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<mods:title>Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="621858B71D8286E2AEC7CC176CF0B336">Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9066EFE5FC5FDDB6AD5A01446FB33867">Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CC907EB5F648ADBC897C9874DC8FD3A1">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A160942E4327144958010E5EB5808E7E">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1FC1CDD7B0887CB84BCCCD5C25C38DC8">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6190741DF69E1FB1A8B7FE4FD0DA8045">Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7B6C0FD54A55483BF72F552E2C75EC98">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FCCBF92DFAA9DEF9" bold="true" box="[830,1328,1720,1742]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
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Exclusion of †
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||||
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[975,1148,1720,1741]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Glaphyromyrmex</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FC3AF92DFBE5DEFA" bold="true" box="[975,1148,1720,1741]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Glaphyromyrmex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FB17F92DFAB5DEF9" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1250,1324,1720,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
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:
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</emphasis>
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The Baltic amber formicine, †
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<emphasis box="[1011,1177,1751,1772]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Glaphyromyrmex</emphasis>
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|
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD4361FF91FC06F942FB00DEDB" box="[1011,1177,1751,1772]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Glaphyromyrmex</emphasis>
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Wheeler
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</taxonomicName>
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, was placed in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[830,924,1781,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Formicini">Formicini</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FCCBF960FC05DF3D" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[830,924,1781,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Formicini">Formicini</taxonomicName>
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until recently (
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||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[1084,1233,1781,1802]" journalOrPublisher="Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 142" part="55" refId="ref39440" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915 1914) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." title="The ants of the Baltic Amber" type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4361FF91FBC9F960FB48DF3D" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[1084,1233,1781,1802]" journalOrPublisher="Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="1 - 142" part="55" refId="ref39440" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915 1914) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." title="The ants of the Baltic Amber" type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Donisthorpe, H." box="[1247,1432,1781,1802]" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="617 - 688" part="10" refId="ref33214" refString="Donisthorpe, H. (1943) A list of the type-species of the genera and subgenera of the Formicidae. [part]. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10, 617 - 688." title="A list of the type-species of the genera and subgenera of the Formicidae" type="journal article" year="1943">Donisthorpe, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4361FF91FB2AF960FA01DF3D" author="Donisthorpe, H." box="[1247,1432,1781,1802]" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="617 - 688" part="10" refId="ref33214" refString="Donisthorpe, H. (1943) A list of the type-species of the genera and subgenera of the Formicidae. [part]. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 10, 617 - 688." title="A list of the type-species of the genera and subgenera of the Formicidae" type="journal article" year="1943">Donisthorpe, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[830,975,1811,1832]" journalOrPublisher="Paleontological Journal" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="69 - 77" part="1" refId="ref32888" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (1967) Ants of the genus Formica from the Baltic Amber. Paleontological Journal, 1, 69 - 77." title="Ants of the genus Formica from the Baltic Amber" type="journal article" year="1967">Dlussky, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4361FF91FCCBF886FC56DF1F" author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[830,975,1811,1832]" journalOrPublisher="Paleontological Journal" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="69 - 77" part="1" refId="ref32888" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (1967) Ants of the genus Formica from the Baltic Amber. Paleontological Journal, 1, 69 - 77." title="Ants of the genus Formica from the Baltic Amber" type="journal article" year="1967">Dlussky, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Dlussky, G. M. & Fedoseeva, E. B." bookContentInfo="232 pp." box="[991,1275,1811,1832]" editor="Ponomarenko, A. G." journalOrPublisher="Moskva: Nauka" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="70 - 144" refId="ref33007" refString="Dlussky, G. M. & Fedoseeva, E. B. (1988) Origin and early stages of evolution in ants [in Russian]. Pp. 70 - 144 in: Ponomarenko, A. G. (ed.) Cretaceous Biocenotic Crisis and Insect Evolution. [in Russian.]. Moskva: Nauka, 232 pp." title="Origin and early stages of evolution in ants" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Cretaceous Biocenotic Crisis and Insect Evolution" year="1988">Dlussky & Fedoseeva 1988</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4361FF91FC2AF886FB62DF1F" author="Dlussky, G. M. & Fedoseeva, E. B." bookContentInfo="232 pp." box="[991,1275,1811,1832]" editor="Ponomarenko, A. G." journalOrPublisher="Moskva: Nauka" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="70 - 144" refId="ref33007" refString="Dlussky, G. M. & Fedoseeva, E. B. (1988) Origin and early stages of evolution in ants [in Russian]. Pp. 70 - 144 in: Ponomarenko, A. G. (ed.) Cretaceous Biocenotic Crisis and Insect Evolution. [in Russian.]. Moskva: Nauka, 232 pp." title="Origin and early stages of evolution in ants" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Cretaceous Biocenotic Crisis and Insect Evolution" year="1988">Dlussky & Fedoseeva 1988</bibRefCitation>
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||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bolton, B." bookContentInfo="p. 222" box="[1291,1425,1811,1832]" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" refId="ref31447" refString="Bolton, B. (1994) Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World, p. 222. Harvard University Press, Cambridge." title="Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World" type="book" year="1994">Bolton, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4361FF91FAFEF886FA08DF1F" author="Bolton, B." bookContentInfo="p. 222" box="[1291,1425,1811,1832]" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" refId="ref31447" refString="Bolton, B. (1994) Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World, p. 222. Harvard University Press, Cambridge." title="Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World" type="book" year="1994">Bolton, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), when
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[895,1050,1842,1863]" journalOrPublisher="Paleontological Journal" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="500 - 513" part="42" refId="ref33073" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (2008) Ants of the tribe Formicini (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene amber of Europe. Paleontological Journal, 42, 500 - 513." title="Ants of the tribe Formicini (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene amber of Europe" type="journal article" year="2008">Dlussky (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4361FF91FC8AF8A7FB83DF70" author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[895,1050,1842,1863]" journalOrPublisher="Paleontological Journal" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="500 - 513" part="42" refId="ref33073" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (2008) Ants of the tribe Formicini (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene amber of Europe. Paleontological Journal, 42, 500 - 513." title="Ants of the tribe Formicini (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene amber of Europe" type="journal article" year="2008">Dlussky (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
transferred the genus to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1364,1434,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4361FF91FAA1F8A7FA03DF70" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1364,1434,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Placement of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[306,472,1336,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Glaphyromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[306,472,1336,1357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Glaphyromyrmex</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FEC7FAADFE41DD7A" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[306,472,1336,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Glaphyromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FEC7FAADFE41DD7A" box="[306,472,1336,1357]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Glaphyromyrmex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[554,620,1336,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FDDFFAADFDF5DD7A" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[554,620,1336,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is counterintuitive given presence of a ventral double-row of setae on its metatibiae, a state which does not occur in any lasiine. Intuitive placement of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[393,559,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Glaphyromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[393,559,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Glaphyromyrmex</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FE7CFA04FDB6DD91" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[393,559,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Glaphyromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FE7CFA04FDB6DD91" box="[393,559,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Glaphyromyrmex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on morphology is challenging, however. †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[461,627,1455,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Glaphyromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[461,627,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Glaphyromyrmex</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FE38FA3AFDEADDF3" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[461,627,1455,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Glaphyromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FE38FA3AFDEADDF3" box="[461,627,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Glaphyromyrmex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from members of all formicine tribes in which double seta rows occur (
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[222,320,1514,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Formicini">Formicini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FF2BFA7FFED9DDC8" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[222,320,1514,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Formicini">Formicini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Camponotini, some Melophorini). Specifically, †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[224,390,1544,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Glaphyromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[224,390,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Glaphyromyrmex</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FF15F99DFE1FDE2A" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[224,390,1544,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Glaphyromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FF15F99DFE1FDE2A" box="[224,390,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Glaphyromyrmex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[564,658,1544,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Formicini">Formicini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FDC1F99DFD0BDE2A" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[564,658,1544,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Formicini">Formicini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and most Camponotini in eye position (eyes set at about head midlength), from the Camponotini in having antennal toruli which abut the posterior clypeal margin (vs widely separated), and from the Melophorini, which have well-defined dorsal and ventral flaps surrounding the metapleural gland, a conformation that is apparently absent in †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[397,563,1723,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Glaphyromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[397,563,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Glaphyromyrmex</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FE78F92EFDAADEE7" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[397,563,1723,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Glaphyromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FE78F92EFDAADEE7" box="[397,563,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Glaphyromyrmex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Recognizing these differences, however, we transfer †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[483,649,1753,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Glaphyromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[483,649,1753,1774]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Glaphyromyrmex</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FE16F94CFD10DED9" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[483,649,1753,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Glaphyromyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FE16F94CFD10DED9" box="[483,649,1753,1774]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Glaphyromyrmex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
back to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,245,1782,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Formicini">Formicini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FF62F963FF6CDF3C" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,245,1782,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Formicini">Formicini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[264,413,1782,1804]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">tribal transfer</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FEFDF963FE04DF3B" bold="true" box="[264,413,1782,1804]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">tribal transfer</emphasis>
|
||||
) based on our combined analyses (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[159,216,1812,1833]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,184,1709,1729]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Results from phylogenetic analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset analyzed with MrBayes using the fossilized birth-death branch length prior and the IGR clock variation prior. Fossil taxa are indicated by a dagger preceding the name. Node support values are in Bayesian posterior probability. Filled circles indicate full support. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975358/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4366FF96FF6AF881FF41DF1E" box="[159,216,1812,1833]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,184,1709,1729]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Results from phylogenetic analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset analyzed with MrBayes using the fossilized birth-death branch length prior and the IGR clock variation prior. Fossil taxa are indicated by a dagger preceding the name. Node support values are in Bayesian posterior probability. Filled circles indicate full support. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975358/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and recommend revised study of the fine-scale external anatomy of the fossil taxon.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,618 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303230" ID-GBIF-Dataset="564eaad8-6245-4f42-9a88-42b97bf30807" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278228" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303230" approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1644003985773" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M." docDate="2022" docId="03B987A94364FF95FCBDFF60FC1ADA70" docLanguage="en" docName="systEnt.47.113-151.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Systematic Entomology 47" docTitle="Lasius Fabricius 1804" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="136" masterDocId="FF80FFD14372FF82FFF5FF95FF99D837" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="113" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" updateTime="1646046328535" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Systematic Entomology</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number>2022-01-10</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>47</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>113</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>151</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1111/syen.12522</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">564eaad8-6245-4f42-9a88-42b97bf30807</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5975346</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303230" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278228" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303230" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A94364FF95FCBDFF60FC1ADA70" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A94364FF95FCBDFF60FC1ADA70" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
<subSubSection box="[840,1138,245,267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="22.[840,1256,245,445]" box="[840,1138,245,267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
<heading bold="true" box="[840,1138,245,267]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" reason="6">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,1138,245,267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Fabricius, 1804" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[911,1138,245,267]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[911,976,245,266]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Fabricius, J. C." bookContentInfo="xiv + 15 - 439 + 30 pp." box="[982,1138,245,267]" journalOrPublisher="Brunswick: C. Reichard" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" refId="ref33561" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1804) Systema Piezatorum Secundum Ordines, Genera, Species, Adjectis Synonymis, Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus. Brunswick: C. Reichard. xiv + 15 - 439 + 30 pp." title="Systema Piezatorum Secundum Ordines, Genera, Species, Adjectis Synonymis, Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus" type="book" year="1804">Fabricius, 1804</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="135" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="22.[840,1256,245,445]" box="[840,1256,275,296]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
=
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[862,1252,275,296]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[862,994,275,296]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Donisthorpea</emphasis>
|
||||
Morice and Durrant, 1915
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="22.[840,1256,245,445]" box="[840,1202,304,326]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
=
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Mayr, 1862" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[862,1119,304,326]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthomyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[862,1003,305,326]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Acanthomyops</emphasis>
|
||||
Mayr, 1862
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1125,1202,304,326]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">syn.rev.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="22.[840,1256,245,445]" box="[840,1186,334,356]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
=
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Faber" authorityYear="1967" box="[862,1099,334,355]" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Austrolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[862,980,334,355]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Austrolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Faber, W." box="[986,1099,334,355]" journalOrPublisher="Pflanzenschultz Berichte" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="73 - 107" part="36" refId="ref33510" refString="Faber, W. (1967) Beitrage zur Kenntnis sozialparasitischer Ameisen. I. Lasius (Austrolasius n. sg.) reginae n. sp., eine neue temporar sozialparasitische Erdameise aus Osterreich (Hym. Formicidae). Pflanzenschultz Berichte, 36, 73 - 107." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis sozialparasitischer Ameisen. I. Lasius (Austrolasius n. sg.) reginae n. sp., eine neue temporar sozialparasitische Erdameise aus Osterreich (Hym. Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1967">Faber, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1105,1186,334,356]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">syn.nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="22.[840,1256,245,445]" box="[840,1198,363,385]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
=
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1955" box="[862,1110,364,385]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cautolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[862,976,364,385]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Cautolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, E. O." box="[982,1110,364,385]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1116,1198,363,385]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">syn.nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="22.[840,1256,245,445]" box="[840,1223,393,415]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
=
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Ruzsky" authorityName="Ruzsky" box="[862,1136,394,415]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chthonolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[862,1000,394,415]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Chthonolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
Ruzsky, 1912
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1142,1223,393,415]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">syn.nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="22.[840,1256,245,445]" box="[840,1213,423,445]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
=
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Ruzsky, 1912" authorityName="Ruzsky" authorityYear="1912" box="[862,1125,423,444]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthomyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Dendrolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[862,990,423,444]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Dendrolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
Ruzsky, 1912
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1131,1213,423,445]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">syn.nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection box="[840,1388,474,495]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="22.[821,1427,474,1863]" box="[840,1388,474,495]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[840,966,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Type species.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[971,1262,474,495]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[971,1108,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Formica nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Linnaeus, C." bookContentInfo="824 pp." box="[1115,1262,474,495]" journalOrPublisher="L. Salvii" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" refId="ref35691" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae [= Stockholm]: L. Salvii, 824 pp." title="Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(=
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1298,1373,474,495]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1298,1373,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">L. niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="22.[821,1427,474,1863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[840,1166,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Subgeneric classification remarks</emphasis>
|
||||
. The modern body of taxonomic work on
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[992,1054,534,555]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[992,1054,534,555]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was initiated by Wilson’s revision of the genus (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, E. O." box="[929,1064,563,584]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), which was classified into four subgenera at the time:
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1955" box="[1012,1126,593,614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cautolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1012,1126,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Cautolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruzsky" box="[1141,1279,593,614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chthonolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1141,1279,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Chthonolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruzsky" authorityYear="1912" box="[1293,1421,593,614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthomyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Dendrolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1293,1421,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Dendrolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[865,927,623,644]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[865,927,623,644]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[936,990,623,644]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
In this work, Wilson provided a phylogeny of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[848,910,653,674]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[848,910,653,674]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[924,1000,653,674]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,184,1743,1763]" captionTargetBox="[184,1393,1309,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-289@2.[184,1394,1309,1713]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Comparison of phylogenetic hypotheses for Lasius; red indicates paraphyly of Lasius sensu stricto, orange of Lasius (Cautolasius) and violet of Lasius (Chthonolasius). (A) Intuition-based topology from Wilson (1955). (B, C) combined morphological and mitochondrial topologies of Janda et al. (2004), and Maruyama et al. (2008). (D) Consensus topology from the current study; see Table 4 for Bayes factor tests of our constraint analyses." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975350" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975350/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||||
), but this treatment was an intuitive account of what he considered trends in the evolution of the morphology and biogeography of the genus. Subsequently, the subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Faber" authorityYear="1967" box="[821,939,742,763]" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Austrolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[821,939,742,763]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Austrolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was erected for a few socially parasitic species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Faber, W." box="[827,943,772,793]" journalOrPublisher="Pflanzenschultz Berichte" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="73 - 107" part="36" refId="ref33510" refString="Faber, W. (1967) Beitrage zur Kenntnis sozialparasitischer Ameisen. I. Lasius (Austrolasius n. sg.) reginae n. sp., eine neue temporar sozialparasitische Erdameise aus Osterreich (Hym. Formicidae). Pflanzenschultz Berichte, 36, 73 - 107." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis sozialparasitischer Ameisen. I. Lasius (Austrolasius n. sg.) reginae n. sp., eine neue temporar sozialparasitische Erdameise aus Osterreich (Hym. Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1967">Faber, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), andthe former genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[1159,1300,772,793]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthomyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1159,1300,772,793]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Acanthomyops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was included in
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[846,908,801,822]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[846,908,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as the sixth subgenus (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Ward, P. S." box="[1129,1246,801,822]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 68" part="936" refId="ref38944" refString="Ward, P. S. (2005) A synoptic review of the ants of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 936, 1 - 68." title="A synoptic review of the ants of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2005">Ward, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="22.[821,1427,474,1863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
The first phylogenetic inference based on molecular data was presented by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hasegawa, E." box="[956,1128,861,882]" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Science" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="133 - 135" part="1" refId="ref34212" refString="Hasegawa, E. (1998) Phylogeny and host-parasite relationships in social parasitism in Lasius ants. Entomological Science, 1, 133 - 135." title="Phylogeny and host-parasite relationships in social parasitism in Lasius ants" type="journal article" year="1998">Hasegawa (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, who used COI to investigate relationships of four
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[1040,1183,890,912]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1040,1102,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(phylogeny not figured here). Since then, two major attempts at resolving the phylogeny were presented by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Janda, M. & Folkova, D. & Zrzavy, J." box="[1084,1271,950,971]" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="595 - 614" part="33" refId="ref34597" refString="Janda, M., Folkova, D. & Zrzavy, J. (2004) Phylogeny of Lasius ants based on mitochondrial DNA and morphology, and the evolution of social parasitism in the Lasiini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33, 595 - 614." title="Phylogeny of Lasius ants based on mitochondrial DNA and morphology, and the evolution of social parasitism in the Lasiini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||||
Janda
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1147,1199,950,971]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2004)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Maruyama, M. & Steiner, F. M. & Stauffer, C. & Akino, T. & Crozier, R. H. & Schlick-Steiner, B. C." journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 15" part="8" refId="ref35850" refString="Maruyama, M., Steiner, F. M., Stauffer, C., Akino, T., Crozier, R. H. & Schlick-Steiner, B. C. (2008) A DNA and morphology based phylogenetic framework of the ant genus Lasius with hypotheses for the evolution of social parasitism and fungiculture. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 8, 1 - 15. Article 237. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 8 - 237." title="A DNA and morphology based phylogenetic framework of the ant genus Lasius with hypotheses for the evolution of social parasitism and fungiculture" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||||
Maruyama
|
||||
<emphasis box="[821,871,980,1001]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2008)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[956,1063,980,1001]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,184,1743,1763]" captionTargetBox="[184,1393,1309,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-289@2.[184,1394,1309,1713]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Comparison of phylogenetic hypotheses for Lasius; red indicates paraphyly of Lasius sensu stricto, orange of Lasius (Cautolasius) and violet of Lasius (Chthonolasius). (A) Intuition-based topology from Wilson (1955). (B, C) combined morphological and mitochondrial topologies of Janda et al. (2004), and Maruyama et al. (2008). (D) Consensus topology from the current study; see Table 4 for Bayes factor tests of our constraint analyses." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975350" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975350/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Fig. 1B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Both studies used a combination of morphological characters and molecular data, including mitochondrial markers (COI, COII, tRNA-Leu, 16S). Amore recent effort focused on the phylogeny of European species related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[821,897,1099,1120]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[821,897,1099,1120]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">L. niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[913,975,1099,1120]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[913,975,1099,1120]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[983,1036,1098,1119]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
) and included nuclear genes
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1319,1385,1099,1120]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">LW Rh</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis box="[821,849,1128,1149]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">wg</emphasis>
|
||||
in addition to 16S and COI (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Talavera, G. & Espadaler, X. & Vila, R." box="[1125,1326,1128,1149]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="589 - 601" part="42" refId="ref38651" refString="Talavera, G., Espadaler, X. & Vila, R. (2015 2014) Discovered just before extinction? The first endemic ant from the Balearic Islands (Lasius balearicus sp. nov.) is endangered by climate change. Journal of Biogeography, 42, 589 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 12438." title="Discovered just before extinction? The first endemic ant from the Balearic Islands (Lasius balearicus sp. nov.) is endangered by climate change" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Talavera
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1214,1263,1128,1149]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="22.[821,1427,474,1863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
To date, the monophyly of the subgenera has not been questioned except for the nominotypical subgenus (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Janda, M. & Folkova, D. & Zrzavy, J." journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="595 - 614" part="33" refId="ref34597" refString="Janda, M., Folkova, D. & Zrzavy, J. (2004) Phylogeny of Lasius ants based on mitochondrial DNA and morphology, and the evolution of social parasitism in the Lasiini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33, 595 - 614." title="Phylogeny of Lasius ants based on mitochondrial DNA and morphology, and the evolution of social parasitism in the Lasiini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||||
Janda
|
||||
<emphasis box="[821,872,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">etal.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2004
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Maruyama, M. & Steiner, F. M. & Stauffer, C. & Akino, T. & Crozier, R. H. & Schlick-Steiner, B. C." box="[948,1177,1217,1239]" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 15" part="8" refId="ref35850" refString="Maruyama, M., Steiner, F. M., Stauffer, C., Akino, T., Crozier, R. H. & Schlick-Steiner, B. C. (2008) A DNA and morphology based phylogenetic framework of the ant genus Lasius with hypotheses for the evolution of social parasitism and fungiculture. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 8, 1 - 15. Article 237. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 8 - 237." title="A DNA and morphology based phylogenetic framework of the ant genus Lasius with hypotheses for the evolution of social parasitism and fungiculture" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||||
Maruyama
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1060,1111,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">etal.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2008
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Recently,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Seifert, B." box="[1293,1423,1217,1238]" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="15 - 86" part="92" refId="ref38209" refString="Seifert, B. (2020) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Soil Organisms, 92, 15 - 86." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2020">Seifert (2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, p. 21) stated that there is clear justification for elevating the subgenera to generic status. Such an action would considerably complicate the classification of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[1159,1221,1307,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1159,1221,1307,1328]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group because of the robustly supported paraphyly of the subgenera that we have uncovered here (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[1034,1115,1366,1387]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,184,1743,1763]" captionTargetBox="[184,1393,1309,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-289@2.[184,1394,1309,1713]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Comparison of phylogenetic hypotheses for Lasius; red indicates paraphyly of Lasius sensu stricto, orange of Lasius (Cautolasius) and violet of Lasius (Chthonolasius). (A) Intuition-based topology from Wilson (1955). (B, C) combined morphological and mitochondrial topologies of Janda et al. (2004), and Maruyama et al. (2008). (D) Consensus topology from the current study; see Table 4 for Bayes factor tests of our constraint analyses." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975350" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975350/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Figs 1D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[1126,1140,1366,1387]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1502,1522]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,172,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[157,1422,172,1472]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. Molecular phylogeny of the Lasiini inferred from Bayesian analysis of the Lasiini_55t data matrix.Node support values are reported as Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI) versus maximum likelihood bootstrap (ML). Filled circles at nodes indicate full support from both analyses. An asterisk (*) indicates that the topology of the ML analysis diverged from the BI analysis at the given node." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975352/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
, S
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[1168,1178,1366,1387]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,184,1743,1763]" captionTargetBox="[184,1393,1309,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-289@2.[184,1394,1309,1713]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Comparison of phylogenetic hypotheses for Lasius; red indicates paraphyly of Lasius sensu stricto, orange of Lasius (Cautolasius) and violet of Lasius (Chthonolasius). (A) Intuition-based topology from Wilson (1955). (B, C) combined morphological and mitochondrial topologies of Janda et al. (2004), and Maruyama et al. (2008). (D) Consensus topology from the current study; see Table 4 for Bayes factor tests of our constraint analyses." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975350" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975350/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">1</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<tableCitation box="[1190,1264,1366,1387]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="7.[830,883,172,192]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Table 4. Bayes Factor results, testing alternative placements of Metalasius and the monophyly of the subgenera using the Lasiini_55t matrix." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6F66374375FF85FCCBFF39FCE4D8C2" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" tableUuid="DF6F66374375FF85FCCBFF39FCE4D8C2">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Specifically, in order to retain monophyly at the genus rank, four new genera would need to be erected for the species groups of
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1332,1421,1426,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1332,1421,1426,1447]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1906" box="[821,920,1455,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[821,920,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[934,998,1455,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[934,998,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">atopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Provancher" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1056,1153,1455,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallitarsis">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1056,1153,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">pallitarsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. An additional issue would be the placement of the species which have not been sequenced, particularly those of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1060,1110,1515,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1060,1110,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species group and, for example, the recently described
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" box="[1039,1250,1544,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1039,1177,1545,1566]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">L. brevipalpus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which is
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||||
in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[936,986,1574,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[936,986,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade. The strongest morphological reorganization at the generic or subgeneric levels would be to recognize the reciprocally monophyletic
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1114,1164,1634,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1114,1164,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1211,1267,1634,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1211,1267,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clades as
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[1364,1426,1634,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1364,1426,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[867,1008,1663,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthomyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[867,1008,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Acanthomyops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, respectively, but we refrain from doing so here (for our rationale, see ‘Species group classification of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[821,883,1723,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[821,883,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’ below).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="22.[821,1427,474,1863]" lastBlockId="23.[161,767,172,1863]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[840,1113,1753,1774]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Comments on extant species</emphasis>
|
||||
. We determine that one species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Reza" authorityName="Reza" authorityYear="1925" box="[821,1043,1782,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escamole">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[821,984,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius escamole</emphasis>
|
||||
Reza
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
should be excluded from
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[1318,1380,1782,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1318,1380,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and considered a junior synonym of the dolichoderine
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Liometopum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apiculatum" status="syn.nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Liometopum apiculatum</emphasis>
|
||||
Mayr
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[996,1077,1841,1863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[996,1077,1841,1863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">syn.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Reza, A." box="[1085,1204,1842,1863]" journalOrPublisher="Memorias y Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica " Antonio Alzate" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 22" part="44" refId="ref37226" refString="Reza, A. (1925) Recursos alimenticios de Mexico de origen animal poco conocidos. Memorias y Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica " Antonio Alzate ", 44, 1 - 22." title="Recursos alimenticios de Mexico de origen animal poco conocidos" type="journal article" year="1925">Reza (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reza" authorityYear="1925" box="[1311,1427,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escamole">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1311,1427,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">L. escamole</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the context of a cultural study on the eponymous traditional Mexican dish known tobe made from the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="(Hoey-Chamberlain et al., 2013)" authorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityName="Hoey-Chamberlain" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Liometopum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apiculatum">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[636,767,202,223]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. apiculatum</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hoey-Chamberlain, R. & Rust, M. K. & Klotz, J. H." box="[167,474,232,253]" journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 10" part="60" refId="ref34482" refString="Hoey-Chamberlain, R., Rust, M. K. & Klotz, J. H. (2013) A review of the biology, ecology and behavior of velvety tree ants of North America. Sociobiology, 60, 1 - 10." title="A review of the biology, ecology and behavior of velvety tree ants of North America" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||||
Hoey-Chamberlain
|
||||
<emphasis box="[359,409,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2013
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Although Reza’s description and illustrations are extremely vague, it is possible to see details that point to a dolichoderine identity. In the figures of the original description, the mandibles have long masticatory margin and small, sharp, even denticles, the ventral metasoma is shown as a slit-like anal opening rather than a formicine-like acidopore, and various figures display the fine, dense, appressed pilosity characteristic of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[403,583,440,462]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Liometopum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[403,523,441,462]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Liometopum</emphasis>
|
||||
Mayr
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but no erect setae as expected for
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[311,373,471,492]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[311,373,471,492]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="23.[161,767,172,1863]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
Many species have been added to
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[507,569,500,521]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[507,569,500,521]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
since Wilson’s revision, mostly in Europe and Mediterranean, while North American taxa have largely remained untreated except for a thorough revision of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[324,465,590,611]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthomyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[324,465,590,611]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Acanthomyops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wing, M. W." box="[478,604,590,611]" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 173" part="405" refId="ref39673" refString="Wing, M. W. (1968 a) Taxonomic revision of the Nearctic genus Acanthomyops (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Memoirs of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, 405, 1 - 173." title="Taxonomic revision of the Nearctic genus Acanthomyops (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1968">Wing, 1968a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wing, M. W." box="[615,678,590,611]" journalOrPublisher="Dissertation Abstracts. B. Sciences and Engineering" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="3934" part="28" refId="ref39711" refString="Wing, M. W. (1968 b) A taxonomic revision of the Nearctic genus Acanthomyops Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). [Abstract.]. Dissertation Abstracts. B. Sciences and Engineering, 28, 3934." title="A taxonomic revision of the Nearctic genus Acanthomyops Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). [Abstract.]" type="journal article" year="1968">1968b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Careful research has revealed multiple Palaearctic
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[581,722,619,641]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[581,643,620,641]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
that show only subtle morphological differentiation from close relatives (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Seifert, B." box="[230,359,679,700]" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 16" part="57" refId="ref37915" refString="Seifert, B. (1983) The taxonomical and ecological status of Lasius myops Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and first description of its males. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz, 57, 1 - 16." title="The taxonomical and ecological status of Lasius myops Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and first description of its males" type="journal article" year="1983">Seifert, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Seifert, B." box="[371,421,679,700]" journalOrPublisher="Doriana, Supplemento agli Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale " G. Doria ". GEN" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 13" part="6" refId="ref37997" refString="Seifert, B. (1990) Supplementation to the revision of European species of the ant subgenus Chthonolasius Ruzsky, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Doriana, Supplemento agli Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale " G. Doria ". GEN, 6, 1 - 13." title="Supplementation to the revision of European species of the ant subgenus Chthonolasius Ruzsky, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Seifert, B." box="[433,483,679,700]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologia Generalis" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="69 - 81" part="16" refId="ref38050" refString="Seifert, B. (1991) Lasius platythorax n. sp., a widespread sibling species of Lasius niger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomologia Generalis, 16, 69 - 81." title="Lasius platythorax n. sp., a widespread sibling species of Lasius niger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Seifert, B." box="[495,545,679,700]" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 67" part="66" refId="ref38086" refString="Seifert, B. (1992) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the ant subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz, 66, 1 - 67." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the ant subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Seifert, B." box="[557,608,679,700]" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="15 - 86" part="92" refId="ref38209" refString="Seifert, B. (2020) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Soil Organisms, 92, 15 - 86." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Schlick-Steiner, B. C. & Steiner, F. M. & Schodl, S. & Seifert, B." journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="725 - 736" part="41" refId="ref37748" refString="Schlick-Steiner, B. C., Steiner, F. M., Schodl, S. & Seifert, B. (2003) Lasius austriacus sp. n., a central European ant related to the invasive species Lasius neglectus. Sociobiology, 41, 725 - 736." title="Lasius austriacus sp. n., a central European ant related to the invasive species Lasius neglectus" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||||
Schlick-Steiner
|
||||
<emphasis box="[161,211,709,730]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2003
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). There is no reason to believe that North America does not harbour a diverse fauna of such ‘cryptic species’. For example, the question of the putative Holarctically distributed
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[161,302,798,819]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[161,223,798,819]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was resolved by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Schar, S. & Talavera, G. & Espadaler, X. & Rana, J. D. & Anderson, A. A. & Cover, S. P. & Vila, R." box="[482,671,798,819]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 12" part="45" refId="ref37621" refString="Schar, S., Talavera, G., Espadaler, X., Rana, J. D., Anderson, A. A., Cover, S. P. & Vila, R. (2018) Do Holarctic ant species exist? Trans-Beringian dispersal and homoplasy in the Formicidae. Journal of Biogeography, 45, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13380." title="Do Holarctic ant species exist? Trans-Beringian dispersal and homoplasy in the Formicidae" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||||
Schär
|
||||
<emphasis box="[546,598,798,819]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2018)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
who elevated to species rank the American representatives of
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Foerster" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[667,760,828,849]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[667,760,828,849]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. alienus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[161,245,858,879]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[161,245,858,879]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Nylander" authorityName="Nylander" box="[304,523,858,879]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[304,423,858,879]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. umbratus</emphasis>
|
||||
Nylander
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, recognizing the following revived taxa, in order:
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1893" box="[415,624,888,909]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[415,553,888,909]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. americanus</emphasis>
|
||||
Emery
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[633,767,888,909]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||||
Emery
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="(Walsh)" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[273,482,918,939]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aphidicola">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[273,399,918,939]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. aphidicola</emphasis>
|
||||
(Walsh)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Renewed focus on the Nearctic fauna is necessary, as is expanded sequencing at the global scale.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="23.[161,767,172,1863]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[179,475,1007,1028]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Comments on extinct species</emphasis>
|
||||
. Without having scored the Baltic
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[229,291,1037,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[229,291,1037,1058]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
fossils other than †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[500,680,1037,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[500,680,1037,1058]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, that is, †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[173,375,1067,1088]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[173,314,1067,1088]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. punctulatus</emphasis>
|
||||
Mayr
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Wheeler" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[441,687,1067,1088]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemorivagus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[441,594,1067,1088]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. nemorivagus</emphasis>
|
||||
Wheeler
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, we are unable to quantitatively address their placement. Historically, †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[173,311,1126,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[173,311,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. punctulatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[371,547,1126,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[371,547,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were considered to be members of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[281,343,1156,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[281,343,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[350,401,1156,1177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, E. O." box="[413,546,1156,1177]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[556,696,1156,1177]" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="209 - 222" part="45" refId="ref33108" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (2011) The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers. Vestnik Zoologii, 45, 209 - 222." title="The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers" type="journal article" year="2011">Dlussky, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), while the queen-based †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[335,484,1186,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemorivagus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[335,484,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. nemorivagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was placed in
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruzsky" box="[628,766,1186,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chthonolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[628,766,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Chthonolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, E. O." box="[167,300,1216,1237]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) later to be implicitly considered
|
||||
<emphasis box="[633,767,1216,1237]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||||
in the genus (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[289,431,1245,1266]" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="209 - 222" part="45" refId="ref33108" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (2011) The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers. Vestnik Zoologii, 45, 209 - 222." title="The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers" type="journal article" year="2011">Dlussky, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="23.[161,767,172,1863]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
Our combined-evidence dating analyses recover †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as sister to or within the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[491,553,1305,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[491,553,1305,1326]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[697,763,1305,1326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,184,1709,1729]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Results from phylogenetic analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset analyzed with MrBayes using the fossilized birth-death branch length prior and the IGR clock variation prior. Fossil taxa are indicated by a dagger preceding the name. Node support values are in Bayesian posterior probability. Filled circles indicate full support. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975358/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
, S
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[175,217,1335,1356]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">7–S</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[217,230,1335,1356]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">9</figureCitation>
|
||||
). As the specific relationship of the fossil to the extant species of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[306,368,1365,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[306,368,1365,1386]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group is uncertain, we conservatively consider the fossil
|
||||
<emphasis box="[397,528,1395,1416]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[557,619,1395,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[557,619,1395,1416]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. There remains the possibility that †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[355,530,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[355,530,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is ancestral to the extant
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[161,211,1454,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[161,211,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade and is indicative of low rates of phenotypic transformation, as suggested by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayr, G." box="[429,554,1484,1505]" journalOrPublisher="Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 102" part="1" refId="ref36049" refString="Mayr, G. (1868) Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens, 1, 1 - 102." title="Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins" type="journal article" year="1868">Mayr (1868)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[566,720,1484,1505]" journalOrPublisher="Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 142" part="55" refId="ref39440" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915 1914) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." title="The ants of the Baltic Amber" type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, E. O." box="[161,304,1514,1535]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The placement of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[508,686,1514,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[508,686,1514,1535]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may be refined in future study by scoring characters which are explicitly derived from comparison of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[508,597,1574,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[508,597,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[644,694,1574,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[644,694,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
groups within the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[263,313,1603,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[263,313,1603,1624]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="23.[161,767,172,1863]" lastBlockId="23.[830,1437,172,583]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
The two differentiating traits proposed for the
