850,933,1965,1992]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
...............................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF86C34286AAF806FAEA00A7" ID-CoL="3PTSZ" authority="Sleumer" authorityName="Sleumer" authorityYear="1940" box="[1176,1399,1965,1991]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perrieri">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF86C34286AAF806FA9000A7" bold="true" box="[1176,1293,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">I. perrieri</emphasis>
Sleumer
</taxonomicName>
– Endocarp elliptical in lateral view, endocarp length&gt;
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF86C3428169F87AFC33008B" box="[859,942,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
.....................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF86C34286FAF87AFAEA008B" ID-CoL="3PTTK" authority="Merr." authorityName="Merr. (Burley" authorityYear="1577" box="[1224,1399,2001,2027]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yatesii">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF86C34286FAF87AFAB2008B" bold="true" box="[1224,1327,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">I. yatesii</emphasis>
Merr.
</taxonomicName>
5. Endocarp base cleft on one side ........................................................................................................ 7 – Endocarp base symmetrical .............................................................................................................. 8
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF87C343828FFED8FAEA06D2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF87C343828FFED8FAEA06D2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
6. Pattern of ridges not reticulate ...................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF87C343868EFEDFFAEA06ED" ID-CoL="6MVGK" authority="Stapf" authorityName="Stapf" authorityYear="1906" box="[1212,1399,371,398]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="liberica">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF87C343868EFEDFFAAC06EE" bold="true" box="[1212,1329,371,398]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">I. liberica</emphasis>
Stapf
</taxonomicName>
– Pattern of ridges reticulate ................................................................................................................ 9
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF87C343828FFE77FAEB057A" blockId="31.[189,1398,474,538]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF87C343828FFE77FAEB057A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF87C343828FFE77FAEB057A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
7. Pattern of ridges delimiting a few areoles, endocarp length&gt;
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF87C3438181FE70FB810696" box="[947,1052,475,502]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="12.6">12.6 mm</quantity>
.....................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF87C34386F3FE70FAEB0695" ID-CoL="3PTSY" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" box="[1217,1398,474,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovalis">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF87C34386F3FE70FABC0695" bold="true" box="[1217,1313,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">I. ovalis</emphasis>
Blume
</taxonomicName>
– Pattern of ridges diffuse, endocarp length &lt;
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF87C34380D9FDABFCCE057A" box="[747,851,512,538]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="12.6">12.6 mm</quantity>
.................................................................... 10
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF87C343828FFDE8FAEA05E2" blockId="31.[189,1399,578,642]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF87C343828FFDE8FAEA05E2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF87C343828FFDE8FAEA05E2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
8. Endocarp ca
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in length .............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF87C34386B5FDE8FAEA053D" ID-CoL="3PTSH" authority="Gagnep." authorityName="Gagnep." box="[1159,1399,578,605]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balansae">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF87C34386B5FDE8FA90053D" bold="true" box="[1159,1293,578,605]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">I. balansae</emphasis>
Gagnep.
</taxonomicName>
– Endocarp ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF87C34383B1FDCCFE4B05E2" box="[387,470,615,642]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
in length ................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF87C3438184FDC3FAEA05E2" ID-CoL="4QR8Q" authority="(Becc.) Utteridge &amp; Byng" authorityName="Utteridge &amp; Byng" baseAuthorityName="Becc." box="[950,1399,615,642]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scandens">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF87C3438184FDC3FBCD05E1" bold="true" box="[950,1104,615,642]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF87C3438184FDC3FBA205E2" bold="true" box="[950,1087,615,642]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">I. scandens</emphasis>
(
</emphasis>
Becc.) Utteridge &amp; Byng
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF87C343828FFD00FAE8058A" blockId="31.[189,1399,682,746]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF87C343828FFD00FAE8058A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF87C343828FFD00FAE8058A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
9. Fruit pilose, endocarp wall
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thick excluding ridges .........
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF87C3438629FD00FAEA05A5" ID-CoL="3PTT8" authority="(De Wild.) Boutique" authorityName="Boutique" authorityYear="1960" baseAuthorityName="De Wild." box="[1051,1399,683,710]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="seretii">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF87C3438629FD00FBE205A5" bold="true" box="[1051,1151,683,709]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">I. seretii</emphasis>
(De Wild.) Boutique
</taxonomicName>
– Fruit glabrous, puberulent, endocarp wall &lt;
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF87C34380DFFD7BFCD5058A" box="[749,840,720,746]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges ..................................11
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF87C343828FFCB8FAEA0432" blockId="31.[189,1399,786,850]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF87C343828FFCB8FAEA0432" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF87C343828FFCB8FAEA0432" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
10. Endocarp ornamentation rugose, secondary ridges absent .....................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF87C3438697FCB8FAEA044D" ID-CoL="3PTSK" authority="Turcz." authorityName="Turcz." box="[1189,1399,786,813]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cirrhosa">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF87C3438697FCB8FAB9044D" bold="true" box="[1189,1316,786,813]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">I. cirrhosa</emphasis>
Turcz.
</taxonomicName>
– Rugose ornamentation absent, secondary ridges present ...............................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF87C3438659FC93FAEA0432" ID-CoL="3PTT2" authority="Merr." authorityName="Merr." box="[1131,1399,823,850]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF87C3438659FC93FAB20432" bold="true" box="[1131,1327,823,850]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">I. philippinensis</emphasis>
Merr.
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF87C343828FFCD1FAEB04D9" blockId="31.[189,1399,890,954]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF87C343828FFCD1FAEB04D9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF87C343828FFCD1FAEB04D9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
11. Areoles few in number, ca 1 to 3 ....................................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF87C343865FFCD0FAEA04F4" ID-CoL="3PTSR" authority="Engl." authorityName="Engl. (G. A. Zenker" authorityYear="2032" box="[1133,1399,890,917]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kamerunensis">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF87C343865FFCD0FAAC04F5" bold="true" box="[1133,1329,890,917]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">I. kamerunensis</emphasis>
Engl.
</taxonomicName>
– Areoles numerous (&gt;13) ................................................................................................................. 12
</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF87C343828FFC49FAEB03EF" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF87C343828FFC49FAEA0326" blockId="31.[189,1399,994,1168]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF87C343828FFC49FAEA0326" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
12. Fruit glabrous, endocarp with numerous areoles, ridges faintly distinct, freely ending ridgelets absent, endocarp length &lt;
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF87C343802FFBACFDFC0341" box="[541,609,1031,1057]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
......................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF87C343860CFB87FAEA0326" ID-CoL="RN8J" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill. In" authorityYear="1876" box="[1086,1399,1067,1094]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Cassinopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF87C343860CFB87FAB20326" bold="true" box="[1086,1327,1067,1094]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">I. madagascariensis</emphasis>
Baill.
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF87C34382F3FBFAFAEB03EF" blockId="31.[189,1399,994,1168]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF87C34382F3FBFAFAEB03EF" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
– Fruit puberulent, endocarp with (at most) 25 areoles, freely ending ridgelets present, ridges distinct, endocarp length&gt;
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF87C34383F3FBDEFD8E03F0" box="[449,531,1141,1168]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
................................................................................................................ 13
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF87C343828FFB13FAEA0397" blockId="31.[189,1399,1208,1272]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF87C343828FFB13FAEA0397" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF87C343828FFB13FAEA0397" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
13. Areoles 13–15 on each face, surface rugose .........................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF87C34386A4FB12FAEB03B2" ID-CoL="3PTSS" authority="Pierre" authorityName="Pierre" box="[1174,1398,1208,1235]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="klaineana">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF87C34386A4FB12FAB403B3" bold="true" box="[1174,1321,1208,1235]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">I. klaineana</emphasis>
Pierre
</taxonomicName>
– Areoles 21–25 on each face, surface not rugose .......................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF87C3438673FB76FAEA0397" ID-CoL="3PTSG" authority="Welw. ex Oliv." authorityName="Oliv." box="[1089,1399,1244,1272]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF87C3438673FB76FB5F0396" bold="true" box="[1089,1218,1244,1271]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">I. africana</emphasis>
Welw. ex Oliv.
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF87C343805AFAB4FC8A0259" bold="true" box="[616,791,1311,1338]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Iodes africana</emphasis>
Welw. ex Oliv.
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF87C34380F6FAEEFCED023F" blockId="31.[616,972,1311,1375]" box="[708,880,1349,1375]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 12.1–12.9</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="77B06515FF87C343828FFA23FBE3006A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
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•
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.
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. Tisserant s.n.
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF87C34386CBFA76FA940297" box="[1273,1289,1501,1527]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN- P-P03951984]
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.
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<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF87C343828FF9EEFEB8013F" box="[189,293,1605,1631]" name="Gabon" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">GABON</collectingCountry>
• 1904;
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3505
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; P[
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]
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.
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF87C34382D8F92CFE3B01C1" bold="true" box="[234,422,1671,1697]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Other material</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF87C343828FF907FC3901A7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302415" box="[189,932,1708,1735]" collectorName="J. J. Bos" country="Cameroon" location="CAMEROON" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P03951958" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF87C343828FF907FEF801A6" box="[189,357,1708,1734]" name="Cameroon" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
• 1969;
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J.J.
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5089
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; P[
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• 1964;
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833
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FRUIT. Elliptical, laterally compressed, brown when mature. Epicarp puberulent with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation, reticulate when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp ca
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thick when dry. Length 11.2–15.0 mm, width
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, thickness ca
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.
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ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length
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, width
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, thickness ca
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. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, with the thicker margin containing a vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall. Apex asymmetrical in lateral view; base rounded, slightly flattened, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged with three main longitudinal ridges (up to eight counting small longitudinal ridges) more or less branched, all reaching the point of the base. Ridges rounded and thin, enclosing 21–25 longitudinal and polygonal areoles with small freely ending ridgelets, occasionally absent. Vasculature of the endocarp resting on the ridges and free in the mesocarp. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding ridges (
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including ridges). Endocarp wall with three cell layers: outermost layer with ca 0–6 row(s) of isodiametric cell, cells
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in diameter; followed by a layer with 5–10 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells ca
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in width, covering the inner endocarp surface with regularly spaced and rounded papillae; papillae
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(av.
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) in diameter, ca 810–840 papillae per
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. Locule surface lacunate.
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77
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Genus
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D80B5FD2FFCAF05FF" bold="true" box="[647,818,644,671]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Desmostachys</emphasis>
Planch. ex Miers
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<subSubSection id="77B06515FF89C34D828FFD62FB320476" box="[189,1199,713,790]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF89C34D828FFD62FED30583" blockId="17.[189,334,713,739]" box="[189,334,713,739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D828FFD62FED30583" bold="true" box="[189,334,713,739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF89C34D828FFD50FB320476" blockId="17.[189,1199,763,790]" box="[189,1199,763,790]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
See description of
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D83AAFD50FD690475" box="[408,756,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Desmostachys planchonianus</emphasis>
Miers
</taxonomicName>
, the sole member of the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="06238256088B3549A356A6025A052BCE">Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D8072FC94FC35043A" bold="true" box="[576,936,831,858]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Desmostachys planchonianus</emphasis>
Miers
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF89C34D80F6FCCDFCED04E1" blockId="17.[576,1011,831,897]" box="[708,880,870,897]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8.17–8.25</paragraph>
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<heading id="645D81F2FF89C34D828FFC00FE3704A5" bold="true" box="[189,426,939,965]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D828FFC00FE3704A5" bold="true" box="[189,426,939,965]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D82D8FC76FCCA0497" bold="true" box="[234,855,989,1015]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF89C34D828FFBA8FB6C037E" blockId="17.[189,1265,989,1054]" box="[189,1265,1027,1054]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF89C34D828FFBA8FB6C037E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302404" box="[189,1265,1027,1054]" collectorName="B. Lewis &amp; S. Razafimandimbison" country="Madagascar" location="MADAGASCAR" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04561640" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF89C34D828FFBA8FE13037D" box="[189,398,1027,1053]" name="Madagascar" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
• 1993;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D83C3FBAFFC2E037D" box="[497,947,1027,1054]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectorName id="925F5348FF89C34D83C3FBAFFDC8037D" box="[497,597,1028,1053]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. Lewis</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="925F5348FF89C34D8049FBAFFC1D037D" box="[635,896,1027,1054]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. Razafimandimbison</collectorName>
735
</emphasis>
; P[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FF89C34D81EBFBAFFB7D037E" box="[985,1248,1027,1054]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MNHN-P-P04561640</specimenCode>
].
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D82D8FBE3FE3B0302" bold="true" box="[234,422,1096,1122]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Other material</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF89C34D828FFBC4FE1303E9" box="[189,398,1135,1161]" name="Madagascar" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
• 2003;
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<collectorName id="925F5348FF89C34D83C0FBC4FD3903E8" box="[498,676,1134,1160]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R. Rabevohitra</collectorName>
et al. 4810
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] • 2003;
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<collectorName id="925F5348FF89C34D86F6FBC4FAEB03E8" box="[1220,1398,1134,1160]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R. Rabevohitra</collectorName>
et al. 4658
</emphasis>
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] • 2002;
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<collectorName id="925F5348FF89C34D80E1FB3DFC2E03CF" box="[723,947,1173,1199]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">J. Rabenantoandro</collectorName>
et al. 1155
</emphasis>
; P[
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].
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D828FFB71FED30394" bold="true" box="[189,334,1242,1268]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF89C34D828FFAA7FD8302F9" blockId="17.[189,1398,1292,1434]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
FRUIT. Elliptical, asymmetrical at the apex, laterally compressed, red when mature. Epicarp strigose with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation, rugose when dry, revealing the underlying rugosities of the endocarp. Mesocarp
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thick when dry. Length
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, width
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, thickness 5.0–
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. Calyx persistent.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF89C34D828DFA4FFBE8008B" blockId="17.[191,1401,1508,2028]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D828DFA4FFE90029E" bold="true" box="[191,269,1508,1534]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
Fruits of
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF89C34D83B0FA4FFDC2029E" authority="Miers." authorityName="Miers." box="[386,607,1508,1534]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Icacinaceae Miers.</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D8054FA4FFD0F029E" bold="true" box="[614,658,1508,1535]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1–9</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF89C34D8093FA4FFBCF029E" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill. In" authorityYear="1876" box="[673,1106,1508,1534]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Cassinopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D8093FA4FFB97029E" box="[673,1034,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Cassinopsis madagascariensis</emphasis>
Baill.
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D8651FA4EFAF5029E" box="[1123,1384,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P.P. Lowry et al. 5162</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D828DF9ACFF530141" bold="true" box="[191,206,1543,1569]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1</emphasis>
. Broken fruit, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D8016F9ACFDCD0141" bold="true" box="[548,592,1543,1570]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2–6</emphasis>
. Broken endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D8170F9ACFCCC0141" bold="true" box="[834,849,1543,1569]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing a reticulate pattern of ridges.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D832AF981FEBA0124" bold="true" box="[280,295,1578,1604]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing a keel surrounding the endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D81E8F981FC740124" bold="true" box="[986,1001,1578,1604]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">4</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D8739F980FA870125" bold="true" box="[1291,1306,1579,1605]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D8334F9E5FE880108" bold="true" box="[262,277,1614,1640]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">6</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D8384F9E5FE580108" bold="true" box="[438,453,1614,1640]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">7</emphasis>
. SEM image of the pericarp in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D8611F9E5FBAF0108" bold="true" box="[1059,1074,1614,1640]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">8</emphasis>
. Detail of the same section showing the cells. 9. SEM image of the inner endocarp surface showing cluster of hairs inside. –
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D877EF9DAFF4101CE" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">10– 16</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF89C34D82D9F93FFC1F01CE" authority="(Engl.) Jongkind &amp; O. Lachenaud" authorityName="Jongkind &amp; O. Lachenaud" baseAuthorityName="Engl." box="[235,898,1684,1711]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Vadensea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblongifolia">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D82D9F93FFE6C01CE" box="[235,497,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Vadensea oblongifolia</emphasis>
(Engl.) Jongkind &amp; O.Lachenaud
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D81A1F93EFBC301CE" box="[915,1118,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">R. Letouzey 8309</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D8645F93FFB0901CE" bold="true" box="[1143,1172,1684,1710]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">10</emphasis>
. Dried fruit, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D8337F91CFED101B1" bold="true" box="[261,332,1719,1746]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">11–15</emphasis>
. Broken endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D8006F91CFDD301B1" bold="true" box="[564,590,1719,1745]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">11</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing a reticulate pattern of ridges.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D868FF91CFB4701B1" bold="true" box="[1213,1242,1719,1745]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">12</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing a keel surrounding the endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D808EF971FD440194" bold="true" box="[700,729,1754,1780]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">13</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D81C5F971FB890194" bold="true" box="[1015,1044,1754,1780]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">14</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D86F0F971FB420194" bold="true" box="[1218,1247,1754,1780]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">15</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D828DF955FF410078" bold="true" box="[191,220,1790,1816]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">16</emphasis>
. SEM image of the pericarp in transverse section. –
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D815FF955FC2B0078" bold="true" box="[877,950,1790,1816]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">17–25</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF89C34D81FBF956FAE50078" authority="Miers" authorityName="Miers" authorityYear="1852" box="[969,1400,1789,1816]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Desmostachys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="planchonianus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D81FBF956FAB40077" box="[969,1321,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Desmostachys planchonianus</emphasis>
Miers
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D82FBF889FD15005B" box="[201,648,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. Lewis &amp; S. Razafimandimbison 735</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D8092F88AFD20005B" bold="true" box="[672,701,1825,1851]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">17</emphasis>
. Dried fruit, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D81D9F88AFBA9005B" bold="true" box="[1003,1076,1825,1851]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">18–22</emphasis>
.Endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D8688F88AFB4A005B" bold="true" box="[1210,1239,1825,1851]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">18</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing the roughness.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D83E9F8EFFE65003E" bold="true" box="[475,504,1860,1886]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">19</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing a keel surrounding the endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D86A3F8EFFB33003E" bold="true" box="[1169,1198,1860,1886]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">20</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D8337F8CCFEBF00E1" bold="true" box="[261,290,1895,1921]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">21</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D83FEF8CCFE7400E1" bold="true" box="[460,489,1895,1921]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">22</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D80B5F8CCFD3900E1" bold="true" box="[647,676,1895,1921]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">23</emphasis>
. SEM image of the endocarp in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D8736F8CCFABC00E1" bold="true" box="[1284,1313,1895,1921]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">24</emphasis>
. Detail of the basal part of 23. showing periclinally oriented cells.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF89C34D814EF821FC0400C4" bold="true" box="[892,921,1930,1956]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">25</emphasis>
. Detail of the upper part of 23. showing anticlinally oriented cells. Images taken from Del Rio (2018). Scale bars: 1–6, 10–15, 17–22 = 5 mm; 7 = 1 mm; 16 = 500 μm; 23 = 300 μm; 9 = 200 μm; 25 = 100 μm; 8, 24 = 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6BD56616FF8AC34E828FF87AFDFD008B" box="[189,608,2001,2027]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF8AC34E828FF87AFDFD008B" blockId="18.[189,608,2001,2027]" box="[189,608,2001,2027]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8AC34E828FF87AFE97008B" bold="true" box="[189,266,2001,2027]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
(see full caption on page 18)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF8BC34F828FFEA7FDDD050E" blockId="19.[189,1399,267,622]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Apex with an asymmetrical bulge; base rounded, slightly asymmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp rugose, irregular, with 20–25 mounds arranged longitudinally and interspaced by 4–5 channels. Channel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Vasculature of endocarp lies in the channels between mounds. Endocarp primary vascular bundle positioned outside the endocarp wall. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF8BC34F8067FE73FD710693" box="[597,748,472,499]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.675" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.45" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="267.5" valueMax="290.0" valueMin="245.0">245–290 µm</quantity>
thick excluding mounds (
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF8BC34F8610FE72FB210693" box="[1058,1212,473,499]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.06" metricValueMax="4.74" metricValueMin="3.38" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="406.0" valueMax="474.0" valueMin="338.0">338–474 µm</quantity>
thick including mounds). Endocarp wall with two layers: outermost layer with 7–10 rows of anticlinally oriented cells, cells
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in length; innermost layer with 7–10 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width. Locule surface smooth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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94
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF8BC34F805DFD31FB8A05D5" ID-CoL="7Q62R" authority="Jongkind &amp; O. Lachenaud" authorityName="Jongkind &amp; O. Lachenaud" box="[623,1047,666,693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Vadensea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8BC34F805DFD31FD7C05D5" bold="true" box="[623,737,666,693]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Vadensea</emphasis>
Jongkind &amp; O.Lachenaud
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF8BC34F80B5FD6FFC3105BE" blockId="19.[541,1047,666,734]" box="[647,940,708,734]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 8.10–8.16, 9.1–9.18</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8BC34F828FFCA0FED30445" bold="true" box="[189,334,779,805]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF8BC34F828FFCEBFD7E04CC" blockId="19.[189,1399,832,940]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FRUIT. Elliptical, laterally compressed, red when mature. Epicarp strigose to puberulent with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation, smooth to reticulate when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Calyx persistent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF8BC34F828FFC72FBF8025B" blockId="19.[189,1399,985,1340]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ENDOCARP. Cream to brown, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular to globose in transverse section. Keel often surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, occasionally not visible. Apex more or less asymmetrical in lateral view; base symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged, with diffuse or reticulate pattern of sharp to angular ridges. When reticulate, ridges delimit polygonal areoles with or without freely ending ridgelets. Endocarp with a symmetrical pair of pores compressed on the keel, positioned eccentrically and subapically on the endocarp faces, each with a central pit, or replaced by an apical bulge. Vasculature on the endocarp surface follows the reticulum of ridges. Endocarp primary vascular bundle outside the endocarp wall or in a channel on the keel. Endocarp wall with at least one row of periclinally oriented cells. Locule surface smooth, more or less lacunate.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF8BC34F828FFAC3FE3102E3" blockId="19.[189,428,1384,1411]" box="[189,428,1384,1411]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8BC34F828FFAC3FE3102E3" bold="true" box="[189,428,1384,1411]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Taxonomic remark</emphasis>
</heading>
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This work was largely completed before the taxonomic modification of the genus
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8BC34F86ABFA36FADC02D7" box="[1177,1345,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Desmostachys</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="16ED57F7FF8BC34F8779FA36FAEA02D7" box="[1355,1399,1437,1463]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5B3B4B6FFF8BC34F82F7FA6DFDB80280" author="Jongkind C. C. &amp; Lachenaud O." box="[197,549,1478,1504]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="237 - 247" refId="ref60620" refString="Jongkind C. C. &amp; Lachenaud O. 2019. Vadensea (Icacinaceae), a new genus to accommodate continental African species of Desmostachys. Phytotaxa 405 (5): 237 - 247. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 405.5.2" type="journal article" year="2019">Jongkind &amp; Lachenaud 2019</bibRefCitation>
). For practical reasons, we decided to keep the structure of this survey, but we included the taxonomic modifications. The probable polyphyly of
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF8BC34F8620FA44FB270169" box="[1042,1210,1519,1545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Desmostachys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8BC34F8620FA44FB270169" box="[1042,1210,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Desmostachys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="16ED57F7FF8BC34F86F3FA44FB740169" box="[1217,1257,1519,1545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
had already been outlined in the discussion, and we decided to keep these comments as a means of corroborating the study of
<bibRefCitation id="5B3B4B6FFF8BC34F8316F9EAFD12013B" author="Jongkind C. C. &amp; Lachenaud O." box="[292,655,1601,1627]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="237 - 247" refId="ref60620" refString="Jongkind C. C. &amp; Lachenaud O. 2019. Vadensea (Icacinaceae), a new genus to accommodate continental African species of Desmostachys. Phytotaxa 405 (5): 237 - 247. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 405.5.2" type="journal article" year="2019">Jongkind &amp; Lachenaud (2019)</bibRefCitation>
.
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Key to the genus
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1. Endocarp ridged and rugose, with a diffuse pattern of ridges ............................................................ .......................................................................................
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(Miers) Jongkind &amp; O.Lachenaud
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2. Fruit length ca
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, ridges sharp, areoles with freely ending ridgelets ......................................... ...............................................................................
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(Engl.) Jongkind &amp; O.Lachenaud
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– Fruit length ca
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, ridges angular, areoles without freely ending ridgelets ........................... ....................................................................................
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8BC34F816BF87AFC71008B" bold="true" box="[857,1004,2000,2027]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">V. tenuifolia</emphasis>
(Oliv.) Jongkind &amp; O.Lachenaud
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• 1969;
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J.J.
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FRUIT. Epicarp strigose, smooth when dry. Mesocarp
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thick when dry. Length
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, width
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, thickness 5.0–
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ENDOCARP. Cream, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex slightly asymmetrical, bulged; base subacute, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged, with 4–6 main longitudinal ridges; the median and a lateral ridge reaching the point of the base on each face. Ridges angular and broad, almost rectangular, with a median channel clearly visible, delimiting a reticulate pattern enclosing 20– 24 polygonal longitudinally elongate areoles. The ridges merge with the bulge at the apex. Endocarp primary vascular bundle in a channel on the keel. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding ridges (
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thick including ridges). Endocarp wall with ca 17 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width. Locule surface smooth and lacunate.
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116
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(Engl.) Jongkind &amp; O.Lachenaud
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Fig. 8.10–8.16
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FRUIT. Epicarp strigose, reticulate when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp
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, width 6.3–10.0 mm, thickness 5.0–
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ENDOCARP. Cream, lenticular to globose in transverse section, length ca
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, thickness ca
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. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex slightly asymmetrical; base rounded, slightly asymmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged, with ca 4–5 main longitudinal ridges; the median and occasionally a lateral ridge reaching the point of the base. Ridges sharp and thin, delimiting a reticulate pattern enclosing 20–25 polygonal areoles with freely ending ridgelets. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding ridges (
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thick including ridges). Endocarp primary vascular bundle outside the endocarp wall. Endocarp wall with 9–11 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width. Locule surface smooth, lacunate.
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176
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF8CC34883D9F8A4FBD40049" blockId="20.[491,1097,1807,1872]" box="[491,1097,1807,1834]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="645D81F2FF8CC34883D9F8A4FBD40049" box="[491,1097,1807,1834]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF8CC34883D9F8A4FBD40049" ID-CoL="7Z6R9" authority="(Miers) Jongkind &amp; O. Lachenaud" authorityName="Jongkind &amp; O. Lachenaud" baseAuthorityName="Miers" box="[491,1097,1807,1834]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Vadensea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vogelii">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8CC34883D9F8A4FD29004A" bold="true" box="[491,692,1807,1834]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Vadensea vogelii</emphasis>
(Miers) Jongkind &amp; O.Lachenaud
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF8CC34880F6F89EFCED0030" blockId="20.[491,1097,1807,1872]" box="[708,880,1845,1872]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9.10–9.18</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FF8CC349828FF8D2FCE606F1" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF8CC348828FF8D2FE3700F3" blockId="20.[189,426,1913,1939]" box="[189,426,1913,1939]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="645D81F2FF8CC348828FF8D2FE3700F3" bold="true" box="[189,426,1913,1939]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8CC348828FF8D2FE3700F3" bold="true" box="[189,426,1913,1939]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF8CC34882D8F800FCCA00A5" blockId="20.[189,1241,1963,2028]" box="[234,855,1963,1989]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8CC34882D8F800FCCA00A5" bold="true" box="[234,855,1963,1989]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF8CC348828FF87AFB44008B" blockId="20.[189,1241,1963,2028]" box="[189,1241,2000,2028]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF8CC348828FF87AFB44008B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302383" box="[189,1241,2000,2028]" country="Ivory Coast" location="IVORY COAST" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04495087" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF8CC348828FF87AFEE3008B" box="[189,382,2001,2027]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">IVORY COAST</collectingCountry>
• “Côte d’Ivoire”; 1931;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8CC348809AF87AFC06008B" box="[680,923,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Service forestier 364</emphasis>
; P[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FF8CC34881F3F87AFB55008C" box="[961,1224,2001,2028]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MNHN-P-P04495087</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF8DC34982D8FEA0FE3B0645" blockId="21.[189,1399,267,401]" box="[234,422,267,293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8DC34982D8FEA0FE3B0645" bold="true" box="[234,422,267,293]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF8DC349828FFE84FCE606F1" blockId="21.[189,1399,267,401]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF8DC349828FFE84FA930629" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302448" box="[189,1294,302,330]" collectionCode="P" country="Ivory Coast" location="Service" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF8DC349828FFE84FE180629" box="[189,389,303,329]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">IVORY COAST</collectingCountry>
• “
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF8DC3498387FE84FDFC0629" box="[437,609,303,329]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Côte d’Ivoire</collectingCountry>
”; 1931;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8DC34980E2FE84FC4D0629" box="[720,976,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<location id="3A756045FF8DC34980E2FE84FCBB0629" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FF8CC34983D9F8A4FAEB04AE:3A756045FF8DC34980E2FE84FCBB0629" box="[720,806,303,329]" country="Ivory Coast" name="Service" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Service</location>
forestier 446
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF8DC34981D4FE84FC6B0629" box="[998,1014,303,329]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P04495088]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF8DC3498706FE84FC95060D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302393" collectionCode="W, J, O, P" collectorName="de Wilde" country="Ivory Coast" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04495094" specimenCount="1">
1963;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8DC349828FFEF8FE50060D" box="[189,461,339,365]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
W.J.J.O.
<collectorName id="925F5348FF8DC3498319FEF8FE08060D" box="[299,405,339,365]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">de Wilde</collectorName>
514
</emphasis>
; P[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FF8DC34983C5FEF8FD63060E" box="[503,766,339,366]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">MNHN-P-P04495094</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF8DC349811BFEF8FCE806F1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302301" collectingDate="2000-04-08" collectionCode="C, H, WAG" country="Ivory Coast" county="Cavally River" location="Tabou" municipality="Irputou" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<location id="3A756045FF8DC349811BFEF8FCE8060D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FF8CC34983D9F8A4FAEB04AE:3A756045FF8DC349811BFEF8FCE8060D" box="[809,885,339,365]" country="Ivory Coast" county="Cavally River" municipality="Irputou" name="Tabou" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tabou</location>
, along road via
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FF8DC3498673FEF8FB0A060D" box="[1089,1175,339,365]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Irputou</collectingMunicipality>
to
<collectingCounty id="D6744E12FF8DC34986F4FEF8FAEF060D" box="[1222,1394,339,365]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Cavally River</collectingCounty>
;
<date id="4B14105EFF8DC349828FFEDCFED706F1" box="[189,330,375,401]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2000-04-08">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF8DC349828FFEDCFED706F1" box="[189,330,375,401]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="2000-04-08">8 Apr. 2000</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8DC3498364FEDCFDC306F1" box="[342,606,374,401]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF8DC3498364FEDCFEF106F1" box="[342,364,375,401]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF8DC3498342FEDCFE1B06F1" box="[368,390,375,401]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF8DC34983B8FEDCFE3806F1" box="[394,421,375,401]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
. Jongkind 4975
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF8DC349805EFEDCFD2F06F1" box="[620,690,375,401]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15578" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15578" name="Wageningen University" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Herbarium">WAG</collectionCode>
[
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF8DC349808BFEDDFC9C06F0" box="[697,769,374,400]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15578" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15578" name="Wageningen University" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Herbarium">WAG</collectionCode>
.1463136]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FF8DC349828FFE12FAEB04AE" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF8DC349828FFE12FED306B3" blockId="21.[189,334,441,467]" box="[189,334,441,467]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="645D81F2FF8DC349828FFE12FED306B3" bold="true" box="[189,334,441,467]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8DC349828FFE12FED306B3" bold="true" box="[189,334,441,467]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF8DC349828FFE43FAAD0546" blockId="21.[189,1398,488,550]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
FRUIT. Epicarp puberulent, reticulate-rugose when dry, revealing the underlying rugosities and ridges of the endocarp. Mesocarp thin. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF8DC3498046FDA7FC910546" box="[628,780,524,550]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.77" metricValueMax="2.1399999999999997" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="17.7" valueMax="21.4" valueMin="14.0">14–21.4 mm</quantity>
, width 10.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF8DC3498197FDA7FB930546" box="[933,1038,524,550]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="11.1">11.1 mm</quantity>
, thickness 7.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF8DC34986F0FDA7FAB60546" box="[1218,1323,524,550]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1199999999999999" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="11.2">11.2 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF8DC349828FFDE5FAEB04AE" blockId="21.[189,1399,590,975]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
ENDOCARP. Brown, globose in transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF8DC34981B7FDE5FC6F0508" box="[901,1010,590,616]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="19.4">19.4 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF8DC349865FFDE5FB470508" box="[1133,1242,590,616]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="10.7">10.7 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF8DC349828FFDD9FE8B05EC" box="[189,278,626,652]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
. Sharp keel, sinuous and serrated, surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex acute and asymmetrical; base rounded, slightly asymmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp rugose and ridged. Ridges sharp and diffuse with only a median ridge serrated. Surface covered by ca 70 rugged protuberances, evenly distributed, and by ‘ridges’ that
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF8DC34981ABFD76FB810597" box="[921,1052,733,759]" form="small" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="form">form small</taxonomicName>
, vertically and longitudinally elongate mounds. Endocarp with a symmetrical pair of pores situated at the merging of the apex and the median ridge. Endocarp primary vascular bundle positioned outside the endocarp wall. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF8DC349828FFCE2FEC80403" box="[189,341,841,867]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.235" metricValueMax="4.77" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="423.5" valueMax="477.0" valueMin="370.0">370–477 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges (
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF8DC349804BFCE2FCAD0403" box="[633,816,841,867]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" metricValueMax="1.38" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="1290.0" valueMax="1380.0" valueMin="1200.0">1200–1380 µm</quantity>
including ridges). Endocarp wall with three cell layers: outermost layer with 1–2 rows of isodiametric cells, cells ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF8DC34981E5FCC6FBCD04E7" box="[983,1104,877,903]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="33.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="27.0">27–40 µm</quantity>
in diameter; followed by a layer of 15–21 rows of anticlinally oriented cells, cells ca
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in length; innermost layer with 5–6 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF8DC34980DAFC1EFCCF04AF" box="[744,850,949,975]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="9.0">9–14 µm</quantity>
in width. Locule surface smooth and lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

