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<document id="A597710A903DFDE5CA85EF2FC9829BF3" ID-CLB-Dataset="20773" ID-DOI="10.1111/syen.12522" ID-GBIF-Dataset="564eaad8-6245-4f42-9a88-42b97bf30807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5975346" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1644003985773" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. &amp; Prebus, Matthew M." docDate="2022" docId="03B987A94366FF97FCC0FAA2FEA5D90E" docLanguage="en" docName="systEnt.47.113-151.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Systematic Entomology 47" docTitle="Protrechina Wilson 1985" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="133" masterDocId="FF80FFD14372FF82FFF5FF95FF99D837" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1730916979833" updateUser="juliana">
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<mods:title id="70270074D4661630AF7E4B50964D3F18">Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FBF9E24C43E1071A7A9F1871F68C21AE">Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CC2C912F1ED9F9F99D359A330EB50B3F">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. &amp; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0A82840F91810AAD49953BE49BEF3347">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E60D99E10637EE6F32CFCCB0B323C9BB">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. &amp; Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. &amp; Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B47920B293AF17340405D87132FF83BC">Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C30A65344366FF96FCC0FAA2FB68DD7A" box="[821,1265,1335,1357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4366FF96FCC0FAA2FB68DD7A" blockId="20.[821,1427,1335,1863]" box="[821,1265,1335,1357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FCC0FAA2FB68DD7A" bold="true" box="[821,1265,1335,1357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
On the identity of †
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FBEBFAA2FB74DD7A" ID-CoL="63PM5" authority="Wilson" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1985" box="[1054,1261,1335,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FBEBFAA2FB0DDD7B" bold="true" box="[1054,1172,1335,1356]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Protrechina</emphasis>
Wilson
</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30A65344366FF97FAF5FAADFEA5D90E" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4366FF97FAF5FAADFEA5D90E" blockId="20.[821,1427,1335,1863]" lastBlockId="21.[161,767,172,313]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FAF5FAADFA0ADD7A" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[1280,1427,1336,1357]" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="205 - 216" part="92" refId="ref39645" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1985) Ants from the Cretaceous and Eocene amber of North America. Psyche, 92, 205 - 216." title="Ants from the Cretaceous and Eocene amber of North America" type="journal article" year="1985">Wilson (1985)</bibRefCitation>
described a genus putatively close to
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FB59FAC3FAB1DD5C" authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[1196,1320,1366,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FB59FAC3FAB1DD5C" box="[1196,1320,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Paratrechina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64366FF96FAC4FAC0FA0ADD5D" box="[1329,1427,1365,1386]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FCA6FAE6FC23DDBF" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[851,954,1395,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FCA6FAE6FC23DDBF" box="[851,954,1395,1416]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Prenolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group) from mid-Eocene Claiborne amber (Arkansas, 40.437.2 Ma;
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FBCBFA04FA88DD91" author="Saunders, W. B. &amp; Mapes, R. H. &amp; Carpenter, F. M. &amp; Elsik, W. C." box="[1086,1297,1425,1446]" journalOrPublisher="GSA Bulletin" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="979 - 984" part="85" refId="ref37568" refString="Saunders, W. B., Mapes, R. H., Carpenter, F. M. &amp; Elsik, W. C. (1974) Fossiliferous amber from the Eocene (Claiborne) of the Gulf coastal plain. GSA Bulletin, 85, 979 - 984." title="Fossiliferous amber from the Eocene (Claiborne) of the Gulf coastal plain" type="journal article" year="1974">
Saunders
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FB68FA04FB49DD91" box="[1181,1232,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">et al.</emphasis>
, 1974
</bibRefCitation>
). This genus, †
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FCB4FA3AFC2BDDF3" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1985" box="[833,946,1455,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FCB4FA3AFC2BDDF3" box="[833,946,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Protrechina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, supposedly differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FB58FA3AFAB0DDF3" authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[1197,1321,1455,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FB58FA3AFAB0DDF3" box="[1197,1321,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Paratrechina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64366FF96FAC5FA3AFACBDDF3" box="[1328,1362,1455,1476]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FAC5FA3AFAD4DDF3" box="[1328,1357,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">s. l</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FA95FA3AFC20DDD6" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lepisiota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FA95FA3AFCFDDDD5" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Lepisiota</emphasis>
Santschi
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FC16FA58FB32DDD6" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[995,1195,1484,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachymyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FC16FA58FBEADDD5" box="[995,1139,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Brachymyrmex</emphasis>
Mayr
</taxonomicName>
among other, unstated formicines by the absence of standing macrosetae on the mesosomal dorsum, a state similar to that observed for
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FA93F99DFCE0DE0C" authority="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus, 2022" authorityName="Boudinot &amp; Borowiec &amp; Prebus" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FA93F99DFCE0DE0C" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Metalasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FC71F9B0FC4EDE0C" bold="true" box="[900,983,1573,1595]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64366FF96FC71F9B0FC4EDE0C" box="[900,983,1573,1595]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" rank="genus">gen.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
as noted below. The genus has been variably treated as a lasiine (