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[635,724,1633,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[635,724,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[161,211,1663,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[161,211,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
groups are, on average,
|
||||
<emphasis box="[480,496,1663,1685]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136"><</emphasis>
|
||||
8 mandibular teeth in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[161,250,1693,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[161,250,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Seifert, B." box="[327,457,1693,1714]" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 67" part="66" refId="ref38086" refString="Seifert, B. (1992) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the ant subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz, 66, 1 - 67." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the ant subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">Seifert, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; some
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[526,576,1693,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[526,576,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group species with
|
||||
<emphasis box="[161,177,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136"><</emphasis>
|
||||
8), and presence of a subapical cleft in the mandibles of
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[161,250,1752,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[161,250,1752,1773]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group males (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, E. O." box="[403,542,1752,1773]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). While †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
demonstrates both a tooth count of
|
||||
<emphasis box="[624,640,1782,1804]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136"><</emphasis>
|
||||
8, and presence of a subapical cleft, the latter character is probably plesiomorphic of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[374,436,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[374,436,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group, and the polarity of the former is uncertain. Notably,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, E. O." box="[1158,1298,172,193]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
observed that the male mandibles of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[1060,1236,202,223]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1060,1236,202,223]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are observed to vary from the ‘
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[935,1024,232,253]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[935,1024,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
form’ to the derived ‘
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1257,1307,232,253]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1257,1307,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
form’. With these three traits in mind, it does seem reasonable that †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is stem to or directly ancestral to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1385,1435,292,313]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1385,1435,292,313]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="23.[830,1437,172,583]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[849,1004,352,373]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Note on biology</emphasis>
|
||||
. Despite the interest in this genus, however, basic natural history remains unknown for many species, including the morphologically aberrant
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[1156,1246,412,433]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1156,1246,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. atopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the species we sequence here, ‘
|
||||
<emphasis box="[987,1000,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L</emphasis>
|
||||
. nr.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[1045,1109,442,463]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1045,1109,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">atopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’. Only a handful of recently published studies have addressed the behaviour of some of the more rarely encountered species (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Raczkowski, J. M. & Luque, G. M." box="[1150,1425,502,523]" journalOrPublisher="Insectes Sociaux" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="237 - 244" part="58" refId="ref36914" refString="Raczkowski, J. M. & Luque, G. M. (2011) Colony founding and social parasitism in Lasius (Acanthomyops). Insectes Sociaux, 58, 237 - 244." title="Colony founding and social parasitism in Lasius (Acanthomyops)" type="journal article" year="2011">Raczkowski & Luque, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), indicating that more effort is needed to elucidate the biology of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[830,892,562,583]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[830,892,562,583]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
850
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850
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<subSubSection id="C30A65344364FF94FCBDFF60FBEBD93C" box="[840,1138,245,267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4364FF94FCBDFF60FBEBD93C" blockId="22.[840,1256,245,445]" box="[840,1138,245,267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCBDFF60FBEBD93C" bold="true" box="[840,1138,245,267]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FC7AFF60FBEBD93C" ID-CoL="5B7S" authority="Fabricius, 1804" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[911,1138,245,267]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FC7AFF60FC49D93D" bold="true" box="[911,976,245,266]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4364FF94FC23FF60FBEBD93C" author="Fabricius, J. C." bookContentInfo="xiv + 15 - 439 + 30 pp." box="[982,1138,245,267]" journalOrPublisher="Brunswick: C. Reichard" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" refId="ref33561" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1804) Systema Piezatorum Secundum Ordines, Genera, Species, Adjectis Synonymis, Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus. Brunswick: C. Reichard. xiv + 15 - 439 + 30 pp." title="Systema Piezatorum Secundum Ordines, Genera, Species, Adjectis Synonymis, Locis, Observationibus, Descriptionibus" type="book" year="1804">Fabricius, 1804</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344364FF94FCBDFE86FB24D98A" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4364FF94FCBDFE86FB71D91F" blockId="22.[840,1256,245,445]" box="[840,1256,275,296]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
=
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64364FF94FCABFE86FB7DD91F" box="[862,1252,275,296]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCABFE86FC7BD91F" box="[862,994,275,296]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Donisthorpea</emphasis>
|
||||
Morice and Durrant, 1915
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4364FF94FCBDFEA5FB2BD971" blockId="22.[840,1256,245,445]" box="[840,1202,304,326]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FCABFEA4FBC6D972" ID-CoL="M9T" authority="Mayr, 1862" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[862,1119,304,326]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthomyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCABFEA4FC72D971" box="[862,1003,305,326]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Acanthomyops</emphasis>
|
||||
Mayr, 1862
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FB90FEA5FB2BD971" bold="true" box="[1125,1202,304,326]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">syn.rev.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4364FF94FCBDFEDBFB3BD953" blockId="22.[840,1256,245,445]" box="[840,1186,334,356]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FCABFEDBFBD2D954" authorityName="Faber" authorityYear="1967" box="[862,1099,334,355]" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Austrolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCABFEDBFC4DD954" box="[862,980,334,355]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Austrolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4364FF94FC2FFEDBFBD2D954" author="Faber, W." box="[986,1099,334,355]" journalOrPublisher="Pflanzenschultz Berichte" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="73 - 107" part="36" refId="ref33510" refString="Faber, W. (1967) Beitrage zur Kenntnis sozialparasitischer Ameisen. I. Lasius (Austrolasius n. sg.) reginae n. sp., eine neue temporar sozialparasitische Erdameise aus Osterreich (Hym. Formicidae). Pflanzenschultz Berichte, 36, 73 - 107." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis sozialparasitischer Ameisen. I. Lasius (Austrolasius n. sg.) reginae n. sp., eine neue temporar sozialparasitische Erdameise aus Osterreich (Hym. Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1967">Faber, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FBA4FEDBFB3BD953" bold="true" box="[1105,1186,334,356]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">syn.nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4364FF94FCBDFEF9FB37D9B6" blockId="22.[840,1256,245,445]" box="[840,1198,363,385]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FCABFEF9FBCFD9B6" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1955" box="[862,1110,364,385]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cautolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCABFEF9FC49D9B6" box="[862,976,364,385]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Cautolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4364FF94FC23FEF9FBCFD9B6" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[982,1110,364,385]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FBA9FEFEFB37D9B6" bold="true" box="[1116,1198,363,385]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">syn.nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4364FF94FCBDFE1FFB5ED9A8" blockId="22.[840,1256,245,445]" box="[840,1223,393,415]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FCABFE1FFBE9D9A8" authority="Ruzsky" authorityName="Ruzsky" box="[862,1136,394,415]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chthonolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCABFE1FFC71D9A8" box="[862,1000,394,415]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Chthonolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
Ruzsky, 1912
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FB83FE1CFB5ED9A8" bold="true" box="[1142,1223,393,415]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">syn.nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4364FF94FCBDFE32FB24D98A" blockId="22.[840,1256,245,445]" box="[840,1213,423,445]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FCABFE32FBFCD98B" authority="Ruzsky, 1912" authorityName="Ruzsky" authorityYear="1912" box="[862,1125,423,444]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthomyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Dendrolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCABFE32FC47D98B" box="[862,990,423,444]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Dendrolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
Ruzsky, 1912
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FB9EFE32FB24D98A" bold="true" box="[1131,1213,423,445]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">syn.nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344364FF94FCBDFE4FFAF5D9D8" box="[840,1388,474,495]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4364FF94FCBDFE4FFAF5D9D8" blockId="22.[821,1427,474,1863]" box="[840,1388,474,495]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCBDFE4FFC5FD9D8" box="[840,966,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Type species.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FC3EFE4FFB77D9D8" ID-CoL="6JGHV" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[971,1262,474,495]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigra">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FC3EFE4FFBCDD9D8" box="[971,1108,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Formica nigra</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4364FF94FBAEFE4FFB77D9D8" author="Linnaeus, C." bookContentInfo="824 pp." box="[1115,1262,474,495]" journalOrPublisher="L. Salvii" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" refId="ref35691" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae [= Stockholm]: L. Salvii, 824 pp." title="Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FAE7FE4FFAC4D9D8" ID-CoL="3SGXX" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1298,1373,474,495]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FAE7FE4FFAC4D9D8" box="[1298,1373,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">L. niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344364FF9AFCBDFE6DFD6FDBF2" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4364FF94FCBDFE6DFB71DB01" blockId="22.[821,1427,474,1863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCBDFE6DFB17DA3A" box="[840,1166,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Subgeneric classification remarks</emphasis>
|
||||
. The modern body of taxonomic work on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FC15FD83FB87DA1C" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[992,1054,534,555]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FC15FD83FB87DA1C" box="[992,1054,534,555]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was initiated by Wilson’s revision of the genus (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4364FF94FC54FDA6FBB1DA7F" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[929,1064,563,584]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), which was classified into four subgenera at the time:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FC01FDC4FBFFDA51" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1955" box="[1012,1126,593,614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cautolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FC01FDC4FBFFDA51" box="[1012,1126,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Cautolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FB80FDC4FB66DA51" authorityName="Ruzsky" box="[1141,1279,593,614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chthonolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FB80FDC4FB66DA51" box="[1141,1279,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Chthonolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FAF8FDC4FA14DA51" authorityName="Ruzsky" authorityYear="1912" box="[1293,1421,593,614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthomyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Dendrolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FAF8FDC4FA14DA51" box="[1293,1421,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Dendrolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FC94FDFAFC06DAB3" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[865,927,623,644]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FC94FDFAFC06DAB3" box="[865,927,623,644]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64364FF94FC5DFDFAFC47DAB3" box="[936,990,623,644]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
In this work, Wilson provided a phylogeny of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FCA5FD18FC17DA95" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[848,910,653,674]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCA5FD18FC17DA95" box="[848,910,653,674]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4364FF94FC69FD18FC71DA95" box="[924,1000,653,674]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,184,1743,1763]" captionTargetBox="[184,1393,1309,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-289@2.[184,1394,1309,1713]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Comparison of phylogenetic hypotheses for Lasius; red indicates paraphyly of Lasius sensu stricto, orange of Lasius (Cautolasius) and violet of Lasius (Chthonolasius). (A) Intuition-based topology from Wilson (1955). (B, C) combined morphological and mitochondrial topologies of Janda et al. (2004), and Maruyama et al. (2008). (D) Consensus topology from the current study; see Table 4 for Bayes factor tests of our constraint analyses." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975350" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975350/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||||
), but this treatment was an intuitive account of what he considered trends in the evolution of the morphology and biogeography of the genus. Subsequently, the subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FCC0FD73FC32DACC" authorityName="Faber" authorityYear="1967" box="[821,939,742,763]" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Austrolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCC0FD73FC32DACC" box="[821,939,742,763]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Austrolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was erected for a few socially parasitic species (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4364FF94FCCEFC91FC36DB2E" author="Faber, W." box="[827,943,772,793]" journalOrPublisher="Pflanzenschultz Berichte" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="73 - 107" part="36" refId="ref33510" refString="Faber, W. (1967) Beitrage zur Kenntnis sozialparasitischer Ameisen. I. Lasius (Austrolasius n. sg.) reginae n. sp., eine neue temporar sozialparasitische Erdameise aus Osterreich (Hym. Formicidae). Pflanzenschultz Berichte, 36, 73 - 107." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis sozialparasitischer Ameisen. I. Lasius (Austrolasius n. sg.) reginae n. sp., eine neue temporar sozialparasitische Erdameise aus Osterreich (Hym. Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1967">Faber, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), andthe former genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FB72FC91FA8DDB2E" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[1159,1300,772,793]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthomyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FB72FC91FA8DDB2E" box="[1159,1300,772,793]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Acanthomyops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was included in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FCBBFCB4FC15DB01" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[846,908,801,822]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCBBFCB4FC15DB01" box="[846,908,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as the sixth subgenus (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4364FF94FB9CFCB4FB47DB01" author="Ward, P. S." box="[1129,1246,801,822]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 68" part="936" refId="ref38944" refString="Ward, P. S. (2005) A synoptic review of the ants of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 936, 1 - 68." title="A synoptic review of the ants of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2005">Ward, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4364FF94FCBDFCAAFAA0DC4A" blockId="22.[821,1427,474,1863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
The first phylogenetic inference based on molecular data was presented by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4364FF94FC49FCC8FBF1DB45" author="Hasegawa, E." box="[956,1128,861,882]" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Science" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="133 - 135" part="1" refId="ref34212" refString="Hasegawa, E. (1998) Phylogeny and host-parasite relationships in social parasitism in Lasius ants. Entomological Science, 1, 133 - 135." title="Phylogeny and host-parasite relationships in social parasitism in Lasius ants" type="journal article" year="1998">Hasegawa (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, who used COI to investigate relationships of four
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FBE5FCEEFB06DBB8" box="[1040,1183,890,912]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FBE5FCEEFBD7DBA7" box="[1040,1102,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(phylogeny not figured here). Since then, two major attempts at resolving the phylogeny were presented by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4364FF94FBC9FC23FB6EDBFC" author="Janda, M. & Folkova, D. & Zrzavy, J." box="[1084,1271,950,971]" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="595 - 614" part="33" refId="ref34597" refString="Janda, M., Folkova, D. & Zrzavy, J. (2004) Phylogeny of Lasius ants based on mitochondrial DNA and morphology, and the evolution of social parasitism in the Lasiini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33, 595 - 614." title="Phylogeny of Lasius ants based on mitochondrial DNA and morphology, and the evolution of social parasitism in the Lasiini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||||
Janda
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FB8EFC23FB36DBFC" box="[1147,1199,950,971]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2004)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4364FF94FADEFC23FC37DBDE" author="Maruyama, M. & Steiner, F. M. & Stauffer, C. & Akino, T. & Crozier, R. H. & Schlick-Steiner, B. C." journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 15" part="8" refId="ref35850" refString="Maruyama, M., Steiner, F. M., Stauffer, C., Akino, T., Crozier, R. H. & Schlick-Steiner, B. C. (2008) A DNA and morphology based phylogenetic framework of the ant genus Lasius with hypotheses for the evolution of social parasitism and fungiculture. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 8, 1 - 15. Article 237. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 8 - 237." title="A DNA and morphology based phylogenetic framework of the ant genus Lasius with hypotheses for the evolution of social parasitism and fungiculture" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||||
Maruyama
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCC0FC41FCFEDBDE" box="[821,871,980,1001]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2008)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4364FF94FC49FC41FBBEDBDE" box="[956,1063,980,1001]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,184,1743,1763]" captionTargetBox="[184,1393,1309,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-289@2.[184,1394,1309,1713]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Comparison of phylogenetic hypotheses for Lasius; red indicates paraphyly of Lasius sensu stricto, orange of Lasius (Cautolasius) and violet of Lasius (Chthonolasius). (A) Intuition-based topology from Wilson (1955). (B, C) combined morphological and mitochondrial topologies of Janda et al. (2004), and Maruyama et al. (2008). (D) Consensus topology from the current study; see Table 4 for Bayes factor tests of our constraint analyses." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975350" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975350/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Fig. 1B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Both studies used a combination of morphological characters and molecular data, including mitochondrial markers (COI, COII, tRNA-Leu, 16S). Amore recent effort focused on the phylogeny of European species related to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FCC0FBDEFC18DC57" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[821,897,1099,1120]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCC0FBDEFC18DC57" box="[821,897,1099,1120]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">L. niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FC64FBDEFC56DC57" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[913,975,1099,1120]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FC64FBDEFC56DC57" box="[913,975,1099,1120]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64364FF94FC22FBDFFB95DC68" box="[983,1036,1098,1119]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
) and included nuclear genes
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FAD2FBDEFAF0DC57" box="[1319,1385,1099,1120]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">LW Rh</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCC0FBFDFCC8DC4A" box="[821,849,1128,1149]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">wg</emphasis>
|
||||
in addition to 16S and COI (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4364FF94FB90FBFDFAB7DC4A" author="Talavera, G. & Espadaler, X. & Vila, R." box="[1125,1326,1128,1149]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="589 - 601" part="42" refId="ref38651" refString="Talavera, G., Espadaler, X. & Vila, R. (2015 2014) Discovered just before extinction? The first endemic ant from the Balearic Islands (Lasius balearicus sp. nov.) is endangered by climate change. Journal of Biogeography, 42, 589 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 12438." title="Discovered just before extinction? The first endemic ant from the Balearic Islands (Lasius balearicus sp. nov.) is endangered by climate change" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Talavera
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FB4BFBFDFB76DC4A" box="[1214,1263,1128,1149]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4364FF94FCBDFB13FC53DEE7" blockId="22.[821,1427,474,1863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
To date, the monophyly of the subgenera has not been questioned except for the nominotypical subgenus (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4364FF94FAAEFB31FC30DCE1" author="Janda, M. & Folkova, D. & Zrzavy, J." journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="595 - 614" part="33" refId="ref34597" refString="Janda, M., Folkova, D. & Zrzavy, J. (2004) Phylogeny of Lasius ants based on mitochondrial DNA and morphology, and the evolution of social parasitism in the Lasiini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33, 595 - 614." title="Phylogeny of Lasius ants based on mitochondrial DNA and morphology, and the evolution of social parasitism in the Lasiini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||||
Janda
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCC0FB57FCF1DCE0" box="[821,872,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">etal.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2004
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4364FF94FC41FB54FB00DCE1" author="Maruyama, M. & Steiner, F. M. & Stauffer, C. & Akino, T. & Crozier, R. H. & Schlick-Steiner, B. C." box="[948,1177,1217,1239]" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 15" part="8" refId="ref35850" refString="Maruyama, M., Steiner, F. M., Stauffer, C., Akino, T., Crozier, R. H. & Schlick-Steiner, B. C. (2008) A DNA and morphology based phylogenetic framework of the ant genus Lasius with hypotheses for the evolution of social parasitism and fungiculture. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 8, 1 - 15. Article 237. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 8 - 237." title="A DNA and morphology based phylogenetic framework of the ant genus Lasius with hypotheses for the evolution of social parasitism and fungiculture" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||||
Maruyama
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FBD1FB57FBCEDCE0" box="[1060,1111,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">etal.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2008
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Recently,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4364FF94FAF8FB54FA16DCE1" author="Seifert, B." box="[1293,1423,1217,1238]" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="15 - 86" part="92" refId="ref38209" refString="Seifert, B. (2020) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Soil Organisms, 92, 15 - 86." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2020">Seifert (2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, p. 21) stated that there is clear justification for elevating the subgenera to generic status. Such an action would considerably complicate the classification of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FB72FA8EFB5CDD07" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[1159,1221,1307,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FB72FA8EFB5CDD07" box="[1159,1221,1307,1328]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group because of the robustly supported paraphyly of the subgenera that we have uncovered here (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4364FF94FBFFFAC3FBC2DD5C" box="[1034,1115,1366,1387]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,184,1743,1763]" captionTargetBox="[184,1393,1309,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-289@2.[184,1394,1309,1713]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Comparison of phylogenetic hypotheses for Lasius; red indicates paraphyly of Lasius sensu stricto, orange of Lasius (Cautolasius) and violet of Lasius (Chthonolasius). (A) Intuition-based topology from Wilson (1955). (B, C) combined morphological and mitochondrial topologies of Janda et al. (2004), and Maruyama et al. (2008). (D) Consensus topology from the current study; see Table 4 for Bayes factor tests of our constraint analyses." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975350" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975350/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Figs 1D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4364FF94FB93FAC3FBEDDD5C" box="[1126,1140,1366,1387]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1502,1522]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,172,1471]" captionTargetId="figure-8@8.[157,1422,172,1472]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2. Molecular phylogeny of the Lasiini inferred from Bayesian analysis of the Lasiini_55t data matrix.Node support values are reported as Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI) versus maximum likelihood bootstrap (ML). Filled circles at nodes indicate full support from both analyses. An asterisk (*) indicates that the topology of the ML analysis diverged from the BI analysis at the given node." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975352" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975352/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">2</figureCitation>
|
||||
, S
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4364FF94FB65FAC3FB03DD5C" box="[1168,1178,1366,1387]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,184,1743,1763]" captionTargetBox="[184,1393,1309,1713]" captionTargetId="figure-289@2.[184,1394,1309,1713]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Comparison of phylogenetic hypotheses for Lasius; red indicates paraphyly of Lasius sensu stricto, orange of Lasius (Cautolasius) and violet of Lasius (Chthonolasius). (A) Intuition-based topology from Wilson (1955). (B, C) combined morphological and mitochondrial topologies of Janda et al. (2004), and Maruyama et al. (2008). (D) Consensus topology from the current study; see Table 4 for Bayes factor tests of our constraint analyses." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975350" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975350/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">1</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C69203044364FF94FB53FAC3FB69DD5C" box="[1190,1264,1366,1387]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="7.[830,883,172,192]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Table 4. Bayes Factor results, testing alternative placements of Metalasius and the monophyly of the subgenera using the Lasiini_55t matrix." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6F66374375FF85FCCBFF39FCE4D8C2" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" tableUuid="DF6F66374375FF85FCCBFF39FCE4D8C2">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||||
). Specifically, in order to retain monophyly at the genus rank, four new genera would need to be erected for the species groups of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FAC1FA07FA14DD90" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1332,1421,1426,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FAC1FA07FA14DD90" box="[1332,1421,1426,1447]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FCC0FA3AFC01DDF3" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1906" box="[821,920,1455,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCC0FA3AFC01DDF3" box="[821,920,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FC53FA3AFC7FDDF3" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[934,998,1455,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FC53FA3AFC7FDDF3" box="[934,998,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">atopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FBD5FA3AFB18DDF3" baseAuthorityName="Provancher" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1056,1153,1455,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallitarsis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FBD5FA3AFB18DDF3" box="[1056,1153,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">pallitarsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. An additional issue would be the placement of the species which have not been sequenced, particularly those of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FBD1FA7EFBCFDE37" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1060,1110,1515,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FBD1FA7EFBCFDE37" box="[1060,1110,1515,1536]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species group and, for example, the recently described
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FBFAF99CFB7BDE2A" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" box="[1039,1250,1544,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FBFAF99CFB00DE29" box="[1039,1177,1545,1566]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">L. brevipalpus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which is
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FAB1F99CFCFCDE0C" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||||
in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FC5DF9B3FC43DE0C" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[936,986,1574,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FC5DF9B3FC43DE0C" box="[936,986,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade. The strongest morphological reorganization at the generic or subgeneric levels would be to recognize the reciprocally monophyletic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FBAFF9F7FB15DE40" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1114,1164,1634,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FBAFF9F7FB15DE40" box="[1114,1164,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FB4EF9F7FB6ADE40" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1211,1267,1634,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FB4EF9F7FB6ADE40" box="[1211,1267,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clades as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FAA1F9F7FA0BDE40" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[1364,1426,1634,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FAA1F9F7FA0BDE40" box="[1364,1426,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FC96F9EAFC69DEA3" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[867,1008,1663,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthomyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FC96F9EAFC69DEA3" box="[867,1008,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Acanthomyops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, respectively, but we refrain from doing so here (for our rationale, see ‘Species group classification of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FCC0F92EFCEADEE7" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[821,883,1723,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCC0F92EFCEADEE7" box="[821,883,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’ below).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4364FF95FCBDF94CFEE5D9DC" blockId="22.[821,1427,474,1863]" lastBlockId="23.[161,767,172,1863]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCBDF94CFBC0DED9" box="[840,1113,1753,1774]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Comments on extant species</emphasis>
|
||||
. We determine that one species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FCC0F963FB8ADF3C" authority="Reza" authorityName="Reza" authorityYear="1925" box="[821,1043,1782,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escamole">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FCC0F963FC41DF3C" box="[821,984,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius escamole</emphasis>
|
||||
Reza
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
should be excluded from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FAD3F963FAFDDF3C" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[1318,1380,1782,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FAD3F963FAFDDF3C" box="[1318,1380,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and considered a junior synonym of the dolichoderine
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FAEEF881FC45DF70" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Liometopum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apiculatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FAEEF881FC38DF70" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Liometopum apiculatum</emphasis>
|
||||
Mayr
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FC11F8A4FBACDF70" bold="true" box="[996,1077,1841,1863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64364FF94FC11F8A4FBACDF70" box="[996,1077,1841,1863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">syn.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4364FF94FBC8F8A7FB2DDF70" author="Reza, A." box="[1085,1204,1842,1863]" journalOrPublisher="Memorias y Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica " Antonio Alzate" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="1 - 22" part="44" refId="ref37226" refString="Reza, A. (1925) Recursos alimenticios de Mexico de origen animal poco conocidos. Memorias y Revista de la Sociedad Cientifica " Antonio Alzate ", 44, 1 - 22." title="Recursos alimenticios de Mexico de origen animal poco conocidos" type="journal article" year="1925">Reza (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4364FF94FAEAF8A7FA0ADF70" authorityName="Reza" authorityYear="1925" box="[1311,1427,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escamole">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4364FF94FAEAF8A7FA0ADF70" box="[1311,1427,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">L. escamole</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the context of a cultural study on the eponymous traditional Mexican dish known tobe made from the larvae of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FD89FF5FFE78D8CA" authority="(Hoey-Chamberlain et al., 2013)" authorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityName="Hoey-Chamberlain" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Liometopum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apiculatum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FD89FF5FFD66D8E8" box="[636,767,202,223]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. apiculatum</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FF52FF7DFE43D8CA" author="Hoey-Chamberlain, R. & Rust, M. K. & Klotz, J. H." box="[167,474,232,253]" journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 10" part="60" refId="ref34482" refString="Hoey-Chamberlain, R., Rust, M. K. & Klotz, J. H. (2013) A review of the biology, ecology and behavior of velvety tree ants of North America. Sociobiology, 60, 1 - 10." title="A review of the biology, ecology and behavior of velvety tree ants of North America" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||||
Hoey-Chamberlain
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FE92FF7DFE00D8CA" box="[359,409,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2013
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Although Reza’s description and illustrations are extremely vague, it is possible to see details that point to a dolichoderine identity. In the figures of the original description, the mandibles have long masticatory margin and small, sharp, even denticles, the ventral metasoma is shown as a slit-like anal opening rather than a formicine-like acidopore, and various figures display the fine, dense, appressed pilosity characteristic of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FE66FE2CFDDED9FA" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[403,583,440,462]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Liometopum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FE66FE2CFD92D9F9" box="[403,523,441,462]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Liometopum</emphasis>
|
||||
Mayr
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but no erect setae as expected for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FEC2FE42FEECD9DB" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[311,373,471,492]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FEC2FE42FEECD9DB" box="[311,373,471,492]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4365FF95FF46FE61FF41DBD1" blockId="23.[161,767,172,1863]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
Many species have been added to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FE0EFE61FDA0DA3E" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[507,569,500,521]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FE0EFE61FDA0DA3E" box="[507,569,500,521]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
since Wilson’s revision, mostly in Europe and Mediterranean, while North American taxa have largely remained untreated except for a thorough revision of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FEB1FDDBFE48DA54" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[324,465,590,611]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthomyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FEB1FDDBFE48DA54" box="[324,465,590,611]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Acanthomyops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FE2BFDDBFDC5DA54" author="Wing, M. W." box="[478,604,590,611]" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 173" part="405" refId="ref39673" refString="Wing, M. W. (1968 a) Taxonomic revision of the Nearctic genus Acanthomyops (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Memoirs of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, 405, 1 - 173." title="Taxonomic revision of the Nearctic genus Acanthomyops (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1968">Wing, 1968a</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FD92FDDBFD3FDA54" author="Wing, M. W." box="[615,678,590,611]" journalOrPublisher="Dissertation Abstracts. B. Sciences and Engineering" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="3934" part="28" refId="ref39711" refString="Wing, M. W. (1968 b) A taxonomic revision of the Nearctic genus Acanthomyops Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). [Abstract.]. Dissertation Abstracts. B. Sciences and Engineering, 28, 3934." title="A taxonomic revision of the Nearctic genus Acanthomyops Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). [Abstract.]" type="journal article" year="1968">1968b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Careful research has revealed multiple Palaearctic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FDB0FDF9FD4BDAB7" box="[581,722,619,641]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FDB0FDF9FD1ADAB6" box="[581,643,620,641]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
that show only subtle morphological differentiation from close relatives (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FF13FD32FEFEDA8B" author="Seifert, B." box="[230,359,679,700]" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 16" part="57" refId="ref37915" refString="Seifert, B. (1983) The taxonomical and ecological status of Lasius myops Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and first description of its males. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz, 57, 1 - 16." title="The taxonomical and ecological status of Lasius myops Forel (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and first description of its males" type="journal article" year="1983">Seifert, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FE86FD32FE3CDA8B" author="Seifert, B." box="[371,421,679,700]" journalOrPublisher="Doriana, Supplemento agli Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale " G. Doria ". GEN" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 13" part="6" refId="ref37997" refString="Seifert, B. (1990) Supplementation to the revision of European species of the ant subgenus Chthonolasius Ruzsky, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Doriana, Supplemento agli Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale " G. Doria ". GEN, 6, 1 - 13." title="Supplementation to the revision of European species of the ant subgenus Chthonolasius Ruzsky, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FE44FD32FE7ADA8B" author="Seifert, B." box="[433,483,679,700]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologia Generalis" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="69 - 81" part="16" refId="ref38050" refString="Seifert, B. (1991) Lasius platythorax n. sp., a widespread sibling species of Lasius niger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomologia Generalis, 16, 69 - 81." title="Lasius platythorax n. sp., a widespread sibling species of Lasius niger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FE1AFD32FDB8DA8B" author="Seifert, B." box="[495,545,679,700]" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 67" part="66" refId="ref38086" refString="Seifert, B. (1992) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the ant subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz, 66, 1 - 67." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the ant subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FDD8FD32FDF9DA8B" author="Seifert, B." box="[557,608,679,700]" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="15 - 86" part="92" refId="ref38209" refString="Seifert, B. (2020) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Soil Organisms, 92, 15 - 86." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FD9EFD32FE8ADAED" author="Schlick-Steiner, B. C. & Steiner, F. M. & Schodl, S. & Seifert, B." journalOrPublisher="Sociobiology" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="725 - 736" part="41" refId="ref37748" refString="Schlick-Steiner, B. C., Steiner, F. M., Schodl, S. & Seifert, B. (2003) Lasius austriacus sp. n., a central European ant related to the invasive species Lasius neglectus. Sociobiology, 41, 725 - 736." title="Lasius austriacus sp. n., a central European ant related to the invasive species Lasius neglectus" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||||
Schlick-Steiner
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FF54FD50FF4ADAED" box="[161,211,709,730]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2003
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). There is no reason to believe that North America does not harbour a diverse fauna of such ‘cryptic species’. For example, the question of the putative Holarctically distributed
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FF54FC8BFEB7DB04" box="[161,302,798,819]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FF54FC8BFF46DB04" box="[161,223,798,819]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was resolved by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FE17FC8BFD06DB04" author="Schar, S. & Talavera, G. & Espadaler, X. & Rana, J. D. & Anderson, A. A. & Cover, S. P. & Vila, R." box="[482,671,798,819]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 12" part="45" refId="ref37621" refString="Schar, S., Talavera, G., Espadaler, X., Rana, J. D., Anderson, A. A., Cover, S. P. & Vila, R. (2018) Do Holarctic ant species exist? Trans-Beringian dispersal and homoplasy in the Formicidae. Journal of Biogeography, 45, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13380." title="Do Holarctic ant species exist? Trans-Beringian dispersal and homoplasy in the Formicidae" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||||
Schär
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FDD7FC8BFDCFDB04" box="[546,598,798,819]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2018)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
who elevated to species rank the American representatives of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FD6EFCA9FD61DB66" baseAuthorityName="Foerster" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[667,760,828,849]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FD6EFCA9FD61DB66" box="[667,760,828,849]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. alienus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FF54FCCFFF6CDB58" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[161,245,858,879]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FF54FCCFFF6CDB58" box="[161,245,858,879]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FEC5FCCFFD92DB58" authority="Nylander" authorityName="Nylander" box="[304,523,858,879]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FEC5FCCFFE3EDB58" box="[304,423,858,879]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. umbratus</emphasis>
|
||||
Nylander
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, recognizing the following revived taxa, in order:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FE6AFCEDFDE9DBBA" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1893" box="[415,624,888,909]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FE6AFCEDFDB0DBBA" box="[415,553,888,909]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. americanus</emphasis>
|
||||
Emery
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FD8CFCEDFF7BDB9C" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FD8CFCEDFD66DBBA" box="[633,767,888,909]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||||
Emery
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FEE4FC03FE7BDB9C" authority="(Walsh)" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[273,482,918,939]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aphidicola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FEE4FC03FE16DB9C" box="[273,399,918,939]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. aphidicola</emphasis>
|
||||
(Walsh)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Renewed focus on the Nearctic fauna is necessary, as is expanded sequencing at the global scale.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4365FF95FF46FC7AFE20DCC5" blockId="23.[161,767,172,1863]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FF46FC7AFE42DC33" box="[179,475,1007,1028]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Comments on extinct species</emphasis>
|
||||
. Without having scored the Baltic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FF10FB98FEBADC15" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[229,291,1037,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FF10FB98FEBADC15" box="[229,291,1037,1058]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
fossils other than †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FE01FB98FD31DC15" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[500,680,1037,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FE01FB98FD31DC15" box="[500,680,1037,1058]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, that is, †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FF58FBBEFEEEDC77" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[173,375,1067,1088]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FF58FBBEFEA3DC77" box="[173,314,1067,1088]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. punctulatus</emphasis>
|
||||
Mayr
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FE4CFBBEFD36DC77" authority="Wheeler" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[441,687,1067,1088]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemorivagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FE4CFBBEFDCBDC77" box="[441,594,1067,1088]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. nemorivagus</emphasis>
|
||||
Wheeler
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, we are unable to quantitatively address their placement. Historically, †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FF58FBF3FEAEDC4C" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[173,311,1126,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FF58FBF3FEAEDC4C" box="[173,311,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. punctulatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FE86FBF3FDBADC4C" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[371,547,1126,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FE86FBF3FDBADC4C" box="[371,547,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were considered to be members of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FEECFB11FECEDCAE" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[281,343,1156,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FEECFB11FECEDCAE" box="[281,343,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64365FF95FEABFB11FE08DCAE" box="[350,401,1156,1177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FE68FB11FDBBDCAE" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[413,546,1156,1177]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FDD9FB11FD21DCAE" author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[556,696,1156,1177]" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="209 - 222" part="45" refId="ref33108" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (2011) The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers. Vestnik Zoologii, 45, 209 - 222." title="The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers" type="journal article" year="2011">Dlussky, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), while the queen-based †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FEBAFB37FE7DDC80" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[335,484,1186,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemorivagus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FEBAFB37FE7DDC80" box="[335,484,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. nemorivagus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was placed in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FD81FB37FEABDCE2" authority="(Wilson, 1955)" authorityName="Ruzsky" baseAuthorityName="Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Chthonolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FD81FB37FD67DC80" box="[628,766,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Chthonolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FF52FB55FEB5DCE2" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[167,300,1216,1237]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
later to be implicitly considered
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FD8CFB55FD66DCE2" box="[633,767,1216,1237]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||||
in the genus (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FED4FB48FE36DCC5" author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[289,431,1245,1266]" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="209 - 222" part="45" refId="ref33108" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (2011) The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers. Vestnik Zoologii, 45, 209 - 222." title="The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers" type="journal article" year="2011">Dlussky, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4365FF95FF46FB6EFEE0DE6F" blockId="23.[161,767,172,1863]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
Our combined-evidence dating analyses recover †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FD78FB6EFF7EDD19" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FD78FB6EFF7EDD19" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as sister to or within the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FE1EFA8CFDB0DD19" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[491,553,1305,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FE1EFA8CFDB0DD19" box="[491,553,1305,1326]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4365FF95FD4CFA8CFD62DD19" box="[697,763,1305,1326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,184,1709,1729]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Results from phylogenetic analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset analyzed with MrBayes using the fossilized birth-death branch length prior and the IGR clock variation prior. Fossil taxa are indicated by a dagger preceding the name. Node support values are in Bayesian posterior probability. Filled circles indicate full support. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975358/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
, S
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4365FF95FF5AFAA2FF40DD7B" box="[175,217,1335,1356]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">7–S</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4365FF95FF2CFAA2FF7FDD7B" box="[217,230,1335,1356]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">9</figureCitation>
|
||||
). As the specific relationship of the fossil to the extant species of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FEC7FAC0FEE9DD5D" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[306,368,1365,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FEC7FAC0FEE9DD5D" box="[306,368,1365,1386]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group is uncertain, we conservatively consider the fossil
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FE78FAE6FD89DDBF" box="[397,528,1395,1416]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FDD8FAE6FDF2DDBF" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[557,619,1395,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FDD8FAE6FDF2DDBF" box="[557,619,1395,1416]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. There remains the possibility that †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FE96FA04FD8BDD91" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[355,530,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FE96FA04FD8BDD91" box="[355,530,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is ancestral to the extant
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FF54FA3BFF4ADDF4" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[161,211,1454,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FF54FA3BFF4ADDF4" box="[161,211,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade and is indicative of low rates of phenotypic transformation, as suggested by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FE58FA59FDB3DDD6" author="Mayr, G." box="[429,554,1484,1505]" journalOrPublisher="Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 102" part="1" refId="ref36049" refString="Mayr, G. (1868) Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens, 1, 1 - 102." title="Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins" type="journal article" year="1868">Mayr (1868)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FDC3FA59FD49DDD6" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[566,720,1484,1505]" journalOrPublisher="Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 142" part="55" refId="ref39440" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915 1914) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." title="The ants of the Baltic Amber" type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FF54FA7FFEA9DDC8" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[161,304,1514,1535]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. The placement of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FE09FA7FFD37DDC8" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[508,686,1514,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FE09FA7FFD37DDC8" box="[508,686,1514,1535]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may be refined in future study by scoring characters which are explicitly derived from comparison of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FE09F9B3FDCCDE0C" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[508,597,1574,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FE09F9B3FDCCDE0C" box="[508,597,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FD71F9B3FD2FDE0C" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[644,694,1574,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FD71F9B3FD2FDE0C" box="[644,694,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
groups within the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FEF2F9D6FEA0DE6F" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[263,313,1603,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FEF2F9D6FEA0DE6F" box="[263,313,1603,1624]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4365FF95FF46F9F4FCE1D960" blockId="23.[161,767,172,1863]" lastBlockId="23.[830,1437,172,583]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
The two differentiating traits proposed for the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FD8EF9F4FD4DDE41" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[635,724,1633,1654]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FD8EF9F4FD4DDE41" box="[635,724,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FF54F9EAFF4ADEA3" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[161,211,1663,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FF54F9EAFF4ADEA3" box="[161,211,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
groups are, on average,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FE15F9EAFE69DEA2" box="[480,496,1663,1685]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136"><</emphasis>
|
||||
8 mandibular teeth in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FF54F908FF63DE85" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[161,250,1693,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FF54F908FF63DE85" box="[161,250,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FEB2F908FE50DE85" author="Seifert, B." box="[327,457,1693,1714]" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 67" part="66" refId="ref38086" refString="Seifert, B. (1992) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the ant subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz, 66, 1 - 67." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the ant subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">Seifert, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; some
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FDFBF908FDD9DE85" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[526,576,1693,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FDFBF908FDD9DE85" box="[526,576,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group species with
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FF54F92FFF28DEE7" box="[161,177,1722,1744]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136"><</emphasis>
|
||||
8), and presence of a subapical cleft in the mandibles of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FF54F94DFF63DEDA" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[161,250,1752,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FF54F94DFF63DEDA" box="[161,250,1752,1773]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group males (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FE66F94DFD87DEDA" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[403,542,1752,1773]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson, 1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). While †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FD73F94DFF7EDF3C" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FD73F94DFF7EDF3C" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
demonstrates both a tooth count of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FD85F963FD19DF3B" box="[624,640,1782,1804]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136"><</emphasis>
|
||||
8, and presence of a subapical cleft, the latter character is probably plesiomorphic of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FE83F8A7FE2DDF70" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[374,436,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FE83F8A7FE2DDF70" box="[374,436,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group, and the polarity of the former is uncertain. Notably,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FB73FF39FA8BD8F6" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[1158,1298,172,193]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
observed that the male mandibles of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FBD1FF5FFB4DD8E8" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[1060,1236,202,223]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FBD1FF5FFB4DD8E8" box="[1060,1236,202,223]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are observed to vary from the ‘
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FC52FF7DFB99D8CA" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[935,1024,232,253]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FC52FF7DFB99D8CA" box="[935,1024,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
form’ to the derived ‘
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FB1CFF7DFA82D8CA" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1257,1307,232,253]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FB1CFF7DFA82D8CA" box="[1257,1307,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
form’. With these three traits in mind, it does seem reasonable that †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FA7CFE93FC4DD90E" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FA7CFE93FC4DD90E" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is stem to or directly ancestral to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FA9CFEB1FA02D90E" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1385,1435,292,313]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FA9CFEB1FA02D90E" box="[1385,1435,292,313]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4365FF95FCA4FEF5FC1ADA70" blockId="23.[830,1437,172,583]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FCA4FEF5FC75D942" box="[849,1004,352,373]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Note on biology</emphasis>