72
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Genus
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8DC34980A1FC5DFD750370" bold="true" box="[659,744,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Hosiea</emphasis>
Hemsl. &amp; E.H.Wilson
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF8DC34980B2FBB1FC290354" blockId="21.[577,1010,1014,1077]" box="[640,948,1050,1077]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figs 9.19–9.25, 10.1–10.9</paragraph>
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118
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Makino
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•
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FRUIT. Mesocarp ca
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ENDOCARP. Length ca
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. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged with 2–3 main longitudinal ridges; the median ridge reaching the point of the base. Ridges thin and sharp, delimiting a reticulate pattern enclosing 15–18 irregular areoles generally with freely ending ridgelet inside. Vasculature of the endocarp resting on the ridges. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding ridges (
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including ridges). Endocarp wall with three layers: outermost layer with 11–12 rows of anticlinally oriented cells, cells
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83
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Key to the genus
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<keyLead id="845B95ABFF8FC34B828FFE55FAEA0520" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
1. Endocarp ridges acute .........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF8FC34B86B4FE55FAEB0578" ID-CoL="3MQQZ" authority="Makino" authorityName="Makino" authorityYear="1929" box="[1158,1398,510,536]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Hosiea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8FC34B86B4FE55FA890578" bold="true" box="[1158,1300,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. japonica</emphasis>
Makino
</taxonomicName>
– Endocarp ridges rounded ..................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF8FC34B81A0FD8DFAEA0520" ID-CoL="3MQR2" authority="(Oliv.) Hemsl. &amp; E. H. Wilson" authorityName="Hemsl. &amp; E. H. Wilson" baseAuthorityName="Oliv." box="[914,1399,550,577]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Hosiea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF8FC34B81A0FD8DFB850520" bold="true" box="[914,1048,550,576]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">H. sinensis</emphasis>
(Oliv.) Hemsl. &amp; E.H.Wilson
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</key>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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Key to genera of
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s.str.
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<key id="4B3B61AFFF90C355828FFB3DFAEB010B" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<keyLead id="845B95ABFF90C354828FFB3DFAEA03B3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
1. Endocarp wall homogeneous comprised of isodiametric cells ..............................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF90C35486ACFB3DFAEA03D0" ID-CoL="3J4X" authority="Sond." authorityName="Sond." box="[1182,1399,1174,1200]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Cassinopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF90C35486ACFB3DFAB103D0" bold="true" box="[1182,1324,1174,1200]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cassinopsis</emphasis>
Sond.
</taxonomicName>
– Endocarp wall not homogeneous or cells not exclusively isodiametric ........................................... 2
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF90C354828FFB52FAEA0256" blockId="8.[189,1399,1273,1334]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF90C354828FFB52FAEA0256" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF90C354828FFB52FAEA0256" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2. Hairs present on the locule surface ................................................................................................... 3 – Hairs absent from the locule surface ................................................................................................ 4</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF90C354828FFAF7FAEA02F9" blockId="8.[189,1399,1372,1433]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF90C354828FFAF7FAEA02F9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF90C354828FFAF7FAEA02F9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
3. Endocarp width ca
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, endocarp wall more than
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF90C354816BFAF7FC290217" box="[857,948,1372,1399]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="700.0">700 µm</quantity>
thick ........................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF90C3548687FAF7FAEB0216" ID-CoL="7P736" authority="Pierre" authorityName="Pierre" authorityYear="1892" box="[1205,1398,1372,1398]" class="Gastropoda" family="Paludomidae" genus="Lavigeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Icacinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF90C3548687FAF7FAB40216" bold="true" box="[1205,1321,1372,1398]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Lavigeria</emphasis>
Pierre
</taxonomicName>
– Endocarp width ca
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, endocarp wall less than
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF90C354817AFAD4FC3902F9" box="[840,932,1407,1433]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="400.0">400 µm</quantity>
thick ................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF90C35486D0FAD5FAEA02F9" ID-CoL="5DK2" authority="Vell." authorityName="Vell." box="[1250,1399,1406,1433]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Leretia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF90C35486D0FAD5FAA502F8" bold="true" box="[1250,1336,1406,1432]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Leretia</emphasis>
Vell.
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF90C354828FFA14FAEA029C" blockId="8.[189,1399,1471,1532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF90C354828FFA14FAEA029C" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF90C354828FFA14FAEA029C" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4. Locule surface papillate .................................................................................................................... 5 – Locule surface not papillate .............................................................................................................. 6</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF90C354828FF989FAEA013F" blockId="8.[189,1399,1570,1631]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF90C354828FF989FAEA013F" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF90C354828FF989FAEA013F" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5. Outer endocarp surface pitted ........................................................................................................... 7 – Outer endocarp surface not pitted ..................................................................................................... 8</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF90C354828FF92EFAEA01A2" blockId="8.[189,1399,1669,1730]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF90C354828FF92EFAEA01A2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF90C354828FF92EFAEA01A2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
6. Hairs-like unit present on the endocarp surface .................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF90C35486BAF92EFAEA01FF" ID-CoL="63NW4" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill." box="[1160,1399,1669,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pleurisanthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF90C35486BAF92EFAB301C0" bold="true" box="[1160,1326,1669,1696]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pleurisanthes</emphasis>
Baill.
</taxonomicName>
– Hairs-like unit absent from the endocarp surface ............................................................................. 9
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF90C354828FF942FAEA0045" blockId="8.[189,1399,1768,1829]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF90C354828FF942FAEA0045" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF90C354828FF942FAEA0045" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
7. Tubercles bullate .......................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF90C3548683F943FAEA0062" ID-CoL="5TJZ" authority="Meisn." authorityName="Meisn." box="[1201,1399,1768,1795]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Miquelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF90C3548683F943FA830063" bold="true" box="[1201,1310,1768,1795]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Miquelia</emphasis>
Meisn.
</taxonomicName>
– Tubercles spiny, cylindrical, peg-shaped or elongate-flattened ........................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF90C354864FF8A1FAEA0045" ID-CoL="63R7C" authority="Hook." authorityName="Hook." box="[1149,1399,1802,1829]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF90C354864FF8A1FABB0045" bold="true" box="[1149,1318,1802,1829]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pyrenacantha</emphasis>
Hook.
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF90C354828FF8E7FAEB00E8" blockId="8.[189,1398,1867,1928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF90C354828FF8E7FAEB00E8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF90C354828FF8E7FAEB00E8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
8. Endocarp primary vascular bundle embedded within endocarp wall .............................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF90C35486D2F8E0FAEB0005" ID-CoL="54PW" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1825" box="[1248,1398,1867,1894]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF90C35486D2F8E0FABC0006" bold="true" box="[1248,1313,1867,1894]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Iodes</emphasis>
Blume
</taxonomicName>
– Endocarp primary vascular bundle outside endocarp wall or in a channel .................................... 10
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF90C355828FF804FAEB0629" blockId="8.[189,1398,1966,2027]" lastBlockId="9.[189,1398,267,329]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF90C355828FF804FAEB0629" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF90C355828FF804FAEB0629" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
9. Outer endocarp surface pitted ..........................................................................................................11 – Outer endocarp surface not pitted ................................................................................................... 12 10. Outer endocarp surface completely smooth ...................................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF91C35586D2FEA0FAEB0645" ID-CoL="54PW" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1825" box="[1248,1398,267,294]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF91C35586D2FEA0FABC0646" bold="true" box="[1248,1313,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Iodes</emphasis>
Blume
</taxonomicName>
– Outer endocarp surface ridged or rugose, irregular ........................................................................ 13
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF91C355828FFEDBFAEB06CE" blockId="9.[189,1399,368,430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF91C355828FFEDBFAEB06CE" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF91C355828FFEDBFAEB06CE" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
11. Pits within shallow mounds slightly protruding inside the locule ..........................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF91C355869AFEDBFAEA06EA" ID-CoL="6Q43" authority="Wall." authorityName="Wall." box="[1192,1399,368,395]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Phytocrene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF91C355869AFEDBFAAC06EB" bold="true" box="[1192,1329,368,395]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phytocrene</emphasis>
Wall.
</taxonomicName>
– Pits within tubercles protruding inside the locule ........................................................................... 14
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF91C355828FFE7EFAEB0573" blockId="9.[189,1399,469,531]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF91C355828FFE7EFAEB0573" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF91C355828FFE7EFAEB0573" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
12. Endocarp thickness&gt;
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF91C35583D8FE7EFDA1068F" box="[490,572,469,495]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
.....................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF91C355868DFE7EFAEA068F" ID-CoL="53BK" authority="A. Juss." authorityName="A. Juss." box="[1215,1399,469,495]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Icacina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF91C355868DFE7EFA87068F" bold="true" box="[1215,1306,469,495]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Icacina</emphasis>
A.Juss.
</taxonomicName>
– Endocarp thickness &lt;
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.......................................................................................................... 15
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF91C355828FFD91FAEB0517" blockId="9.[189,1399,569,632]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF91C355828FFD91FAEB0517" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF91C355828FFD91FAEB0517" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
13. Endocarp length ca
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..................................................................
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF91C355862AFD92FBF00533" bold="true" box="[1048,1133,569,595]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hosiea</emphasis>
Hemsl. &amp; E.H.Wilson
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– Endocarp length&gt;
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............................................................................................................... 16
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14. Tubercles bullate .................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF91C35586BEFD35FAEA05D8" ID-CoL="7LSP" authority="Engl." authorityName="Engl." box="[1164,1399,670,697]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Stachyanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF91C35586BEFD35FAAC05D9" bold="true" box="[1164,1329,670,697]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Stachyanthus</emphasis>
Engl.
</taxonomicName>
– Tubercles spiny, cylindrical, peg-shaped or elongate-flattened ........................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF91C355864FFD6AFAEA05BB" ID-CoL="63R7C" authority="Hook." authorityName="Hook." box="[1149,1399,705,732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF91C355864FFD6AFABB05BC" bold="true" box="[1149,1318,705,732]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pyrenacantha</emphasis>
Hook.
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF91C355828FFCA8FAEB0420" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF91C355828FFCA8FAEB0420" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">15. Endocarp ridged and reticulate ....................................................................................................... 17 – Endocarp rugose, irregular .............................................................................................................. 18</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF91C355828FFCC3FAEB04A8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF91C355828FFCC3FAEB04A8" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
16. Endocarp almost smooth, irregularly rugose but without clear protuberant structures ...................... ..................................................................................................................
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF91C355860AFC20FB5304C5" bold="true" box="[1080,1230,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Sarcostigma</emphasis>
Wight &amp; Arn.
</taxonomicName>
– Endocarp rugose with clear protuberant structures or ridged ......................................................... 19
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF91C355828FFC5BFAEB034D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF91C355828FFC5BFAEB034D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
17. Endocarp oblong ....................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF91C355861FFC44FAEA036A" ID-CoL="SXM" authority="Oliv. in Benth." authorityName="Oliv. in Benth." box="[1069,1399,1007,1034]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Alsodeiopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF91C355861FFC44FB5E036A" bold="true" box="[1069,1219,1007,1034]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Alsodeiopsis</emphasis>
Oliv. in Benth.
</taxonomicName>
– Endocarp elliptical .......................................................................................................................... 20
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</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF91C355828FFBFFFAEA03F2" blockId="9.[189,1399,1108,1170]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF91C355828FFBFFFAEA03F2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF91C355828FFBFFFAEA03F2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
18. Endocarp apex with prominent bulge or pores ............................................................................... 21 – Endocarp apex without ornamentation ..........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF91C35586E5FBDCFAEA03F2" ID-CoL="5L4G" authority="Jacq." authorityName="Jacq." box="[1239,1399,1143,1170]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Mappia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF91C35586E5FBDCFAA903F1" bold="true" box="[1239,1332,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mappia</emphasis>
Jacq.
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF91C355828FFB12FAEA0397" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF91C355828FFB12FAEA0397" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
19. Endocarp rugose, irregular .......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF91C3558607FB13FABB03B3" authority="Hand." authorityName="Hand." box="[1077,1318,1208,1235]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Mappianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF91C3558607FB13FB4B03B3" bold="true" box="[1077,1238,1208,1235]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mappianthus</emphasis>
Hand.
</taxonomicName>
-Mazz. – Endocarp ridged with a reticulate or diffuse ornamentation ................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF91C35586A3FB77FAEA0397" authority="Becc." authorityName="Becc." box="[1169,1399,1244,1271]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Rhyticaryum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF91C35586A3FB77FAB00397" bold="true" box="[1169,1325,1244,1271]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rhyticaryum</emphasis>
Becc.
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<keyLead id="845B95ABFF91C355828FFAB5FAEA023B" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
20. Endocarp length ca
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, 4–5 areoles formed by ridges on each face .............................................. ...........................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF91C3558637FAEAFB4D023B" ID-CoL="63DXC" authority="Buch." authorityName="Buch." box="[1029,1232,1345,1371]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Natsiatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF91C3558637FAEAFB1E023B" bold="true" box="[1029,1155,1345,1371]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Natsiatum</emphasis>
Buch.
</taxonomicName>
-Ham. ex Arn.
</keyLead>
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– Endocarp length&gt;
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, 20–30 areoles formed by ridges on each face .......................................... ....................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF91C35581FDFA2CFAEA02C1" ID-CoL="7Q62R" authority="Jongkind &amp; O. Lachenaud" authorityName="Jongkind &amp; O. Lachenaud" box="[975,1399,1415,1442]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Vadensea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF91C35581FDFA2CFBDC02C2" bold="true" box="[975,1089,1415,1442]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Vadensea</emphasis>
Jongkind &amp; O.Lachenaud
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<keyLead id="845B95ABFF91C355828FFA62FAEB0166" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
21. Endocarp with subapical pores ..................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF91C35581FDFA63FAEA0283" ID-CoL="7Q62R" authority="Jongkind &amp; O. Lachenaud" authorityName="Jongkind &amp; O. Lachenaud" box="[975,1399,1480,1507]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Vadensea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF91C35581FDFA63FBDC0283" bold="true" box="[975,1089,1480,1507]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Vadensea</emphasis>
Jongkind &amp; O.Lachenaud
</taxonomicName>
– Endocarp with apical bulge ............................................................................................................ 22
</keyLead>
</keyStep>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF91C355828FF985FAEB010B" blockId="9.[189,1398,1581,1643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyStep id="845E2E3BFF91C355828FF985FAEB010B" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFF91C355828FF985FAEB010B" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
22. Ornamentation bullate, occuring in
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF91C35580BEF985FC870128" box="[652,794,1582,1608]" name="Madagascar" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
.............................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF91C35581CCF986FAEB0128" ID-CoL="43Q8" authority="Planch. ex Miers" authorityName="Miers" box="[1022,1398,1581,1608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Desmostachys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF91C35581CCF986FB340128" bold="true" box="[1022,1193,1581,1608]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Desmostachys</emphasis>
Planch. ex Miers
</taxonomicName>
– Ornamentation more granular, occuring in Asia ...............................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF91C355864EF9FBFAEB010B" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" box="[1148,1398,1616,1643]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Stemonuraceae" genus="Nothapodytes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Aquifoliales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF91C355864EF9FBFABC010B" bold="true" box="[1148,1313,1616,1643]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nothapodytes</emphasis>
Blume
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Genus
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF91C35580ACF939FCA901CD" bold="true" box="[670,820,1682,1709]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Alsodeiopsis</emphasis>
Oliv. in Benth.
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<figureCitation id="A7912A1BFF91C35580F0F91DFC9001AF" box="[706,781,1717,1744]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,232,1473,1499]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[286,1302,265,1960]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 6. Fruits of Icacinaceae Miers. 1–9. Alsodeiopsis mannii Oliv. (N. Hallé &amp; J.F. Villiers 4579). 1. Dried fruit, lateral view. 2–6. Endocarp. 2. Lateral view showing a reticulate pattern of ridges. 3. Dorsal view showing a keel surrounding the endocarp. 4. Opposite lateral view. 5. Apical view. 6. Basal view. 7. SEM image of seed and pericarp in transverse section. 8. Detail of the same section showing the mesocarp on the top and the endocarp wall at the bottom. 9. SEM image of the vascular bundle in a channel (arrow). – 10–18. Alsodeiopsis poggei Engl. (P. Sita 1872). 10. Dried fruit, lateral view. 11–15. Endocarp. 11. Lateral view showing a reticulate pattern of ridges. 12. Dorsal view showing a keel surrounding the endocarp. 13. Opposite lateral view. 14. Apical view. 15. Basal view. 16. SEM image of simple the hairs on the epicarp surface. 17. SEM image of the endocarp wall in transverse section. 18. SEM image of the vascular bundle in a channel (arrow). – 19–27. Alsodeiopsis staudtii Engl. (J.J.F.E. de Wilde 8304). 19. Dried fruit, lateral view. 20–25. Endocarp. 20. Lateral view showing a reticulate pattern of ridges. 21. Dorsal view showing a keel surrounding the endocarp. 22. Opposite lateral view. 23. Apical view. 24. Basal view. 25. Lateral view showing the vascularisation on the ridges. 26. SEM image of the pericarp in transverse section with a vascular bundle (arrow). 27. SEM image of the simple hairs on the epicarp surface. Images taken from Del Rio (2018). Scale bars: 1–6, 10–15, 19–24 = 10 mm; 7, 25 = 1 mm; 9, 18, 26 = 500 μm; 8, 16–17, 27 = 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3829663" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3829663/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 6</figureCitation>
, 7.1–7.9
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF91C355828FF95CFED30071" blockId="9.[189,334,1783,1809]" box="[189,334,1783,1809]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF91C355828FF95CFED30071" bold="true" box="[189,334,1783,1809]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF91C355828FF88DFB9900E6" blockId="9.[189,1399,1830,1926]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FRUIT. Oblong to slightly elliptical, asymmetrical at the apex, laterally compressed, red when mature. Epicarp strigose with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation, more or less shriveled when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges; calyx persistent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF91C356828FF805FB9606AC" blockId="9.[189,1399,1966,2027]" lastBlockId="10.[189,1399,267,460]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">ENDOCARP. Cream to brown, oblong in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex asymmetrical in lateral view; base rounded and symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged, with a reticulate pattern of thin rounded to angular ridges. Ridges delimit irregular, small to expansive areoles with simple or arbuscular freely ending ridgelets. Vasculature of the endocarp follows the reticulum. Endocarp primary vascular bundle outside the endocarp wall or in a channel on the keel. Endocarp wall forming two or three layers, each with at least one row of periclinally oriented cells; locule surface smooth, often clearly lacunate.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

215
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<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF92C356804DFC06FC2904A7" ID-CoL="5TYGX" authority="Oliv." authorityName="Oliv." box="[639,948,941,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Alsodeiopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mannii">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF92C356804DFC06FCEE04A7" bold="true" box="[639,883,941,968]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Alsodeiopsis mannii</emphasis>
Oliv.
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF92C35680E1FC7CFCFD0491" blockId="10.[639,948,941,1009]" box="[723,864,983,1009]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 6.1–6.9</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF92C356828FFBB4FE370359" bold="true" box="[189,426,1055,1081]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF92C35682D8FBF8FCFF030E" bold="true" box="[234,866,1107,1134]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Specimens used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF92C356828FFBD6FBEA03A1" blockId="10.[189,1399,1107,1218]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF92C356828FFBD6FEFA03A1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302490" collectingDate="1968-01-19" collectionCode="N, J, F, P" country="Gabon" location="Monts de Cristal" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF92C356828FFBD6FEB803F7" box="[189,293,1149,1175]" name="Gabon" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">GABON</collectingCountry>
• “
<location id="3A756045FF92C3568374FBD6FD9103F7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FF92C356804DFC06FDDD008B:3A756045FF92C3568374FBD6FD9103F7" box="[326,524,1149,1175]" country="Gabon" name="Monts de Cristal" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Monts de Cristal</location>
, route de Kinguélé”;
<date id="4B14105EFF92C3568133FBD6FC0A03F7" box="[769,919,1149,1176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1968-01-19">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF92C3568133FBD6FC0A03F7" box="[769,919,1149,1176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1968-01-19">19 Jan. 1968</collectingDate>
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;
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. Hallé &amp;
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.
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. Villiers 4579
</emphasis>
;
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[MNHN- P-P04504542]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF92C356834DFB0CFBEC03A1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302408" box="[383,1137,1190,1218]" collectingDate="1961-02-20" collectionCode="N, P" country="Gabon" location="Belinga" municipality="Belinga" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04504541" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FF92C356834DFB0CFE4303A1" box="[383,478,1191,1217]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bélinga</collectingMunicipality>
;
<date id="4B14105EFF92C35683D8FB0CFD1A03A1" box="[490,647,1191,1217]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1961-02-20">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF92C35683D8FB0CFD1A03A1" box="[490,647,1191,1217]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1961-02-20">20 Feb. 1961</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF92C35680A6FB03FCA403A1" box="[660,825,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">N. Hallé 1269</emphasis>
; P[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FF92C356816DFB0CFBFB03A2" box="[863,1126,1191,1218]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MNHN-P-P04504541</specimenCode>
]
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.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF92C35682D8FB44FE3B0269" bold="true" box="[234,422,1263,1289]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF92C356828FFAB2FD7702D0" blockId="10.[189,1399,1263,1456]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF92C356828FFAB2FC85023C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302441" collectingDate="1981-07-18" collectionCode="A, P" country="Gabon" county="Ogoue-Ivindo" elevation="480" location="Makokou on Riviere l'Ivindo" municipality="M'Passa Field Station" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF92C356828FFAB2FEB80253" box="[189,293,1305,1331]" name="Gabon" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">GABON</collectingCountry>
•
<collectingCounty id="D6744E12FF92C356830CFAB3FE7B0252" box="[318,486,1304,1330]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ogoué-Ivindo</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FF92C35683C3FAB2FD6A0252" box="[497,759,1304,1331]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">M’Passa Field Station</collectingMunicipality>
, near
<location id="3A756045FF92C356810EFAB3FB0A0252" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FF92C356804DFC06FDDD008B:3A756045FF92C356810EFAB3FB0A0252" box="[828,1175,1304,1331]" country="Gabon" county="Ogoue-Ivindo" municipality="M'Passa Field Station" name="Makokou on Riviere l'Ivindo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Makokou on Riviere l’Ivindo</location>
; alt.
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<elevation id="B487D1ADFF92C35686FDFAB2FA810253" box="[1231,1308,1305,1331]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="480.0">480 m</elevation>
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;
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<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF92C356871AFAB2FF66023C" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1981-07-18">18 Jul. 1981</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF92C356833FFAE9FEBF023C" box="[269,290,1346,1372]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Gentry 33411
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF92C35683C2FAE8FD9D023D" box="[496,512,1347,1373]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P04495966]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF92C356810FFAE9FC0602E6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302461" collectingDate="2000-08-15" collectionCode="F, J, P" country="Gabon" latitude="-0.75" location="Bambidie" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="13.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ogooue-Lolo">
<collectingRegion id="FD6EF87CFF92C356810FFAE9FC43023C" box="[829,990,1346,1372]" country="Gabon" name="Ogooue-Lolo" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ogooué-Lolo</collectingRegion>
,
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; ca
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,
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;
<date id="4B14105EFF92C356828FFAC0FEFA02E6" box="[189,359,1387,1414]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2000-08-15">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF92C356828FFAC0FEFA02E6" box="[189,359,1387,1414]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2000-08-15">15 Aug. 2000</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF92C3568345FAC7FDFD02E5" box="[375,608,1387,1414]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF92C3568345FAC7FE1602E5" box="[375,395,1388,1413]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF92C35683BCFAC7FE0002E5" box="[398,413,1388,1413]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Breteler 15615
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF92C3568041FAC7FD1E02E6" box="[627,643,1388,1414]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P01068095]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF92C3568189FAC7FD7902D0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302452" collectingDate="1963-06-11" collectionCode="C, E, F, A, N, P" country="Gabon" location="Abanga" municipality="Abanga" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04504543" specimenCount="1">
“
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FF92C35681F7FAC7FBBE02E6" box="[965,1059,1388,1414]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Abanga</collectingMunicipality>
chantier C.E.F.A.”;
<date id="4B14105EFF92C356872DFAC7FF6602CF" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1963-06-11">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF92C356872DFAC7FF6602CF" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1963-06-11">11 Jun. 1963</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF92C3568335FA3DFE3002CF" box="[263,429,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">N. Hallé 2442</emphasis>
; P[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FF92C35683E1FA3DFD4402D0" box="[467,729,1429,1456]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MNHN-P-P04504543</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FF92C356828FFA76FDDD008B" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF92C356828FFA76FED30297" blockId="10.[189,334,1501,1527]" box="[189,334,1501,1527]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="645D81F2FF92C356828FFA76FED30297" bold="true" box="[189,334,1501,1527]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF92C356828FFA76FED30297" bold="true" box="[189,334,1501,1527]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF92C356828FF9B8FB390136" blockId="10.[189,1398,1554,1623]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
FRUIT. Oblong, shriveled when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp ca
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thick when dry. Length
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, width
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, thickness
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ENDOCARP. Brown, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged, with 4–6 main ridges longitudinally, two of them reaching the point of the base on each face. Ridges rounded and thick, delimiting a reticulate pattern, faintly apparent, enclosing ca 40 small areoles with simple freely ending ridgelets. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding ridges (
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thick including ridges). Endocarp primary vascular bundle outside the endocarp wall. Endocarp wall with three cell layers: outermost layer with 2–3 rows of isodiametric to periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width, followed by a layer of 6–7 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width. Innermost row contains small, periclinally oriented cells, cells ca
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in width. Locule surface smooth.
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111
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Key to the genus
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1. Endocarp brown with thick ridges .............................................................................
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– Endocarp cream with thin ridges ...................................................................................................... 2
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2. Endocarp primary vascular bundle outside the endocarp wall, base rounded .................................... ...................................................................................................................................
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– Endocarp primary vascular bundle in a channel on the keel, base flattened .................................... 3
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3. Endocarp wall ca
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221
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF93C35780B2FEA0FCF00645" bold="true" box="[640,877,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Alsodeiopsis poggei</emphasis>
Engl.
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF93C35780F6FE9AFCED062B" blockId="11.[640,948,267,331]" box="[708,880,305,331]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6.10–6.18</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FF93C357828FFEDEFEF3040D" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF93C357828FFEDEFE3706EF" blockId="11.[189,426,373,399]" box="[189,426,373,399]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="645D81F2FF93C357828FFEDEFE3706EF" bold="true" box="[189,426,373,399]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF93C357828FFEDEFE3706EF" bold="true" box="[189,426,373,399]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF93C35782D8FE0DFCCA06A0" blockId="11.[189,1399,422,524]" box="[234,855,422,448]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF93C35782D8FE0DFCCA06A0" bold="true" box="[234,855,422,448]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF93C357828FFE60FEF3056B" blockId="11.[189,1399,422,524]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF93C357828FFE60FEF5056B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302303" collectingDate="1969-10-24" collectionCode="P" country="Republic of the Congo" location="Plateau des Cataractes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF93C357828FFE60FDAB0685" box="[189,566,459,486]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
REPUBLIC OF THE
<collectingRegion id="FD6EF87CFF93C35783FCFE60FDAB0685" box="[462,566,459,485]" country="Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">CONGO</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
• “
<location id="3A756045FF93C3578051FE60FCE00685" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FF93C35780B2FEA0FB8C0217:3A756045FF93C3578051FE60FCE00685" box="[611,893,459,485]" country="Republic of the Congo" name="Plateau des Cataractes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Plateau des Cataractes</location>
”;
<date id="4B14105EFF93C35781A5FE60FBA00685" box="[919,1085,459,485]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1969-10-24">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF93C35781A5FE60FBA00685" box="[919,1085,459,485]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1969-10-24">24 Oct. 1969</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF93C357867CFE67FB780685" box="[1102,1253,459,486]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF93C357867CFE67FBFD0685" box="[1102,1120,460,485]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
. Sita 1872
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF93C35786CBFE67FA940686" box="[1273,1289,460,486]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN- P-P04495916]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF93C35782D8FD9EFE3B052F" blockId="11.[189,1398,565,704]" box="[234,422,565,591]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF93C35782D8FD9EFE3B052F" bold="true" box="[234,422,565,591]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF93C357828FFDF1FB3505A0" blockId="11.[189,1398,565,704]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF93C357828FFDF1FC7D05FA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302449" collectingDate="1986-03-11" collectionCode="M, P" country="Cameroon" location="Sud-Ouest" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South-West">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF93C357828FFDF1FEF80514" box="[189,357,602,628]" name="Cameroon" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
• “Colline Nssas dans le village Pan-Pan à
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF93C357817DFDF1FC0A0514" box="[847,919,602,629]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
au Sud,
<collectingRegion id="FD6EF87CFF93C35781C5FDF1FBEE0514" box="[1015,1139,602,628]" country="Cameroon" name="South-West" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sud-Ouest</collectingRegion>
de Matomb, Matomb- Botmakak”;
<date id="4B14105EFF93C3578366FD2BFE6505FA" box="[340,504,640,666]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1986-03-11">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF93C3578366FD2BFE6505FA" box="[340,504,640,666]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1986-03-11">11 Mar. 1986</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF93C3578034FD2AFD3A05FA" box="[518,679,640,666]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF93C3578034FD2AFDBF05FA" box="[518,546,641,666]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Ekitiké 48
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF93C357808BFD2BFD5405FA" box="[697,713,640,666]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P04495907]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF93C35781CFFD2BFB3C05A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302325" collectingDate="1962-03-07" collectionCode="N, R, P" country="Cameroon" location="Fres de Mendong" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1">
“Akonolinga,
<location id="3A756045FF93C3578697FD2BFAEB05FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FF93C35780B2FEA0FB8C0217:3A756045FF93C3578697FD2BFAEB05FA" box="[1189,1398,640,666]" country="Cameroon" name="Fres de Mendong" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Frès de Mendong</location>
(
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF93C35782F4FD0EFE8D05DF" box="[198,272,677,704]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF93C357832AFD0DFEAC05A0" box="[280,305,678,704]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
. d'Akonolinga)”;
<date id="4B14105EFF93C3578033FD0DFD0E05DF" box="[513,659,677,704]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1962-03-07">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF93C3578033FD0DFD0E05DF" box="[513,659,677,704]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1962-03-07">7 Mar. 1962</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF93C35780ADFD0DFCF705DF" box="[671,874,677,703]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF93C35780ADFD0DFD2905DF" box="[671,692,678,703]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R</collectionCode>
. Letouzey 4485
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF93C357814BFD0DFC1405A0" box="[889,905,678,704]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P04495897]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF93C357828FFD42FB280464" blockId="11.[189,1205,745,772]" box="[189,1205,745,772]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF93C357828FFD42FB330464" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302433" box="[189,1198,745,772]" collectingDate="1971-12-09" collectionCode="A, P" country="Gabon" location="GABON" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF93C357828FFD42FEB80463" box="[189,293,745,771]" name="Gabon" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">GABON</collectingCountry>
• “
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF93C357837BFD42FEF70463" box="[329,362,745,771]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ile</collectingCountry>
de l’éléphant”;
<date id="4B14105EFF93C3578014FD42FD250463" box="[550,696,745,772]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1971-12-09">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF93C3578014FD42FD250463" box="[550,696,745,772]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1971-12-09">9 Dec. 1971</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF93C35780F6FD41FCEA0463" box="[708,887,745,772]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF93C35780F6FD41FD440464" box="[708,729,746,772]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Hladik 1859
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF93C35781B4FD41FC0B0464" box="[902,918,746,772]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P04495893]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF93C357828FFC86FEF3040D" blockId="11.[189,1399,811,877]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF93C357828FFC86FEF5040D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302307" collectingDate="1965-08-23" collectionCode="C, P" country="Republic of the Congo" latitude="-3.8833332" location="Bouenza" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="13.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF93C357828FFC86FDB90427" box="[189,548,813,840]" name="Republic of the Congo" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO</collectingCountry>
•
<location id="3A756045FF93C357800EFC85FD3B0428" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FF93C35780B2FEA0FB8C0217:3A756045FF93C357800EFC85FD3B0428" box="[572,678,814,840]" country="Republic of the Congo" latitude="-3.8833332" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="13.7" name="Bouenza" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bouenza</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="5A9E5059FF93C3578083FC80FC950427" box="[689,776,811,839]" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="53" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="-3.8833332">3°53′ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5A9E5059FF93C3578126FC80FCE10428" box="[788,892,811,840]" degrees="13" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="13.7">13°42′ E</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="4B14105EFF93C35781BAFC86FBB40428" box="[904,1065,813,840]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1965-08-23">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF93C35781BAFC86FBB40428" box="[904,1065,813,840]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1965-08-23">23 Aug. 1965</collectingDate>
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;
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. Farron 4577
</emphasis>
;
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[MNHN- P-P04495914]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FF93C357828FFC3DFB8C0217" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<heading id="645D81F2FF93C357828FFC3DFED304D0" bold="true" box="[189,334,918,944]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF93C357828FFC3DFED304D0" bold="true" box="[189,334,918,944]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF93C357828FFC63FDD80367" blockId="11.[189,1399,967,1032]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
FRUIT. Oblong, smooth when dry. Mesocarp ca
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thick when dry. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF93C35786AEFC6CFABE0482" box="[1180,1315,967,994]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="10.0">10–19 mm</quantity>
, width
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, thickness 4.0–
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.
</paragraph>
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ENDOCARP. Cream, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged, with ca three main longitudinal ridges (with other small longitudinal ridges); the median ridge reaching the point of the base. Ridges rounded-angular and thin, delimiting a reticulate pattern, enclosing ca 20–60 small areoles with arbuscular freely ending ridgelets. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF93C357828FFB6CFEC80382" box="[189,341,1223,1250]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.455" metricValueMax="1.56" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="145.5" valueMax="156.0" valueMin="135.0">135–156 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges (
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thick including ridges). Endocarp primary vascular bundle in a channel on the keel. Endocarp wall with three cell layers: outermost layer with 1–2 rows of isodiametric to periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF93C3578113FAB9FC54024D" box="[801,969,1298,1325]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.82" metricValueMax="2.41" metricValueMin="1.23" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="18.2" valueMax="24.1" valueMin="12.3">12.3–24.1 µm</quantity>
in width, followed by a layer with 8–12 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF93C35780EAFA93FCDF0232" box="[728,834,1336,1362]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="9.0">9–23 µm</quantity>
in width. Innermost row with small periclinally oriented cells, cells ca
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in width and inflated into the locule surface.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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301
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<mods:part id="1F3C2B7C33A27E27BCF864AE12B87C9E">
<mods:date id="5446BE58B2A9BB29BF8BD35D6F0E8122">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="DF547EE1A7C7E0A598AE2EAFCE55419D" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="D07358A05F5D4644C842645B3215FE3B">2020-05-14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="8F6346BEA262CA00A6EA2FB43E73F770" type="volume">
<mods:number id="4C755CA706A0E1861552DB5183C0DD9C">645</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="0B73A87D1E1827CC7A219F0C2AB43A7B" unit="page">
<mods:start id="20C182DC1FFBFB16E18FA3E1A9591BD4">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F8500DB8D6B23819C4C089A12BDA0317">130</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="A5215A4AB7F45EF1DA5D2490C9B521DB">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="0771EC570CE3771A54FE0B5975073775" type="CLB-Dataset">22093</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4ECB175BF99ED79B1F6577F5CEE7F812" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2020.645</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3C8E004104DF9119F9ABF065B117C20A" type="GBIF-Dataset">1cd473d9-9d96-438f-bab4-29c5e56f82b8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D2B7E4C97977978DD5BE26614A798A59" type="Zenodo-Dep">3829651</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="B7038788FF95C3518049FEA0FD6102E3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3848681" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164160329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3848681" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FF95C3518049FEA0FD6102E3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B7038788FF95C3518049FEA0FD6102E3" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="77B06515FF95C3518049FEA0FCF2062A" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF95C3518049FEA0FC240645" blockId="13.[635,953,267,330]" box="[635,953,267,294]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="645D81F2FF95C3518049FEA0FC240645" box="[635,953,267,294]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF95C3518049FEA0FC240645" ID-CoL="C7WM" authority="Engl." authorityName="Engl." box="[635,953,267,294]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Alsodeiopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="staudtii">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF95C3518049FEA0FCEF0646" bold="true" box="[635,882,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Alsodeiopsis staudtii</emphasis>
Engl.
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF95C35180F6FE9BFCF2062A" blockId="13.[635,953,267,330]" box="[708,879,304,330]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 6.19–6.27</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FF95C351828FFED9FEF304B1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF95C351828FFED9FE3706EC" blockId="13.[189,426,370,396]" box="[189,426,370,396]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="645D81F2FF95C351828FFED9FE3706EC" bold="true" box="[189,426,370,396]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF95C351828FFED9FE3706EC" bold="true" box="[189,426,370,396]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF95C35182D8FE09FCFF06DC" blockId="13.[189,1399,418,590]" box="[234,866,418,444]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF95C35182D8FE09FCFF06DC" bold="true" box="[234,866,418,444]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Specimens used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF95C351828FFE6DFCD2052E" blockId="13.[189,1399,418,590]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF95C351828FFE6DFB990549" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302379" collectingDate="1975-06-21" collectionCode="S, J, F, E, BR" collectorName="de Wilde" country="Cameroon" county="Niete River" latitude="2.7" location="Kribi" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="10.05" municipality="Rouillon" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCode="BR0000021246852" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF95C351828FFE6DFEF80680" box="[189,357,454,480]" name="Cameroon" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
•
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF95C35183B6FE6DFE4C0680" box="[388,465,454,480]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
on the road from
<location id="3A756045FF95C3518086FE6DFD6F0680" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FF95C3518049FEA0FD6102E3:3A756045FF95C3518086FE6DFD6F0680" box="[692,754,454,480]" country="Cameroon" county="Niete River" latitude="2.7" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="10.05" municipality="Rouillon" name="Kribi" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kribi</location>
to
<location id="3A756045FF95C351812FFE6DFC150680" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FF95C3518049FEA0FD6102E3:3A756045FF95C351812FFE6DFC150680" box="[797,904,454,480]" country="Cameroon" county="Niete River" latitude="2.7" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="10.05" municipality="Rouillon" name="Ebolowa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ebolowa</location>
, than turning right on forest exploitation
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FF95C351828FFE41FEBA0564" box="[189,295,490,516]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rouillon</collectingMunicipality>
, exploitation track followed in about
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C35180E1FE40FD7E0565" box="[723,739,491,517]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
direction for
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF95C351814DFE40FC540564" box="[895,969,490,517]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="km" value="24.0">24 km</quantity>
, on bank of the
<collectingCounty id="D6744E12FF95C351864FFE41FA940564" box="[1149,1289,490,516]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nièté River</collectingCounty>
.;
<geoCoordinate id="5A9E5059FF95C3518724FE42FAEF0565" box="[1302,1394,489,517]" degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="2.7">2°42′ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5A9E5059FF95C351828FFDA6FE840549" box="[189,281,525,553]" degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="10.05">10°3′ E</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="4B14105EFF95C3518314FDA4FE26054A" box="[294,443,527,554]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1975-06-21">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF95C3518314FDA4FE26054A" box="[294,443,527,554]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1975-06-21">21 Jun 1975</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF95C35183FAFDBBFD4E0549" box="[456,723,527,553]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C35183FAFDBBFE450549" box="[456,472,528,553]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C35183EEFDBBFE710549" box="[476,492,528,553]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C35183C2FDBBFD980549" box="[496,517,528,553]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C351803AFDBBFD810549" box="[520,540,528,553]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="925F5348FF95C351801AFDA4FD120549" box="[552,655,527,553]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">de Wilde</collectorName>
8304
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C35180D1FDA4FC900549" box="[739,781,527,553]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BR</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FF95C3518126FDA4FC67054A" box="[788,1018,527,554]" collectionCode="BR" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">BR0000021246852</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF95C351862CFDA4FCD4052E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302401" collectingDate="1967-11-22" collectionCode="H, P" collectorName="Jacques-Felix" country="Cameroon" location="Lolodorf" municipality="Mt. Minn" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1">
<location id="3A756045FF95C351862CFDA4FB140549" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FF95C3518049FEA0FD6102E3:3A756045FF95C351862CFDA4FB140549" box="[1054,1161,527,553]" country="Cameroon" municipality="Mt. Minn" name="Lolodorf" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lolodorf</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FF95C35186A5FDA4FA910549" box="[1175,1292,527,553]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Mt. Minn</collectingMunicipality>
;
<date id="4B14105EFF95C351872BFDA4FF66052D" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1967-11-22">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF95C351872BFDA4FF66052D" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1967-11-22">22 Nov. 1967</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF95C3518335FD9FFD8F052D" box="[263,530,563,589]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C3518335FD9FFEBD052D" box="[263,288,564,589]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="925F5348FF95C3518319FD98FE4D052D" box="[299,464,563,589]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Jacques-Felix</collectorName>
9190
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C3518013FD9FFDAC052E" box="[545,561,564,590]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P04495847]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF95C35182D8FDDDFE3B05F0" blockId="13.[189,1399,630,838]" box="[234,422,630,656]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF95C35182D8FDDDFE3B05F0" bold="true" box="[234,422,630,656]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF95C351828FFD31FB920426" blockId="13.[189,1399,630,838]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF95C351828FFD31FDAF05B9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302483" collectingDate="1969-04-05" collectionCode="R, E, J, P" country="Cameroon" county="Kribi" latitude="2.9333334" location="Galery forest" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="9.916667" municipality="Kienke" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF95C351828FFD31FEF805D4" box="[189,357,666,692]" name="Cameroon" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
•
<location id="3A756045FF95C35183B1FD31FDBD05D4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FF95C3518049FEA0FD6102E3:3A756045FF95C35183B1FD31FDBD05D4" box="[387,544,666,692]" country="Cameroon" county="Kribi" latitude="2.9333334" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="9.916667" municipality="Kienke" name="Galery forest" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Galery forest</location>
of
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FF95C351807FFD31FD3F05D4" box="[589,674,666,692]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kienke</collectingMunicipality>
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C3518099FD30FD5905D5" box="[683,708,667,693]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R</collectionCode>
., just
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C351813EFD30FC8305D5" box="[780,798,667,693]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
of
<collectingCounty id="D6744E12FF95C3518179FD31FC1005D4" box="[843,909,666,692]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kribi</collectingCounty>
;
<geoCoordinate id="5A9E5059FF95C35181A9FD33FC6605D5" box="[923,1019,664,693]" degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="2.9333334">2°56′ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5A9E5059FF95C3518638FD33FBFA05D5" box="[1034,1127,664,693]" degrees="9" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="9.916667">9°55′ E</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="4B14105EFF95C3518644FD31FA9405D4" box="[1142,1289,666,693]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1969-04-05">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF95C3518644FD31FA9405D4" box="[1142,1289,666,693]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1969-04-05">5 Apr. 1969</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF95C351872AFD30FF6505B8" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C351872AFD30FAB405D4" box="[1304,1321,667,692]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C351871EFD30FAA005D4" box="[1324,1341,667,692]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF95C3518778FD30FAEB05D4" box="[1354,1398,667,692]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Bos</taxonomicName>
4276
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C3518339FD14FE8605B9" box="[267,283,703,729]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P05036812]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF95C3518060FD14FEFA059D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302354" collectingDate="1998-03-24" collectionCode="P" collectorName="D. Kenfack" country="Cameroon" location="Korup National Park" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1">
<location id="3A756045FF95C3518060FD14FCCF05B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FF95C3518049FEA0FD6102E3:3A756045FF95C3518060FD14FCCF05B8" box="[594,850,702,729]" country="Cameroon" name="Korup National Park" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Korup National Park</location>
;
<date id="4B14105EFF95C3518153FD15FB9405B8" box="[865,1033,702,729]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1998-03-24">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF95C3518153FD15FB9405B8" box="[865,1033,702,729]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1998-03-24">24 Mar. 1998</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF95C351862BFD14FB7B05B8" box="[1049,1254,702,728]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<collectorName id="925F5348FF95C351862BFD14FB3D05B8" box="[1049,1184,702,728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D. Kenfack</collectorName>
1073
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C35186CBFD14FA9405B9" box="[1273,1289,703,729]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN- P-P05036862]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF95C35183B7FD48FB950426" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302399" collectingDate="1975-06-21" collectionCode="S, J, F, E, P" collectorName="de Wilde" country="Cameroon" county="Niete River" latitude="2.7" location="Kribi" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="10.05" municipality="Rouillon" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1">
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF95C35183B7FD48FE4F059D" box="[389,466,739,765]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
on the road from
<location id="3A756045FF95C3518086FD48FD6F059D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FF95C3518049FEA0FD6102E3:3A756045FF95C3518086FD48FD6F059D" box="[692,754,739,765]" country="Cameroon" county="Niete River" latitude="2.7" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="10.05" municipality="Rouillon" name="Kribi" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kribi</location>
to
<location id="3A756045FF95C351812CFD48FC14059D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FF95C3518049FEA0FD6102E3:3A756045FF95C351812CFD48FC14059D" box="[798,905,739,765]" country="Cameroon" county="Niete River" latitude="2.7" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="10.05" municipality="Rouillon" name="Ebolowa" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ebolowa</location>
, than turning right on forest exploitation
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FF95C351828FFCACFEBA0441" box="[189,295,775,801]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Rouillon</collectingMunicipality>
, exploitation track followed in about
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C35180E1FCACFD7E0441" box="[723,739,775,801]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
direction for
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF95C351814DFCACFC540441" box="[895,969,775,801]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="km" value="24.0">24 km</quantity>
, on bank of the
<collectingCounty id="D6744E12FF95C351864FFCACFA940441" box="[1149,1289,775,801]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nièté River</collectingCounty>
.;
<geoCoordinate id="5A9E5059FF95C3518724FCAEFAEF0441" box="[1302,1394,773,801]" degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="2.7">2°42′ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5A9E5059FF95C351828FFC82FE8A0426" box="[189,279,809,838]" degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" precision="925" value="10.05">10°3′ E</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="4B14105EFF95C3518316FC80FE230426" box="[292,446,811,838]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1975-06-21">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF95C3518316FC80FE230426" box="[292,446,811,838]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1975-06-21">21 Jun. 1975</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF95C35183F8FC87FD4C0425" box="[458,721,811,837]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C35183F8FC87FE470425" box="[458,474,812,837]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C35183ECFC87FE730425" box="[478,494,812,837]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C35183C3FC87FD9B0425" box="[497,518,812,837]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFF95C351803BFC87FD800425" box="[521,541,812,837]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
.
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8304
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.
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•
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of
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cam site above
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.
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. Mwangoka &amp;
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[MNHN- P-P05036843]
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.
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FRUIT. Oblong, reticulate when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp ca
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thick when dry. Length
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, width
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, thickness 5.6–7.0 mm.
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ENDOCARP. Cream, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged, with ca 2–3 main longitudinal ridges, highly branched, with the median ridge reaching the point of the base. Ridges slightly angular and thin, delimiting a reticulate pattern with a random global aspect, enclosing ca 40–45 irregular areoles with arbuscular freely ending ridgelets. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding ridges (
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thick including ridges). Endocarp primary vascular bundle outside endocarp wall. Endocarp wall with ca 14 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width. Locule surface smooth.
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221
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Engl.
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•
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1549
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF95C35182D8F966FE3B0187" bold="true" box="[234,422,1741,1767]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Other material</emphasis>
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•
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of
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, ca
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SW of Eséka
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;
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;
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.
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.
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1549
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;
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[MNHN-P-P04495824]
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•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF95C35183CEF8BDFB2B0035" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302419" collectingDate="1964-06-11" collectionCode="N, W, J, O, P" collectorName="de Wilde" country="Cameroon" county="Obala" elevation="400" location="Left" municipality="Nachtigal" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1">
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bank of
<location id="3A756045FF95C35180A1F8BDFCB20050" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FF95C352804EFA00FDA1057D:3A756045FF95C35180A1F8BDFCB20050" box="[659,815,1814,1840]" country="Cameroon" county="Obala" municipality="Nachtigal" name="Sanaga River" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Sanaga River</location>
near ferry
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FF95C351819DF8BDFBB90050" box="[943,1060,1814,1840]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Nachtigal</collectingMunicipality>
, ca
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of
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; alt. ca
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; galery forest;
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.
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.
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.
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.
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2662b
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;
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.
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<subSubSection id="77B06515FF95C352828FF8D6FDA1057D" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF95C351828FF8D6FED300F7" blockId="13.[189,334,1917,1943]" box="[189,334,1917,1943]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="645D81F2FF95C351828FF8D6FED300F7" bold="true" box="[189,334,1917,1943]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF95C351828FF8D6FED300F7" bold="true" box="[189,334,1917,1943]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF95C351828FF806FB4D008B" blockId="13.[189,1398,1964,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
FRUIT. Oblong, reticulate when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF95C351828FF87AFEAB008B" box="[189,310,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="75.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="70.0">70–80 µm</quantity>
thick when dry. Length 12.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF95C35180A5F87AFC9F008B" box="[663,770,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="17.3">17.3 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF95C3518165F87AFC26008B" box="[855,955,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
, thickness 2.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF95C351865DF87AFB56008B" box="[1135,1227,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="5.9">5.9 mm</quantity>
.
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ENDOCARP. Cream, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF96C3528015FEA0FD1D0646" box="[551,640,267,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF96C3528131FEA7FCF90646" box="[771,868,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="7.2">7.2 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF96C3528623FEA7FBEF0646" box="[1041,1138,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="4.4">4.4 mm</quantity>
. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged, with ca three main longitudinal ridges, which span from the apex to the base of the endocarp. Ridges slightly angular and thin, delimiting a reticulate pattern, enclosing ca 50–60 polygonal areoles with more or less arbusclular freely ending ridgelets. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF96C352861BFEDEFB2006F0" box="[1065,1213,373,400]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.295" metricValueMax="1.5699999999999998" metricValueMin="1.02" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="129.5" valueMax="157.0" valueMin="102.0">102–157 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges (ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF96C352830BFE32FE0806D4" box="[313,405,409,436]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.86" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="186.0">186 µm</quantity>
thick including ridges). Endocarp primary vascular bundle in a channel on the keel. Endocarp wall with two layers: outermost layer with 10–11 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF96C352828FFE4BFEBB069A" box="[189,294,480,507]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="9.0">9–15 µm</quantity>
in width; innermost layer with a single row of small periclinally oriented cells, cells ca
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in width, inflated into the locule.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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Genus
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF96C35280E4FDEEFCF9053F" bold="true" box="[726,868,581,607]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cassinopsis</emphasis>
Sond.
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF96C35280BDFDC3FC3805E2" blockId="14.[644,944,581,642]" box="[655,933,616,642]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs 7.10–7.26, 8.1–8.9</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF96C352828FFD72FE6B0476" blockId="14.[189,1398,729,790]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FRUIT. Globose to elliptical, occasionally laterally compressed, brown-black when mature. Epicarp glabrous. Calyx persistent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF96C352828FFC95FDDE034C" blockId="14.[189,1399,830,1069]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ENDOCARP. Cream to brown, elliptical to globose in lateral view, lenticular to globose in transverse section. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex asymmetrical in lateral view; base symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged with thin to thick rounded and diffuse ridges (i.e., not reticulate), sometimes absent. Vasculature of the endocarp follows the reticulum of ridges or resides in a channel. Endocarp primary vascular bundle outside or within the endocarp wall. Endocarp wall thick, homogeneous, without preferential orientations of cells. Locule surface smooth, occasionally lacunate or with clusters of hairs.</paragraph>
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Key to the genus
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1. Endocarp primary vascular bundle within the endocarp wall .................
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2. Endocarp globose, surface smooth .....................................................
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– Endocarp elliptical, surface clearly ridged ................................................................
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120
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FRUIT. Elliptical, apex acute, smooth when dry. Mesocarp
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ENDOCARP. Brown, compressed in the dorsoventral axis, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
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, thickness ca
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. Apex acute. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged, with ca three main longitudinal ridges; the median ridge is thicker than other ridges, spanning from the base to the apex. Ridges thin and rounded, forming a diffuse pattern of small interconnected ridges running from the main ridge. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding ridges (
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thick including ridges). Vasculature on the endocarp surface resting on ridges, with the endocarp primary vascular bundle positioned outside the endocarp wall. Endocarp wall with ca 20 rows of isodiametric cells, homogeneous; outermost layer with 13–17 rows of cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF96C35286EDF87AFAC5008B" box="[1247,1368,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="52.5" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="45.0">45–60 µm</quantity>
in diameter; innermost layer with 5–7 rows of cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF97C3538162FEA0FC560646" box="[848,971,267,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="20.0">20–35 µm</quantity>
in diameter. Locule surface smooth and lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