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FBBCF9D6FB48DE6F" author="Bolton, B." bookContentInfo="p. 222" box="[1097,1233,1603,1624]" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" refId="ref31447" refString="Bolton, B. (1994) Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World, p. 222. Harvard University Press, Cambridge." title="Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World" type="book" year="1994">Bolton, 1994</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FB16F9D6FA8FDE6F" author="Bolton, B." bookContentInfo="p. 504" box="[1251,1302,1603,1624]" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" refId="ref31474" refString="Bolton, B. (1995) A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World, p. 504. Harvard University Press, Cambridge." title="A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World" type="book" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FADDF9D6FC59DE41" author="LaPolla, J. S. &amp; Dlussky, G. M." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="258 - 273" part="112" refId="ref35305" refString="LaPolla, J. S. &amp; Dlussky, G. M. (2010) Review of fossil Prenolepis genus-group species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 112, 258 - 273." title="Review of fossil Prenolepis genus-group species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">LaPolla &amp; Dlussky, 2010</bibRefCitation>
), a prenolepidine (
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FB8AF9F4FA11DE41" author="Holldobler, B. &amp; Wilson, E. O." bookContentInfo="xii + 732 pp." box="[1151,1416,1633,1654]" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts." pageId="20" pageNumber="133" refId="ref34528" refString="Holldobler, B. &amp; Wilson, E. O. (1990) The Ants. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. xii + 732 pp." title="The Ants" type="book" year="1990">Hölldobler &amp; Wilson, 1990</bibRefCitation>
), or as
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FC9DF9EAFC75DEA3" box="[872,1004,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">incertae sedis</emphasis>
in the subfamily where it remains at present (
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FCC9F908FC5EDE85" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[828,967,1693,1714]" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="205 - 216" part="92" refId="ref39645" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1985) Ants from the Cretaceous and Eocene amber of North America. Psyche, 92, 205 - 216." title="Ants from the Cretaceous and Eocene amber of North America" type="journal article" year="1985">Wilson, 1985</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FC2DF908FB6EDE85" author="Dlussky, G. M. &amp; Fedoseeva, E. B." bookContentInfo="232 pp." box="[984,1271,1693,1714]" editor="Ponomarenko, A. G." journalOrPublisher="Moskva: Nauka" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="70 - 144" refId="ref33007" refString="Dlussky, G. M. &amp; Fedoseeva, E. B. (1988) Origin and early stages of evolution in ants [in Russian]. Pp. 70 - 144 in: Ponomarenko, A. G. (ed.) Cretaceous Biocenotic Crisis and Insect Evolution. [in Russian.]. Moskva: Nauka, 232 pp." title="Origin and early stages of evolution in ants" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Cretaceous Biocenotic Crisis and Insect Evolution" year="1988">Dlussky &amp; Fedoseeva 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FAFDF908FA16DE85" author="Bolton, B." box="[1288,1423,1693,1714]" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 370" part="71" refId="ref31502" refString="Bolton, B. (2003) Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 71, 1 - 370." title="Synopsis and classification of Formicidae" type="journal article" year="2003">Bolton, 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FCC0F92EFC72DEE7" author="Ward, P. S. &amp; Blaimer, B. B. &amp; Fisher, B. L." box="[821,1003,1723,1744]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="343 - 357" part="4072" refId="ref39006" refString="Ward, P. S., Blaimer, B. B. &amp; Fisher, B. L. (2016) A revised phylogenetic classification of the ant subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with resurrection of the genera Colobopsis and Dinoponera. Zootaxa, 4072, 343 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / Zootaxa. 4072.3.4." title="A revised phylogenetic classification of the ant subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with resurrection of the genera Colobopsis and Dinoponera" type="journal article" year="2016">
Ward
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FC87F92EFC3EDEE7" box="[882,935,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">et al.</emphasis>
, 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). The type specimen of †
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FB05F92EFC5EDEDA" authority="Wilson" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FB05F92EFCE0DED9" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Protrechina carpenteri</emphasis>
Wilson
</taxonomicName>
, at the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard), should be reexamined to evaluate its tribal, and perhaps generic, placement. This would be particularly valuable given the approximately mid-Eocene origin of the
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FAD9F8A7FA0ADF70" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[1324,1427,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FAD9F8A7FA0ADF70" box="[1324,1427,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Prenolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus group here inferred (
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FE4AFF39FD98D8F6" box="[447,513,172,193]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,184,1709,1729]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Results from phylogenetic analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset analyzed with MrBayes using the fossilized birth-death branch length prior and the IGR clock variation prior. Fossil taxa are indicated by a dagger preceding the name. Node support values are in Bayesian posterior probability. Filled circles indicate full support. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975358/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
; Table 5); such a study will be facilitated by use of micro-CT (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4367FF97FD7BFF5FFE8FD8CA" author="Hita-Garcia, F. &amp; Fischer, G. &amp; Liu, C. &amp; Audisio, T. L. &amp; Economo, E. P." journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="33 - 93" part="693" refId="ref34414" refString="Hita-Garcia, F., Fischer, G., Liu, C., Audisio, T. L. &amp; Economo, E. P. (2017) Next-generation morphological character discovery and evaluation: an X-ray micro-CT enhanced revision of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae) in the Afrotropics. ZooKeys, 693, 33 - 93." title="Next-generation morphological character discovery and evaluation: an X-ray micro-CT enhanced revision of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae) in the Afrotropics" type="journal article" year="2017">
Hita-Garcia
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FF54FF7DFF4CD8CA" box="[161,213,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017
</bibRefCitation>
;
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, in press), given the poor condition of the specimen reported by
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.
</paragraph>
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