|
||||
. Despite the interest in this genus, however, basic natural history remains unknown for many species, including the morphologically aberrant
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FB71FE09FB47D986" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[1156,1246,412,433]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FB71FE09FB47D986" box="[1156,1246,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. atopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the species we sequence here, ‘
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FC2EFE2FFC71D9F8" box="[987,1000,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L</emphasis>
|
||||
. nr.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FBE0FE2FFBCCD9F8" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[1045,1109,442,463]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FBE0FE2FFBCCD9F8" box="[1045,1109,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">atopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’. Only a handful of recently published studies have addressed the behaviour of some of the more rarely encountered species (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FB8BFE63FA08DA3C" author="Raczkowski, J. M. & Luque, G. M." box="[1150,1425,502,523]" journalOrPublisher="Insectes Sociaux" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="237 - 244" part="58" refId="ref36914" refString="Raczkowski, J. M. & Luque, G. M. (2011) Colony founding and social parasitism in Lasius (Acanthomyops). Insectes Sociaux, 58, 237 - 244." title="Colony founding and social parasitism in Lasius (Acanthomyops)" type="journal article" year="2011">Raczkowski & Luque, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), indicating that more effort is needed to elucidate the biology of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FCCBFDA7FCE5DA70" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[830,892,562,583]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FCCBFDA7FCE5DA70" box="[830,892,562,583]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4365FF95FCCBFDF0FB2DDA4D" blockId="23.[830,1437,613,1863]" box="[830,1204,613,635]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FCCBFDF0FB2DDA4D" bold="true" box="[830,1204,613,635]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
Species group classification of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FB86FDF0FB2DDA4D" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[1139,1204,613,634]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FB86FDF0FB2DDA4D" bold="true" box="[1139,1204,613,634]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4365FF95FCCBFD16FBDADC37" blockId="23.[830,1437,613,1863]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
To avoid following the undesirable trend where taxonomy is divorced from molecular phylogenetics (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FB27FD34FA00DA81" author="Steiner, F. M. & Schlick-Steiner, B. C. & Seifert, B." box="[1234,1433,673,694]" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to Natural History" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1295 - 1315" part="12" refId="ref38534" refString="Steiner, F. M., Schlick-Steiner, B. C. & Seifert, B. (2009) Morphology-based taxonomy is essential to link molecular research to nomenclature. Contributions to Natural History, 12, 1295 - 1315." title="Morphology-based taxonomy is essential to link molecular research to nomenclature" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||||
Steiner
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FAD7FD34FACFDA81" box="[1314,1366,673,694]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2009
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FCCBFD2AFC2BDAE3" author="Ward, P. S." box="[830,946,703,724]" journalOrPublisher="Myrmecological News" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="21 - 29" part="15" refId="ref38975" refString="Ward, P. S. (2011) Integrating molecular phylogenetic results into ant taxonomy (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News, 15, 21 - 29." title="Integrating molecular phylogenetic results into ant taxonomy (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2011">Ward, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), we propose an informal species-group classification of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FC70FD48FC5ADAC5" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[901,963,733,754]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FC70FD48FC5ADAC5" box="[901,963,733,754]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which reflects the phylogenetic structure within the genus. As the ICZN rules do not apply to informal species groups, this arrangement is also more adaptable to future refinements and new phylogenetic findings, thus contributing to taxonomic stability. Two main clades are recognized, those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FA7CFCC0FCE9DBBF" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FA7CFCC0FCE9DBBF" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(70 spp. + 1 ssp.), and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FB85FCE6FB5CDBBF" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1136,1221,883,904]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FB85FCE6FB5CDBBF" box="[1136,1221,883,904]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">L. flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(54 spp.), with three and seven species groups, respectively. In addition, all 21 valid extinct species are formally considered
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FB3AFC3AFAC1DBF3" box="[1231,1368,943,964]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||||
in the genus, while 14 extant species are considered unidentifiable and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FCCBFC7EFC5ADC37" box="[830,963,1003,1024]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||||
in the genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4365FF95FCA4FB9CFC2DDF70" blockId="23.[830,1437,613,1863]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
||||
Should the resurrection of subgenera be deemed advisable and desirable, we recommend dividing the genus into
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FAABFBB2FA05DC0B" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[1374,1436,1063,1084]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FAABFBB2FA05DC0B" box="[1374,1436,1063,1084]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64365FF95FCCBFBD1FCEFDC6E" box="[830,886,1092,1113]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FC5BFBD0FBA2DC6D" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[942,1083,1093,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthomyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FC5BFBD0FBA2DC6D" box="[942,1083,1093,1114]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Acanthomyops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
along the boundaries of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FA9FFBD0FA05DC6D" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1386,1436,1093,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FA9FFBD0FA05DC6D" box="[1386,1436,1093,1114]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FC9BFBF6FC3FDC4F" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[878,934,1123,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FC9BFBF6FC3FDC4F" box="[878,934,1123,1144]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade split. Resurrection of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FB2CFBF6FAFFDC4F" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[1241,1382,1123,1144]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthomyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FB2CFBF6FAFFDC4F" box="[1241,1382,1123,1144]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Acanthomyops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may be justified, as it is readily recognizable by the autapomorphic condition of its metapleural gland (see couplet 5 of key to lasiine genera above,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4365FF95FBC3FB29FB39DCE6" box="[1078,1184,1212,1233]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Fig. 7E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
, also Appendix S1), and the relatively old split between the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FB45FB4EFB71DCC7" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1200,1256,1243,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FB45FB4EFB71DCC7" box="[1200,1256,1243,1264]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FAD7FB4EFACDDCC7" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1314,1364,1243,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FAD7FB4EFACDDCC7" box="[1314,1364,1243,1264]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clades (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4365FF95FCB0FB6DFC12DD3A" box="[837,907,1272,1293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,184,1709,1729]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Results from phylogenetic analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset analyzed with MrBayes using the fossilized birth-death branch length prior and the IGR clock variation prior. Fossil taxa are indicated by a dagger preceding the name. Node support values are in Bayesian posterior probability. Filled circles indicate full support. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975358/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4365FF95FC69FB6DFC33DD3A" box="[924,938,1272,1293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,184,1363,1383]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,172,1332]" captionTargetId="figure-8@12.[157,1422,172,1332]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Results of the BioGeoBEARS and life-history trait ancestral state estimation analyses on a chronogram pruned from the analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals from the divergence dating. Coloured circles on nodes are inferred inherited biogeographic ranges, with the top half of each corresponding to the upper branch and bottom half with the lower branch; coloured circles at branch tips represent biogeographical coding for terminal; dashed lines at 60 and 30 Ma indicate the boundaries of the three BioGeoBEARS dispersal rate matrix time periods. Coloured boxes at branch tips represent presence or absence of two traits for Lasius: temporary social parasitism (black = absence, red = presence) and fungiculture (black = absence, green = presence). Stars on internal branches indicate the evolution of temporary social parasitism (red) and fungiculture (green) The figure background indicates generalized major climatological regimes during Earth’s history (Royer et al., 2004; Zachos et al., 2008; Hansen et al., 2013), while the inset globes visually represent palaeoclimate and landmass configuration modified from Scotese (1998)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975362/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">5</figureCitation>
|
||||
). However, we have elected not to do so here because: (i) our molecular sampling is still fractional at the species level (9/70
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FC09FAA1FBB7DD7E" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1020,1070,1332,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FC09FAA1FBB7DD7E" box="[1020,1070,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade, 12/54
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FB42FAA1FB76DD7E" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1207,1263,1332,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FB42FAA1FB76DD7E" box="[1207,1263,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade); (ii) transfer of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FC77FAC7FC59DD50" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[898,960,1362,1383]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FC77FAC7FC59DD50" box="[898,960,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
subgenera or species groups to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FAFAFAC7FA05DD50" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[1295,1436,1362,1383]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthomyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FAFAFAC7FA05DD50" box="[1295,1436,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Acanthomyops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
may be disruptive to the practicing systematic community; (iii) Sanger data are being rapidly superseded by UCE data for ant systematics; (iv) morphological investigation is necessary to diagnose the newly recovered groups, and (v) the ‘
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FCB3FA7DFC1DDDCA" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[838,900,1512,1533]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FCB3FA7DFC1DDDCA" box="[838,900,1512,1533]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’ gestalt is easy to recognize during field collecting and generally facilitates communication. In either case, the exceptional morphometric data being generated for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4365FF95FADDF9B1FAFFDE0E" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[1320,1382,1572,1593]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FADDF9B1FAFFDE0E" box="[1320,1382,1572,1593]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FCCBF9D7FC58DE60" author="Seifert, B." box="[830,961,1602,1623]" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="85 - 96" part="20" refId="ref37877" refString="Seifert, B. (1982) Lasius (Chthonolasius) jensi n. sp. - eine neue temporar sozialparasitische Erdameise aus Mitteleuropa (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Reichenbachia, 20, 85 - 96." title="Lasius (Chthonolasius) jensi n. sp. - eine neue temporar sozialparasitische Erdameise aus Mitteleuropa (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1982">Seifert, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FC25F9D7FB9BDE60" author="Seifert, B." box="[976,1026,1602,1623]" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="1 - 67" part="66" refId="ref38086" refString="Seifert, B. (1992) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the ant subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Gorlitz, 66, 1 - 67." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the ant subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1992">1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FBE4F9D7FBDDDE60" author="Seifert, B." box="[1041,1092,1602,1623]" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="15 - 86" part="92" refId="ref38209" refString="Seifert, B. (2020) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Soil Organisms, 92, 15 - 86." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FBA6F9D7FAFCDE60" author="Seifert, B. & Galkowski, C." box="[1107,1381,1602,1623]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="44 - 58" part="4132" refId="ref38246" refString="Seifert, B. & Galkowski, C. (2016) The Westpalaearctic Lasius paralienus complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) contains three species. Zootaxa, 4132, 44 - 58." title="The Westpalaearctic Lasius paralienus complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) contains three species" type="journal article" year="2016">Seifert & Galkowski, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) will be valuable for model-based phylogenetic analysis combining phenotypic and genotypic data (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FB3EF9EBFAD5DEA4" author="Prebus, M. M." box="[1227,1356,1662,1683]" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="22" part="17" refId="ref36726" refString="Prebus, M. M. (2017) Insights into the evolution, biogeography and natural history of the acorn ants, genus Temnothorax Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 17, 22. https: // doi. org / 10. 1186 / s 12862 - 017 - 1095 - 8." title="Insights into the evolution, biogeography and natural history of the acorn ants, genus Temnothorax Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2017">Prebus, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FAA2F9EBFC2EDE86" author="Barden, P. & Boudinot, B. E. & Lucky, A." journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Systematics" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="765 - 780" part="31" refId="ref30793" refString="Barden, P., Boudinot, B. E. & Lucky, A. (2017 a) Where fossils dare and males matter: combined morphological and molecular analysis untangles the evolutionary history of the spider ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Dolichoderinae). Invertebrate Systematics, 31, 765 - 780. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 16067." title="Where fossils dare and males matter: combined morphological and molecular analysis untangles the evolutionary history of the spider ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Dolichoderinae)" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||||
Barden
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4365FF95FCCBF909FCF6DE86" box="[830,879,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2017a
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), particularly in the light of the greater information content of continuous trait data relative to discretized characters (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4365FF95FCB0F94DFB8EDEDA" author="Parins-Fukuchi, C." box="[837,1047,1752,1773]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" pagination="328 - 339" part="67" refId="ref36473" refString="Parins-Fukuchi, C. (2018) Use of continuous traits can improve morphological phylogenetics. Systematic Biology, 67, 328 - 339. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syx 072." title="Use of continuous traits can improve morphological phylogenetics" type="journal article" year="2018">Parins-Fukuchi, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Ultimately, our goal is to encourage the consilience of morphological and molecular data, and we view both as critical for a complete understanding of evolution and systematics.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFF5FFF39FDC9DA49" blockId="24.[151,758,172,965]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
The following inter-group transfers are made: (i) Members of nonmonophyletic former
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFE7BFF5FFE55D8E8" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[398,460,202,223]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFE7BFF5FFE55D8E8" box="[398,460,202,223]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D6436AFF9AFE26FF5FFD9ED8E8" box="[467,519,202,223]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Are dispersed among
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFD17FF5FFF69D8CA" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFD17FF5FFF69D8CA" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">L. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFF08FF7DFED0D8CA" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[253,329,232,253]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFF08FF7DFED0D8CA" box="[253,329,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">L. niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFE8AFF7DFE63D8CA" baseAuthorityName="Provancher" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[383,506,232,253]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallitarsis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFE8AFF7DFE63D8CA" box="[383,506,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">L. pallitarsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
groups; (ii)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFD86FF7DFD55D8CA" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[627,716,232,253]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFD86FF7DFD55D8CA" box="[627,716,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">L. atopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFF62FE90FECDD92D" authority="Wheeler" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,340,261,282]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFF62FE90FF63D92D" box="[151,250,261,282]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">L. humilis</emphasis>
|
||||
Wheeler
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are removed from the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFDCBFE90FD2DD92D" authorityName="Nylander" box="[574,692,261,282]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFDCBFE90FD2DD92D" box="[574,692,261,282]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">L. umbratus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group (former
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFF1EFEB6FEECD90F" authorityName="Ruzsky" box="[235,373,291,312]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chthonolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFF1EFEB6FEECD90F" box="[235,373,291,312]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Chthonolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and placed in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFDB0FEB6FD1CD90F" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[581,645,291,312]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFDB0FEB6FD1CD90F" box="[581,645,291,312]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">atopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFD48FEB6FD6CD90F" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[701,757,291,312]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFD48FEB6FD6CD90F" box="[701,757,291,312]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
groups, respectively and; (iii)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFE3EFED4FD30D961" authority="Wheeler" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1906" box="[459,681,321,342]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFE3EFED4FDD4D961" box="[459,589,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">L. nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||||
Wheeler
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFD17FED4FED3D944" authority="Yamauchi" authorityName="Yamauchi" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sonobei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFD17FED4FF78D944" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">L. sonobei</emphasis>
|
||||
Yamauchi
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are removed from the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFDD8FECBFDFCD944" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[557,613,350,371]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFDD8FECBFDFCD944" box="[557,613,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group (former
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFF62FEE9FE90D9A6" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,265,380,401]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cautolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFF62FEE9FE90D9A6" box="[151,265,380,401]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Cautolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and placed in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFE30FEE9FDB1D9A6" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1906" box="[453,552,380,401]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFE30FEE9FDB1D9A6" box="[453,552,380,401]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group. For diagnosis of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFF2CFE0FFE92D998" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[217,267,410,431]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFF2CFE0FFE92D998" box="[217,267,410,431]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFECBFE0FFEEFD998" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[318,374,410,431]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFECBFE0FFEEFD998" box="[318,374,410,431]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clades, see the key to extant genera of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFF62FE22FF40D9FB" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,217,439,460]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
above. The task of morphologically distinguishing two pairs of groups, those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFE7EFE40FE7DD9DD" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[395,484,469,490]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFE7EFE40FE7DD9DD" box="[395,484,469,490]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFDE0FE40FDDED9DD" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[533,583,469,490]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFDE0FE40FDDED9DD" box="[533,583,469,490]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFD61FE40FD55D9DD" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[660,716,469,490]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFD61FE40FD55D9DD" box="[660,716,469,490]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFF62FE66FF63DA3F" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,250,499,520]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFF62FE66FF63DA3F" box="[151,250,499,520]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, is difficult. Future phylogenetic studies are expected to refine the boundaries of these species-groups. In addition, keys to the species within these groups, and especially that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFF62FDD9FF68DA56" authorityName="Nylander" box="[151,241,588,609]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFF62FDD9FF68DA56" box="[151,241,588,609]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">umbratus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, are necessary. Diagnostic remarks for each species group are provided to guide such future work.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFF5FFD12FD6FDBF2" blockId="24.[151,758,172,965]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
Note that, in the list below, [e] indicates that specimen(s) of the taxon has/have been examined while empty brackets, [], indicate that specimens were unavailable and placed based on study of the literature. Species that were included in our molecular sampling are
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFED7FD68FEFEDB24" bold="true" box="[290,359,765,787]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">bolded</emphasis>
|
||||
. Genus group type species are marked with asterisks (*). Overall, with the exclusion of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFD8CFC89FD6CDB06" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[633,757,796,817]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFD8CFC89FD6CDB06" box="[633,757,796,817]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">L. myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFF31FCACFEA2DB79" authorityName="Reza" authorityYear="1925" box="[196,315,825,846]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escamole">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFF31FCACFEA2DB79" box="[196,315,825,846]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">L. escamole</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 118 of the 125 valid, extant species (124) and subspecies (1) were examined either directly or indirectly (via AntWeb). For authorities and taxonomic synopses, refer to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436AFF9AFF62FC07FEB8DB90" author="Bolton, B." bookContentInfo="p. 504" box="[151,289,914,935]" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" refId="ref31474" refString="Bolton, B. (1995) A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World, p. 504. Harvard University Press, Cambridge." title="A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World" type="book" year="1995">Bolton (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
or AntCat (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436AFF9AFE6CFC07FD87DB90" accessDate="2021-07-05" author="Bolton, B." box="[409,542,914,935]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" publicationUrl="http://antcat.org" refId="ref31528" refString="Bolton, B. (2021) AntCat: An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World. URL http: // antcat. org [accessed on 5 July 2021]." title="AntCat: An Online Catalog of the Ants of the World" type="url" year="2021">Bolton, 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Finally, it should be noted that some groups contain additional, undescribed species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,163 +1,165 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="70270074D4661630AF7E4B50964D3F18">Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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||||
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|
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|
||||
<mods:identifier id="42688BDC3936C4B2A1B910FBBBFAEEF1" type="Zenodo-Dep">5975346</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="29E1BEBD881355B2DFA54E85A28463DB" type="ZooBank">016059BA-33C3-43B2-ADAD-6807DC5CB6D8</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303224" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278227" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303224" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A94366FF97FCC0FAA2FEA5D90E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A94366FF97FCC0FAA2FEA5D90E" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
|
||||
<subSubSection box="[821,1265,1335,1357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="20.[821,1427,1335,1863]" box="[821,1265,1335,1357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[821,1265,1335,1357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
|
||||
<treatment id="03B987A94366FF97FCC0FAA2FEA5D90E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303224" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278227" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303224" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A94366FF97FCC0FAA2FEA5D90E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A94366FF97FCC0FAA2FEA5D90E" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344366FF96FCC0FAA2FB68DD7A" box="[821,1265,1335,1357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4366FF96FCC0FAA2FB68DD7A" blockId="20.[821,1427,1335,1863]" box="[821,1265,1335,1357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FCC0FAA2FB68DD7A" bold="true" box="[821,1265,1335,1357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
|
||||
On the identity of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Wilson" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1985" box="[1054,1261,1335,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1054,1172,1335,1356]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Protrechina</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FBEBFAA2FB74DD7A" ID-CoL="63PM5" authority="Wilson" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1985" box="[1054,1261,1335,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FBEBFAA2FB0DDD7B" bold="true" box="[1054,1172,1335,1356]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Protrechina</emphasis>
|
||||
Wilson
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="20.[821,1427,1335,1863]" lastBlockId="21.[161,767,172,313]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, E. O." box="[1280,1427,1336,1357]" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="205 - 216" part="92" refId="ref39645" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1985) Ants from the Cretaceous and Eocene amber of North America. Psyche, 92, 205 - 216." title="Ants from the Cretaceous and Eocene amber of North America" type="journal article" year="1985">Wilson (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344366FF97FAF5FAADFEA5D90E" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4366FF97FAF5FAADFEA5D90E" blockId="20.[821,1427,1335,1863]" lastBlockId="21.[161,767,172,313]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FAF5FAADFA0ADD7A" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[1280,1427,1336,1357]" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="205 - 216" part="92" refId="ref39645" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1985) Ants from the Cretaceous and Eocene amber of North America. Psyche, 92, 205 - 216." title="Ants from the Cretaceous and Eocene amber of North America" type="journal article" year="1985">Wilson (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described a genus putatively close to
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[1196,1320,1366,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1196,1320,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Paratrechina</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FB59FAC3FAB1DD5C" authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[1196,1320,1366,1387]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FB59FAC3FAB1DD5C" box="[1196,1320,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Paratrechina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1329,1427,1365,1386]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64366FF96FAC4FAC0FA0ADD5D" box="[1329,1427,1365,1386]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(∼
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[851,954,1395,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[851,954,1395,1416]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FCA6FAE6FC23DDBF" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[851,954,1395,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FCA6FAE6FC23DDBF" box="[851,954,1395,1416]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group) from mid-Eocene Claiborne amber (Arkansas, 40.4–37.2 Ma;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Saunders, W. B. & Mapes, R. H. & Carpenter, F. M. & Elsik, W. C." box="[1086,1297,1425,1446]" journalOrPublisher="GSA Bulletin" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="979 - 984" part="85" refId="ref37568" refString="Saunders, W. B., Mapes, R. H., Carpenter, F. M. & Elsik, W. C. (1974) Fossiliferous amber from the Eocene (Claiborne) of the Gulf coastal plain. GSA Bulletin, 85, 979 - 984." title="Fossiliferous amber from the Eocene (Claiborne) of the Gulf coastal plain" type="journal article" year="1974">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FBCBFA04FA88DD91" author="Saunders, W. B. & Mapes, R. H. & Carpenter, F. M. & Elsik, W. C." box="[1086,1297,1425,1446]" journalOrPublisher="GSA Bulletin" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="979 - 984" part="85" refId="ref37568" refString="Saunders, W. B., Mapes, R. H., Carpenter, F. M. & Elsik, W. C. (1974) Fossiliferous amber from the Eocene (Claiborne) of the Gulf coastal plain. GSA Bulletin, 85, 979 - 984." title="Fossiliferous amber from the Eocene (Claiborne) of the Gulf coastal plain" type="journal article" year="1974">
|
||||
Saunders
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1181,1232,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FB68FA04FB49DD91" box="[1181,1232,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 1974
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This genus, †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1985" box="[833,946,1455,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[833,946,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Protrechina</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FCB4FA3AFC2BDDF3" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1985" box="[833,946,1455,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FCB4FA3AFC2BDDF3" box="[833,946,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Protrechina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, supposedly differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[1197,1321,1455,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1197,1321,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Paratrechina</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FB58FA3AFAB0DDF3" authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[1197,1321,1455,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FB58FA3AFAB0DDF3" box="[1197,1321,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Paratrechina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1328,1362,1455,1476]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" sensu="lato">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1328,1357,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">s. l</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64366FF96FAC5FA3AFACBDDF3" box="[1328,1362,1455,1476]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" sensu="lato">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FAC5FA3AFAD4DDF3" box="[1328,1357,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">s. l</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lepisiota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Lepisiota</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FA95FA3AFC20DDD6" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lepisiota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FA95FA3AFCFDDDD5" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Lepisiota</emphasis>
|
||||
Santschi
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[995,1195,1484,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachymyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[995,1139,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Brachymyrmex</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FC16FA58FB32DDD6" authority="Mayr" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[995,1195,1484,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachymyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FC16FA58FBEADDD5" box="[995,1139,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Brachymyrmex</emphasis>
|
||||
Mayr
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
– among other, unstated formicines – by the absence of standing macrosetae on the mesosomal dorsum, a state similar to that observed for
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus, 2022" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FA93F99DFCE0DE0C" authority="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus, 2022" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FA93F99DFCE0DE0C" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[900,983,1573,1595]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[900,983,1573,1595]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" rank="genus">gen.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FC71F9B0FC4EDE0C" bold="true" box="[900,983,1573,1595]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64366FF96FC71F9B0FC4EDE0C" box="[900,983,1573,1595]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" rank="genus">gen.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
as noted below. The genus has been variably treated as a lasiine (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bolton, B." bookContentInfo="p. 222" box="[1097,1233,1603,1624]" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" refId="ref31447" refString="Bolton, B. (1994) Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World, p. 222. Harvard University Press, Cambridge." title="Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World" type="book" year="1994">Bolton, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FBBCF9D6FB48DE6F" author="Bolton, B." bookContentInfo="p. 222" box="[1097,1233,1603,1624]" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" refId="ref31447" refString="Bolton, B. (1994) Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World, p. 222. Harvard University Press, Cambridge." title="Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World" type="book" year="1994">Bolton, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bolton, B." bookContentInfo="p. 504" box="[1251,1302,1603,1624]" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" refId="ref31474" refString="Bolton, B. (1995) A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World, p. 504. Harvard University Press, Cambridge." title="A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World" type="book" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FB16F9D6FA8FDE6F" author="Bolton, B." bookContentInfo="p. 504" box="[1251,1302,1603,1624]" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" refId="ref31474" refString="Bolton, B. (1995) A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World, p. 504. Harvard University Press, Cambridge." title="A New General Catalogue of the Ants of the World" type="book" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="LaPolla, J. S. & Dlussky, G. M." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="258 - 273" part="112" refId="ref35305" refString="LaPolla, J. S. & Dlussky, G. M. (2010) Review of fossil Prenolepis genus-group species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 112, 258 - 273." title="Review of fossil Prenolepis genus-group species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">LaPolla & Dlussky, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FADDF9D6FC59DE41" author="LaPolla, J. S. & Dlussky, G. M." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="258 - 273" part="112" refId="ref35305" refString="LaPolla, J. S. & Dlussky, G. M. (2010) Review of fossil Prenolepis genus-group species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 112, 258 - 273." title="Review of fossil Prenolepis genus-group species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">LaPolla & Dlussky, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), a ‘prenolepidine’ (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Holldobler, B. & Wilson, E. O." bookContentInfo="xii + 732 pp." box="[1151,1416,1633,1654]" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts." pageId="20" pageNumber="133" refId="ref34528" refString="Holldobler, B. & Wilson, E. O. (1990) The Ants. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. xii + 732 pp." title="The Ants" type="book" year="1990">Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FB8AF9F4FA11DE41" author="Holldobler, B. & Wilson, E. O." bookContentInfo="xii + 732 pp." box="[1151,1416,1633,1654]" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts." pageId="20" pageNumber="133" refId="ref34528" refString="Holldobler, B. & Wilson, E. O. (1990) The Ants. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. xii + 732 pp." title="The Ants" type="book" year="1990">Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), or as
|
||||
<emphasis box="[872,1004,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FC9DF9EAFC75DEA3" box="[872,1004,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||||
in the subfamily where it remains at present (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, E. O." box="[828,967,1693,1714]" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="205 - 216" part="92" refId="ref39645" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1985) Ants from the Cretaceous and Eocene amber of North America. Psyche, 92, 205 - 216." title="Ants from the Cretaceous and Eocene amber of North America" type="journal article" year="1985">Wilson, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FCC9F908FC5EDE85" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[828,967,1693,1714]" journalOrPublisher="Psyche" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="205 - 216" part="92" refId="ref39645" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1985) Ants from the Cretaceous and Eocene amber of North America. Psyche, 92, 205 - 216." title="Ants from the Cretaceous and Eocene amber of North America" type="journal article" year="1985">Wilson, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Dlussky, G. M. & Fedoseeva, E. B." bookContentInfo="232 pp." box="[984,1271,1693,1714]" editor="Ponomarenko, A. G." journalOrPublisher="Moskva: Nauka" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="70 - 144" refId="ref33007" refString="Dlussky, G. M. & Fedoseeva, E. B. (1988) Origin and early stages of evolution in ants [in Russian]. Pp. 70 - 144 in: Ponomarenko, A. G. (ed.) Cretaceous Biocenotic Crisis and Insect Evolution. [in Russian.]. Moskva: Nauka, 232 pp." title="Origin and early stages of evolution in ants" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Cretaceous Biocenotic Crisis and Insect Evolution" year="1988">Dlussky & Fedoseeva 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FC2DF908FB6EDE85" author="Dlussky, G. M. & Fedoseeva, E. B." bookContentInfo="232 pp." box="[984,1271,1693,1714]" editor="Ponomarenko, A. G." journalOrPublisher="Moskva: Nauka" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="70 - 144" refId="ref33007" refString="Dlussky, G. M. & Fedoseeva, E. B. (1988) Origin and early stages of evolution in ants [in Russian]. Pp. 70 - 144 in: Ponomarenko, A. G. (ed.) Cretaceous Biocenotic Crisis and Insect Evolution. [in Russian.]. Moskva: Nauka, 232 pp." title="Origin and early stages of evolution in ants" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Cretaceous Biocenotic Crisis and Insect Evolution" year="1988">Dlussky & Fedoseeva 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bolton, B." box="[1288,1423,1693,1714]" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 370" part="71" refId="ref31502" refString="Bolton, B. (2003) Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 71, 1 - 370." title="Synopsis and classification of Formicidae" type="journal article" year="2003">Bolton, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FAFDF908FA16DE85" author="Bolton, B." box="[1288,1423,1693,1714]" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="1 - 370" part="71" refId="ref31502" refString="Bolton, B. (2003) Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 71, 1 - 370." title="Synopsis and classification of Formicidae" type="journal article" year="2003">Bolton, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Ward, P. S. & Blaimer, B. B. & Fisher, B. L." box="[821,1003,1723,1744]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="343 - 357" part="4072" refId="ref39006" refString="Ward, P. S., Blaimer, B. B. & Fisher, B. L. (2016) A revised phylogenetic classification of the ant subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with resurrection of the genera Colobopsis and Dinoponera. Zootaxa, 4072, 343 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / Zootaxa. 4072.3.4." title="A revised phylogenetic classification of the ant subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with resurrection of the genera Colobopsis and Dinoponera" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4366FF96FCC0F92EFC72DEE7" author="Ward, P. S. & Blaimer, B. B. & Fisher, B. L." box="[821,1003,1723,1744]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="343 - 357" part="4072" refId="ref39006" refString="Ward, P. S., Blaimer, B. B. & Fisher, B. L. (2016) A revised phylogenetic classification of the ant subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with resurrection of the genera Colobopsis and Dinoponera. Zootaxa, 4072, 343 - 357. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / Zootaxa. 4072.3.4." title="A revised phylogenetic classification of the ant subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with resurrection of the genera Colobopsis and Dinoponera" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||||
Ward
|
||||
<emphasis box="[882,935,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FC87F92EFC3EDEE7" box="[882,935,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2016
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). The type specimen of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Wilson" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Protrechina carpenteri</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FB05F92EFC5EDEDA" authority="Wilson" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Protrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpenteri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FB05F92EFCE0DED9" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Protrechina carpenteri</emphasis>
|
||||
Wilson
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, at the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard), should be reexamined to evaluate its tribal, and perhaps generic, placement. This would be particularly valuable given the approximately mid-Eocene origin of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[1324,1427,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1324,1427,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4366FF96FAD9F8A7FA0ADF70" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[1324,1427,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4366FF96FAD9F8A7FA0ADF70" box="[1324,1427,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group here inferred (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[447,513,172,193]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,184,1709,1729]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Results from phylogenetic analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset analyzed with MrBayes using the fossilized birth-death branch length prior and the IGR clock variation prior. Fossil taxa are indicated by a dagger preceding the name. Node support values are in Bayesian posterior probability. Filled circles indicate full support. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975358/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4367FF97FE4AFF39FD98D8F6" box="[447,513,172,193]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,184,1709,1729]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Results from phylogenetic analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset analyzed with MrBayes using the fossilized birth-death branch length prior and the IGR clock variation prior. Fossil taxa are indicated by a dagger preceding the name. Node support values are in Bayesian posterior probability. Filled circles indicate full support. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975358/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
; Table 5); such a study will be facilitated by use of micro-CT (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hita-Garcia, F. & Fischer, G. & Liu, C. & Audisio, T. L. & Economo, E. P." journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="33 - 93" part="693" refId="ref34414" refString="Hita-Garcia, F., Fischer, G., Liu, C., Audisio, T. L. & Economo, E. P. (2017) Next-generation morphological character discovery and evaluation: an X-ray micro-CT enhanced revision of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae) in the Afrotropics. ZooKeys, 693, 33 - 93." title="Next-generation morphological character discovery and evaluation: an X-ray micro-CT enhanced revision of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae) in the Afrotropics" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4367FF97FD7BFF5FFE8FD8CA" author="Hita-Garcia, F. & Fischer, G. & Liu, C. & Audisio, T. L. & Economo, E. P." journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="33 - 93" part="693" refId="ref34414" refString="Hita-Garcia, F., Fischer, G., Liu, C., Audisio, T. L. & Economo, E. P. (2017) Next-generation morphological character discovery and evaluation: an X-ray micro-CT enhanced revision of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae) in the Afrotropics. ZooKeys, 693, 33 - 93." title="Next-generation morphological character discovery and evaluation: an X-ray micro-CT enhanced revision of the ant genus Zasphinctus Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dorylinae) in the Afrotropics" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||||
Hita-Garcia
|
||||
<emphasis box="[161,213,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FF54FF7DFF4CD8CA" box="[161,213,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2017
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Barden, P. & Herhold, H. W. & Grimaldi, D. A." box="[291,498,232,253]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="837 - 846" part="42" refId="ref30863" refString="Barden, P., Herhold, H. W. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2017 b) A new genus of hell ants from the Cretaceous (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Haidomyrmecini) with a novel head structure. Systematic Entomology, 42, 837 - 846." title="A new genus of hell ants from the Cretaceous (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Haidomyrmecini) with a novel head structure" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4367FF97FED6FF7DFE6BD8CA" author="Barden, P. & Herhold, H. W. & Grimaldi, D. A." box="[291,498,232,253]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="837 - 846" part="42" refId="ref30863" refString="Barden, P., Herhold, H. W. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2017 b) A new genus of hell ants from the Cretaceous (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Haidomyrmecini) with a novel head structure. Systematic Entomology, 42, 837 - 846." title="A new genus of hell ants from the Cretaceous (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Haidomyrmecini) with a novel head structure" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||||
Barden
|
||||
<emphasis box="[369,421,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FE84FF7DFE3CD8CA" box="[369,421,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2017b
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; Boudinot
|
||||
<emphasis box="[609,661,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4367FF97FD94FF7DFD0CD8CA" box="[609,661,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, in press), given the poor condition of the specimen reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="LaPolla, J. S. & Dlussky, G. M." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="258 - 273" part="112" refId="ref35305" refString="LaPolla, J. S. & Dlussky, G. M. (2010) Review of fossil Prenolepis genus-group species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 112, 258 - 273." title="Review of fossil Prenolepis genus-group species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">LaPolla & Dlussky (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4367FF97FD69FE93FEA1D90E" author="LaPolla, J. S. & Dlussky, G. M." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="258 - 273" part="112" refId="ref35305" refString="LaPolla, J. S. & Dlussky, G. M. (2010) Review of fossil Prenolepis genus-group species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 112, 258 - 273." title="Review of fossil Prenolepis genus-group species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">LaPolla & Dlussky (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,296 +0,0 @@
|
|||
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303226" ID-GBIF-Dataset="564eaad8-6245-4f42-9a88-42b97bf30807" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278226" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303226" approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1644003985773" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M." docDate="2022" docId="03B987A94367FF97FF54FEC2FB62DE5C" docLanguage="en" docName="systEnt.47.113-151.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Systematic Entomology 47" docTitle="Lasiini Ashmead 1905" docType="key" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="134" masterDocId="FF80FFD14372FF82FFF5FF95FF99D837" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="113" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" updateTime="1646046328535" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Systematic Entomology</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number>2022-01-10</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>47</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>113</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>151</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1111/syen.12522</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">564eaad8-6245-4f42-9a88-42b97bf30807</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5975346</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303226" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278226" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303226" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A94367FF97FF54FEC2FB62DE5C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A94367FF97FF54FEC2FB62DE5C" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="21.[161,766,343,395]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<heading pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
Key to extant genera of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[400,470,343,365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and primary clades of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" box="[701,766,343,364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[701,766,343,364]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(workers)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="key">
|
||||
<key pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="21.[177,768,403,904]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[177,196,403,425]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Antenna with eight antennomeres. Mesonotum, metanotum, and propodeum more-or-less continuous, and metanotum undifferentiated (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[561,646,463,484]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Propodeal spiracle distinctly situated in dorsal third of propodeum. Frontal carinae inconspicuous, being extremely short (
|
||||
<emphasis box="[227,243,553,575]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134"><</emphasis>
|
||||
0.5 × anteroposterior antennal torulus diameter) or absent .............................................. ...
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1920" box="[261,389,613,634]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cladomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[261,389,613,634]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Cladomyrma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Agosti, D." box="[401,566,613,634]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="293 - 310" part="16" refId="ref30626" refString="Agosti, D. (1991) Revision of the oriental ant genus Cladomyrma, with an outline of the higher classification of the Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 16, 293 - 310." title="Revision of the oriental ant genus Cladomyrma, with an outline of the higher classification of the Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1991">seeAgosti, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Agosti, D. & Moog, J. & Maschwitz, U." box="[575,757,613,634]" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 24" part="3283" refId="ref30666" refString="Agosti, D., Moog, J. & Maschwitz, U. (1999) Revision of the oriental plant-ant genus Cladomyrma. American Museum Novitates, 3283, 1 - 24." title="Revision of the oriental plant-ant genus Cladomyrma" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||||
Agosti
|
||||
<emphasis box="[645,694,613,634]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">etal.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 1999
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="21.[177,768,403,904]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,193,643,665]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">–</emphasis>
|
||||
Antenna with 11 or 12 antennomeres. Mesonotum, metanotum, and/or propodeum discontinuous, and metanotum differentiated (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[497,681,703,724]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6A–G, I–L</figureCitation>
|
||||
), rarely mesosomal dorsum continuous and metanotum undifferentiated (few
|
||||
<emphasis box="[380,549,763,784]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Paraparatrechina</emphasis>
|
||||
) (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[572,651,763,784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Propodeal spiracle situated somewhat below or above midheight of propodeum, but not in dorsal third. Frontal carinae conspicuous (≥1.0 × anteroposterior antennal torulus diameter) .................... ....................
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[755,767,882,904]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">2</emphasis>
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</keyStep>
|
||||
<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="21.[177,768,912,1594]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[177,195,912,934]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Petiole posteriorly elongated. Node reduced, apex not or barely projecting dorsally above metapleural gland when observed in profile view (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[464,569,973,994]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6F–L</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Abdominal tergum IV with anterolateral corners directed anterodorsally from helcium and forming lateral margins of concavity, which receives entire posterior region of petiole when gaster raised (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[292,371,1092,1113]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||||
); petiole largely obscured by abdominal tergum IV in dorsal view. Facial region between antennal toruli flat, effaced frontal carinae not raised above toruli (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[226,304,1182,1203]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)...........................
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[597,702,1182,1203]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[597,702,1182,1203]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="LaPolla, J. S. & Kallal, R. J. & Brady, S. G." box="[330,520,1212,1234]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="200 - 214" part="37" refId="ref35441" refString="LaPolla, J. S., Kallal, R. J. & Brady, S. G. (2012) A new ant genus from the greater Antilles and Central America, Zatania (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), exemplifies the utility of male and molecular character systems. Systematic Entomology, 37, 200 - 214." title="A new ant genus from the greater Antilles and Central America, Zatania (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), exemplifies the utility of male and molecular character systems" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||||
LaPolla
|
||||
<emphasis box="[410,459,1213,1234]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">etal.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2012
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="LaPolla, J. S. & Fisher, B. L." box="[530,757,1212,1233]" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="35 - 48" part="422" refId="ref35347" refString="LaPolla, J. S. & Fisher, B. L. (2014) Then there were five: a reexamination of the ant genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys, 422, 35 - 48." title="Then there were five: a reexamination of the ant genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2014">LaPolla & Fisher, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="21.[177,768,912,1594]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,193,1242,1264]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">–</emphasis>
|
||||
Petiole without posterior elongation. Node squamiform, not reduced, apex projecting dorsally above metapleural gland when observed in profile view (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[226,342,1332,1353]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6B–E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Abdominal tergum IV with anterolateral corners weakly or not raised anterodorsally from helcium, corners not forming lateral margins of concavity and not concealing entire posterior region of petiole when gaster raised (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[530,617,1452,1473]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); petiole visible in dorsal view, not obscured by abdominal tergum IV. Facial region between antennal toruli bulging to concave, frontal carinae raised above toruli (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[226,301,1572,1593]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) ..........................................
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[755,767,1572,1594]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">3</emphasis>
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</keyStep>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="21.[177,767,1602,1863]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[177,195,1602,1624]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">3.</emphasis>
|
||||
Eyes situated in anterior half of head as measured in full-face view (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[383,481,1632,1653]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[151,184,1169,1189]" captionTargetBox="[307,1271,173,1137]" captionTargetId="figure-8@20.[306,1272,172,1138]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 10. Habitus images for the three new genera recognized in this study; scale bars = 0.25 mm. (A, B) Metalasius myrmidon gen.nov. comb.nov. (CASENT0906115); (C, D) †Metalasius pumilus gen.nov. comb.nov. (SMFBE1226); (E, F) †Sussudio gen.nov. comb.nov. (GZG-BST04646). Views: A = full-face; B, E = profile; C = laterally oblique facial; D, F = dorsal. Observe: (1) The compound eyes of Metalasius myrmidon and †M. pumilus are mid-set, and (2) †Sussudio gen.nov. has a distinctly-carinate propodeal foramen, vertical petiolar node and nongrooved (lateromedially convex) third abdominal tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975378/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Metapleural gland orifice reduced, with opening directed posteriorly. Propodeal spiracle situated in lower half of propodeum in profile view. Antennomere III broader than long. Hypostoma lacking carina along lateral margins ................... .........................