211
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@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
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<mods:title id="95C779F1308B3A642FA8D6B6CCFD9BF9">Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BA4FC1D90DBE579A5263B7001CE99F16">2020</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="77B06515FF97C3538072FB98FCFC0310" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF97C3538072FB98FC69032D" blockId="15.[576,1012,1074,1136]" box="[576,1012,1074,1101]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="645D81F2FF97C3538072FB98FC69032D" box="[576,1012,1074,1101]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF97C3538072FB98FC69032D" ID-CoL="RN8J" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill. In" authorityYear="1876" box="[576,1012,1074,1101]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Cassinopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C3538072FB98FC31032D" bold="true" box="[576,940,1074,1101]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cassinopsis madagascariensis</emphasis>
Baill.
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF97C35380E1FBFDFCFC0310" blockId="15.[576,1012,1074,1136]" box="[723,865,1110,1136]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8.1–8.9</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FF97C353828FFB33FBAD0265" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF97C353828FFB33FE3703D2" blockId="15.[189,426,1176,1202]" box="[189,426,1176,1202]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="645D81F2FF97C353828FFB33FE3703D2" bold="true" box="[189,426,1176,1202]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C353828FFB33FE3703D2" bold="true" box="[189,426,1176,1202]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF97C35382D8FB6CFCCA0381" blockId="15.[189,1072,1223,1285]" box="[234,855,1223,1249]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C35382D8FB6CFCCA0381" bold="true" box="[234,855,1223,1249]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF97C353828FFB41FBAD0265" blockId="15.[189,1072,1223,1285]" box="[189,1072,1258,1285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FF97C353828FFB41FBAD0265" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302405" box="[189,1072,1258,1285]" country="Madagascar" location="MADAGASCAR" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P00724815" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF97C353828FFB41FE130264" box="[189,398,1258,1284]" name="Madagascar" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
• 1999;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C35383C3FB40FD6F0264" box="[497,754,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P.P. Lowry et al. 5162</emphasis>
; P[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FF97C353812AFB40FB820265" box="[792,1055,1258,1285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">MNHN-P-P00724815</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FF97C34D828FFA87FCDA053A" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF97C353828FFA87FED30226" blockId="15.[189,334,1324,1350]" box="[189,334,1324,1350]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<heading id="645D81F2FF97C353828FFA87FED30226" bold="true" box="[189,334,1324,1350]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C353828FFA87FED30226" bold="true" box="[189,334,1324,1350]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF97C353828FFAF0FECF02DC" blockId="15.[189,1398,1371,1468]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
FRUIT. Elliptical, asymmetrical at the apex, ridged when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp ca
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thick when dry. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF97C353819EFAD5FB8F02F9" box="[940,1042,1406,1433]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
, width 3.5–5.0 mm, thickness 3.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFF97C35382C3FA09FED002DC" box="[241,333,1442,1468]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6BD56616FF97C353828FF9ACFAEA008B" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFF97C353828FF9ACFAEA008B" blockId="15.[189,1399,1543,2028]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C353828FF9ACFE960142" bold="true" box="[189,267,1543,1570]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
Fruits of
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF97C35383B2F9ACFDC00141" authority="Miers." authorityName="Miers." box="[384,605,1543,1569]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Icacinaceae Miers.</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C3538056F9ACFD0C0141" bold="true" box="[612,657,1543,1570]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1–9</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF97C3538092F9ACFA940142" authority="Engl. (W. J. J. O. de Wilde 1549)" authorityName="Engl. (W. J. J. O. de Wilde" authorityYear="1549" box="[672,1289,1543,1570]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Alsodeiopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zenkeri">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C3538092F9ACFC0C0141" box="[672,913,1543,1569]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Alsodeiopsis zenkeri</emphasis>
Engl. (
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C35381DBF9A3FB600141" box="[1001,1277,1543,1570]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">W.J.J.O. de Wilde 1549</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C3538724F9ACFAB80141" bold="true" box="[1302,1317,1543,1569]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1</emphasis>
. Dried fruit, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C35383A7F981FE5C0124" bold="true" box="[405,449,1578,1605]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2–6</emphasis>
. Endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C353807DF981FDC30124" bold="true" box="[591,606,1578,1604]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing a reticulate pattern of ridges.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C35386F8F981FB440124" bold="true" box="[1226,1241,1578,1604]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">3</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing a keel surrounding the endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C3538094F9E5FD280108" bold="true" box="[678,693,1614,1640]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">4</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C35381F7F9E5FC490108" bold="true" box="[965,980,1614,1640]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">5</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C3538645F9E5FB1B0108" bold="true" box="[1143,1158,1614,1640]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">6</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C353872CF9E5FAB00108" bold="true" box="[1310,1325,1614,1640]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">7</emphasis>
. SEM image of the pericarp in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C3538086F9DAFD5E01EB" bold="true" box="[692,707,1649,1675]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">8</emphasis>
. SEM image of simple hairs on the epicarp surface.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C353872CF9DAFAB001EB" bold="true" box="[1310,1325,1649,1675]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">9</emphasis>
. SEM image of the vascular bundle in a channel (arrow). –
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C3538104F93FFCE201CE" bold="true" box="[822,895,1684,1711]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">10–18</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF97C35381BDF93FFB2301CE" authority="Baker" authorityName="Baker" box="[911,1214,1684,1710]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Cassinopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C35381BDF93FFBF201CE" box="[911,1135,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cassinopsis ciliata</emphasis>
Baker
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C35386E2F93EFEE801B1" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. Perrier De La Bâthie 4671</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C35383BDF91CFE3101B1" bold="true" box="[399,428,1719,1745]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">10</emphasis>
. Dried fruit, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C35380D7F91CFCB101B1" bold="true" box="[741,812,1719,1746]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">11–15</emphasis>
. Endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C353818FF91CFC4A01B1" bold="true" box="[957,983,1719,1745]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">11</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing a reticulate pattern of ridges.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C35383BCF971FE360194" bold="true" box="[398,427,1754,1780]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">12</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing a keel surrounding the endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C353867AF971FBF80194" bold="true" box="[1096,1125,1754,1780]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">13</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C353828FF955FF470078" bold="true" box="[189,218,1790,1816]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">14</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C35383B8F955FE320078" bold="true" box="[394,431,1790,1816]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">15.</emphasis>
Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C353807EF955FDF40078" bold="true" box="[588,617,1790,1816]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">16</emphasis>
. Transverse section of the fruit.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C35381C7F955FB8F0078" bold="true" box="[1013,1042,1790,1816]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">17</emphasis>
. SEM image of the endocarp wall in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C35383CDF88AFD81005B" bold="true" box="[511,540,1825,1851]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">18</emphasis>
. Detail of the same section showing endocarp cells at the center of the wall. –
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C3538327F8EFFEC3003E" bold="true" box="[277,350,1860,1887]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">19–25</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFF97C353835CF8EFFBFA003F" authority="(Hochst.) Sleumer (C. D. Louwsburg 2730)" authorityName="Sleumer (C. D. Louwsburg" authorityYear="2730" baseAuthorityName="Hochst." box="[366,1127,1860,1887]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Cassinopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilicifolia">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C353835CF8EFFDF8003E" box="[366,613,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cassinopsis ilicifolia</emphasis>
(Hochst.) Sleumer (
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C3538164F8EFFBC1003E" box="[854,1116,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C.D. Louwsburg 2730</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C3538646F8EFFB0C003E" bold="true" box="[1140,1169,1860,1886]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">19</emphasis>
. Dried fruit, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C3538336F8CCFED000E1" bold="true" box="[260,333,1895,1922]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">20–23</emphasis>
. Endocarp (apex missing).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C35380A4F8CCFD2E00E1" bold="true" box="[662,691,1895,1921]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">20</emphasis>
. Lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C3538155F8CCFC1900E1" bold="true" box="[871,900,1895,1921]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">21</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing a keel surrounding the endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C3538354F821FE1E00C4" bold="true" box="[358,387,1930,1956]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">22</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C3538090F821FD2200C4" bold="true" box="[674,703,1930,1956]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">23</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C3538150F821FCE200C4" bold="true" box="[866,895,1930,1956]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">24</emphasis>
. SEM image of the pericarp in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C353832CF805FEA600A8" bold="true" box="[286,315,1966,1992]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">25</emphasis>
. Detail of the same section showing the cells. Images taken from Del Rio (2018). Scale bars: 1–6, 10–15 = 10 mm; 16, 19–23 = 2.5 mm; 17 = 1 mm; 9, 24 = 500 μm; 7–8, 25 = 100 μm; 18 = 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF88C34C828FF87BFE97008B" bold="true" box="[189,266,2000,2027]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
(see full caption on page 14)
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ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical to globose in lateral view, globose in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Apex slightly flattened. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged, with ca 5–6 main longitudinal ridges; the median and two lateral ridges reaching the point of the base. Ridges thin and rounded, forming a diffuse pattern, interconnected with the main ridges. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding ridges (
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thick including ridges). Vasculature of the endocarp resting on ridges, with the primary vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall in the thicker part of the keel. Endocarp wall with ca 20 rows of isodiametric to anticlinally oriented cells, cells
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in width. Inflated cells line the locule surface, cells
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in width. Locule surface not lacunate, ornamented with clusters of 3–6 simple and wide hairs.
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142
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C353801FFEDAFCB506EB" bold="true" box="[557,808,368,395]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cassinopsis ilicifolia</emphasis>
(Hochst.) Sleumer
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFF97C35380F6FE3FFCED06CF" blockId="15.[557,1030,368,431]" box="[708,880,404,431]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7.19–7.25</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C35382D8FDAEFCCA057F" bold="true" box="[234,855,517,543]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFF97C353828FFD83FE130522" box="[189,398,552,578]" name="South Africa" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
•
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,
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;
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<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FF97C3538069FD83FD610522" box="[603,764,552,579]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1969-12-15">15 Dec. 1969</collectingDate>
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[
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• 1948;
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; P[
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFF97C353828FFD64FED30589" bold="true" box="[189,334,719,745]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Description</emphasis>
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FRUIT. Globose, asymmetrical at the apex, laterally compressed, with traces left by the vasculature when dry. Mesocarp
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thick when dry. Length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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.
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ENDOCARP. Cream, globose in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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thick. Vasculature of the endocarp resting in the channels, with the endocarp primary vascular bundle outside the endocarp wall. Endocarp wall with ca 24 rows of isodiametric cells, homogeneous, cells
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in diameter. Locule surface smooth, not lacunate.
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Genus
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA1C36580B8FEA0FC950645" bold="true" box="[650,776,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Natsiatum</emphasis>
Buch.
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-Ham. ex Arn.
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA1C365828FFEE5FED30608" bold="true" box="[189,334,334,360]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Description</emphasis>
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See description of
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA1C36583AAFED5FD0106F7" box="[408,668,381,407]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Natsiatum herpeticum</emphasis>
Buch.
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-Ham. ex Arn, the sole member of this genus.
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137
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA1C365802BFE14FCBB06BA" bold="true" box="[537,806,447,474]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Natsiatum herpeticum</emphasis>
Buch.
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA1C365828FFD8DFE370520" bold="true" box="[189,426,550,576]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA1C36582D8FDFEFCCA050F" bold="true" box="[234,855,597,623]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
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• 1903;
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FRUIT. Elliptical to ovoid, apex slightly asymmetrical, black when mature. Epicarp strigose, with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation. Mesocarp
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thick when dry. Calyx persistent. Length 10.2–15.0 mm, width 7.6–10.0 mm, thickness
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.
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ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical to ovoid in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, with a central channel. Apex asymmetrical and acute in lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged, ridges faintly apparent, with at least two main longitudinal ridges; the median ridge reaching the point of the base. Ridges thin and rounded, with a median channel, delimiting a sparse reticulum with only 3–4 polygonal areoles visible. Vasculature resting in the channels of the ridges; endocarp primary vascular bundle semi-embedded within the endocarp wall in the channel of the keel. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding ridges (
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thick including ridges). Endocarp wall with two cell layers: outermost layer with 0–3 row(s) of isodiametric cells (mesocarp-endocarp cell transition), cells
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in diameter; innermost layer with 12–16 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width. Locule surface unknown, lacunate.
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA1C365828FFA8BFEB2025A" bold="true" box="[189,303,1312,1338]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Remarks</emphasis>
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A figure from
<bibRefCitation id="5B3B4B6FFFA1C365835DFAE5FDDA0209" author="Stull G. W. &amp; Moore B. R. &amp; Manchester S. R." box="[367,583,1358,1385]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="935 - 947" refId="ref61432" refString="Stull G. W., Moore B. R., Manchester S. R., 2011. Fruits of Icacinaceae from the Eocene of southeastern North America and their biogeographic implications. International Journal of Plant Sciences 172 (7): 935 - 947. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 660877" type="journal article" year="2011">
Stull
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA1C3658383FAE4FE6D0208" box="[433,496,1358,1384]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
shows the endocarp of
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA1C3658142FAE4FBEA0208" box="[880,1143,1358,1384]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Natsiatum herpeticum</emphasis>
Buch.
</taxonomicName>
-Ham. ex Arn. better preserved with more areoles and freely ending ridgelets than seen here. We speculate that the development of the endocarp in our sample was halted, or the endocarp was decayed by fungal attacks (see Discussion for preservation issues).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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Genus
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131
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FRUIT. Elliptical; mesocarp
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thick when dry. Length
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ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
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, thickness ca
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. Channel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Rugosities extended longitudinally, organized in 3–4 longitudinal lines, separated by 3–4 main longitudinal channels. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding rugosities. Endocarp wall with ca 7–8 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

176
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA2C3668035FE44FCD30569" bold="true" box="[519,846,495,522]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Nothapodytes nimmoniana</emphasis>
(J.Graham) Mabb.
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA2C366828FFDF3FE370512" bold="true" box="[189,426,600,626]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA2C36682D8FD22FCCA05C3" bold="true" box="[234,855,649,675]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFA2C366828FFD05FEF9058E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302320" collectingDate="1975-04-30" collectionCode="E, A, H, L" country="Sri Lanka" location="Kandy District" municipality="Madugoda" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFA2C366828FFD05FEC605A8" box="[189,347,686,712]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">SRI LANKA</collectingCountry>
• “
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFA2C36683B5FD05FE7E05A8" box="[391,483,686,712]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
”,
<location id="3A756045FFA2C36683CCFD05FD2E05A8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFA2C3668035FE44FE4D026D:3A756045FFA2C36683CCFD05FD2E05A8" box="[510,691,686,712]" country="Sri Lanka" municipality="Madugoda" name="Kandy District" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Kandy District</location>
,
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFA2C36680F1FD04FD4805A9" box="[707,725,687,713]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
of
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FFA2C3668136FD05FC1805A8" box="[772,901,686,712]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Madugoda</collectingMunicipality>
;
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<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFA2C36681A7FD05FBA405A9" box="[917,1081,686,713]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" value="1975-04-30">30 Apr. 1975</collectingDate>
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;
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.
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.
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. Jayasuriya 1922
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;
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[
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.2289443]
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.
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA2C36682D8FCBCFE3B0451" bold="true" box="[234,422,791,817]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Other material</emphasis>
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• “
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FFA2C3668349FC97FE4B0436" box="[379,470,828,854]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ceylan</collectingMunicipality>
”; s.d.;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA2C3668017FC97FD5F0437" box="[549,706,828,855]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFA2C3668017FC97FD120436" box="[549,655,828,854]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Thwaites</collectorName>
492
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;
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[
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.
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFA2C366828FFC2BFB5504FB" blockId="58.[189,1224,896,923]" box="[189,1224,896,923]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFA2C366828FFC2BFB5F04FB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302489" box="[189,1218,896,923]" collectionCode="P" country="India" location="Thomson" municipality="Nilgiri" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">
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•
<collectingRegion id="FD6EF87CFFA2C3668315FC2BFE2804FA" box="[295,437,896,922]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FFA2C36683F2FC2BFD8F04FA" box="[448,530,896,922]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Nilgiri</collectingMunicipality>
; s.d.; Hook. fil. &amp;
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<location id="3A756045FFA2C36680D9FC2BFCCA04FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFA2C3668035FE44FE4D026D:3A756045FFA2C36680D9FC2BFCCA04FA" box="[747,855,896,922]" country="India" municipality="Nilgiri" name="Thomson" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Thomson</location>
359
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFA2C36681A8FC2AFC3704FB" box="[922,938,897,923]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P04513576]
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.
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA2C366828FFC6FFED304BE" bold="true" box="[189,334,964,990]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Description</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFA2C366828FFC5EFECF0354" blockId="58.[189,1398,1012,1076]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
FRUIT. Oblong; mesocarp
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA2C36683C0FC5EFD14036F" box="[498,649,1013,1039]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4849999999999999" metricValueMax="1.89" metricValueMin="1.08" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="148.5" valueMax="189.0" valueMin="108.0">108–189 µm</quantity>
thick when dry. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA2C366819CFC5EFBAC036F" box="[942,1073,1013,1039]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA2C36686BAFC5FFB60036F" box="[1160,1277,1012,1039]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6–10 mm</quantity>
, thickness 3.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA2C36682C3FBB1FED00354" box="[241,333,1050,1076]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="7.3">7.3 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFA2C366828FFBF6FE4D026D" blockId="58.[189,1399,1117,1293]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
ENDOCARP. Brown, oblong in lateral view, globose in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA2C366828FFB28FE8603FD" box="[189,283,1155,1181]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="7.2">7.2 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA2C366838DFB28FD8003FD" box="[447,541,1155,1181]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" unit="mm" value="6.6">6.6 mm</quantity>
. Rugosities extended longitudinally, organized in 3–4 longitudinal lines, separated by 3–4 main longitudinal channels. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding the rugosities (
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thick including rugosities). Endocarp wall with ca 16 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
</document>

91
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Key to the genus
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA2C36683A6FEA1FDA40645" bold="true" box="[404,569,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Nothapodytes</emphasis>
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1. Endocarp oblong, globose in transverse section, endocarp wall&gt;
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thick ............................... .....................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFA2C36681EBFECAFAEA061B" authority="(J. Graham) Mabb." authorityName="Mabb. (A. H. H. Jayasuriya" authorityYear="1922" baseAuthorityName="J. Graham" box="[985,1399,353,380]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Stemonuraceae" genus="Nothapodytes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Aquifoliales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nimmoniana">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA2C36681EBFECAFB0A061B" bold="true" box="[985,1175,353,379]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">N. nimmoniana</emphasis>
(J.Graham) Mabb.
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– Endocarp elliptical, lenticular in transverse section, endocarp wall &lt;
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thick .......................... ........................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFA2C36681DFFE07FAEA06A6" authority="(Oliv.) Sleumer" authorityName="Sleumer" baseAuthorityName="Oliv." box="[1005,1399,427,455]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Stemonuraceae" genus="Nothapodytes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Aquifoliales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pittosporoides">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA2C36681DFFE07FB2406A6" bold="true" box="[1005,1209,427,454]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">N. pittosporoides</emphasis>
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Key to the genus
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<keyLead id="845B95ABFFA3C367828FFC23FAEA04A5" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">1. Pits broad, concave ........................................................................................................................... 2 – Pits narrow ........................................................................................................................................ 3</keyLead>
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2. Endocarp ca
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in length, endocarp wall thin (
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thick), pits with a median freely ending ridge or central dimple.................................................................................
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– Endocarp ca
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in length, endocarp wall thick (
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thick), pits without a freely ending ridge ..........................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFA3C3678681FBFEFAEA030E" ID-CoL="4HLFY" authority="Wall." authorityName="Wall." box="[1203,1399,1108,1135]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Phytocrene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oblonga">
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Wall.
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3. Endocarp clearly ridged ...........................................................................................
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Blume
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Endocarp not ridged .......................................................................................................................... 4
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4. Pits 60–65 on each face ..........................................................................................
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA3C3678696FB51FAAC0274" bold="true" box="[1188,1329,1273,1300]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">P. bracteata</emphasis>
Wall.
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– Pits&gt;90 on each face ........................................................................................................................ 5
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5. Endocarp
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in length, oblong .............................................
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(Blume) Blume
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– Endocarp &lt;
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in length, not oblong .......................................................................................... 6 6. Endocarp obovoid, 125–130 pits per face ...........................................................
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA5C36186BCFEA7FAB00646" bold="true" box="[1166,1325,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">P. borneensis</emphasis>
Becc.
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– Endocarp ovoid, 168–178 pits per face ....................................................................
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA5C3618681FE84FAAC0629" bold="true" box="[1203,1329,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">P. palmata</emphasis>
Wall
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72
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Genus
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFA3C36780B5FE85FC310628" blockId="59.[647,940,267,328]" box="[647,940,302,328]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Figs 20.19–20.26, 21–22</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFA5C3618087FE3FFCE306CE" blockId="61.[633,955,368,430]" box="[693,894,404,430]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 20.19–20.26</paragraph>
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• 1920;
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<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFA5C361828FFDC2FEC905E3" box="[189,340,617,643]" name="Malaysia" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">MALAYSIA</collectingCountry>
•
<date id="4B14105EFFA5C361835EFDC2FD9B05E3" box="[364,518,617,644]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" value="1986-06-18">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFA5C361835EFDC2FD9B05E3" box="[364,518,617,644]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" value="1986-06-18">18 Jun. 1986</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA5C3618021FDC2FCD905E3" box="[531,836,617,644]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<location id="3A756045FFA5C3618021FDC2FDF405E3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFA5C361804BFEDBFE540245:3A756045FFA5C3618021FDC2FDF405E3" box="[531,617,617,643]" country="Malaysia" name="Patrick" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Patrick</location>
et al.
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFA5C3618080FDC1FCD905E3" box="[690,836,617,644]" collectionCode="SAN" country="Malaysia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15310" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15310" name="Forest Research Centre" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="Herbarium">SAN 118639</specimenCode>
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFA5C3618161FDC1FCF605E4" box="[851,875,618,644]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFA5C3618140FDC2FB9105E3" box="[882,1036,617,643]" collectionCode="K" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="Herbarium">K000183648</specimenCode>
].
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFA5C361828FFD00FE540245" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFA5C361828FFD00FED305A5" blockId="61.[189,334,683,709]" box="[189,334,683,709]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="645D81F2FFA5C361828FFD00FED305A5" bold="true" box="[189,334,683,709]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA5C361828FFD00FED305A5" bold="true" box="[189,334,683,709]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFA5C361828FFD71FEB0045B" blockId="61.[189,1398,730,827]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
FRUIT. Elliptical, slightly asymmetrical and accrescent at the apex, yellow-orange when mature. Epicarp with clusters of yellow hairs. Calyx persistent. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA5C361816AFD56FC400478" box="[856,989,765,792]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA5C361860BFD56FB200478" box="[1081,1213,765,792]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="11.0">11–15 mm</quantity>
, thickness 8.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA5C361828FFC8AFEB4045B" box="[189,297,801,827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="10.1">10.1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFA5C361828FFCC9FE540245" blockId="61.[189,1399,866,1317]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA5C3618689FCC9FABA041D" box="[1211,1319,866,893]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="14.4">14.4 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA5C36182ECFC2DFEA904C0" box="[222,308,902,928]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA5C36183E4FC2EFD8004C0" box="[470,541,901,928]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
. Marginal keel encircling the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, lacking except for a thin trace observable in the upper part. Apex slightly asymmetrical and acute in lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted. Pits circular to elongate (concave area), ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA5C3618300FC5BFE58036A" box="[306,453,1008,1034]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.7 mm</quantity>
in diameter, representing most of the surface of the endocarp, more or less organized longitudinally with ca 8–10 pits longitudinally and 6–7 pits transversally (ca 35–45 pits per face). Each pit with a central dimple or one freely ending ridge inside. Pits without tubercles. Endocarp wall ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA5C361832AFBF1FEE90314" box="[280,372,1114,1140]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="330.0">330 µm</quantity>
thick excluding pits (
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA5C3618040FBF1FC940314" box="[626,777,1114,1141]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" metricValueMax="1.54" metricValueMin="1.14" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="134.0" valueMax="154.0" valueMin="114.0">114–154 µm</quantity>
thick including pits). Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with three cell layers: outermost layer with 3–5 rows of anticlinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA5C36186E3FBD6FAEA03F8" box="[1233,1399,1149,1176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8399999999999999" metricValueMax="2.45" metricValueMin="1.23" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="18.4" valueMax="24.5" valueMin="12.3">12.3–24.5 µm</quantity>
in length; middle layer with 9–10 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA5C3618667FB0AFB6303DB" box="[1109,1278,1185,1211]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" metricValueMax="1.42" metricValueMin="1.02" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="12.2" valueMax="14.2" valueMin="10.2">10.2–14.2 µm</quantity>
in width; innermost layer with a single row of periclinally oriented cells, cells 13.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA5C3618619FB6FFB1303BF" box="[1067,1166,1220,1247]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="20.7">20.7 µm</quantity>
in width, lining the locule surface with inflated cells. Locule with slightly rounded protuberances due to the thickening of the wall under the pits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

133
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<subSubSection id="77B06515FFA5C361805EFAE7FCED02EA" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFA5C361805EFAE7FC550207" blockId="61.[620,968,1356,1418]" box="[620,968,1356,1383]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="645D81F2FFA5C361805EFAE7FC550207" box="[620,968,1356,1383]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFA5C361805EFAE7FC550207" ID-CoL="4HLFD" authority="Becc." authorityName="Becc." box="[620,968,1356,1383]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Phytocrene" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="borneensis">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA5C361805EFAE7FCE30206" bold="true" box="[620,894,1356,1382]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Phytocrene borneensis</emphasis>
Becc.
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFA5C36180F6FADBFCED02EA" blockId="61.[620,968,1356,1418]" box="[708,880,1392,1418]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Fig. 21.1–21.8</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFA5C361828FFA1AFBD1017E" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFA5C361828FFA1AFE3702AB" blockId="61.[189,426,1457,1483]" box="[189,426,1457,1483]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="645D81F2FFA5C361828FFA1AFE3702AB" bold="true" box="[189,426,1457,1483]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA5C361828FFA1AFE3702AB" bold="true" box="[189,426,1457,1483]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFA5C36182D8FA4BFCCA029A" blockId="61.[189,1100,1504,1566]" box="[234,855,1504,1531]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA5C36182D8FA4BFCCA029A" bold="true" box="[234,855,1504,1531]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFA5C361828FF9AFFBD1017E" blockId="61.[189,1100,1504,1566]" box="[189,1100,1539,1566]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFA5C361828FF9AFFBDB017E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302309" box="[189,1094,1539,1566]" collectingDate="1979-07-08" collectionCode="B, S, L" country="Malaysia" location="Borneo" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sarawak">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFA5C361828FF9AFFEC9017E" box="[189,340,1540,1566]" name="Malaysia" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">MALAYSIA</collectingCountry>
•
<location id="3A756045FFA5C361835EF9AFFE58017E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFA5C362805EFAE7FD0A06D3:3A756045FFA5C361835EF9AFFE58017E" box="[364,453,1540,1566]" country="Malaysia" name="Borneo" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" stateProvince="Sarawak">Borneo</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="FD6EF87CFFA5C36183E3F9AFFDA7017E" box="[465,570,1540,1566]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFA5C36183E3F9AFFDA7017E" box="[465,570,1540,1566]" name="Malaysia" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
;
<date id="4B14105EFFA5C3618074F9AFFD56017E" box="[582,715,1540,1566]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" value="1979-07-08">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFA5C3618074F9AFFD56017E" box="[582,715,1540,1566]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" value="1979-07-08">8 Jul. 1979</collectingDate>
</date>
;
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. Lee
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFA5C361811BF9A8FCA5017D" box="[809,824,1539,1565]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
.40246
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFA5C36181ADF9AFFC2E017E" box="[927,947,1540,1566]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
[
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.2289394]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFA5C362828FF9EEFD0A06D3" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="description">
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<heading id="645D81F2FFA5C361828FF9EEFED3013F" bold="true" box="[189,334,1605,1631]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA5C361828FF9EEFED3013F" bold="true" box="[189,334,1605,1631]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Description</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFA5C361828FF9DEFD4301B5" blockId="61.[189,1399,1652,1750]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
FRUIT. Obovoid, slightly asymmetrical and widely acuminate at the apex, yellow-brown when mature. Epicarp with clusters of yellow hairs. Mesocarp thin but thick at the accrescent part when dry. Calyx not persistent. Length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA5C361838AF910FD9301B5" box="[440,526,1723,1750]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="56.0">56 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA5C36180B6F910FD4701B5" box="[644,730,1723,1749]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFA5C362828FF956FD0A06D3" blockId="61.[189,1399,1788,2028]" lastBlockId="62.[189,1399,267,435]" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
ENDOCARP. Brown, obovoid in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA5C36186ACF956FA940077" box="[1182,1289,1789,1815]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.91" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="39.1">39.1 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA5C361828FF88BFEB5005A" box="[189,296,1824,1850]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="17.3">17.3 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA5C36183FAF88BFD93005A" box="[456,526,1824,1850]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
. No clear keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, but thin trace of keel present in the upper part. Apex asymmetrical and emarginate in lateral view; base acute, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted. Pits circular in the upper half and more elongate in the lower half of the endocarp, relatively thin,
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFA5C361812CF821FC3200C5" box="[798,943,1930,1957]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.4 mm</quantity>
in width, randomly arranged with ca 12–13 pits longitudinally and 10–11 pits transversally (ca 125–130 pits per face). Pits narrow, without tubercles. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding pits (
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thick including pits). Endocarp wall (excluding pits), with three cell layers: outermost layer with ca 16 rows of anticlinally oriented cells, cells
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in length, followed by a layer with ca 9 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells 14.5–24.0 µm in width; innermost layer consist of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width, lining the locule surface with inflated cells. Locule covered with rounded protuberances due to the thickening of the wall under the pits.
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144
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA6C3628045FE71FCEA0695" bold="true" box="[631,887,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Phytocrene bracteata</emphasis>
Wall.
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFA6C362808FFE55FCEB0578" blockId="62.[631,957,474,536]" box="[701,886,510,536]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Fig. 21.9–21.16</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA6C362828FFDEBFE37053A" bold="true" box="[189,426,576,602]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA6C36282D8FDC5FCCA05E8" bold="true" box="[234,855,622,649]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
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• s.d.;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA6C3628397FD39FDD505CC" box="[421,584,658,684]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">W.S. Kurz s.n.</emphasis>
;
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[
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].
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA6C36282D8FD78FE3B058D" bold="true" box="[234,422,723,749]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Other material</emphasis>
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• “British
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, Elphinstone Province”,
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;
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<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFA6C36281E9FD5CFBD60471" box="[987,1099,759,785]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1922-10">Oct. 1922</collectingDate>
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–
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<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFA6C3628668FD5CFB4E0471" box="[1114,1235,759,785]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" value="1923-03">Mar. 1923</collectingDate>
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.D.
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. Elmer 21444
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;
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[MNHN-P-P04513389]
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.
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA6C362828FFCF7FED30416" bold="true" box="[189,334,860,886]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Description</emphasis>
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FRUIT. Ovoid with a symmetrical and elongate apex, yellow-brown when mature. Epicarp with clusters of yellow hairs. Mesocarp thin, but thick at the accrescent part when dry. Calyx not persistent. Length
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, thickness 10.0–
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.
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ENDOCARP. Brown, ovoid in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length 30.5–40.0 mm, width 16.4–20.0 mm, thickness
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. No clear keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, but thin trace of keel present in the upper part. Apex slightly asymmetrical and emarginated in lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and faintly ridged. Pits circular, occasionally elongate, relatively thin,
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in diameter, randomly arranged with ca 11–12 pits longitudinally and 5–7 pits transversally (ca 60–65 pits per face). Pits narrow, without tubercles. Ridges faintly apparent, rounded, delimiting a pseudo-reticulum enclosing numerous areoles on the endocarp surface. Endocarp wall
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thick (ridges height insignificant, ca
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including pits). Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with three cell layers: outermost layer with 10–11 rows of anticlinally oriented cells, 22.0–38.0 µm in length, followed by a layer with 17–18 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width, lining the locule surface with inflated cells. Locule with rounded protuberances due to the thickening of the wall under the pits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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123
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA6C362804EFA56FCFF0178" bold="true" box="[636,866,1533,1560]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Phytocrene hirsuta</emphasis>
Blume
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA6C362828FF9C9FE37011C" bold="true" box="[189,426,1634,1660]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Material examined</emphasis>
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HB.2497/98
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[
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FRUIT. Elliptical, with a symmetrical and elongate apex, red when mature. Epicarp with clusters of yellow-red hairs. Mesocarp thin, but thick at the accrescent part when dry. Calyx not persistent. Length
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, thickness
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.
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ENDOCARP. Brown, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. No clear keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, but trace of keel present in the upper part. Apex asymmetrical, slightly emarginate in lateral view; base rounded and symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Pits circular, thin,
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in diameter, randomly arranged with ca 13–14 pits longitudinally and 8–11 pits transversally (ca 145–150 pits per face). Pits mainly narrow, occasionally capitate, without tubercles. Ridges large and flattened, diffuse, with three main ridges longitudinally (8–10 counting all longitudinal ridges); the median ridge reaching a subbasal area and spanning to the ¾ of the endocarp length; the two adjacent ridges running from the apex and interconnected together at the location of the subapical pore, and becoming diffuse and faintly apparent in the middle of the endocarp length with some transverse and longitudinal freely ending ridgelets. Endocarp wall
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µm
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thick excluding pits. Detail of wall unknown. Locule surface with inflated cells. Locule with rounded protuberances due to the thickening of the wall under the pits.
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149
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(Blume) Blume
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•
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. &amp;
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. Clemens 26544 Bis
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FRUIT. Elliptical, with a symmetrical and elongate apex, red when mature. Epicarp with clusters of yellow-red hairs. Mesocarp
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thick, but thicker at the accrescent part when dry. Calyx not persistent. Length
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ENDOCARP. Cream, oblong in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length
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. No clear keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, but with a trace of keel present in the upper part. Apex asymmetrical, emarginate in lateral view; base acute, slightly asymmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Pits primarily longitudinally elongate, occasionally two pits are merged, 0.4–1.0 mm in diameter, more or less longitudinally arranged, with ca 11–12 pits longitudinally and 7–9 pits transversally (ca 90–105 pits per face). Pits shortly rounded, without tubercles. Ridges rounded, limited to two lateral ridges, not branched, only present in the upper third (apical end) of the endocarp length. The two lateral ridges reaching the apex at the location of the subapical pore. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding pits (
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thick including pits). Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with three cell layers: outermost layer with ca 10–16 rows of anticlinally oriented cells, cells
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in length, followed by a layer with ca 13–19 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width, lining the locule surface with inflated cells. Locule with rounded protuberances due to the thickening of the wall under the pits.
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72
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Genus
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Vell.
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See description of
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA9C36D83AAFE28FDD006FC" box="[408,589,386,412]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Leretia cordata</emphasis>
Vell.
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, the sole member of the genus.
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143
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA9C36D80ACFE6DFCCA0681" bold="true" box="[670,855,454,481]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Leretia cordata</emphasis>
Vell.
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFA9C36D80F6FE46FCED0567" blockId="49.[670,918,454,519]" box="[708,880,493,519]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 17.1–16.9</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA9C36D828FFD9AFE37052B" bold="true" box="[189,426,561,587]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA9C36D82D8FDC8FCCA051D" bold="true" box="[234,855,611,638]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFA9C36D828FFD21FC6B05C4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302453" box="[189,1014,649,676]" collectingDate="1987-06-17" collectionCode="J, C, U" country="Bolivia" location="Pando" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pando">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFA9C36D828FFD21FEA905C4" box="[189,308,650,676]" name="Bolivia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
•
<collectingRegion id="FD6EF87CFFA9C36D837FFD21FE0705C4" box="[333,410,650,676]" country="Bolivia" name="Pando" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pando</collectingRegion>
;
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.
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. Solomon 17073
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•
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;
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[MNHN-P-P05221896]
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.
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FRUIT.Elliptical, apex asymmetrical, red-black when mature. Epicarp glabrous, channels with vasculature marked when dry. Mesocarp
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thick when dry. Calyx persistent. Length
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, width
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, thickness 12.7–16.0 mm.
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ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical to oblong in lateral view, globose in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Channel surrounding the endocarp on one side in the plane of symmetry. Apex slightly asymmetrical in lateral view; base rounded, slightly asymmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp smooth with ca 3 main shallow channels containing the vasculature of the endocarp. Endocarp primary vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall. Endocarp wall
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thick. Endocarp wall with ca 12–14 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells 16.3–33.0 µm in width. Inner endocarp surface smooth with long and thin hairs. Locule surface slightly lacunate.
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Key to the genus
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA9C36D83A6F8A6FE6C0047" bold="true" box="[404,497,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Mappia</emphasis>
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1. Endocarp surface quite smooth ......................................................................................................... 2 – Endocarp surface rugose with channels and mounds ......................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFA9C36D8640F8CDFAEB00E0" ID-CoL="3XY2C" authority="Lundell" authorityName="Lundell" authorityYear="1970" box="[1138,1398,1893,1920]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Mappia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multiflora">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA9C36D8640F8CDFA8900E0" bold="true" box="[1138,1300,1893,1920]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">M. multiflora</emphasis>
Lundell
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<keyStep id="845E2E3BFFA9C36D828FF800FAEB008B" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<keyLead id="845B95ABFFA9C36D828FF800FAEB008B" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
2. Endocarp elliptical, without clear ridges ..............................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFA9C36D86A5F800FAEA00A5" ID-CoL="3XY2Q" authority="Jacq." authorityName="Jacq." box="[1175,1399,1963,1989]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Mappia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA9C36D86A5F800FAA900A5" bold="true" box="[1175,1332,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">M. racemosa</emphasis>
Jacq.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA9C36D82F3F879FF4D008B" box="[193,208,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">–</emphasis>
Endocarp globose, short ridge at the apex ..........................................................
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFA9C36D86B4F87AFAEB008B" ID-CoL="3XY29" authority="Lundell" authorityName="Lundell" authorityYear="1942" box="[1158,1398,2000,2027]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Mappia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longipes">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFA9C36D86B4F87AFA89008B" bold="true" box="[1158,1300,2000,2027]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">M. longipes</emphasis>
Lundell
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126
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<mods:title id="416ACF10B807005A6AC445BF65810B59">Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="77B06515FFAAC36E8048FC59FCE3034F" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="645D81F2FFAAC36E8048FC59FC24036C" box="[634,953,1010,1037]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFAAC36E8048FC59FCCA036D" bold="true" box="[634,855,1010,1037]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Mappia multiflora</emphasis>
Lundell
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFAAC36E8087FBBEFCE3034F" blockId="50.[634,953,1010,1071]" box="[693,894,1045,1071]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 17.19–17.26</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="77B06515FFAAC36E828FFBFCFEED0386" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFAAC36E828FFBFCFE370311" bold="true" box="[189,426,1111,1137]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFAAC36E82D8FB2EFCCA03FF" bold="true" box="[234,855,1157,1184]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFAAC36E828FFB02FEED0386" blockId="50.[189,1398,1157,1254]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFAAC36E828FFB02FEEF03A3" box="[189,370,1193,1219]" name="Guatemala" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<collectingRegion id="FD6EF87CFFAAC36E828FFB02FEEF03A3" box="[189,370,1193,1219]" country="Guatemala" name="Guatemala" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">GUATEMALA</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
•
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, in low forest bordering
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FFAAC36E8177FB02FC4703A3" box="[837,986,1193,1219]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Rio Sarstun</collectingMunicipality>
;
<date id="4B14105EFFAAC36E81DFFB02FB0103A3" box="[1005,1180,1193,1219]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1967-03-18">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFAAC36E81DFFB02FB0103A3" box="[1005,1180,1193,1219]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1967-03-18">18 Mar. 1967</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFAAC36E869DFB02FAF203A2" box="[1199,1391,1192,1219]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Contreras 6781</emphasis>
;
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[
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFAAC36E82EEFB67FF690386" box="[220,244,1228,1254]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15513" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Herbarium">U</collectionCode>
.1343381]
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.
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFAAC36E828FFAA6FED30247" bold="true" box="[189,334,1293,1319]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Description</emphasis>
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FRUIT. Elliptical, apex slightly acuminate and asymmetrical, length
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, width
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, thickness
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.
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ENDOCARP. Elliptical-globose in lateral view, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Channel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex slightly asymmetrical and acute. Outer surface of the endocarp rugose, with ca 2–3 main longitudinal channels that separate irregular mounds. Vasculature of the endocarp resting in the channels, between rugosities. Endocarp wall
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thick with and without rugosities. Endocarp wall with two cell layers: outermost layer with 13 rows of anticlinally oriented cells, cells
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in length, innermost layer with 20 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width. Inner endocarp surface smooth, lacunate.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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122
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<mods:title id="D8AE07936B69B7A8317E96B7619D48D3">Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales)</mods:title>
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Lundell
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFAAC36E8087FE84FCE30629" blockId="50.[644,943,267,329]" box="[693,894,303,329]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fig. 17.10–17.18</paragraph>
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72
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FRUIT. Globose, symmetrical at the apex. Epicarp smooth or slightly rugose when dry, revealing the endocarp faint rugosities. Mesocarp ca
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thick when dry. Calyx persistent. Length
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, width
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, thickness
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.
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ENDOCARP. Globose in lateral view, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, with a central channel. Base with a small rounded protuberance at the point of the base. Outer surface of the endocarp smooth with sparse rugosities randomly distributed, and short ridge beginning the apex and running transversally and subapically over
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at the most. Vasculature of the endocarp free. Endocarp wall
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thick. Endocarp wall with two cell layers: outermost layer with ca 17 rows of anticlinally oriented cells, cells
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in length; innermost layer with 14 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width. Inner endocarp surface smooth, not lacunate.
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145
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<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFAAC36E828FF8C7FAEA00E6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302334" box="[189,1399,1899,1927]" collectorName="H. A. Van Hermann" country="Cuba" location="Guanajay" municipality="Guanajay" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04513543" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Province of Pinar del Rio">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFAAC36E828FF8C7FE9000E6" box="[189,269,1900,1926]" name="Cuba" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">CUBA</collectingCountry>
•
<collectingRegion id="FD6EF87CFFAAC36E8317F8C7FDCC00E6" box="[293,593,1900,1926]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Province of Pinar del Rio</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FFAAC36E806FF8C7FD4C00E6" box="[605,721,1900,1926]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Guanajay</collectingMunicipality>
; 1904;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFAAC36E8115F8C7FBA400E6" box="[807,1081,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFAAC36E8115F8C7FB9B00E6" box="[807,1030,1900,1926]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">H.A. Van Hermann</collectorName>
250
</emphasis>
; P[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFAAC36E866DF8C6FAFB00E7" box="[1119,1382,1900,1927]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">MNHN-P-P04513543</specimenCode>
].
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFAAC36E82D8F805FE3B00A8" bold="true" box="[234,422,1966,1992]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFAAC36E828FF87AFB81008B" blockId="50.[189,1052,1966,2028]" box="[189,1052,2000,2028]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFAAC36E828FF87AFB8B008B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302308" box="[189,1046,2000,2028]" collectingDate="1859-09" collectingDateMax="1860-01" collectingDateMin="1859-09" collectionCode="C, P" country="Cuba" location="CUBA" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFAAC36E828FF87AFE90008B" box="[189,269,2001,2027]" name="Cuba" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">CUBA</collectingCountry>
•
<date id="4B14105EFFAAC36E8314F87AFE06008C" box="[294,411,2001,2028]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1859-09">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFAAC36E8314F87AFE06008C" box="[294,411,2001,2028]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1859-09">Sep. 1859</collectingDate>
</date>
–
<date id="4B14105EFFAAC36E8399F87AFD83008B" box="[427,542,2001,2028]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1860-01">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFAAC36E8399F87AFD83008B" box="[427,542,2001,2028]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1860-01">Jan. 1860</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFAAC36E8018F87AFD43008B" box="[554,734,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFAAC36E8018F87AFDDC008B" box="[554,577,2001,2027]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
. Wright 1389
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFAAC36E80DFF87AFD60008B" box="[749,765,2001,2027]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P04513544]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFABC36F828FFEA0FE2505DF" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFABC36F828FFEA0FED30645" blockId="51.[189,334,267,293]" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F828FFEA0FED30645" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFABC36F828FFE97FEA9061B" blockId="51.[189,1398,315,379]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
FRUIT. Elliptical or globose, asymmetrical at the apex, length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFABC36F8195FE90FBB10636" box="[935,1068,315,342]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="10.0">10–23 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFABC36F86B5FE90FB660636" box="[1159,1275,315,342]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="8.0">8–11 mm</quantity>
, thickness
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFABC36F828FFECBFEAD061B" box="[189,304,352,379]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="6.0">6–13 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFABC36F828FFE08FE2505DF" blockId="51.[189,1399,419,704]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
ENDOCARP. Elliptical in lateral view, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFABC36F80C1FE08FCD606DE" box="[755,843,419,446]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFABC36F81F8FE08FBB406DE" box="[970,1065,419,446]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="8.8">8.8 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFABC36F86E0FE08FAAC06DE" box="[1234,1329,419,446]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="6.9">6.9 mm</quantity>
. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex slightly asymmetrical and acute; base with small rounded protuberance at the point of the base. Outer surface of the endocarp rugose, irregular; rugosities distributed randomly at the surface. Vasculature of the endocarp free. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFABC36F870EFDB9FE860531" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.205" metricValueMax="4.68" metricValueMin="3.7299999999999995" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="420.5" valueMax="468.0" valueMin="373.0">373– 468 µm</quantity>
thick excluding rugosities (
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFABC36F805BFD9CFC9E0531" box="[617,771,567,594]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="5.45" metricValueMin="5.35" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="540.0" valueMax="545.0" valueMin="535.0">535–545 µm</quantity>
thick including rugosities). Endocarp wall with two cell layers: outermost layer with 10–12 rows of anticlinally oriented cells, cells 15.7–34.0 µm in length; innermost layer with 10 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFABC36F819DFD2AFBCE05FB" box="[943,1107,641,667]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" metricValueMax="1.98" metricValueMin="1.38" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="16.8" valueMax="19.8" valueMin="13.8">13.8–19.8 µm</quantity>
in width. Locule surface smooth, not lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

