515 lines
71 KiB
XML
515 lines
71 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="9C127B71574E3DF763F5610B88B9C282">The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E4CBD4B1B40BBA775353506B0BA3EECE">Giron, Jennifer C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BF049DBA7DC8480269BC82E37D2E4B06">Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA & Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A2584D07A9E2EC711BFB84E1C467EFE2" type="email">entiminae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="1C2878E990081A6A31029ED1E67B8A82">Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="50933644B6E4321DBF252A94062D2B8C">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="B2B3C0ED78DC6FAD8441E37846ABAE57">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AF5CE680F212DA1DAD94A721AD67D5D6">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="691A14D47234D37E43742D58EE233E5F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182959275" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:691A14D47234D37E43742D58EE233E5F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/691A14D47234D37E43742D58EE233E5F" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Hydrophilidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Acidocerinae">
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<subSubSection id="668FEB792D49B1CEBF5C569A5119C3F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4A24114E741C886FA7B5CD2D6A1EC2CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="5AE02E4F447D259C3462F4619CF9692B" ID-CoL="8XKLV" authority="Kuwert, 1890" authorityName="Kuwert" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crephelochares Kuwert, 1890</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="6E263115B7A02108F46AA5839E35C7E8" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Variation across Acidocerinae, dorsal and lateral views A Colossochares ellipticus B Peltochares sp. C Peltochares conspicuus D Aulonochares tubulus E Helochares sp. F Helochares tristis G Novochares sp. H Helopeltarium ferrugineum I Batochares sp. J Helobata larvalis K Radicitus sp. L Nanosaphes tricolor M Agraphydrus cf. attenuatus N Tobochares luteomargo O Tobochares sulcatus P Quadriops similaris Q Crucisternum ouboteri R Primocerus neutrum S Agraphydrus coomani T Agraphydrus sp. U Globulosis flavus V Crephelochares nitescens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557400" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1V</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="88F81BA44CA85228E4DA6BAC337C59FB" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylogeny of the Acidocerinae simplified from Short et al. (2021), indicating the distribution, preferred habitat, and currently described number of species for each genus. For habitat, filled black circles indicate that at least some species of the genus are commonly found in this habitat; light grey circles indicate the genus has been found in this habitat, but is rare or not typical for the group; white circles indicate no species have been recorded for the genus in this habitat." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557401" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="51F0F713DB760F9A832748CCB0290183" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Known distribution of genera of Acidocerinae: Acidocerus, Agraphydrus, Aulonochares, Batochares, Chasmogenus, Colossochares, and Crephelochares." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557403" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="0AACF194BA6CEB77934DBFF230901965" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Head of miscellaneous Acidocerinae A-D anterolateral view: A Tobochares luteomargo with white arrow pointing to straight anterior margin of eye B Tobochares emarginatus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus emarginating anterior margin of eye C Quadriops politus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus fully dividing the eye in dorsal and ventral faces D Batochares sp. black arrow pointing to transverse carina on labrum E-L dorsal view of head: E Batochares sp. F Helochares tristis G Crephelochares nitescens, H Chasmogenus australis with black arrow pointing to preclypeal membrane I Colossochares ellipticus J Aulonochares tubulus K Peltochares conspicuus L Helobata larvalis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557410" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 11G</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="CC8AB0F377773820793C195901BC11E2" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Aedeagi of Colossochares and Crephelochares spp. A Colossochares ellipticus B Crephelochares szeli C Crephelochares sp. (Australia) D Crephelochares abnormalis (Thailand). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557426" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 27B-D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="05851064F14A3360D4356A5247F14716" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Habitus Crephelochares spp. A-C Crephelochares nitescens: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D Crephelochares cf. patrizii (image from Bird et al. 2017). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557427" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 28</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="5C1FFB291D9EC24A9D5026AED25C69DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3B1442B89FE70EF1140129F2A6B274D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="DBE5C82C747094797DCCF3B6B3A7D6D3" authority="" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares (Crephelochares)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Crephelochares">Helochares (Crephelochares)</taxonomicName>
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Kuwert, 1890a: 38.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3EAC888A5E52D7A67F90E91C3CDB1DED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="1CD320AA65EACBAF70ECD2BA6649938C" authority="" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares (Crepidelochares)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Crepidelochares">Helochares (Crepidelochares)</taxonomicName>
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Ganglbauer, 1904: 248 [unjustified emendation of
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<taxonomicName id="3B8476D5316A705F6FA52776CEEC6D92" authorityName="Kuwert" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crephelochares</taxonomicName>
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Kuwert, 1890].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A8997D71DC1360F8387105354CA758EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||
<taxonomicName id="7CA389EFB80DC5FC075795C983FBCDDA" authority="" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares (Chasmogenus)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Chasmogenus">Helochares (Chasmogenus)</taxonomicName>
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Kuwert;
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<bibRefCitation id="275BC7668B19F2B00D0C5B3F426945E4" author="d'Orchymont, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="105 - 168" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9486175" refId="B50" refString="d'Orchymont, A, 1919c. Contribution a l'etude des sous-familles des Sphaeridiinae et des Hydrophilinae (Col. Hydrophilidae). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 88 (1-2): 105 - 168, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9486175" title="Contribution a l'etude des sous-familles des Sphaeridiinae et des Hydrophilinae (Col. Hydrophilidae)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9486175" volume="88" year="1919 c">
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||
<normalizedToken id="4FC84630238521CA53D28CDE57B1DBA6" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
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1919c
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 148 [taxonomic treatment];
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<bibRefCitation id="2F993BCE712467E39742B13D68D7FC39" author="Knisch, A" journalOrPublisher="Junk, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B188" refString="Knisch, A, 1924a. Hydrophilidae. In: Junk W, Schenkling S (Eds) Coleopterorum Catalogus (Vol. 14, part 79). W. Junk, Berlin" title="Hydrophilidae. In: Junk W, Schenkling S (Eds) Coleopterorum Catalogus (Vol. 14, part 79). W." year="1924 a">Knisch 1924a</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 195 [catalog].