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[495,692,1781,1803]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus, 2022" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[495,603,1782,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[495,603,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[609,692,1781,1803]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" rank="genus">gen.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(notall states observable for †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[463,581,1812,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[463,581,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[596,714,1811,1833]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[596,714,1811,1833]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, see below).
|
||||
</keyStep>
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="21.[851,1437,172,372]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[851,863,172,194]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">–</emphasis>
|
||||
Eyes situated in posterior half of head as measured in full-face view (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[1042,1104,202,223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Metapleural gland orifice small to very large, opening laterally as well as posteriorly. Propodeal spiracle situated at or above midheight of propodeum in profile view. Antennomere III usually longer than broad. Hypostoma with carina along lateral margins ......................
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1200,1436,350,372]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
4 (
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" box="[1226,1291,351,372]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1226,1291,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group).
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="21.[847,1437,380,968]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[847,865,380,402]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">4.</emphasis>
|
||||
Maxillary palpomeres III and IV strongly flattened and greatly elongated, length of each exceeds length of apical antennomere. Ventral surface of head with psammophore, that is, margined by long setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[1341,1426,470,491]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Mesothorax and metathorax elongated, mesonotum meeting metanotum at very low angle (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[1231,1311,529,550]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Compound eyes set at or near extreme posterior margin of head in full-face view; eyes often separated from this border by
|
||||
<emphasis box="[919,935,618,640]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134"><</emphasis>
|
||||
1 eye diameter .................................. ............
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wasmael" box="[1020,1173,648,669]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecocystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1020,1173,648,669]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Myrmecocystus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Snelling, R. R." box="[1223,1364,648,669]" journalOrPublisher="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Bulletin" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 163" part="24" refId="ref38344" refString="Snelling, R. R. (1976) A Revision of the Honey Ants, Genus Myrmecocystus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Science Bulletin, 24, 1 - 163." title="A Revision of the Honey Ants, Genus Myrmecocystus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1976">Snelling, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Snelling, R. R." box="[1374,1426,648,669]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="69 - 86" part="81" refId="ref38384" refString="Snelling, R. R. (1982) A revision of the honey ants, genus Myrmecocystus, first supplement (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 81, 69 - 86." title="A revision of the honey ants, genus Myrmecocystus, first supplement (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="21.[847,1437,380,968]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[851,863,678,700]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">–</emphasis>
|
||||
Maxillary palpomeres III and IV circular to elliptical in cross-section and not elongated, length of each is less than length of apical antennomere. Ventral surface of head without psammophore (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[1306,1425,767,788]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Mesothorax not elongated and metathorax very rarely elongated, mesonotum usually meeting metanotum at steep angle (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[1021,1137,857,878]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[151,184,1221,1241]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,174,1191]" captionTargetId="figure-8@16.[156,1423,172,1191]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig. 6. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the Lasiini; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm. (A) Cladomyrma hewitti (CASENT0173906); (B) Lasius lasioides (CASENT0906077); (C) Lasius citrinus (CASENT0103542); (D) Myrmecocystus melliger (CASENT0103518); (E) Metalasius myrmidon (CASENT0903666); (F) Euprenolepis procera (CASENT0906260); (G) Nylanderia amblyops (CASENT0007735); (H) Paraparatrechina albipes (CASENT0178759); (I) Paratrechina ankarana (CASENT0454372); (J) Prenolepis imparis (CASENT0179615); (K) Pseudolasius amaurops (CASENT0106005); (L) Zatania gibberosa (CASENT0281461). (Image credits, AntWeb: A, C, G, H = April Nobile; B = Shannon Hartman; D = Jen Fogarty; E, Will Ericson; F, Estella Ortega; I, Michele Esposito; J, Erin Prado; K, Michael Branstetter; L, Ziv Lieberman)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975364" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975364/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 6B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Compound eyes set further away from posterior head margin in full-face view; eyes usually separated from this border by
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1360,1376,916,938]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">></emphasis>
|
||||
1 eye diameter..................................
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1331,1430,946,968]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
5 (
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" box="[1357,1422,946,967]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1357,1422,946,967]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</keyStep>
|
||||
<keyStep pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="21.[847,1437,975,1503]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[847,865,975,997]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">5.</emphasis>
|
||||
Metapleural gland enlarged internally, atrium (internal chamber of gland) bulging (forming bulla) and conspicuously visible from external view in profile (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[1336,1414,1035,1056]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)*. Usually, distance between atrium and propodeal spiracle
|
||||
<emphasis box="[889,905,1094,1116]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134"><</emphasis>
|
||||
2 spiracular diameters as viewed with spiracle and gland in same plane of focus (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[1116,1190,1124,1145]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Compound eyes usually somewhat- to very-reduced;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1163,1178,1154,1176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">if</emphasis>
|
||||
compound eye large,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1391,1436,1154,1176]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">then</emphasis>
|
||||
offset basal tooth present on mandible
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1264,1303,1184,1206]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">and</emphasis>
|
||||
body yellowish brown........................................... ................................
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1241,1436,1243,1265]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1241,1370,1243,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1241,1370,1243,1264]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Lasiusflavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="21.[847,1437,975,1503]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<keyLead pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[851,863,1273,1295]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">–</emphasis>
|
||||
Metapleural gland small, atrium flat to concave, inconspicuous from external view in profile (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[1340,1425,1303,1324]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Usually, distance between atrium and propodeal spiracle
|
||||
<emphasis box="[940,956,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">></emphasis>
|
||||
2 spiracular diameters as viewed with spiracle and gland in same plane of focus (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[1275,1357,1392,1413]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Compound eyes relatively large
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1195,1234,1422,1444]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">and</emphasis>
|
||||
offset basal tooth absent;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[972,987,1452,1474]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">if</emphasis>
|
||||
offset basal tooth present,
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1289,1334,1452,1474]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">then</emphasis>
|
||||
body jet black .............................
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1248,1436,1481,1503]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1248,1371,1481,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1248,1371,1481,1502]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Lasiusniger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</keyStep>
|
||||
</key>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="21.[830,1436,1533,1643]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
|
||||
*Note: The enlarged state of the metapleural gland bulla is a defining synapomorphy of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1126,1182,1563,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1126,1182,1563,1584]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade. Aslightly enlarged bulla is observable in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1087,1192,1592,1613]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1087,1192,1592,1613]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">fuliginosus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species group, but these jet-coloured ants are otherwise highly distinct.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
315
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|
|
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|
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|
||||
<mods:identifier id="74EECEACFAF500A1E0C5EAC0AF42B9CF" type="ZooBank">016059BA-33C3-43B2-ADAD-6807DC5CB6D8</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="03B987A94368FF98FF5FFBD5FC20D9DA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A94368FF98FF5FFBD5FC20D9DA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A94368FF98FF5FFBD5FC20D9DA" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344368FF98FF5FFBD5FD6FDC61" box="[170,758,1088,1110]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4368FF98FF5FFBD5FD6FDC61" blockId="26.[151,758,1088,1863]" box="[170,758,1088,1110]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF5FFBD5FD6FDC61" bold="true" box="[170,758,1088,1110]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
7. Species group of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE8CFBD5FE4EDC62" ID-CoL="3SGZ5" authorityName="Nylander" box="[377,471,1088,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE8CFBD5FE4EDC62" bold="true" box="[377,471,1088,1109]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">umbratus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FDF7FBD5FD0BDC62" authorityName="Ruzsky" box="[514,658,1088,1109]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chthonolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FDF7FBD5FD0BDC62" bold="true" box="[514,658,1088,1109]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">Chthonolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
part 2/2)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344368FF98FF62FBCAFE94DC43" box="[151,269,1119,1140]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4368FF98FF62FBCAFE94DC43" blockId="26.[151,758,1088,1863]" box="[151,269,1119,1140]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4368FF98FF6BFBCAFF7FDC43" box="[158,230,1119,1140]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,184,1627,1647]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,226,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-8@18.[156,1423,225,1597]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the extant species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in full-face view; scale bars = 0.5 mm. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (MNHNB25217); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975370/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">Figs 8J</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4368FF98FF05FBCAFE9FDC43" box="[240,262,1119,1140]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">9J</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344368FF98FF62FBE8FDDFDD96" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" type="taxon_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4368FF98FF62FBE8FDDFDD96" blockId="26.[151,758,1088,1863]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
Constituent species (24):
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE7BFBE9FE7DDCA5" bold="true" box="[398,484,1148,1170]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">Nearctic</emphasis>
|
||||
(6):
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FDE0FBE8FDE2DCA5" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[533,635,1149,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aphidicola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FDE0FBE8FDE2DCA5" box="[533,635,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">aphidicola</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FD5CFBE8FF62DC87" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FD5CFBE8FD6CDCA5" box="[681,757,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">minutus</emphasis>
|
||||
Emery
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FED8FB0EFE55DC87" authority="Cole" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1956" box="[301,460,1179,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FED8FB0EFE0FDC87" box="[301,406,1179,1200]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Cole
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE0BFB0EFD55DC87" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1893" box="[510,716,1179,1200]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speculiventris">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE0BFB0EFD1ADC87" box="[510,643,1179,1200]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">speculiventris</emphasis>
|
||||
Emery
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FF4EFB2CFE15DCF9" authority="Viereck" authorityName="Viereck" authorityYear="1903" box="[187,396,1209,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subumbratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF4EFB2CFEA2DCF9" bold="true" box="[187,315,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">subumbratus</emphasis>
|
||||
Viereck
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE4DFB2CFDCEDCF9" authority="Wheeler" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1910" box="[440,599,1209,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vestitus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE4DFB2CFD99DCF9" box="[440,512,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">vestitus</emphasis>
|
||||
Wheeler
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e];
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FD71FB2CFD6CDCF8" bold="true" box="[644,757,1209,1231]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">Palaearctic</emphasis>
|
||||
(18):
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FF05FB42FE07DCDB" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1988" box="[240,414,1239,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcanicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF05FB42FEC1DCDB" box="[240,344,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">balcanicus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE39FB42FDE7DCDB" authority="(Foerster)" baseAuthorityName="Foerster" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[460,638,1239,1260]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE39FB42FD83DCDB" box="[460,538,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">bicornis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Foerster)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FD59FB42FF62DD3D" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="citrinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FD59FB42FD6CDCDB" box="[684,757,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">citrinus</emphasis>
|
||||
Emery
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FEDFFB60FE5DDD3D" authority="(Smith)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[298,452,1269,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinitus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FEDFFB60FEEADD3D" box="[298,371,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">crinitus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Smith)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE07FB60FD54DD3D" authority="(Emery)" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[498,717,1269,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="distinguendus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE07FB60FDEEDD3D" box="[498,631,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">distinguendus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Emery)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FF4EFA81FEEFDD1F" authority="Collingwood" authorityName="Collingwood" authorityYear="1982" box="[187,374,1299,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="draco">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF4EFA81FF6BDD1E" box="[187,242,1300,1321]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">draco</emphasis>
|
||||
Collingwood
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE6DFA81FD92DD1F" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1982" box="[408,523,1299,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jensi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE6DFA81FE5CDD1E" box="[408,453,1300,1321]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">jensi</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FDCDFA81FD0DDD1E" box="[568,660,1300,1321]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">longiceps</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert [],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FF4EFAA7FE39DD70" authority="(Bondroit)" baseAuthorityName="Bondroit" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[187,416,1330,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF4EFAA7FEADDD70" box="[187,308,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bondroit)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE25FAA7FD11DD70" authority="Collingwood" authorityName="Collingwood" authorityYear="1982" box="[464,648,1330,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mikir">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE25FAA7FD9BDD70" box="[464,514,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">mikir</emphasis>
|
||||
Collingwood
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FD42FAA7FEBDDD52" authority="(Nylander)" baseAuthorityName="Nylander" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mixtus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FD42FAA7FD6CDD70" box="[695,757,1330,1351]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">mixtus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Nylander)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FEA1FAC5FD93DD52" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1996" box="[340,522,1360,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidigaster">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FEA1FAC5FE5BDD52" box="[340,450,1360,1381]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">nitidigaster</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FDCFFAC5FD6CDD52" authority="Ruzsky" authorityName="Ruzsky" authorityYear="1915" box="[570,757,1360,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="przewalskii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FDCFFAC5FD3EDD52" box="[570,679,1360,1381]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">przewalskii</emphasis>
|
||||
Ruzsky
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FF2CFAFBFE09DDB4" authority="(Bondroit)" baseAuthorityName="Bondroit" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[217,400,1390,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rabaudi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF2CFAFBFEBDDDB4" box="[217,292,1390,1411]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">rabaudi</emphasis>
|
||||
(Bondroit)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE34FAFBFDB2DDB4" baseAuthorityName="Bondroit" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[449,555,1390,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabularum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE34FAFBFDB2DDB4" bold="true" box="[449,555,1390,1411]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">sabularum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FDAFFAFBFD05DDB4" box="[602,668,1390,1411]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">tibialis</emphasis>
|
||||
Santschi [],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF22FA19FEA4DD96" box="[215,317,1420,1441]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FF22FA19FEADDD96" authorityName="Nylander" box="[215,308,1420,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratus">umbratus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
*
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE9FFA19FD86DD96" authority="Starcke" authorityName="Starcke" box="[362,543,1420,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viehmeyeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE9FFA19FE4BDD96" box="[362,466,1420,1441]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">viehmeyeri</emphasis>
|
||||
Stärcke
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344368FF98FF62FA3FFEE0DD88" box="[151,377,1450,1471]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4368FF98FF62FA3FFEE0DD88" blockId="26.[151,758,1088,1863]" box="[151,377,1450,1471]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF62FA3FFE92DD88" box="[151,267,1450,1471]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
: Holarctic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344368FF98FF62FA5DFC20D9DA" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4368FF98FF62FA5DFC03D942" blockId="26.[151,758,1088,1863]" lastBlockId="26.[821,1427,172,493]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF62FA5DFE8FDDEA" box="[151,278,1480,1501]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">Identification</emphasis>
|
||||
: Among groups of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE08FA5DFDACDDEA" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[509,565,1480,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE08FA5DFDACDDEA" box="[509,565,1480,1501]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade, most similar to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FED6FA73FE16DDCC" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[291,399,1510,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carniolicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FED6FA73FE16DDCC" box="[291,399,1510,1531]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">carniolicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE6FFA73FE4BDDCC" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[410,466,1510,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE6FFA73FE4BDDCC" box="[410,466,1510,1531]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FDF1FA73FDFEDDCC" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1906" box="[516,615,1510,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FDF1FA73FDFEDDCC" box="[516,615,1510,1531]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in having relatively small eyes (vs
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE88F990FE47DE2D" baseAuthorityName="Provancher" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[381,478,1541,1562]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallitarsis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE88F990FE47DE2D" box="[381,478,1541,1562]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">pallitarsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), stocky mesosomata (vs
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FD3AF990FF45DE0F" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FD3AF990FF45DE0F" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">atopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), and unreduced palpomere count (vs
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FDACF9B6FD3EDE0F" baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[601,679,1571,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claviger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FDACF9B6FD3EDE0F" box="[601,679,1571,1592]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">claviger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group). Among these groups, identifiable by the following combination of traits: clypeus broad relative to head width (vs narrow,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FF18F9E8FEC0DEA5" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[237,345,1661,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carniolicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF18F9E8FEC0DEA5" box="[237,345,1661,1682]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">carniolicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group); eyes larger, with
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FDADF9E8FDF1DEA4" box="[600,616,1661,1683]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">></emphasis>
|
||||
35 ommatidia, and underside of head with distinct, standing setae (vs with
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF4EF92CFF52DEF8" box="[187,203,1721,1743]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139"><</emphasis>
|
||||
35 ommatidia except
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE6AF92CFDB7DEF9" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1903" box="[415,558,1721,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienoflavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE6AF92CFDB7DEF9" box="[415,558,1721,1742]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">L. alienoflavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FD95F92CFD34DEF9" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[608,685,1721,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FD95F92CFD34DEF9" box="[608,685,1721,1742]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">Lflavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
which, along with most other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE6DF942FE49DEDB" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[408,464,1751,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE6DF942FE49DEDB" box="[408,464,1751,1772]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FDF4F942FDFDDEDB" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1906" box="[513,612,1751,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FDF4F942FDFDDEDB" box="[513,612,1751,1772]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group species, lack distinct standing setae on head underside). No comprehensive key is available for the global fauna of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FD5AF881FF4EDF70" authorityName="Nylander" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FD5AF881FF4EDF70" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">umbratus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group; the Nearctic species are keyed in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4368FF98FD9FF8A7FD6CDF70" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[618,757,1842,1863]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
where
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FC6FFF39FB83D8F6" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[922,1050,172,193]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aphidicola">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FC6FFF39FB83D8F6" box="[922,1050,172,193]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">L. aphidicola</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is referred to as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FB4BFF39FAABD8F6" authorityName="Nylander" box="[1214,1330,172,193]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FB4BFF39FAABD8F6" box="[1214,1330,172,193]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">L. umbratus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and with the addition of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FC1DFF5FFBF3D8E8" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1956" box="[1000,1130,202,223]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FC1DFF5FFBF3D8E8" box="[1000,1130,202,223]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">L. nevadensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4368FF98FB79FF5FFA99D8E8" author="Cole, A. C. Jr" box="[1164,1280,202,223]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" pagination="26 - 27" part="31" refId="ref32668" refString="Cole, A. C. Jr (1956) Studies of Nevada ants. II. A new species of Lasius (Chthonolasius) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, 31, 26 - 27." title="Studies of Nevada ants. II. A new species of Lasius (Chthonolasius) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1956">Cole (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4368FF98FAFFFF5FFA0AD8E8" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[1290,1427,202,223]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
also includes a key to some Palaearctic species, which are also partially covered by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4368FF98FBB8FE93FA8AD92C" author="Collingwood, C. A." box="[1101,1299,262,283]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" pagination="283 - 296" part="7" refId="ref32754" refString="Collingwood, C. A. (1982) Himalayan ants of the genus Lasius (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 7, 283 - 296." title="Himalayan ants of the genus Lasius (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1982">Collingwood (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4368FF98FAEBFE93FA0AD92C" author="Boer, P." box="[1310,1427,262,283]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" pagination="321 - 323" part="77" refId="ref31314" refString="Boer, P. (2003) First description of the worker caste of Lasius viehmeyeri Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, 77, 321 - 323." title="First description of the worker caste of Lasius viehmeyeri Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2003">Boer (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4368FF98FC74FEB1FB98D90E" author="Seifert, B." box="[897,1025,292,313]" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" pagination="143 - 180" part="51" refId="ref37956" refString="Seifert, B. (1988) A revision of the European species of the ant subgenus Chthonolasius (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 51, 143 - 180." title="A revision of the European species of the ant subgenus Chthonolasius (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1988">Seifert (1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4368FF98FBFEFEB1FBA4D90E" author="Seifert, B." box="[1035,1085,292,313]" journalOrPublisher="Doriana, Supplemento agli Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale " G. Doria ". GEN" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 13" part="6" refId="ref37997" refString="Seifert, B. (1990) Supplementation to the revision of European species of the ant subgenus Chthonolasius Ruzsky, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Doriana, Supplemento agli Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale " G. Doria ". GEN, 6, 1 - 13." title="Supplementation to the revision of European species of the ant subgenus Chthonolasius Ruzsky, 1913 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4368FF98FBB2FEB1FBE0D90E" author="Seifert, B." box="[1095,1145,292,313]" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" pagination="201 - 205" part="46" refId="ref38146" refString="Seifert, B. (1997) Lasius nitidigaster n. sp. - a new ant of the subgenus Chthonolasius Ruzsky (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annales Zoologici, 46, 201 - 205." title="Lasius nitidigaster n. sp. - a new ant of the subgenus Chthonolasius Ruzsky (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4368FF98FB77FEB1FB2FD90E" author="Seifert, B." bookContentInfo="408" box="[1154,1206,292,313]" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" refId="ref38183" refString="Seifert, B. (2018) The Ants of Central and North Europe, p. 408. Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer." title="The Ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Focused work on this species group, particularly a global key or revision, is necessary.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4368FF98FCC0FEEBFC20D9DA" blockId="26.[821,1427,172,493]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FCC0FEEBFCFBD9A4" box="[821,866,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">Note</emphasis>
|
||||
: This group corresponds to the prior subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FAD3FEEBFCE7D986" authorityName="Ruzsky" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chthonolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FAD3FEEBFCE7D986" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">Chthonolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with the exclusion of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FBA8FE09FB2ED986" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[1117,1207,412,433]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FBA8FE09FB2ED986" box="[1117,1207,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">L. atopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. One of our molecular terminals of this group is an undescribed species near
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FAA7FE2FFC2AD9DA" authorityName="Viereck" authorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subumbratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FAA7FE2FFC2AD9DA" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">L. subumbratus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
143
data/03/B9/87/03B987A94368FF98FF5FFD36FEA1DC15.xml
Normal file
143
data/03/B9/87/03B987A94368FF98FF5FFD36FEA1DC15.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
|
|||
<document id="3679E5E728BA32BA493A2A2669D6A31F" ID-CLB-Dataset="20773" ID-DOI="10.1111/syen.12522" ID-GBIF-Dataset="564eaad8-6245-4f42-9a88-42b97bf30807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5975346" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1644003985773" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Boudinot, Brendon E., Borowiec, Marek L. & Prebus, Matthew M." docDate="2022" docId="03B987A94368FF98FF5FFD36FEA1DC15" docLanguage="en" docName="systEnt.47.113-151.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Systematic Entomology 47" docTitle="Lasius pallitarsis Boudinot, Borowiec & Prebus, 2022, s. str." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="139" masterDocId="FF80FFD14372FF82FFF5FF95FF99D837" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="151" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="139" updateTime="1730916979833" updateUser="juliana">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="61C548E33850F4A5AEEB9A03BF0EAEE0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo id="B59208074B908EDC5EEB703247F257BE">
|
||||
<mods:title id="1B5191C43CFC2D32A391843461A195B5">Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name id="44826C0AB6C069478B2D6BF19A2B4374" type="personal">
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="3F12D3339D4C7910D0E6481A2CF529F2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="B593E8A19F741EDD2E6EC0027D3C7394">Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="8B50F688332C30835E1D503F988DD863">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="FB36197C796BF8D11D22580383D9F550" type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role id="57D46FECF7C2507079C460A3B7EA5E3A">
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="9CA0C9ACF895C89D373ED55DA8A4516D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="1C985B0CBD8D296ABA693726ED225F3E">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="C3C947BACA9DE06A8AED4C76221F473A">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="CF7B4B1E481FF00086C712429C6133C1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7D6872789960C8E5213B4B19865BCC10">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="2AB6A4EB54DD53F716DDC0BB0244B048">Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="B91E18F74707720BBF25D7A0EB498C12">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="199079E312D49CCCC6E779EB38DACEBC" type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
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<mods:titleInfo id="FA4E84BC3465D489C134E11A79E92C19">
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<mods:title id="74DC38110A981640C2807D77826DAB4F">Systematic Entomology</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:part id="EA87C2ABABE7336C9BC0E277C79A458A">
|
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<mods:date id="372A912371DD53E29C152662FE0EFA5F">2022</mods:date>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:number id="CB4915A61F7312277D4FB9B54CB91FB0">2022-01-10</mods:number>
|
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<treatment id="03B987A94368FF98FF5FFD36FEA1DC15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A94368FF98FF5FFD36FEA1DC15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A94368FF98FF5FFD36FEA1DC15" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
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<subSubSection id="C30A65344368FF98FF5FFD36FD6CDA8E" box="[170,757,675,697]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4368FF98FF5FFD36FD6CDA8E" blockId="26.[151,758,675,1058]" box="[170,757,675,697]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF5FFD36FD6CDA8E" bold="true" box="[170,757,675,697]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
6. Species group of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE88FD36FE47DA8F" ID-CoL="3SGY7" baseAuthorityName="Provancher" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[381,478,675,696]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallitarsis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE88FD36FE47DA8F" bold="true" box="[381,478,675,696]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">pallitarsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FDFEFD36FDD5DA8F" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[523,588,675,696]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FDFEFD36FDD5DA8F" bold="true" box="[523,588,675,696]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64368FF98FDA3FD36FD17DA8E" box="[598,654,675,697]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Part 3/3)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344368FF98FF62FD57FE93DAE0" box="[151,266,706,727]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4368FF98FF62FD57FE93DAE0" blockId="26.[151,758,675,1058]" box="[151,266,706,727]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4368FF98FF6BFD57FF7DDAE0" box="[158,228,706,727]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,184,1627,1647]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,226,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-8@18.[156,1423,225,1597]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the extant species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in full-face view; scale bars = 0.5 mm. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (MNHNB25217); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975370/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">Figs 8I</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A4368FF98FF1BFD57FE9ADAE0" box="[238,259,706,727]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">9I</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344368FF98FF62FD75FD9EDAC2" box="[151,519,736,757]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" type="taxon_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4368FF98FF62FD75FD9EDAC2" blockId="26.[151,758,675,1058]" box="[151,519,736,757]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
Constituent species (1):
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE8AFD75FE79DAC2" baseAuthorityName="Provancher" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[383,480,736,757]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallitarsis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE8AFD75FE79DAC2" bold="true" box="[383,480,736,757]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">pallitarsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344368FF98FF62FD6BFEE8DB24" box="[151,369,766,787]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4368FF98FF62FD6BFEE8DB24" blockId="26.[151,758,675,1058]" box="[151,369,766,787]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF62FD6BFE92DB24" box="[151,267,766,787]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
: Nearctic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344368FF98FF62FC89FEA1DC15" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4368FF98FF62FC89FDAADB9D" blockId="26.[151,758,675,1058]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF62FC89FE8FDB06" box="[151,278,796,817]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">Identification</emphasis>
|
||||
: Among groups of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FDF7FC89FDA3DB06" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[514,570,796,817]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FDF7FC89FDA3DB06" box="[514,570,796,817]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade, workers are unique in having relatively large eyes (length ≥ 0.2 × head width). Offset basal mandibular tooth present (also
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FD52FCCCFD6CDB59" baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[679,757,857,878]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claviger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FD52FCCCFD6CDB59" box="[679,757,857,878]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">claviger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FF1CFCE2FECCDBBB" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[233,341,887,908]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carniolicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF1CFCE2FECCDBBB" box="[233,341,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">carniolicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
groups among
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE02FCE2FDB6DBBB" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[503,559,887,908]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE02FCE2FDB6DBBB" box="[503,559,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade). Scapes and mesosoma not elongate as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE21FC00FDB4DB9D" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[468,557,917,938]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE21FC00FDB4DB9D" box="[468,557,917,938]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">L. atopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4368FF98FF62FC26FEA1DC15" blockId="26.[151,758,675,1058]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF62FC26FF5DDBFF" box="[151,196,947,968]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">Note</emphasis>
|
||||
: This species was classified in the former subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FF4EFC44FF60DBD1" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[187,249,977,998]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF4EFC44FF60DBD1" box="[187,249,977,998]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64368FF98FEF7FC44FEAFDBD1" box="[258,310,977,998]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
and has previously been recovered elsewhere in the phylogeny by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4368FF98FE61FC7AFDCCDC33" author="Janda, M. & Folkova, D. & Zrzavy, J." box="[404,597,1007,1028]" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" pagination="595 - 614" part="33" refId="ref34597" refString="Janda, M., Folkova, D. & Zrzavy, J. (2004) Phylogeny of Lasius ants based on mitochondrial DNA and morphology, and the evolution of social parasitism in the Lasiini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 33, 595 - 614." title="Phylogeny of Lasius ants based on mitochondrial DNA and morphology, and the evolution of social parasitism in the Lasiini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||||
Janda
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE20FC7AFD92DC33" box="[469,523,1007,1028]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2004)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4368FF98FD7BFC7AFEADDC15" author="Maruyama, M. & Steiner, F. M. & Stauffer, C. & Akino, T. & Crozier, R. H. & Schlick-Steiner, B. C." journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 15" part="8" refId="ref35850" refString="Maruyama, M., Steiner, F. M., Stauffer, C., Akino, T., Crozier, R. H. & Schlick-Steiner, B. C. (2008) A DNA and morphology based phylogenetic framework of the ant genus Lasius with hypotheses for the evolution of social parasitism and fungiculture. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 8, 1 - 15. Article 237. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 8 - 237." title="A DNA and morphology based phylogenetic framework of the ant genus Lasius with hypotheses for the evolution of social parasitism and fungiculture" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||||
Maruyama
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF4EFB98FF75DC15" box="[187,236,1037,1058]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">etal.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2008)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,301 +1,303 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="4DEF3A7639B89FAB0E3B425C7F73A2C2">Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:role>
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</mods:role>
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||||
<mods:namePart>Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="72356A288E9DC9A5D2BF8E337C88DB61">Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="C04109BBCEA567E560D3F8F427AD5B92">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:role id="7A145F5EDE114A75AA0A8D8BF66B3A7E">
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="6398C2D54AD8A7A30FA9366F9D097237">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="7B9DA75AFFCD0B32EF28012E9050B88B">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:role id="98A98ACAEC13898DD86060E096EE12CF">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CBA3452D30807DDCF844AA28DFDD4D65">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:namePart>Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="A019CAD1F7F15411B98238436AF20193">Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="6CF272821BEDD4CABB6D970C762C804A">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="17C396164262725CC8BD518042C6375D" type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
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|
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Systematic Entomology</mods:title>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="23CCEFBE024340708042467F8B7617BA">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
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<mods:titleInfo id="020E0EC6E1F6BF2ABEF73FA7027C6C1F">
|
||||
<mods:title id="5EE670C99425C38B0780EB65F9884348">Systematic Entomology</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number>2022-01-10</mods:number>
|
||||
<mods:part id="8ED498C6A4BE58F547B39CC4295A1A19">
|
||||
<mods:date id="A45CF30830DE63C787E7017C0CEB096E">2022</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="4A9E37E8BB04C9342AE523C4570D06E4" type="pubDate">
|
||||
<mods:number id="228F98DCFC10973A810F48BCFA52E4B1">2022-01-10</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>47</mods:number>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="C4970564A71156DFA0FCF47430FA866F" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="013DB8902D667BDCCA6373BB999D06A9">47</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>113</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>151</mods:end>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="D202F8DFF101602B9287593AA178782A" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="C98F95A17AF3DD131B72D092E19B8568">113</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="B8CC362A3C785EA9A1B58770C8636F83">151</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1111/syen.12522</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">564eaad8-6245-4f42-9a88-42b97bf30807</mods:identifier>
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||||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5975346</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="AC9B007F192841E7BE8031DEE4F5D5B3">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="5E3B7645791C68CED6395C446EAB3D1F" type="CLB-Dataset">20773</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="AE8CA81FEA0E332C4DFC52CD2EA68873" type="DOI">10.1111/syen.12522</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="27673A6634CA9E9FFDDEA34666F58054" type="Zenodo-Dep">5975346</mods:identifier>
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|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303232" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278223" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303232" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A94369FF9EFF46FB31FEB6DB21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A94369FF9EFF46FB31FEB6DB21" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<subSubSection box="[179,447,1188,1210]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" box="[179,447,1188,1210]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<heading bold="true" box="[179,447,1188,1210]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" reason="6">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[179,447,1188,1210]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<treatment id="03B987A94369FF9EFF46FB31FEB6DB21" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303232" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278223" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303232" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AC5A1489-C805-4035-A1C0-3DDBC6E1206D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A94369FF9EFF46FB31FEB6DB21" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344369FF99FF46FB31FE26DC8D" box="[179,447,1188,1210]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF46FB31FE26DC8D" blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" box="[179,447,1188,1210]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<heading id="D0E781D34369FF99FF46FB31FE26DC8D" bold="true" box="[179,447,1188,1210]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" reason="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FF46FB31FE26DC8D" bold="true" box="[179,447,1188,1210]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus, 2022" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[250,358,1188,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[250,358,1188,1209]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FF0FFB31FEFFDC8E" authority="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus, 2022" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[250,358,1188,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FF0FFB31FEFFDC8E" bold="true" box="[250,358,1188,1209]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[364,447,1188,1210]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" rank="genus">gen.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64369FF99FE99FB31FE26DC8D" box="[364,447,1188,1210]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" rank="genus">gen.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[179,330,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">ZooBank LSID</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344369FF99FF46FB57FE52DCC2" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF46FB57FE52DCC2" blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FF46FB57FED3DCE0" box="[179,330,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">ZooBank LSID</emphasis>
|
||||
. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AC5A1489-C805- 4035-A1C0-3DDBC6E1206D.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[179,304,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Type species.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Mei, 1998: 177" authorityName="Mei" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="1998" box="[307,620,1278,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[307,471,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Lasius myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mei, M." box="[475,620,1278,1299]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei, 1998: 177</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344369FF99FF46FB6BFEF5DD06" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF46FB6BFEF5DD06" blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FF46FB6BFEA9DD24" box="[179,304,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Type species.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FEC6FB6BFDF5DD24" authority="Mei, 1998: 177" authorityName="Mei" authorityPageNumber="177" authorityYear="1998" box="[307,620,1278,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FEC6FB6BFE4EDD24" box="[307,471,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Lasius myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4369FF99FE2EFB6BFDF5DD24" author="Mei, M." box="[475,620,1278,1299]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei, 1998: 177</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, figs 1–11 (w.). Original designation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[179,348,1338,1359]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Species included.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="(Mei, 1998)" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[354,606,1337,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon" status="comb.nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[354,484,1338,1359]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">M. myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344369FF99FF46FAAFFE44DD5A" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF46FAAFFE44DD5A" blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FF46FAAFFEC5DD78" box="[179,348,1338,1359]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Species included.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FE97FAAFFDC7DD79" authority="(Mei, 1998)" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[354,606,1337,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon" status="comb. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FE97FAAFFE7DDD78" box="[354,484,1338,1359]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">M. myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mei, M." box="[498,600,1337,1358]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4369FF99FE07FAACFDC1DD79" author="Mei, M." box="[498,600,1337,1358]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[613,715,1337,1359]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[613,715,1337,1359]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" rank="species">comb.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FD90FAACFD52DD78" bold="true" box="[613,715,1337,1359]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64369FF99FD90FAACFD52DD78" box="[613,715,1337,1359]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" rank="species">comb.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="(Mayr, 1868)" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus" status="comb.nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FD10FAAFFEE8DD5B" authority="(Mayr, 1868)" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FD10FAAFFF74DD5B" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayr, G." box="[249,362,1367,1388]" journalOrPublisher="Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" pagination="1 - 102" part="1" refId="ref36049" refString="Mayr, G. (1868) Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens, 1, 1 - 102." title="Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins" type="journal article" year="1868">Mayr, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4369FF99FF0CFAC2FEF3DD5B" author="Mayr, G." box="[249,362,1367,1388]" journalOrPublisher="Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" pagination="1 - 102" part="1" refId="ref36049" refString="Mayr, G. (1868) Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens, 1, 1 - 102." title="Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins" type="journal article" year="1868">Mayr, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[375,477,1367,1389]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[375,477,1367,1389]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" rank="species">comb.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FE82FAC2FE44DD5A" bold="true" box="[375,477,1367,1389]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D64369FF99FE82FAC2FE44DD5A" box="[375,477,1367,1389]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" rank="species">comb.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" box="[179,477,1397,1418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[179,471,1397,1418]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Total clade definition (worker)</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344369FF99FF46FAE0FADDDB9C" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF46FAE0FE44DDBD" blockId="27.[161,768,1188,1418]" box="[179,477,1397,1418]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FF46FAE0FE4EDDBD" box="[179,471,1397,1418]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Total clade definition (worker)</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,459,1455,1476]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF5BFA3AFE52DDF3" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,459,1455,1476]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
1. With characters of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[386,456,1455,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FE77FA3AFE51DDF3" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[386,456,1455,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,450,1484,1505]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">2. Mandible with 6–8 teeth.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,370,1514,1535]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">3. Palp formula 6,4.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">4. Basal and masticatory mandibular margins meeting at a weakly oblique angle.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">5. Clypeus modified for reception of labrum (specifically, clypeus with anterolateral notches; Note 1).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF5BFA59FE5BDDD6" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,450,1484,1505]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">2. Mandible with 6–8 teeth.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF5BFA7FFEEBDDC8" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,370,1514,1535]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">3. Palp formula 6,4.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF5BF99DFE39DE0C" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">4. Basal and masticatory mandibular margins meeting at a weakly oblique angle.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF5BF9D1FDF4DE41" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">5. Clypeus modified for reception of labrum (specifically, clypeus with anterolateral notches; Note 1).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF5BF9EAFE08DE85" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
6. Frontalcarinae conspicuous,
|
||||
<emphasis box="[486,502,1663,1685]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">></emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FE13F9EAFE6FDEA2" box="[486,502,1663,1685]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">></emphasis>
|
||||
0.5 × anteroposteriorantennal torulus diameter.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">7. Frontal region of head, between antennal toruli strongly bulging, frontalcarinae raised above toruli (Note 2).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,400,1782,1803]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">8. Antenna 12-merous.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,658,1812,1833]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF5BF92EFD26DEDA" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">7. Frontal region of head, between antennal toruli strongly bulging, frontalcarinae raised above toruli (Note 2).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF5BF963FE09DF3C" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,400,1782,1803]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">8. Antenna 12-merous.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF5BF881FD0BDF1E" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[174,658,1812,1833]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
9.
|
||||
<emphasis box="[204,566,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Third antennomere broader than long</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FF39F881FDAFDF1E" box="[204,566,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Third antennomere broader than long</emphasis>
|
||||
(Note 3).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[162,634,1842,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">10. Compound eyes set at about head midlength.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" box="[832,1006,172,193]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">11. Ocelli absent.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FF57F8A7FDE3DF70" blockId="27.[162,767,1455,1863]" box="[162,634,1842,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">10. Compound eyes set at about head midlength.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FF39FC77D8F6" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" box="[832,1006,172,193]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">11. Ocelli absent.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FF5FFB9ED92C" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
12.