250
data/B7/03/87/B7038788FFABC3698071FC68FE62042C.xml Normal file
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFABC36F8071FC68FC6D04BE" blockId="51.[579,1008,963,1027]" box="[579,1008,963,990]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="645D81F2FFABC36F8071FC68FC6D04BE" box="[579,1008,963,990]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFABC36F8071FC68FC3D04BE" ID-CoL="3XY2X" authority="Hand." authorityName="Hand." box="[579,928,963,990]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Mappianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iodoides">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F8071FC68FCD204BE" bold="true" box="[579,847,963,990]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Mappianthus iodoides</emphasis>
Hand.
</taxonomicName>
-Mazz.
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFABC36F808FFC42FCEA0363" blockId="51.[579,1008,963,1027]" box="[701,887,1001,1027]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 18.9–18.17</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="77B06515FFABC369828FFB87FE62042C" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
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<heading id="645D81F2FFABC36F828FFB87FE370326" bold="true" box="[189,426,1068,1094]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F828FFB87FE370326" bold="true" box="[189,426,1068,1094]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFABC36F82D8FBF7FCCA0316" blockId="51.[189,1399,1116,1180]" box="[234,855,1116,1142]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F82D8FBF7FCCA0316" bold="true" box="[234,855,1116,1142]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFABC36F828FFB2AFAEA03FB" blockId="51.[189,1399,1116,1180]" box="[189,1399,1152,1180]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFABC36F828FFB2AFAED03FB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302369" box="[189,1392,1152,1180]" collectingDate="1933-09-15" collectionCode="A, N, H, C, P" country="China" location="Kwangsi Province" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFABC36F828FFB2AFE8503FB" box="[189,280,1153,1179]" name="China" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">CHINA</collectingCountry>
•
<location id="3A756045FFABC36F8302FB2AFD9603FB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFABC3698071FC68FE62042C:3A756045FFABC36F8302FB2AFD9603FB" box="[304,523,1153,1179]" country="China" name="Kwangsi Province" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Kwangsi Province</location>
;
<date id="4B14105EFFABC36F8024FB2AFD2F03FB" box="[534,690,1153,1180]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1933-09-15">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFABC36F8024FB2AFD2F03FB" box="[534,690,1153,1180]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1933-09-15">15 Sep. 1933</collectingDate>
</date>
;
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.
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFABC36F80E4FB2AFD7203FB" box="[726,751,1153,1179]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
. Steward &amp;
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.
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFABC36F81A8FB2AFC3203FB" box="[922,943,1153,1179]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
. Cheo 1093
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFABC36F867AFB29FBC503FC" box="[1096,1112,1154,1180]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P04513538]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFABC36F82D8FB6FFE3B03BE" blockId="51.[189,1149,1220,1284]" box="[234,422,1220,1246]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F82D8FB6FFE3B03BE" bold="true" box="[234,422,1220,1246]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Other material</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFABC36F828FFB42FBE00263" blockId="51.[189,1149,1220,1284]" box="[189,1149,1256,1284]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFABC36F828FFB42FBE00263" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302438" box="[189,1149,1256,1284]" collectionCode="P" country="China" location="Kouy-Tcheou Province" municipality="Kouy-Tcheou Province" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P05274868" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFABC36F828FFB42FE850263" box="[189,280,1257,1283]" name="China" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">CHINA</collectingCountry>
•
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FFABC36F8303FB42FDD80263" box="[305,581,1257,1283]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Kouy-Tcheou Province</collectingMunicipality>
; s.d.;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F80BBFB42FCA20263" box="[649,831,1257,1283]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Cavalerie 1518</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFABC36F817DFB41FCC20264" box="[847,863,1258,1284]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFABC36F8157FB41FBF10264" box="[869,1132,1257,1284]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">MNHN-P-P05274868</specimenCode>
].
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFABC36F828FFA87FED90226" blockId="51.[189,324,1324,1350]" box="[189,324,1324,1350]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="645D81F2FFABC36F828FFA87FED90226" bold="true" box="[189,324,1324,1350]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F828FFA87FED90226" bold="true" box="[189,324,1324,1350]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Des ion</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFABC36F828FFAF6FAEA02FB" blockId="51.[189,1399,1372,1436]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFABC36F828FFAF6FE980217" box="[189,261,1373,1399]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">FRUIT</collectionCode>
. Elliptical, asymmetrical at the apex, red-green when mature. Epicarp strigose with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation, faintly rugose when dry, revealing the underlying endocarp rugosities.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6BD56616FFABC36F828FFA4EFE2B008D" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFABC36F828FFA4EFE2B008D" blockId="51.[189,1399,1509,2029]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F828FFA4EFEBE029F" bold="true" box="[189,291,1509,1535]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 18.</emphasis>
Fruits of
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFABC36F8381FA4EFD07029F" authority="Miers." authorityName="Miers." box="[435,666,1509,1535]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Icacinaceae Miers.</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F8098FA4EFD4A029F" bold="true" box="[682,727,1509,1536]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">1–8</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFABC36F80DDFA4DFB860160" authority="Jacq." authorityName="Jacq." box="[751,1051,1510,1536]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Mappia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="racemosa">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F80DDFA4DFC50029F" box="[751,973,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Mappia racemosa</emphasis>
Jacq.
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F8607FA4DFAF8029F" box="[1077,1381,1509,1536]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">H.A. Van Hermann 250</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F828FF9A3FF740143" bold="true" box="[189,233,1544,1571]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">1–5</emphasis>
. Endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F834CF9A3FE100142" bold="true" box="[382,397,1544,1570]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">1</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing rough surface.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F8155F9A3FCEB0142" bold="true" box="[871,886,1544,1570]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">2</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing a keel surrounding the endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F8355F987FEEB0126" bold="true" box="[359,374,1580,1606]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">3</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F80A7F987FD390126" bold="true" box="[661,676,1580,1606]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">4</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F8160F987FCFC0126" bold="true" box="[850,865,1580,1606]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">5</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F8637F987FB890126" bold="true" box="[1029,1044,1580,1606]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">6</emphasis>
. SEM image of the endocarp wall in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F83CCF9E4FD900109" bold="true" box="[510,525,1615,1641]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">7</emphasis>
. Detail showing anticlinally oriented outer layer cells.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F8690F9E4FB2C0109" bold="true" box="[1186,1201,1615,1641]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">8</emphasis>
. Detail showing periclinally oriented inner layer cells. –
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F8095F9D9FD7F01EC" bold="true" box="[679,738,1650,1677]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">9–17</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFABC36F80C6F9D9FBCC01EC" authority="Hand." authorityName="Hand." box="[756,1105,1650,1676]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Mappianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iodoides">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F80C6F9D9FC6001EC" box="[756,1021,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Mappianthus iodoides</emphasis>
Hand.
</taxonomicName>
-Mazz. (
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F8684F9D9FE1D01CF" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">A.N. Steward &amp; H.C. Cheo 1093</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F83A8F93EFE3401CF" bold="true" box="[410,425,1685,1711]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">9</emphasis>
. Broken dried fruit, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F810FF93EFC1B01CF" bold="true" box="[829,902,1685,1712]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">10–14</emphasis>
. Endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F862BF93EFBAB01CF" bold="true" box="[1049,1078,1685,1711]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">10</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing the mounds.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F8318F913FED901B2" bold="true" box="[298,324,1720,1746]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">11</emphasis>
. Dorsal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F83C4F913FD8E01B2" bold="true" box="[502,531,1720,1746]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">12</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F8103F913FCD301B2" bold="true" box="[817,846,1720,1746]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">13</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F81CEF913FB8401B2" bold="true" box="[1020,1049,1720,1746]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">14</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F8689F913FB4501B2" bold="true" box="[1211,1240,1720,1746]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">15</emphasis>
. SEM image of a pericarp transverse section showing the channel with the vascular bundle.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F865FF977FB170196" bold="true" box="[1133,1162,1756,1782]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">16</emphasis>
. SEM image of the pericarp transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F803BF954FDBB0079" bold="true" box="[521,550,1791,1817]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">17</emphasis>
. SEM image of the papillae in the locule. –
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F860FF954FB1B0079" bold="true" box="[1085,1158,1791,1817]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">18–23</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFABC36F86A4F954FD9D005C" authority="(Griff.) Mast. ex B. D. Jacks." authorityName="B. D. Jacks." baseAuthorityName="Griff." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Miquelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="assamica">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F86A4F954FAEB0079" box="[1174,1398,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Miquelia assamica</emphasis>
(Griff.) Mast. ex B.D.Jacks.
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F803DF889FD1F005C" box="[527,642,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Wight s.n.</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F80A8F889FD7E005C" bold="true" box="[666,739,1826,1853]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">18–19</emphasis>
. Endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F815DF889FC11005C" bold="true" box="[879,908,1826,1852]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">18</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing the pits and ridges.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F828FF8EEFF47003F" bold="true" box="[189,218,1861,1887]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">19</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F83DFF8EEFD97003F" bold="true" box="[493,522,1861,1887]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">20</emphasis>
. SEM image of the endocarp wall in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F86A8F8EEFB2A003F" bold="true" box="[1178,1207,1861,1887]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">21</emphasis>
. Detail showing the rows of cells in the endocarp wall.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F80B6F8C3FD3C00E2" bold="true" box="[644,673,1896,1922]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">22</emphasis>
. Other detail showing the bullate tubercle.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F86ADF8C3FB2100E2" bold="true" box="[1183,1212,1896,1922]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">23</emphasis>
. SEM image of the inner part of the endocarp and the papillae in transverse section. Images taken from Del Rio (2018). Scale bars: 1–5, 9–14, 18–19 = 10 mm; 20 = 1 mm; 6, 15–16, 22 = 500 μm; 17, 21 = 300 μm; 7–8 = 100 μm; 23 = 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6BD56616FFACC368828FF87BFDF2008B" box="[189,623,2000,2027]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFACC368828FF87BFDF2008B" blockId="52.[189,623,2000,2027]" box="[189,623,2000,2027]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFACC368828FF87BFE84008A" bold="true" box="[189,281,2000,2026]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 18.</emphasis>
(see full caption on page 52)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFADC369828FFEA7FEBB0629" blockId="53.[189,1398,267,329]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
Mesocarp
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thick when dry. Calyx persistent. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFADC3698183FEA7FBAF0646" box="[945,1074,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="28.5" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="20.0">20–37 mm</quantity>
, width 10.0–17.7, thickness
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFADC369828FFE85FEBC0629" box="[189,289,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4–8 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFADC369828FFEC4FE62042C" blockId="53.[189,1399,367,845]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFADC3698689FEC4FABA06EA" box="[1211,1319,367,394]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="25.5">25.5 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFADC36982D2FE39FED006CC" box="[224,333,402,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="12.8">12.8 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFADC36983C0FE39FDCC06CC" box="[498,593,402,428]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="6.9">6.9 mm</quantity>
. Channel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex asymmetrical, acute in lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp rugose with ca 73–91 mounds; mounds more or less square polygonal, each with more or less branched freely ending channel inside. Mounds organized in 5–6 longitudinal lines separated by four main longitudinal channels. The main channel on each face reaching a pore positioned subapically. Vasculature of the endocarp in the channels between mounds; primary vascular bundle half-embedded, positioned in the channel surrounding the endocarp. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFADC3698120FDC9FC34051D" box="[786,937,610,637]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.11" metricValueMax="3.29" metricValueMin="2.93" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="311.0" valueMax="329.0" valueMin="293.0">293–329 µm</quantity>
thick excluding mounds (
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFADC36986ECFDC9FAEA051D" box="[1246,1399,610,637]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="4.96" metricValueMin="4.84" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="490.0" valueMax="496.0" valueMin="484.0">484–496 µm</quantity>
thick including mounds). Endocarp wall with three cell layers: outermost layer with 1–4 rows of isodiametric, occasionally anticlinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFADC3698155FD0CFC4205A2" box="[871,991,679,706]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="30.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="26.0">26–35 µm</quantity>
in length, followed by a layer with 7–10 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells 24.6–29.0 µm in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFADC3698003FD46FD480467" box="[561,725,749,775]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1949999999999998" metricValueMax="1.38" metricValueMin="1.01" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="11.95" valueMax="13.8" valueMin="10.1">10.1–13.8 µm</quantity>
in width, lining the inner endocarp surface with regularly spaced and rounded papillae; papillae
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFADC36980A2FCA4FCA5044A" box="[656,824,783,810]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.625" metricValueMax="3.06" metricValueMin="2.19" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="26.25" valueMax="30.6" valueMin="21.9">21.9–30.6 µm</quantity>
(av.
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFADC369814BFCA4FC7D044A" box="[889,992,783,810]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.56" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="25.6">25.6 µm</quantity>
) in diameter, ca 138 papillae per
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFADC369828FFC99FEBB042D" box="[189,294,818,845]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
<superScript id="C8DF9BD6FFADC3698317FC9AFEB3045F" attach="left" box="[293,302,817,831]" fontSize="6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">2</superScript>
. Locule lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

82
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<mods:title id="C4555A3FA3893B674B81CB4DA7462713">Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales)</mods:title>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F8090FD43FCDE0463" bold="true" box="[674,835,744,771]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Mappianthus</emphasis>
Hand.
</taxonomicName>
-Mazz.
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFABC36F828FFC87FEA904FB" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F828FFC87FED30426" bold="true" box="[189,334,812,838]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFABC36F828FFCF7FEA904FB" blockId="51.[189,1398,859,923]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
See description of
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFABC36F83ABFCF0FD6A0416" authority="Hand." authorityName="Hand." box="[409,759,859,886]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Mappianthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iodoides">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFABC36F83ABFCF0FD380416" bold="true" box="[409,677,859,886]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Mappianthus iodoides</emphasis>
Hand.
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-Mazz., the only species of
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Genus
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFADC3698058FC3DFC5404D0" blockId="53.[618,969,883,944]" box="[618,969,918,944]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Figs 18.18–18.23, 19.1–19.17</paragraph>
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1. Endocarp ovoid, ca
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2. Endocarp wall thick (&gt;
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), 8–9 pits longitudinally ...........................................
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(Griff.) Mast. ex B.D.Jacks
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<heading id="645D81F2FFADC3698030F8B7FBAF0056" box="[514,1074,1820,1847]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFADC3698030F8B7FBAF0056" ID-CoL="43LD8" authority="(Griff.) Mast. ex B. D. Jacks." authorityName="B. D. Jacks." baseAuthorityName="Griff." box="[514,1074,1820,1847]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Miquelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="assamica">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFADC3698030F8B7FD780056" bold="true" box="[514,741,1820,1847]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Miquelia assamica</emphasis>
(Griff.) Mast. ex B.D.Jacks.
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFADC3698087F894FCE30039" blockId="53.[514,1074,1820,1881]" box="[693,894,1855,1881]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Fig. 18.18–18.23</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFADC369828FF82BFE3700FA" bold="true" box="[189,426,1920,1946]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFADC36982D8F805FCCA00A8" bold="true" box="[234,855,1966,1992]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFADC369828FF87AFB7A008B" blockId="53.[189,1255,1966,2027]" box="[189,1255,2000,2027]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFADC369828FF87AFE93008B" box="[189,270,2001,2027]" name="India" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">INDIA</collectingCountry>
• 1871;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFADC3698340F87AFE7B008B" box="[370,486,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Wight s.n.</emphasis>
; K[sheet lacking barcode, same specimen series as
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFAEC36A82D8FEA0FE3B0645" bold="true" box="[234,422,267,293]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Other material</emphasis>
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• “
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” [
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[MNHN-P-P04513530]
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.
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFAEC36A828FFEDCFED306F1" bold="true" box="[189,334,375,401]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Description</emphasis>
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FRUIT. Elliptical, asymmetrical and acuminate at the apex. Epicarp glabrous, shrunken when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Length 9.0–
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, width 8.0–
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, thickness ca
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.
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ENDOCARP. Elliptical in lateral view, length ca
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, width ca
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. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex slightly asymmetrical, acute in lateral view, with apical hole in apical view. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted, ridged and rugose. Ridges large and rounded, faintly apparent, with three main longitudinal ridges delimiting a reticulate pattern enclosing a few polygonal areoles. Rugosities apparent on the ridges, mostly on the keeled margin and transversally oriented ridges. Pits large,
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in diameter, exclusively circular, organized in longitudinal lines, 3–4 pits longitudinally and transversally (ca 12 pits per face). Pits associated with bullate tubercles, ca
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in length inside the endocarp. Endocarp wall ca
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thick (with and without ridges; the ridges are mainly formed by a fold of the wall rather than extra thickening). Endocarp wall with two cell layers: outermost layer with ca 12 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells 13.4–28.0 µm in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells 8.2–11.0 µm in width, covering the inner endocarp surface with regularly spaced and rounded papillae; papillae
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFAEC36A8678FC42FB590363" box="[1098,1220,1001,1027]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="13.0">13–18 µm</quantity>
(av.
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) in diameter. Locule lacunate.
</paragraph>
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149
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFAEC36A80BCFBFFFCFE030F" bold="true" box="[654,867,1108,1135]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Miquelia caudata</emphasis>
King
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFAEC36A828FFB6AFE3703BB" bold="true" box="[189,426,1217,1243]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFAEC36A82D8FB58FCCA026D" bold="true" box="[234,855,1267,1293]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
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•
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;
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. 56069
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;
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.3807104]
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•
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;
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,
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&amp;
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1168
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;
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[
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.
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFAEC36A828FFA2DFED302C0" bold="true" box="[189,334,1414,1440]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Description</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFAEC36A828FFA12FD970141" blockId="54.[189,1399,1464,1569]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
FRUIT. Elliptical, apex elongate. Epicarp strigose, with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation, shriveled when dry, faintly revealing the underlying endocarp ridges. Length
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, width
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, thickness
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.
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ENDOCARP. Elliptical in lateral view, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Apex slightly asymmetrical, acute in lateral view, with apical hole. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Ridges sharp and thin, with three main longitudinal ridges; the median ridge running from the point of the base up to ¾ of the endocarp length, the two lateral ridges running from the point of the apex almost to the base, each connected with the keel by four transverse ridges enclosing three areoles. Pits large (
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in diameter), exclusively circular, organized in longitudinal lines, 8–9 pits longitudinally, ca 6 pits transversally with one pit between median ridge and lateral ridges, and two pits between lateral ridges and the keel (ca 44–48 pits per face). Pits associated with bullate tubercles, ca
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in length inside the endocarp. Cellular details of endocarp wall unknown. Inner endocarp surface with regularly spaced and rounded papillae; papillae 13.2–18.0 µm (av.
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFAEC36A8668F801FB2000A4" box="[1114,1213,1962,1989]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" unit="mm" value="15.9">15.9 µm</quantity>
) in diameter, ca 600–800 papillae per
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<superScript id="C8DF9BD6FFAEC36A8016F864FDB000BD" attach="left" box="[548,557,1999,2013]" fontSize="6" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">2</superScript>
. Locule lacunate.
</paragraph>
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162
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<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFAFC36B80B6FEA0FC320645" ID-CoL="43LDF" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" authorityYear="1849" box="[644,943,267,294]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Miquelia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="celebica">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFAFC36B80B6FEA0FCC70646" bold="true" box="[644,858,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Miquelia celebica</emphasis>
Blume
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFAFC36B808FFE84FCEA0629" blockId="55.[644,943,267,329]" box="[701,887,303,329]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 19.9–19.17</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFAFC36B82D8FE0BFCCA06DA" bold="true" box="[234,855,416,443]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFAFC36B828FFE6FFEC606BE" box="[189,347,452,478]" name="Indonesia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
• “
<collectingRegion id="FD6EF87CFFAFC36B834CFE6FFE7D06BE" box="[382,480,452,478]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Celebes</collectingRegion>
” [
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],
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; 1923;
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<collectorName id="925F5348FFAFC36B810CFE6EFC5206BE" box="[830,975,452,479]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">J.S.A. Kruiff</collectorName>
23
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;
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.
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFAFC36B82D8FDADFE3B0540" bold="true" box="[234,422,518,544]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Other material</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFAFC36B828FFD81FBD60525" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302317" box="[189,1099,554,581]" collectionCode="L" country="Indonesia" location="Sulawesi" municipality="Sulawesi" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCode="L.0014929" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Celebes">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFAFC36B828FFD81FEC60524" box="[189,347,554,580]" name="Indonesia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
• “
<collectingRegion id="FD6EF87CFFAFC36B834CFD81FE7D0524" box="[382,480,554,580]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Celebes</collectingRegion>
” [
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]; 1840; E.A. Forsten s.n.;
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[
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFAFC36B828FFDC7FDD205E7" blockId="55.[189,591,620,647]" box="[189,591,620,647]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFAFC36B828FFDC7FDD205E7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302414" box="[189,591,620,647]" collectionCode="K" country="Philippines" location="PHILIPPINES" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1">
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•
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;
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.
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<subSubSection id="77B06515FFAFC36B828FFD05FD8C0216" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
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<heading id="645D81F2FFAFC36B828FFD05FED305A8" bold="true" box="[189,334,686,712]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFAFC36B828FFD05FED305A8" bold="true" box="[189,334,686,712]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFAFC36B828FFD75FEE00420" blockId="55.[189,1398,733,832]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
FRUIT. Ovoid. Epicarp strigose with yellow uncinate hairs, shriveled when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFAFC36B80A3FCAAFCBB047C" box="[657,806,769,796]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9149999999999998" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.43" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="191.5" valueMax="240.0" valueMin="143.0">143–240 µm</quantity>
thick when dry. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFAFC36B860FFCAAFB33047C" box="[1085,1198,769,796]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="8.0">8–17 mm</quantity>
, width
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, thickness
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFAFC36B8303FC8EFEE50420" box="[305,376,805,832]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFAFC36B828FFCCCFD8C0216" blockId="55.[189,1399,871,1398]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
ENDOCARP. Ovoid in lateral view, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFAFC36B80F6FCCCFC9104E2" box="[708,780,871,898]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Apex slightly asymmetrical, acute in lateral view, with subapical pore. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Ridges rounded and thin to thick, with three main longitudinal ridges; the median ridge running from the base up to ¾ of the endocarp length, the two lateral ridges running from the apex almost to the base. The two lateral ridges are each connected with some transverse ridges; transverse ridges free or connected with the keel. Pits large (
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFAFC36B83D8FBB1FDE10355" box="[490,636,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="0.65" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.9 mm</quantity>
in diameter), exclusively circular and organized in longitudinal lines, 3–5 pits longitudinally, 4 pits transversally with one pit between median ridge and lateral ridges, and one pit between lateral ridges and the keel (ca 17–19 pits per face). Pits associated with bullate tubercles, ca
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in length inside the endocarp. Endocarp wall ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFAFC36B81E0FB2DFBFB03C0" box="[978,1126,1158,1184]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="220.0" valueMax="270.0" valueMin="170.0">170–270 µm</quantity>
thick (with and without ridges; the ridges are mainly formed by a fold of the wall rather than by extra thickening). Endocarp wall with three cell layers: outermost layer with 2–4 rows of isodiametric cells, cells 13.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFAFC36B86C1FB66FACA0388" box="[1267,1367,1229,1256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.27" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="22.7">22.7 µm</quantity>
in diameter, followed by a layer with ca 5 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFAFC36B865CFB5AFA98026C" box="[1134,1285,1265,1292]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" metricValueMax="1.77" metricValueMin="0.85" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="13.1" valueMax="17.7" valueMin="8.5">8.5–17.7 µm</quantity>
in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFAFC36B81FEFABEFBF9024F" box="[972,1124,1301,1328]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.54" metricValueMin="0.86" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="15.4" valueMin="8.6">8.6–15.4 µm</quantity>
in width, covering the inner endocarp surface with regularly spaced and rounded papillae; papillae 12.6–16.0 µm (av.
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFAFC36B8712FA92FAF30233" box="[1312,1390,1337,1363]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 µm</quantity>
) in diameter. Locule lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

223
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<subSubSection id="77B06515FFB1C375804FFBF7FCED03FB" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB1C375804FFBF7FC2A0317" blockId="41.[637,951,1116,1179]" box="[637,951,1116,1143]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="645D81F2FFB1C375804FFBF7FC2A0317" box="[637,951,1116,1143]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFB1C375804FFBF7FC2A0317" ID-CoL="3PTT2" authority="Merr." authorityName="Merr." box="[637,951,1116,1143]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C375804FFBF7FCF20317" bold="true" box="[637,879,1116,1143]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Iodes philippinensis</emphasis>
Merr.
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB1C37580F6FB2BFCED03FB" blockId="41.[637,951,1116,1179]" box="[708,880,1152,1179]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 15.1–15.9</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFB1C375828FFB69FC66024F" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
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<heading id="645D81F2FFB1C375828FFB69FE3703BC" bold="true" box="[189,426,1218,1244]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C375828FFB69FE3703BC" bold="true" box="[189,426,1218,1244]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB1C37582D8FB5AFCCA026B" blockId="41.[189,1019,1265,1328]" box="[234,855,1265,1291]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C37582D8FB5AFCCA026B" bold="true" box="[234,855,1265,1291]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB1C375828FFABEFC66024F" blockId="41.[189,1019,1265,1328]" box="[189,1019,1300,1328]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFB1C375828FFABEFC66024F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302431" box="[189,1019,1300,1328]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="A. D. E. Elmer" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04504850" specimenCount="1">
PHILLIPINES • 1916;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C37583FCFABEFD20024F" box="[462,701,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFB1C37583FCFABEFDF0024F" box="[462,621,1301,1327]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A.D.E. Elmer</collectorName>
16418
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFB1C37580FFFABEFD40024F" box="[717,733,1301,1327]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFB1C37580D1FABEFC770250" box="[739,1002,1301,1328]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MNHN-P-P04504850</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="6BD56616FFB1C375828FFAD1FB38008B" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB1C375828FFAD1FB38008B" blockId="41.[189,1399,1401,2027]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C375828FFAD1FE8102F4" bold="true" box="[189,284,1402,1428]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Fig. 15.</emphasis>
Fruits of
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFB1C37583A7FAD1FDE902F4" authority="Miers." authorityName="Miers." box="[405,628,1402,1428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Icacinaceae Miers.</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C375804FFAD1FD3702F4" bold="true" box="[637,682,1402,1428]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">1–9</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFB1C3758088FAD1FC6E02F4" authority="Merr." authorityName="Merr." box="[698,1011,1402,1428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C3758088FAD1FC3402F4" box="[698,937,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Iodes philippinensis</emphasis>
Merr.
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C3758634FAD1FB6402F3" box="[1030,1273,1401,1428]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">A.D.E. Elmer 16418</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C3758726FAD1FABE02F4" bold="true" box="[1300,1315,1402,1428]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">1</emphasis>
. Dried fruit, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C37583AFFA34FE5402D9" bold="true" box="[413,457,1439,1466]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">2–6</emphasis>
. Broken endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C3758085FA34FD5B02D9" bold="true" box="[695,710,1439,1465]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">2</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing the primary ridges and secondary reticulation.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C3758362FA6EFEC202BF" bold="true" box="[336,351,1477,1503]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">3</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing a keel surrounding the endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C37581DEFA6EFC6602BF" bold="true" box="[1004,1019,1477,1503]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">4</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C375873FFA6EFA8102BF" bold="true" box="[1293,1308,1477,1503]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">5</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C3758336FA41FE8E0164" bold="true" box="[260,275,1514,1540]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">6</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C3758387FA41FE590164" bold="true" box="[437,452,1514,1540]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">7</emphasis>
. SEM image of the uncinate hairs on the epicarp surface.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C375864FFA41FB110164" bold="true" box="[1149,1164,1514,1540]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">8</emphasis>
. SEM image of the vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall (arrow) seen in a transverse section of the pericarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C375828FF99EFF51012F" bold="true" box="[189,204,1589,1615]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">9</emphasis>
. SEM image of the endocarp wall in transverse section. –
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C3758148F99EFC5E012F" bold="true" box="[890,963,1589,1615]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">10–17</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFB1C37581E0F99EFF600115" authority="(Becc.) Utteridge &amp; Byng" authorityName="Utteridge &amp; Byng" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="Becc." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scandens">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C37581E0F99EFB18012F" box="[978,1157,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Iodes scandens</emphasis>
(Becc.) Utteridge &amp; Byng
</taxonomicName>
(MO).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C3758365F9F1FEE90114" bold="true" box="[343,372,1626,1652]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">10</emphasis>
. Lateral view of the endocarp showing a reticulate pattern of ridges.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C375869AF9F1FB720114" bold="true" box="[1192,1263,1626,1653]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">11–14</emphasis>
. Endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C375828FF92BFF4A01FA" bold="true" box="[189,215,1664,1690]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">11</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing a keel surrounding the endocarp partially splitted in the same plane.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C37586D1F92BFA9D01FA" bold="true" box="[1251,1280,1664,1690]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">12</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C3758366F90EFEEC01DF" bold="true" box="[340,369,1701,1727]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">13</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C3758029F90EFDA501DF" bold="true" box="[539,568,1701,1727]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">14</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C37580E4F90EFD6E01DF" bold="true" box="[726,755,1701,1727]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">15</emphasis>
. SEM image of a ridge in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C375873CF90EFAB601DF" bold="true" box="[1294,1323,1701,1727]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">16</emphasis>
. SEM image of the endocarp wall in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C3758121F961FCAD0184" bold="true" box="[787,816,1738,1764]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">17</emphasis>
. SEM image of the endocarp cells and potential papillae on the locule surface (arrow). –
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C37580ABF95BFD7F006A" bold="true" box="[665,738,1776,1802]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">18–26</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFB1C37580C3F95BFBC6006A" authority="(H. Lev.) Rehder" authorityName="Rehder" baseAuthorityName="H. Lev." box="[753,1115,1776,1802]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="seguinii">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C37580C3F95BFC080069" box="[753,917,1776,1802]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Iodes seguinii</emphasis>
(H.Lév.) Rehder
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C375865EF95BFAFB006A" box="[1132,1382,1776,1802]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Abbé Cavalerie 3932</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C375828FF8BEFF47004F" bold="true" box="[189,218,1813,1839]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">18</emphasis>
. Dried fruit, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C3758027F8BEFDC3004F" bold="true" box="[533,606,1813,1840]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">19–23</emphasis>
. Endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C37580C2F8BEFC90004F" bold="true" box="[752,781,1813,1839]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">19</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing the smooth surface with the vasculature on a faintly marked channel.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C3758086F890FD4C0035" bold="true" box="[692,721,1851,1877]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">20</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing the channel.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C37586BBF890FB3B0035" bold="true" box="[1161,1190,1851,1877]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">21</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C3758334F8CBFEBE001A" bold="true" box="[262,291,1888,1914]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">22</emphasis>
. Apical view with the channel seen on the left side.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C3758194F8CBFC5E001A" bold="true" box="[934,963,1888,1914]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">23</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C375865BF8CBFB1B001A" bold="true" box="[1129,1158,1888,1914]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">24</emphasis>
. SEM image of the channel containing the vascular bundle.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C37580BEF82EFD3400FF" bold="true" box="[652,681,1925,1951]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">25</emphasis>
. SEM image of endocarp wall in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C3758737F82EFABF00FF" bold="true" box="[1285,1314,1925,1951]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">26</emphasis>
. Detail showing the endocarp basal cells. Images taken from Del Rio (2018). Scale bars: 1–6, 10–14, 18–23 = 10 mm; 7, 15 = 1 mm; 8, 16, 24 = 500 μm; 9, 25 = 200 μm; 26 = 50 μm; 17 = 30 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6BD56616FFB2C376828FF87BFDF2008B" box="[189,623,2000,2027]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB2C376828FF87BFDF2008B" blockId="42.[189,623,2000,2027]" box="[189,623,2000,2027]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB2C376828FF87BFE84008A" bold="true" box="[189,281,2000,2026]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 15.</emphasis>
(see full caption on page 42)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFB3C377828FFEA0FCD0049B" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB3C377828FFEA0FED30645" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB3C377828FFE90FAAD06FD" blockId="43.[189,1399,314,413]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
FRUIT. Oblong, red when mature. Epicarp puberulent-strigose, with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation and uncinate hairs, shriveled when dry, revealing the underlying endocarp ridges. Mesocarp ca
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thick when dry. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB3C37780F6FE29FCD806FD" box="[708,837,386,413]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="11.0">11–15 mm</quantity>
, width 7.5–12.0 mm, thickness
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB3C377868BFE29FAB106FD" box="[1209,1324,386,413]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB3C377828FFE6EFCD0049B" blockId="43.[189,1399,453,1020]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
ENDOCARP. Brown, oblong in lateral view, hexagonal in transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB3C37786AFFE6EFA9506BF" box="[1181,1288,453,479]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="12.4">12.4 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB3C377828FFE42FE840563" box="[189,281,489,515]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="7.6">7.6 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB3C377838BFE43FD8B0563" box="[441,534,488,515]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, with the thicker margin containing the primary vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall. Apex asymmetrical and almost flat with two uncinate protuberances in lateral view; base flattened and cleft on the opposite side. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged with two
<typeStatus id="E011883CFFB3C3778121FDFEFCCC050F" box="[787,849,597,623]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">types</typeStatus>
of ridges. Primary ridges large and rectangular, composed of two main longitudinal ridges, running from the subbasal part up to the subapical part of the endocarp length and forming a diffuse pattern with only 2–3 lateral freely ending ridgelets. Secondary ridges thin and rounded, delimiting a dense reticulum enclosing numerous areoles. Endocarp possessing a symmetrical pair of horn-like protrusions positioned on the bigger uncinate protuberance at the apex. Vasculature of the endocarp resting on ridges. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB3C37781B9FCA2FBBC0443" box="[907,1057,777,803]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.555" metricValueMax="2.82" metricValueMin="2.29" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="255.5" valueMax="282.0" valueMin="229.0">229–282 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges (
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB3C3778708FCA2FE860427" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.905" metricValueMax="2.96" metricValueMin="2.85" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="290.5" valueMax="296.0" valueMin="285.0">285– 296 µm</quantity>
including secondary ridges and
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB3C3778097FC86FCA30427" box="[677,830,813,839]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.78" metricValueMax="3.96" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="378.0" valueMax="396.0" valueMin="360.0">360–396 µm</quantity>
including primary ridges). Endocarp wall with four cell layers: outermost layer with ca 5 rows of isodiametric cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB3C3778609FCFAFB7F040B" box="[1083,1250,849,876]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="16.5" valueMin="12.5">12.5–16.5 µm</quantity>
in diameter, followed by a layer with ca 6 rows of isodiametric to anticlinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB3C3778680FCDEFAC504EF" box="[1202,1368,885,911]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.485" metricValueMax="2.83" metricValueMin="2.1399999999999997" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="24.85" valueMax="28.3" valueMin="21.4">21.4–28.3 µm</quantity>
in width, then a layer with ca 5 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB3C37781C0FC32FB1A04D3" box="[1010,1159,921,947]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.19" metricValueMin="0.8099999999999999" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="11.9" valueMin="8.1">8.1–11.9 µm</quantity>
in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB3C3778109FC16FC5E04B7" box="[827,963,957,983]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" metricValueMax="6.9" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="6.8" valueMax="6.9" valueMin="6.7">6.7–6.9 µm</quantity>
in width, covering the surface of the locule (detail of the surface unknown). Locule lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