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="87B1BA51E35716986D904763FD2539D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC27D35CE6D18A3D54EFEF190FA67B79" authorityName="Kuwert" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crephelochares</taxonomicName>
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Kuwert;
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<bibRefCitation id="CA9E8826783A9179EDAD252CA50D4C54" author="Fernandez, LA" journalOrPublisher="Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="189 - 193" refId="B106" refString="Fernandez, LA, 1986. Consideraciones sobre el genero Chasmogenus Sharp y descripcion de Chasmogenus sapucay sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Neotropica 32: 189 - 193" title="Consideraciones sobre el genero Chasmogenus Sharp y descripcion de Chasmogenus sapucay sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." volume="32" year="1986">
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||
<normalizedToken id="B88EACEE379DD9687470BD6F88C1D042" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
1986
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 148 [junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4A882F251DA4E8605A7F30492BC6F06" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chasmogenus</taxonomicName>
|
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as genus];
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||
<bibRefCitation id="AA8F20719FC6CCCE4EC20F9076992382" author="Hansen, M" journalOrPublisher="Biologiske Skrifter" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 367" refId="B139" refString="Hansen, M, 1991. The hydrophiloid beetles. Phylogeny, classification and a revision of the genera (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Biologiske Skrifter 40: 1 - 367" title="The hydrophiloid beetles. Phylogeny, classification and a revision of the genera (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." volume="40" year="1991">Hansen 1991</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 293 [catalog];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="735713E74CD9D01306FF264F79079CDF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="380 - 395" refId="B274" refString="Short, AEZ, Giron, JC, Toussaint, EFA, 2021. Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America. Systematic Entomology 46 (2): 380 - 395, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" title="Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" volume="46" year="2021">Short et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
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[elevated to generic rank].
|
||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D235FA02D092126DA084DE5B6013AF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1D895DA6784B7DFE96016A3879314563" authority="" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus (Crephelochares)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Crephelochares">Chasmogenus (Crephelochares)</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kuwert;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2DBF9E1E72BFEF99C513CBE9612E7A81" author="Hebauer, F" journalOrPublisher="Acta Coleopterologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="61 - 92" refId="B146" refString="Hebauer, F, 1992. The species of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae). Acta Coleopterologica 8 (2): 61 - 92" title="The species of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)." volume="8" year="1992">Hebauer 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 62 [as subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C140CFCA3357E551F135BC30151A7EBF" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chasmogenus</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="39659943057CDCB28D36A8C09FBA4C44" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="gender">
|
||
<paragraph id="2004CB831E880C1D041964C4099AA438" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gender.</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="7F78D8AE75D9FC4AEA7C841CDF270812" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Masculine.</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EA798E5AC2D087304226EFF8B549C8EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
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||
<paragraph id="03313675F5EF45E976D525DB63337A1A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="856D501B616E2A77507FD36F42AA9569" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2836DEF129F394B972CD7FE67C21D1D4" authorityName="Kuwert" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares livornicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="livornicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8E5D86ED06248B369C091B389FC22658" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares livornicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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Kuwert, 1890: 38; subsequent designation by
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<bibRefCitation id="8E770AA956BB0B371AB7216AE07C2CE0" author="d'Orchymont, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin et Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="154 - 166" refId="B73" refString="d'Orchymont, A, 1939a. Revision des especes du sous-genre Crephelochares d' Helochares. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 79: 154 - 166" title="Revision des especes du sous-genre Crephelochares d' Helochares." volume="79" year="1939 a">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C6269D159BDE3D5BBCC13D4316350273" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
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||
(1939a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 154).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="27AA57872708BBA2104D746BFBB32055" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="809CA06E57C1B467080EAE42FC9614B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="484F222E8230B0DE0922CE624331AE63" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Body length ranging from 2.5-4.8 mm. Body shape oval in dorsal view, dorsoventrally slightly flattened, moderately convex in lateral view, with dorsal outline nearly evenly convex (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5E9DCAA8860B3E90363BBF9BD387B97" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Habitus Crephelochares spp. A-C Crephelochares nitescens: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D Crephelochares cf. patrizii (image from Bird et al. 2017). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557427" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28</figureCitation>
|
||
); surface even and smooth, with usually shallow ground punctation (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8262A5105BA42AA0193C1A3BEAF553F2" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Habitus Crephelochares spp. A-C Crephelochares nitescens: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D Crephelochares cf. patrizii (image from Bird et al. 2017). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557427" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28</figureCitation>