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Dorsum of head completely without standing setae or with only a few small setae around each posterolateral head corner</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FC9CFF5FFC30D92C" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Dorsum of head completely without standing setae or with only a few small setae around each posterolateral head corner</emphasis>
|
||||
(Note 4).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">13. Mesonotum, metanotum and/or propodeum discontinuous, metanotum undifferentiated medially.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">14. Mesopleural anterodorsal margin, near posterolateral region of pronotum, inconspicuously bulging, this weak shoulder a very narrow groove which traverses the mesosternum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">15. Metapleural gland very small, orifice directed almost completely posteriorly (Note 5).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" box="[832,1400,530,551]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">16. Propodeal spiracle situated in lower 2/3 of propodeum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">17. Legs entirely or almost entirely devoid of standing setae.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">18. Petiole with raised squamiform node, without posterior elongation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">19. Abdominal tergum III vertical, without deep groove for receiving petiole; not concealing petiole when gaster raised (Note 6).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">20. Tergosternal suture of abdominal segment III not raised dorsally before unfusing near spiracle, rather anterior margin of abdominal sternum III directed anteriorly away from helcium before narrowly curving posteriorly (Note 6).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" box="[832,1348,918,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">21. Pubescence of abdominal terga VI and VII linear.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FEB6FB4BD961" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">13. Mesonotum, metanotum and/or propodeum discontinuous, metanotum undifferentiated medially.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FECAFB8AD9F9" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">14. Mesopleural anterodorsal margin, near posterolateral region of pronotum, inconspicuously bulging, this weak shoulder a very narrow groove which traverses the mesosternum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FE43FBECDA3E" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">15. Metapleural gland very small, orifice directed almost completely posteriorly (Note 5).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FD87FAE1DA10" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" box="[832,1400,530,551]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">16. Propodeal spiracle situated in lower 2/3 of propodeum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FDA5FC39DA54" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">17. Legs entirely or almost entirely devoid of standing setae.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FDF9FC4CDAA9" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">18. Petiole with raised squamiform node, without posterior elongation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FD32FC59DACF" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">19. Abdominal tergum III vertical, without deep groove for receiving petiole; not concealing petiole when gaster raised (Note 6).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FC94FC59DBBA" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">20. Tergosternal suture of abdominal segment III not raised dorsally before unfusing near spiracle, rather anterior margin of abdominal sternum III directed anteriorly away from helcium before narrowly curving posteriorly (Note 6).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCB5FC03FADDDB9C" blockId="27.[832,1437,172,939]" box="[832,1348,918,939]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">21. Pubescence of abdominal terga VI and VII linear.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" box="[830,1029,976,998]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<heading bold="true" box="[830,1029,976,998]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" reason="6">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[830,1022,976,998]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Notes on definition</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344369FF9EFCCBFC45FEB6DB21" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCCBFC45FB9CDBD1" blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" box="[830,1029,976,998]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<heading id="D0E781D34369FF99FCCBFC45FB9CDBD1" bold="true" box="[830,1029,976,998]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" reason="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FCCBFC45FC67DBD1" bold="true" box="[830,1022,976,998]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Notes on definition</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[830,898,1007,1028]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCCBFC7AFA04DDB0" blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FCCBFC7AFC1BDC33" box="[830,898,1007,1028]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Modification of the anterior clypeal margin for reception of the labrum is here interpreted as a synapomorphy of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FA9AFB98FC3FDC08" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FA9AFB98FC3FDC08" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
plus the core
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[1066,1169,1066,1087]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1066,1169,1066,1087]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FBDFFBBFFB08DC08" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[1066,1169,1066,1087]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FBDFFBBFFB08DC08" box="[1066,1169,1066,1087]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group. The modification is most easily observed in anterior or anterodorsal view. In most
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" box="[949,1060,1126,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicinae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FC40FBF3FBBDDC4C" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" box="[949,1060,1126,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the perceived anterior clypeal margin with the head in full-face view is usually a carina which runs across the clypeus from the lateral clypeal margins.This carina may be raised or otherwise modified; regardless, the carina itself or the anterior region of the clypeus is produced anteriorly, concealing the clypeolabral articulation. In the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[866,969,1305,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[866,969,1305,1326]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FC97FA8CFC50DD19" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[866,969,1305,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FC97FA8CFC50DD19" box="[866,969,1305,1326]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[1021,1126,1305,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1021,1126,1305,1326]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FC08FA8CFBFFDD19" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[1021,1126,1305,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FC08FA8CFBFFDD19" box="[1021,1126,1305,1326]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus groups, the clypeolabral articulation is usually exposed or nearly exposed laterally by notches in the anterior clypeal carina, although it may be exposed medially where the anterior clypeal carina is absent.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" box="[830,1278,1424,1445]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[830,900,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCCBFA05FB67DD92" blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" box="[830,1278,1424,1445]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FCCBFA05FC1DDD92" box="[830,900,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
See Note 1 for the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[1085,1147,1424,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1085,1147,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FBC8FA05FBE2DD92" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[1085,1147,1424,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FBC8FA05FBE2DD92" box="[1085,1147,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[830,902,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCCBFA3BFABFDE85" blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FCCBFA3BFC1FDDF4" box="[830,902,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
Surprisingly, this distinguishes members of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FA96FA3BFC03DDD6" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FA96FA3BFC03DDD6" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group from most formicine genera, with the exception of some
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[1054,1197,1514,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmelachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1054,1197,1514,1535]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Myrmelachista</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FBEBFA7FFB34DDC8" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" box="[1054,1197,1514,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmelachista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FBEBFA7FFB34DDC8" box="[1054,1197,1514,1535]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Myrmelachista</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, various plagiolepidines and the
|
||||
<emphasis box="[949,1143,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[949,1077,1544,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">Lasius flavus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FC40F99DFBEEDE2A" box="[949,1143,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FC40F99DFBACDE2A" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[949,1077,1544,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">Lasius flavus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[1158,1362,1543,1565]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1158,1283,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Cladomyrma</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FB73F99DFACBDE2B" box="[1158,1362,1543,1565]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FB73F99DFA9ADE2A" box="[1158,1283,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Cladomyrma</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have a cone-shaped third antennomere, which is usually longer than the diameter of its base (and often apex), except in
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Agosti et al." authorityName="Agosti et al." class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cladomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianeae">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">C. dianeae</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FA73F9D6FBB2DE41" authority="Agosti et al." authorityName="Agosti et al." class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cladomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dianeae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FA73F9D6FC37DE41" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">C. dianeae</emphasis>
|
||||
Agosti
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1018,1067,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FC0FF9F4FBB2DE41" box="[1018,1067,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
for which the length and basal diameter are subequal. Some
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" box="[1093,1219,1663,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1093,1219,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Pseudolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FBB0F9EAFB5ADEA3" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" box="[1093,1219,1663,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FBB0F9EAFB5ADEA3" box="[1093,1219,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Pseudolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1267,1436,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Paraparatrechina</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FB06F9EAFA05DEA3" box="[1267,1436,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Paraparatrechina</emphasis>
|
||||
approach having subequal diameter and length.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[830,902,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mei, M." box="[909,1021,1722,1743]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCCBF92EFC75DF3C" blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FCCBF92EFC1FDEE7" box="[830,902,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4369FF99FC78F92FFC64DEF8" author="Mei, M." box="[909,1021,1722,1743]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, in his diagnosis of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1220,1430,1723,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1220,1430,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FB31F92EFA0FDEE7" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1220,1430,1723,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FB31F92EFA0FDEE7" box="[1220,1430,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, indicated that these standing setae were absent except for one specimen.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[830,907,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4369FF99FCCBF881FA04DF70" blockId="27.[830,1437,976,1863]" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FCCBF881FC12DF1E" box="[830,907,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Note 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
This state may be a synapomorphy for the clade consisting of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[1000,1105,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1000,1105,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FC1DF8A7FBC8DF70" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[1000,1105,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FC1DF8A7FBC8DF70" box="[1000,1105,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
plus the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[1199,1302,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1199,1302,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4369FF99FB5AF8A7FA8FDF70" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[1199,1302,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4369FF99FB5AF8A7FA8FDF70" box="[1199,1302,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="140">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,758,173,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF4EFF38FDE3D8CA" blockId="28.[151,758,173,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
It was not possible to evaluate this with confidence for †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFD2EFF38FE9ED8D7" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFD2EFF38FE9ED8D7" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but from the dorsal view of specimen SMFBE1226 on AntWeb, the gland does appear to be small.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,758,173,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[151,220,262,283]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF62FE93FDBFD9F9" blockId="28.[151,758,173,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF62FE93FF45D92C" box="[151,220,262,283]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
These characters could not be evaluated with confidence for †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[233,341,292,313]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[233,341,292,313]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFF1CFEB1FECCD90E" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[233,341,292,313]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF1CFEB1FECCD90E" box="[233,341,292,313]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
with the available material or descriptions.
|
||||
<emphasis box="[170,272,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF5FFED7FE89D960" box="[170,272,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||||
. A combination of the Greek ‘meta-’ (with, across, after) and ‘lásios’ (hairy), in reference to the former placement of the type species. Homophonously forming ‘metal-Asius’, invoking the death of the Trojan leader Asius during the assault on the Archaean wall of Troy. Masculine.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,758,173,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[170,271,471,492]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Comments</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF5FFE42FEB6DB21" blockId="28.[151,758,173,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF5FFE42FE96D9DB" box="[170,271,471,492]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Comments</emphasis>
|
||||
. Although, we could not evaluate all of these characters for †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[297,403,501,522]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[297,403,501,522]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFEDCFE60FE0ADA3D" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[297,403,501,522]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFEDCFE60FE0ADA3D" box="[297,403,501,522]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, this species is consistently recovered as sister to
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[257,386,531,552]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[257,386,531,552]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFEF4FD86FE1BDA1F" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[257,386,531,552]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFEF4FD86FE1BDA1F" box="[257,386,531,552]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in combined analysis (
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[605,667,531,552]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,184,1709,1729]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Results from phylogenetic analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset analyzed with MrBayes using the fossilized birth-death branch length prior and the IGR clock variation prior. Fossil taxa are indicated by a dagger preceding the name. Node support values are in Bayesian posterior probability. Filled circles indicate full support. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975358/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436EFF9EFDA8FD86FD02DA1F" box="[605,667,531,552]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,184,1709,1729]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Results from phylogenetic analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset analyzed with MrBayes using the fossilized birth-death branch length prior and the IGR clock variation prior. Fossil taxa are indicated by a dagger preceding the name. Node support values are in Bayesian posterior probability. Filled circles indicate full support. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975358/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
, S
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[690,733,531,552]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">7–S</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation box="[733,746,531,552]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">9</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436EFF9EFD47FD86FD44DA1F" box="[690,733,531,552]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">7–S</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436EFF9EFD28FD86FD73DA1F" box="[733,746,531,552]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">9</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,256,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[151,256,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFF62FDA4FE99DA71" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,256,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF62FDA4FE99DA71" box="[151,256,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is most easily differentiated from both the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[656,718,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[656,718,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFD65FDA4FD57DA71" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[656,718,561,582]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFD65FDA4FD57DA71" box="[656,718,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,254,590,611]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[151,254,590,611]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFF62FDDBFF67DA54" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,254,590,611]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF62FDDBFF67DA54" box="[151,254,590,611]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus groups by the combination of mid-set eyes, the posteriorly directed and reduced metapleural gland orifice, raised frontal carinae and almost complete lack of standing setae on the head. In addition, both included species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[652,757,680,701]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[652,757,680,701]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFD79FD3DFD6CDA8A" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[652,757,680,701]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFD79FD3DFD6CDA8A" box="[652,757,680,701]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have broad third antennomeres and unusually small bodies relative to
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[262,324,740,761]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[262,324,740,761]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFEF3FD71FEDDDACE" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[262,324,740,761]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFEF3FD71FEDDDACE" box="[262,324,740,761]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, being
|
||||
<emphasis box="[406,422,739,761]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141"><</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFE63FD76FE3FDACE" box="[406,422,739,761]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141"><</emphasis>
|
||||
2 mm in total length (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mei, M." box="[646,754,739,760]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436EFF9EFD73FD76FD6BDACF" author="Mei, M." box="[646,754,739,760]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[151,292,769,790]" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="209 - 222" part="45" refId="ref33108" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (2011) The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers. Vestnik Zoologii, 45, 209 - 222." title="The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers" type="journal article" year="2011">Dlussky, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436EFF9EFF62FC94FEBDDB21" author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[151,292,769,790]" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="209 - 222" part="45" refId="ref33108" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (2011) The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers. Vestnik Zoologii, 45, 209 - 222." title="The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers" type="journal article" year="2011">Dlussky, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
147
data/03/B9/87/03B987A9436AFF9AFCBDFF72FC6ADAA9.xml
Normal file
147
data/03/B9/87/03B987A9436AFF9AFCBDFF72FC6ADAA9.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
|
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<mods:titleInfo id="20A58767B410D6C841E30378D77614E7">
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<mods:title id="0221ABFCD3A68A1C4717E5AFD6890581">Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="C00135DC3986D016E0999821B448D180" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="2CFC6A560EF733A692AC7B949550D445">Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="0ADD579C794B928600FE42168DCD2F33">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="C47AC01F883F9693B095C27377FF268C">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="DC04C0FC77EFDF888B1C7B590699BFC5">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="308669147A7AF7F4F8EEABC1E91D34C9">Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="64882F3B6A88B8894C13DF601010ABED">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5EA417939EAF4646521BE709466D52CF" type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="E76FDF6A0EDAD1F867FECA3E202E04D7">Systematic Entomology</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:part id="EFAE55A9860311A443F1E544F74E2A88">
|
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<mods:date id="5ED1333C11097C73FBA94DF2D404D634">2022</mods:date>
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|
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<mods:number id="B6CE38728F3672E8CD6FC3647252124B">2022-01-10</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
|
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<mods:detail id="4A1B3E553FAB02FAF167626F0559B27D" type="volume">
|
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<mods:number id="A2883F5F16B957200159771BF71E7766">47</mods:number>
|
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|
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||||
<mods:classification id="4026C091654CC970A7ADFC27FB939A80">journal article</mods:classification>
|
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<mods:identifier id="71049EDD8248A15EEB69C97C2B03867C" type="CLB-Dataset">20773</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F2F46DC71079FA31A75F63AF34A5EDD2" type="DOI">10.1111/syen.12522</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C20F2B2E048724017D77757573007921" type="GBIF-Dataset">564eaad8-6245-4f42-9a88-42b97bf30807</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="261D603BD432E8DDFB3460847073762C" type="Zenodo-Dep">5975346</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C765807061928B520519F2711306EE7A" type="ZooBank">016059BA-33C3-43B2-ADAD-6807DC5CB6D8</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="03B987A9436AFF9AFCBDFF72FC6ADAA9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A9436AFF9AFCBDFF72FC6ADAA9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A9436AFF9AFCBDFF72FC6ADAA9" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436AFF9AFCBDFF72FAABD8CA" box="[840,1330,231,254]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFCBDFF72FAABD8CA" blockId="24.[821,1428,172,1863]" box="[840,1330,231,254]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFCBDFF72FAABD8CA" bold="true" box="[840,1330,231,254]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
2. Species group of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFBE5FF7DFBE7D8CA" ID-CoL="3SGWX" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1040,1150,232,253]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFBE5FF7DFBE7D8CA" bold="true" box="[1040,1150,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">fuliginosus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFB53FF7DFAB3D8CA" authorityName="Ruzsky" authorityYear="1912" box="[1190,1322,232,253]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthomyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Dendrolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB53FF7DFAB3D8CA" bold="true" box="[1190,1322,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Dendrolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436AFF9AFACCFF7DFCC0D92C" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFACCFF7DFCC0D92C" blockId="24.[821,1428,172,1863]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436AFF9AFACAFF7DFA16D8CA" box="[1343,1423,232,253]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,184,1627,1647]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,226,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-8@18.[156,1423,225,1597]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the extant species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in full-face view; scale bars = 0.5 mm. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (MNHNB25217); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975370/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Figs 8B</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436AFF9AFCC0FE93FCC8D92C" box="[821,849,262,283]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">9B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436AFF9AFCC0FEB6FBF6D9A5" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" type="taxon_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFCC0FEB6FBF6D9A5" blockId="24.[821,1428,172,1863]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
Constituent species (8):
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFBBFFEB1FB62D90F" authority="Starcke" authorityName="Starcke" box="[1098,1275,291,313]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buccatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFBBFFEB1FB07D90E" box="[1098,1182,292,313]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">buccatus</emphasis>
|
||||
Stärcke
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFACEFEB1FBA8D961" authority="(Kuznetsov-Ugamsky)" baseAuthorityName="Kuznetsov-Ugamsky" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFACEFEB1FA0AD90E" box="[1339,1427,292,313]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">capitatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Kuznetsov-Ugamsky)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB94FED4FB18D961" box="[1121,1153,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">fuji</emphasis>
|
||||
Radchenko [],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFAEDFED4FA0BD961" bold="true" box="[1304,1426,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFAEDFED4FA10D961" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1304,1417,321,342]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">fuliginosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
*
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFC75FECAFBA5D943" authority="Yamauchi" authorityName="Yamauchi" authorityYear="1979" box="[896,1084,351,372]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morisitai">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFC75FECAFC4FD943" box="[896,982,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">morisitai</emphasis>
|
||||
Yamauchi
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFBAAFECAFB48D943" box="[1119,1233,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">nipponensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Forel [e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFAC2FECAFA0AD943" box="[1335,1427,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">orientalis</emphasis>
|
||||
Karavaiev [e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFC13FEE8FBD1D9A5" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1910" box="[998,1096,381,402]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spathepus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFC13FEE8FBD1D9A5" bold="true" box="[998,1096,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">spathepus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436AFF9AFCC0FE0EFBBFD987" box="[821,1062,411,432]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFCC0FE0EFBBFD987" blockId="24.[821,1428,172,1863]" box="[821,1062,411,432]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFCC0FE0EFC30D987" box="[821,937,411,432]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
: Palaearctic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436AFF9AFCC0FE2CFC6ADAA9" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFCC0FE2CFC6ADAA9" blockId="24.[821,1428,172,1863]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFCC0FE2CFC2DD9F9" box="[821,948,441,462]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Identification</emphasis>
|
||||
: Universally identifiable among
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFB0FFE2CFAA1D9F9" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[1274,1336,441,462]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB0FFE2CFAA1D9F9" box="[1274,1336,441,462]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
for their jet-black and shining (polished) cuticle, and their weakly to strongly cordate (posteriorly emarginate) heads; unique among the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFC3DFD87FC63DA10" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[968,1018,530,551]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFC3DFD87FC63DA10" box="[968,1018,530,551]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade in bearing an offset basal tooth on the mandible. Species-level identification of all
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFADFFDA5FA0ADA72" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1322,1427,560,581]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFADFFDA5FA0ADA72" box="[1322,1427,560,581]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">fuliginosus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species is presented in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436AFF9AFBC6FDDBFB6BDA54" author="Radchenko, A." box="[1075,1266,590,611]" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" pagination="83 - 94" part="55" refId="ref36950" refString="Radchenko, A. (2005 a) A review of the ants of the genus Lasius, 1804, subgenus Dendrolasius Ruzsky, 1912 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from East Palaearctic. Annales Zoologici, 55, 83 - 94." title="A review of the ants of the genus Lasius, 1804, subgenus Dendrolasius Ruzsky, 1912 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from East Palaearctic" type="journal article" year="2005">Radchenko (2005a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; note that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFAA1FDDBFC34DAB6" authorityName="Starcke" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buccatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFAA1FDDBFC34DAB6" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Lasius buccatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is known only from the queen and male castes (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436AFF9AFCAAFD1CFC71DAA9" author="Starcke, A." box="[863,1000,649,670]" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" pagination="xxiv - xxix" part="85" refId="ref38484" refString="Starcke, A. (1942) Drie nog onbeschreven Europeesche miervormen. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 85, xxiv - xxix." title="Drie nog onbeschreven Europeesche miervormen" type="journal article" year="1942">Stärcke, 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
223
data/03/B9/87/03B987A9436AFF9AFF5FFB85FC3CD8E8.xml
Normal file
223
data/03/B9/87/03B987A9436AFF9AFF5FFB85FC3CD8E8.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
|
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|
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<mods:titleInfo id="D7B41F24BA66088FBA1A96248ED4061B">
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<mods:title id="61C7B183637720C5C58D03C6A5F8F90A">Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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|
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<mods:namePart id="2590E5674A2B506FE69228DDD48FC423">Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="BF943A53A6741ED4939F792E54C3EE90">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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|
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<mods:namePart id="32D02813251C972C6A04C36A9F874621">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="CAB03FCEC420A1B5B0D8575AAC6AFC2B">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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|
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|
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<mods:namePart id="5767F6F7948FE7E33F3ACC7EF95CDC2B">Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="CA96CC71F37C104E62DBFB33985259FF">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8AFA8E7533B78243DB56306E1738522A" type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="A2E4A3163D119CF2174BE29F58E5BDE3">Systematic Entomology</mods:title>
|
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|
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<mods:part id="73A056A77192C9A30F1EE5A36C9E3359">
|
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<mods:date id="5158C1DB6A8123ACCE1EBE9BF2003674">2022</mods:date>
|
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|
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<mods:number id="D83F1171EACFAE0696B87E4A65DDCCF6">2022-01-10</mods:number>
|
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|
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|
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<mods:number id="0E99BCA422911C13A659C2534C4BF729">47</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="4E0E32EB030B6C70C3ADBA4033A599CA">journal article</mods:classification>
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|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="03B987A9436AFF9AFF5FFB85FC3CD8E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A9436AFF9AFF5FFB85FC3CD8E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A9436AFF9AFF5FFB85FC3CD8E8" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436AFF9AFF5FFB85FD0ADC11" box="[170,659,1040,1062]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFF5FFB85FD0ADC11" blockId="24.[151,758,1040,1863]" box="[170,659,1040,1062]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFF5FFB85FD0ADC11" bold="true" box="[170,659,1040,1062]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
1. Species group of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFE86FB85FE48DC12" ID-CoL="6P3BM" authority="(Latreille)" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[371,465,1040,1061]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFE86FB85FE48DC12" bold="true" box="[371,465,1040,1061]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFE15FB85FE76DC12" bold="true" box="[480,495,1040,1061]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">L</emphasis>
|
||||
. s. str. Part 1/3)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436AFF9AFD6FFB85FF24DC74" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFD6FFB85FF24DC74" blockId="24.[151,758,1040,1863]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436AFF9AFD54FB85FD68DC12" box="[673,753,1040,1061]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,184,1627,1647]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,226,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-8@18.[156,1423,225,1597]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the extant species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in full-face view; scale bars = 0.5 mm. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (MNHNB25217); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975370/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Figs 8A</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436AFF9AFF62FBBBFF2FDC74" box="[151,182,1070,1091]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">9A</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436AFF9AFF62FBD9FEAADCC2" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" type="taxon_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFF62FBD9FEAADCC2" blockId="24.[151,758,1040,1863]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
Constituent species (11):
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFE65FBD9FD17DC56" authority="Schlick-Steiner" authorityName="Schlick-Steiner" box="[400,654,1100,1121]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austriacus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFE65FBD9FE6DDC56" box="[400,500,1100,1121]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">austriacus</emphasis>
|
||||
Schlick-Steiner
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFD48FBD9FF73DC49" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFD48FBD9FF73DC49" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFEDCFBFFFE1EDC48" box="[297,391,1130,1151]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">excavatus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert [e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFDE1FBFFFD6FDC49" authority="Bingham" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1903" box="[532,758,1129,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="himalayanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFDE1FBFFFD17DC48" box="[532,654,1130,1151]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">himalayanus</emphasis>
|
||||
Bingham
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFF1DFB12FEDCDCAB" box="[232,325,1159,1180]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">israelicus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert [e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFE3DFB12FDEEDCAB" authority="(Emery)" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[456,631,1159,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lasioides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFE3DFB12FD84DCAB" box="[456,541,1159,1180]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">lasioides</emphasis>
|
||||
(Emery)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFD45FB12FF4EDC8D" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">neglectus</emphasis>
|
||||
Van Loon
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFEA5FB30FE1FDC8D" box="[336,390,1189,1210]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">etal.</emphasis>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFE49FB30FD80DC8D" box="[444,537,1189,1210]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">precursor</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert [e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFD6EFB30FD6CDC8D" box="[667,757,1189,1210]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">silvaticus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert [e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFEDBFB56FE36DCEF" box="[302,431,1219,1240]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">tapinomoides</emphasis>
|
||||
Salata & Borowiec [e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFD50FB57FE95DCC2" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFD50FB57FD6CDCE0" bold="true" box="[677,757,1218,1239]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">turcicus</emphasis>
|
||||
Santschi
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436AFF9AFF62FB6BFE11DD24" box="[151,392,1278,1299]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFF62FB6BFE11DD24" blockId="24.[151,758,1040,1863]" box="[151,392,1278,1299]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFF62FB6BFE92DD24" box="[151,267,1278,1299]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
: Palaearctic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436AFF9AFF62FA89FC3CD8E8" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFF62FA89FE38DE6E" blockId="24.[151,758,1040,1863]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFF62FA89FE8FDD06" box="[151,278,1308,1329]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Identification</emphasis>
|
||||
: Within the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFE64FA89FE5ADD06" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[401,451,1308,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFE64FA89FE5ADD06" box="[401,451,1308,1329]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade, workers of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFD69FA89FD6CDD06" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[668,757,1308,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFD69FA89FD6CDD06" box="[668,757,1308,1329]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group differ from the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFE7DFAACFE68DD79" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[392,497,1337,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFE7DFAACFE68DD79" box="[392,497,1337,1358]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">fuliginosus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group in coloration (brown vs jet black), cuticle surface texture (finely shagreened vs polished), and head shape (more-or-less oval vs cordate); otherwise, apparently without strong or consistent differentiating conditions relative to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFE1BFA25FDB9DDF2" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[494,544,1456,1477]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFE1BFA25FDB9DDF2" box="[494,544,1456,1477]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436AFF9AFD9EFA25FD72DDF2" author="Seifert, B." box="[619,747,1456,1477]" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" pagination="15 - 86" part="92" refId="ref38209" refString="Seifert, B. (2020) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Soil Organisms, 92, 15 - 86." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2020">Seifert, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Roughly differing from the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFE3DFA5BFE63DDD4" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[456,506,1486,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFE3DFA5BFE63DDD4" box="[456,506,1486,1507]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group in the combination of mandibles with ≤8 teeth on average within a colony plus scapes and outer (extensor) surface of the metatibia having
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFF4EF9B3FF52DE0B" box="[187,203,1574,1596]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137"><</emphasis>
|
||||
8 total standing setae. Species-level identification is provided by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436AFF9AFEE1F9D1FE04DE6E" author="Seifert, B." box="[276,413,1604,1625]" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" pagination="15 - 86" part="92" refId="ref38209" refString="Seifert, B. (2020) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Soil Organisms, 92, 15 - 86." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2020">Seifert (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFF62F9F7FDD4DF3C" blockId="24.[151,758,1040,1863]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFF62F9F7FF79DE40" box="[151,224,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Note 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Within the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFEA8F9F7FE2FDE40" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[349,438,1634,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFEA8F9F7FE2FDE40" box="[349,438,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species group as circumscribed here, two complexes are recognized by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436AFF9AFD97F915FD6BDEA2" author="Seifert, B." box="[610,754,1664,1685]" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" pagination="15 - 86" part="92" refId="ref38209" refString="Seifert, B. (2020) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Soil Organisms, 92, 15 - 86." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2020">Seifert (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFEF4F908FEC3DE85" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[257,346,1693,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFEF4F908FEC3DE85" box="[257,346,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
comprises
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFE3CF908FDBBDE85" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[457,546,1693,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFE3CF908FDBBDE85" box="[457,546,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFDDAF908FD14DE85" box="[559,653,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">excavatus</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFD6FF908FD76DE85" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[666,751,1693,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lasioides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFD6FF908FD76DE85" box="[666,751,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">lasioides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFF4EF92EFEACDEE7" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1903" box="[187,309,1723,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="himalayanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFF4EF92EFEACDEE7" box="[187,309,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">himalayanus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFE9FF92EFE5DDEE7" box="[362,452,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">silvaticus</emphasis>
|
||||
(five spp. total), and that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFD27F92EFF75DED9" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFD27F92EFF75DED9" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">turcicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
comprises
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFEA2F94CFE22DED9" authorityName="Schlick-Steiner" box="[343,443,1753,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="austriacus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFEA2F94CFE22DED9" box="[343,443,1753,1774]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">austriacus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFE33F94CFDBADED9" box="[454,547,1753,1774]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">israelicus</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFDD8F94CFD1FDED9" box="[557,646,1753,1774]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">neglectus</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFD64F94CFD77DED9" box="[657,750,1753,1774]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">precursor</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFF4EF963FEA5DF3C" box="[187,316,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">tapinomoides</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFE9EF963FE2EDF3C" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1921" box="[363,439,1782,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turcicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFE9EF963FE2EDF3C" box="[363,439,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">turcicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(six spp. total).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFF62F881FC3CD8E8" blockId="24.[151,758,1040,1863]" lastBlockId="24.[821,1428,172,1863]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFF62F881FF7EDF1E" box="[151,231,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Note 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
The differentiating features relative to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFD36F881FD6CDF1E" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[707,757,1812,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFD36F881FD6CDF1E" box="[707,757,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group above are intended to be heuristic. See the key in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436AFF9AFCACFF39FC78D8F6" author="Seifert, B." box="[857,993,172,193]" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" pagination="15 - 86" part="92" refId="ref38209" refString="Seifert, B. (2020) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Soil Organisms, 92, 15 - 86." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2020">Seifert (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
for formal identification of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFB0CFF39FACBD8F6" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1273,1362,172,193]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB0CFF39FACBD8F6" box="[1273,1362,172,193]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
452
data/03/B9/87/03B987A9436AFF9BFCBDFD32FDF1DA56.xml
Normal file
452
data/03/B9/87/03B987A9436AFF9BFCBDFD32FDF1DA56.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
|
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<mods:titleInfo id="C8AA6573EF318B79B643801A5D753523">
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<mods:title id="7FAFFCBED228D26296683F603AD1EE6F">Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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||||
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="6A932345DEF72930B668B6A4F0779C44">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="26DBFAF8FAF99A0E849FA9847D1A584F">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="17D6C86CAD85E79A50D1D38C2FAB5A98">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E0ED7B5C921C76E0164B275278D6EBD2" type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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|
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<mods:number id="15710C47DC1615C50F02119B30295B17">47</mods:number>
|
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|
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<mods:classification id="30A737007906F4A9DC286819944C297C">journal article</mods:classification>
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|
||||
<treatment id="03B987A9436AFF9BFCBDFD32FDF1DA56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A9436AFF9BFCBDFD32FDF1DA56" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A9436AFF9BFCBDFD32FDF1DA56" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
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<subSubSection id="C30A6534436AFF9AFCBDFD32FB64DA8A" box="[840,1277,679,701]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFCBDFD32FB64DA8A" blockId="24.[821,1428,172,1863]" box="[840,1277,679,701]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFCBDFD32FB64DA8A" bold="true" box="[840,1277,679,701]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
3. Species group of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFBF9FD32FBD9DA8B" ID-CoL="3SGXX" authority="(Linnaeus)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1036,1088,679,700]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFBF9FD32FBD9DA8B" bold="true" box="[1036,1088,679,700]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFBBBFD32FBC4DA8B" bold="true" box="[1102,1117,679,700]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">L</emphasis>
|
||||
. s. str. Part 2/3)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436AFF9AFAF6FD32FA1FDA8B" box="[1283,1414,679,700]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFAF6FD32FA1FDA8B" blockId="24.[821,1428,172,1863]" box="[1283,1414,679,700]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436AFF9AFAFCFD32FAC1DA8B" box="[1289,1368,679,700]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,184,1627,1647]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,226,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-8@18.[156,1423,225,1597]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the extant species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in full-face view; scale bars = 0.5 mm. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (MNHNB25217); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975370/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Figs 8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436AFF9AFA97FD32FAE6DA8B" box="[1378,1407,679,700]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">9C</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436AFF9AFCC0FD50FC26DD7B" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" type="taxon_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFCC0FD50FAD5DB66" blockId="24.[821,1428,172,1863]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
Constituent species (50), subspecies (1):
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB36FD51FABBDAED" bold="true" box="[1219,1314,708,730]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Holarctic</emphasis>
|
||||
(1):
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFAA6FD50FA0ADAED" bold="true" box="[1363,1427,709,730]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFAA6FD50FA10DAED" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1363,1417,709,730]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">niger</taxonomicName>
|
||||
*
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
[e];
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFC70FD77FC42DACF" bold="true" box="[901,987,738,760]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Nearctic</emphasis>
|
||||
(5):
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFBE0FD77FB10DAC0" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1893" box="[1045,1161,738,759]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFBE0FD77FB10DAC0" bold="true" box="[1045,1161,738,759]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">americanus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFB35FD76FAFEDACF" authority="Wilson" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1955" box="[1216,1383,739,760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB35FD76FA81DACF" box="[1216,1304,739,760]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">crypticus</emphasis>
|
||||
Wilson
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFCACFC94FC6CDB22" authority="Emery" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1893" box="[857,1013,768,790]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neoniger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFCACFC94FC37DB21" box="[857,942,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">neoniger</emphasis>
|
||||
Emery
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFBD1FC94FB35DB22" authority="Wilson" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1955" box="[1060,1196,768,790]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sitiens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFBD1FC94FBF8DB21" box="[1060,1121,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">sitiens</emphasis>
|
||||
Wilson
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFB2EFC94FC57DB04" authority="Mackay and Mackay" authorityName="Mackay and Mackay" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xerophilus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB2EFC94FAA6DB21" box="[1243,1343,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">xerophilus</emphasis>
|
||||
Mackay and Mackay
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e];
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFC0FFC8BFBF2DB03" bold="true" box="[1018,1131,798,820]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Palaearctic</emphasis>
|
||||
(45, 1):
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFB48FC8BFA9BDB04" baseAuthorityName="Foerster" baseAuthorityYear="1850" box="[1213,1282,798,819]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB48FC8BFA9BDB04" box="[1213,1282,798,819]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">alienus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFADBFC8BFC79DB66" authority="Talavera et al." authorityName="Talavera" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balearicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFADBFC8BFA0ADB04" box="[1326,1427,798,819]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">balearicus</emphasis>
|
||||
Talavera
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFC45FCA9FC79DB66" box="[944,992,828,849]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFBF4FCA9FBF3DB66" box="[1025,1130,828,849]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">bombycina</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert and Galkowski.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFCACFCCFFC26DD7B" blockId="24.[821,1428,172,1863]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFC8BFCCFFC49DB58" box="[894,976,858,879]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">casevitzi</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert and Galkowski [e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB24FCCFFAB3DB58" box="[1233,1322,858,879]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">chinensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert [e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFCACFCEDFC69DBBA" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" box="[857,1008,888,909]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinereus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFCACFCEDFC30DBBA" box="[857,937,888,909]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">cinereus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFBEAFCEDFB4BDBBA" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1937" box="[1055,1234,888,909]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFBEAFCEDFBE0DBBA" box="[1055,1145,888,909]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">coloratus</emphasis>
|
||||
Santschi
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFAF4FCEDFAD5DBBA" box="[1281,1356,888,909]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">creticus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert [e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFC8BFC03FC51DB9C" box="[894,968,918,939]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">cyperus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert [e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFBC0FC00FA91DB9D" authority="(Olivier)" baseAuthorityName="Olivier" baseAuthorityYear="1792" box="[1077,1288,917,938]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emarginatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFBC0FC00FB28DB9D" bold="true" box="[1077,1201,917,938]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">emarginatus</emphasis>
|
||||
(Olivier)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFAC7FC03FC12DBFF" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFAC7FC03FA0ADB9C" box="[1330,1427,918,939]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">flavescens</emphasis>
|
||||
Forel
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFC4EFC21FBFCDBFF" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" box="[955,1125,947,969]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavoniger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFC4EFC21FB85DBFE" box="[955,1052,948,969]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">flavoniger</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFB60FC21FA81DBFF" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1909" box="[1173,1304,947,969]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB60FC21FB47DBFE" box="[1173,1246,948,969]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">grandis</emphasis>
|
||||
Forel
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFABDFC21FBD2DBD1" authority="Yamauchi and Hayashida" authorityName="Yamauchi and Hayashida" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hayashi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFABDFC21FA0BDBFE" box="[1352,1426,948,969]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">hayashi</emphasis>
|
||||
Yamauchi and Hayashida
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFB80FC44FAA3DBD1" authority="Yamauchi" authorityName="Yamauchi" authorityYear="1979" box="[1141,1338,977,998]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hikosanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB80FC44FB4DDBD1" box="[1141,1236,977,998]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">hikosanus</emphasis>
|
||||
Yamauchi
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFAAFFC44FC22DC33" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirsutus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFAAFFC44FCECDC33" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">hirsutus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFC29FC7AFBB3DC33" box="[988,1066,1007,1028]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">illyricus</emphasis>
|
||||
Zimmermann [e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFB2AFC7AFA0ADC33" authority="Santschi" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1941" box="[1247,1427,1007,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB2AFC7AFAA5DC33" box="[1247,1340,1007,1028]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">japonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
Santschi
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFC8AFB98FC26DC15" box="[895,959,1037,1058]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">kabaki</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert [e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFBC5FB98FB52DC15" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" box="[1072,1227,1037,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karpinisi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFBC5FB98FB1CDC15" box="[1072,1157,1037,1058]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">karpinisi</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFB02FB98FA0ADC15" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" box="[1271,1427,1037,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koreanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB02FB98FAD7DC15" box="[1271,1358,1037,1058]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">koreanus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFC73FBBEFC54DC77" box="[902,973,1067,1088]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">kritikos</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert [e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFBA7FBBEFB70DC77" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" box="[1106,1257,1067,1088]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lawarai">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFBA7FBBEFB05DC77" box="[1106,1180,1067,1088]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">lawarai</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFAD7FBBEFA0ADC77" box="[1314,1427,1067,1088]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">longipalpus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert [e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFC3EFBDCFBC7DC6A" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" box="[971,1118,1096,1118]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFC3EFBDCFB8CDC69" box="[971,1045,1097,1118]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">magnus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB65FBDCFB7FDC69" box="[1168,1254,1097,1118]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">maltaeus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert [e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFA97FBDCFC28DC4C" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">mauretanicus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert [e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFBD6FBF3FB27DC4C" box="[1059,1214,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFBD6FBF3FBCCDC4C" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1059,1109,1126,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">niger</taxonomicName>