120
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<heading id="645D81F2FFB3C3778010FB88FB8F035E" box="[546,1042,1059,1086]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB3C3778010FB88FD76035D" bold="true" box="[546,747,1059,1086]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB3C3778010FB88FD47035E" bold="true" box="[546,730,1059,1086]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Iodes scandens</emphasis>
(
</emphasis>
Becc.) Utteridge &amp; Byng
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB3C3778087FBECFCE30302" blockId="43.[546,1042,1059,1122]" box="[693,894,1095,1122]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 15.10–15.17</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="77B06515FFB3C377828FFB22FD4D0397" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB3C377828FFB22FE3703C3" bold="true" box="[189,426,1161,1187]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB3C37782D8FB12FCCA03B3" bold="true" box="[234,855,1209,1235]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB3C377828FFB76FD4D0397" blockId="43.[189,855,1209,1271]" box="[189,720,1245,1271]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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• s. loc; s.d.;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB3C3778026FB76FD140396" box="[532,649,1245,1271]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">s. col. s.n.</emphasis>
;
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.
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FRUIT. Elliptical; epicarp puberulent. Calyx persistence and mesocarp thickness unknown. Length
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, width
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, thickness
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB3C377828FFA1EFD97008B" blockId="43.[189,1399,1461,2028]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
ENDOCARP. Brown, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, with the thicker margin containing the primary vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall. Apex rounded and asymmetrical; base rounded, slightly asymmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged with two main longitudinal ridges; the median ridge runs from the point of the base up the half of the endocarp length, then divides into several smaller ridges and a lateral ridge, which runs from the subbase up to the subapex. Ridges rectangular, thin, with a median channel, delimiting a reticulate pattern enclosing 13–18 irregular ridges with arbuscular freely ending ridgelets. Vasculature of the endocarp surface in the channels of the ridges. Endocarp possessing a symmetrical pair of horn-like protrusions compressed on the keel, positioned eccentrically and subapically on the endocarp faces, each with a central pit. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB3C37780AEF8B6FCAB0057" box="[668,822,1821,1848]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.33" metricValueMax="5.64" metricValueMin="5.02" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="533.0" valueMax="564.0" valueMin="502.0">502–564 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges (
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB3C3778653F8B6FB600057" box="[1121,1277,1821,1848]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.62" metricValueMax="6.72" metricValueMin="6.52" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="662.0" valueMax="672.0" valueMin="652.0">652–672 µm</quantity>
including ridges). Endocarp wall with three cell layers: outermost layer with 11–13 rows of anticlinally oriented cells, cells 14.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB3C377834DF8CEFE7D001F" box="[383,480,1893,1919]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.31" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="43.1">43.1 µm</quantity>
in length, followed by a layer with 6–8 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB3C377828FF822FEF900C3" box="[189,356,1929,1956]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.335" metricValueMax="2.56" metricValueMin="2.11" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="23.35" valueMax="25.6" valueMin="21.1">21.1–25.6 µm</quantity>
in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width, covering the locule surface, apparently with rounded papillae (detail of the surface poorly preserved). Locule lacunate.
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118
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(H.Lév.) Rehder
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB4C3708087FE9BFCE3062A" blockId="44.[610,978,267,330]" box="[693,894,303,330]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Fig. 15.18–15.26</paragraph>
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<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFB4C370828FFE6DFE850680" box="[189,280,454,480]" name="China" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">CHINA</collectingCountry>
•
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;
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<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFB4C3708063FE6DFD5A0680" box="[593,711,454,480]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1912-06">Jun. 1912</collectingDate>
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;
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FRUIT. Elliptical to oblong, red when mature. Epicarp puberulent, with yellow uncinate hairs, smooth when dry. Mesocarp thin when dry. Length
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ENDOCARP. Brown, oblong in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Channel surrounding the endocarp on only one side in the plane of symmetry. Apex asymmetrical, flattened in the lateral view; base flattened and symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp smooth with thin, faintly apparent channels, 3–4 main channels running longitudinally. Vasculature of the endocarp in the channels; primary vascular bundle positioned inside the channel surrounding the endocarp. Endocarp wall
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thick. Endocarp wall with ca 12 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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160
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<heading id="645D81F2FFB4C370828FFB8BFE37035A" bold="true" box="[189,426,1056,1082]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB4C370828FFB8BFE37035A" bold="true" box="[189,426,1056,1082]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB4C37082D8FBE4FCCA0309" blockId="44.[189,1399,1103,1203]" box="[234,855,1103,1130]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB4C37082D8FBE4FCCA0309" bold="true" box="[234,855,1103,1130]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB4C370828FFBDFFD1803D2" blockId="44.[189,1399,1103,1203]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFB4C370828FFBDFFDE303D2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302342" collectingDate="1986-04-19" collectionCode="M, BR" collectorName="D. Thomas &amp; Etuge" country="Cameroon" county="Kumba" location="Forest" municipality="Boa Bakundu village" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" specimenCode="BR0000015596772" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFB4C370828FFBDFFEF803EE" box="[189,357,1140,1166]" name="Cameroon" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
•
<location id="3A756045FFB4C37083B3FBDFFE5703EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFB4C3708067FC12FB04008B:3A756045FFB4C37083B3FBDFFE5703EE" box="[385,458,1140,1166]" country="Cameroon" county="Kumba" municipality="Boa Bakundu village" name="Forest" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Forest</location>
near
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FFB4C370803CFBDFFC9103ED" box="[526,780,1139,1166]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Boa Bakundu village</collectingMunicipality>
, south west of
<collectingCounty id="D6744E12FFB4C37081F3FBD8FB8603ED" box="[961,1051,1139,1165]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Kumba</collectingCounty>
;
<date id="4B14105EFFB4C370861AFBDFFB5A03ED" box="[1064,1223,1139,1166]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1986-04-19">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFB4C370861AFBDFFB5A03ED" box="[1064,1223,1139,1166]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" value="1986-04-19">19 Apr. 1986</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB4C37086E7FBDFFED003D1" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFB4C37086E7FBDFFACA03ED" box="[1237,1367,1139,1165]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">D. Thomas</collectorName>
&amp;
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.
<collectorName id="925F5348FFB4C37082D6FB33FEB503D1" box="[228,296,1176,1201]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Etuge</collectorName>
63
</emphasis>
;
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[
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.
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB4C37082D8FB71FE3B0394" bold="true" box="[234,422,1242,1268]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB4C370828FFB55FC840279" blockId="44.[189,793,1242,1305]" box="[189,793,1278,1305]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
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•
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<location id="3A756045FFB4C370837FFB55FE310278" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFB4C3708067FC12FB04008B:3A756045FFB4C370837FFB55FE310278" box="[333,428,1278,1304]" country="Nigeria" name="Ekwuno" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Ekwuno</location>
PFO 370
</emphasis>
;
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[
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]
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.
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB4C370828FFAEAFED3023B" bold="true" box="[189,334,1345,1371]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Description</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB4C370828FFADAFDA002B3" blockId="44.[189,1399,1392,1491]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
FRUIT. Elliptical, red when mature. Epicarp pilose, with yellow long and thin hairs and yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation. Mesocarp
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB4C37080E2FA3FFCF802CF" box="[720,869,1428,1455]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" metricValueMax="1.6199999999999999" metricValueMin="1.3199999999999998" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="147.0" valueMax="162.0" valueMin="132.0">132–162 µm</quantity>
thick when dry. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB4C370864CFA3FFAB402CF" box="[1150,1321,1428,1455]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.355" metricValueMax="1.55" metricValueMin="1.16" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="13.55" valueMax="15.5" valueMin="11.6">11.6–15.5 mm</quantity>
, width 8.5–10.0 mm, thickness
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB4C37083EEFA13FDA402B3" box="[476,569,1464,1491]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB4C370828FFA50FB04008B" blockId="44.[189,1399,1531,2027]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
ENDOCARP. Brown, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB4C370828FF9B4FE84015A" box="[189,281,1567,1594]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="8.7">8.7 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB4C370838BF9B4FD8B015A" box="[441,534,1567,1594]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="5.9">5.9 mm</quantity>
. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, with the thicker margin containing a vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall. Apex slightly asymmetrical in lateral view, with a central pit in apical view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged with 3–4 main longitudinal ridges (6–7 including small longitudinal ridges); the median and two lateral ridges reaching the point of the base and running along the endocarp length. Ridges thin, rounded to rectangular, with a median channel, delimiting a reticulate pattern enclosing 23–25 polygonal and longitudinally extended areoles. Surface of endocarp finely covered by ridgelets-rugosities. Vasculature of the endocarp resting in the channels of the ridges. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB4C37081E5F8B7FBF10057" box="[983,1132,1820,1847]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" metricValueMax="2.45" metricValueMin="2.27" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="236.0" valueMax="245.0" valueMin="227.0">227–245 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges (
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB4C37082F7F8EBFEC2003B" box="[197,351,1856,1883]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.53" metricValueMax="3.86" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="353.0" valueMax="386.0" valueMin="320.0">320–386 µm</quantity>
including ridges). Endocarp wall with three cell layers: outermost layer with 1–3 rows of isodiametric cells (mesocarp?), cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB4C37080A9F8CEFCDE001F" box="[667,835,1893,1919]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.47" metricValueMax="1.72" metricValueMin="1.22" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="14.7" valueMax="17.2" valueMin="12.2">12.2–17.2 µm</quantity>
in diameter, followed by a layer with 15 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB4C370806AF822FD7200C3" box="[600,751,1929,1955]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1300000000000001" metricValueMax="1.3199999999999998" metricValueMin="0.9400000000000001" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="11.3" valueMax="13.2" valueMin="9.4">9.4–13.2 µm</quantity>
in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB4C3708396F807FDB600A7" box="[420,555,1964,1991]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.05" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="5.4" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="7.05" valueMax="8.7" valueMin="5.4">5.4–8.7 µm</quantity>
in width, covering the inner endocarp surface with regularly spaced and rounded papillae; papillae
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB4C37083C7F87AFD04008B" box="[501,665,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.275" metricValueMax="1.3699999999999999" metricValueMin="1.18" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="12.75" valueMax="13.7" valueMin="11.8">11.8–13.7 µm</quantity>
(av.
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB4C37080E0F87AFCA8008B" box="[722,821,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="12.7">12.7 µm</quantity>
) in diameter. Locule lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

144
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<heading id="645D81F2FFB5C3718099FEA0FC140646" box="[683,905,267,294]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFB5C3718099FEA0FC140646" ID-CoL="3PTTK" authority="Merr." authorityName="Merr. (Burley" authorityYear="1577" box="[683,905,267,294]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yatesii">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB5C3718099FEA0FCDC0645" bold="true" box="[683,833,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Iodes yatesii</emphasis>
Merr.
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</heading>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB5C3718087FE99FCE3062C" blockId="45.[683,905,267,332]" box="[693,894,306,332]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Fig. 16.10–16.18</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="77B06515FFB5C371828FFEDCFC120535" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="materials_examined">
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<heading id="645D81F2FFB5C371828FFEDCFE3706F1" bold="true" box="[189,426,375,401]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB5C371828FFEDCFE3706F1" bold="true" box="[189,426,375,401]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB5C37182D8FE02FCCA06A3" blockId="45.[189,859,425,490]" box="[234,855,425,451]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB5C37182D8FE02FCCA06A3" bold="true" box="[234,855,425,451]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB5C371828FFE64FCC6068A" blockId="45.[189,859,425,490]" box="[189,859,463,490]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFB5C371828FFE64FCC8068A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302371" box="[189,853,463,490]" collectingDate="1988-11-19" collectionCode="L" location="SUMATRA" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sumatera Utara">
<collectingRegion id="FD6EF87CFFB5C371828FFE64FED50689" box="[189,328,463,489]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">SUMATRA</collectingRegion>
•
<date id="4B14105EFFB5C3718352FE64FD9F0689" box="[352,514,463,490]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1988-11-19">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFB5C3718352FE64FD9F0689" box="[352,514,463,490]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" value="1988-11-19">19 Nov. 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB5C371803DFE64FD020689" box="[527,671,463,489]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Burley 1577</emphasis>
;
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[
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.2288996]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB5C37182D8FDBFFE3B054E" bold="true" box="[234,422,532,558]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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<collectingRegion id="FD6EF87CFFB5C371828FFD90FED50535" box="[189,328,571,597]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">SUMATRA</collectingRegion>
• s.d.;
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<collectorName id="925F5348FFB5C37183ABFD90FD8D0534" box="[409,528,571,597]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">H.S. Yates</collectorName>
1342
</emphasis>
;
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[
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].
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFB5C371828FFDD4FEE20232" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB5C371828FFDD4FED305F9" blockId="45.[189,334,639,665]" box="[189,334,639,665]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB5C371828FFDD4FED305F9" bold="true" box="[189,334,639,665]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Description</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB5C371828FFD19FAAC05AC" blockId="45.[189,1329,689,716]" box="[189,1329,689,716]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
FRUIT. Elliptical, brown when mature, length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB5C37180E1FD1AFCC805AC" box="[723,853,689,716]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.4" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="29.5" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="25.0">25–34 mm</quantity>
, width
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, thickness
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.
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB5C371828FFD5DFEE20232" blockId="45.[189,1399,758,1362]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
ENDOCARP. Cream, with a cork-like texture, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB5C3718305FCB6FE3A0457" box="[311,423,797,823]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.38" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="33.8">33.8 mm</quantity>
, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, with the thicker margin containing the primary vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall. Apex asymmetrical in lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged with two
<typeStatus id="E011883CFFB5C37183DCFC3AFDB104CB" box="[494,556,913,939]" pageId="45" pageNumber="46">types</typeStatus>
of ridges. Primary ridges comprising three main longitudinal ridges; the median ridge reaching the point of the base. Primary ridges large, rectangular, with a median channel and with wavelet ornamentation on both sides of the channel; delimiting a reticulate pattern enclosing 7–8 square-polygonal areoles transversally. Secondary ridges thin and sharp, delimiting a dense reticulum enclosing numerous areoles. Vasculature of the endocarp resting in the channels of the ridges. Endocarp possessing a symmetrical pair of pores positioned eccentrically and subapically on the endocarp faces. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB5C3718343FBDCFD9503F2" box="[369,520,1143,1170]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.22" metricValueMin="2.58" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="290.0" valueMax="322.0" valueMin="258.0">258–322 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges (
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB5C371811AFBDCFC5C03F2" box="[808,961,1143,1170]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="5.97" metricValueMin="4.33" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="515.0" valueMax="597.0" valueMin="433.0">433–597 µm</quantity>
thick including the secondary ridges and ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB5C3718326FB35FEEC03D8" box="[276,369,1182,1209]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.59" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="959.0">959 µm</quantity>
thick including primary ridges). Endocarp wall with three cell layers: outermost layer with ca 2–4 rows of isodiametric to anticlinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB5C37181FEFB6FFBED03BF" box="[972,1136,1220,1247]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.165" metricValueMax="3.26" metricValueMin="3.07" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="31.65" valueMax="32.6" valueMin="30.7">30.7–32.6 µm</quantity>
in width; middle layer with 11 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells 11.9–21.0 µm in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB5C3718003FABAFD25024C" box="[561,696,1297,1324]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.35" metricValueMax="8.4" metricValueMin="6.3" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="7.35" valueMax="8.4" valueMin="6.3">6.3–8.4 µm</quantity>
in width, covering the inner endocarp surface with papillae. Locule lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

177
data/B7/03/87/B7038788FFB7C3738071FE43FAEB0218.xml Normal file
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<mods:title id="7BB1D4C59C0456283371555E4521610F">Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFB7C3738071FE43FC6C0562" authority="(Oliv.) Pierre" authorityName="Pierre" baseAuthorityName="Oliv." box="[579,1009,488,515]" class="Gastropoda" family="Paludomidae" genus="Lavigeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Icacinales" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB7C3738071FE43FCD20562" bold="true" box="[579,847,488,514]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Lavigeria macrocarpa</emphasis>
(Oliv.) Pierre
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB7C3738087FDA6FCE30547" blockId="47.[579,1009,488,551]" box="[693,894,525,551]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 16.19–16.21</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFB7C373828FFDFBFCF10413" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB7C373828FFDFBFE37050A" blockId="47.[189,426,592,618]" box="[189,426,592,618]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<heading id="645D81F2FFB7C373828FFDFBFE37050A" bold="true" box="[189,426,592,618]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB7C373828FFDFBFE37050A" bold="true" box="[189,426,592,618]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Material examined</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB7C37382D8FD2AFCCA05FB" blockId="47.[189,1399,641,816]" box="[234,855,641,667]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB7C37382D8FD2AFCCA05FB" bold="true" box="[234,855,641,667]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB7C373828FFD0DFE510450" blockId="47.[189,1399,641,816]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFB7C373828FFD0DFA8105A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302480" box="[189,1308,677,704]" collectingDate="1969-03-08" country="Cameroon" location="Kribi" municipality="Edea" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFB7C373828FFD0DFEF805A0" box="[189,357,678,704]" name="Cameroon" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
•
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB7C37383B2FD0DFE5605A0" box="[384,459,678,704]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="km" value="17.0">17 km</quantity>
from
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,
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FFB7C3738051FD0DFD0305A0" box="[611,670,678,704]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Edea</collectingMunicipality>
road;
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<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFB7C37380D9FD0DFCE205A0" box="[747,895,678,704]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1969-03-08">8 Mar. 1969</collectingDate>
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;
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4098
</emphasis>
; WAG [WAG.1398990]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFB7C3738705FD0DFEFA046A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302337" collectingDate="1968-03-11" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Letouzey" country="Cameroon" county="Zingui" location="Pres" municipality="Niete" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1">
“
<location id="3A756045FFB7C3738773FD0DFAEB05A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFB7C3738071FE43FAEB0218:3A756045FFB7C3738773FD0DFAEB05A0" box="[1345,1398,678,704]" country="Cameroon" county="Zingui" municipality="Niete" name="Pres" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Prės</location>
de la riviėre
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FFB7C3738367FD60FE080585" box="[341,405,715,741]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Niete</collectingMunicipality>
au SSE
<collectingCounty id="D6744E12FFB7C37383CCFD60FDD10585" box="[510,588,715,741]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Zingui</collectingCounty>
(
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<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB7C373806FFD60FD370585" box="[605,682,715,741]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFB7C3738086FD60FD4B0585" box="[692,726,715,741]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">SE</collectionCode>
de Kribi
</locationDeviation>
)”;
<date id="4B14105EFFB7C373815BFD60FB910585" box="[873,1036,715,742]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1968-03-11">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFB7C373815BFD60FB910585" box="[873,1036,715,742]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="1968-03-11">11 Mar. 1968</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB7C3738628FD67FB750585" box="[1050,1256,715,741]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFB7C3738628FD67FBB20585" box="[1050,1071,716,741]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="925F5348FFB7C373860EFD67FB390585" box="[1084,1188,716,741]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Letouzey</collectorName>
8970
</emphasis>
; P[MNHN- P-P04494818]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFB7C37383B3FD5BFE580450" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302338" collectingDate="2007-03-06" collectorName="J. J. Wieringa" country="Cameroon" location="Bakingini" municipality="Mile" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1">
<location id="3A756045FFB7C37383B3FD5BFE65046A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFB7C3738071FE43FAEB0218:3A756045FFB7C37383B3FD5BFE65046A" box="[385,504,752,778]" country="Cameroon" municipality="Mile" name="Bakingini" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Bakingini</location>
, at edge of plantation area above
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FFB7C37381B6FD5BFC26046A" box="[900,955,752,778]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Mile</collectingMunicipality>
11;
<date id="4B14105EFFB7C37381C2FD5BFB1E046A" box="[1008,1155,752,779]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2007-03-06">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFB7C37381C2FD5BFB1E046A" box="[1008,1155,752,779]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2007-03-06">6 Mar. 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB7C37386A2FD5AFAF2046A" box="[1168,1391,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFB7C37386A2FD5AFAB1046A" box="[1168,1324,753,778]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">J.J. Wieringa</collectorName>
5840
</emphasis>
; WAG[WAG.1398985]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB7C373828FFCF2FCF10413" blockId="47.[189,876,856,883]" box="[189,876,856,883]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFB7C373828FFCF2FCF10413" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302475" box="[189,876,856,883]" collectorName="N. Halle" country="Gabon" location="GABON" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04494807" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFB7C373828FFCF2FEB80413" box="[189,293,857,883]" name="Gabon" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">GABON</collectingCountry>
• 1966;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB7C37383BAFCF2FDB30413" box="[392,558,856,883]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFB7C37383BAFCF2FE710412" box="[392,492,856,882]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">N. Hallé</collectorName>
3734
</emphasis>
; P[
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FRUIT. Elliptical, red when mature. Epicarp pilose and puberulent, with long and thin red hairs and simple hairs with granular ornamentation, shriveled when dry, revealing the underlying endocarp rugosities. Mesocarp ca
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thick. Calyx not persistent. Length
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ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical in lateral view, globose in transverse section, length ca
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. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, with the thicker margin containing a vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall. Apex slightly asymmetrical in the lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp rugose, with large mounds in 3–4 major longitudinal rows. Mounds formed by folds of the wall. Endocarp wall
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thick without and with ridges. Endocarp wall with two cell layers: outermost layer with 15 rows of isodiametric cells, cells
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in diameter; innermost layer with 15 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells 10.3– 32.0 µm in width. Inner endocarp smooth with long and thin hairs. Locule surface folded, not lacunate.
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See description of
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147
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•
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB8C37C82D8FC57FE3B0376" blockId="32.[189,936,1020,1083]" box="[234,422,1020,1046]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB8C37C82D8FC57FE3B0376" bold="true" box="[234,422,1020,1046]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB8C37C828FFB8BFC35035B" blockId="32.[189,936,1020,1083]" box="[189,936,1056,1083]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFB8C37C828FFB8BFC3F035B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302362" box="[189,930,1056,1083]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="B. Balansa" country="Vietnam" location="VIETNAM" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P00698073" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFB8C37C828FFB8BFED9035A" box="[189,324,1056,1082]" name="Vietnam" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
• 1888;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB8C37C8395FB8AFDF7035A" box="[423,618,1056,1082]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFB8C37C8395FB8AFDB5035A" box="[423,552,1056,1082]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">B. Balansa</collectorName>
3981
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFB8C37C8048FB8AFD17035B" box="[634,650,1057,1083]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFB8C37C80A2FB8AFC0A035A" box="[656,919,1056,1083]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">MNHN-P-P00698073</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFB8C37C828FFBC8FCDB0051" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB8C37C828FFBC8FED3031D" blockId="32.[189,334,1123,1149]" box="[189,334,1123,1149]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="645D81F2FFB8C37C828FFBC8FED3031D" bold="true" box="[189,334,1123,1149]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB8C37C828FFBC8FED3031D" bold="true" box="[189,334,1123,1149]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB8C37C828FFB38FB1B0395" blockId="32.[189,1399,1170,1269]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
FRUIT. Elliptical, laterally compressed, red when mature. Epicarp strigose-puberulent with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation, reticulate when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB8C37C8382FB71FD960395" box="[432,523,1242,1269]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
thick when dry. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB8C37C811BFB71FC360395" box="[809,939,1242,1269]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="31.5" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="25.0">25–38 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB8C37C8632FB71FB1F0395" box="[1024,1154,1242,1269]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="14.0">14–20 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB8C37C828FFAB6FCDB0051" blockId="32.[189,1399,1309,1841]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
ENDOCARP. Brown, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB8C37C8732FAB6FAEF0257" box="[1280,1394,1309,1335]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.27" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="32.7">32.7 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB8C37C831FFAEAFE07023B" box="[301,410,1345,1372]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="15.2">15.2 mm</quantity>
. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, with the thicker margin containing a vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall. Apex greatly asymmetrical; base acute, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged, with two
<typeStatus id="E011883CFFB8C37C81EDFA21FB8002C4" box="[991,1053,1418,1444]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">types</typeStatus>
of ridges; the primary ridges composed of one main median ridge, which reaches the point of the base, and two lateral ridges that run close to the apex. Primary ridges rectangular and thin with a median channel, forming a diffuse pattern with short lateral freely ending ridgelets. Secondary ridges thin and rounded, delimiting a dense reticulum enclosing numerous areoles. Endocarp possessing a symmetrical pair of horn-like protrusions compressed on the keel, positioned eccentrically and subapically on the endocarp faces, each with a central pit. Vasculature of the endocarp resting on the channels of the ridges and free in the mesocarp. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB8C37C8342F92DFD9B01C1" box="[368,518,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.42" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="442.0" valueMax="450.0" valueMin="434.0">434–450 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges (
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB8C37C8116F92DFC2001C1" box="[804,957,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="575.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="550.0">550–600 µm</quantity>
thick including secondary ridges and
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB8C37C828FF901FEBA01A5" box="[189,295,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="1300.0">1300 µm</quantity>
thick including primary ridges). Endocarp wall with three cell layers: outermost layer with ca 12 rows of isodiametric to anticlinally oriented cells, followed by a layer with ca 7 rows of periclinally oriented cells, innermost layer periclinally oriented, lining the locule surface with rounded papillae, papillae ca
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in diameter. Locule surface lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFB8C37C828FF8F2FEC8008B" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB8C37C828FF8F2FEB20013" blockId="32.[189,303,1881,1907]" box="[189,303,1881,1907]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="645D81F2FFB8C37C828FF8F2FEB20013" bold="true" box="[189,303,1881,1907]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB8C37C828FF8F2FEB20013" bold="true" box="[189,303,1881,1907]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB8C37C828FF823FEC8008B" blockId="32.[189,1398,1928,2027]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">The cellular details of the specimen examined were not clearly visible; thus, we were unable to obtain cell size information. The inner endocarp surface was also decayed but we were able to distinguish a few papillae.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

258
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<mods:title id="B0221273AE4F933B477AF2A05A8789DA">Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="B7038788FFB9C37F80A8FEA0FBEA0619" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3848809" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164160286" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3848809" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFB9C37F80A8FEA0FBEA0619" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B7038788FFB9C37F80A8FEA0FBEA0619" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFB9C37D80A8FEA0FCE3062C" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB9C37D80A8FEA0FC070646" blockId="33.[666,922,267,332]" box="[666,922,267,294]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="645D81F2FFB9C37D80A8FEA0FC070646" box="[666,922,267,294]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFB9C37D80A8FEA0FC070646" ID-CoL="3PTSK" authority="Turcz." authorityName="Turcz." box="[666,922,267,294]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cirrhosa">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D80A8FEA0FCDA0646" bold="true" box="[666,839,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Iodes cirrhosa</emphasis>
Turcz.
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB9C37D8087FE99FCE3062C" blockId="33.[666,922,267,332]" box="[693,894,306,332]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 12.14–12.23</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFB9C37D828FFEDDFA8C0534" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB9C37D828FFEDDFE3706F0" blockId="33.[189,426,374,400]" box="[189,426,374,400]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="645D81F2FFB9C37D828FFEDDFE3706F0" bold="true" box="[189,426,374,400]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D828FFEDDFE3706F0" bold="true" box="[189,426,374,400]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB9C37D82D8FE03FCCA06A2" blockId="33.[189,1306,424,489]" box="[234,855,424,451]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D82D8FE03FCCA06A2" bold="true" box="[234,855,424,451]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB9C37D828FFE64FA870689" blockId="33.[189,1306,424,489]" box="[189,1306,462,489]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFB9C37D828FFE64FA870689" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302447" box="[189,1306,462,489]" collectingDate="1921-05-18" collectionCode="B, P" country="Vietnam" location="VIETNAM" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFB9C37D828FFE64FED90689" box="[189,324,463,489]" name="Vietnam" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
• “Indo-chine, Ba Drang”;
<date id="4B14105EFFB9C37D80B4FE64FCB80689" box="[646,805,463,489]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1921-05-18">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFB9C37D80B4FE64FCB80689" box="[646,805,463,489]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1921-05-18">18 May 1921</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D8100FE64FC410688" box="[818,988,462,488]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFB9C37D8100FE64FCDA0688" box="[818,839,463,488]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
. Hayata 672
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFB9C37D81D9FE64FC660689" box="[1003,1019,463,489]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P06672331].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB9C37D82D8FDB8FE3B054D" blockId="33.[189,1297,531,596]" box="[234,422,531,557]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D82D8FDB8FE3B054D" bold="true" box="[234,422,531,557]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB9C37D828FFD91FA8C0534" blockId="33.[189,1297,531,596]" box="[189,1297,569,596]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFB9C37D828FFD91FA8C0534" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302347" box="[189,1297,569,596]" collectingDate="1923-05-23" collectionCode="E, P" country="Vietnam" location="Annam" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFB9C37D828FFD91FED90534" box="[189,324,570,596]" name="Vietnam" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
• “Indo-chine”,
<location id="3A756045FFB9C37D8031FD91FDC00534" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFB9C37F80A8FEA0FBEA0619:3A756045FFB9C37D8031FD91FDC00534" box="[515,605,570,596]" country="Vietnam" name="Annam" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Annam</location>
;
<date id="4B14105EFFB9C37D805BFD91FC940534" box="[617,777,570,596]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1923-05-23">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFB9C37D805BFD91FC940534" box="[617,777,570,596]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" value="1923-05-23">23 May 1923</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D8127FD91FC4E0534" box="[789,979,570,596]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFB9C37D8127FD91FCB60533" box="[789,811,570,595]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
. Poilane 6622
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFB9C37D81D0FD91FC6F0534" box="[994,1010,570,596]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P06672332].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFB9C37D828FFDD5FCA30215" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB9C37D828FFDD5FED305F8" blockId="33.[189,334,638,664]" box="[189,334,638,664]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<heading id="645D81F2FFB9C37D828FFDD5FED305F8" bold="true" box="[189,334,638,664]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D828FFDD5FED305F8" bold="true" box="[189,334,638,664]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB9C37D828FFD1AFB1A0478" blockId="33.[189,1398,688,792]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
FRUIT. Elliptical, cleft at the base, red when mature. Epicarp puberulent with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation, shriveled when dry, revealing the underlying endocarp ridges. Mesocarp
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB9C37D870EFD7CFE850478" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="295.0" valueMax="320.0" valueMin="270.0">270– 320 µm</quantity>
thick when dry. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB9C37D8005FD56FD250478" box="[567,696,765,792]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="12.0">12–20 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB9C37D813CFD56FC120478" box="[782,911,765,792]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 mm</quantity>
, thickness
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB9C37D863DFD56FB1F0478" box="[1039,1154,765,792]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">7–10 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB9C37D828FFCE9FCA30215" blockId="33.[189,1399,834,1398]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Keel thick, surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, with the thicker margin containing the primary vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall. Apex asymmetrical with an acute protuberance on either side in lateral view; base flat and cleft on one side. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged and faintly rugose, with two thin rectangular to sharp ridges on each face, the median ridge running from the base up to ¾ of the endocarp length and the second ridge running up to the subapical part. Endocarp possessing a symmetrical pair of horn-like protrusions compressed on the keel, positioned eccentrically and subapically one on either endocarp face, each protrusion with a central pit. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding ridges (
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thick including ridges). Endocarp wall with three cell layers, sometimes homogeneous: outermost layer with 15–17 rows of isodiametric, occasionally anticlinally oriented cells, cells
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in diameter, followed by a layer with 3–4 rows of small periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells ca
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in width, covering the inner endocarp surface with regularly spaced, sessile rounded papillae, papillae
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(av.
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) in diameter, ca 460 papillae per
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<superScript id="C8DF9BD6FFB9C37D8039FAF1FD840208" attach="left" box="[523,537,1370,1384]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2.</superScript>
Locule surface lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="6BD56616FFB9C37D828FFA6BFDF7008B" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB9C37D828FFA6BFDF7008B" blockId="33.[189,1399,1472,2027]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D828FFA6BFE8702BA" bold="true" box="[189,282,1472,1498]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 12.</emphasis>
Fruits of
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFB9C37D83BDFA6BFDF002BA" authority="Miers." authorityName="Miers." box="[399,621,1472,1498]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Icacinaceae Miers.</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D8046FA6BFD3C02BA" bold="true" box="[628,673,1472,1499]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1–9</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFB9C37D8082FA6BFB8A02BA" authority="Welw. Ex Oliv." authorityName="Welw. Ex Oliv." box="[688,1047,1472,1499]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D8082FA6BFCC602BA" box="[688,859,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Iodes africana</emphasis>
Welw. Ex Oliv.
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D861BFA6AFB6102BA" box="[1065,1276,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">R.P. Tisserant s.n.</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D8727FA6BFAB902BA" bold="true" box="[1301,1316,1472,1498]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">1</emphasis>
. Dried fruit, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D83A1FA48FE22029D" bold="true" box="[403,447,1507,1534]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2–6</emphasis>
. Endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D807EFA48FDC6029D" bold="true" box="[588,603,1507,1533]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">2</emphasis>
. Lateral view of the endocarp showing a reticulate pattern of ridges.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D828FF9ACFF510141" bold="true" box="[189,204,1543,1569]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">3</emphasis>
. Dorsal view of the endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D8009F9ACFDD70141" bold="true" box="[571,586,1543,1569]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">4</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D8156F9ACFCEE0141" bold="true" box="[868,883,1543,1569]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">5</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D862FF9ACFBB10141" bold="true" box="[1053,1068,1543,1569]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">6</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D86FEF9ACFB460141" bold="true" box="[1228,1243,1543,1569]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">7</emphasis>
. SEM image of the pericarp in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D80B4F981FD080124" bold="true" box="[646,661,1578,1604]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">8</emphasis>
. SEM image of the endocarp wall in transverse section and papillae on the inner surface.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D801AF9E6FDAA0107" bold="true" box="[552,567,1613,1639]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">9</emphasis>
. SEM surface view of the papillae lining the locule.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D86F0F9E5FB4C0107" box="[1218,1233,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">–</emphasis>
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D86EEF9E6FAB80107" bold="true" box="[1244,1317,1613,1639]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">10–13</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFB9C37D8705F9E6FE0901EA" authority="Gagnep." authorityName="Gagnep." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balansae">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D8705F9E6FEBA01EA" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Iodes balansae</emphasis>
Gagnep.
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D8395F9DAFD9801EA" box="[423,517,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Liu 171</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D8012F9DBFDA001EA" bold="true" box="[544,573,1648,1674]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">10</emphasis>
. Dried fruit, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D814EF9DBFC0B01EA" bold="true" box="[892,918,1648,1674]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">11</emphasis>
. Lateral view of a part of the endocarp showing the double reticulation (arrow = horn-like protrusions).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D81F1F938FC7D01CD" bold="true" box="[963,992,1683,1709]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">12</emphasis>
. SEM image of primary ridges in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D8392F91CFE2001B1" bold="true" box="[416,445,1719,1745]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">13</emphasis>
. SEM image of secondary ridges in transverse section. –
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D8643F91CFB2701B1" bold="true" box="[1137,1210,1719,1745]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">14–23</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFB9C37D86F9F91DFE9D0194" authority="Turcz" authorityName="Turcz" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cirrhosa">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D86F9F91DFAEA01B0" box="[1227,1399,1718,1744]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Iodes cirrhosa</emphasis>
Turcz
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D8326F971FE590193" box="[276,452,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B. Hayata 672</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D83EDF971FE610194" bold="true" box="[479,508,1754,1780]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">14</emphasis>
. Dried fruit, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D8108F971FC1E0194" bold="true" box="[826,899,1754,1780]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">15–19</emphasis>
. Endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D8624F971FBAE0194" bold="true" box="[1046,1075,1754,1780]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">15</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing the ridges and roughness.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D83FBF956FE7B0077" bold="true" box="[457,486,1789,1815]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">16</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing a keel surrounding the endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D86BEF956FB340077" bold="true" box="[1164,1193,1789,1815]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">17</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D8331F88BFEBD005A" bold="true" box="[259,288,1824,1850]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">18</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D83FBF88BFE7B005A" bold="true" box="[457,486,1824,1850]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">19</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D80B6F88BFD3C005A" bold="true" box="[644,673,1824,1850]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">20</emphasis>
. SEM image of a vascular bundle embedded within endocarp wall in transverse section of the pericarp (arrow).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D813FF8E8FCB7003D" bold="true" box="[781,810,1859,1885]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">21</emphasis>
. SEM image of an endocarp ridge in a transverse section of the pericarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D83ECF8CCFE6600E1" bold="true" box="[478,507,1895,1921]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">22</emphasis>
. SEM image of the lower part of the endocarp wall in transverse section and papillae on the inner surface.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB9C37D807FF821FDF700C4" bold="true" box="[589,618,1930,1956]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">23</emphasis>
. SEM surface view of the papillae lining the locule. Images taken from Del Rio (2018). Scale bars: 1–6, 10–11, 14–19 = 10 mm; 12 = 1 mm; 13, 20–21 = 500 μm; 7, 9 = 300 μm; 8, 23 = 50 μm; 22 = 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6BD56616FFBAC37E828FF87AFDF2008B" box="[189,623,2001,2027]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBAC37E828FF87AFDF2008B" blockId="34.[189,623,2001,2027]" box="[189,623,2001,2027]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBAC37E828FF87AFE84008B" bold="true" box="[189,281,2001,2027]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Fig. 12.</emphasis>
(see full caption on page 32)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFBBC37F828FFEA0FBEA0619" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBBC37F828FFEA0FEB20645" blockId="35.[189,303,267,293]" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="645D81F2FFBBC37F828FFEA0FEB20645" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBBC37F828FFEA0FEB20645" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBBC37F828FFE90FBEA0619" blockId="35.[189,1399,315,378]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
The endocarp was considered “smooth inside” (
<bibRefCitation id="5B3B4B6FFFBBC37F80C3FE90FC010635" author="Sleumer H." box="[753,924,315,341]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref61319" refString="Sleumer H. 1971. Icacinaceae. In: van Steenis C. G. G. J. (ed.) Flora Malesiana. Vol. 7 (1): 1 - 87. Noordhoff, Leiden." type="journal article" year="1971">Sleumer 1971</bibRefCitation>
). Here we demonstrate that the locule is densely covered by papillae. These papillae are difficult to observe without SEM.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

126
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBBC37F804CFE0AFCED06DC" bold="true" box="[638,880,417,444]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Iodes kamerunensis</emphasis>
Engl.
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBBC37F80F6FE6DFCED0681" blockId="35.[638,950,417,481]" box="[708,880,454,481]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 13.1–13.9</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="77B06515FFBBC37F828FFDA2FC4B0518" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
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<heading id="645D81F2FFBBC37F828FFDA2FE370543" bold="true" box="[189,426,521,547]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBBC37F828FFDA2FE370543" bold="true" box="[189,426,521,547]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBBC37F82D8FD92FCCA0533" blockId="35.[189,982,569,632]" box="[234,855,569,595]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBBC37F82D8FD92FCCA0533" bold="true" box="[234,855,569,595]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBBC37F828FFDF5FC4B0518" blockId="35.[189,982,569,632]" box="[189,982,605,632]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFBBC37F828FFDF5FC4B0518" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302351" box="[189,982,605,632]" collectorName="G. A. Zenker" country="Cameroon" location="CAMEROON" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P03951972" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFBBC37F828FFDF5FEF80518" box="[189,357,606,632]" name="Cameroon" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
• 1899;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBBC37F83FAFDF5FD040518" box="[456,665,605,632]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFBBC37F83FAFDF5FDCB0517" box="[456,598,605,632]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">G.A. Zenker</collectorName>
2032
</emphasis>
; P[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFBBC37F808CFDF5FC580518" box="[702,965,605,632]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">MNHN-P-P03951972</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFBBC37F828FFD0BFE3F0382" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBBC37F828FFD0BFED305DA" blockId="35.[189,334,672,698]" box="[189,334,672,698]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="645D81F2FFBBC37F828FFD0BFED305DA" bold="true" box="[189,334,672,698]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBBC37F828FFD0BFED305DA" bold="true" box="[189,334,672,698]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBBC37F828FFD7AFC6E0453" blockId="35.[189,1399,720,819]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
FRUIT. Elliptical; epicarp puberulent with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation, shriveled when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBBC37F8663FD5FFB74046F" box="[1105,1257,756,783]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.425" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.35" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="142.5" valueMax="150.0" valueMin="135.0">135–150 µm</quantity>
thick when dry. Length 10.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBBC37F83BCFCB2FE640453" box="[398,505,793,819]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="12.4">12.4 mm</quantity>
, width 7.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBBC37F80B0FCB2FD420453" box="[642,735,793,819]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="9.6">9.6 mm</quantity>
, thickness 6.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBBC37F81A1FCB2FC720453" box="[915,1007,793,819]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="8.9">8.9 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBBC37F828FFCF7FE3F0382" blockId="35.[189,1399,860,1250]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical in lateral view, globose in transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBBC37F86A9FCF7FA9A0416" box="[1179,1287,860,886]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="10.9">10.9 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBBC37F828FFC2BFE8404FB" box="[189,281,896,923]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="9.9">9.9 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBBC37F838BFC2BFD8B04FB" box="[441,534,896,923]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, with the thicker margin containing the primary vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall, occasionally divided into two parts subapically. Apex asymmetrical in lateral view; base rounded-flat and symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged, with three main longitudinal ridges; the median ridge beginning at the point of the base then dichotomizing at the ¾ of the endocarp length; the apical ¼ of the endocarp length is ridgeless. Ridges rounded and thin, each with a median channel, enclosing 1–3 polygonal areoles, extended transversally and longitudinally. Vasculature of the endocarp resting in the channels of the ridges. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBBC37F8020FBD4FD3503FA" box="[530,680,1151,1178]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.675" metricValueMax="1.81" metricValueMin="1.54" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="167.5" valueMax="181.0" valueMin="154.0">154–181 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges (
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBBC37F81F7FBD4FBC003FA" box="[965,1117,1151,1178]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="465.0" valueMax="470.0" valueMin="460.0">460–470 µm</quantity>
thick including ridges). Endocarp wall homogenous, with 9–12 rows of isodiametric cells,
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBBC37F818DFB0FFBAB03DE" box="[959,1078,1188,1214]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="14.0">14–26 µm</quantity>
in diameter. Locule surface unknown, lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFBBC37F828FFAA0FC7C0235" box="[189,993,1291,1366]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBBC37F828FFAA0FEB20245" blockId="35.[189,303,1291,1317]" box="[189,303,1291,1317]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<heading id="645D81F2FFBBC37F828FFAA0FEB20245" bold="true" box="[189,303,1291,1317]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBBC37F828FFAA0FEB20245" bold="true" box="[189,303,1291,1317]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBBC37F828FFA90FC7C0235" blockId="35.[189,993,1339,1366]" box="[189,993,1339,1366]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A tissue (placenta?, degradation?) obscures the surface of the locule.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