|
||
). Coloration usually dark brown seldom yellowish, uniform across body regions. Head trapezoid (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2794D3CDB56B6993A100330C4CD6D22B" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Head of miscellaneous Acidocerinae A-D anterolateral view: A Tobochares luteomargo with white arrow pointing to straight anterior margin of eye B Tobochares emarginatus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus emarginating anterior margin of eye C Quadriops politus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus fully dividing the eye in dorsal and ventral faces D Batochares sp. black arrow pointing to transverse carina on labrum E-L dorsal view of head: E Batochares sp. F Helochares tristis G Crephelochares nitescens, H Chasmogenus australis with black arrow pointing to preclypeal membrane I Colossochares ellipticus J Aulonochares tubulus K Peltochares conspicuus L Helobata larvalis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557410" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Eyes relatively large, at most only slightly emarginated anteriorly, and not or only slightly projected from outline of head. Clypeus trapezoid, with anterior margin mesally emarginate; membranous preclypeal area visible when clypeus strongly emarginated. Labrum fully exposed. Mentum punctate or punctate laterally and medially obliquely striate; medial surface flat to depressed (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A18068E7320A31D054B5A24FD035FDD7" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Habitus Crephelochares spp. A-C Crephelochares nitescens: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D Crephelochares cf. patrizii (image from Bird et al. 2017). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557427" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28C</figureCitation>
|
||
); anteromedial depression sometimes limited by low transverse carina. Antennae with nine antennomeres, with cupule slightly asymmetric and rounded. Maxillary palps slender, 1.2-1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DA41484E887790D1EE6F44D3610AB6EB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
longer than width of head; maxillary palpomere 4 nearly 0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C91D4DDED8DE6B72EC8C3D1C4A108853" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of maxillary palpomere 3; inner margin of maxillary palpomere 2 nearly straight, and outer margin curved along apical half. Pronotum evenly convex. Elytra with sutural striae, with outer margins slightly flared; ground punctures usually only shallowly marked, serial punctures absent and at least one median row of systematic punctures visible on each elytron (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E4B77A79DD2BA6116159B94A36626A4E" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Habitus Crephelochares spp. A-C Crephelochares nitescens: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D Crephelochares cf. patrizii (image from Bird et al. 2017). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557427" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28</figureCitation>
|
||
). Surface of prosternum usually flat, sometimes tectiform. Posterior elevation of mesoventrite with longitudinal carina; anapleural sutures sinuate, separated at anterior margin by distance similar to slightly shorter than anterior margin of mesepisternum. Metaventrite with posteromesal and posterolateral glabrous patches (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5B40A28CA819FBC2491C46DB1D1DE6EF" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Habitus Crephelochares spp. A-C Crephelochares nitescens: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D Crephelochares cf. patrizii (image from Bird et al. 2017). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557427" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Protibiae with spines of anterior row semi erect, relatively long, thick and sparse; apical spurs of protibiae relatively short and stout, not reaching apex of protarsomere 2. Metafemora with tibial grooves moderately developed; hydrofuge pubescence covering basal 4/5 of anterior surface of metafemora (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9F68EA8C72213ECAD61D8E7C43E45C52" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Habitus Crephelochares spp. A-C Crephelochares nitescens: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D Crephelochares cf. patrizii (image from Bird et al. 2017). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557427" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metatarsomeres 2-4 gradually decreasing in size, with two rows of spines on ventral surface; metatarsomere 2 slightly longer than 5, 5 shorter than 3 and 4 combined. Fifth abdominal ventrite emarginate at apex, with fringe of flat and stout setae. Aedeagus (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DA48640443A0B237AD9ABD4CE5D8992F" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Aedeagi of Colossochares and Crephelochares spp. A Colossochares ellipticus B Crephelochares szeli C Crephelochares sp. (Australia) D Crephelochares abnormalis (Thailand). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557426" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27B-D</figureCitation>
|
||
) with parameres at most only fused at base on dorsal surface; median lobe divided in dorsal and ventral plates; dorsal plate sclerotized along margins, medially membranous, membranes with papillae or denticles along apico-medial region; ventral plate as inverted Y, sometimes accompanied by basal median laminar sclerite; basal piece nearly as long as or longer than ventral length of parameres, always noticeable; gonopore not clearly visible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="720173673FD0875AA1F97EA0490D85DD" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557427" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 28" startId="F28">
|
||
<paragraph id="320437771C97B3446DAC19988422A108" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="5D944EF133E928F845F1738F4045F576" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 28.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0257A2F768994295A79E7CADEA885D43" authorityName="Kuwert" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EBF1E495CBD1FAAEFD8E51E0FCEF6A06" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crephelochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