|
||||
pinetorum
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Ruzsky [],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFAD8FBF3FC1CDCAE" authority="Stitz" authorityName="Stitz" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFAD8FBF3FA0BDC4C" box="[1325,1426,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||||
Stitz
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFC41FB11FBC9DCAE" authority="Stitz" authorityName="Stitz" authorityYear="1930" box="[948,1104,1156,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFC41FB11FB84DCAE" box="[948,1053,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">obscuratus</emphasis>
|
||||
Stitz
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFB8AFB11FAB5DCAE" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" box="[1151,1324,1156,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralienus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB8AFB11FB7CDCAE" box="[1151,1253,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">paralienus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFAAEFB11FCE0DC80" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">persicus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert [e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFC1BFB37FB1CDC80" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" box="[1006,1157,1186,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piliferus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFC1BFB37FBA7DC80" box="[1006,1086,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">piliferus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFB46FB37FAF2DC80" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1991" box="[1203,1387,1186,1207]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="platythorax">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB46FB37FABDDC80" bold="true" box="[1203,1316,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">platythorax</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFCACFB55FB9BDCE2" authority="Wilson" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1955" box="[857,1026,1216,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="productus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFCACFB55FC21DCE2" box="[857,952,1216,1237]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">productus</emphasis>
|
||||
Wilson
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFBDBFB2AFA9DDCE2" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" box="[1070,1284,1215,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psammophilus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFBDBFB2AFB27DCE3" bold="true" box="[1070,1214,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">psammophilus</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFAC4FB55FBC9DCC5" authority="Yamauchi and Hayashida" authorityName="Yamauchi and Hayashida" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sakagamii">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFAC4FB55FA0ADCE2" box="[1329,1427,1216,1237]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">sakagamii</emphasis>
|
||||
Yamauchi and Hayashida
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFB74FB4BFAB9DCC5" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" box="[1153,1312,1245,1267]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaeferi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB74FB4BFB41DCC4" box="[1153,1240,1246,1267]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">schaeferi</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFAA4FB4BFC00DD27" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schulzi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFAA4FB4BFA0ADCC4" box="[1361,1427,1246,1267]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">schulzi</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFC34FB6EFB87DD27" box="[961,1054,1275,1296]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">sichuense</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert [e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFB7EFB6EFAB9DD27" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" box="[1163,1312,1275,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tebessae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB7EFB6EFB45DD27" box="[1163,1244,1275,1296]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">tebessae</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFABDFB6EFA0BDD27" box="[1352,1426,1275,1296]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">tunisius</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert [e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFC30FA8CFBD0DD19" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" box="[965,1097,1305,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uzbeki">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFC30FA8CFB9BDD19" box="[965,1026,1305,1326]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">uzbeki</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB80FA8CFB49DD19" box="[1141,1232,1305,1326]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">vostochni</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert [e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFAB6FA8CFC00DD7B" authority="Seifert" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wittmeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFAB6FA8CFA0ADD19" box="[1347,1427,1305,1326]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">wittmeri</emphasis>
|
||||
Seifert
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436AFF9AFCC0FAC0FB8FDD5D" box="[821,1046,1365,1386]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFCC0FAC0FB8FDD5D" blockId="24.[821,1428,172,1863]" box="[821,1046,1365,1386]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFCC0FAC0FC30DD5D" box="[821,937,1365,1386]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
: Holarctic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436AFF9BFCC0FAE6FDF1DA56" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFCC0FAE6FC0CDEF8" blockId="24.[821,1428,172,1863]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFCC0FAE6FC2DDDBF" box="[821,948,1395,1416]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Identification</emphasis>
|
||||
: Within the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFBD8FAE6FBC6DDBF" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1069,1119,1395,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFBD8FAE6FBC6DDBF" box="[1069,1119,1395,1416]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade, differing from the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFAADFAE6FC16DD91" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFAADFAE6FC16DD91" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">fuliginosus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group similarly to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFB9CFA04FB5BDD91" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1129,1218,1425,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB9CFA04FB5BDD91" box="[1129,1218,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group (above); otherwise, apparently without strong or consistent differentiating conditions relative to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFBAFFA59FB2ADDD6" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1114,1203,1484,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFBAFFA59FB2ADDD6" box="[1114,1203,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436AFF9AFAF1FA59FA10DDD6" author="Seifert, B." box="[1284,1417,1484,1505]" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" pagination="15 - 86" part="92" refId="ref38209" refString="Seifert, B. (2020) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Soil Organisms, 92, 15 - 86." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2020">Seifert, 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Roughly differing from the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFB80FA7FFB57DDC8" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1141,1230,1514,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB80FA7FFB57DDC8" box="[1141,1230,1514,1535]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group in the combination of mandibles with ≥8 teeth on average within a colony plus scape and outer surface of metatibia with
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFA83F9B0FA1FDE0C" box="[1398,1414,1573,1595]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">></emphasis>
|
||||
8 total standing setae. Only
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFBA3F9D6FB3BDE6F" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1110,1186,1603,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFBA3F9D6FB3BDE6F" box="[1110,1186,1603,1624]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">L. niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is truly Holarctic (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436AFF9AFAAEF9D6FC50DE41" author="Schar, S. & Talavera, G. & Espadaler, X. & Rana, J. D. & Anderson, A. A. & Cover, S. P. & Vila, R." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" pagination="1 - 12" part="45" refId="ref37621" refString="Schar, S., Talavera, G., Espadaler, X., Rana, J. D., Anderson, A. A., Cover, S. P. & Vila, R. (2018) Do Holarctic ant species exist? Trans-Beringian dispersal and homoplasy in the Formicidae. Journal of Biogeography, 45, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jbi. 13380." title="Do Holarctic ant species exist? Trans-Beringian dispersal and homoplasy in the Formicidae" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||||
Schär
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFCACF9F4FC13DE41" box="[857,906,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2018
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); Nearctic and Palaearctic species are otherwise identifiable via
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436AFF9AFC01F9EAFB18DEA3" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[1012,1153,1663,1684]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436AFF9AFB43F9EAFAD8DEA3" author="Seifert, B." box="[1206,1345,1663,1684]" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" pagination="15 - 86" part="92" refId="ref38209" refString="Seifert, B. (2020) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Soil Organisms, 92, 15 - 86." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2020">Seifert (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, respectively, although more work is necessary for the American fauna.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9AFCC0F94DFBA2DF3C" blockId="24.[821,1428,172,1863]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFCC0F94DFCE2DEDA" box="[821,891,1752,1773]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Note 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Our molecular sample for
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFB77F94DFAB2DEDA" box="[1154,1323,1752,1773]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
L. nr.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFB4EF94DFAB2DEDA" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1893" box="[1211,1323,1752,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">americanus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
represents an undescribed species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436AFF9BFCC0F881FEA8D92D" blockId="24.[821,1428,172,1863]" lastBlockId="25.[161,767,172,610]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFCC0F881FC1ADF1E" box="[821,899,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Note 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Within the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436AFF9AFBF8F881FBA6DF1E" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1037,1087,1812,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436AFF9AFBF8F881FBA6DF1E" box="[1037,1087,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species group as circumscribed here,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436AFF9AFC6CF8A7FBB3DF70" author="Seifert, B." box="[921,1066,1842,1863]" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" pagination="15 - 86" part="92" refId="ref38209" refString="Seifert, B. (2020) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Soil Organisms, 92, 15 - 86." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2020">Seifert (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
recognizes two morphometrically diagnosable complexes: that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE02FF39FDF9D8F6" authorityName="Stitz" authorityYear="1930" box="[503,608,172,193]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE02FF39FDF9D8F6" box="[503,608,172,193]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">obscuratus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
comprises
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFD3AFF39FF7CD8E8" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">criticus</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFF04FF5FFEC3D8E8" authorityName="Stitz" authorityYear="1930" box="[241,346,202,223]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFF04FF5FFEC3D8E8" box="[241,346,202,223]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">obscuratus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE92FF5FFE2ED8E8" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" box="[359,439,202,223]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piliferus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE92FF5FFE2ED8E8" box="[359,439,202,223]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">piliferus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE18FF5FFDEED8E8" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" box="[493,631,202,223]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="psammophilus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE18FF5FFDEED8E8" box="[493,631,202,223]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">psammophilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, while that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFF30FF7DFEB2D8CA" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" box="[197,299,232,253]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralienus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFF30FF7DFEB2D8CA" box="[197,299,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">paralienus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
comprises
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE51FF7DFD94D8CA" box="[420,525,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">bombycina</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFDEAFF7DFDE8D8CA" box="[543,625,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">casevitzi</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFD77FF7DFD50D8CA" box="[642,713,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">kritikos</emphasis>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFF30FE93FEB2D92C" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="1992" box="[197,299,262,283]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paralienus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFF30FE93FEB2D92C" box="[197,299,262,283]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">paralienus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFF54FEB6FE88D9A6" blockId="25.[161,767,172,610]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFF54FEB6FF72D90F" box="[161,235,291,312]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Note 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
The differentiating features relative to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFD53FEB6FD66D90F" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[678,767,291,312]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFD53FEB6FD66D90F" box="[678,767,291,312]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">brunneus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group above are intended to be heuristic. See the key in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436BFF9BFF14FECAFEF2D943" author="Seifert, B." box="[225,363,351,372]" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" pagination="15 - 86" part="92" refId="ref38209" refString="Seifert, B. (2020) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Soil Organisms, 92, 15 - 86." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2020">Seifert (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
for formal identification of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFD7FFECAFD25D943" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[650,700,351,372]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFD7FFECAFD25D943" box="[650,700,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFF46FE0FFDE9D998" blockId="25.[161,767,172,610]" box="[179,624,410,432]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFF46FE0FFDE9D998" bold="true" box="[179,624,410,432]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
4. Species
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFEE9FE0FFE38D998" bold="true" box="[284,417,410,431]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||||
in the clade of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFDC9FE0FFDE9D998" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[572,624,410,431]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFDC9FE0FFDE9D998" bold="true" box="[572,624,410,431]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFF46FE2DFE58D9FA" blockId="25.[161,767,172,610]" box="[179,449,440,461]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
Species (1):
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFEDEFE2DFE02D9FA" authorityName="Seifert" box="[299,411,440,461]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFEDEFE2DFE02D9FA" box="[299,411,440,461]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">brevipalpus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFF54FE43FDF1DA56" blockId="25.[161,767,172,610]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFF54FE43FF57D9DC" box="[161,206,470,491]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Note</emphasis>
|
||||
: The species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE70FE43FDB8D9DC" authorityName="Seifert" box="[389,545,470,491]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpus">
|
||||
L.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE44FE43FDB8D9DC" box="[433,545,470,491]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">brevipalpus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436BFF9BFF30FE66FED7DA3F" author="Seifert, B." box="[197,334,499,520]" journalOrPublisher="Soil Organisms" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" pagination="15 - 86" part="92" refId="ref38209" refString="Seifert, B. (2020) A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Soil Organisms, 92, 15 - 86." title="A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic members of the subgenus Lasius s. str. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2020">Seifert (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
who remarked that its relationship to other ‘sensu stricto’
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFEA7FD84FE09DA11" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[338,400,529,550]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFEA7FD84FE09DA11" box="[338,400,529,550]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is uncertain due to a unique character combination, at least within the Asian fauna. We confirm placement of this species in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE03FDD8FDB1DA55" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[502,552,589,610]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE03FDD8FDB1DA55" box="[502,552,589,610]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">niger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
161
data/03/B9/87/03B987A9436BFF98FCA4F881FE19DAB2.xml
Normal file
161
data/03/B9/87/03B987A9436BFF98FCA4F881FE19DAB2.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
|
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<mods:mods id="177245413315776A32767BDE135B6C3B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="ED174BBEEE9606EFCBB5C4F10A00B1EC">
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<mods:title id="06DF83D781020FA77CABDA84766C1E70">Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:name id="29848D47993A06024992A606C3A268D5" type="personal">
|
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<mods:role id="2704F8EE654BEEEF965E180C0B34F1E0">
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<mods:roleTerm id="25D2945AE99F2D74A2414E1A4A77854C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="4222164D2D0FE87A1E272BCEFF9B30AC">Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="9F86F25AEEF04D70D681351FE2DAD532">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="C76B02E76C5D1FC252FFB4B90426B8F3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="16E7C4B55AA712A878E1AC93B2FC0020">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="8FD8E6353941ABD96C51A718C5521A43">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="E08CE8F370FCBC12DEC6AACB10FBC1E4">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
|
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</mods:name>
|
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="BA0BBF8BCBA771E1B358526947EDB761">Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="12B9B12E45B96204F4AD9A61C0613E1E">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="30E88727A6C096ED54833689A9E6B0CD" type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="88DBFBA1C21902878DE37FC8B90E692D">Systematic Entomology</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:part id="AEBD9B93D118C555B1300CD5D9D5F199">
|
||||
<mods:date id="E8F456548A72811537D1BD77CF5ADDBE">2022</mods:date>
|
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<mods:detail id="E14C7C61451F7EFB8552DED8DCC958EE" type="pubDate">
|
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<mods:number id="6343241FB1D12EDCE9300F10D10ACAA9">2022-01-10</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="27BBE97479C123944C631D07EB7D0E70" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="E82C2D5A4BA43511D20DEE7A8AB2485E">47</mods:number>
|
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</mods:detail>
|
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|
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:classification id="39E458C9E926FB0EAC7F91A23044B79C">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
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|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="03B987A9436BFF98FCA4F881FE19DAB2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A9436BFF98FCA4F881FE19DAB2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A9436BFF98FCA4F881FE19DAB2" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFCA4F881FA05DF1D" box="[849,1436,1812,1834]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFCA4F881FA05DF1D" blockId="25.[830,1436,1812,1863]" box="[849,1436,1812,1834]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFCA4F881FA05DF1D" bold="true" box="[849,1436,1812,1834]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
5. Species group of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFBDCF881FB16DF1E" ID-CoL="3SGXR" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1906" box="[1065,1167,1812,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFBDCF881FB16DF1E" bold="true" box="[1065,1167,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFB4AF881FAADDF1E" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1955" box="[1215,1332,1812,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cautolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB4AF881FAADDF1E" bold="true" box="[1215,1332,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Cautolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
part 2/2)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFCCBF8A7FC5DDF70" box="[830,964,1842,1863]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFCCBF8A7FC5DDF70" blockId="25.[830,1436,1812,1863]" box="[830,964,1842,1863]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436BFF9BFCB0F8A7FC0CDF70" box="[837,917,1842,1863]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,184,1627,1647]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,226,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-8@18.[156,1423,225,1597]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the extant species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in full-face view; scale bars = 0.5 mm. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (MNHNB25217); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975370/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Figs 8H</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436BFF9BFC6AF8A7FC24DF70" box="[927,957,1842,1863]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">9H</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344368FF98FF5FFF39FD0ED8F6" box="[170,663,172,193]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" type="taxon_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4368FF98FF5FFF39FD0ED8F6" blockId="26.[151,758,172,645]" box="[170,663,172,193]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
Constituent species (2):
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE67FF39FE61D8F6" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1906" box="[402,504,172,193]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE67FF39FE61D8F6" bold="true" box="[402,504,172,193]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FDD0FF39FDE8D8F6" authorityName="Yamauchi" authorityYear="1979" box="[549,625,172,193]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sonobei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FDD0FF39FDE8D8F6" bold="true" box="[549,625,172,193]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">sonobei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344368FF98FF62FF5EFEE0D8D7" box="[151,377,203,224]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4368FF98FF62FF5EFEE0D8D7" blockId="26.[151,758,172,645]" box="[151,377,203,224]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF62FF5EFE92D8D7" box="[151,267,203,224]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
: Holarctic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A65344368FF98FF62FF7CFE19DAB2" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF4368FF98FF62FF7CFE19DAB2" blockId="26.[151,758,172,645]" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF62FF7CFE8FD8C9" box="[151,278,233,254]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">Identification</emphasis>
|
||||
: Among groups of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE08FF7CFDACD8C9" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[509,565,233,254]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE08FF7CFDACD8C9" box="[509,565,233,254]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade, most similar to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FEDDFE92FE0DD92B" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[296,404,263,284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carniolicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FEDDFE92FE0DD92B" box="[296,404,263,284]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">carniolicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE55FE92FE41D92B" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[416,472,263,284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE55FE92FE41D92B" box="[416,472,263,284]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FDF8FE92FDFED92B" authorityName="Nylander" box="[525,615,263,284]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FDF8FE92FDFED92B" box="[525,615,263,284]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">umbratus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in having relatively small eyes (vs
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE62FEB0FE61D90D" baseAuthorityName="Provancher" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[407,504,293,314]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallitarsis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE62FEB0FE61D90D" box="[407,504,293,314]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">pallitarsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), stocky mesosomata and shorter scapes (vs
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FE98FED6FE34D96F" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[365,429,323,344]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE98FED6FE34D96F" box="[365,429,323,344]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">atopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), and unreduced palpomere count (vs
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FF2BFEF4FEB5D941" baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[222,300,353,374]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claviger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FF2BFEF4FEB5D941" box="[222,300,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">claviger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group). At present, not collectively distinguishable from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FED6FEEAFEC2D9A3" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[291,347,383,404]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FED6FEEAFEC2D9A3" box="[291,347,383,404]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group; otherwise, identifiable as follows: clypeus broad relative to head width (vs narrow,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FD7FFE0BFD6FD984" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[650,758,414,435]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carniolicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FD7FFE0BFD6FD984" box="[650,758,414,435]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">carniolicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group); eyes small, with
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FE47FE2EFE5BD9E6" box="[434,450,443,465]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139"><</emphasis>
|
||||
35 ommatidia and underside of head without distinct, standing setae (vs with
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FD96FE4CFDEAD9D8" box="[611,627,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">></emphasis>
|
||||
35 ommatidia and underside of head with distinct, standing setae,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FD5AFE6DFF4EDA1C" authorityName="Nylander" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FD5AFE6DFF4EDA1C" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">umbratus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group). No key is available to specifically separate
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FD17FD83FE87DA7E" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FD17FD83FE87DA7E" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">L. nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C4368FF98FEA5FDA1FE2CDA7E" authorityName="Yamauchi" authorityYear="1979" box="[336,437,564,585]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sonobei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD4368FF98FEA5FDA1FE2CDA7E" box="[336,437,564,585]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="139">L. sonobei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, although the former is Nearctic and keyed in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4368FF98FEB5FDC7FE54DA50" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[320,461,594,615]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, the latter Japanese and keyed in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E4368FF98FF21FDE5FEE5DAB2" author="Yamauchi, K." box="[212,380,624,645]" journalOrPublisher="Science Report of the Faculty of Education Gifu University (Natural Science)" pageId="26" pageNumber="139" pagination="147 - 181" part="6" refId="ref39921" refString="Yamauchi, K. (1979, 1978) Taxonomical and ecological studies on the ant genus Lasius in Japan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). I. Taxonomy. Science Report of the Faculty of Education Gifu University (Natural Science), 6, 147 - 181." title="Taxonomical and ecological studies on the ant genus Lasius in Japan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). I. Taxonomy." type="journal article" year="1979">Yamauchi (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
297
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297
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|
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@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
|
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<mods:titleInfo id="5DD177BC76920811E7F20DA53FE81C78">
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<mods:title id="2CB4B78BB19B45C1454BFD4AFBF2A1BB">Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9A9706464B221AF9B47EC4EF8FB5905D">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AA2C6630CDB29184F03E194B7EBFE79C">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="A9461A82B13597F00F31449BA57F1788">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6253EA4EC217B427082CA1F16189C7ED" type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A536EA033AAA573E391DDAD73FC31032">
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<mods:date id="F73F86987DF9EFACA34421A306F221D7">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03B987A9436BFF9BFCA4FD97FBEBDEC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A9436BFF9BFCA4FD97FBEBDEC1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A9436BFF9BFCA4FD97FBEBDEC1" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
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<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFCA4FD97FAA7DA2F" box="[849,1342,514,536]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFCA4FD97FAA7DA2F" blockId="25.[830,1437,514,1782]" box="[849,1342,514,536]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFCA4FD97FAA7DA2F" bold="true" box="[849,1342,514,536]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
4. Species group of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFBE5FD97FBD3DA20" ID-CoL="3SGWW" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1040,1098,514,535]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFBE5FD97FBD3DA20" bold="true" box="[1040,1098,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFB9BFD97FB7ADA20" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1955" box="[1134,1251,514,535]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cautolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB9BFD97FB7ADA20" bold="true" box="[1134,1251,514,535]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Cautolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
part 1/2)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFAB6FD96FCFADA02" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFAB6FD96FCFADA02" blockId="25.[830,1437,514,1782]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436BFF9BFABFFD96FA01DA2F" box="[1354,1432,515,536]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,184,1627,1647]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,226,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-8@18.[156,1423,225,1597]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the extant species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in full-face view; scale bars = 0.5 mm. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (MNHNB25217); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975370/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Figs 8G</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436BFF9BFCCBFDB5FCC5DA02" box="[830,860,544,565]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">9G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFCCBFDABFBB2DA9B" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="taxon_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFCCBFDABFBB2DA9B" blockId="25.[830,1437,514,1782]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
Constituent species (8):
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFBC1FDABFB13DA63" bold="true" box="[1076,1162,574,596]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Nearctic</emphasis>
|
||||
(3):
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFB37FDABFAA9DA64" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1893" box="[1218,1328,574,595]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB37FDABFAA9DA64" bold="true" box="[1218,1328,574,595]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFA93FDABFC3FDA46" authority="Wilson" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFA93FDABFA05DA64" box="[1382,1436,574,595]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">fallax</emphasis>
|
||||
Wilson
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFC21FDC9FB83DA46" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1917" box="[980,1050,604,625]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFC21FDC9FB83DA46" box="[980,1050,604,625]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">humilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e];
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFBBFFDCEFB22DA46" bold="true" box="[1098,1211,603,625]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Palaearctic</emphasis>
|
||||
(5):
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFB1EFDC9FC12DAB9" authority="Bingham" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienoflavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB1EFDC9FAC6DA46" box="[1259,1375,604,625]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">alienoflavus</emphasis>
|
||||
Bingham
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFC41FDEFFB09DAB9" authority="Bharti and Gul" authorityName="Bharti and Gul" box="[948,1168,633,655]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elevatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFC41FDEFFB9BDAB8" box="[948,1026,634,655]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">elevatus</emphasis>
|
||||
Bharti and Gul
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB4CFDECFB66DAB9" bold="true" box="[1209,1279,633,654]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFB4CFDECFB6FDAB9" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1209,1270,633,654]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">flavus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
*
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFAD2FDECFA05DAB9" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1894" box="[1319,1436,633,654]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myops">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFAD2FDECFAFCDAB9" bold="true" box="[1319,1381,633,654]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">myops</emphasis>
|
||||
Forel
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFC7CFD02FB9DDA9B" authority="Wilson" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1955" box="[905,1028,663,684]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talpa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFC7CFD02FC23DA9B" box="[905,954,663,684]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">talpa</emphasis>
|
||||
Wilson
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFCCBFD20FB86DAFD" box="[830,1055,693,714]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFCCBFD20FB86DAFD" blockId="25.[830,1437,514,1782]" box="[830,1055,693,714]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFCCBFD20FC2BDAFD" box="[830,946,693,714]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
: Holarctic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFCCBFD46FBEBDEC1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFCCBFD46FBF6DD0E" blockId="25.[830,1437,514,1782]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFCCBFD46FC24DADF" box="[830,957,723,744]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Identification</emphasis>
|
||||
: Among species groups of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFB1AFD46FABEDADF" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1263,1319,723,744]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB1AFD46FABEDADF" box="[1263,1319,723,744]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade, most similar to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFBC7FD65FB07DB32" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[1074,1182,752,773]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carniolicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFBC7FD65FB07DB32" box="[1074,1182,752,773]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">carniolicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFB44FD65FA8DDB32" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1906" box="[1201,1300,752,773]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB44FD65FA8DDB32" box="[1201,1300,752,773]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFAA3FD65FCE7DB14" authorityName="Nylander" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFAA3FD65FCE7DB14" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">umbratus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in having relatively small eyes (vs
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFB13FC9BFADEDB14" baseAuthorityName="Provancher" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1254,1351,782,803]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallitarsis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB13FC9BFADEDB14" box="[1254,1351,782,803]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">pallitarsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), stocky mesosomata and shorter scapes (vs
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFB4EFCB9FB62DB76" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[1211,1275,812,833]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB4EFCB9FB62DB76" box="[1211,1275,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">atopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), and unreduced palpomere count (vs
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFBC1FCDCFB1BDB69" baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1076,1154,841,862]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claviger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFBC1FCDCFB1BDB69" box="[1076,1154,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">claviger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group). At present, not collectively distinguishable from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFB7CFCF2FB75DB4B" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1906" box="[1161,1260,871,892]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB7CFCF2FB75DB4B" box="[1161,1260,871,892]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group; otherwise, identifiable as follows: clypeus broad relative to head width (vs narrow,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFC24FC37FBA4DB80" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[977,1085,930,951]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carniolicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFC24FC37FBA4DB80" box="[977,1085,930,951]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">carniolicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group); eyes small, with
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFADEFC37FAA2DB8F" box="[1323,1339,930,952]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138"><</emphasis>
|
||||
35 ommatidia excepting
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFC0AFC55FB08DBE2" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1903" box="[1023,1169,960,981]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienoflavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFC0AFC55FB08DBE2" box="[1023,1169,960,981]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. alienoflavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFB3DFC55FA87DBE2" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1224,1310,960,981]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB3DFC55FA87DBE2" box="[1224,1310,960,981]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which lack standing setae on head underside (vs with
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFAF0FC48FA8CDBC4" box="[1285,1301,989,1011]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">></emphasis>
|
||||
35 ommatidia and head underside with distinct, standing setae,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFAA3FC6EFCE7DC19" authorityName="Nylander" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFAA3FC6EFCE7DC19" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">umbratus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group). No key is available to specifically separate all of the species of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFBC3FBA2FBF7DC7B" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1078,1134,1079,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFBC3FBA2FBF7DC7B" box="[1078,1134,1079,1100]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group as here constituted; the three Nearctic species are keyed in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436BFF9BFB44FBC1FAA5DC5E" author="Wilson, E. O." box="[1201,1340,1108,1129]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFA80FBC1FC36DCB0" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFA80FBC1FC36DCB0" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">brevicornis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as ‘
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFC29FBE7FB8DDCB0" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[988,1044,1138,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFC29FBE7FB8DDCB0" box="[988,1044,1138,1159]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’; the two Western European species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFA7CFBE7FC03DC92" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFA7CFBE7FC03DC92" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFC3EFB05FBBBDC92" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1894" box="[971,1058,1168,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myops">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFC3EFB05FBBBDC92" box="[971,1058,1168,1189]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. myops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, are keyed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436BFF9BFB46FB1AFAA4DC93" author="Seifert, B." bookContentInfo="408" box="[1203,1341,1167,1188]" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" refId="ref38183" refString="Seifert, B. (2018) The Ants of Central and North Europe, p. 408. Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer." title="The Ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">Seifert (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; the three species from the Himalayas,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFB87FB38FB67DCF5" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1903" box="[1138,1278,1197,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienoflavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB87FB38FB67DCF5" box="[1138,1278,1197,1218]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. alienoflavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFAFCFB38FAF6DCF5" authorityName="Bharti and Gul" box="[1289,1391,1197,1218]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elevatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFAFCFB38FAF6DCF5" box="[1289,1391,1197,1218]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. elevatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFC97FB5EFC29DCD7" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1955" box="[866,944,1227,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talpa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFC97FB5EFC29DCD7" box="[866,944,1227,1248]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. talpa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are keyed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436BFF9BFBB3FB5EFA8FDCD7" author="Bharti, H. & Gul, I." box="[1094,1302,1227,1248]" journalOrPublisher="Asian Myrmecology" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" pagination="53 - 58" part="5" refId="ref31074" refString="Bharti, H. & Gul, I. (2013) Lasius elevatus, a new ant species of the subgenus Cautolasius (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Indian Himalayas. Asian Myrmecology, 5, 53 - 58." title="Lasius elevatus, a new ant species of the subgenus Cautolasius (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Indian Himalayas" type="journal article" year="2013">Bharti & Gul (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436BFF9BFAB9FB5EFC46DCC9" author="Collingwood, C. A." journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" pagination="283 - 296" part="7" refId="ref32754" refString="Collingwood, C. A. (1982) Himalayan ants of the genus Lasius (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 7, 283 - 296." title="Himalayan ants of the genus Lasius (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1982">Collingwood (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and the easternmost Asian population(s) of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFA7CFB7CFC0ADD2C" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talpa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFA7CFB7CFC0ADD2C" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. talpa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are keyed for North Korea by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436BFF9BFB42FA93FAEDDD2C" author="Radchenko, A." box="[1207,1396,1286,1307]" journalOrPublisher="Annales Zoologici (Warsaw)" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" pagination="127 - 221" part="55" refId="ref36993" refString="Radchenko, A. (2005 b) Monographic revision of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of North Korea. Annales Zoologici (Warsaw), 55, 127 - 221." title="Monographic revision of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of North Korea" type="journal article" year="2005">Radchenko (2005b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and Japan by (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436BFF9BFC36FAB1FBFDDD0E" author="Yamauchi, K." box="[963,1124,1316,1337]" journalOrPublisher="Science Report of the Faculty of Education Gifu University (Natural Science)" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" pagination="147 - 181" part="6" refId="ref39921" refString="Yamauchi, K. (1979, 1978) Taxonomical and ecological studies on the ant genus Lasius in Japan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). I. Taxonomy. Science Report of the Faculty of Education Gifu University (Natural Science), 6, 147 - 181." title="Taxonomical and ecological studies on the ant genus Lasius in Japan (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). I. Taxonomy." type="journal article" year="1979">Yamauchi, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFCCBFAD7FBEBDEC1" blockId="25.[830,1437,514,1782]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFCCBFAD7FCEDDD60" box="[830,884,1346,1367]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Notes</emphasis>
|
||||
: This group corresponds to the former subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFAAFFAD7FC03DD43" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cautolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFAAFFAD7FC03DD43" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Cautolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in part. The inclusion of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFB53FACAFAAEDD43" authorityName="Bingham" authorityYear="1903" box="[1190,1335,1375,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienoflavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB53FACAFAAEDD43" box="[1190,1335,1375,1396]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. alienoflavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFAB0FACAFCE7DDA5" authorityName="Bharti and Gul" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elevatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFAB0FACAFCE7DDA5" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. elevatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFC78FAE8FC47DDA5" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1955" box="[909,990,1405,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFC78FAE8FC47DDA5" box="[909,990,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. fallax</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFC18FAE8FBD6DDA5" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1917" box="[1005,1103,1405,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFC18FAE8FBD6DDA5" box="[1005,1103,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. humilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFB7CFAE8FB4FDDA5" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1955" box="[1161,1238,1405,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="talpa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB7CFAE8FB4FDDA5" box="[1161,1238,1405,1426]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. talpa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is provisional.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436BFF9BFA84FAE8FC53DD87" author="Wilson, E. O." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" pagination="1 - 201" part="113" refId="ref39584" refString="Wilson, E. O. (1955) A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 113, 1 - 201." title="A monographic revision of the ant genus Lasius" type="journal article" year="1955">Wilson (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
accepted the placement of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFB21FA0EFAADDD87" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1917" box="[1236,1332,1435,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB21FA0EFAADDD87" box="[1236,1332,1435,1456]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. humilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the former subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFC1BFA2DFBE1DDFA" authorityName="Ruzsky" box="[1006,1144,1464,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chthonolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFC1BFA2DFBE1DDFA" box="[1006,1144,1464,1485]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Chthonolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as proposed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436BFF9BFAE3FA2DFA05DDFA" author="Emery, C." box="[1302,1436,1464,1485]" journalOrPublisher="Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" pagination="1 - 302" part="183" refId="ref33484" refString="Emery, C. (1925) Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum, 183, 1 - 302." title="Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae" type="journal article" year="1925">Emery (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
without stated justification; we observe that this species has very small eyes and lacks standing setae on the ventral head surface, matching the polythetic diagnoses of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFAC9F987FAEDDE10" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1340,1396,1554,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFAC9F987FAEDDE10" box="[1340,1396,1554,1575]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFC97F9BAFC5CDE73" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1906" box="[866,965,1583,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFC97F9BAFC5CDE73" box="[866,965,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
groups. Likewise, the species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFB0AF9BAFAF2DE73" authorityName="Bharti and Gul" box="[1279,1387,1583,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elevatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB0AF9BAFAF2DE73" box="[1279,1387,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. elevatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also has very small eyes and lacks postgenal bridge setation, although it was unplaced to subgenus in its original description (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436BFF9BFC61F91DFBCCDEAA" author="Bharti, H. & Gul, I." box="[916,1109,1672,1693]" journalOrPublisher="Asian Myrmecology" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" pagination="53 - 58" part="5" refId="ref31074" refString="Bharti, H. & Gul, I. (2013) Lasius elevatus, a new ant species of the subgenus Cautolasius (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Indian Himalayas. Asian Myrmecology, 5, 53 - 58." title="Lasius elevatus, a new ant species of the subgenus Cautolasius (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Indian Himalayas" type="journal article" year="2013">Bharti & Gul, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Molecular data should be generated for all species of this group, their relationships relative to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFC56F951FB9FDEEE" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1906" box="[931,1030,1732,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFC56F951FB9FDEEE" box="[931,1030,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group tested, and a critical reanalysis of phenotypic traits conducted.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
157
data/03/B9/87/03B987A9436BFF9BFF46F94DFA8DD9DD.xml
Normal file
157
data/03/B9/87/03B987A9436BFF9BFF46F94DFA8DD9DD.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
|
|||
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<mods:titleInfo id="6382B3817D19D69CC39648C077927062">
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<mods:title id="75FCF541274778E45748CA5E429B2C4D">Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="518558ABC5E67BDA693E991D8B3C2840">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8AE70AB0B17A3FE13543711B83247B92">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1130C8950694DEAAEDA90E6F5158E497">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="979AC21F1DB1214362A75745F9861B75">Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="27DD5E7C83C47D2C50AB5558BC9D79C8">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9CD670BF2FC35C31F4881639110F1F6A" type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<treatment id="03B987A9436BFF9BFF46F94DFA8DD9DD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A9436BFF9BFF46F94DFA8DD9DD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A9436BFF9BFF46F94DFA8DD9DD" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
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<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFF46F94DFD01DED9" box="[179,664,1752,1774]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFF46F94DFD01DED9" blockId="25.[161,767,1752,1863]" box="[179,664,1752,1774]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFF46F94DFD01DED9" bold="true" box="[179,664,1752,1774]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
3. Species group of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE71F94DFE4BDEDA" baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[388,466,1752,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claviger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE71F94DFE4BDEDA" bold="true" box="[388,466,1752,1773]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">claviger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE0BF94DFD09DEDA" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1862" box="[510,656,1752,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acanthomyops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE0BF94DFD09DEDA" bold="true" box="[510,656,1752,1773]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Acanthomyops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFD54F94DFF5FDF3C" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFD54F94DFF5FDF3C" blockId="25.[161,767,1752,1863]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436BFF9BFD5DF94DFD62DEDA" box="[680,763,1752,1773]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,184,1627,1647]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,226,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-8@18.[156,1423,225,1597]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the extant species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in full-face view; scale bars = 0.5 mm. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (MNHNB25217); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975370/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Figs 8G</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436BFF9BFF54F963FF26DF3C" box="[161,191,1782,1803]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">9G</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFF54F881FA0ED92D" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="taxon_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFF54F881FA0ED92D" blockId="25.[161,767,1752,1863]" lastBlockId="25.[830,1436,172,490]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
Constituent species (16):
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE66F881FE6EDF1E" box="[403,503,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">arizonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
Wheeler [e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFD8DF881FD2CDF1E" box="[632,693,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">bureni</emphasis>
|
||||
(Wing) [e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFF1EF8A4FEF8DF71" bold="true" box="[235,353,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">californicus</emphasis>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE79F8A7FE7FDF70" box="[396,486,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE79F8A7FE45DF70" authority="(Roger)" baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[396,476,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claviger">claviger</taxonomicName>
|
||||
*
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(Roger) [e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFD94F8A7FD16DF70" box="[609,655,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">colei</emphasis>
|
||||
(Wing) [e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFC97FF39FC45D8F6" box="[866,988,172,193]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">coloradensis</emphasis>
|
||||
Wheeler [e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFBAAFF39FB59D8F6" box="[1119,1216,172,193]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">creightoni</emphasis>
|
||||
(Wing) [e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFAC2FF39FA05D8F6" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1866" box="[1335,1436,172,193]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interjectus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFAC2FF39FA05D8F6" box="[1335,1436,172,193]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">interjectus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFC7EFF5FFC52D8E8" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Walsh" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[907,971,202,223]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFC7EFF5FFC52D8E8" bold="true" box="[907,971,202,223]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">latipes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFC0EFF5FFB20D8E8" authority="Wheeler" authorityName="Wheeler" box="[1019,1209,202,223]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecocystus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFC0EFF5FFBC6D8E8" box="[1019,1119,202,223]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">mexicanus</emphasis>
|
||||
Wheeler
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB1CFF5FFAA0D8E8" box="[1257,1337,202,223]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">murphyi</emphasis>
|
||||
Forel [e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFC97FF7DFC4FD8CA" box="[866,982,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||||
Wheeler [],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFBA4FF7DFB48D8CA" box="[1105,1233,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">plumopilosus</emphasis>
|
||||
Buren [e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFAB4FF7DFC17D92D" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">pogonogynus</emphasis>
|
||||
Buren [e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFC0EFE90FBC4D92D" box="[1019,1117,261,282]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">pubescens</emphasis>
|
||||
Buren [e],
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB3FFE90FAB3D92D" box="[1226,1322,261,282]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">subglaber</emphasis>
|
||||
Emery [e].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFCCBFEB6FB8ED90F" box="[830,1047,291,312]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFCCBFEB6FB8ED90F" blockId="25.[830,1436,172,490]" box="[830,1047,291,312]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFCCBFEB6FC2BD90F" box="[830,946,291,312]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
: Nearctic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFCCBFED4FA8DD9DD" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFCCBFED4FA8DD9DD" blockId="25.[830,1436,172,490]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFCCBFED4FC24D961" box="[830,957,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Identification</emphasis>
|
||||
: Unique among
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFB70FED4FB5AD961" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[1157,1219,321,342]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFB70FED4FB5AD961" box="[1157,1219,321,342]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in having reduced palpomere counts, ranging from 3,4, 4,4, to 5,4. Offset basal mandibular teeth are present (variable among
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFA91FEE9FA05D9A6" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[1380,1436,380,401]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFA91FEE9FA05D9A6" box="[1380,1436,380,401]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade groups). Eyes smaller than those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFAE2FE0FFA0FD998" baseAuthorityName="Provancher" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1303,1430,410,431]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallitarsis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFAE2FE0FFA0FD998" box="[1303,1430,410,431]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. pallitarsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Scapes and mesosoma, not elongate as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFAF8FE22FAF3D9FB" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[1293,1386,439,460]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFAF8FE22FAF3D9FB" box="[1293,1386,439,460]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. atopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. See