137
data/B7/03/87/B7038788FFBDC37980A0FEA0FC190386.xml Normal file
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<mods:title id="7426FABB60D8A7735138CD191889445C">Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="B7038788FFBDC37980A0FEA0FC190386" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3848805" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164160291" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3848805" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFBDC37980A0FEA0FC190386" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B7038788FFBDC37980A0FEA0FC190386" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFBDC37980A0FEA0FCE30629" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBDC37980A0FEA0FC3C0645" blockId="37.[658,929,267,329]" box="[658,929,267,294]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<heading id="645D81F2FFBDC37980A0FEA0FC3C0645" box="[658,929,267,294]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFBDC37980A0FEA0FC3C0645" ID-CoL="3PTSS" authority="Pierre" authorityName="Pierre" box="[658,929,267,294]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="klaineana">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBDC37980A0FEA0FCC90646" bold="true" box="[658,852,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Iodes klaineana</emphasis>
Pierre
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBDC3798087FE84FCE30629" blockId="37.[658,929,267,329]" box="[693,894,303,329]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 13.10–13.18</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFBDC379828FFEDAFC230523" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBDC379828FFEDAFE3706EB" blockId="37.[189,426,369,395]" box="[189,426,369,395]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<heading id="645D81F2FFBDC379828FFEDAFE3706EB" bold="true" box="[189,426,369,395]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBDC379828FFEDAFE3706EB" bold="true" box="[189,426,369,395]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBDC37982D8FE0BFCCA06DA" blockId="37.[189,909,416,478]" box="[234,855,416,442]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBDC37982D8FE0BFCCA06DA" bold="true" box="[234,855,416,442]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBDC379828FFE68FC1006BE" blockId="37.[189,909,416,478]" box="[189,909,451,478]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFBDC379828FFE68FC1B06BE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302457" box="[189,902,451,478]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="R. P. Klaine" country="Gabon" location="GABON" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04472306" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFBDC379828FFE68FEB806BD" box="[189,293,451,477]" name="Gabon" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">GABON</collectingCountry>
• 1902;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBDC37983BAFE6FFDD206BD" box="[392,591,451,477]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFBDC37983BAFE6FFD9106BD" box="[392,524,451,477]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">R.P. Klaine</collectorName>
3064
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFBDC379806CFE6FFDF306BE" box="[606,622,452,478]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFBDC3798047FE6FFCE606BD" box="[629,891,451,478]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">MNHN-P-P04472306</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBDC37982D8FDAEFE3B057F" blockId="37.[189,958,517,579]" box="[234,422,517,543]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBDC37982D8FDAEFE3B057F" bold="true" box="[234,422,517,543]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBDC379828FFD82FC230523" blockId="37.[189,958,517,579]" box="[189,958,552,579]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFBDC379828FFD82FC230523" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302386" box="[189,958,552,579]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="J. J. F. E. de Wilde" country="Gabon" location="GABON" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04472313" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFBDC379828FFD82FEB80523" box="[189,293,553,579]" name="Gabon" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">GABON</collectingCountry>
• 1983;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBDC37983BAFD82FD1D0522" box="[392,640,552,578]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFBDC37983BAFD82FDD00522" box="[392,589,552,578]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">J.J.F.E. de Wilde</collectorName>
606
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFBDC37980A2FD82FD3D0523" box="[656,672,553,579]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFBDC3798094FD82FC300523" box="[678,941,553,579]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">MNHN-P-P04472313</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFBDC379828FFDC1FC190386" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBDC379828FFDC1FED305E4" blockId="37.[189,334,618,644]" box="[189,334,618,644]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<heading id="645D81F2FFBDC379828FFDC1FED305E4" bold="true" box="[189,334,618,644]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBDC379828FFDC1FED305E4" bold="true" box="[189,334,618,644]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBDC379828FFD31FC86047E" blockId="37.[189,1398,665,798]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
FRUIT. Elliptical, red when mature. Epicarp densely puberulent with yellow short simple hairs with granular ornamentation and longer simple hairs without ornamentation, shriveled when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBDC379815AFD4BFB9F059B" box="[872,1026,736,763]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="270.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="240.0">240–300 µm</quantity>
thick when dry. Length 11.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBDC379828FFCAFFEB4047E" box="[189,297,772,798]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="13.6">13.6 mm</quantity>
, width 7.0–11.0 mm, thickness
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBDC37980AEFCAFFC8B047E" box="[668,790,772,798]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="5.55" valueMax="7.1" valueMin="4.0">4–7.1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBDC379828FFCEDFC190386" blockId="37.[189,1399,837,1255]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBDC37986ADFCEDFA940400" box="[1183,1289,838,864]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="12.1">12.1 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBDC379828FFCC2FE8404E4" box="[189,281,873,900]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="7.6">7.6 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBDC379838BFCC2FD8B04E4" box="[441,534,873,900]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="6.3">6.3 mm</quantity>
. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, with the thicker margin containing the primary vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall. Apex slightly asymmetrical in lateral view, horn-like protrusions or pores absent; base rounded and symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged, with 4–5 main longitudinal ridges; the median ridges running from the point of the base up to the point of the apex. Ridges rounded, thin, with a median channel, delimiting a reticulate pattern (sparse subapically and subbasally, but denser toward the middle), enclosing 13–15 polygonal areoles each with a freely ending ridge. Vasculature of the endocarp resting in the channels of the ridges. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBDC3798020FBC9FD35031C" box="[530,680,1122,1148]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.505" metricValueMax="1.73" metricValueMin="1.28" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="150.5" valueMax="173.0" valueMin="128.0">128–173 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges (
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thick including ridges). Endocarp wall with at least two cell layers: outermost layer with 5–9 rows of isodiametric to anticlinally oriented cells, cells 22.7–29.0 µm in width, innermost layer with 1–5 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width. Locule surface unknown, lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

183
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<mods:title id="8C1A42FC065D608A9EBBA70001842AF8">Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales)</mods:title>
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<heading id="645D81F2FFBDC3798097FAA6FC130248" box="[677,910,1293,1320]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFBDC3798097FAA6FC130248" ID-CoL="6MVGK" authority="Stapf" authorityName="Stapf" authorityYear="1906" box="[677,910,1293,1320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="liberica">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBDC3798097FAA6FCD40248" bold="true" box="[677,841,1293,1320]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Iodes liberica</emphasis>
Stapf
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBDC3798087FA9AFCE3022C" blockId="37.[677,910,1293,1356]" box="[693,894,1329,1356]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 13.19–13.27</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFBDC379828FFAD8FCBD01AE" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBDC379828FFAD8FE3702ED" bold="true" box="[189,426,1395,1421]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBDC37982D8FA09FC160280" blockId="37.[189,907,1442,1504]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBDC37982D8FA09FCCA02DC" bold="true" box="[234,855,1442,1469]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFBDC379828FFA6DFC160280" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302332" box="[189,907,1477,1504]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="J. G. Adam" country="Guinea-Bissau" location="GUINEA" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04472332" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFBDC379828FFA6DFEB10280" box="[189,300,1478,1504]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">GUINEA</collectingCountry>
• 1949;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBDC37983BDFA6DFDD00280" box="[399,589,1478,1504]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFBDC37983BDFA6DFD960280" box="[399,523,1478,1504]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">J.G. Adam</collectorName>
3833
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFBDC379806EFA6DFDF10280" box="[604,620,1478,1504]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFBDC3798041FA6DFCE70280" box="[627,890,1478,1504]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">MNHN-P-P04472332</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBDC37982D8F9ACFE3B0141" blockId="37.[189,1399,1543,1641]" box="[234,422,1543,1569]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBDC37982D8F9ACFE3B0141" bold="true" box="[234,422,1543,1569]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBDC379828FF980FEF30109" blockId="37.[189,1399,1543,1641]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFBDC379828FF980FC3B0125" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302455" box="[189,934,1578,1606]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="J. G. Adam" country="Guinea-Bissau" location="GUINEA" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04472335" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFBDC379828FF980FEB10125" box="[189,300,1579,1605]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">GUINEA</collectingCountry>
• 1949;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBDC3798392F980FDF70125" box="[416,618,1579,1605]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFBDC3798392F980FDBC0125" box="[416,545,1579,1605]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">J.G. Adam</collectorName>
5788
</emphasis>
;
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[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFBDC37980A7F987FC010126" box="[661,924,1579,1606]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">MNHN-P-P04472335</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFBDC37981F8F980FEF30109" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302420" collectionCode="P" collectorName="J. G. Adam" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="MNHN- P-P04472330" specimenCount="1">
1949;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBDC3798628F980FB790125" box="[1050,1252,1579,1605]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFBDC3798628F980FB010125" box="[1050,1180,1579,1605]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">J.G. Adam</collectorName>
5252
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFBDC37986CBF987FA940126" box="[1273,1289,1580,1606]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFBDC3798722F987FEC00109" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">MNHN- P-P04472330</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBDC379828FF93BFCBD01AE" blockId="37.[189,1399,1680,1742]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFBDC379828FF93BFA9801CB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302305" box="[189,1285,1680,1707]" collectingDate="1906-03-27" collectionCode="A, P" country="Ivory Coast" location="Bingerville" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFBDC379828FF93BFE1401CA" box="[189,393,1680,1706]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">IVORY COAST</collectingCountry>
•
<location id="3A756045FFBDC379838AF93BFDDD01CA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFBDC37A8097FAA6FE5205E6:3A756045FFBDC379838AF93BFDDD01CA" box="[440,576,1680,1706]" country="Ivory Coast" name="Bingerville" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Bingerville</location>
;
<date id="4B14105EFFBDC3798064F93BFC9001CA" box="[598,781,1680,1707]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1906-03-27">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFBDC3798064F93BFC9001CA" box="[598,781,1680,1707]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" value="1906-03-27">27 Mar. 1906</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBDC3798116F93AFC5E01CA" box="[804,963,1680,1707]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFBDC3798116F93AFCA401CB" box="[804,825,1681,1707]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Jolly s.n.
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFBDC37981ECF93AFC7301CB" box="[990,1006,1681,1707]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P04472370]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFBDC3798706F93BFCBD01AE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302487" collectionCode="P" collectorName="A. J. M. Leewenberg" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04472371" specimenCount="1">
1959;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBDC379828FF91FFE7F01AE" box="[189,482,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFBDC379828FF91FFE3D01AE" box="[189,416,1716,1742]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A.J.M. Leewenberg</collectorName>
2527
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFBDC37983C3F91FFD9C01AE" box="[497,513,1716,1742]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFBDC379803AF91FFC9201AE" box="[520,783,1716,1742]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">MNHN-P-P04472371</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFBDC37A828FF95DFE5205E6" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBDC379828FF95DFED30070" bold="true" box="[189,334,1782,1808]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBDC379828FF88EFD3100E6" blockId="37.[189,1398,1828,1926]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
FRUIT. Elliptical to obovoid, red when mature. Epicarp sparsely strigose with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation. Mesocarp ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBDC37980B5F8E3FD7B0003" box="[647,742,1864,1891]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 µm</quantity>
when dry. Calyx not persistent. Length 8.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBDC3798737F8E3FAEE0003" box="[1285,1395,1864,1891]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.19" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="11.9">11.9 mm</quantity>
, width 5.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBDC3798309F8C0FE0A00E6" box="[315,407,1899,1926]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="7.8">7.8 mm</quantity>
, thickness
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBDC3798025F8C0FD3500E6" box="[535,680,1899,1926]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.45" metricValueMax="7.4" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="6.45" valueMax="7.4" valueMin="5.5">5.5–7.4 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBDC37A828FF806FE5205E6" blockId="37.[189,1398,1965,2027]" lastBlockId="38.[189,1399,267,646]" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
ENDOCARP. Light brown, elliptical to obovoid in lateral view, globose in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBDC37983A9F87AFE6B008B" box="[411,502,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="7.1">7.1 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBDC37980A6F87AFD47008B" box="[660,730,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, with the thicker margin containing a vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall. Apex slightly asymmetrical in lateral view, without horn-like protrusions or pores; base rounded-acute, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp sparsely ridged, with one median ridge running longitudinally, beginning at the point of the base and spanning ca ¾ of the endocarp length. Ridges angular-sharp, thin, with a median channel, forming a sparse diffuse pattern from the median ridge, absent from the apical ¼ of the endocarp length. Vasculature of the endocarp resting in the channels of the ridges. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBEC37A870EFE64FE870571" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.72" metricValueMin="1.38" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="155.0" valueMax="172.0" valueMin="138.0">138– 172 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges (
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thick including ridges). Endocarp wall with at least two cell layers: outermost layer with one row of anticlinally oriented to isodiametric cells,
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in width; innermost layer with 8–9 rows of periclinally oriented cells,
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in width. Locule surface unknown, not lacunate.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
</document>

145
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBEC37A8054FD1AFC1B05AC" bold="true" box="[614,902,689,716]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Iodes madagascariensis</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBEC37A80F6FD73FCED0592" blockId="38.[614,974,689,754]" box="[708,880,728,754]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 14.1–14.9</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBEC37A828FFCB5FE370458" bold="true" box="[189,426,798,824]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBEC37A82D8FCFBFCFF040A" bold="true" box="[234,866,848,875]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Specimens used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
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• “
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”; s.d.;
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;
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•
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBEC37A82D8FC4FFE3B049E" bold="true" box="[234,422,996,1022]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Other material</emphasis>
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• s.d.;
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FRUIT. Elliptical, brown when mature. Epicarp glabrous, granular, shriveled when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp
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thick when dry. Calyx not persistent. Length
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, width
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, thickness 4.4–5.0 mm.
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ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length 7.6–8.0 mm, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, with the thicker margin containing the primary vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall. Apex slightly asymmetrical in lateral view, horn-like protrusions or pores absents; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged delimiting a reticulate pattern of rounded ridges. Ridges thin and faintly apparent, with a median channel, enclosing more than 80 small polygonal areoles distributed over the entire surface of the endocarp. Vasculature of the endocarp resting in the channels of the ridges. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding ridges (
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thick including ridges). Endocarp wall with at least two cell layers: outermost layer with ca 11 rows of periclinally oriented to isodiametric cells, cells 18.9–27.0 µm in width; innermost layer with one row of small periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width, covering the inner endocarp surface with regularly spaced and rounded papillae, papillae ca
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in diameter. Locule not lacunate.
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<heading id="645D81F2FFBEC37A809AF8A1FC110045" box="[680,908,1802,1829]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFBEC37A809AF8A1FC110045" ID-CoL="3PTSY" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" box="[680,908,1802,1829]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovalis">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBEC37A809AF8A1FCAB0045" bold="true" box="[680,822,1802,1829]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Iodes ovalis</emphasis>
Blume
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</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBEC37A8087F899FCE3002C" blockId="38.[680,908,1802,1868]" box="[693,894,1842,1868]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 14.10–14.18</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFBEC37B828FF8DCFBCF062C" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBEC37A828FF8DCFE3700F1" blockId="38.[189,426,1911,1937]" box="[189,426,1911,1937]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="645D81F2FFBEC37A828FF8DCFE3700F1" bold="true" box="[189,426,1911,1937]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBEC37A828FF8DCFE3700F1" bold="true" box="[189,426,1911,1937]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBEC37A82D8F801FCCA00A4" blockId="38.[189,855,1962,2027]" box="[234,855,1962,1988]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBEC37A82D8F801FCCA00A4" bold="true" box="[234,855,1962,1988]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBEC37A828FF87AFC9F008B" blockId="38.[189,855,1962,2027]" box="[189,770,2000,2027]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFBEC37A828FF87AFED9008B" box="[189,324,2001,2027]" name="Vietnam" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
•
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBEC37A836FF879FD95008B" box="[349,520,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<location id="3A756045FFBEC37A836FF879FE0B008B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFBEC37B809AF8A1FAC8032A:3A756045FFBEC37A836FF879FE0B008B" box="[349,406,2002,2027]" country="Vietnam" name="Hiep" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Hiep</location>
HLF 203
</emphasis>
;
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[
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B82D8FEA0FE3B0645" bold="true" box="[234,422,267,293]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBFC37B828FFE99FBCF062C" blockId="39.[189,1106,267,332]" box="[189,1106,305,332]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFBFC37B828FFE99FEC6062C" box="[189,347,306,332]" name="Indonesia" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">INDONESIA</collectingCountry>
• “
<collectingRegion id="FD6EF87CFFBFC37B834CFE99FE7D062C" box="[382,480,306,332]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Celebes</collectingRegion>
” [
<collectingRegion id="FD6EF87CFFBFC37B83CBFE9AFDF1062C" box="[505,620,305,332]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
]; 1863;
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<location id="3A756045FFBFC37B80FBFE99FC94062C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFBEC37B809AF8A1FAC8032A:3A756045FFBFC37B80FBFE99FC94062C" box="[713,777,306,332]" country="Indonesia" name="Kunz" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Kunz</location>
?
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFBFC37B8116FE99FCA9062C" box="[804,820,306,332]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P04504863]
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.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="77B06515FFBFC37B828FFEDDFAC8032A" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBFC37B828FFEDDFED306F0" blockId="39.[189,334,374,400]" box="[189,334,374,400]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="645D81F2FFBFC37B828FFEDDFED306F0" bold="true" box="[189,334,374,400]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B828FFEDDFED306F0" bold="true" box="[189,334,374,400]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBFC37B828FFE02FD010557" blockId="39.[189,1399,424,567]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
FRUIT. Elliptical, cleft at the base, red when mature. Epicarp strigose with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation and small papillae-like hairs lining the fruit, shriveled when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBFC37B811FFE5DFC580570" box="[813,965,502,528]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" metricValueMax="2.42" metricValueMin="1.42" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="192.0" valueMax="242.0" valueMin="142.0">142–242 µm</quantity>
thick when dry. Length
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, width 10.0–
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, thickness
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBFC37B8006FDB7FD050557" box="[564,664,540,567]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
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ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, with the thicker margin containing a vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall. Apex asymmetrical and acute in lateral view; base flattened and cleft. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged and faintly rugose, with 3–4 main longitudinal ridges delimiting a reticulate pattern, enclosing 3–4 large polygonal areoles. Ridges thin, rectangular, with a median channel, interconnected with some very short freely ending ridgelets. Rugosities distributed over the entire surface. Endocarp possessing a symmetrical pair of horn-like protrusions positioned eccentrically and subapically on the endocarp faces, each with a central pit. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBFC37B8390FC3EFDA704D0" box="[418,570,917,944]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.445" metricValueMax="3.75" metricValueMin="3.1399999999999997" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="344.5" valueMax="375.0" valueMin="314.0">314–375 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges (ca
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thick including ridges). Endocarp wall with three cell layers: outermost layer with 16–19 rows of isodiametric, occasionally anticlinally oriented cells, followed by a layer with 6–11 rows of periclinally oriented cells; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, lining the locule surface with regularly spaced and rounded papillae; papillae
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBFC37B8313FB9BFE2B032A" box="[289,438,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.18" metricValueMin="0.9199999999999999" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="11.8" valueMin="9.2">9.2–11.8 µm</quantity>
(av.
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBFC37B83DDFB9BFDCE032A" box="[495,595,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="10.1">10.1 µm</quantity>
) in diameter, at least 220 papillae per
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFBFC37B8621FB9BFBE1032A" box="[1043,1148,1072,1099]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
<superScript id="C8DF9BD6FFBFC37B8649FB85FB19035C" attach="left" box="[1147,1156,1070,1084]" fontSize="6" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">2</superScript>
. Locule lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

271
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Sleumer
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBFC37B8087FB30FCE303D5" blockId="39.[659,928,1140,1205]" box="[693,894,1179,1205]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 14.19–14.27</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B828FFB4BFE37039A" bold="true" box="[189,426,1248,1274]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B82D8FAB9FCCA024C" bold="true" box="[234,855,1298,1324]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
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• 1926;
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<collectorName id="925F5348FFBFC37B83C3FA92FD400233" box="[497,733,1337,1363]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Perrier de la Bâthie</collectorName>
17843
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;
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[
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<caption id="6BD56616FFBFC37B828FFA36FC90008B" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFBFC37B828FFA36FC90008B" blockId="39.[189,1399,1437,2027]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B828FFA36FE8202D7" bold="true" box="[189,287,1437,1463]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 14.</emphasis>
Fruits of
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFBFC37B8390FA36FD1E02D7" authority="Miers." authorityName="Miers." box="[418,643,1437,1463]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Icacinaceae Miers.</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B80A2FA36FD2102D7" bold="true" box="[656,700,1437,1463]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">1–9</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFBFC37B80E2FA36FBA002D7" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill." box="[720,1085,1437,1463]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B80E2FA36FC6D02D7" box="[720,1008,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Iodes madagascariensis</emphasis>
Baill.
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B8661FA36FB6302D7" box="[1107,1278,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Chapelier s.n.</emphasis>
; MNHN- P-P04472113).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B8347FA6BFE1902BA" bold="true" box="[373,388,1472,1498]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">1</emphasis>
. Dried fruit, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B808AFA6BFD7802BA" bold="true" box="[696,741,1472,1499]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">2–6</emphasis>
. Broken endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B81FCFA6BFC4002BA" bold="true" box="[974,989,1472,1498]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">2</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing a reticulate pattern of ridges.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B83A6FA48FE3E029D" bold="true" box="[404,419,1507,1533]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">3</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing a keel surrounding the endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B8663FA48FBFD029D" bold="true" box="[1105,1120,1507,1533]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">4</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B828FF9ACFF510141" bold="true" box="[189,204,1543,1569]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">5</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B8340F9ACFE1C0141" bold="true" box="[370,385,1543,1569]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">6</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B8029F9ACFDB70141" bold="true" box="[539,554,1543,1569]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">7</emphasis>
. SEM image of the pericarp in a transverse section showing the vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall (arrow).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B812DF981FCB30124" bold="true" box="[799,814,1578,1604]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">8</emphasis>
. Other view of the pericarp in a transverse section showing the endocarp wall.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B8038F9E6FD840107" bold="true" box="[522,537,1613,1639]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">9</emphasis>
. Detail showing the papillae on the locule surface. –
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B86A2F9E6FB440107" bold="true" box="[1168,1241,1613,1639]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">10–18</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFBFC37B86DBF9E6FE9601EA" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovalis">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B86DBF9E6FAEB0107" box="[1257,1398,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Iodes ovalis</emphasis>
Blume
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B832FF9DAFE5401EA" box="[285,457,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Hiep HLF 203</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B83D3F9DBFE6301EA" bold="true" box="[481,510,1648,1674]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">10</emphasis>
. Broken dried fruit, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B81BBF9DBFC4D01EA" bold="true" box="[905,976,1648,1675]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">11–15</emphasis>
. Broken endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B868AF9DBFB4F01EA" bold="true" box="[1208,1234,1648,1674]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">11</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing the reticulation and roughness.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B8099F938FD5501CD" bold="true" box="[683,712,1683,1709]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">12</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing a keel surrounding the endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B828FF91CFF4701B1" bold="true" box="[189,218,1719,1745]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">13</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view (arrow = horn-like protrusion).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B8145F91CFC0901B1" bold="true" box="[887,916,1719,1745]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">14</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B8675F91CFBF901B1" bold="true" box="[1095,1124,1719,1745]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">15</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B8739F91CFAB501B1" bold="true" box="[1291,1320,1719,1745]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">16</emphasis>
. SEM image of the vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall (arrow).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B861BF971FBDB0194" bold="true" box="[1065,1094,1754,1780]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">17</emphasis>
. SEM image of a ridge in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B83A9F956FE250077" bold="true" box="[411,440,1789,1815]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">18</emphasis>
. SEM image of the papillae on the locule surface. –
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B8624F956FBC20077" bold="true" box="[1046,1119,1789,1815]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">19–27</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFBFC37B865FF956FAEA0077" authority="Sleumer" authorityName="Sleumer" authorityYear="1940" box="[1133,1399,1789,1815]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Iodes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perrieri">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B865FF956FA930077" box="[1133,1294,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Iodes perrieri</emphasis>
Sleumer
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B82F5F88AFD9B005A" box="[199,518,1824,1850]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Perrier de la Bâthie 17843</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B802DF88BFDA1005A" bold="true" box="[543,572,1824,1850]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">19</emphasis>
. Dried fruit, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B8143F88BFC27005A" bold="true" box="[881,954,1824,1851]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">20–24</emphasis>
. Endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B8678F88BFBFA005A" bold="true" box="[1098,1127,1824,1850]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">20</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing a reticulate pattern of faintly marked ridges.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B80E8F8E8FD6A003D" bold="true" box="[730,759,1859,1885]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">21</emphasis>
. Dorsal view of endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B8670F8E8FBC2003D" bold="true" box="[1090,1119,1859,1885]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">22</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B828FF8CCFF4700E1" bold="true" box="[189,218,1895,1921]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">23</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B83B9F8CCFE3500E1" bold="true" box="[395,424,1895,1921]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">24</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B807FF8CCFDF700E1" bold="true" box="[589,618,1895,1921]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">25</emphasis>
. SEM image of a ridge and endocarp wall in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B828FF821FF4700C4" bold="true" box="[189,218,1930,1956]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">26</emphasis>
. Detail showing the endocarp cells in the upper part.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFBFC37B8153F821FCE300C4" bold="true" box="[865,894,1930,1956]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">27</emphasis>
. SEM image of the papillae on the locule surface. Images taken from Del Rio (2018). Scale bars: 1–6, 10–15, 19–24 = 10 mm; 16 = 1 mm; 7–8, 17, 25 = 500 μm; 26 = 200 μm; 9, 18, 27 = 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6BD56616FFB0C374828FF87AFDF2008B" box="[189,623,2001,2027]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB0C374828FF87AFDF2008B" blockId="40.[189,623,2001,2027]" box="[189,623,2001,2027]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB0C374828FF87AFE84008B" bold="true" box="[189,281,2001,2027]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 14.</emphasis>
(see full caption on page 40)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB1C37582D8FEA0FE3B0645" blockId="41.[189,1398,267,365]" box="[234,422,267,293]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C37582D8FEA0FE3B0645" bold="true" box="[234,422,267,293]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB1C375828FFE84FB11060D" blockId="41.[189,1398,267,365]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFB1C375828FFE84FC730629" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302443" box="[189,1006,302,329]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="J. Leandri" country="Madagascar" location="MADAGASCAR" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04472110" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFB1C375828FFE84FE130629" box="[189,398,303,329]" name="Madagascar" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
• 1932;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C37583CCFE84FD2E0628" box="[510,691,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFB1C37583CCFE84FDE10628" box="[510,636,302,328]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">J. Leandri</collectorName>
468
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFB1C37580F5FE84FD4A0629" box="[711,727,303,329]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFB1C37580ECFE84FC790629" box="[734,996,303,329]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MNHN-P-P04472110</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFB1C375863DFE85FE79060D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302377" collectionCode="P" collectorName="C. C. H. Jongkind" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P05279694" specimenCount="1">
1996;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C375866CFE84FAF20629" box="[1118,1391,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFB1C375866CFE84FAB50628" box="[1118,1320,302,329]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C.C.H. Jongkind</collectorName>
3385
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFB1C375828FFEF8FF50060D" box="[189,205,339,365]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFB1C37582E1FEF8FE47060D" box="[211,474,338,365]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MNHN-P-P05279694</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFB1C37583CFFEF9FB11060D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302435" box="[509,1164,338,365]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="C. C. H. Jongkind" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P05274867" specimenCount="1">
1997;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C3758075FEF8FCD2060C" box="[583,847,338,365]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFB1C3758075FEF8FC90060C" box="[583,781,338,365]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">C.C.H. Jongkind</collectorName>
3696
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFB1C375816CFEF8FCF3060D" box="[862,878,339,365]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFB1C3758146FEF8FBE6060D" box="[884,1147,338,365]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">MNHN-P-P05274867</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFB1C375828FFE3FFAB10355" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB1C375828FFE3FFED306CE" blockId="41.[189,334,404,430]" box="[189,334,404,430]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
<heading id="645D81F2FFB1C375828FFE3FFED306CE" bold="true" box="[189,334,404,430]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFB1C375828FFE3FFED306CE" bold="true" box="[189,334,404,430]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB1C375828FFE6FFB740545" blockId="41.[189,1399,451,549]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
FRUIT. Globose, brown when mature. Epicarp strigose, with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation, finely ridged when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB1C375828FFDA1FEDF0545" box="[189,322,522,549]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.95" metricValueMax="11.1" metricValueMin="8.8" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="99.5" valueMax="111.0" valueMin="88.0">88–111 µm</quantity>
thick when dry. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB1C3758052FDA1FD7C0545" box="[608,737,522,549]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="11.0">11–17 mm</quantity>
, width 11.3–15.0 mm, thickness
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB1C3758651FDA1FB790545" box="[1123,1252,522,549]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFB1C375828FFDE7FAB10355" blockId="41.[189,1399,588,1078]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">
ENDOCARP. Cream, globose in lateral view and transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB1C375861EFDE7FB080507" box="[1068,1173,588,615]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.5 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB1C375873AFDE7FAEF0507" box="[1288,1394,588,615]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="10.9">10.9 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB1C3758367FDDBFE2E05EA" box="[341,435,624,650]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="9.2">9.2 mm</quantity>
. Keel thin and delicate, surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry, with the thicker margin containing the primary vascular bundle embedded within the endocarp wall. Apex slightly asymmetrical; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp ridged with two
<typeStatus id="E011883CFFB1C375870BFD1CFAEA05B1" box="[1337,1399,695,721]" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">types</typeStatus>
of ridges. The primary ridges comprise three main longitudinal ridges, two of them spanning from the apex to the base. Primary ridges thin, rounded and forming a sparse diffuse pattern. Secondary ridges thin and sharp, delimiting a dense reticulum enclosing numerous areoles. Endocarp possessing a symmetrical pair of pores positioned eccentrically and subapically on the endocarp faces. Vasculature of the endocarp resting on ridges. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB1C37580D7FCC2FCE104E3" box="[741,892,873,899]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.275" metricValueMax="3.38" metricValueMin="3.17" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="327.5" valueMax="338.0" valueMin="317.0">317–338 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges (
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB1C37586A9FCC2FAA904E3" box="[1179,1332,873,899]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8299999999999996" metricValueMax="4.26" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="383.0" valueMax="426.0" valueMin="340.0">340–426 µm</quantity>
thick including ridges). Endocarp wall with three cell layers: outermost layer with 3–11 rows of isodiametric to anticlinally oriented cells, cells 23.7–44.0 µm in width, followed by a layer with 3–9 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB1C3758391FC7FFD86048E" box="[419,539,980,1006]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="20.0">20–27 µm</quantity>
in width, innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB1C375828FFC5CFEA50372" box="[189,312,1015,1042]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="12.0">12–18 µm</quantity>
in width, covering the inner endocarp surface with regularly spaced and rounded papillae; papillae 12.3–18.0 µm (av.
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB1C37583CDFBB0FDFE0355" box="[511,611,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="14.9">14.9 µm</quantity>
) in diameter, ca 448 papillae per
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFB1C37581D9FBB0FBCE0355" box="[1003,1107,1051,1078]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
<superScript id="C8DF9BD6FFB1C3758661FBB2FBC10347" attach="left" box="[1107,1116,1049,1063]" fontSize="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="42">2</superScript>
. Locule lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