<emphasis id="D3789A24582897BE0ACB498C4EE358DB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="96DD035A03AED239C5FFF49E8EC42440" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares nitescens" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="C6C1D6F588E998D56E31FBB5F3075FF0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crephelochares nitescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="1BFE11ACD1713AB891206215D459D882" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="85A6662987F096360191BD85CD57624F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="ED556FB531471B535F727B8A1BF0F4A9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
ventral habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="96F2CA8A1AF804F453C4CF4A21A70A3F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4AF0C52B0F24B40A386A5A3A91407719" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares patrizii" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patrizii">
|
||
<emphasis id="50EB994154050739411C9F6086BBD464" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crephelochares cf. patrizii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(image from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A35FC087CBD09B576A53960D2C35AEE9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.656.11622" author="Bird, MS" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="51 - 84" refId="B25" refString="Bird, MS, Bilton, DT, Perissinotto, R, 2017. Diversity and distribution of polyphagan water beetles (Coleoptera) in the Lake St Lucia system, South Africa. ZooKeys 656: 51 - 84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.656.11622" title="Diversity and distribution of polyphagan water beetles (Coleoptera) in the Lake St Lucia system, South Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.656.11622" volume="656" year="2017">Bird et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5A3B00214F86214C56BAEB0346226BCE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="72753057ABFB34602ED473A074CF519F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="43FA5151B001154B76B917915EC6612E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Among Old World acidocerines,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E44AA7C0CA7CC47318D31A4DC18B5C8D" authorityName="Kuwert" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F486DD4934CFB8D0E2EEB7F2FD0A8F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crephelochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique in the presence of sutural stria. The Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DEEDBC3BD8D4D692C054D001C7C5AAAE" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="19BA3993CB56F28D27BB2FF8E0B03600" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the most similar genus, as they both share this character (along with the more distantly related Neotropical genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="036A98F7DB36CDA28DD00C44690E1B0A" authorityName="Giron & Short" authorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Primocerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Primocerus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="45615CA1FF225179762D25D2BBC71A95" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Primocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). They can be differentiated by the number of antennomeres (eight in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FDD3D95274D05F708599D2494D056FC" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1AA16C9891B62ED6F37C2A4F3E0ADA76" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nine in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41F3F6FEA3EC6E4100ADC4622388C366" authorityName="Kuwert" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="02A7A460B9CEDBF001970BE70A2688A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crephelochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and by the form of the aedeagus (trilobed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B33E072452CAE4658439645048301266" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB3FA8B1B192EAC047D47D7791CD1218" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4D8927C30824EE2B7FB436BD652992BD" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Aedeagi of Chasmogenus spp. A C. acuminatus B C. schmits C C. lineatus D, E C. tafelbergensis: D dorsal view E lateral view. Images from Smith and Short 2020. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure25" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557424" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">25</figureCitation>
|
||
; divided and further modified in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5815784372081431C7F328477D332075" authorityName="Kuwert" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A754B0F25154E5BE4B8AA9B0CF27B006" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crephelochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="722EEF1555CEB59989DF84FA7E51CB80" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Aedeagi of Colossochares and Crephelochares spp. A Colossochares ellipticus B Crephelochares szeli C Crephelochares sp. (Australia) D Crephelochares abnormalis (Thailand). Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557426" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27B-D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The configuration of the aedeagus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43F86335C9431886873C72BDC3467FA3" authorityName="Kuwert" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="904042E256D1D44FFD232264D1D0E315" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crephelochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is quite unique in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="543310B5B2555CC746DF7DFE15A06D11" baseAuthorityName="Zaitzev" baseAuthorityYear="1908" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acidocerinae">Acidocerinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, especially because of the configuration of the median lobe and its inner membranes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="202B9EA0CF85C206054FE8EF80C407B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="29132C6195D22EF61FE1BC6B0102C7EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="46C5A3360221066046C58A5D3EF8B23B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="303DDF1A20BEDC67314308C07CBA889E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Afrotropical</emphasis>
|
||
: Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles (Aldabra), Sierra Leone, Somalia, Republic of South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
|
||
<emphasis id="D7B2E36ED33AE2732B8E4918497D69B3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Australasian</emphasis>
|
||
: Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland), Fiji (Vanua Levu, Viti Levu), New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea.
|
||
<emphasis id="F6A349C1F9F0CA9025409E8C95C2C830" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Indo-Malayan</emphasis>
|
||
: Cambodia, China (Guangdong, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Yunnan), Indonesia (Borneo, Java, Papua, Sulawesi, Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.