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436BFF9BFC97FE40FC7ED9DD" author="Wing, M. W." box="[866,999,469,490]" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" pagination="1 - 173" part="405" refId="ref39673" refString="Wing, M. W. (1968 a) Taxonomic revision of the Nearctic genus Acanthomyops (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Memoirs of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, 405, 1 - 173." title="Taxonomic revision of the Nearctic genus Acanthomyops (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1968">Wing (1968a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
for species-level identification.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
167
data/03/B9/87/03B987A9436BFF9BFF46FBC7FECFDE8D.xml
Normal file
167
data/03/B9/87/03B987A9436BFF9BFF46FBC7FECFDE8D.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
|
|||
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<mods:titleInfo id="8635BFDF8480475F8E39C9D561F86AD0">
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<mods:title id="61B9F768FDF3FB6B907D9548EB80CDCA">Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="F5DC166AE404F95788303E4C630A6F28">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="E77E5AD383F7894E8DFEA5D73CC2F335">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="05B50DAEC7D8FEBC4D53346F2EF540CE" type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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|
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|
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|
||||
<treatment id="03B987A9436BFF9BFF46FBC7FECFDE8D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A9436BFF9BFF46FBC7FECFDE8D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A9436BFF9BFF46FBC7FECFDE8D" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
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<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFF46FBC7FD04DC5F" box="[179,669,1106,1128]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="nomenclature">
|
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|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFF46FBC7FD04DC5F" bold="true" box="[179,669,1106,1128]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
2. Species group of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE74FBC6FE76DC5F" ID-CoL="3SGWD" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[385,495,1107,1128]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carniolicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE74FBC6FE76DC5F" bold="true" box="[385,495,1107,1128]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">carniolicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFDEFFBC6FD0CDC5F" authorityName="Faber" authorityYear="1967" box="[538,661,1107,1128]" higherTaxonomySource="Manual Input" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="135" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Austrolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFDEFFBC6FD0CDC5F" bold="true" box="[538,661,1107,1128]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Austrolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFD50FBC6FF5ADCB2" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFD50FBC6FF5ADCB2" blockId="25.[161,767,1106,1722]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436BFF9BFD5EFBC6FD63DC5F" box="[683,762,1107,1128]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,184,1627,1647]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,226,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-8@18.[156,1423,225,1597]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the extant species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in full-face view; scale bars = 0.5 mm. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (MNHNB25217); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975370/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Figs 8E</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436BFF9BFF54FBE5FF25DCB2" box="[161,188,1136,1157]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">9E</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFF54FB1BFD40DC94" box="[161,729,1166,1187]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="taxon_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFF54FB1BFD40DC94" blockId="25.[161,767,1106,1722]" box="[161,729,1166,1187]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
Constituent species (2):
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE7CFB1BFD9ADC94" bold="true" box="[393,515,1166,1187]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE7CFB1BFE60DC94" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[393,505,1166,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carniolicus">carniolicus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
*
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
[e],
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFDDAFB1BFD2BDC94" authority="Faber" authorityName="Faber" authorityYear="1967" box="[559,690,1166,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reginae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFDDAFB1BFDEFDC94" box="[559,630,1166,1187]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">reginae</emphasis>
|
||||
Faber
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFF54FB39FE0BDCF6" box="[161,402,1196,1217]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFF54FB39FE0BDCF6" blockId="25.[161,767,1106,1722]" box="[161,402,1196,1217]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFF54FB39FE8CDCF6" box="[161,277,1196,1217]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
: Palaearctic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFF54FB5FFECFDE8D" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFF54FB5FFD39DDDD" blockId="25.[161,767,1106,1722]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFF54FB5FFEB9DCE8" box="[161,288,1226,1247]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Identification</emphasis>
|
||||
: Among groups of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFDE3FB5FFDD7DCE8" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[534,590,1226,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFDE3FB5FFDD7DCE8" box="[534,590,1226,1247]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade, most similar to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE93FB7DFE07DCCA" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[358,414,1256,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE93FB7DFE07DCCA" box="[358,414,1256,1277]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE5BFB7DFD88DCCA" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1906" box="[430,529,1256,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearcticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE5BFB7DFD88DCCA" box="[430,529,1256,1277]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">nearcticus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFDBBFB7DFD31DCCA" authorityName="Nylander" box="[590,680,1256,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umbratus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFDBBFB7DFD31DCCA" box="[590,680,1256,1277]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">umbratus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in having relatively small eyes (vs
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE18FA90FDD7DD2D" baseAuthorityName="Provancher" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[493,590,1285,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallitarsis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE18FA90FDD7DD2D" box="[493,590,1285,1306]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">pallitarsis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), stocky mesosomata (vs
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFEE8FAB6FEC4DD0F" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[285,349,1315,1336]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFEE8FAB6FEC4DD0F" box="[285,349,1315,1336]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">atopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), and unreduced palpomere count (vs
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFD3AFAB6FF72DD61" baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claviger">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFD3AFAB6FF72DD61" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">claviger</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group). Clypeus lateromedially narrow relative to head width, thus cheeks in full-face view strongly curving anteriorly to mandibular bases, similar to the condition observed in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFEF1FA0FFEF4DD98" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[260,365,1434,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFEF1FA0FFEF4DD98" box="[260,365,1434,1455]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">fuliginosus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group. Mandibles with offset basal teeth (variable among groups of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE3AFA2DFD9EDDFA" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[463,519,1464,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE3AFA2DFD9EDDFA" box="[463,519,1464,1485]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">flavus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade). See
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436BFF9BFD74FA2DFD66DDFA" author="Faber, W." box="[641,767,1464,1485]" journalOrPublisher="Pflanzenschultz Berichte" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" pagination="73 - 107" part="36" refId="ref33510" refString="Faber, W. (1967) Beitrage zur Kenntnis sozialparasitischer Ameisen. I. Lasius (Austrolasius n. sg.) reginae n. sp., eine neue temporar sozialparasitische Erdameise aus Osterreich (Hym. Formicidae). Pflanzenschultz Berichte, 36, 73 - 107." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis sozialparasitischer Ameisen. I. Lasius (Austrolasius n. sg.) reginae n. sp., eine neue temporar sozialparasitische Erdameise aus Osterreich (Hym. Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1967">Faber (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436BFF9BFF18FA40FEEADDDD" author="Seifert, B." bookContentInfo="408" box="[237,371,1493,1514]" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" refId="ref38183" refString="Seifert, B. (2018) The Ants of Central and North Europe, p. 408. Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer." title="The Ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">Seifert (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
for species-level identification.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFF54FA66FECFDE8D" blockId="25.[161,767,1106,1722]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFF54FA66FF57DE3F" box="[161,206,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Note</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFF28FA66FEFCDE3F" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[221,357,1523,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carniolicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFF28FA66FEFCDE3F" box="[221,357,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. carniolicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE6DFA66FE63DE3F" authorityName="Faber" authorityYear="1967" box="[408,506,1523,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reginae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE6DFA66FE63DE3F" box="[408,506,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. reginae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have been separated from other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFF0BF984FEA5DE11" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[254,316,1553,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFF0BF984FEA5DE11" box="[254,316,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by their cheeks, which strongly curve toward their mandibular bases (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436BFF9BFE1FF9BAFDFADE73" author="Faber, W." box="[490,611,1583,1604]" journalOrPublisher="Pflanzenschultz Berichte" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" pagination="73 - 107" part="36" refId="ref33510" refString="Faber, W. (1967) Beitrage zur Kenntnis sozialparasitischer Ameisen. I. Lasius (Austrolasius n. sg.) reginae n. sp., eine neue temporar sozialparasitische Erdameise aus Osterreich (Hym. Formicidae). Pflanzenschultz Berichte, 36, 73 - 107." title="Beitrage zur Kenntnis sozialparasitischer Ameisen. I. Lasius (Austrolasius n. sg.) reginae n. sp., eine neue temporar sozialparasitische Erdameise aus Osterreich (Hym. Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1967">Faber, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436BFF9BFD84F9BAFD6CDE73" author="Seifert, B." bookContentInfo="408" box="[625,757,1583,1604]" journalOrPublisher="Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" refId="ref38183" refString="Seifert, B. (2018) The Ants of Central and North Europe, p. 408. Lutra Verlags- und Vertriebsgesellschaft, Tauer." title="The Ants of Central and North Europe" type="book" year="2018">Seifert, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This may be due to the form of their clypei, which appear to be narrow relative to the width of their heads. The width and other quantitative features of the clypeus should be evaluated in future study.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
124
data/03/B9/87/03B987A9436BFF9BFF46FD08FE55DC02.xml
Normal file
124
data/03/B9/87/03B987A9436BFF9BFF46FD08FE55DC02.xml
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|
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|
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<mods:titleInfo id="1E9A5266D8ED4F114A45C030569BF09D">
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<mods:title id="EFE579CA3458E17E3E469413E9416D34">Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5FB86A244BFCE5D3C092C8745D4459F7">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="E70C2A41E8033632B1A60F216735FC18">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E27EE86766F349735AAD918C9DD6A48F">Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1933355B6A24717D42140DABCC3EBF05">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="95591BDFBAECB0893E4F998A48AD36CF" type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:part id="04DEFDDDE7DACC00B304D7CBEB5D9EAD">
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1. Species group of
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<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE64FD08FE4BDA85" ID-CoL="3SGW6" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[401,466,669,690]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE64FD08FE4BDA85" bold="true" box="[401,466,669,690]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">atopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFDF1FD08FD0DDA85" authorityName="Ruzsky" box="[516,660,669,690]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chthonolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFDF1FD08FD0DDA85" bold="true" box="[516,660,669,690]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Chthonolasius</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
part 1/2)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFF54FD2EFEBFDAE7" box="[161,294,699,720]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFF54FD2EFEBFDAE7" blockId="25.[161,768,639,1077]" box="[161,294,699,720]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
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(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436BFF9BFF52FD2EFF6EDAE7" box="[167,247,699,720]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,184,1627,1647]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,226,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-8@18.[156,1423,225,1597]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the extant species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in full-face view; scale bars = 0.5 mm. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (MNHNB25217); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975370/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Figs 8D</figureCitation>
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,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436BFF9BFEF4FD2EFE86DAE7" box="[257,287,699,720]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">9D</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFF54FD4CFE69DAD9" box="[161,496,729,750]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="taxon_list">
|
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFF54FD4CFE69DAD9" blockId="25.[161,768,639,1077]" box="[161,496,729,750]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
Constituent species (1):
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE7CFD4CFE53DAD9" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[393,458,729,750]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE7CFD4CFE53DAD9" bold="true" box="[393,458,729,750]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">atopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
[e].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFF54FD62FC99DB3C" box="[161,768,758,780]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFF54FD62FC99DB3C" blockId="25.[161,768,639,1077]" box="[161,768,758,780]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFF54FD62FE8CDB3B" box="[161,277,759,780]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
: Restricted to western North America (California).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436BFF9BFF54FC81FE55DC02" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFF54FC81FE3BDBEB" blockId="25.[161,768,639,1077]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
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<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFF54FC81FEB9DB1E" box="[161,288,788,809]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Identification</emphasis>
|
||||
: Among all
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE68FC81FE42DB1E" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[413,475,788,809]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE68FC81FE42DB1E" box="[413,475,788,809]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE1CFC81FDDDDB1E" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[489,580,788,809]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE1CFC81FDDDDB1E" box="[489,580,788,809]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">L. atopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has uniquely elongate scapes and a uniquely slender mesosoma (scapes about as long as anteroposterior head length; metanotum relatively elongate, and mesonotum almost in plane with metanotum). In addition, with dense standing pilosity across the entire body, including appendages. See the definition of this species in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436BFF9BFEDDFC52FE07DBEB" author="Cole, A. C. Jr" box="[296,414,967,988]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" pagination="75 - 77" part="38" refId="ref32713" refString="Cole, A. C. Jr (1958) A remarkable new species of Lasius (Chthonolasius) from California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science, 38, 75 - 77." title="A remarkable new species of Lasius (Chthonolasius) from California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1958">Cole (1958)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436BFF9BFF54FC71FE55DC02" blockId="25.[161,768,639,1077]" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFF54FC71FF4EDBCE" box="[161,215,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Notes</emphasis>
|
||||
: This species was previously classified in the former subgenus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFEF6FB97FE14DC20" authorityName="Ruzsky" box="[259,397,1026,1047]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chthonolasius">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFEF6FB97FE14DC20" box="[259,397,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Chthonolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; our sequenced specimen represents a new species near
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436BFF9BFE99FBB5FE5EDC02" authorityName="Cole" authorityYear="1958" box="[364,455,1056,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atopus">
|
||||
L.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436BFF9BFE72FBB5FE5EDC02" box="[391,455,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">atopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
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|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
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|
||||
|
|
@ -1,193 +1,195 @@
|
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1111/syen.12522</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">564eaad8-6245-4f42-9a88-42b97bf30807</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5975346</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="2B7821D06C18DE49168E07EA7FC3C0C0">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="41D6DA07C09860EA76A3BF8B60CF34BB" type="CLB-Dataset">20773</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="EE6EEDEC514743B13B2607FFCD1B9CAF" type="DOI">10.1111/syen.12522</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="CE84010BABBCEF239EBFC90932C5BAA3" type="GBIF-Dataset">564eaad8-6245-4f42-9a88-42b97bf30807</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="D2B73BEA66C52A0E12496DB0818ED2E7" type="Zenodo-Dep">5975346</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="569FE29A8D90E2B94CF449F5445DE1AE" type="ZooBank">016059BA-33C3-43B2-ADAD-6807DC5CB6D8</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303234" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278225" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303234" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A9436EFF9EFF5FFC8AFBEEDAED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A9436EFF9EFF5FFC8AFBEEDAED" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<subSubSection box="[170,693,799,821]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,758,173,850]" box="[170,693,799,821]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[170,244,799,821]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Species</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="(Mei, 1998)" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[250,585,799,820]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon" status="comb.nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[250,465,799,820]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Metalasius myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatment id="03B987A9436EFF9EFF5FFC8AFBEEDAED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303234" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278225" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303234" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A9436EFF9EFF5FFC8AFBEEDAED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A9436EFF9EFF5FFC8AFBEEDAED" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436EFF9EFF5FFC8AFD2CDB02" box="[170,693,799,821]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF5FFC8AFD2CDB02" blockId="28.[151,758,173,850]" box="[170,693,799,821]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF5FFC8AFF6DDB02" bold="true" box="[170,244,799,821]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Species</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFF0FFC8AFDD0DB03" authority="(Mei, 1998)" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[250,585,799,820]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon" status="comb. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF0FFC8AFE48DB03" bold="true" box="[250,465,799,820]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Metalasius myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mei, M." box="[478,578,799,820]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436EFF9EFE2BFC8AFDDBDB03" author="Mei, M." box="[478,578,799,820]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[591,693,799,821]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[591,693,799,821]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" rank="species">comb.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFDBAFC8AFD2CDB02" bold="true" box="[591,693,799,821]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D6436EFF9EFDBAFC8AFD2CDB02" box="[591,693,799,821]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" rank="species">comb.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="141" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,758,173,850]" box="[170,361,829,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[170,355,829,850]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Definition (worker)</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436EFF9EFF5FFCA8FDA8DDF3" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF5FFCA8FEF0DB65" blockId="28.[151,758,173,850]" box="[170,361,829,850]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF5FFCA8FEFADB65" box="[170,355,829,850]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Definition (worker)</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" box="[165,537,888,909]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF50FCEDFD80DBBA" blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" box="[165,537,888,909]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
1. With character states of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[426,531,888,909]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[426,531,888,909]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFE5FFCEDFD8ADBBA" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[426,531,888,909]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFE5FFCEDFD8ADBBA" box="[426,531,888,909]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" box="[165,610,918,939]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF50FC03FDFBDB9C" blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" box="[165,610,918,939]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
2.
|
||||
<emphasis box="[195,517,918,939]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Dorsal mandibular groove absent</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF36FC03FD9CDB9C" box="[195,517,918,939]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Dorsal mandibular groove absent</emphasis>
|
||||
(Note 1).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">3. Ventromedial base of mandible without trough or impression (Note 2).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">4. Maxillary palps short, exceeding hypostomal margin but not reaching postgenal bridge midlength.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">5. Maxillary palpomere 3 longest, 4 shorter but as long as 5 and 6 together (Note 3).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">6. Clypeus, in lateral view, convex and weakly bulging anteriorly (Note 3).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">7. Anterior tentorial pit situated lateral to midlength of the epistomal suture.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" box="[165,611,1246,1267]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF50FC26FEDEDBD1" blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">3. Ventromedial base of mandible without trough or impression (Note 2).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF50FC7AFDB1DC15" blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">4. Maxillary palps short, exceeding hypostomal margin but not reaching postgenal bridge midlength.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF50FBBEFE31DC69" blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">5. Maxillary palpomere 3 longest, 4 shorter but as long as 5 and 6 together (Note 3).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF50FBF3FEDFDCAE" blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">6. Clypeus, in lateral view, convex and weakly bulging anteriorly (Note 3).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF50FB37FEFEDCE2" blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">7. Anterior tentorial pit situated lateral to midlength of the epistomal suture.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF50FB4BFDFADCC4" blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" box="[165,611,1246,1267]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
8.
|
||||
<emphasis box="[195,517,1246,1267]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Lateral hypostomal carina absent</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF36FB4BFD9CDCC4" box="[195,517,1246,1267]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Lateral hypostomal carina absent</emphasis>
|
||||
(Note 4).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF50FB69FE1FDD19" blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
9.
|
||||
<emphasis box="[195,412,1276,1297]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Compound eyes absent</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF36FB69FE05DD26" box="[195,412,1276,1297]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Compound eyes absent</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis box="[425,613,1276,1297]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">reduced or vestigial</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFE5CFB69FDFCDD26" box="[425,613,1276,1297]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">reduced or vestigial</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">with at most 9 ommatidia</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFD84FB69FEB0DD18" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">with at most 9 ommatidia</emphasis>
|
||||
(Note 5).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF6CFAA2FE12DD5D" blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
10.
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Propodeal spiracle situated distinctly in lower half of propodeum</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF36FAADFEB6DD5D" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Propodeal spiracle situated distinctly in lower half of propodeum</emphasis>
|
||||
(Note 6).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" box="[153,719,1395,1416]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">11. Legs almost entirely devoid of standing setae (Note 3).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">12. Petiolar node weakly inclined anteriorly, node well-developed, squamiform (Note 7).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF6CFAE6FD56DDBF" blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" box="[153,719,1395,1416]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">11. Legs almost entirely devoid of standing setae (Note 3).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF6CFA04FDA8DDF3" blockId="28.[153,758,888,1476]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">12. Petiolar node weakly inclined anteriorly, node well-developed, squamiform (Note 7).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="141" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,757,1513,1863]" box="[151,350,1513,1535]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<heading bold="true" box="[151,350,1513,1535]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" reason="6">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,343,1513,1535]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Notes on definition</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436EFF9EFF62FA7CFBEEDAED" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF62FA7CFEC7DDC8" blockId="28.[151,757,1513,1863]" box="[151,350,1513,1535]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<heading id="D0E781D3436EFF9EFF62FA7CFEC7DDC8" bold="true" box="[151,350,1513,1535]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" reason="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF62FA7CFECEDDC8" bold="true" box="[151,343,1513,1535]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Notes on definition</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,757,1513,1863]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[151,226,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF62F99DFD3BDE0D" blockId="28.[151,757,1513,1863]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF62F99DFF7BDE2A" box="[151,226,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
The dorsal mandibular groove is discernable in all examined
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[286,348,1573,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[286,348,1573,1594]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFEEBF9B0FEC5DE0D" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[286,348,1573,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFEEBF9B0FEC5DE0D" box="[286,348,1573,1594]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[395,498,1573,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[395,498,1573,1594]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFE7EF9B0FE6BDE0D" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[395,498,1573,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFE7EF9B0FE6BDE0D" box="[395,498,1573,1594]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group taxa.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,757,1513,1863]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[151,227,1603,1624]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF62F9D6FD0EDF3C" blockId="28.[151,757,1513,1863]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF62F9D6FF7ADE6F" box="[151,227,1603,1624]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Presence of a trough on the ventromedial base of the mandible is a newly detected synapomorphy of the core
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[237,340,1663,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[237,340,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFF18F9EAFECDDEA3" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[237,340,1663,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF18F9EAFECDDEA3" box="[237,340,1663,1684]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group. The impression is enhanced when the ventromedial mandibular margin is carinate and/or produced medially, and best seen when the mandibles are open and with the head in lateral anteroventral view. The trough may be reduced or absent in some species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[151,757,1513,1863]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[151,226,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFF62F881FD87DF70" blockId="28.[151,757,1513,1863]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFF62F881FF7BDF1E" box="[151,226,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
Previously included in the original diagnosis of the species
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[262,391,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[262,391,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFEF3F8A7FE1EDF70" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[262,391,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFEF3F8A7FE1EDF70" box="[262,391,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mei, M." box="[427,538,1842,1863]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436EFF9EFE5EF8A7FD83DF70" author="Mei, M." box="[427,538,1842,1863]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[821,1428,172,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[821,891,172,193]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFCC0FF39FBD4D90E" blockId="28.[821,1428,172,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFCC0FF39FCE2D8F6" box="[821,891,172,193]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
The lateral hypostoma is usually delimited by a carina, which is discontinuous with the medial hypostomal lamina. Among formicines, the lateral hypostomal carina is absent only in
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1862" box="[934,1026,262,283]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acropyga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[934,1026,262,283]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Acropyga</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFC53FE93FB9BD92C" authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1862" box="[934,1026,262,283]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Acropyga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFC53FE93FB9BD92C" box="[934,1026,262,283]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Acropyga</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(some species) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[1227,1371,262,283]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachymyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1227,1371,262,283]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Brachymyrmex</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFB3EFE93FAC2D92C" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[1227,1371,262,283]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Brachymyrmex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFB3EFE93FAC2D92C" box="[1227,1371,262,283]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Brachymyrmex</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, both genera outside of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1027,1097,292,313]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFBF6FEB1FBD0D90E" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1027,1097,292,313]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[821,1428,172,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[821,893,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFCC0FED7FBD1D9A5" blockId="28.[821,1428,172,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFCC0FED7FCE4D960" box="[821,893,322,343]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
The specimens, which were available for examination had 5–8 ommatidia; the maximum ommatidium count is from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mei, M." box="[909,1012,381,402]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei (1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436EFF9EFC78FEE8FC6DD9A5" author="Mei, M." box="[909,1012,381,402]" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="177 - 182" part="130" refId="ref36073" refString="Mei, M. (1998) Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 130, 177 - 182." title="Lasius (Cautolasius) myrmidon n. sp.: a new hypogaeic ant from Greece (Hymenoptera Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Mei (1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, p. 178).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[821,1428,172,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[821,898,411,432]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFCC0FE0EFA1ED9F9" blockId="28.[821,1428,172,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFCC0FE0EFC1BD987" box="[821,898,411,432]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
Alowered propodeal spiracle appears sporadically replicated in only a few
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[1088,1191,441,462]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1088,1191,441,462]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFBB5FE2CFB3ED9F9" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[1088,1191,441,462]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFBB5FE2CFB3ED9F9" box="[1088,1191,441,462]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group members.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[821,1428,172,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[821,892,471,492]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFCC0FE42FBE8DA3E" blockId="28.[821,1428,172,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFCC0FE42FCE5D9DB" box="[821,892,471,492]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
The petiolar node is strongly inclined anteriorly in the core
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[904,1007,501,522]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[904,1007,501,522]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFC7DFE60FC76DA3D" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[904,1007,501,522]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFC7DFE60FC76DA3D" box="[904,1007,501,522]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[821,1428,172,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[840,1184,530,551]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFCBDFD87FBEEDAED" blockId="28.[821,1428,172,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFCBDFD87FB39DA10" box="[840,1184,530,551]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
Comments.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[964,1184,530,551]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">Metalasius myrmidon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFC31FD87FB39DA10" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[964,1184,530,551]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">Metalasius myrmidon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
is uniquely identified among the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[929,995,560,581]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFC54FDA5FC7ADA72" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[929,995,560,581]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by absence of the dorsal mandibular groove and lateral hypostomal carina, short and broad third antennomere, mid-set compound eyes (when present), which are reduced to at most 9 ommatidia and near complete absence of standing setae on the head. High magnification may be required to evaluate the lateral hypostoma.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,167 +1,169 @@
|
|||
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<mods:identifier id="86FFE495F4ABD5C0DA11B7F286D50F79" type="GBIF-Dataset">564eaad8-6245-4f42-9a88-42b97bf30807</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="4AB3B8DD6CBD3F82081B02C208868141" type="Zenodo-Dep">5975346</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="F97E568F7648DB6297FD578D68033CB8" type="ZooBank">016059BA-33C3-43B2-ADAD-6807DC5CB6D8</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303236" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303236" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A9436EFF9FFCBDFD76FEA4D8E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A9436EFF9FFCBDFD76FEA4D8E8" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<subSubSection box="[840,1366,739,761]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[821,1428,172,790]" box="[840,1366,739,761]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,932,739,761]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Species †</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="(Mayr, 1868)" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[932,1258,739,760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus" status="comb.nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[932,1125,739,760]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Metalasius pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
<treatment id="03B987A9436EFF9FFCBDFD76FEA4D8E8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303236" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303236" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A9436EFF9FFCBDFD76FEA4D8E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A9436EFF9FFCBDFD76FEA4D8E8" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436EFF9EFCBDFD76FACFDACE" box="[840,1366,739,761]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFCBDFD76FACFDACE" blockId="28.[821,1428,172,790]" box="[840,1366,739,761]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFCBDFD76FC3DDACE" bold="true" box="[840,932,739,761]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Species †</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFC51FD76FB73DACF" authority="(Mayr, 1868)" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[932,1258,739,760]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFC51FD76FBFCDACF" bold="true" box="[932,1125,739,760]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Metalasius pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Mayr, G." box="[1138,1251,739,760]" journalOrPublisher="Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 102" part="1" refId="ref36049" refString="Mayr, G. (1868) Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens, 1, 1 - 102." title="Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins" type="journal article" year="1868">Mayr, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436EFF9EFB87FD76FB7ADACF" author="Mayr, G." box="[1138,1251,739,760]" journalOrPublisher="Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="1 - 102" part="1" refId="ref36049" refString="Mayr, G. (1868) Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins. Beitrage zur Naturkunde Preussens, 1, 1 - 102." title="Die Ameisen des baltischen Bernsteins" type="journal article" year="1868">Mayr, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1264,1366,739,761]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1264,1366,739,761]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" rank="species">comb.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFB05FD76FACFDACE" bold="true" box="[1264,1366,739,761]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D6436EFF9EFB05FD76FACFDACE" box="[1264,1366,739,761]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" rank="species">comb.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="141" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[821,1428,172,790]" box="[840,1031,769,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[840,1025,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Definition (worker)</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436EFF9EFCBDFC94FA17DBD1" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFCBDFC94FB9EDB21" blockId="28.[821,1428,172,790]" box="[840,1031,769,790]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFCBDFC94FB98DB21" box="[840,1025,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Definition (worker)</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[822,1422,828,998]" box="[822,1280,828,849]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFCC3FCA9FA99DB66" blockId="28.[822,1422,828,998]" box="[822,1280,828,849]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
1. With character states of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[1084,1189,828,849]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1084,1189,828,849]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFBC9FCA9FB3CDB66" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[1084,1189,828,849]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFBC9FCA9FB3CDB66" box="[1084,1189,828,849]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Note 1).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[822,1422,828,998]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFCC3FCCFFAC6DBBA" blockId="28.[822,1422,828,998]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
2. Maxillary palps long, reaching occipital foramen (Note 2). 3. Compound eyes well-developed, with
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1219,1235,887,909]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">></emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFB36FCE2FB4ADBBA" box="[1219,1235,887,909]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">></emphasis>
|
||||
20 ommatidia.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[822,1422,828,998]" box="[822,1197,917,938]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">4. Mesosomal dorsum devoid of setae.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[822,1422,828,998]" box="[822,1221,947,968]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">5. Legs entirely devoid of standing setae.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[822,1422,828,998]" box="[822,1422,977,998]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">6. Petiolar node weakly inclined anteriorly, node squamiform.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFCC3FC00FB34DB9D" blockId="28.[822,1422,828,998]" box="[822,1197,917,938]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">4. Mesosomal dorsum devoid of setae.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFCC3FC26FB5CDBFF" blockId="28.[822,1422,828,998]" box="[822,1221,947,968]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">5. Legs entirely devoid of standing setae.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFCC3FC44FA17DBD1" blockId="28.[822,1422,828,998]" box="[822,1422,977,998]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">6. Petiolar node weakly inclined anteriorly, node squamiform.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[821,1428,1036,1863]" box="[821,1019,1036,1058]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<heading bold="true" box="[821,1019,1036,1058]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" reason="6">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[821,1012,1036,1058]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Notes on definition</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436EFF9FFCC0FB99FEA4D8E8" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFCC0FB99FC62DC16" blockId="28.[821,1428,1036,1863]" box="[821,1019,1036,1058]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<heading id="D0E781D3436EFF9EFCC0FB99FC62DC16" bold="true" box="[821,1019,1036,1058]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" reason="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFCC0FB99FC6DDC15" bold="true" box="[821,1012,1036,1058]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Notes on definition</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[821,1428,1036,1863]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[821,896,1066,1087]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFCC0FBBFFC4EDCAF" blockId="28.[821,1428,1036,1863]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFCC0FBBFFC19DC08" box="[821,896,1066,1087]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Several characters could not be evaluated for †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFA8CFBBFFC3CDC6A" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFA8CFBBFFC3CDC6A" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, including the ventromedial mandibular groove, palpomere proportions, clypeal profile, and lateral hypostomal carina.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[821,1428,1036,1863]" box="[821,1108,1185,1206]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[821,890,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFCC0FB34FBCDDC81" blockId="28.[821,1428,1036,1863]" box="[821,1108,1185,1206]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFCC0FB34FCE3DC81" box="[821,890,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Note 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
From
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[954,1104,1185,1206]" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="209 - 222" part="45" refId="ref33108" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (2011) The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers. Vestnik Zoologii, 45, 209 - 222." title="The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers" type="journal article" year="2011">Dlussky (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436EFF9EFC4FFB34FBC9DC81" author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[954,1104,1185,1206]" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="209 - 222" part="45" refId="ref33108" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (2011) The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers. Vestnik Zoologii, 45, 209 - 222." title="The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers" type="journal article" year="2011">Dlussky (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[821,1428,1036,1863]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[840,941,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Comments</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9EFCBDFB2AFB8EDD92" blockId="28.[821,1428,1036,1863]" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFCBDFB2AFC34DCE3" box="[840,941,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Comments</emphasis>
|
||||
. We place †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1059,1167,1215,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1059,1167,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFBD6FB2AFB16DCE3" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1059,1167,1215,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFBD6FB2AFB16DCE3" box="[1059,1167,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1213,1342,1215,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1213,1342,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFB48FB2AFAA7DCE3" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1213,1342,1215,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFB48FB2AFAA7DCE3" box="[1213,1342,1215,1236]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
together based on the results of our phylogenetic analyses, and we interpret presence of the broad third antennomere and highly reduced cranial setation as synapomorphies of this clade. †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Metalasius pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFADFFA8CFC18DD7B" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFADFFA8CFC18DD7B" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">Metalasius pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1030,1161,1335,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1030,1161,1335,1356]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFBF3FAA2FB10DD7B" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1030,1161,1335,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFBF3FAA2FB10DD7B" box="[1030,1161,1335,1356]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by the following: (i) compound eyes large; (ii) maxillary palps long, reaching occipital foramen, and (iii) standing setae completely absent from head dorsum and mesosoma.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="28.[821,1428,1036,1863]" lastBlockId="29.[161,767,172,344]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436EFF9FFCBDFA3BFEA4D8E8" blockId="28.[821,1428,1036,1863]" lastBlockId="29.[161,767,172,344]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">
|
||||
Although, we have not examined the neotype of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1313,1421,1454,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1313,1421,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFAD4FA3BFA14DDF4" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1313,1421,1454,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFAD4FA3BFA14DDF4" box="[1313,1421,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, designated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[960,1108,1484,1505]" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="209 - 222" part="45" refId="ref33108" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (2011) The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers. Vestnik Zoologii, 45, 209 - 222." title="The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers" type="journal article" year="2011">Dlussky (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436EFF9EFC35FA59FBCDDDD6" author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[960,1108,1484,1505]" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="209 - 222" part="45" refId="ref33108" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (2011) The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers. Vestnik Zoologii, 45, 209 - 222." title="The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers" type="journal article" year="2011">Dlussky (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and deposited in Muzeum Ziemi Polskiej Akademii Nauk in Warsaw, the specimen we have studied is unlikely to be misidentified as it exhibits unique diagnostic traits of the species among the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1131,1200,1573,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFB9EF9B0FB29DE0D" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1131,1200,1573,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, let alone of the Baltic amber fauna, including absence of setae on the head dorsum, well-developed eyes, short and broad third antennomere, and very small body size (
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1046,1062,1662,1684]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141"><</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFBE3F9EBFBBFDEA3" box="[1046,1062,1662,1684]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141"><</emphasis>
|
||||
2 mm).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[1138,1290,1663,1684]" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="209 - 222" part="45" refId="ref33108" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (2011) The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers. Vestnik Zoologii, 45, 209 - 222." title="The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers" type="journal article" year="2011">Dlussky (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436EFF9EFB87F9EAFA93DEA3" author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[1138,1290,1663,1684]" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Zoologii" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" pagination="209 - 222" part="45" refId="ref33108" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (2011) The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers. Vestnik Zoologii, 45, 209 - 222." title="The ants of the genus Lasius (hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene European ambers" type="journal article" year="2011">Dlussky (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
describes the eyes of both †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[964,1142,1693,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[964,1142,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFC31F908FBEFDE85" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[964,1142,1693,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFC31F908FBEFDE85" box="[964,1142,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1206,1317,1693,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1206,1317,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFB43F908FABCDE85" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1206,1317,1693,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFB43F908FABCDE85" box="[1206,1317,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as ‘shifted somewhat posteriorly so that the length of [the] gena [is] more than [that of the] maximum diameter of [the] eyes’. This very general statement is true of both species, however, the eyes of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[833,1009,1812,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[833,1009,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFCB4F881FC68DF1E" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" box="[833,1009,1812,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schiefferdeckeri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFCB4F881FC68DF1E" box="[833,1009,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">L. schiefferdeckeri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are distinctly set in the posterior head half whereas those of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1009,1120,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1009,1120,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFC04F8A7FBF9DF70" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1009,1120,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFC04F8A7FBF9DF70" box="[1009,1120,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1173,1305,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1173,1305,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436EFF9EFB60F8A7FA80DF70" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Mei" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1173,1305,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrmidon">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436EFF9EFB60F8A7FA80DF70" box="[1173,1305,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="141">M. myrmidon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are situated at head midlength, distinguishing them from all
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[640,702,172,193]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[640,702,172,193]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFD75FF39FD27D8F6" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[640,702,172,193]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFD75FF39FD27D8F6" box="[640,702,172,193]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group members.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,229 +1,231 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFCA4FA32FBCFDD8A" bold="true" box="[849,1110,1447,1469]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
Genus †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus, 2022" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[932,1021,1447,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen.nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[932,1021,1447,1468]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Sussudio</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFC51FA32FC64DD8B" authority="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus, 2022" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[932,1021,1447,1468]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC51FA32FC64DD8B" bold="true" box="[932,1021,1447,1468]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Sussudio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1027,1110,1447,1469]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" rank="genus">gen.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D6436FFF9FFBF6FA32FBCFDD8A" box="[1027,1110,1447,1469]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" rank="genus">gen.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="142" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="29.[830,1437,276,1618]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[849,1094,1477,1498]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Type and included species</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436FFF9FFCA4FA50FC2DDDCF" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFCA4FA50FC2DDDCF" blockId="29.[830,1437,276,1618]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFCA4FA50FBDFDDED" box="[849,1094,1477,1498]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Type and included species</emphasis>
|
||||
. †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Wheeler, 1915" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[1117,1349,1477,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1117,1203,1477,1498]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">P. boreus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[1207,1349,1477,1498]" journalOrPublisher="Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" pagination="1 - 142" part="55" refId="ref39440" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915 1914) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." title="The ants of the Baltic Amber" type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFBA8FA50FADCDDED" authority="Wheeler, 1915" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[1117,1349,1477,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFBA8FA50FB2ADDED" box="[1117,1203,1477,1498]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">P. boreus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFB42FA50FADCDDED" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[1207,1349,1477,1498]" journalOrPublisher="Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" pagination="1 - 142" part="55" refId="ref39440" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915 1914) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." title="The ants of the Baltic Amber" type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Original designation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="29.[830,1437,276,1618]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[849,996,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">ZooBank LSID</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436FFF9CFCA4F994FD76DA72" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFCA4F994FB66DE03" blockId="29.[830,1437,276,1618]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFCA4F994FC7DDE21" box="[849,996,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">ZooBank LSID</emphasis>
|
||||
. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BFF515E7-9966-443F-8A34-555A4B41906B
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="29.[830,1437,276,1618]" box="[849,1040,1597,1618]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[849,1034,1597,1618]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Definition (worker)</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFCA4F9A8FB89DE65" blockId="29.[830,1437,276,1618]" box="[849,1040,1597,1618]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFCA4F9A8FB93DE65" box="[849,1034,1597,1618]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Definition (worker)</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="29.[844,1437,1661,1863]" box="[844,1291,1661,1682]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFCB9F9E8FA92DEA5" blockId="29.[844,1437,1661,1863]" box="[844,1291,1661,1682]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
1. With characters of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" box="[1090,1199,1661,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicinae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFBB7F9E8FB36DEA5" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" box="[1090,1199,1661,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Note 1).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="29.[844,1437,1661,1863]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFCB9F90EFB7BDEF8" blockId="29.[844,1437,1661,1863]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
2.