225
data/B7/03/87/B7038788FFC1C30783C6FC36FBF30592.xml Normal file
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<mods:title id="D9508334BB1F8C134CFED6F3EDF76E1E">Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="16E069E08AC28BC2643114ECCDD7E487">Rio, Cédric Del</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="86D8FEDE4A1D19986400E555B94DD738" type="personal">
<mods:role id="55D6DE26E740743E996AF469377E454A">
<mods:roleTerm id="8C86813BDBEF5EAD210C7D3452CF2C25">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DC5AF7B79322973E72FCFE257A1B7DA9">Stull, Gregory W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="EA962C97D9CCA957B0AEAEBF9813C7FD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4485CFB0CC8E7FB89EFA2D38C35B6EEE">
<mods:roleTerm id="158BED535136E634E7A9CC0469D480B0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="472DBC4C6C2671F8812609D5EED3BC52">Franceschi, Dario De</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="EA5230D5EAF7579D8652E88D3138343C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="A84A7133EEF48EA55B910A2353A8137A" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="81625EFFDB514230B987B48A6E5C70C5">
<mods:title id="4E1206660C22F700192D20008745C670">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="4F10EAD38488FF13081CBD694A7B9AB8">
<mods:date id="97CBD6D37390CB731F52749F82302025">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="46200B3208BB6D01B1B734C43AA719EB" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="494F678992331D59CB359313D3E41C7B">2020-05-14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F17C6CCB4812F915C4269EBD000F56C6" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A043C89179532D0E805A82BBD2CA6CCA">645</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="BA2C6E200843B85F6C2308BC92E79072" unit="page">
<mods:start id="6806207145958D486CF1928BF547F1EF">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="CE79B6BC42674B3B4694A98FC4D4D502">130</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="214E5348A2DD04AC692BD647C0D014DF">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5F473A82D425836BB7380BEEA7F8A4AB" type="CLB-Dataset">22093</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="927FF6994A0146AA96879694FC28A6B8" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2020.645</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="28A7FA2A113205F389C92466078F08FB" type="GBIF-Dataset">1cd473d9-9d96-438f-bab4-29c5e56f82b8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="55B002B39556DCA2A40F34F5119A3163" type="Zenodo-Dep">3829651</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="B7038788FFC1C30783C6FC36FBF30592" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3848577" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164160277" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3848577" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFC1C30783C6FC36FBF30592" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B7038788FFC1C30783C6FC36FBF30592" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFC1C30583C6FC36FCE304BC" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC1C30583C6FC36FBA204D7" blockId="89.[500,1087,925,988]" box="[500,1087,925,952]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<heading id="645D81F2FFC1C30583C6FC36FBA204D7" box="[500,1087,925,952]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFC1C30583C6FC36FBA204D7" ID-CoL="4QR8R" authority="(Engl.) Byng &amp; Utteridge" authorityName="Byng &amp; Utteridge (R. P. Klaine" authorityYear="1469" baseAuthorityName="Engl." box="[500,1087,925,952]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="soyauxii">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30583C6FC36FC9704D7" bold="true" box="[500,778,925,952]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Pyrenacantha soyauxii</emphasis>
(Engl.) Byng &amp; Utteridge
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC1C3058087FC69FCE304BC" blockId="89.[500,1087,925,988]" box="[693,894,962,988]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 29.10–29.18</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFC1C305828FFBAEFC100314" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC1C305828FFBAEFE37037F" blockId="89.[189,426,1029,1055]" box="[189,426,1029,1055]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<heading id="645D81F2FFC1C305828FFBAEFE37037F" bold="true" box="[189,426,1029,1055]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C305828FFBAEFE37037F" bold="true" box="[189,426,1029,1055]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC1C30582D8FB9EFCCA032F" blockId="89.[189,909,1077,1140]" box="[234,855,1077,1103]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30582D8FB9EFCCA032F" bold="true" box="[234,855,1077,1103]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC1C305828FFBF1FC100314" blockId="89.[189,909,1077,1140]" box="[189,909,1113,1140]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFC1C305828FFBF1FC100314" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302413" box="[189,909,1113,1140]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="R. P. Klaine" country="Gabon" location="GABON" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04494736" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFC1C305828FFBF1FEB80314" box="[189,293,1114,1140]" name="Gabon" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">GABON</collectingCountry>
• 1899;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30583BAFBF1FDD20314" box="[392,591,1114,1140]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFC1C30583BAFBF1FD910314" box="[392,524,1114,1140]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">R.P. Klaine</collectorName>
1469
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFC1C305806CFBF1FDF30314" box="[606,622,1114,1140]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFC1C3058047FBF1FCE60314" box="[629,891,1114,1140]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">MNHN-P-P04494736</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFC1C307828FFB36FBF30592" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC1C305828FFB36FED303D7" blockId="89.[189,334,1181,1207]" box="[189,334,1181,1207]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<heading id="645D81F2FFC1C305828FFB36FED303D7" bold="true" box="[189,334,1181,1207]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C305828FFB36FED303D7" bold="true" box="[189,334,1181,1207]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC1C305828FFB66FE480235" blockId="89.[189,1399,1229,1365]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
FRUIT. Elliptical, accrescent at the apex and forming an inflated cap (representing about half of the length). Epicarp pilose, with yellow long and thin hair. Mesocarp ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC1C3058630FB5AFBFC026C" box="[1026,1121,1265,1292]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
thick when dry. Calyx persistent, separated from the fruit by a short gynophore. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC1C30581EDFABDFBF80251" box="[991,1125,1302,1329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="41.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="33.0">33–50 mm</quantity>
, width 11.2–26.0 mm, thickness 8.6–12.0 mm.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6BD56616FFC1C305828FFA34FAEA008D" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC1C305828FFA34FAEA008D" blockId="89.[189,1399,1439,2029]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C305828FFA34FE8302D9" bold="true" box="[189,286,1439,1465]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 29.</emphasis>
Fruits of
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFC1C30583ADFA34FD1D02D9" authority="Miers." authorityName="Miers." box="[415,640,1439,1465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Icacinaceae Miers.</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30580BEFA34FD2402D9" bold="true" box="[652,697,1439,1465]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">1–9</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFC1C30580FEFA34FE0202BF" authority="Labat, El-Achkar &amp; R. Rabev. (F. Barthelat 1764)" authorityName="Labat, El-Achkar &amp; R. Rabev. (F. Barthelat" authorityYear="1764" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rakotozafyi">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30580FEFA34FC6202D9" box="[716,1023,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Pyrenacantha rakotozafyi</emphasis>
Labat, El-Achkar &amp; R.Rabev. (
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30582F5FA6EFE0902BE" box="[199,404,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">F. Barthelat 1764</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C3058399FA6FFE2702BE" bold="true" box="[427,442,1476,1502]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">1</emphasis>
. Dried fruit, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30580DAFA6FFC8902BE" bold="true" box="[744,788,1476,1503]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">2–6</emphasis>
. Broken endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30581CBFA6FFB9502BE" bold="true" box="[1017,1032,1476,1502]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">2</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing the pits.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C305828FFA41FF510164" bold="true" box="[189,204,1514,1540]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">3</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing the keel.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C3058074FA41FDC80164" bold="true" box="[582,597,1514,1540]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">4</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C3058159FA41FCE70164" bold="true" box="[875,890,1514,1540]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">5</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C3058610FA41FBAC0164" bold="true" box="[1058,1073,1514,1540]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">6</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30586FCFA41FB400164" bold="true" box="[1230,1245,1514,1540]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">7</emphasis>
. SEM image of the endocarp in transverse section showing peg-shaped tubercles.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C3058634F9A4FB880149" bold="true" box="[1030,1045,1551,1577]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">8</emphasis>
. Detail showing the tubercle base and endocarp cells in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30580DCF99EFD60012F" bold="true" box="[750,765,1589,1615]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">9</emphasis>
. SEM image of the uncinate hairs on the epicarp. –
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C305828FF9F0FE9B0115" bold="true" box="[189,262,1627,1653]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">10–18</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFC1C305832BF9F1FBC30115" authority="(Engl.) Byng &amp; Utteridge (R. P. Klaine 1469)" authorityName="Byng &amp; Utteridge (R. P. Klaine" authorityYear="1469" baseAuthorityName="Engl." box="[281,1118,1626,1653]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="soyauxii">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C305832BF9F1FDB70114" box="[281,554,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Pyrenacantha soyauxii</emphasis>
(Engl.) Byng &amp; Utteridge (
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30581B1F9F0FBCF0114" box="[899,1106,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">R.P. Klaine 1469</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C305865CF9F0FB160115" bold="true" box="[1134,1163,1627,1653]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">10</emphasis>
. Dried fruit with a short gynophore (broken here) and an inflated cap at the apex, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C305867EF92BFB0E01FA" bold="true" box="[1100,1171,1664,1691]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">11–15</emphasis>
. Broken endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C305828FF90DFF4A01A0" bold="true" box="[189,215,1702,1728]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">11</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing the pits and ridges.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30580D7F90DFC9F01A0" bold="true" box="[741,770,1702,1728]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">12</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing the keel.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30586B9F90DFB3501A0" bold="true" box="[1163,1192,1702,1728]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">13</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C3058330F960FE820185" bold="true" box="[258,287,1739,1765]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">14</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30583F4F960FE7E0185" bold="true" box="[454,483,1739,1765]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">15</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C305804CF960FD060185" bold="true" box="[638,667,1739,1765]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">16</emphasis>
. SEM image of an elongate-flattened tubercle.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30586F3F960FB430185" bold="true" box="[1217,1246,1739,1765]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">17</emphasis>
. SEM image of an elongate-flattened tubercle in its longitudinal section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30581A2F95AFC30006B" bold="true" box="[912,941,1777,1803]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">18</emphasis>
. Detail showing the endocarp wall in transverse section. –
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C3058384F8BDFE620050" bold="true" box="[438,511,1814,1841]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">19–27</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFC1C305803DF8BDFB2A0051" authority="(Engl.) Engl. (R. P. Tisserant 1737)" authorityName="Engl. (R. P. Tisserant" authorityYear="1737" baseAuthorityName="Engl." box="[527,1207,1814,1841]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="staudtii">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C305803DF8BDFC8F0050" box="[527,786,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Pyrenacantha staudtii</emphasis>
(Engl.) Engl. (
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30581F4F8BCFB310050" box="[966,1196,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">R.P. Tisserant 1737</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30586F7F8BDFB7F0050" bold="true" box="[1221,1250,1814,1840]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">19</emphasis>
. Dried fruit, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C3058364F897FE020036" bold="true" box="[342,415,1852,1878]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">19–24</emphasis>
. Endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C305801DF897FDD10036" bold="true" box="[559,588,1852,1878]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">20</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing the pits and ridges.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C305867CF897FBF60036" bold="true" box="[1102,1131,1852,1878]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">21</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing the keel.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C3058314F8CAFEDE001B" bold="true" box="[294,323,1889,1915]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">22</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C3058067F8CAFDEF001B" bold="true" box="[597,626,1889,1915]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">23</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C305812AF8CAFCA8001B" bold="true" box="[792,821,1889,1915]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">24</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C30581FDF8CAFC71001B" bold="true" box="[975,1004,1889,1915]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">25</emphasis>
. SEM image of fruit in transverse section showing the cylindrical tubercles.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C305809EF82CFD5400C1" bold="true" box="[684,713,1927,1953]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">26</emphasis>
. Detail of a tubercle base and endocarp cells in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C305832DF807FEA100A6" bold="true" box="[287,316,1964,1990]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">27</emphasis>
. SEM image of the capitate tubercle apices. Images taken from Del Rio (2018). Scale bars: 1–6, 10–15, 19–24 = 10 mm; 25 = 2 mm; 7 = 1 mm; 16–18, 26–27 = 500 μm; 8 = 300 μm; 9 = 100 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6BD56616FFC2C306828FF87BFDF2008B" box="[189,623,2000,2027]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC2C306828FF87BFDF2008B" blockId="90.[189,623,2000,2027]" box="[189,623,2000,2027]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC2C306828FF87BFE84008A" bold="true" box="[189,281,2000,2026]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fig. 29.</emphasis>
(see full caption on page 90)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC3C307828FFEA7FBF30592" blockId="91.[189,1399,267,755]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
ENDOCARP. Cream, obovoid in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC3C30786ACFEA0FA940646" box="[1182,1289,267,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="18.5">18.5 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC3C307828FFE84FEB70629" box="[189,298,303,330]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="10.5">10.5 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC3C30783FDFE84FD8A0629" box="[463,535,303,329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex truncate and slightly asymmetrical, with protuberance; base rounded almost acute, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Pits primarily elongate, arranged in longitudinal lines with 10–11 pits longitudinally and 8–9 pits transversally (ca 60–70 pits per face). Pits associated with elongate-flattened tubercles protruding into the locule; tubercles
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC3C30780D5FE17FCE206B7" box="[743,895,444,471]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.68" metricValueMax="8.129999999999999" metricValueMin="5.2299999999999995" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="668.0" valueMax="813.0" valueMin="523.0">523–813 µm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC3C307861DFE17FB5506B7" box="[1071,1224,444,471]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.025" metricValueMax="6.51" metricValueMin="5.54" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="602.5" valueMax="651.0" valueMin="554.0">554–651 µm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, with 25–26 cells in width. Tubercle cells sclerotic, digitate and not elongate, more or less anticlinal-isodiametric. Ridges rounded, thin, delimiting a dense reticulum enclosing all pits in an areole. Endocarp wall ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC3C30783DBFD8CFDD80521" box="[489,581,551,577]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" unit="mm" value="400.0">400 µm</quantity>
thick (excluding pits). Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with three cell layers: outermost layer with 4–6 rows of anticlinally oriented to isodiametric cells, cells 20.5–37.0 µm in length, followed by a layer with 11–13 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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. Locule not lacunate.
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145
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC3C3078066F8B2FCEF0054" bold="true" box="[596,882,1817,1844]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Pyrenacantha sylvestris</emphasis>
S.Moore
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC3C307828FF8D4FE3700F9" bold="true" box="[189,426,1919,1945]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC3C30782D8F806FCCA00A7" bold="true" box="[234,855,1965,1992]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
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• 1964;
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3598
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;
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[
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• 1979;
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2002
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC4C300828FFEDBFED306EA" bold="true" box="[189,334,368,394]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Description</emphasis>
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FRUIT. Elliptical, acuminate and accrescent at the apex, brown when mature. Epicarp puberulent, with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation and yellow-red uncinate hairs, shriveled when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp
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thick when dry. Calyx persistent. Length 10.2–12.0 mm, width 8.5–12.0 mm, thickness
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.
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ENDOCARP. Brown, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Sharp keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex slightly asymmetrical and acute in lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Pits elongate and thin, ca
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in length, randomly arranged with 6–7 pits longitudinally and 5–8 pits transversally (ca 44–54 pits per face). Pits associated with cylindrical tubercles protruding into the locule; tubercles ca
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<date id="4B14105EFFC4C30080C9FD57FCE30477" box="[763,894,764,791]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" value="1307" valueMax="1549">1307–1549</date>
µm
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in length and
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in diameter at the base, capitate or bifid at the apex, with ca 28 cells in width. Tubercle cells sclerotic, digitate and elongate. Ridges rounded and thin, more or less diffuse, faintly apparent, with a median ridge running longitudinally from the base up to the apex. Endocarp wall
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thick (excluding pits). Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with three cell layers: outermost layer with 2–3 rows of anticlinally oriented to isodiametric cells, cells
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in length, followed by a layer with 9–10 rows of periclinally oriented thick cells, cells
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in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width, lining the locule surface with inflated to papillate cells. Locule not lacunate.
</paragraph>
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160
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•
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. Tisserant 1737
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FRUIT. Obovoid, slightly accrescent at the apex. Epicarp puberulent, with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation, shriveled when dry. Mesocarp
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thick when dry. Calyx persistent. Length
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, width
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, thickness
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.
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ENDOCARP. Brown, elliptical to obovoid in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Trace of keel present in the upper part. Apex with acute protuberance, asymmetrical in lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Pits primarily elongate, arranged in longitudinal lines with 5–7 pits longitudinally and 7–8 pits transversally (ca 38–43 pits per face). Pits associated with cylindrical tubercles protruding into the locule; tubercles ca
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in length and
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in diameter at the base, capitate at the apex, with ca 30 cells in width. Tubercle cells sclerotic, digitate and elongate. Ridges rounded and large, delimiting a dense reticulum enclosing all pits in an areole. Endocarp wall
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thick (excluding pits). Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with two cell layers: outermost layer with 12 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells 7.3–9.0 µm in width, lining the locule surface. Locule not lacunate.
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166
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<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFC4C30083E9FBF2FBC40313" ID-CoL="4QR8V" authority="(Bail.) Byng &amp; Utteridge" authorityName="Byng &amp; Utteridge (M. Le Testu" authorityYear="1038" baseAuthorityName="Bail." box="[475,1113,1113,1140]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="thomsoniana">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC4C30083E9FBF2FCB70314" bold="true" box="[475,810,1113,1140]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Pyrenacantha thomsoniana</emphasis>
(Bail.) Byng &amp; Utteridge
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC4C3008087FBD7FCE303F7" blockId="92.[475,1113,1113,1175]" box="[693,894,1148,1175]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Fig. 30.10–30.18</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFC4C301828FFB15FDC506B9" lastPageId="93" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC4C300828FFB15FE3703B8" blockId="92.[189,426,1214,1240]" box="[189,426,1214,1240]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<heading id="645D81F2FFC4C300828FFB15FE3703B8" bold="true" box="[189,426,1214,1240]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC4C300828FFB15FE3703B8" bold="true" box="[189,426,1214,1240]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC4C30082D8FB46FCCA0267" blockId="92.[189,913,1261,1323]" box="[234,855,1261,1287]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC4C30082D8FB46FCCA0267" bold="true" box="[234,855,1261,1287]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC4C300828FFABAFC0C024B" blockId="92.[189,913,1261,1323]" box="[189,913,1296,1323]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFC4C300828FFABAFC0C024B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302315" box="[189,913,1296,1323]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="M. Le Testu" country="Gabon" location="GABON" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04494723" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFC4C300828FFABAFEB8024B" box="[189,293,1297,1323]" name="Gabon" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">GABON</collectingCountry>
• 1907;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC4C30083BAFABAFDCE024A" box="[392,595,1296,1322]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFC4C30083BAFABAFD8C024A" box="[392,529,1297,1322]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">M. Le Testu</collectorName>
1038
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFC4C3008050FABAFDEF024B" box="[610,626,1297,1323]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFC4C300804BFABAFC1D024B" box="[633,896,1297,1323]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">MNHN-P-P04494723</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC4C30082D8FAF9FE3B020C" blockId="92.[189,1398,1362,1460]" box="[234,422,1362,1388]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC4C30082D8FAF9FE3B020C" bold="true" box="[234,422,1362,1388]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC4C300828FFADDFC1902D3" blockId="92.[189,1398,1362,1460]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFC4C300828FFADDFAFF02F0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302374" box="[189,1378,1397,1424]" collectingDate="1947-12-10" collectionCode="P" country="Central African Republic" location="Boukoko" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFC4C300828FFADDFDFB02F0" box="[189,614,1398,1424]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC</collectingCountry>
•
<location id="3A756045FFC4C30080B7FADEFD6902EF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFC4C30183E9FBF2FDC506B9:3A756045FFC4C30080B7FADEFD6902EF" box="[645,756,1397,1423]" country="Central African Republic" name="Boukoko" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Boukoko</location>
;
<date id="4B14105EFFC4C3008136FADDFC3602F0" box="[772,939,1398,1424]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" value="1947-12-10">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFC4C3008136FADDFC3602F0" box="[772,939,1398,1424]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" value="1947-12-10">10 Dec. 1947</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC4C3008189FADDFBB502F0" box="[955,1064,1398,1424]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Equipe?</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFC4C3008608FADDFBD702F0" box="[1082,1098,1398,1424]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P04494725]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFC4C300828FFA32FCE002D3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302314" box="[189,893,1432,1460]" collectingDate="1949-01-27" collectionCode="P" country="Central African Republic" location="Boukoko" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" specimenCount="1">
<location id="3A756045FFC4C300828FFA32FEB102D3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFC4C30183E9FBF2FDC506B9:3A756045FFC4C300828FFA32FEB102D3" box="[189,300,1433,1459]" country="Central African Republic" name="Boukoko" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Boukoko</location>
;
<date id="4B14105EFFC4C300830AFA32FE4D02D3" box="[312,464,1433,1460]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" value="1949-01-27">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFC4C300830AFA32FE4D02D3" box="[312,464,1433,1460]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" value="1949-01-27">27 Jan. 1949</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC4C30083EFFA31FDDB02D3" box="[477,582,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Equipe?</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFC4C3008067FA31FDF802D4" box="[597,613,1434,1460]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P04494720]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC4C300828FFA70FAEB0143" blockId="92.[189,334,1499,1522]" box="[189,1398,1499,1572]" lastBlockId="92.[189,1398,1544,1643]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC4C300828FFA70FED30295" bold="true" box="[189,334,1499,1525]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Description</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFC4C300828FF9A1FE980144" box="[189,261,1546,1572]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">FRUIT</collectionCode>
. Elliptical, accrescent elongate at the apex (representing 4∕5 of the fruit length). Epicarp pilose,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC4C300828FF986FB1C010B" blockId="92.[189,1398,1544,1643]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">
with yellow long and thin hairs. Mesocarp thin when dry. Calyx persistent, separated from the fruit by an elongate gynophore. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC4C3008003F9FBFD2E010B" box="[561,691,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="62.5" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="45.0">45–80 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC4C300813AF9FBFC17010B" box="[776,906,1616,1643]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="14.0">14–18 mm</quantity>
, thickness
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.
</paragraph>
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ENDOCARP. Brown, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC4C3008689F939FABA01CC" box="[1211,1319,1682,1708]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="14.8">14.8 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC4C30082D0F91EFECC01B0" box="[226,337,1717,1744]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.5 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC4C30083CDF91EFDFD01B0" box="[511,608,1717,1744]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="6.8">6.8 mm</quantity>
. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex slightly asymmetrical in lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Pits circular, occasionally elongate,
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC4C30080C3F957FCE20077" box="[753,895,1788,1815]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="0.44999999999999996" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.6 mm</quantity>
in diameter, randomly arranged with 7–12 pits longitudinally and 9–11 pits transversally (ca 74–83 pits per face). Pits associated with elongateflattened tubercles protruding into the locule; tubercles
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC4C300815DF8E8FB96003E" box="[879,1035,1859,1886]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.975" metricValueMax="7.609999999999999" metricValueMin="6.34" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="697.5" valueMax="761.0" valueMin="634.0">634–761 µm</quantity>
in length and ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC4C30086C3F8E8FACE003E" box="[1265,1363,1859,1886]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="670.0">670 µm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, with ca 20 cells in width. Tubercle cells sclerotic, digitate and not elongate, more or less anticlinal-isodiametric. Ridges rounded and thin, with 5–6 ridges longitudinally; the median ridge runs from the base up to the apex. Ridges delimiting a reticulate pattern enclosing 5–7 areoles. Secondary ridges delimiting small areoles more or less enclosing each pit. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC4C30086D2F87AFAEA008B" box="[1248,1399,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.045" metricValueMax="4.33" metricValueMin="3.76" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="404.5" valueMax="433.0" valueMin="376.0">376–433 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges (
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC5C30183E0FEA0FDF60646" box="[466,619,267,294]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.55" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="5.2" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="555.0" valueMax="590.0" valueMin="520.0">520–590 µm</quantity>
thick including ridges). Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with three cell layers: outermost layer with 3–6 rows of anticlinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC5C301866AFE84FB63062A" box="[1112,1278,303,330]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" metricValueMax="3.53" metricValueMin="1.19" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="23.599999999999998" valueMax="35.3" valueMin="11.9">11.9–35.3 µm</quantity>
in length, followed by a layer with 5–9 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC5C30181C0FEF8FB15060E" box="[1010,1160,339,366]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.415" metricValueMax="1.86" metricValueMin="0.97" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="14.15" valueMax="18.6" valueMin="9.7">9.7–18.6 µm</quantity>
in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC5C301811EFEDCFC2F06F2" box="[812,946,375,402]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" metricValueMax="9.9" metricValueMin="6.9" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="8.4" valueMax="9.9" valueMin="6.9">6.9–9.9 µm</quantity>
in width, lining the locule surface with regularly spaced and rounded papillae; papillae
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC5C30180D9FE30FC1D06D6" box="[747,896,411,438]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.149999999999999" metricValueMax="11.2" metricValueMin="7.1" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="9.149999999999999" valueMax="11.2" valueMin="7.1">7.1–11.2 µm</quantity>
(av.
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC5C301818AFE30FB9106D6" box="[952,1036,411,438]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="9.1">9.1 µm</quantity>
) in diameter, 650–920 papillae per
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC5C30182D8FE14FECF06BA" box="[234,338,447,474]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
<superScript id="C8DF9BD6FFC5C3018360FE16FEC606AB" attach="left" box="[338,347,445,459]" fontSize="6" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">2</superScript>
. Locule not lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

145
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<heading id="645D81F2FFC5C30183E3FDAAFBFE057B" box="[465,1123,513,540]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFC5C30183E3FDAAFBFE057B" ID-CoL="4QR8W" authority="Labat, El-Achkar &amp; R. Rabev." authorityName="Labat, El-Achkar &amp; R. Rabev. (H. Perrier de la Bathie" authorityYear="1746" box="[465,1123,513,540]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tropophila">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC5C30183E3FDAAFC9D057C" bold="true" box="[465,768,513,540]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Pyrenacantha tropophila</emphasis>
Labat, El-Achkar &amp; R.Rabev.
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC5C3018087FD8EFCE3055F" blockId="93.[465,1123,513,575]" box="[693,894,549,575]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Fig. 30.19–30.26</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<heading id="645D81F2FFC5C301828FFDCCFE3705E1" bold="true" box="[189,426,615,641]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC5C301828FFDCCFE3705E1" bold="true" box="[189,426,615,641]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC5C30182D8FD3DFCCA05D0" bold="true" box="[234,855,662,689]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC5C301828FFD10FB1D05B5" blockId="93.[189,1152,662,725]" box="[189,1152,698,725]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFC5C301828FFD10FE1305B5" box="[189,398,699,725]" name="Madagascar" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
• 1904;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC5C30183C3FD10FCDF05B4" box="[497,834,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFC5C30183C3FD10FC9D05B4" box="[497,768,698,724]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">H. Perrier de la Bâthie</collectorName>
1746
</emphasis>
;
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[
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].
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC5C30182D8FD56FE3B0477" bold="true" box="[234,422,765,791]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC5C301828FFC8AFBF3045B" blockId="93.[189,1134,765,827]" box="[189,1134,800,827]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFC5C301828FFC8AFBF3045B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302410" box="[189,1134,800,827]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="H. Perrier de la Bathie" country="Madagascar" location="MADAGASCAR" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P00440610" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFC5C301828FFC8AFE13045B" box="[189,398,801,827]" name="Madagascar" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
• s.d.;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC5C30183EDFC8AFCAD045A" box="[479,816,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFC5C30183EDFC8AFD73045A" box="[479,750,800,826]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">H. Perrier de la Bâthie</collectorName>
1621
</emphasis>
;
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[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFC5C3018164FC8AFBC0045A" box="[854,1117,800,827]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">MNHN-P-P00440610</specimenCode>
].
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFC5C303828FFCC8FDE106D5" lastPageId="95" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC5C301828FFCC8FED3041D" blockId="93.[189,334,867,893]" box="[189,334,867,893]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<heading id="645D81F2FFC5C301828FFCC8FED3041D" bold="true" box="[189,334,867,893]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC5C301828FFCC8FED3041D" bold="true" box="[189,334,867,893]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC5C301828FFC39FCEB0494" blockId="93.[189,1399,914,1013]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
FRUIT. Elliptical to globose, accrescent at the apex, brown-orange when mature. Epicarp puberulent with yellow long and thin hairs and yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation, shriveled when dry. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC5C3018325FC71FE040494" box="[279,409,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="28.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="25.0">25–32 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC5C30183DDFC71FDED0494" box="[495,624,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="17.0">17–25 mm</quantity>
, thickness
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC5C30180C2FC71FCEF0494" box="[752,882,986,1012]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="17.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="16.0">16–18 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
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ENDOCARP. Brown, elliptical to ovoid in lateral view, globose in transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC5C3018729FBB7FAEE0356" box="[1307,1395,1052,1078]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC5C3018300FBEBFE3F033A" box="[306,418,1088,1114]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="14.1">14.1 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC5C3018060FBEBFD31033A" box="[594,684,1088,1114]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
. Trace of keel present in the upper part. Apex with acute protuberance, asymmetrical in lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted. Pits circular, occasionally elongate longitudinally,
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC5C301816BFB23FC7803C2" box="[857,997,1160,1186]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="1.0" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.3 mm</quantity>
in length, randomly arranged with 9–12 pits longitudinally and 8–10 pits transversally (ca 80–93 on each face). Pits associated with spinycylindrical tubercles protruding into the locule; tubercles
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC5C301815EFB7BFBBC038A" box="[876,1057,1232,1258]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.496" metricValueMax="2.702" metricValueMin="2.29" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="2496.0" valueMax="2702.0" valueMin="2290.0">
<date id="4B14105EFFC5C301815EFB7BFC72038A" box="[876,1007,1232,1258]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="2290" valueMax="2702">2290–2702</date>
µm
</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC5C30186E2FB64FAEA038A" box="[1232,1399,1231,1258]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.128" metricValueMax="1.264" metricValueMin="0.992" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="1128.0" valueMax="1264.0" valueMin="992.0">992–1264 µm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, capitate at the apex, with ca 33 cells in width. Tubercle cells sclerotic, digitate and elongate. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC5C3018028FABCFD2C0252" box="[538,689,1303,1330]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.84" metricValueMax="3.94" metricValueMin="3.7399999999999998" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" unit="mm" value="384.0" valueMax="394.0" valueMin="374.0">374–394 µm</quantity>
thick (excluding pits). Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with three cell layers: outermost layer with 2–5 rows of isodiametric to periclinally oriented cells, cells 7.5– 13.0 µm in width, followed by a layer with ca 18 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells 10.8–21.0 µm in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC7C3038628FEF8FB23060E" box="[1050,1214,339,366]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" metricValueMax="1.65" metricValueMin="1.0699999999999998" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="13.6" valueMax="16.5" valueMin="10.7">10.7–16.5 µm</quantity>
in width, lining the locule surface with regularly spaced and rounded papillae; papillae 11.8–27.0 µm (av.
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC7C30386D8FEDCFAD206F2" box="[1258,1359,375,402]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="16.9">16.9 µm</quantity>
) in diameter. Locule surface not lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

149
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<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFC7C3038051FE77FC4C0697" ID-CoL="4QR92" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill. (R. P. Sacleux" authorityYear="1873" box="[611,977,476,503]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vogeliana">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC7C3038051FE77FC140697" bold="true" box="[611,905,476,503]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Pyrenacantha vogeliana</emphasis>
Baill.
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC7C30380F6FDAAFCF2057B" blockId="95.[611,977,476,539]" box="[708,879,513,539]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Fig. 31.1–31.9</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC7C303828FFDE8FE37053D" bold="true" box="[189,426,579,605]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC7C30382D8FDD9FCCA05EC" bold="true" box="[234,855,626,653]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC7C303828FFD3DFB4E05D0" blockId="95.[189,1235,626,689]" box="[189,1235,661,689]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFC7C303828FFD3DFB4E05D0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302378" box="[189,1235,661,689]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="R. P. Sacleux" location="Cote orientale d'Afrique" municipality="Cote orientale d'Afrique" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04472242" specimenCount="1">
AFRICA • “
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FFC7C3038378FD3DFDE905D0" box="[330,628,662,688]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Côte orientale d’Afrique</collectingMunicipality>
”; s.d.;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC7C30380F0FD3CFC0B05D0" box="[706,918,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFC7C30380F0FD3CFCCE05D0" box="[706,851,662,688]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">R.P. Sacleux</collectorName>
1873
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;
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[
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC7C30382D8FD73FE3B0592" bold="true" box="[234,422,728,754]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Other material</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFC7C303828FFD57FC100476" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302373" box="[189,909,763,791]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="R. P. Klaine" country="Gabon" location="GABON" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04472246" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFC7C303828FFD57FEB80476" box="[189,293,764,790]" name="Gabon" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">GABON</collectingCountry>
• 1900;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC7C30383BAFD56FDD20476" box="[392,591,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFC7C30383BAFD56FD910476" box="[392,524,764,790]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">R.P. Klaine</collectorName>
1803
</emphasis>
;
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[
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFC7C303828FFC95FD650218" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" type="description">
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<heading id="645D81F2FFC7C303828FFC95FED30438" bold="true" box="[189,334,830,856]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC7C303828FFC95FED30438" bold="true" box="[189,334,830,856]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC7C303828FFCC5FD1504B0" blockId="95.[189,1398,877,976]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
FRUIT. Elliptical, accrescent at the apex, red when mature. Epicarp strigose, with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation. Mesocarp
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC7C303806EFC3AFD6E04CC" box="[604,755,913,940]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.555" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.41" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="155.5" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="141.0">141–170 µm</quantity>
thick when dry. Calyx persistent. Length ca
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, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC7C303831BFC1EFE1B04B0" box="[297,390,949,976]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="9.2">9.2 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC7C3038015FC1EFD1904B0" box="[551,644,949,976]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="7.2">7.2 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
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ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC7C30386ADFC5CFA940372" box="[1183,1289,1015,1042]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="14.6">14.6 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC7C303828FFBB0FE840356" box="[189,281,1051,1078]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="8.3">8.3 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
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. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex with acute protuberance, asymmetrical in lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Pits exclusively circular,
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC7C3038080FBC8FCA3031D" box="[690,830,1123,1149]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
in diameter, more or less longitudinally arranged with 12–18 pits longitudinally and 13–14 pits transversally (ca 200–210 pits per face). Pits associated with peg-shaped tubercles protruding into the locule; tubercles ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC7C30381D2FB01FB1503A5" box="[992,1160,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.545" metricValueMax="10.57" metricValueMin="8.52" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="954.5" valueMax="1057.0" valueMin="852.0">852–1057 µm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC7C303870EFB00FE810389" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.795" metricValueMax="2.86" metricValueMin="2.73" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="279.5" valueMax="286.0" valueMin="273.0">273– 286 µm</quantity>
in diameter at the base. Endocarp wall
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thick (excluding pits). Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with two cell layers: outermost layer with ca 19 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells 9.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC7C30382C3FABDFEC90251" box="[241,340,1302,1329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.97" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="59.7">59.7 µm</quantity>
in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC7C30386FDFABDFAC50251" box="[1231,1368,1302,1329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="5.7" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="7.1" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="5.7">5.7–8.5 µm</quantity>
in width, lining the locule surface with regularly spaced and rounded papillae; papillae 10.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC7C30386D0FA91FAD90235" box="[1250,1348,1338,1365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.94" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="19.4">19.4 µm</quantity>
(av.
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC7C303828FFAF5FE960218" box="[189,267,1374,1401]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 µm</quantity>
) in diameter. Locule surface not lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

171
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<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFC9C30D807BFE45FC760569" ID-CoL="4QR85" authority="Baill." authorityName="Baill. (A. Gomes e Sousa" authorityYear="1584" box="[585,1003,494,521]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaurabassana">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC9C30D807BFE45FC3E0569" bold="true" box="[585,931,494,521]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Pyrenacantha kaurabassana</emphasis>
Baill.
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC9C30D8087FDBDFCE30550" blockId="81.[585,1003,494,560]" box="[693,894,534,560]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 26.10–26.18</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC9C30D828FFDF7FE370516" bold="true" box="[189,426,604,630]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC9C30D82D8FD25FCCA05C8" bold="true" box="[234,855,654,681]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC9C30D828FFD1DFBA305B0" blockId="81.[189,1086,654,721]" box="[189,1086,693,721]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFC9C30D828FFD1DFBA305B0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302384" box="[189,1086,693,721]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="A. Gomes &amp; Sousa" country="Mozambique" location="MOZAMBIQUE" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04495513" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFC9C30D828FFD1DFE1A05B0" box="[189,391,694,720]" name="Mozambique" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">MOZAMBIQUE</collectingCountry>
• 1933;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC9C30D83D8FD1DFC9D05B0" box="[490,768,694,720]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFC9C30D83D8FD1DFDC105B0" box="[490,604,694,720]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">A. Gomes</collectorName>
e
<collectorName id="925F5348FFC9C30D804AFD1DFD2305B0" box="[632,702,694,720]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Sousa</collectorName>
1584
</emphasis>
;
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[
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].
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC9C30D82D8FD50FE3B0475" blockId="81.[189,1399,763,869]" box="[234,422,763,789]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC9C30D82D8FD50FE3B0475" bold="true" box="[234,422,763,789]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC9C30D828FFC88FD5F0405" blockId="81.[189,1399,763,869]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFC9C30D828FFC88FA90045D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302394" box="[189,1293,802,830]" collectingDate="1888-11" collectionCode="R, P" location="d'Afrique" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pwani">
AFRICA • “
<collectingRegion id="FD6EF87CFFC9C30D8378FC88FE19045D" box="[330,388,803,829]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Côte</collectingRegion>
orientale
<location id="3A756045FFC9C30D83CBFC88FDEE045D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFC9C30D807BFE45FECE012A:3A756045FFC9C30D83CBFC88FDEE045D" box="[505,627,803,829]" name="d'Afrique" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" stateProvince="Pwani">d’Afrique</location>
”;
<date id="4B14105EFFC9C30D80BBFC88FC9B045D" box="[649,774,803,829]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1888-11">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFC9C30D80BBFC88FC9B045D" box="[649,774,803,829]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" value="1888-11">Nov. 1888</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC9C30D8120FC8FFC4B045D" box="[786,982,803,829]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFC9C30D8120FC8FFCBB045D" box="[786,806,804,829]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFC9C30D811BFC8FFCA0045D" box="[809,829,804,829]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
. Sacleux 787
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFC9C30D81D7FC88FC68045D" box="[997,1013,803,829]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P04495512]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFC9C30D8717FC88FD210405" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302397" collectionCode="P" location="Orege" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pwani">
“Cap”; s.d.;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC9C30D82C7FCE0FE190404" box="[245,388,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<location id="3A756045FFC9C30D82C7FCE0FEA30405" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7038788FFC9C30D807BFE45FECE012A:3A756045FFC9C30D82C7FCE0FEA30405" box="[245,318,843,869]" name="Orege" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" stateProvince="Pwani">Orège</location>
? s.n.
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFC9C30D83A6FCE0FE390405" box="[404,420,843,869]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P04495509]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFC9C30D828FFC3BFECE012A" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="description">
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<heading id="645D81F2FFC9C30D828FFC3BFED304CA" bold="true" box="[189,334,912,938]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC9C30D828FFC3BFED304CA" bold="true" box="[189,334,912,938]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC9C30D828FFC68FBF0034C" blockId="81.[189,1399,962,1068]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
FRUIT. Elliptical, accrescent at the apex. Epicarp strigose, with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation. Mesocarp
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thick when dry. Calyx persistent, separated from the fruit by an elongated gynophore. Length
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, width 8.0–
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, thickness
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC9C30D828FFBFCFECE012A" blockId="81.[189,1399,1111,1610]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC9C30D86ADFBFCFA940312" box="[1183,1289,1111,1138]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="14.4">14.4 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC9C30D828FFBD5FE8703F9" box="[189,282,1150,1177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="8.2">8.2 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC9C30D838FFBD5FD9903F9" box="[445,516,1150,1177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex with acute protuberance, asymmetrical in lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Pits exclusively circular,
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC9C30D8080FB66FCA30388" box="[690,830,1229,1256]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
in diameter, more or less longitudinally arranged with 14–18 pits longitudinally and ca 10 pits transversally (ca 170–184 pits per face). Pits associated with peg-shaped tubercles protruding into the locule; tubercles ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC9C30D81DBFAB7FB1E0256" box="[1001,1155,1308,1335]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.79" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.58" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="679.0" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="658.0">658–700 µm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC9C30D870EFAB7FE85023E" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.965" metricValueMax="3.26" metricValueMin="2.67" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="296.5" valueMax="326.0" valueMin="267.0">267– 326 µm</quantity>
in diameter at the base. Ridges sharp and thin, delimiting a dense reticulum enclosing all pits in an areole. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC9C30D83DAFAC0FDE302E5" box="[488,638,1387,1413]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4799999999999995" metricValueMax="4.6899999999999995" metricValueMin="4.2700000000000005" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="448.0" valueMax="469.0" valueMin="427.0">427–469 µm</quantity>
thick (excluding pits). Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with three cell layers: outermost layer with 1–2 rows of isodiametric cells, cells 8.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC9C30D8625FA39FBEA02CD" box="[1047,1143,1426,1453]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="12.6">12.6 µm</quantity>
in diameter, followed by a layer with 11–12 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells 15.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC9C30D81D3FA12FBD802B4" box="[993,1093,1465,1492]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.43" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="44.3">44.3 µm</quantity>
in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC9C30D8136FA4AFC01029B" box="[772,924,1505,1531]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.055" metricValueMax="1.22" metricValueMin="0.89" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="10.55" valueMax="12.2" valueMin="8.9">8.9–12.2 µm</quantity>
in width, lining the locule surface with regularly spaced and rounded papillae; papillae
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC9C30D80C6F9A3FC070143" box="[756,922,1544,1571]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.005" metricValueMax="2.78" metricValueMin="1.23" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="20.05" valueMax="27.8" valueMin="12.3">12.3–27.8 µm</quantity>
(av.
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC9C30D81E7F9A3FBB90143" box="[981,1060,1544,1571]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" unit="mm" value="21.0">21 µm</quantity>
) in diameter. Locule surface not lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

155
data/B7/03/87/B7038788FFC9C30E83E8F9DEFD260410.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
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<mods:title id="69E6DD9CC58F3A83543F539D3F408682">Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CEF4F7E37EC379B1E48B0B60BF50F852">Rio, Cédric Del</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="77B06515FFC9C30D83E8F9DEFCE301D7" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC9C30D83E8F9DEFBC701EF" blockId="81.[474,1114,1653,1719]" box="[474,1114,1653,1680]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<heading id="645D81F2FFC9C30D83E8F9DEFBC701EF" box="[474,1114,1653,1680]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFC9C30D83E8F9DEFBC701EF" ID-CoL="4QR87" authority="Pierre ex Exell &amp; Mendonca" authorityName="Pierre ex Exell &amp; Mendonca" authorityYear="1951" box="[474,1114,1653,1680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="klaineana">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC9C30D83E8F9DEFC9E01F0" bold="true" box="[474,771,1653,1680]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Pyrenacantha klaineana</emphasis>
Pierre ex Exell &amp; Mendonça
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC9C30D8087F936FCE301D7" blockId="81.[474,1114,1653,1719]" box="[693,894,1693,1719]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Fig. 26.19–26.27</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFC9C30D828FF949FEF3008B" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC9C30D828FF949FE37019C" blockId="81.[189,426,1762,1788]" box="[189,426,1762,1788]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<heading id="645D81F2FFC9C30D828FF949FE37019C" bold="true" box="[189,426,1762,1788]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC9C30D828FF949FE37019C" bold="true" box="[189,426,1762,1788]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC9C30D82D8F8BEFCCA004F" blockId="81.[189,1079,1813,1879]" box="[234,855,1813,1839]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC9C30D82D8F8BEFCCA004F" bold="true" box="[234,855,1813,1839]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC9C30D828FF896FBAA0037" blockId="81.[189,1079,1813,1879]" box="[189,1079,1852,1879]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFC9C30D828FF896FBAA0037" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302343" box="[189,1079,1852,1879]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="A. J. M. Leewenber" country="Ivory Coast" location="IVORY COAST" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04495495" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFC9C30D828FF896FEE30037" box="[189,382,1853,1879]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">IVORY COAST</collectingCountry>
• 1962;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC9C30D83D3F896FD640036" box="[481,761,1852,1879]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFC9C30D83D3F896FD2A0036" box="[481,695,1852,1879]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">A.J.M. Leewenber</collectorName>
4523
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFC9C30D813AF896FC850037" box="[776,792,1853,1879]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFC9C30D812DF896FBBB0037" box="[799,1062,1852,1879]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">MNHN-P-P04495495</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC9C30D82D8F829FE3B00FC" blockId="81.[189,1399,1922,2028]" box="[234,422,1922,1948]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC9C30D82D8F829FE3B00FC" bold="true" box="[234,422,1922,1948]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC9C30D828FF801FEF3008B" blockId="81.[189,1399,1922,2028]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFC9C30D828FF801FC0700A4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302470" box="[189,922,1961,1988]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="R. P. Klaine" country="Gabon" location="GABON" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04495499" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFC9C30D828FF801FEB800A4" box="[189,293,1962,1988]" name="Gabon" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">GABON</collectingCountry>
• s.d.;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC9C30D83B8F801FDC000A3" box="[394,605,1961,1987]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFC9C30D83B8F801FD8900A3" box="[394,532,1961,1987]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">R.P. Klaine</collectorName>
1299
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFC9C30D8041F801FD1E00A4" box="[627,643,1962,1988]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFC9C30D80BBF801FC0D00A4" box="[649,912,1961,1988]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">MNHN-P-P04495499</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFC9C30D818DF801FEF3008B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302331" collectionCode="P" collectorName="R. P. Klaine" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" specimenCode="MNHN- P-P04495503" specimenCount="1">
1899;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC9C30D8622F801FB7E00A3" box="[1040,1251,1961,1987]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFC9C30D8622F801FB0700A3" box="[1040,1178,1961,1987]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">R.P. Klaine</collectorName>
1383
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFC9C30D86CBF801FA9400A4" box="[1273,1289,1962,1988]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFC9C30D8722F801FEC0008C" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">MNHN- P-P04495503</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFCAC30E828FFEA0FD260410" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCAC30E828FFEA0FED30645" blockId="82.[189,334,267,293]" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<heading id="645D81F2FFCAC30E828FFEA0FED30645" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCAC30E828FFEA0FED30645" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCAC30E828FFE95FBC006C6" blockId="82.[189,1399,317,422]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
FRUIT. Elliptical, accrescent at the apex, black when mature. Epicarp puberulent, with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation, shriveled when dry. Calyx persistent, separated from the fruit by an elongated gynophore. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCAC30E802FFE20FD0206C6" box="[541,671,395,422]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCAC30E80C6FE20FCE806C6" box="[756,885,395,422]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="11.0">11–16 mm</quantity>
, thickness
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCAC30E81C6FE20FBC406C6" box="[1012,1113,395,422]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7–9 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCAC30E828FFE7BFD260410" blockId="82.[189,1399,464,880]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCAC30E82D0FE5CFEDE0572" box="[226,323,503,530]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCAC30E83C2FE53FDA60572" box="[496,571,504,530]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
. No keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex and base rounded, symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical in lateral view. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted. Pits circular, occasionally elongate,
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCAC30E80FBFDEEFCC70500" box="[713,858,581,608]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="0.2" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.3 mm</quantity>
in diameter, randomly arranged with 18–19 pits longitudinally and 12–17 pits transversally (ca 242 pits per face). Pits associated with peg-shaped tubercles protruding into the locule; tubercles ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCAC30E80C9FD38FC0C05CE" box="[763,913,659,686]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" metricValueMax="9.82" metricValueMin="6.9799999999999995" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="840.0" valueMax="982.0" valueMin="698.0">698–982 µm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCAC30E860AFD38FB5305CE" box="[1080,1230,659,686]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.82" metricValueMax="5.76" metricValueMin="3.88" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="482.0" valueMax="576.0" valueMin="388.0">388–576 µm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, bifid and / or capitate at the apex, with 16–17 cells in width. Tubercle cells sclerotic, digitate and elongate. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCAC30E8028FD4AFD2C059B" box="[538,689,737,764]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.575" metricValueMax="1.85" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="157.5" valueMax="185.0" valueMin="130.0">130–185 µm</quantity>
thick (excluding pits). Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with two cell layers: outermost layer with 8–10 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCAC30E8689FCA3FAC80442" box="[1211,1365,776,802]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" metricValueMax="1.72" metricValueMin="0.9199999999999999" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="13.2" valueMax="17.2" valueMin="9.2">9.2–17.2 µm</quantity>
in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCAC30E863AFC84FB120429" box="[1032,1167,815,841]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" metricValueMax="7.6" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="5.6" valueMax="7.6" valueMin="3.6">3.6–7.6 µm</quantity>
in width, lining the locule surface. Locule surface not lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

149
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Sleumer
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCAC30E80F6FC69FCF204BC" blockId="82.[588,1000,922,988]" box="[708,879,962,988]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Fig. 27.1–27.9</paragraph>
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• s.d.;
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234
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCAC30E82D8FB0EFE3B03DF" bold="true" box="[234,422,1189,1215]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Other material</emphasis>
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• 1923;
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1985
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FRUIT. Elliptical, accrescent at the apex. Epicarp puberulent, with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation, slightly shriveled when dry. Mesocarp
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thick when dry. Calyx persistent, occasionally separated from the fruit by an elongated gynophore. Length
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, width
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, thickness
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.
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ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Trace of keel present in the upper part. Apex with acute protuberance, asymmetrical in lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Pits primarily elongate,
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in length, randomly arranged with ca 10 pits longitudinally and 9–10 pits transversally (ca 108–115 pits per face). Pits associated with cylindrical tubercles protruding into the locule; tubercles ca
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<date id="4B14105EFFCAC30E803FF96BFD0F01BA" box="[525,658,1728,1754]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1979" valueMax="2340">1979–2340</date>
µm
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in length and
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in diameter at the base, more or less capitate at the apex, with 26 cells in width. Tubercle cells sclerotic, digitate and elongate. Ridges faintly rounded to rectangular and large, delimiting a dense reticulum enclosing all pits in an areole. Endocarp wall
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thick excluding pits. Endocarp wall (without pits) with three cell layers: outermost layer with ca 7 rows of isodiametric to occasionally anticlinally oriented cells, cells
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in length, followed by a layer with ca 8 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells 5.0–
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in width, lining the locule surface. Locule surface not lacunate.
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<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFCBC30F806AFEA0FC410645" ID-CoL="4QR89" authority="Boutique" authorityName="Boutique" authorityYear="1959" box="[600,988,267,294]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lebrunii">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCBC30F806AFEA0FCF40646" bold="true" box="[600,873,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Pyrenacantha lebrunii</emphasis>
Boutique
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCBC30F8087FE99FCE3062C" blockId="83.[600,988,267,332]" box="[693,894,306,332]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 27.10–27.18</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFCBC30F828FFEDCFC45068A" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCBC30F828FFEDCFE3706F1" blockId="83.[189,426,375,401]" box="[189,426,375,401]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCBC30F828FFEDCFE3706F1" bold="true" box="[189,426,375,401]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCBC30F82D8FE02FE3B06A3" bold="true" box="[234,422,425,451]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCBC30F828FFE7BFC45068A" blockId="83.[189,984,425,490]" box="[189,984,463,490]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFCBC30F828FFE7BFEF8068A" box="[189,357,464,490]" name="Cameroon" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
• 1962;
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<collectorName id="925F5348FFCBC30F83FAFE7AFDC5068A" box="[456,600,464,490]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">F.J. Breteler</collectorName>
2933
</emphasis>
;
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[
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].
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCBC30F828FFDBEFED3054F" bold="true" box="[189,334,533,559]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCBC30F828FFDECFC3C05B6" blockId="83.[189,1399,583,726]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
FRUIT. Elliptical, acuminate and accrescent at the apex. Epicarp puberulent, with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation, shriveled when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp
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thick when dry. Calyx persistent, separated from the fruit by a short gynophore. Length 16.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCBC30F8368FD10FE5805B6" box="[346,453,699,726]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8399999999999999" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="18.4">18.4 mm</quantity>
, width 9.6–11.0 mm, thickness
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCBC30F810AFD10FC0005B6" box="[824,925,699,726]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCBC30F828FFCABFE320271" blockId="83.[189,1399,768,1298]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
ENDOCARP. Brown, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex slightly asymmetrical and acute in lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Pits circular, occasionally elongate,
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCBC30F80C0FCDFFCE204EF" box="[754,895,884,911]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 mm</quantity>
in diameter, randomly arranged with 9–11 pits longitudinally and ca 8 pits transversally (ca 105–107 pits per face). Pits associated with spiny tubercles protruding into the locule; tubercles ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCBC30F80CDFC6AFC3804BC" box="[767,933,961,988]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.168" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.836" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="1168.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="836.0">836–1500 µm</quantity>
in length and ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCBC30F8642FC6AFB5104BC" box="[1136,1228,961,988]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 µm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, with ca 22 cells in width. Tubercle cells sclerotic, digitate and elongate. Ridges rounded and thin, more or less diffuse, enclosing 4–5 areoles, faintly apparent, with a ridge running longitudinally from the base up to the apex. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCBC30F80F2FB9DFCC90330" box="[704,852,1078,1104]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.505" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.21" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="250.5" valueMax="280.0" valueMin="221.0">221–280 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges (
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCBC30F8659FB9DFA9F0330" box="[1131,1282,1078,1105]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.125" metricValueMax="4.55" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="412.5" valueMax="455.0" valueMin="370.0">370–455 µm</quantity>
including ridges). Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with three cell layers: outermost layer with ca 2 rows of isodiametric cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCBC30F83E8FB28FDE203FE" box="[474,639,1155,1182]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.675" metricValueMax="2.2199999999999998" metricValueMin="1.13" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="16.75" valueMax="22.2" valueMin="11.3">11.3–22.2 µm</quantity>
in diameter, followed by a layer with ca 11 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCBC30F8394FB01FDD603A4" box="[422,587,1194,1220]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.475" metricValueMax="3.32" metricValueMin="1.63" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="24.75" valueMax="33.2" valueMin="16.3">16.3–33.2 µm</quantity>
in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCBC30F82C9FB7BFE0F038B" box="[251,402,1232,1259]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.55" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="15.5" valueMin="7.5">7.5–15.5 µm</quantity>
in width, lining the locule surface with more or less inflated, papillate cells. Locule surface not lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