|
||
<emphasis id="17CCCADE6C65E7E4E7DB80EB54A5070C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Palearctic</emphasis>
|
||
: Bosnia, Croatia, Greece, Israel, Italy, Japan, Serbia and Montenegro, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5BD20CB3400C096A7C3566C850F1A042" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Known distribution of genera of Acidocerinae: Acidocerus, Agraphydrus, Aulonochares, Batochares, Chasmogenus, Colossochares, and Crephelochares." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557403" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4B8ED8E87D404754FFE6DE3240EBEB23" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph id="A956C144CA94DEC66E1CE0C4D00C6E8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="58B30041C6B242CE29877CF74A172A9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="224A1550C176BCCB672673FFCF426C6F" author="Archangelsky, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 207" refId="B4" refString="Archangelsky, M, 1997. Studies on the biology, ecology, and systematics of the immature stages of New World Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia). Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey 12 (1): 1 - 207" title="Studies on the biology, ecology, and systematics of the immature stages of New World Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia)." volume="12" year="1997">Archangelsky (1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 55) reproduced the larval descriptions by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="500035CF44FD51A3F42B58AE7D5F8E5F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" author="Anderson, JME" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="219 - 228" refId="B2" refString="Anderson, JME, 1976. Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory. Australian Journal of Entomology 15 (2): 219 - 228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" title="Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" volume="15" year="1976">Anderson (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who reared larvae from adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3024ABD531863AC0982A59803F90FDD8" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares nitescens" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB902C9E67D52476334C1103C6377D98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crephelochares nitescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="34CF969465DE08ABD2025174D6D87F4F" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares nitescens" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="512EDAE1874D094D68F46EA0E9DCFF4E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares nitescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in laboratory conditions. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ED0B24DEFA6ECCAD4A27EA54A14106B6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" author="Anderson, JME" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="219 - 228" refId="B2" refString="Anderson, JME, 1976. Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory. Australian Journal of Entomology 15 (2): 219 - 228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" title="Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" volume="15" year="1976">Anderson (1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 223), females lay between 18 and 25 eggs, "located below the surface of damp soil, in a mossy hollow constructed by the adult; the hollow was always of the same size and shape and lined inside with loose silk. Eggs were deposited at right angles to base of nest, each covered by strands of fine silk attached to floor, walls and adjacent eggs". The larvae hatch in 5-7 days and are predaceous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D12AAF9133CD0AFC250F44E8C8EB73F7" author="Archangelsky, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 207" refId="B4" refString="Archangelsky, M, 1997. Studies on the biology, ecology, and systematics of the immature stages of New World Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia). Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey 12 (1): 1 - 207" title="Studies on the biology, ecology, and systematics of the immature stages of New World Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia)." volume="12" year="1997">Archangelsky 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 55). "The larvae would not pupate in damp tissue paper, but only in moss. [
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8465EFD08DFF9991BFACA97DD5FB3C35" originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
|
||
]. The larvae pupated naked in the upper moss or in curled decaying leaves" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="609B0E53672263680E0AE09FB6814853" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" author="Anderson, JME" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="219 - 228" refId="B2" refString="Anderson, JME, 1976. Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory. Australian Journal of Entomology 15 (2): 219 - 228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" title="Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" volume="15" year="1976">Anderson 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 223). Complete development lasted 24-33 days.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0EA9C7E4F3B55B7094C6D1F529F9A4AB" author="Fikacek, M" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B112" refString="Fikacek, M, 2003. Commented review of immature stages of World Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia). Bachelor Seminar Work, Charles University, Prague." title="Commented review of immature stages of World Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia). Bachelor Seminar Work, Charles University, Prague." year="2003">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3DCD55C13D47648A496736A513F4C712" originalValue="Fikáček">Fikacek</normalizedToken>
|
||
(2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a diagnosis, pointed out the incompleteness of the descriptions and drawings offered by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8F84F67A05D1599B5D8DAB3181D6FE5B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" author="Anderson, JME" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="219 - 228" refId="B2" refString="Anderson, JME, 1976. Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory. Australian Journal of Entomology 15 (2): 219 - 228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" title="Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" volume="15" year="1976">Anderson (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and commented on the unusualness of the habit of laying eggs on the ground by hydrophilid standards.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B02FA691B20832C2C5F323553CAF3CFA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
As for the adults, ecological information is very scarce. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78C99524DACAA35B9A90EF2C00ECE8F4" author="Hebauer, F" journalOrPublisher="Acta Coleopterologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="61 - 92" refId="B146" refString="Hebauer, F, 1992. The species of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae). Acta Coleopterologica 8 (2): 61 - 92" title="The species of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)." volume="8" year="1992">Hebauer (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DF30D08C9885DA972FE989FAB9D03DF" lsidName="C. livornicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="livornicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="39233A1A951E5E463BED6CFE1A9A0105" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. livornicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kuwert) was collected in stagnant water with decaying plants and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3396AA93A721CDD1A296954C5A4D07B" lsidName="C. orbus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orbus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F050D22E877E3948BF6090F4D075EB41" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. orbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Watanabe) was collected in a rice field. The recently described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F93B7E9C2C8D829C1234B7501B6EAE95" lsidName="C. parorbus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="parorbus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A64F2DA56D48B0713842E4F6E12F8B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. parorbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Jia and Tang) was also recorded from stagnant waters (Jia and Tang 2018).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F99F4208E623D72D80549412DB308176" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="larvae">