|
||||
<emphasis box="[873,1094,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Cranium size variable</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC9CF909FBDFDE86" box="[873,1094,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Cranium size variable</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">width somewhat broader than to about twice that of mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFBA3F909FB1FDEF8" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">width somewhat broader than to about twice that of mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
(Note 2).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="29.[844,1437,1661,1863]" box="[844,1223,1752,1773]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">3. Mandible triangular, with 7–8 teeth.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="29.[844,1437,1661,1863]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">4. Dorsal mandibular groove extending along lateral mandibular margin in dorsal view.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="29.[844,1437,1661,1863]" box="[844,1437,1842,1863]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">5. Palps reduced, not reaching midlength of postgenal bridge.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[165,616,172,193]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">6. Frontal carinae raised above antennal toruli.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[165,670,202,223]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">7. Antennal toruli abutting posterior clypeal margin.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[165,571,232,253]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">8. Antennomere count unknown (Note 3).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[165,536,262,283]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">9. Antennomere III longer than broad.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[153,706,291,312]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">10. Compound eyes situated posterior to head midlength.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[153,741,321,342]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">11. Compound eyes not enormous and long axes subparallel.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[153,519,351,372]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">12. Ocelli minutely present or absent.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[153,711,381,402]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">13. Promesonotum domed, raised well above propodeum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[153,523,411,432]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">14. Metanotal groove well-developed.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">15. Petiolar foramen in profile view clearly raised and margined with conspicuous thickened carina or lip.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">16. Petiolar node squamiform, tall; dorsoventral height equal to or possibly exceeding dorsum of propodeum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[153,751,560,581]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">17. Abdominal segment III without raised tergosternal fusion.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFCB9F94DFB5EDEDA" blockId="29.[844,1437,1661,1863]" box="[844,1223,1752,1773]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">3. Mandible triangular, with 7–8 teeth.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFCB9F963FBC7DF1E" blockId="29.[844,1437,1661,1863]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">4. Dorsal mandibular groove extending along lateral mandibular margin in dorsal view.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFCB9F8A7FA04DF70" blockId="29.[844,1437,1661,1863]" box="[844,1437,1842,1863]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">5. Palps reduced, not reaching midlength of postgenal bridge.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436CFF9CFF50FF39FDF1D8F6" blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[165,616,172,193]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">6. Frontal carinae raised above antennal toruli.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436CFF9CFF50FF5FFD07D8E8" blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[165,670,202,223]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">7. Antennal toruli abutting posterior clypeal margin.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436CFF9CFF50FF7DFDA2D8CA" blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[165,571,232,253]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">8. Antennomere count unknown (Note 3).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436CFF9CFF50FE93FD81D92C" blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[165,536,262,283]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">9. Antennomere III longer than broad.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436CFF9CFF6CFEB6FD5BD90F" blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[153,706,291,312]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">10. Compound eyes situated posterior to head midlength.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436CFF9CFF6CFED4FD7CD961" blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[153,741,321,342]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">11. Compound eyes not enormous and long axes subparallel.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436CFF9CFF6CFECAFD9ED943" blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[153,519,351,372]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">12. Ocelli minutely present or absent.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436CFF9CFF6CFEE8FD5ED9A5" blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[153,711,381,402]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">13. Promesonotum domed, raised well above propodeum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436CFF9CFF6CFE0EFD92D987" blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[153,523,411,432]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">14. Metanotal groove well-developed.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436CFF9CFF6CFE2CFDD5D9DC" blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">15. Petiolar foramen in profile view clearly raised and margined with conspicuous thickened carina or lip.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436CFF9CFF6CFE61FDEDDA10" blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">16. Petiolar node squamiform, tall; dorsoventral height equal to or possibly exceeding dorsum of propodeum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436CFF9CFF6CFDA5FD76DA72" blockId="30.[153,758,172,581]" box="[153,751,560,581]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">17. Abdominal segment III without raised tergosternal fusion.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="143" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,759,618,1863]" box="[151,350,618,640]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">
|
||||
<heading bold="true" box="[151,350,618,640]" fontSize="9" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" reason="6">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,343,618,640]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Notes on definition</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436CFF9CFF62FDFFFE7BDC4C" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436CFF9CFF62FDFFFEC7DAB7" blockId="30.[151,759,618,1863]" box="[151,350,618,640]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFF62FDFFFECEDAB7" bold="true" box="[151,343,618,640]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Notes on definition</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,759,618,1863]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[151,229,649,670]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Note 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436CFF9CFF62FD1CFDF7DB59" blockId="30.[151,759,618,1863]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFF62FD1CFF7CDAA9" box="[151,229,649,670]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Note 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Several characters were not possible to evaluate. These include the following: Reduction of third tooth from mandibular apex, palp formula, the metapleural gland, ventral length of the petiolar foramen, relative separation of the meso- and metacoxae, presence or absence of setal double-row on ventral tibial surfaces, petiolar apodeme conformation, cross-sectional shape of the petiolar sternum, and presence or absence of the posthelcial sulcus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,759,618,1863]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[151,222,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Note 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436CFF9CFF62FCE2FE12DC16" blockId="30.[151,759,618,1863]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFF62FCE2FF47DBBB" box="[151,222,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Note 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
The massive head of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[448,536,887,908]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[448,536,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">P. boreus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFE35FCE2FD81DBBB" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[448,536,887,908]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFE35FCE2FD81DBBB" box="[448,536,887,908]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">P. boreus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
led
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[580,732,887,908]" journalOrPublisher="Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" pagination="1 - 142" part="55" refId="ref39440" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915 1914) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." title="The ants of the Baltic Amber" type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436CFF9CFDB1FCE2FD45DBBB" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[580,732,887,908]" journalOrPublisher="Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" pagination="1 - 142" part="55" refId="ref39440" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915 1914) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." title="The ants of the Baltic Amber" type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
to erroneously assume that the specimens were majors of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Pseudolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFD4AFC00FE92DBFF" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFD4AFC00FE92DBFF" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Pseudolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; Wheeler did note the posteriorly set eyes of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">P. boreus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFD11FC26FF62DBD1" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFD11FC26FF62DBD1" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">P. boreus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, one of the distinctions between it and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" box="[625,751,977,998]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[625,751,977,998]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Pseudolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFD84FC44FD76DBD1" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" box="[625,751,977,998]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFD84FC44FD76DBD1" box="[625,751,977,998]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Pseudolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but vacillated based on the insufficient knowledge of the latter genus at that time.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,759,618,1863]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[151,226,1066,1087]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Note 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436CFF9CFF62FBBFFE7BDC4C" blockId="30.[151,759,618,1863]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFF62FBBFFF7BDC08" box="[151,226,1066,1087]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Note 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
The examined specimens are missing their terminal antennomeres, and no previous descriptions of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[667,757,1096,1117]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[667,757,1096,1117]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">P. boreus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFD6EFBDDFD6CDC6A" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[667,757,1096,1117]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFD6EFBDDFD6CDC6A" box="[667,757,1096,1117]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">P. boreus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
include an antennomere count.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="143" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,759,618,1863]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[170,272,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436CFF9CFF5FFB11FDE9DC81" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436CFF9CFF5FFB11FDE9DC81" blockId="30.[151,759,618,1863]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFF5FFB11FE89DCAE" box="[170,272,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||||
. Asimplification of ‘pseudo-
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" box="[623,749,1156,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[623,749,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Pseudolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFD9AFB11FD74DCAE" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" box="[623,749,1156,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFD9AFB11FD74DCAE" box="[623,749,1156,1177]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Pseudolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
’ inspired by the musician Phil Collins. Masculine.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="143" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,759,618,1863]" lastBlockId="30.[821,1427,172,253]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[170,271,1216,1237]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Comments</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436CFF9CFF5FFB55FAAED8CA" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436CFF9CFF5FFB55FAAED8CA" blockId="30.[151,759,618,1863]" lastBlockId="30.[821,1427,172,253]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFF5FFB55FE96DCE2" box="[170,271,1216,1237]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Comments</emphasis>
|
||||
. †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[305,470,1216,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreus" status="comb.nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[305,470,1216,1237]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Sussudio boreus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFEC4FB55FE4FDCE2" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[305,470,1216,1237]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFEC4FB55FE4FDCE2" box="[305,470,1216,1237]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Sussudio boreus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[486,588,1215,1237]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[486,588,1215,1237]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" rank="species">comb.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFE13FB2AFDD5DCE2" bold="true" box="[486,588,1215,1237]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D6436CFF9CFE13FB2AFDD5DCE2" box="[486,588,1215,1237]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" rank="species">comb.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
was previously placed in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[278,344,1245,1266]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFEE3FB48FEC1DCC5" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[278,344,1245,1266]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Emery, C." box="[356,481,1245,1266]" journalOrPublisher="Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" pagination="1 - 302" part="183" refId="ref33484" refString="Emery, C. (1925) Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum, 183, 1 - 302." title="Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae" type="journal article" year="1925">Emery, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436CFF9CFE91FB48FE78DCC5" author="Emery, C." box="[356,481,1245,1266]" journalOrPublisher="Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" pagination="1 - 302" part="183" refId="ref33484" refString="Emery, C. (1925) Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Formicinae. Genera Insectorum, 183, 1 - 302." title="Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae" type="journal article" year="1925">Emery, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Dlussky, G. M. & Fedoseeva, E. B." bookContentInfo="232 pp." box="[491,753,1245,1266]" editor="Ponomarenko, A. G." journalOrPublisher="Moskva: Nauka" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" pagination="70 - 144" refId="ref33007" refString="Dlussky, G. M. & Fedoseeva, E. B. (1988) Origin and early stages of evolution in ants [in Russian]. Pp. 70 - 144 in: Ponomarenko, A. G. (ed.) Cretaceous Biocenotic Crisis and Insect Evolution. [in Russian.]. Moskva: Nauka, 232 pp." title="Origin and early stages of evolution in ants" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Cretaceous Biocenotic Crisis and Insect Evolution" year="1988">Dlussky & Fedoseeva 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436CFF9CFE1EFB48FD68DCC5" author="Dlussky, G. M. & Fedoseeva, E. B." bookContentInfo="232 pp." box="[491,753,1245,1266]" editor="Ponomarenko, A. G." journalOrPublisher="Moskva: Nauka" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" pagination="70 - 144" refId="ref33007" refString="Dlussky, G. M. & Fedoseeva, E. B. (1988) Origin and early stages of evolution in ants [in Russian]. Pp. 70 - 144 in: Ponomarenko, A. G. (ed.) Cretaceous Biocenotic Crisis and Insect Evolution. [in Russian.]. Moskva: Nauka, 232 pp." title="Origin and early stages of evolution in ants" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Cretaceous Biocenotic Crisis and Insect Evolution" year="1988">Dlussky & Fedoseeva 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bolton, B." bookContentInfo="p. 222" box="[151,281,1275,1296]" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" refId="ref31447" refString="Bolton, B. (1994) Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World, p. 222. Harvard University Press, Cambridge." title="Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World" type="book" year="1994">Bolton, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436CFF9CFF62FB6EFE80DD27" author="Bolton, B." bookContentInfo="p. 222" box="[151,281,1275,1296]" journalOrPublisher="Harvard University Press, Cambridge" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" refId="ref31447" refString="Bolton, B. (1994) Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World, p. 222. Harvard University Press, Cambridge." title="Identification Guide to the Ant Genera of the World" type="book" year="1994">Bolton, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and has been considered to be a member of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" box="[213,339,1305,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[213,339,1305,1326]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Pseudolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFF20FA8CFECADD19" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" box="[213,339,1305,1326]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFF20FA8CFECADD19" box="[213,339,1305,1326]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Pseudolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[351,495,1305,1326]" journalOrPublisher="Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" pagination="1 - 142" part="55" refId="ref39440" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915 1914) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." title="The ants of the Baltic Amber" type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436CFF9CFEAAFA8CFE76DD19" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[351,495,1305,1326]" journalOrPublisher="Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" pagination="1 - 142" part="55" refId="ref39440" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915 1914) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." title="The ants of the Baltic Amber" type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="LaPolla, J. S. & Dlussky, G. M." box="[504,747,1305,1326]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" pagination="258 - 273" part="112" refId="ref35305" refString="LaPolla, J. S. & Dlussky, G. M. (2010) Review of fossil Prenolepis genus-group species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 112, 258 - 273." title="Review of fossil Prenolepis genus-group species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">LaPolla & Dlussky, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436CFF9CFE0DFA8CFD72DD19" author="LaPolla, J. S. & Dlussky, G. M." box="[504,747,1305,1326]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" pagination="258 - 273" part="112" refId="ref35305" refString="LaPolla, J. S. & Dlussky, G. M. (2010) Review of fossil Prenolepis genus-group species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 112, 258 - 273." title="Review of fossil Prenolepis genus-group species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">LaPolla & Dlussky, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Based on an examination of a syntype (GZG-BST04646) and a nontype (NHMW1984-31-211) worker, as well as the original description from
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[323,479,1394,1415]" journalOrPublisher="Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" pagination="1 - 142" part="55" refId="ref39440" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915 1914) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." title="The ants of the Baltic Amber" type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436CFF9CFEB6FAE7FE46DDB0" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[323,479,1394,1415]" journalOrPublisher="Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" pagination="1 - 142" part="55" refId="ref39440" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915 1914) The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Okonomischen Gesellschaft zu Konigsberg, 55, 1 - 142." title="The ants of the Baltic Amber" type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, we reject both placements. Neither specimen can be mistaken due to the unique combination of characters they display, including setation, high petiolar nodes, massive crania, and mesosomal form. †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[601,757,1484,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[601,757,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Sussudio boreus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFDACFA59FD6CDDD6" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[601,757,1484,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFDACFA59FD6CDDD6" box="[601,757,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Sussudio boreus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
does not display the modifications of the third abdominal segment characteristic of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[459,562,1544,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[459,562,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFE3EF99DFDABDE2A" box="[459,562,1544,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFE3EF99DFDABDE2A" box="[459,562,1544,1565]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group, also rejecting its original placement in
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" box="[481,607,1573,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[481,607,1573,1594]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Pseudolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFE14F9B0FDC6DE0D" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" box="[481,607,1573,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFE14F9B0FDC6DE0D" box="[481,607,1573,1594]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Pseudolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see diagnostic Note 2 above). †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[316,401,1603,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[316,401,1603,1624]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Sussudio</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFEC9F9D6FE08DE6F" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[316,401,1603,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFEC9F9D6FE08DE6F" box="[316,401,1603,1624]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Sussudio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is excluded from the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[617,683,1603,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFD9CF9D6FD32DE6F" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[617,683,1603,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
overall by two additional characters: (i) The petiolar node, which is completely vertical and very tall dorsoventrally, is as tall as or possibly taller than the propodeum; and (ii) the raised and conspicuously lipped petiolar foramen. No lasiine, extant or extinct, has such a tall petiolar node, nor do any species display the petiolar foramen conformation observed in †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[627,712,1782,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[627,712,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Sussudio</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFD86F963FD51DF3C" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[627,712,1782,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFD86F963FD51DF3C" box="[627,712,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Sussudio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. We cannot confidently place †
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[412,497,1812,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[412,497,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Sussudio</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFE69F881FE68DF1E" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[412,497,1812,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFE69F881FE68DF1E" box="[412,497,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">Sussudio</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in any extant tribe, therefore, we consider †
|
||||
<emphasis box="[342,570,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus, 2022" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[342,427,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="incertae sedis">Sussudio</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[435,570,1842,1863]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">incertae sedis</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436CFF9CFEA3F8A7FDA3DF70" box="[342,570,1842,1863]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFEA3F8A7FE32DF70" authority="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus, 2022" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[342,427,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Sussudio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="incertae sedis">Sussudio</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D6436CFF9CFE46F8A7FDA3DF70" box="[435,570,1842,1863]" pageId="30" pageNumber="143">incertae sedis</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" box="[643,755,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicinae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFD76F8A7FD6ADF70" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" box="[643,755,1842,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. As with other fossil taxa, which are of uncertain placement in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" box="[858,969,202,223]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicinae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436CFF9CFCAFFF5FFC50D8E8" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" box="[858,969,202,223]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, micro-CT scanning could be used to evaluate the form of the helcium and third abdominal sternum.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
125
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<mods:title id="866F98A737AA76456CC9907BEAD8C8EA">Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="C93B9DC402EDDBBA2F1FA26D0B4ADCAB">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="CC805F7222544EB9A9B4BA1F1A7778C3">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03B987A9436FFF9FFCA4FC53FAEDDDA9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A9436FFF9FFCA4FC53FAEDDDA9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A9436FFF9FFCA4FC53FAEDDDA9" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
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<subSubSection id="C30A6534436FFF9FFCA4FC53FB0ADBEB" box="[849,1171,966,988]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFCA4FC53FB0ADBEB" blockId="29.[830,1437,276,1618]" box="[849,1171,966,988]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
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<heading id="D0E781D3436FFF9FFCA4FC53FB0ADBEB" box="[849,1171,966,988]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFCA4FC53FB0ADBEB" bold="true" box="[849,1171,966,988]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFCA4FC53FC40DBEC" bold="true" box="[849,985,966,987]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Incertae sedis</emphasis>
|
||||
in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFBEAFC53FB0ADBEB" ID-CoL="JKW" ID-ENA="7479" authority="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" box="[1055,1171,966,988]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436FFF9FFCA4FC70FAEDDDA9" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFCA4FC70FAEDDDA9" blockId="29.[830,1437,276,1618]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFCA4FC70FC17DBCD" box="[849,910,997,1018]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Genus</emphasis>
|
||||
†
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFC5BFC70FB87DBCD" authorityName="Grimaldi & Agosti" authorityYear="2000" box="[942,1054,997,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Kyromyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC5BFC70FB87DBCD" box="[942,1054,997,1018]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Kyromyrma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Comparative morphological study of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFC99FB96FC45DC2F" authorityName="Grimaldi & Agosti" authorityYear="2000" box="[876,988,1027,1048]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Kyromyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC99FB96FC45DC2F" box="[876,988,1027,1048]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Kyromyrma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(∼92 Ma, New Jersey amber;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFAD0FB97FC22DC02" author="Grimaldi, D. & Agosti, D." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" pagination="13678 - 13683" part="97" refId="ref34053" refString="Grimaldi, D. & Agosti, D. (2000) A formicine in New Jersey Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and early evolution of the ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America, 97, 13678 - 13683." title="A formicine in New Jersey Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and early evolution of the ants" type="journal article" year="2000">Grimaldi & Agosti, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) at the gross (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436FFF9FFBB6FBB5FB08DC02" box="[1091,1169,1056,1077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,184,1627,1647]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,226,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-8@18.[156,1423,225,1597]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the extant species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in full-face view; scale bars = 0.5 mm. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (MNHNB25217); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975370/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Figs 8L</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436FFF9FFB6EFBB5FB23DC02" box="[1179,1210,1056,1077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">9K</figureCitation>
|
||||
) and fine scales reveals considerable morphological affinity to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFB4DFBAAFB6FDC63" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[1208,1270,1087,1108]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFB4DFBAAFB6FDC63" box="[1208,1270,1087,1108]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(holotype examined at AMNH). In the original description of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFAD3FBC8FA0FDC45" authorityName="Grimaldi & Agosti" authorityYear="2000" box="[1318,1430,1117,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Kyromyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFAD3FBC8FA0FDC45" box="[1318,1430,1117,1138]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Kyromyrma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the authors did not address the problem of within-subfamily placement, merely noting that ‘the fossil bears an overall resemblance to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFC2CFB22FBADDCFB" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1892" box="[985,1076,1207,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC2CFB22FBADDCFB" box="[985,1076,1207,1228]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Prolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, mostly by virtue of the generalized morphology’ (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFC3FFB40FB5CDCDD" author="Grimaldi, D. & Agosti, D." box="[970,1221,1237,1258]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" pagination="13678 - 13683" part="97" refId="ref34053" refString="Grimaldi, D. & Agosti, D. (2000) A formicine in New Jersey Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and early evolution of the ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America, 97, 13678 - 13683." title="A formicine in New Jersey Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and early evolution of the ants" type="journal article" year="2000">Grimaldi & Agosti, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, p. 13681). Our combined evidence analyses resulted in ambiguous support for the placement of †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFC2DFA84FBD1DD11" authorityName="Grimaldi & Agosti" authorityYear="2000" box="[984,1096,1297,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Kyromyrma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC2DFA84FBD1DD11" box="[984,1096,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Kyromyrma</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with the genus being recovered as sister to the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFC2EFABAFB80DD73" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[987,1049,1327,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC2EFABAFB80DD73" box="[987,1049,1327,1348]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436FFF9FFB59FABAFA88DD73" box="[1196,1297,1327,1348]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="12.[151,184,1363,1383]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,172,1332]" captionTargetId="figure-8@12.[157,1422,172,1332]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig. 5. Results of the BioGeoBEARS and life-history trait ancestral state estimation analyses on a chronogram pruned from the analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals from the divergence dating. Coloured circles on nodes are inferred inherited biogeographic ranges, with the top half of each corresponding to the upper branch and bottom half with the lower branch; coloured circles at branch tips represent biogeographical coding for terminal; dashed lines at 60 and 30 Ma indicate the boundaries of the three BioGeoBEARS dispersal rate matrix time periods. Coloured boxes at branch tips represent presence or absence of two traits for Lasius: temporary social parasitism (black = absence, red = presence) and fungiculture (black = absence, green = presence). Stars on internal branches indicate the evolution of temporary social parasitism (red) and fungiculture (green) The figure background indicates generalized major climatological regimes during Earth’s history (Royer et al., 2004; Zachos et al., 2008; Hansen et al., 2013), while the inset globes visually represent palaeoclimate and landmass configuration modified from Scotese (1998)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975362/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Figure S5</figureCitation>
|
||||
), sister to the core
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFC9AFAD8FC28DD55" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[879,945,1357,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436FFF9FFC35FAD8FBB5DD55" box="[960,1068,1357,1378]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[151,184,1627,1647]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,226,1596]" captionTargetId="figure-8@18.[156,1423,225,1597]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 8. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the extant species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in full-face view; scale bars = 0.5 mm. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (MNHNB25217); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975370" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975370/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Figures S8</figureCitation>
|
||||
, S
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436FFF9FFBB3FAD8FBCADD55" box="[1094,1107,1357,1378]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">9</figureCitation>
|
||||
), sister to all
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFB29FAD8FA87DD55" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1244,1310,1357,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436FFF9FFAD8FAD8FA09DD55" box="[1325,1424,1357,1378]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Figure S7</figureCitation>
|
||||
), or sister to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFC44FAFEFB87DDB7" baseAuthorityName="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau" box="[945,1054,1387,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="150" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Formicinae">Formicinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
exclusive of Myrmelachistini (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436FFF9FFAA6FAFEFA09DDB7" box="[1363,1424,1387,1408]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,184,1709,1729]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Results from phylogenetic analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset analyzed with MrBayes using the fossilized birth-death branch length prior and the IGR clock variation prior. Fossil taxa are indicated by a dagger preceding the name. Node support values are in Bayesian posterior probability. Filled circles indicate full support. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975358/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Statistical support for these placements was uniformly low.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
333
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Normal file
333
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
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<mods:titleInfo id="96DD603752FED7D74E4E3BEDE32D86C8">
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<mods:title id="7BF069F4D6A5FA0FA8D76D7839073665">Phylogeny, evolution, and classification of the ant genus Lasius, the tribe Lasiini and the subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D7EDCF5E15832AAD2A2F15FB3A6BA2A0">Boudinot, Brendon E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C33AFED157C1CA54AD885DE3B06558E9">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Spezielle Zoologie, Jena, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="25EAAF3A931E2AE661F3CB449B386138">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A7C374C290DCB9E774F0DAFF9E5991DA">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A. & Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow ID, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F8AE328DB22A3CB50E5EF22D5730DE67">Prebus, Matthew M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B289DCF470A8299BF05157315A9E11B9">Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis CA, U. S. A. & School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="607D7E8E147B32865FE5A72A52BFE0E0" type="email">mprebus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="2EF3D022CE8CBA5D7EF8D5BA06375DC1">Systematic Entomology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A8E3625C1A927886144909E9844385FB">
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<mods:date id="47C700CBB6C8C176406C8172A54DCFF4">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1A790E136BE8030627D8EE5885848591">2022-01-10</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="550D074B747C0F0711D9776E1C8E2C17">journal article</mods:classification>
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</mods:mods>
|
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<treatment id="03B987A9436FFF9FFF46FF7DFAEDDB8A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B987A9436FFF9FFF46FF7DFAEDDB8A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B987A9436FFF9FFF46FF7DFAEDDB8A" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436FFF9FFF46FF7DFE59D8CA" box="[179,448,232,254]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF46FF7DFE59D8CA" blockId="29.[161,767,172,344]" box="[179,448,232,254]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<heading id="D0E781D3436FFF9FFF46FF7DFE59D8CA" box="[179,448,232,254]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF46FF7DFE59D8CA" bold="true" box="[179,448,232,254]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
Genus group of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFEA2FF7DFE59D8CA" ID-CoL="6VK5" authority="(Mayr, 1861)" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1861" box="[343,448,232,253]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFEA2FF7DFE59D8CA" bold="true" box="[343,448,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436FFF9FFF46FE92FDDFD90D" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" type="taxon_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF46FE92FDDFD90D" blockId="29.[161,767,172,344]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF46FE92FEF0D92B" box="[179,361,263,284]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Genera included.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFE88FE92FF76D90D" authority=", Nylanderia, Paraparatrechina" authorityName="Nylanderia, Paraparatrechina" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFE88FE92FE65D92B" box="[381,508,263,284]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Euprenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFDE3FE92FD1BD92B" box="[534,642,263,284]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Nylanderia</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFD69FE92FF76D90D" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Paraparatrechina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFF0EFEB0FEEED90D" authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[251,375,293,314]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF0EFEB0FEEED90D" box="[251,375,293,314]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Paratrechina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFE76FEB0FDDFD90D" authority=", Zatania." box="[387,582,293,314]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFE76FEB0FE73D90D" box="[387,490,293,314]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFE03FEB0FDD9D90D" box="[502,576,293,314]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Zatania</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436FFF9FFF46FED6FEBBDE24" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF46FED6FEEBD96F" blockId="29.[161,767,172,344]" box="[179,370,323,344]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF46FED6FEF5D96F" box="[179,364,323,344]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Definition (worker)</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF5BFE13FE52D9AC" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" box="[174,459,390,411]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
1. With characters of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFE77FE13FE51D9AC" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[386,456,390,411]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF5BFE31FE5BD98E" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" box="[174,450,420,441]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">2. Mandible with 4–7 teeth.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF5BFE57FEBBD9C2" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">3. Palp formula variable: 6,4; 4,4 3,4; 5,3; 4,3; 3,3; 2,3; 2,2 (Note 1).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF5BFE6BFE4ADA06" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
4.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF39FE6BFE55DA06" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Basal and masticatory mandibular margins usually meeting at a strongly oblique angle</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF5BFDAFFD6FDA5A" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
5. Clypeus modified for reception of labrum (specifically, clypeus with anterolateral notches; Note 1 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFD8AFDCCFD71DA59" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[639,744,601,622]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFD8AFDCCFD71DA59" box="[639,744,601,622]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF5BFDE3FE08DA9D" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
6. Frontalcarinae conspicuous,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFE13FDE3FE6FDABB" box="[486,502,630,652]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">></emphasis>
|
||||
0.5 × anteroposteriorantennal torulus diameter.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF5BFD26FE6DDAD1" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">7. Frontal region of head between antennal toruli flat, frontal carinae not raised above toruli.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF5BFD7AFE49DB33" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" box="[174,464,751,772]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">8. Antenna 11- or 12-merous.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF5BFC98FEDADB77" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
9. Third antennomere usually longer than broad (see Note 3 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFF39FCBEFEACDB77" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[204,309,811,832]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF39FCBEFEACDB77" box="[204,309,811,832]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FCDCFD73DB4B" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
10. Compound eyes usually at about head midlength, sometimes set posteriorly (see Note 3 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFDD4FCFDFDC6DB4A" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[545,607,872,893]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFDD4FCFDFDC6DB4A" box="[545,607,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FC13FE2CDBAC" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" box="[162,437,902,923]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">11. Ocelli present or absent.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FC31FDB3DB8E" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" box="[162,554,932,953]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">12. Dorsum of head with standing setae.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FC57FDFFDBC2" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">13. Mesonotum, metanotum and/or propodeum discontinuous, metanotum usually differentiated (Note 2).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FC6BFE36DC5A" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
14. Mesopleuron anterodorsal margin, near posterolateral region of pronotum, usually without raised boss nor with narrow or broad groove traversing the mesosternum (Note 5 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFF13FBCCFEBDDC59" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[230,292,1113,1134]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF13FBCCFEBDDC59" box="[230,292,1113,1134]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Lasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus group).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FBE3FD7ADC9D" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
15. Metapleural gland very small, orifice directed completely to nearly completely posteriorly (Note 5 of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFD99FB00FD4CDC9D" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" box="[620,725,1173,1194]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Metalasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFD99FB00FD4CDC9D" box="[620,725,1173,1194]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Metalasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FB26FD42DCFF" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" box="[162,731,1203,1224]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">16. Propodeal spiracle situated in lower 2/3 of propodeum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FB44FDBEDCD1" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" box="[162,551,1233,1254]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">17. Legs with or without standing setae.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FB7AFD54DD33" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" box="[162,717,1263,1284]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
18.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF39FB7AFD5FDD33" box="[204,710,1263,1284]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Petiole with very low node and posteriorly elongated</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FA98FE23DD69" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
19.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF39FA98FDCBDD15" box="[204,594,1293,1314]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Abdominal tergum III inclined anteriorly</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFDA8FA98FE3ADD77" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">with deep groove for reception of petiole</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFE5BFABEFE2ADD69" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">concealing most of petiole in dorsal view when gaster raised</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FAF2FDF6DD8E" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
20.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF39FAFDFE11DDAC" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Abdominal tergum III with complete tergosternal fusion adjacent to helcium</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFE61FA13FD50DDAC" box="[404,713,1414,1435]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">and fusion raised anterodorsally</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFD20FA13FDF1DD8E" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">with sclerites becoming free high up on segment</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF57FA57FEBBDE24" blockId="29.[162,767,390,1555]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
21.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF39FA57FD61DDE0" box="[204,760,1474,1495]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Pubescence of abdominal terga VI and VII often dense</emphasis>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF39FA75FD67DDC2" box="[204,766,1504,1525]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">forming a uniform layer of short and strongly curved setae</emphasis>
|
||||
(Note 3).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30A6534436FFF9FFF54F9D5FAEDDB8A" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF54F9D5FEFEDE61" blockId="29.[161,767,1600,1863]" box="[161,359,1600,1622]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF54F9D5FEF9DE61" bold="true" box="[161,352,1600,1622]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Notes on definition</emphasis>
|
||||
:
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF54F9CAFDF6DF3D" blockId="29.[161,767,1600,1863]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF54F9CAFF76DE43" box="[161,239,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Note 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
The palp formula of most genera is 6,4. Most
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFF30F9E8FEDDDEA5" authorityName="Emery" box="[197,324,1661,1682]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF30F9E8FEDDDEA5" box="[197,324,1661,1682]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Euprenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, however, have a palpomere count of 3,4, with the exception of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFE66F90EFD85DE87" box="[403,540,1691,1712]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">E. negrosensis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Wheeler), which has a 4,4 count. The count is variable in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFDEFF92CFD01DEF9" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1887" box="[538,664,1721,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudolasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFDEFF92CFD01DEF9" box="[538,664,1721,1742]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Pseudolasius</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, while the count in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFEEAF94DFE51DEDA" box="[287,456,1752,1773]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Paraparatrechina</emphasis>
|
||||
, particularly the
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFD83F94DFD29DEDA" box="[630,688,1752,1773]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">weissi</emphasis>
|
||||
species group, is also reduced (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFE56F960FDFCDF3D" author="LaPolla, J. S. & Brady, S. G. & Shattuck, S. O." box="[419,613,1781,1803]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" pagination="118 - 131" part="35" refId="ref35258" refString="LaPolla, J. S., Brady, S. G. & Shattuck, S. O. (2010) Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 35, 118 - 131." title="Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||||
LaPolla
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFE00F963FDBCDF3C" box="[501,549,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2010
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFF54F881FEFDDF70" blockId="29.[161,767,1600,1863]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFF54F881FF7FDF1E" box="[161,230,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Note 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
The metanotum of many but not all
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFDB5F881FD70DF1E" box="[576,745,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Paraparatrechina</emphasis>
|
||||
is undifferentiated.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFCCBFF39FA02D8CA" blockId="29.[830,1436,172,253]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFCCBFF39FC1FD8F6" box="[830,902,172,193]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Note 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
These setae may or may not completely cover tergum VI. Absence of this characteristic pubescence occurs in and may be a synapomorphy of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFB99FF7DFB72D8CA" authorityName="Emery" box="[1132,1259,232,253]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Euprenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFB99FF7DFB72D8CA" box="[1132,1259,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Euprenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFAECFF7DFA0CD8CA" authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[1305,1429,232,253]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFAECFF7DFA0CD8CA" box="[1305,1429,232,253]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Paratrechina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BAF36BF436FFF9FFCA4FE81FAEDDB8A" blockId="29.[830,1437,276,1618]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFCA4FE81FBD8D91E" box="[849,1089,276,297]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
Comments.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFC30FE81FBD8D91E" authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[965,1089,276,297]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paratrechina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
has recently expanded from a single species to six (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFBFCFEA7FB47D970" author="LaPolla, J. S. & Brady, S. G. & Shattuck, S. O." box="[1033,1246,306,327]" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" pagination="118 - 131" part="35" refId="ref35258" refString="LaPolla, J. S., Brady, S. G. & Shattuck, S. O. (2010) Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 35, 118 - 131." title="Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Prenolepis genus-group of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||||
LaPolla
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFB97FEA7FB03D970" box="[1122,1178,306,327]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
, 2010
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFB1AFEA7FABBD970" author="LaPolla, J. S. & Hawkes, P. G. & Fisher, J. N." box="[1263,1314,306,327]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" pagination="71 - 82" part="35" refId="ref35389" refString="LaPolla, J. S., Hawkes, P. G. & Fisher, J. N. (2013) Taxonomic review of the ant genus Paratrechina, with a description of a new species from Africa. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 35, 71 - 82." title="Taxonomic review of the ant genus Paratrechina, with a description of a new species from Africa" type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFAC7FEA7FC21D952" author="LaPolla, J. S. & Fisher, B. L." journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" pagination="35 - 48" part="422" refId="ref35347" refString="LaPolla, J. S. & Fisher, B. L. (2014) Then there were five: a reexamination of the ant genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys, 422, 35 - 48." title="Then there were five: a reexamination of the ant genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2014">LaPolla & Fisher, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFC34FEC5FB58D952" author="Williams, J. L. & LaPolla, J. S." box="[961,1217,336,357]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" pagination="201 - 258" part="4200" refId="ref39470" refString="Williams, J. L. & LaPolla, J. S. (2016) Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the ant genus Prenolepis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 4200, 201 - 258." title="Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the ant genus Prenolepis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2016">Williams & LaPolla, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). One of these recently added species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFC25FEFBFB81D9B4" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[976,1048,366,387]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kohli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC25FEFBFB81D9B4" box="[976,1048,366,387]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">P. kohli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, was originally described in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFADAFEFBFA0FD9B4" box="[1327,1430,366,387]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFADAFEFBFA0FD9B4" box="[1327,1430,366,387]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, transferred to
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC27FE19FBA7D996" box="[978,1086,396,417]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Nylanderia</emphasis>
|
||||
(as a subgenus of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFAE7FE19FA17D996" authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[1298,1422,396,417]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFAE7FE19FA17D996" box="[1298,1422,396,417]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Paratrechina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), back to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFC7AFE3FFC6FD988" box="[911,1014,426,447]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC7AFE3FFC6FD988" box="[911,1014,426,447]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Prenolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and finally to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFB7AFE3FFA92D988" authorityName="Motschoulsky" authorityYear="1863" box="[1167,1291,426,447]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFB7AFE3FFA92D988" box="[1167,1291,426,447]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Paratrechina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(sensu stricto) (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFCB0FE5DFBA5D9EA" author="LaPolla, J. S. & Fisher, B. L." box="[837,1084,456,477]" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" pagination="35 - 48" part="422" refId="ref35347" refString="LaPolla, J. S. & Fisher, B. L. (2014) Then there were five: a reexamination of the ant genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys, 422, 35 - 48." title="Then there were five: a reexamination of the ant genus Paratrechina (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" type="journal article" year="2014">LaPolla & Fisher, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This species stood out from the remainder in its surface sculpturing, eye positioning, color, and mandibular dentition. It was observed during this study that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFCCBFDB7FC11DA00" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[830,904,546,567]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kohli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFCCBFDB7FC11DA00" box="[830,904,546,567]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">P. kohli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has a petiolar node which exceeds propodeal spiracle height, lacks the raised tergosternal fusion of abdominal segment III and posterior elongation of the petiole, and closely resembles species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFC2EFDE9FBD4DAA6" authorityName="Santschi" box="[987,1101,636,657]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anoplolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC2EFDE9FBD4DAA6" box="[987,1101,636,657]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Anoplolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, specifically
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFB26FDE9FADADAA6" box="[1235,1347,636,657]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">A. carinata</emphasis>
|
||||
(Emery) and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC9FFD0FFC51DA98" box="[874,968,666,687]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">A. tenella</emphasis>
|
||||
(Santschi). In addition,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFB4EFD0FFA9CDA98" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1211,1285,666,687]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kohli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFB4EFD0FFA9CDA98" box="[1211,1285,666,687]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">P. kohli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has 11-merous antennae, an undifferentiated metanotum, posteriorly set eyes, and lacks ocelli, as is characteristic of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFB37FD43FC5CDB3E" authority="(Fisher & Bolton, 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Fisher & Bolton" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anoplolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFB37FD43FAADDADC" box="[1218,1332,726,747]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Anoplolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFAB6FD43FC27DB3E" author="Fisher, B. L. & Bolton, B." bookContentInfo="503" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Oakland" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" refId="ref33834" refString="Fisher, B. L. & Bolton, B. (2016) Ants of Africa and Madagascar, a Guide to the Genera, p. 503. University of California Press, Oakland." title="Ants of Africa and Madagascar, a Guide to the Genera" type="book" year="2016">Fisher & Bolton, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. We find in combined analyses that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFAE5FD61FACFDB3E" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1296,1366,756,777]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kohli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFAE5FD61FACFDB3E" box="[1296,1366,756,777]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">P. kohli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
always falls outside of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFBF2FC87FBD0DB10" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1031,1097,786,807]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lasiini">Lasiini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436FFF9FFBAEFC87FB07DB10" box="[1115,1182,786,807]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,184,1709,1729]" captionTargetBox="[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetId="figure-8@10.[157,1422,221,1679]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 4. Results from phylogenetic analysis of the Lasiini_w_outgroups_w_fossils_154t combined morphological and molecular dataset analyzed with MrBayes using the fossilized birth-death branch length prior and the IGR clock variation prior. Fossil taxa are indicated by a dagger preceding the name. Node support values are in Bayesian posterior probability. Filled circles indicate full support. Horizontal blue bars at nodes are 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975358" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975358/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||||
, S
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436FFF9FFB4FFC87FB7DDB10" box="[1210,1252,786,807]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[161,194,1432,1452]" captionTargetBox="[282,1315,173,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-8@17.[281,1316,172,1401]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 7. Some key features of the major clades of the Lasiini. (A) third abdominal tergite modified with dorsoventrally-oriented groove for reception of entire petiole (Pseudolasius breviceps); black line indicates contour of tergum and black ellipse the spiracle; (B) third abdominal tergite receiving only posterior base of petiole (Myrmecocystus mimicus); white line indicates contour of tergum, and white ellipse the spiracle; (C) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae low relative to face (P. breviceps); (D) frontal protuberance and effaced carinae raised dorsally from face (M. mimicus); (E) metapleural gland atrium grossly enlarged (Lasius subumbratus); black lines show larger size of the metapleural gland bulla (lower indicator) as compared to F, and relative to the propodeal spiracle (upper indicator) and space between the spiracle and bulla (middle portion); (F) metapleural gland atrium small (Lasius turcicus); black lines show smaller size of metapleural gland bulla as compared to E, and relative to the propodeal spiracle and space between spiracle and bulla." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975368/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">7–S</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132B2A3A436FFF9FFB11FC87FB68DB10" box="[1252,1265,786,807]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[161,194,1192,1212]" captionTargetBox="[185,1412,173,1160]" captionTargetId="figure-8@19.[184,1413,172,1161]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 9. Gross phenotypic synopsis of the species groups of Lasius, plus two phenotypically similar fossil species; all images in profile view; scale bars = 1.0 mm; scale bar unavailable for K. (A) Lasius brunneus (CASENT0280440); (B) Lasius fuliginosus (CASENT0179898); (C) Lasius nr. niger (CASENT0106128); (D) Lasius nr. atopus (CASENT0234858); (E) Lasius carniolicus (CASENT0280471); (F) Lasius claviger (CASENT0103542); (G) Lasius brevicornis (CASENT0280456); (H) Lasius nearcticus (CASENT0104774); (I) Lasius pallitarsis (CASENT0005405); (J) Lasius aphidicola (CASENT0280468); (K) †Lasius schiefferdeckeri (HJF013); (L) †Kyromyrma neffi (AMNH-NJ1029). (Image credits: D = the authors; AntWeb: A = Will Ericson; B = Erin Prado; C = Michael Branstetter; E, G, J = Shannon Hartman; F, H = April Nobile; I = unknown; K = Vincent Perrichot; L = Dave Grimaldi & Vincent Perrichot.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5975374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5975374/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">9</figureCitation>
|
||||
). For these morphological and phylogenetic reasons, we transfer the species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFCCBFCDBFC11DB54" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[830,904,846,867]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kohli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFCCBFCDBFC11DB54" box="[830,904,846,867]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">P. kohli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFC5EFCDBFB84DB54" baseAuthorityName="Fisher & Bolton" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[939,1053,846,867]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Anoplolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC5EFCDBFB84DB54" box="[939,1053,846,867]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">Anoplolepis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the Plagiolepidini, forming
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFAA5FCDBFC22DBB6" authority="(Forel, 1916)" authorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Boudinot & Borowiec & Prebus" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Paratrechina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kohli" status="comb. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFAA5FCDBFA05DB54" box="[1360,1436,846,867]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">A. kohli</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF814B4E436FFF9FFCB0FCF9FC2DDBB6" author="Forel, A." box="[837,948,876,897]" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" pagination="397 - 460" part="24" refId="ref34016" refString="Forel, A. (1916) Fourmis du Congo et d'autres provenances recoltees par MM. Hermann Kohl, Luja, Mayne, etc. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 24, 397 - 460." title="Fourmis du Congo et d'autres provenances recoltees par MM. Hermann Kohl, Luja, Mayne, etc" type="journal article" year="1916">Forel, 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFC35FCF9FBBFDBB5" bold="true" box="[960,1062,876,898]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25757D6436FFF9FFC35FCF9FBBFDBB5" box="[960,1062,876,898]" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" rank="species">comb.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
(tribal transfer). Expanded sampling of male characters may improve placement of the fossil taxon †
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C104D3C436FFF9FFA7EFC1EFC08DB89" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Prenolepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henschei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B964EAAD436FFF9FFA7EFC1EFC08DB89" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="142">P. henschei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with respect to the remainder of the genus group.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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