264
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<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFCDC3098076FEA0FC720645" ID-CoL="4QR8B" authority="Villiers" authorityName="Villiers" authorityYear="1972" box="[580,1007,267,294]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longirostrata">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCDC3098076FEA0FC0C0646" bold="true" box="[580,913,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pyrenacantha longirostrata</emphasis>
Villiers
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCDC3098087FE84FCE3062A" blockId="85.[580,1007,267,330]" box="[693,894,303,330]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 27.19–27.25</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCDC309828FFEDBFE3706EA" bold="true" box="[189,426,368,394]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCDC30982D8FE34FCCA06D9" bold="true" box="[234,855,415,441]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFCDC309828FFE69FEF806BC" box="[189,357,450,476]" name="Cameroon" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">CAMEROON</collectingCountry>
• “
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”; s.d.;
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<collectorName id="925F5348FFCDC3098068FE68FD7F06BC" box="[602,738,451,476]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">R. Letouzey</collectorName>
14156
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;
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.
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FRUIT. Elliptical, accrescent at the apex, red when mature. Epicarp strigose, with yellow uncinate hairs. Length
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, width
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC30983DDFDFEFDED0510" box="[495,624,597,624]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="16.0">16–20 mm</quantity>
, thickness
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC30980C2FDFEFCC90510" box="[752,852,597,624]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="7.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="6.0">6–8 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCDC309828FFD3CFC840354" blockId="85.[189,1399,663,1077]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
ENDOCARP. Brown, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC309869AFD3CFB6305D1" box="[1192,1278,663,690]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC30982EFFD11FEBF05B5" box="[221,290,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry.Apex slightly asymmetrical and acute in lateral view. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Pits circular, occasionally elongate,
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC309828FFCAAFED0047B" box="[189,333,769,795]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="0.2" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.3 mm</quantity>
in diameter, randomly arranged with 11–12 pits transversally. Pits associated with spiny tubercles protruding into the locule; tubercles ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC30980CDFC8FFCF7045E" box="[767,874,804,830]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="1200.0">1200 µm</quantity>
in length and ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC3098604FC8FFB51045E" box="[1078,1228,804,830]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.29" metricValueMax="4.72" metricValueMin="3.86" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="429.0" valueMax="472.0" valueMin="386.0">386–472 µm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, apex occasionally bifid, with ca 14 cells in width. Tubercle cells sclerotic, digitate and elongate. Ridges rounded and thin, diffuse, faintly apparent. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC30981FDFCC1FBFA04E5" box="[975,1127,874,901]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="375.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="350.0">350–400 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges (
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC30982F7FC26FEC204C8" box="[197,351,909,936]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.09" metricValueMax="5.34" metricValueMin="4.84" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="509.0" valueMax="534.0" valueMin="484.0">484–534 µm</quantity>
thick including ridges). Endocarp wall (excluding pits and ridges) with two cell layers: outermost layer with ca 11 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC30981D3FC1AFB1B04AB" box="[993,1158,945,971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="3.28" metricValueMin="1.1199999999999999" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="32.8" valueMin="11.2">11.2–32.8 µm</quantity>
in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC3098176FC7FFC41048E" box="[836,988,980,1006]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.6199999999999999" metricValueMin="0.98" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="16.2" valueMin="9.8">9.8–16.2 µm</quantity>
in width, lining the locule surface with regularly spaced and rounded papillae; papillae
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC309810CFC5CFC4A0372" box="[830,983,1015,1042]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" metricValueMax="1.5699999999999998" metricValueMin="0.8699999999999999" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="12.2" valueMax="15.7" valueMin="8.7">8.7–15.7 µm</quantity>
(av.
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC3098627FC5CFBE10372" box="[1045,1148,1015,1042]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="13.7">13.7 µm</quantity>
) in diameter, ca 190 papillae per
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC309837CFBB1FE2A0355" box="[334,439,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
<superScript id="C8DF9BD6FFCDC3098384FBB2FE220347" attach="left" box="[438,447,1049,1063]" fontSize="6" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">2</superScript>
. Locule surface not lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFCDC309828FFBF7FCED0269" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCDC309828FFBF7FEB20316" blockId="85.[189,303,1116,1142]" box="[189,303,1116,1142]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<heading id="645D81F2FFCDC309828FFBF7FEB20316" bold="true" box="[189,303,1116,1142]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCDC309828FFBF7FEB20316" bold="true" box="[189,303,1116,1142]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCDC309828FFB21FB7003C4" blockId="85.[189,1261,1162,1189]" box="[189,1261,1162,1189]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Endocarp specimen with only the upper part preserved; fruits rare in herbarium collections.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCDC3098366FB60FCED0269" blockId="85.[340,1248,1227,1289]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFCDC3098366FB60FB7D0386" authority="(A. Chev. ex Hutch. &amp; Dalziel) Byng &amp; Utteridge" authorityName="Byng &amp; Utteridge" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="A. Chev. ex Hutch. &amp; Dalziel" box="[340,1248,1227,1255]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCDC3098366FB60FD0B0386" bold="true" box="[340,662,1227,1254]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pyrenacantha macrocarpa</emphasis>
(A.Chev. ex Hutch. &amp; Dalziel) Byng &amp; Utteridge
</taxonomicName>
Fig. 28.1–28.8
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFCDC309828FFA9AFB2B0106" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCDC309828FFA9AFE37022B" blockId="85.[189,426,1329,1355]" box="[189,426,1329,1355]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<heading id="645D81F2FFCDC309828FFA9AFE37022B" bold="true" box="[189,426,1329,1355]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCDC309828FFA9AFE37022B" bold="true" box="[189,426,1329,1355]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCDC30982D8FAF4FCFF0219" blockId="85.[189,1398,1375,1472]" box="[234,866,1375,1402]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCDC30982D8FAF4FCFF0219" bold="true" box="[234,866,1375,1402]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Specimens used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCDC309828FFA28FE7602A0" blockId="85.[189,1398,1375,1472]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFCDC309828FFA28FBFF02FD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302304" box="[189,1122,1410,1437]" collectionCode="BR" collectorName="J. de Koning" country="Ivory Coast" location="Abidjan" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="BR0000015570635" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Abidjan">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFCDC309828FFA28FE1F02FD" box="[189,386,1411,1437]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">IVORY COAST</collectingCountry>
•
<collectingRegion id="FD6EF87CFFCDC3098392FA29FD9F02FC" box="[416,514,1410,1436]" country="Ivory Coast" name="Abidjan" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Abidjan</collectingRegion>
; s.d.;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCDC309807FFA28FCB202FC" box="[589,815,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFCDC309807FFA28FD7502FC" box="[589,744,1410,1436]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">J. de Koning</collectorName>
4918
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFCDC3098173FA28FCF602FD" box="[833,875,1411,1437]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">BR</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFCDC3098140FA29FBC502FD" box="[882,1112,1410,1437]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">BR0000015570635</specimenCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFCDC30986B3FA29FE7602A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302451" collectionCode="P" collectorName="N. Lovi" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P04494747" specimenCount="1">
1954;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCDC30986FDFA28FAF202FC" box="[1231,1391,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFCDC30986FDFA28FAB402FC" box="[1231,1321,1411,1436]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">N. Lovi</collectorName>
3952
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFCDC309828FFA0DFF5002A0" box="[189,205,1446,1472]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFCDC30982E1FA0DFE4702A0" box="[211,474,1446,1472]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">MNHN-P-P04494747</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCDC30982D8FA4CFE3B0161" blockId="85.[189,1028,1511,1573]" box="[234,422,1511,1537]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCDC30982D8FA4CFE3B0161" bold="true" box="[234,422,1511,1537]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCDC309828FF9A0FB990145" blockId="85.[189,1028,1511,1573]" box="[189,1028,1546,1573]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFCDC309828FF9A0FB990145" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302407" box="[189,1028,1546,1573]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="A. Chevalier" country="Ivory Coast" location="IVORY COAST" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P00418166" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFCDC309828FF9A0FEE30145" box="[189,382,1547,1573]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">IVORY COAST</collectingCountry>
• 1907;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCDC30983D3F9A0FD5B0144" box="[481,710,1546,1573]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFCDC30983D3F9A0FDEB0144" box="[481,630,1546,1573]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">A. Chevalier</collectorName>
17216
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFCDC30980E4F9A0FD7B0145" box="[726,742,1547,1573]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFCDC30980DEF9A0FC6E0144" box="[748,1011,1546,1573]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">MNHN-P-P00418166</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCDC309828FF9E7FB2B0106" blockId="85.[189,1206,1611,1638]" box="[189,1206,1611,1638]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFCDC309828FF9E7FB2B0106" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302353" box="[189,1206,1611,1638]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="J. Stone &amp; J. Amponsah &amp; M. Chintoh" country="Ghana" location="GHANA" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P06807826" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFCDC309828FF9E7FEB80106" box="[189,293,1612,1638]" name="Ghana" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">GHANA</collectingCountry>
• 1999;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCDC30983BAF9E6FCE50106" box="[392,888,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFCDC30983BAF9E6FE750106" box="[392,488,1612,1638]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">J. Stone</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="925F5348FFCDC30983C6F9E6FD160106" box="[500,651,1612,1638]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">J. Amponsah</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="925F5348FFCDC3098082F9E6FCAB0106" box="[688,822,1612,1638]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">M. Chintoh</collectorName>
3421
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFCDC30981B5F9E7FC0A0106" box="[903,919,1612,1638]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="6F0C9EE5FFCDC30981ACF9E7FB380106" box="[926,1189,1612,1638]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">MNHN-P-P06807826</specimenCode>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFCDC30A828FF926FD950575" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCDC309828FF926FED301C7" blockId="85.[189,334,1677,1703]" box="[189,334,1677,1703]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<heading id="645D81F2FFCDC309828FF926FED301C7" bold="true" box="[189,334,1677,1703]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCDC309828FF926FED301C7" bold="true" box="[189,334,1677,1703]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCDC309828FF917FC0E0020" blockId="85.[189,1399,1724,1856]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
FRUIT. Elliptical, accrescent at the apex and forming an inflated cap (representing about half of the length). Epicarp pilose, with long and thin hairs and yellow-white simple hairs with granular ornamentation. Mesocarp thin when dry. Calyx persistent, separated from the fruit by a more or less elongated gynophore. Length 42.4–70.0 mm, width
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC3098029F88EFD010020" box="[539,668,1829,1856]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">20–25 mm</quantity>
, thickness
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC309812EF88DFC120020" box="[796,911,1830,1856]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.0">9–10 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCDC30A828FF8CCFD950575" blockId="85.[189,1399,1895,2028]" lastBlockId="86.[189,1399,267,533]" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
ENDOCARP. Cream, deltoid in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC30986A9F8CCFA9A00E2" box="[1179,1287,1895,1922]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.06" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="20.6">20.6 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC309828FF821FEB500C5" box="[189,296,1930,1957]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="16.4">16.4 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC30983FBF821FDBB00C5" box="[457,550,1930,1957]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex truncate and slightly asymmetrical, with protuberance; base rounded, almost acute, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Pits circular, occasionally elongate,
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCDC30981DFF87AFBE7008B" box="[1005,1146,2001,2028]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.6 mm</quantity>
in diameter, arranged in longitudinal lines with 9–10 pits longitudinally and 8–9 pits transversally (ca 83–84 pits per face). Pits associated with elongate-flattened tubercles protruding into the locule; tubercles ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCEC30A86E3FE9FFAEA062E" box="[1233,1399,308,334]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.97" metricValueMax="10.84" metricValueMin="7.1" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="897.0" valueMax="1084.0" valueMin="710.0">710–1084 µm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCEC30A836FFEF0FE6E0616" box="[349,499,347,374]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" metricValueMax="2.79" metricValueMin="2.27" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="253.0" valueMax="279.0" valueMin="227.0">227–279 µm</quantity>
in diameter at the base. Ridges rounded-rectangular, thin, delimiting a dense reticulum enclosing all pits in an areole. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCEC30A8156FE28FC5F06FE" box="[868,962,387,414]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.34" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="534.0">534 µm</quantity>
thick excluding pits. Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with three cell layers poorly preserved except for the innermost layer including one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCEC30A806EFE78FD69068E" box="[604,756,467,494]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" unit="mm" value="6.9" valueMax="10.5" valueMin="3.3">3.3–10.5 µm</quantity>
in width, lining the locule surface with inflated cells. Locule surface not lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFCEC30A828FFDEAFE3005D7" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCEC30A828FFDEAFEB2053B" blockId="86.[189,303,577,603]" box="[189,303,577,603]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<heading id="645D81F2FFCEC30A828FFDEAFEB2053B" bold="true" box="[189,303,577,603]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCEC30A828FFDEAFEB2053B" bold="true" box="[189,303,577,603]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCEC30A828FFDDFFE3005D7" blockId="86.[189,1398,628,695]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Endocarp wall poorly preserved in the specimens examined due to the preparation (see Discussion for preservation issues).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

135
data/B7/03/87/B7038788FFCEC30A8053FD49FCCC01D4.xml Normal file
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<mods:title id="DE2291AF9C93AC875C64DEE5DD4DB38D">Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCEC30A8053FD49FC11059D" bold="true" box="[609,908,738,765]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Pyrenacantha malvifolia</emphasis>
Engl.
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCEC30A808FFCA1FCEA0444" blockId="86.[609,979,738,804]" box="[701,887,778,804]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Fig. 28.9–28.17</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCEC30A828FFCFBFE37040A" bold="true" box="[189,426,848,874]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCEC30A82D8FC28FCCA04FE" bold="true" box="[234,855,899,926]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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•
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.
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. Polhill &amp;
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. Paulo 475
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[
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.
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FRUIT. Elliptical, shortly accrescent at the apex. Epicarp strigose, with yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation, shriveled when dry. Mesocarp
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thick when dry. Calyx persistent. Length
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, thickness
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.
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ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca
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, thickness ca
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. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex acute and asymmetrical in lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Pits circular, occasionally elongate, ca
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in diameter, randomly arranged with 9–14 pits longitudinally and 10–12 pits transversally (ca 120–140 pits per face). Pits associated with peg-shaped tubercles protruding into the locule; tubercles ca
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in length,
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in diameter at the base, with ca 15–16 cells in width. Tubercle cells sclerotic, digitate and shortly elongate. Ridges faintly apparent, rounded and diffuse, with a median ridge running from the base to the apex. Endocarp wall
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(excluding pits). Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with three cell layers: outermost layer with 2–3 rows of isodiametric to periclinally oriented cells, cells 11.5–17.0 µm in width, followed by a layer with ca 15 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
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in width, lining the locule surface with regularly spaced and rounded-large papillae. Locule surface not lacunate.
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140
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCEC30A828FF8E5FE370008" bold="true" box="[189,426,1870,1896]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCEC30A82D8F82AFCCA00FB" bold="true" box="[234,855,1921,1947]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
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DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE
<collectingRegion id="FD6EF87CFFCEC30A808DF802FCBA00A3" box="[703,807,1961,1987]" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Bas-Congo" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">CONGO</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
•
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;
<date id="4B14105EFFCEC30A81E3F802FB1200A4" box="[977,1167,1961,1988]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1955-03-25">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFCEC30A81E3F802FB1200A4" box="[977,1167,1961,1988]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1955-03-25">25 Mar. 1955</collectingDate>
</date>
;
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<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFCEC30A869BF802FB5D00A3" box="[1193,1216,1961,1987]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
. Evrard 601
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFCEC30A828FF87AFF7A008B" box="[189,231,2001,2027]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">BR</collectionCode>
[
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]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFCFC30B828FFEA0FAA80491" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCFC30B828FFEA0FED30645" blockId="87.[189,334,267,293]" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<heading id="645D81F2FFCFC30B828FFEA0FED30645" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B828FFEA0FED30645" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCFC30B828FFEEAFB5406CF" blockId="87.[189,1399,320,431]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
FRUIT. Elliptical, acuminate and accrescent at the apex. Epicarp strigose, with yellow uncinate hairs, slightly shriveled when dry. Mesocarp
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCFC30B80B2FEC0FC8906E5" box="[640,788,363,389]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.71" metricValueMax="3.12" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="271.0" valueMax="312.0" valueMin="230.0">230–312 µm</quantity>
thick when dry. Calyx persistent, separated from the fruit by a short gynophore. Length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCFC30B8048FE3EFD7806CF" box="[634,741,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.97" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="19.7">19.7 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCFC30B816EFE3EFC5A06CF" box="[860,967,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="11.4">11.4 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCFC30B865AFE3EFB5806CF" box="[1128,1221,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCFC30B828FFE76FAA80491" blockId="87.[189,1399,477,1010]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
ENDOCARP. Brown, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCFC30B8680FE76FA9A0698" box="[1202,1287,477,504]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCFC30B828FFDA3FE860542" box="[189,283,520,546]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="7.2">7.2 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCFC30B83F2FDACFD830542" box="[448,542,519,546]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex slightly asymmetrical and acute in lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Pits circular, occasionally elongate, ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCFC30B8117FDF7FC280516" box="[805,949,604,630]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.4 mm</quantity>
in diameter, randomly arranged with 9–11 pits longitudinally and 8–10 pits transversally (ca 85–100 pits per face). Pits associated with spiny tubercles protruding into the locule; tubercles ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCFC30B8130FD1BFC3B05AB" box="[770,934,688,715]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0385" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.977" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="1038.5" valueMax="1100.0" valueMin="977.0">977–1100 µm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCFC30B8660FD1BFB7405AB" box="[1106,1257,688,715]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2299999999999995" metricValueMax="3.61" metricValueMin="2.85" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="323.0" valueMax="361.0" valueMin="285.0">285–361 µm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, with ca 17 cells in width. Tubercle cells sclerotic, digitate and elongate. Ridges rounded and thin, more or less diffuse, faintly apparent, with a median ridge running longitudinally from the base to the apex. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCFC30B83D0FC84FDE40429" box="[482,633,815,841]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.805" metricValueMax="1.8399999999999999" metricValueMin="1.77" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="180.5" valueMax="184.0" valueMin="177.0">177–184 µm</quantity>
thick (excluding pits). Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with three cell layers: outermost layer with 1–3 rows of isodiametric to periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCFC30B86D1FCF2FAEA0414" box="[1251,1399,857,884]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.105" metricValueMax="1.46" metricValueMin="0.75" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="11.05" valueMax="14.6" valueMin="7.5">7.5–14.6 µm</quantity>
in width; followed by a layer with ca 10 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCFC30B8656FC28FA9504FE" box="[1124,1288,899,926]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.135" metricValueMax="3.25" metricValueMin="1.02" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="21.35" valueMax="32.5" valueMin="10.2">10.2–32.5 µm</quantity>
in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells 4.1–10.0 µm, lining the locule surface with inflated to papillate cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCFC30B8056FC73FC9A0492" box="[612,775,984,1010]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="2.18" metricValueMin="1.1199999999999999" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="16.5" valueMax="21.8" valueMin="11.2">11.2–21.8 µm</quantity>
(av.
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFCFC30B8173FC73FC390492" box="[833,932,984,1010]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" unit="mm" value="17.3">17.3 µm</quantity>
) in diameter. Locule not lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

225
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<mods:title id="3EB9D9B22551F2455ACD99AA09C7ED3F">Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales)</mods:title>
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<heading id="645D81F2FFCFC30B83FEFBB4FBF5035A" box="[460,1128,1055,1082]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFCFC30B83FEFBB4FBF5035A" ID-CoL="4QR8L" authority="Labat, El-Achkar &amp; R. Rabev." authorityName="Labat, El-Achkar &amp; R. Rabev. (F. Barthelat" authorityYear="1764" box="[460,1128,1055,1082]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rakotozafyi">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B83FEFBB4FC99035A" bold="true" box="[460,772,1055,1082]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Pyrenacantha rakotozafyi</emphasis>
Labat, El-Achkar &amp; R.Rabev.
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCFC30B80F6FBE1FCF20304" blockId="87.[460,1128,1055,1124]" box="[708,879,1098,1124]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 29.1–29.9</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFCFC30B828FFB39FBB3026D" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="materials_examined">
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<heading id="645D81F2FFCFC30B828FFB39FE3703CC" bold="true" box="[189,426,1170,1196]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B828FFB39FE3703CC" bold="true" box="[189,426,1170,1196]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Material examined</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B82D8FB63FCCA0382" bold="true" box="[234,855,1224,1250]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Specimen used for endocarp and fruit description</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCFC30B828FFB59FBB3026D" blockId="87.[189,1070,1224,1293]" box="[189,1070,1266,1293]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFCFC30B828FFB59FBB5026D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302465" box="[189,1064,1266,1293]" collectionCode="P" collectorName="F. Barthelat" country="Comoros" location="Mayotte" municipality="Mayotte" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" specimenCode="MNHN-P-P00631418" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFCFC30B828FFB59FED3026C" box="[189,334,1266,1292]" name="Comoros" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">COMOROS</collectingCountry>
•
<collectingMunicipality id="DF71ACE4FFCFC30B8355FB58FE50026D" box="[359,461,1267,1293]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Mayotte</collectingMunicipality>
; 2007;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B8010FB58FD6D026C" box="[546,752,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<collectorName id="925F5348FFCFC30B8010FB58FD33026C" box="[546,686,1266,1292]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">F. Barthelat</collectorName>
1764
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;
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[
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.
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<caption id="6BD56616FFCFC30B828FFAFCFD38008B" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFCFC30B828FFAFCFD38008B" blockId="87.[189,1399,1367,2028]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B828FFAFCFE810211" bold="true" box="[189,284,1367,1393]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Fig. 28.</emphasis>
Fruits of
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFCFC30B83A5FAFCFDEA0211" authority="Miers." authorityName="Miers." box="[407,631,1367,1393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Icacinaceae Miers.</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B80B2FAFCFD300211" bold="true" box="[640,685,1367,1394]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">1–8</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFCFC30B808CFAFCFE0702F4" authority="(A. Chev. ex Hutch. &amp; Dalziel) Byng &amp; Utteridge" authorityName="Byng &amp; Utteridge" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="A. Chev. ex Hutch. &amp; Dalziel" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrocarpa">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B808CFAFCFC670211" box="[702,1018,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Pyrenacantha macrocarpa</emphasis>
(A.Chev. ex Hutch. &amp; Dalziel) Byng &amp; Utteridge
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B839DFAD0FD0702F4" box="[431,666,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">J. De Koning 4918</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B8084FAD1FD5802F4" bold="true" box="[694,709,1402,1428]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">1</emphasis>
. Dried fruit with a short gynophore and an inflated cap ending with an elongated tube, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B80F4FA35FD6E02D8" bold="true" box="[710,755,1438,1464]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">2–6</emphasis>
. Endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B81B3FA35FC0D02D8" bold="true" box="[897,912,1438,1464]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">2</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing the pits.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B8738FA35FA8402D8" bold="true" box="[1290,1305,1438,1464]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">3</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing a keel.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B83F8FA6AFE4402BB" bold="true" box="[458,473,1473,1499]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">4</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B80CFFA6AFC9102BB" bold="true" box="[765,780,1473,1499]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">5</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B818DFA6AFC5302BB" bold="true" box="[959,974,1473,1499]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">6</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B8647FA6AFB1902BB" bold="true" box="[1141,1156,1473,1499]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">7</emphasis>
. SEM image of the outer surface with pits and transverse section of the endocarp showing wall and elongate-flattened tubercles.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B830BF9ACFED50141" bold="true" box="[313,328,1543,1569]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">8</emphasis>
. SEM image of the inner layers of the endocarp wall. –
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B8636F9ACFBA20141" bold="true" box="[1028,1087,1543,1570]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">9–17</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFCFC30B8663F9ACFF610124" authority="Engl." authorityName="Engl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malvifolia">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B8663F9ACFAEB0141" box="[1105,1398,1543,1569]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Pyrenacantha malvifolia</emphasis>
Engl.
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B833FF980FDC70124" box="[269,602,1578,1605]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">R.M. Polhill &amp; S. Paulo 475</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B8040F981FD1C0124" bold="true" box="[626,641,1578,1604]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">9</emphasis>
. Dried fruit with a short gynophore, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B86FAF981FA8C0124" bold="true" box="[1224,1297,1578,1605]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">10–14</emphasis>
. Broken endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B8305F9E5FEC90108" bold="true" box="[311,340,1614,1640]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">10</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing the pits and ridges.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B817EF9E5FCFB0108" bold="true" box="[844,870,1614,1640]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">11</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing the keel.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B86D3F9E5FB630108" bold="true" box="[1249,1278,1614,1640]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">12</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B836EF9DAFEE401EB" bold="true" box="[348,377,1649,1675]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">13</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B801CF9DAFDD601EB" bold="true" box="[558,587,1649,1675]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">14</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B80C7F9DAFC8F01EB" bold="true" box="[757,786,1649,1675]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">15</emphasis>
. SEM image of the pericarp in transverse section showing peg-shaped tubercles on the inner part of the endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B81F7F93FFC7F01CE" bold="true" box="[965,994,1684,1710]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">16</emphasis>
. Detail of longidudinal section of the tubercle showing the cells.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B801AF91CFDD801B1" bold="true" box="[552,581,1719,1745]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">17</emphasis>
. Other detail showing the papillae and one stoma (arrow) on the apex of a tubercle. –
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B8348F971FE5E0194" bold="true" box="[378,451,1754,1781]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">18–26</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFCFC30B83E1F971FCC30194" authority="Boutique" authorityName="Boutique" authorityYear="1959" box="[467,862,1754,1780]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="puberula">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B83E1F971FD770194" box="[467,746,1754,1780]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Pyrenacantha puberula</emphasis>
Boutique
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B8142F970FB860194" box="[880,1051,1754,1781]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">C. Evrard 601</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B8607F971FBCF0194" bold="true" box="[1077,1106,1754,1780]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">18</emphasis>
. Dried fruit with a short gynophore and a short acuminate apex, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B8109F955FC190078" bold="true" box="[827,900,1790,1816]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">19–23</emphasis>
. Endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B8625F955FBA90078" bold="true" box="[1047,1076,1790,1816]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">19</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing the pits.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B82CAF88AFE88005B" bold="true" box="[248,277,1825,1851]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">20</emphasis>
. Dorsal view showing the keel.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B80A8F88AFD2A005B" bold="true" box="[666,695,1825,1851]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">21</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view showing the pitted seed in the right bottom part (endocarp missing in this part).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B808DF8EFFD41003E" bold="true" box="[703,732,1860,1886]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">22</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B81B1F8EFFC3D003E" bold="true" box="[899,928,1860,1886]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">23</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B860EF8EFFBC4003E" bold="true" box="[1084,1113,1860,1886]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">24</emphasis>
. SEM image of the fruit in transverse section showing spiny tubercles.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B80C3F8CCFC9300E1" bold="true" box="[753,782,1895,1921]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">25</emphasis>
. SEM image of the endocarp in transverse section showing the wall and the base of tubercle.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFCFC30B808EF821FD4400C4" bold="true" box="[700,729,1930,1956]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">26</emphasis>
. SEM image of the papillae on the apex of the tubercle. Images taken from Del Rio (2018). Scale bars: 1–6, 9–14, 18–23 = 10 mm; 7, 15, 24 = 2 mm; 25 = 300 μm; 16, 26 = 200 μm; 8, 17 = 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC0C304828FF879FE87008C" bold="true" box="[189,282,2002,2028]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 28.</emphasis>
(see full caption on page 86)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFC1C305828FFEA0FBF20415" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC1C305828FFEA0FED30645" blockId="89.[189,334,267,293]" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
<heading id="645D81F2FFC1C305828FFEA0FED30645" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFC1C305828FFEA0FED30645" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC1C305828FFE97FB7406FF" blockId="89.[189,1399,315,415]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
FRUIT. Elliptical, slightly accrescent at the apex. Epicarp strigose, with yellow uncinate hairs, ridged when dry, more or less revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC1C30586DFFECBFAEA061A" box="[1261,1399,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="135.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="70.0">70–200 µm</quantity>
when dry. Calyx persistent. Length 16.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC1C3058093FE2FFC9106FF" box="[673,780,388,415]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8199999999999998" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="18.2">18.2 mm</quantity>
, width 9.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC1C30581A5FE2FFB9C06FF" box="[919,1025,388,415]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="10.8">10.8 mm</quantity>
, thickness
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC1C30586B3FE2FFB7806FF" box="[1153,1253,388,415]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFC1C305828FFE6CFBF20415" blockId="89.[189,1399,455,886]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
ENDOCARP. Cream, elliptical in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC1C30586ADFE6CFA940682" box="[1183,1289,455,482]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="15.4">15.4 mm</quantity>
, width ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC1C305828FFE47FE8E0566" box="[189,275,492,518]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC1C3058384FE47FD8E0566" box="[438,531,492,518]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="6.6">6.6 mm</quantity>
. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex roundedflattened, asymmetrical in lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Pits primarily elongate,
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC1C3058043FD9EFD77052F" box="[625,746,565,591]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="5.08" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="in" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.4 in</quantity>
length, arranged in longitudinal lines with 12–14 pits longitudinally and 8–9 pits transversally (ca 100–110 pits per face). Pits associated with peg-shaped tubercles protruding into the locule; tubercles
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC1C30580E4FDD5FCF105F9" box="[726,876,638,665]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.665" metricValueMax="9.05" metricValueMin="8.28" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="866.5" valueMax="905.0" valueMin="828.0">828–905 µm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC1C3058623FDD4FB3805F9" box="[1041,1189,639,665]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.19" metricValueMax="3.27" metricValueMin="3.11" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="319.0" valueMax="327.0" valueMin="311.0">311–327 µm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, with ca 16 cells in width. Tubercle cells sclerotic, digitate and elongate. Ridges rounded and thin, more or less diffuse, faintly apparent. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC1C305811AFD63FC230582" box="[808,958,712,738]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.96" metricValueMax="3.04" metricValueMin="2.88" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="296.0" valueMax="304.0" valueMin="288.0">288–304 µm</quantity>
thick (excluding pits). Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with two cell layers: outermost layer with ca 12 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFC1C305828FFCBAFEFC044C" box="[189,353,785,812]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="3.2299999999999995" metricValueMin="1.47" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="32.3" valueMin="14.7">14.7–32.3 µm</quantity>
in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells 4.1–10.0 µm in width, lining the locule surface with inflated cells or regularly spaced and large papillate cells (generally at the apex of the tubercle), cells 12.5–20.0 µm in diameter. Locule not lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

255
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31583FEFCB5FC860459" bold="true" box="[460,795,798,825]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Pyrenacantha anhydathoda</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3F15369EFFD1C3158087FCEEFCE3043F" blockId="73.[460,1128,798,863]" box="[693,894,837,863]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 24.10–24.17</paragraph>
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31582D8FB8CFE3B0321" bold="true" box="[234,422,1063,1089]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Other material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFD1C315828FFBE5FC710308" blockId="73.[189,1004,1063,1128]" box="[189,1004,1101,1128]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<materialsCitation id="8FC23CC3FFD1C315828FFBE5FC7B0308" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2620302340" box="[189,998,1101,1128]" collectingDate="1902-02-19" collectionCode="R, P" country="Gabon" location="GABON" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="47BD760EFFD1C315828FFBE5FEB80308" box="[189,293,1102,1128]" name="Gabon" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">GABON</collectingCountry>
•
<date id="4B14105EFFD1C315830CFBE5FE410308" box="[318,476,1102,1128]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1902-02-19">
<collectingDate id="5B50E9B6FFD1C315830CFBE5FE410308" box="[318,476,1102,1128]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1902-02-19">19 Feb. 1902</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31583DAFBE4FD330308" box="[488,686,1102,1128]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFD1C31583DAFBE4FE610308" box="[488,508,1103,1128]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFD1C31583CDFBE4FD8E0308" box="[511,531,1103,1128]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
. Klaine 1571
</emphasis>
;
<collectionCode id="59BBAE5BFFD1C315808FFBE5FD500308" box="[701,717,1102,1128]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
[MNHN-P-P00418164]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77B06515FFD1C317828FFB38FABA0404" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="description">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFD1C315828FFB38FED303CD" blockId="73.[189,334,1171,1197]" box="[189,334,1171,1197]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<heading id="645D81F2FFD1C315828FFB38FED303CD" bold="true" box="[189,334,1171,1197]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" reason="3">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C315828FFB38FED303CD" bold="true" box="[189,334,1171,1197]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFD1C315828FFB6EFDBA0233" blockId="73.[189,1399,1220,1363]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
FRUIT. Ovoid to globose, accrescent at the apex, red when mature. Epicarp puberulent, with red to yellow simple hairs with granular ornamentation, ridged when dry, revealing the underlying reticulum of endocarp ridges. Mesocarp ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFD1C315807EFAB9FD37024C" box="[588,682,1298,1324]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 µm</quantity>
thick when dry. Calyx persistent. Length
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFD1C3158691FABAFABB024C" box="[1187,1318,1297,1324]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="34.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="34.0">34–35 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFD1C315828FFA93FEA20233" box="[189,319,1336,1363]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="12.0">12–20 mm</quantity>
, thickness
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFD1C315838CFA93FDBE0233" box="[446,547,1336,1363]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6BD56616FFD1C315828FFA35FC3D008B" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFD1C315828FFA35FC3D008B" blockId="73.[189,1399,1437,2028]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C315828FFA35FE8302D8" bold="true" box="[189,286,1438,1464]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 24.</emphasis>
Fruits of
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFD1C31583ADFA35FD1D02D8" authority="Miers." authorityName="Miers." box="[415,640,1438,1464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Icacinaceae Miers.</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31580BEFA35FD2402D8" bold="true" box="[652,697,1438,1464]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">1–9</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFD1C31580FEFA36FAEA02D8" authority="Labat, El-Achkar &amp; R. Rabev." authorityName="Labat, El-Achkar &amp; R. Rabev." box="[716,1399,1437,1464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andapensis">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31580FEFA36FC6202D7" box="[716,1023,1437,1463]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Pyrenacantha andapensis</emphasis>
Labat, El-Achkar &amp; R.Rabev.
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31582F5FA69FE7F02BB" box="[199,482,1473,1499]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">D. Ravelonarivo et al. 72</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31583C5FA6AFD9B02BB" bold="true" box="[503,518,1473,1499]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">1</emphasis>
. Dried fruit with an elongate gynophore here boken, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31586DBFA6AFA8802BB" bold="true" box="[1257,1301,1473,1499]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">2–6</emphasis>
. Broken endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C3158308FA4FFED4029E" bold="true" box="[314,329,1508,1534]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">2</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing the pits.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31580E3FA4FFD7D029E" bold="true" box="[721,736,1508,1534]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">3</emphasis>
. Dorsal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31581A0FA4FFC3C029E" bold="true" box="[914,929,1508,1534]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">4</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31586F3FA4FFB4D029E" bold="true" box="[1217,1232,1508,1534]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">5</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C315828FF9ACFF510141" bold="true" box="[189,204,1543,1569]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">6</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C315835FF9A3FEE10142" bold="true" box="[365,380,1544,1570]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">7</emphasis>
. SEM image of the endocarp wall with spiny tubercles in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C3158729F9ACFAB70141" bold="true" box="[1307,1322,1543,1569]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">8</emphasis>
. SEM image of cells in the inner part of the endocarp wall in transverse section and the innermost layer that line the locule with papillae.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C3158012F9E5FDB20108" bold="true" box="[544,559,1614,1640]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">9</emphasis>
. SEM image of the small ovoid hairs with an acuminate apex on the epicarp surface. –
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31583AFF9DAFE7B01EB" bold="true" box="[413,486,1649,1675]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">10–17</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFD1C31583CAF9DAFCAD01EB" box="[504,816,1649,1675]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="anhydathod">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31583CAF9DAFCAD01EB" box="[504,816,1649,1675]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Pyrenacantha anhydathod</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a (Villiers) Byng &amp; Utteridge (
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C3158698F9D9FAF801EB" box="[1194,1381,1649,1675]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">R.P. Teilles 100</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C315828FF93FFE9B01CE" bold="true" box="[189,262,1684,1711]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">10–14</emphasis>
. Endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31583A6F93FFE2C01CE" bold="true" box="[404,433,1684,1710]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">10</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing the pits and the main ridges.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C3158628F93FFBA901CE" bold="true" box="[1050,1076,1684,1710]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">11</emphasis>
. Dorsal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31586D2F93FFB6001CE" bold="true" box="[1248,1277,1684,1710]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">12</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C3158362F91CFEF001B1" bold="true" box="[336,365,1719,1745]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">13</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C3158020F91CFDB201B1" bold="true" box="[530,559,1719,1745]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">14</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31580F5F91CFD7901B1" bold="true" box="[711,740,1719,1745]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">15</emphasis>
. SEM image of the endocarp showing elongate-flattened tubercles.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C3158308F971FECA0194" bold="true" box="[314,343,1754,1780]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">16</emphasis>
. SEM image of the endocarp wall in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C315862EF971FBA40194" bold="true" box="[1052,1081,1754,1780]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">17</emphasis>
. SEM image of spherical papillae lining the locule surface. –
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C3158055F955FD2D0078" bold="true" box="[615,688,1790,1816]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">18–26</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="F8AA4D1DFFD1C31580F2F956FBDC0078" authority="H. Perrier" authorityName="H. Perrier" authorityYear="1944" box="[704,1089,1789,1816]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Icacinaceae" genus="Pyrenacantha" kingdom="Plantae" order="Icacinales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capitata">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31580F2F956FC510077" box="[704,972,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Pyrenacantha capitata</emphasis>
H.Perrier
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C3158661F955FAF80077" box="[1107,1381,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">F. Ratovoson et al. 678</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C315828FF88AFF47005B" bold="true" box="[189,218,1825,1851]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">18</emphasis>
. Dried fruit with a short gynophore, lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C315812AF88AFCFC005B" bold="true" box="[792,865,1825,1851]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">19–23</emphasis>
. Endocarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31581DFF88AFB97005B" bold="true" box="[1005,1034,1825,1851]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">19</emphasis>
. Lateral view showing the pits.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C315828FF8EFFF47003E" bold="true" box="[189,218,1860,1886]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">20</emphasis>
. Dorsal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31583B7F8EFFE3F003E" bold="true" box="[389,418,1860,1886]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">21</emphasis>
. Opposite lateral view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C315808BF8EFFD4B003E" bold="true" box="[697,726,1860,1886]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">22</emphasis>
. Apical view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C315814DF8EFFC01003E" bold="true" box="[895,924,1860,1886]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">23</emphasis>
. Basal view.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C3158608F8EFFBCA003E" bold="true" box="[1082,1111,1860,1886]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">24</emphasis>
. SEM image of the fruit in transverse section showing spiny tubercles and long and thin hairs on the epicarp.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C31586ADF8CCFB2100E1" bold="true" box="[1183,1212,1895,1921]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">25</emphasis>
. SEM image of the pericarp in transverse section.
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD1C315807CF821FDF600C4" bold="true" box="[590,619,1930,1956]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">26</emphasis>
. SEM image of the cells of the tubercle in its longitudinal section. Images taken from Del Rio (2018). Scale bars: 1–6, 10–14, 18–23 = 10 mm; 7, 24 = 2 mm; 15, 25 = 1 mm; 9 = 500 μm; 16, 26 = 300 μm; 8 = 200 μm; 17 = 30 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="6BD56616FFD2C316828FF87BFDF2008B" box="[189,623,2000,2027]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFD2C316828FF87BFDF2008B" blockId="74.[189,623,2000,2027]" box="[189,623,2000,2027]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="0DDEEA8CFFD2C316828FF87BFE84008A" bold="true" box="[189,281,2000,2026]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 24.</emphasis>
(see full caption on page 74)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3F15369EFFD3C317828FFEA7FABA0404" blockId="75.[189,1399,267,869]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
ENDOCARP. Brown, ovoid to globose in lateral view, lenticular in transverse section, length ca
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, width ca 11.4, thickness ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFD3C31783CAFE9FFDC9062F" box="[504,596,308,335]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
. Sharp keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry. Apex acute, asymmetrical in lateral view; base rounded, symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted and ridged. Pits primarily elongated longitudinally,
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFD3C31780DBFE2CFCEB06C1" box="[745,886,391,417]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.9 mm</quantity>
in length, randomly arranged with ca 5 pits longitudinally and 8 pits transversally (ca 40–42 pits per face). Pits associated with an elongate-flattened tubercles protruding into the locule; tubercles ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFD3C317813AFE72FC3D0693" box="[776,928,473,499]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.43" metricValueMax="8.74" metricValueMin="4.12" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="643.0" valueMax="874.0" valueMin="412.0">412–874 µm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFD3C317867DFE73FB7A0693" box="[1103,1255,472,499]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="425.0" valueMax="450.0" valueMin="400.0">400–450 µm</quantity>
in diameter at the base. Ridges rounded and thin, with a median ridge running longitudinally from the point of the apex to the center of the endocarp length and then splitting into two parts, merging with two lateral ridges. Ridges delimiting a reticulate pattern with 12–14 areoles. Secondary ridges delimiting small areoles more or less enclosing each pit. Endocarp wall
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFD3C3178177FDD6FC4605F7" box="[837,987,637,663]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0100000000000002" metricValueMax="3.2600000000000002" metricValueMin="2.7600000000000002" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="301.0" valueMax="326.0" valueMin="276.0">276–326 µm</quantity>
thick excluding ridges (ca
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFD3C3178729FDD6FAEA05F7" box="[1307,1399,637,663]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="460.0">460 µm</quantity>
thick including ridges). Endocarp wall (excluding pits) with three cell layers: outermost layer with 2–4 rows of anticlinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFD3C31780ABFD64FCA20589" box="[665,831,719,746]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1399999999999997" metricValueMax="2.7399999999999998" metricValueMin="1.54" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="21.4" valueMax="27.4" valueMin="15.4">15.4–27.4 µm</quantity>
in length, followed by a layer with 14–16 rows of periclinally oriented cells, cells 8.0–
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFD3C31780BEFD53FD720472" box="[652,751,760,786]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="14.2">14.2 µm</quantity>
in width; innermost layer with one row of periclinally oriented cells, cells
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFD3C3178391FC8AFDAA045C" box="[419,567,801,828]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.165" metricValueMax="1.56" metricValueMin="0.77" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="11.65" valueMax="15.6" valueMin="7.7">7.7–15.6 µm</quantity>
in width, lining the locule surface with regularly spaced and rounded to elongate papillae; papillae
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFD3C31783CAFCE1FD000405" box="[504,669,842,869]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.46" metricValueMax="1.83" metricValueMin="1.09" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="14.6" valueMax="18.3" valueMin="10.9">10.9–18.3 µm</quantity>
(av.
<quantity id="F8529B7BFFD3C31780E4FCE1FCA70405" box="[726,826,842,869]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="14.8">14.8 µm</quantity>
) in diameter. Locule surface not lacunate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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