|
||
<paragraph id="AB6482A3EE45EF97326098D55B71FC41" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Larvae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B3C6F887788B8F532E16FAF278742721" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The only species for which immature stages are known is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B19171EB6B840625B8C970882FF730D8" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares nitescens" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF63B5D56F78C6F4E4B9C5D15F97A474" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crephelochares nitescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[from Australia; immature stages were originally described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="155E9F19DD3801C54B37B6FCA12C8287" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares nitescens" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0D45F45359E5FE3FCD2EF92EA4907C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares nitescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC1817695E4CAF26449AA1ADCA2C5A75" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" author="Anderson, JME" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="219 - 228" refId="B2" refString="Anderson, JME, 1976. Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory. Australian Journal of Entomology 15 (2): 219 - 228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" title="Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" volume="15" year="1976">Anderson (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F01C3A44FB8EEF7EAB3EA726D60ACE8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" author="Anderson, JME" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="219 - 228" refId="B2" refString="Anderson, JME, 1976. Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory. Australian Journal of Entomology 15 (2): 219 - 228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" title="Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" volume="15" year="1976">Anderson (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the breeding method he used, the eggs and egg case, first and third instar larvae and pupa, as well as the entire life cycle.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D4A5C25EE7A99854A6F5F19E706E7827" author="Archangelsky, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 207" refId="B4" refString="Archangelsky, M, 1997. Studies on the biology, ecology, and systematics of the immature stages of New World Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia). Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey 12 (1): 1 - 207" title="Studies on the biology, ecology, and systematics of the immature stages of New World Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia)." volume="12" year="1997">Archangelsky (1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 55) reproduced
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E0BF3EC28A0373C56D6C5CC9943F38B6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" author="Anderson, JME" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="219 - 228" refId="B2" refString="Anderson, JME, 1976. Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory. Australian Journal of Entomology 15 (2): 219 - 228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" title="Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x" volume="15" year="1976">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4836C7E28BDB9BB14743C0998DED97C0" originalValue="Anderson’s">Anderson's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1976)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
findings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0CA5580D0C0D1531FD96C92F3B203E37" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="taxonomic history">
|
||
<paragraph id="6F88BF36C4CA846711724D644B25785C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomic history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B804F5477D0E91DEF84DB74425D16B95" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8620416DA12C3140999F55AB05512CB6" authorityName="Kuwert" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2A7F74B9C37DDA951708DC03EC84550B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crephelochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11BD96984CAC565A2950E7DE06387375" authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="855E57AA78F72A63F3AD0FD709173336" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Kuwert (1890: 38). In 1904, Ganglbauer established
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8DF522997E2CBE7F8E3A9FABF1943097" authorityName="Ganglbauer" authorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crepidelochares" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crepidelochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ED8379A7519E2E61FE7DCA4389D574C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crepidelochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without justification or explanation. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1C7B69B70F658FB499A1086B3C4971CE" author="d'Orchymont, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="105 - 168" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9486175" refId="B50" refString="d'Orchymont, A, 1919c. Contribution a l'etude des sous-familles des Sphaeridiinae et des Hydrophilinae (Col. Hydrophilidae). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 88 (1-2): 105 - 168, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9486175" title="Contribution a l'etude des sous-familles des Sphaeridiinae et des Hydrophilinae (Col. Hydrophilidae)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9486175" volume="88" year="1919 c">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4DB25B9811A432CA01A3226E7227149C" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1919c
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 148) synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C222B31BC5216D7F6D9F422FEAA9D6B9" authorityName="Kuwert" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C0DBE2B785062AF5304C59F39DA5980D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crephelochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E6659A64A77018307426A7178C326AAF" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AAAAA05703EB42BF31ABBC91F6EFF0F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
keeping
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E96F408B2E965E9E9BE3104BF56E7972" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6F4469D0CCA4B6CEA403DC0E1CC0A225" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9B25D7C7DB12AB2530BAE8BD8940163" authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Helochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B21421D0CB73E7402112CB5507FBCCE1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Helochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In 1986,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="86B81C75987EF0BD63A4F18AABBAB2A6" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
||
reinstated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1586A6FBFB02D44245D0DE1A662F5A19" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1B301558AB3528C746CA8B2135ADC77E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a genus, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="015D49990B6392B7A770BE7C194D1D85" authorityName="Kuwert" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="92CA9BD29CEF4107AD5412A6E06BDDB8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crephelochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym. Subsequent authors alternately either treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9685859C698667D4896142E80200ADC3" authorityName="Kuwert" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2E4B542B17D673874FCB44A02B9EB9B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crephelochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subgenus or junior synonym.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D0A9AC0A9E237C5D628E36EB0A112CA8" author="Hebauer, F" journalOrPublisher="Acta Coleopterologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="61 - 92" refId="B146" refString="Hebauer, F, 1992. The species of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae). Acta Coleopterologica 8 (2): 61 - 92" title="The species of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)." volume="8" year="1992">Hebauer (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
removed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A206262BB6EE621E4CC6315E4821455" authorityName="Kuwert" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="78E55E8AA6468E7BEE6835EDE9CF8150" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crephelochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="718200A50C08421312EC00C9C3DC4E74" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E83C151A8FA283829182C80DA1F8DE8A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and established it as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44CD9515A205829C5EFD3A9FA6A1A28F" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DFB9A4C3C40941D6BADB963F97B126B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, discussing morphological features in support of this view, which he maintained in subsequent works (Hebauer 1995). However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D0AB7379822468AF74CA2AC6EC93FDB" author="Hansen, M" journalOrPublisher="Biologiske Skrifter" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 367" refId="B139" refString="Hansen, M, 1991. The hydrophiloid beetles. Phylogeny, classification and a revision of the genera (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Biologiske Skrifter 40: 1 - 367" title="The hydrophiloid beetles. Phylogeny, classification and a revision of the genera (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." volume="40" year="1991">Hansen (1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="62D48AE41CFC0B2A9E65F00F7489912C" author="Hansen, M" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B142" refString="Hansen, M, 1999b. World catalogue of insects (Volume 2). Hydrophiloidea (s. str.) (Coleoptera). Apollo Books, Stenstrup" title="World catalogue of insects (Volume 2). Hydrophiloidea (s. str.) (Coleoptera)." year="1999 b">1999b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) viewed the differences in antennomeres and the aedeagal complexity as "rather subtle" and maintained the two names as synonymous without subgeneric division. The phylogenetic analysis by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BDA6CD4946B9475D7FB1E9FF7FC7B6D7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="380 - 395" refId="B274" refString="Short, AEZ, Giron, JC, Toussaint, EFA, 2021. Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America. Systematic Entomology 46 (2): 380 - 395, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" title="Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" volume="46" year="2021">Short et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, together with the morphological evidence offered by Hebauer, resulted in the recognition of the generic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CD91A333BE9D618433ECD910079F6BB8" authorityName="Kuwert" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2633716EAD31649919097F0BDF501458" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crephelochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ABBB271C26BC5B619288E56B672F7DD9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="E21579B783333C4A8DB931D2591A24E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="556964B9186B218D0C429F41006A40FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
There are 29 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65283670DEEDDF159249DE01581FDDE1" genus="Chephelochares" lsidName="Chephelochares" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="431A62B55626863BFEC7316E8CD1491C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chephelochares</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described to date; some of the older species have long lists of synonyms. The most comprehensive treatment for the genus was by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8B66C956F34BD6A58470991874474ECF" author="Hebauer, F" journalOrPublisher="Acta Coleopterologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="61 - 92" refId="B146" refString="Hebauer, F, 1992. The species of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae). Acta Coleopterologica 8 (2): 61 - 92" title="The species of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)." volume="8" year="1992">Hebauer (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; the genus was then considered as a subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A1B350F64D6021A7C03799B39FCD2DA3" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Chasmogenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chasmogenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2357418FD1A7599FA2914C9EB2A70CD9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chasmogenus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="49A387F66338BA5ED1C472A1FCE107D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="species examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="50723A466180B26C769544FD854D5F4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Species examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4852DA8BEFAC75EB87B56B448ED02DC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F8E57C0D93FD34A6ADF4A97A45A3246" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Crephelochares" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crephelochares abnormalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abnormalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0A0E4FDF52963882056F77EC9FC0A6DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Crephelochares abnormalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Sharp),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CE47BE98B4BD55ED0D3E1DBB8422506" lsidName="C. africanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="africanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F16CEA3FFEBAB31D1F9E0D3D5CD0A6A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. africanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3C15134B552B491EEA4A45A38200F655" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5B344972CFA7F6291480FF2FD8A5196" lsidName="C. balkei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="balkei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B249FA35D3EF00180E77F65D3B5B9943" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. balkei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Short)*,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF5F04B57972F558019BFC7AC5729B2C" lsidName="C. irianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="irianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4F6DF6F9DACD3DC61EF1542CB5F8390B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. irianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hebauer)*,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66A2FCCC0E2D97E633039DA96380FAB8" lsidName="C. livornicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="livornicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CE9EE8B3C0F9F28C387C2D07D3EDDADB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. livornicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kuwert),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E8EBAE316CFD8C29FB1FBC5846DEFF3" lsidName="C. mauritiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="mauritiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1634F1964B1A60DCFE1E3079BE42FD8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. mauritiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Balfour-Browne),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C88F6F5549F78C1A10F3B99CE61A3F64" lsidName="C. molinai" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="molinai">
|
||
<emphasis id="96C45D049166574FF3254F37C795B441" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. molinai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hebauer)*,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F56FB6ABB71236FF3E556201F0827D6B" lsidName="C. nitescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="D60B09116D454FECEE6C01D038814B30" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. nitescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fauvel),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF545875E52ADACEA5C4FA46AFA9E64F" lsidName="C. orbus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="orbus">
|
||
<emphasis id="628A733317D1D43609D92771AD9E876B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. orbus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Watanabe),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7CC77B29C2BCBD9C1CB059B2AE920342" lsidName="C. paramollis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="paramollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A85B1F54F9713063E073935B3A0A212B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. paramollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hebauer)*,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCB3CCF7E687AF9C9A2EC60033319C71" lsidName="C. patrizii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="patrizii">
|
||
<emphasis id="922284EB4400A2B9D0036EABFCBE18E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. patrizii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Balfour-Browne),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6B6421A5A15F4D90BA1954D65B577807" lsidName="C. punctulatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="punctulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A7CE73972464A2B301FA0C939942071A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. punctulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Short)*,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A091056D60FFC02B793392409AAC663E" lsidName="C. ruandanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ruandanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B65BCCBA251C05328D4F6393F15A1915" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. ruandanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Balfour-Browne),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7657C4D1E3DC7880AA4CEC2A199B1A65" lsidName="C. rubellus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rubellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8097121041D67DA03166ABB79FBD3AC4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rubellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hebauer)*,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A93D6977BDF4696CA45E62DA754850EB" lsidName="C. rusticus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rusticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F8E1494F2BFBFC2029EDA1CCB3C2ED74" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rusticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CB29D75F244E8754379859FF3F4AB890" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1382C06AEA43DFBA9B3FE69607FC26A" lsidName="C. rutiloides" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rutiloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="83ECB4B7404768B39BC0EF9D2E174BA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rutiloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2DF3D791000A0D9623A090172A6D2086" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3A9DAFA47780CDA8804893FA5A863AD" lsidName="C. rutilus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rutilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C47FE0B9AD593B651ACD392DBE70B9D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rutilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C7CB0E5647246C95BF90C1BEA23C9A45" originalValue="d’Orchymont">d'Orchymont</normalizedToken>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E65B68663FB08BBF1A00F8B09B772C0" lsidName="C. szeli" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="szeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="703D86854B417176C8F24EEF423BC43C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. szeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hebauer)*. For species marked with an asterisk, paratypes were available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AD60C3AAA41A5F858DE30503844EA9A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="selected references">
|
||
<paragraph id="2BB04167F28DADBF0F87A3BD9020D0F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected references.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="39BEFBD9362F3844235C06F62FE854A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F3058F5FDC4009FEE43F9DC1CE4D8FA4" author="Hebauer, F" journalOrPublisher="Acta Coleopterologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="61 - 92" refId="B146" refString="Hebauer, F, 1992. The species of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae). Acta Coleopterologica 8 (2): 61 - 92" title="The species of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)." volume="8" year="1992">Hebauer 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: diagnosis, key to species, diagnoses, descriptions for 22 species, and genitalia drawings for 19 of them; Hebauer 1995: one new species from Namibia;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="797D26B2AD94E0B8E8082F6DBD9F132D" author="Watts, CHS" journalOrPublisher="Records of the South Australian Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="113 - 130" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46866161" refId="B288" refString="Watts, CHS, 1995. Revision of the Australasian genera Agraphydrus Regimbart, Chasmogenus Sharp and Helochares Mulsant (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Records of the South Australian Museum 28: 113 - 130, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46866161" title="Revision of the Australasian genera Agraphydrus Regimbart, Chasmogenus Sharp and Helochares Mulsant (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)." url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/46866161" volume="28" year="1995">Watts 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: revision of the Australian species of the genus;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F4486C08E32EBE5CC92E8039FCA29F3" author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Koleopterologische Rundschau" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B262" refString="Short, AEZ, 2010. Hydrophilidae: Review of the subtribe Acidocerina of the Southwest Pacific islands (Coleoptera). In: Jaech MA, Balke M (Eds) Water Beetles of New Caledonia, part 1, Wien, 297-318." title="Hydrophilidae: Review of the subtribe Acidocerina of the Southwest Pacific islands (Coleoptera). In: Jaech MA, Balke M (Eds) Water Beetles of New Caledonia, part 1, Wien, 297 - 318." year="2010">Short 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: revision of the species from the Southwest Pacific islands, describing two new species from Fiji and newly recording
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8BD950643E24124B972423E1D998A1C" lsidName="C. nitescens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="70EDC6CF02E9276B5F418877282CE19F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. nitescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fauvel) for New Caledonia;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="28B5C7832092F33A76837B6F208DEF18" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4144.2.12" author="Devi, MB" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="296 - 300" refId="B90" refString="Devi, MB, Devi, OS, Fikacek, M, Minoshima, Y, Wanghengbam, L, 2016. Redescription and lectotype designation of Chasmogenus abnormalis (Sharp), with notes on its distribution. Zootaxa 4144 (2): 296 - 300, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4144.2.12" title="Redescription and lectotype designation of Chasmogenus abnormalis (Sharp), with notes on its distribution." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4144.2.12" volume="4144" year="2016">Devi et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: redescription and lectotype designation for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9159EBFAF3984FCC5B721D2A6B86B4A1" lsidName="C. abnormalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="abnormalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D0E920D742258A862D9F5F9C0FFA8091" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. abnormalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Sharp) with a discussion on its distribution and morphological variation;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E1DE4B5FA92F3CA5E9FC7CA18622B38E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="380 - 395" refId="B274" refString="Short, AEZ, Giron, JC, Toussaint, EFA, 2021. Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America. Systematic Entomology 46 (2): 380 - 395, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" title="Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467" volume="46" year="2021">Short et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: generic status and phylogenetic placement.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |