<documentID-CLB-Dataset="5998"ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810"ID-GBIF-Dataset="e3ab2700-b888-4721-b7c1-fcb2d0bb38b2"ID-PMC="PMC8233300"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1045-1"ID-Pensoft-UUID="CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA"ID-PubMed="34228772"ID-ZooBank="2C3076FD13FB4842A7F6B0EBE9B23795"ModsDocID="1313-2970-1045-1"checkinTime="1624048151249"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Giron, Jennifer C. & Short, Andrew Edward Z."docDate="2021"docId="691A14D47234D37E43742D58EE233E5F"docLanguage="en"docName="ZooKeys 1045: 1-236"docOrigin="ZooKeys 1045"docPubDate="2021-06-18"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810"docTitle="Crephelochares Kuwert 1890"docType="treatment"docVersion="6"id="CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA"lastPageNumber="1"masterDocId="CDADD9D94DEB5471834AF0F1AB8B48AA"masterDocTitle="The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species"masterLastPageNumber="236"masterPageNumber="1"pageNumber="1"updateTime="1732682494875"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:titleid="9C127B71574E3DF763F5610B88B9C282">The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="BF049DBA7DC8480269BC82E37D2E4B06">Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA & Natural Science Research Laboratory, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePartid="1C2878E990081A6A31029ED1E67B8A82">Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="50933644B6E4321DBF252A94062D2B8C">Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
<figureCitationid="6E263115B7A02108F46AA5839E35C7E8"captionStart="Figure 1"captionStartId="F1"captionText="Figure 1. Variation across Acidocerinae, dorsal and lateral views A Colossochares ellipticus B Peltochares sp. C Peltochares conspicuus D Aulonochares tubulus E Helochares sp. F Helochares tristis G Novochares sp. H Helopeltarium ferrugineum I Batochares sp. J Helobata larvalis K Radicitus sp. L Nanosaphes tricolor M Agraphydrus cf. attenuatus N Tobochares luteomargo O Tobochares sulcatus P Quadriops similaris Q Crucisternum ouboteri R Primocerus neutrum S Agraphydrus coomani T Agraphydrus sp. U Globulosis flavus V Crephelochares nitescens."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure1"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557400"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">Figs 1V</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="88F81BA44CA85228E4DA6BAC337C59FB"captionStart="Figure 2"captionStartId="F2"captionText="Figure 2. Phylogeny of the Acidocerinae simplified from Short et al. (2021), indicating the distribution, preferred habitat, and currently described number of species for each genus. For habitat, filled black circles indicate that at least some species of the genus are commonly found in this habitat; light grey circles indicate the genus has been found in this habitat, but is rare or not typical for the group; white circles indicate no species have been recorded for the genus in this habitat."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure2"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557401"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="51F0F713DB760F9A832748CCB0290183"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Known distribution of genera of Acidocerinae: Acidocerus, Agraphydrus, Aulonochares, Batochares, Chasmogenus, Colossochares, and Crephelochares."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557403"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="0AACF194BA6CEB77934DBFF230901965"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Head of miscellaneous Acidocerinae A-D anterolateral view: A Tobochares luteomargo with white arrow pointing to straight anterior margin of eye B Tobochares emarginatus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus emarginating anterior margin of eye C Quadriops politus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus fully dividing the eye in dorsal and ventral faces D Batochares sp. black arrow pointing to transverse carina on labrum E-L dorsal view of head: E Batochares sp. F Helochares tristis G Crephelochares nitescens, H Chasmogenus australis with black arrow pointing to preclypeal membrane I Colossochares ellipticus J Aulonochares tubulus K Peltochares conspicuus L Helobata larvalis."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557410"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 11G</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="CC8AB0F377773820793C195901BC11E2"captionStart="Figure 27"captionStartId="F27"captionText="Figure 27. Aedeagi of Colossochares and Crephelochares spp. A Colossochares ellipticus B Crephelochares szeli C Crephelochares sp. (Australia) D Crephelochares abnormalis (Thailand). Scale bars: 0.5 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure27"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557426"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 27B-D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="05851064F14A3360D4356A5247F14716"captionStart="Figure 28"captionStartId="F28"captionText="Figure 28. Habitus Crephelochares spp. A-C Crephelochares nitescens: A dorsal habitus B lateral habitus C ventral habitus D Crephelochares cf. patrizii (image from Bird et al. 2017). Scale bars: 1 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure28"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557427"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">, 28</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="275BC7668B19F2B00D0C5B3F426945E4"author="d'Orchymont, A"journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de France"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="105 - 168"publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9486175"refId="B50"refString="d'Orchymont, A, 1919c. Contribution a l'etude des sous-familles des Sphaeridiinae et des Hydrophilinae (Col. Hydrophilidae). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 88 (1-2): 105 - 168, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9486175"title="Contribution a l'etude des sous-familles des Sphaeridiinae et des Hydrophilinae (Col. Hydrophilidae)."url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9486175"volume="88"year="1919 c">
<bibRefCitationid="CA9E8826783A9179EDAD252CA50D4C54"author="Fernandez, LA"journalOrPublisher="Neotropica"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="189 - 193"refId="B106"refString="Fernandez, LA, 1986. Consideraciones sobre el genero Chasmogenus Sharp y descripcion de Chasmogenus sapucay sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Neotropica 32: 189 - 193"title="Consideraciones sobre el genero Chasmogenus Sharp y descripcion de Chasmogenus sapucay sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)."volume="32"year="1986">
<bibRefCitationid="AA8F20719FC6CCCE4EC20F9076992382"author="Hansen, M"journalOrPublisher="Biologiske Skrifter"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="1 - 367"refId="B139"refString="Hansen, M, 1991. The hydrophiloid beetles. Phylogeny, classification and a revision of the genera (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). Biologiske Skrifter 40: 1 - 367"title="The hydrophiloid beetles. Phylogeny, classification and a revision of the genera (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)."volume="40"year="1991">Hansen 1991</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="735713E74CD9D01306FF264F79079CDF"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467"author="Short, AEZ"journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="380 - 395"refId="B274"refString="Short, AEZ, Giron, JC, Toussaint, EFA, 2021. Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America. Systematic Entomology 46 (2): 380 - 395, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467"title="Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America."url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12467"volume="46"year="2021">Short et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="2DBF9E1E72BFEF99C513CBE9612E7A81"author="Hebauer, F"journalOrPublisher="Acta Coleopterologica"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="61 - 92"refId="B146"refString="Hebauer, F, 1992. The species of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae). Acta Coleopterologica 8 (2): 61 - 92"title="The species of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)."volume="8"year="1992">Hebauer 1992</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="8E770AA956BB0B371AB7216AE07C2CE0"author="d'Orchymont, A"journalOrPublisher="Bulletin et Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="154 - 166"refId="B73"refString="d'Orchymont, A, 1939a. Revision des especes du sous-genre Crephelochares d' Helochares. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 79: 154 - 166"title="Revision des especes du sous-genre Crephelochares d' Helochares."volume="79"year="1939 a">
Body length ranging from 2.5-4.8 mm. Body shape oval in dorsal view, dorsoventrally slightly flattened, moderately convex in lateral view, with dorsal outline nearly evenly convex (Fig.
<figureCitationid="2794D3CDB56B6993A100330C4CD6D22B"captionStart="Figure 11"captionStartId="F11"captionText="Figure 11. Head of miscellaneous Acidocerinae A-D anterolateral view: A Tobochares luteomargo with white arrow pointing to straight anterior margin of eye B Tobochares emarginatus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus emarginating anterior margin of eye C Quadriops politus with white arrow pointing to Tobochares canthus fully dividing the eye in dorsal and ventral faces D Batochares sp. black arrow pointing to transverse carina on labrum E-L dorsal view of head: E Batochares sp. F Helochares tristis G Crephelochares nitescens, H Chasmogenus australis with black arrow pointing to preclypeal membrane I Colossochares ellipticus J Aulonochares tubulus K Peltochares conspicuus L Helobata larvalis."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure11"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557410"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">11G</figureCitation>
). Eyes relatively large, at most only slightly emarginated anteriorly, and not or only slightly projected from outline of head. Clypeus trapezoid, with anterior margin mesally emarginate; membranous preclypeal area visible when clypeus strongly emarginated. Labrum fully exposed. Mentum punctate or punctate laterally and medially obliquely striate; medial surface flat to depressed (Fig.
); anteromedial depression sometimes limited by low transverse carina. Antennae with nine antennomeres, with cupule slightly asymmetric and rounded. Maxillary palps slender, 1.2-1.5
length of maxillary palpomere 3; inner margin of maxillary palpomere 2 nearly straight, and outer margin curved along apical half. Pronotum evenly convex. Elytra with sutural striae, with outer margins slightly flared; ground punctures usually only shallowly marked, serial punctures absent and at least one median row of systematic punctures visible on each elytron (Fig.
). Surface of prosternum usually flat, sometimes tectiform. Posterior elevation of mesoventrite with longitudinal carina; anapleural sutures sinuate, separated at anterior margin by distance similar to slightly shorter than anterior margin of mesepisternum. Metaventrite with posteromesal and posterolateral glabrous patches (Fig.
). Protibiae with spines of anterior row semi erect, relatively long, thick and sparse; apical spurs of protibiae relatively short and stout, not reaching apex of protarsomere 2. Metafemora with tibial grooves moderately developed; hydrofuge pubescence covering basal 4/5 of anterior surface of metafemora (Fig.
). Metatarsomeres 2-4 gradually decreasing in size, with two rows of spines on ventral surface; metatarsomere 2 slightly longer than 5, 5 shorter than 3 and 4 combined. Fifth abdominal ventrite emarginate at apex, with fringe of flat and stout setae. Aedeagus (Fig.
<figureCitationid="DA48640443A0B237AD9ABD4CE5D8992F"captionStart="Figure 27"captionStartId="F27"captionText="Figure 27. Aedeagi of Colossochares and Crephelochares spp. A Colossochares ellipticus B Crephelochares szeli C Crephelochares sp. (Australia) D Crephelochares abnormalis (Thailand). Scale bars: 0.5 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure27"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557426"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">27B-D</figureCitation>
) with parameres at most only fused at base on dorsal surface; median lobe divided in dorsal and ventral plates; dorsal plate sclerotized along margins, medially membranous, membranes with papillae or denticles along apico-medial region; ventral plate as inverted Y, sometimes accompanied by basal median laminar sclerite; basal piece nearly as long as or longer than ventral length of parameres, always noticeable; gonopore not clearly visible.
<bibRefCitationid="A35FC087CBD09B576A53960D2C35AEE9"DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.656.11622"author="Bird, MS"journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="51 - 84"refId="B25"refString="Bird, MS, Bilton, DT, Perissinotto, R, 2017. Diversity and distribution of polyphagan water beetles (Coleoptera) in the Lake St Lucia system, South Africa. ZooKeys 656: 51 - 84, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.656.11622"title="Diversity and distribution of polyphagan water beetles (Coleoptera) in the Lake St Lucia system, South Africa."url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.656.11622"volume="656"year="2017">Bird et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="036A98F7DB36CDA28DD00C44690E1B0A"authorityName="Giron & Short"authorityYear="2019"class="Insecta"family="Hydrophilidae"genus="Primocerus"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Primocerus"order="Coleoptera"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="genus">
<figureCitationid="4D8927C30824EE2B7FB436BD652992BD"captionStart="Figure 25"captionStartId="F25"captionText="Figure 25. Aedeagi of Chasmogenus spp. A C. acuminatus B C. schmits C C. lineatus D, E C. tafelbergensis: D dorsal view E lateral view. Images from Smith and Short 2020. Scale bars: 0.5 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure25"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557424"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">25</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="722EEF1555CEB59989DF84FA7E51CB80"captionStart="Figure 27"captionStartId="F27"captionText="Figure 27. Aedeagi of Colossochares and Crephelochares spp. A Colossochares ellipticus B Crephelochares szeli C Crephelochares sp. (Australia) D Crephelochares abnormalis (Thailand). Scale bars: 0.5 mm."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure27"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557426"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">27B-D</figureCitation>
: Cambodia, China (Guangdong, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Yunnan), Indonesia (Borneo, Java, Papua, Sulawesi, Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.
<figureCitationid="5BD20CB3400C096A7C3566C850F1A042"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Known distribution of genera of Acidocerinae: Acidocerus, Agraphydrus, Aulonochares, Batochares, Chasmogenus, Colossochares, and Crephelochares."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/557403"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="224A1550C176BCCB672673FFCF426C6F"author="Archangelsky, M"journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="1 - 207"refId="B4"refString="Archangelsky, M, 1997. Studies on the biology, ecology, and systematics of the immature stages of New World Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia). Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey 12 (1): 1 - 207"title="Studies on the biology, ecology, and systematics of the immature stages of New World Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia)."volume="12"year="1997">Archangelsky (1997</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="500035CF44FD51A3F42B58AE7D5F8E5F"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"author="Anderson, JME"journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="219 - 228"refId="B2"refString="Anderson, JME, 1976. Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory. Australian Journal of Entomology 15 (2): 219 - 228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"title="Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory."url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"volume="15"year="1976">Anderson (1976)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="ED0B24DEFA6ECCAD4A27EA54A14106B6"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"author="Anderson, JME"journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="219 - 228"refId="B2"refString="Anderson, JME, 1976. Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory. Australian Journal of Entomology 15 (2): 219 - 228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"title="Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory."url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"volume="15"year="1976">Anderson (1976</bibRefCitation>
: 223), females lay between 18 and 25 eggs, "located below the surface of damp soil, in a mossy hollow constructed by the adult; the hollow was always of the same size and shape and lined inside with loose silk. Eggs were deposited at right angles to base of nest, each covered by strands of fine silk attached to floor, walls and adjacent eggs". The larvae hatch in 5-7 days and are predaceous (
<bibRefCitationid="D12AAF9133CD0AFC250F44E8C8EB73F7"author="Archangelsky, M"journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="1 - 207"refId="B4"refString="Archangelsky, M, 1997. Studies on the biology, ecology, and systematics of the immature stages of New World Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia). Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey 12 (1): 1 - 207"title="Studies on the biology, ecology, and systematics of the immature stages of New World Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia)."volume="12"year="1997">Archangelsky 1997</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="609B0E53672263680E0AE09FB6814853"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"author="Anderson, JME"journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="219 - 228"refId="B2"refString="Anderson, JME, 1976. Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory. Australian Journal of Entomology 15 (2): 219 - 228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"title="Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory."url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"volume="15"year="1976">Anderson 1976</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="0EA9C7E4F3B55B7094C6D1F529F9A4AB"author="Fikacek, M"journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"refId="B112"refString="Fikacek, M, 2003. Commented review of immature stages of World Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia). Bachelor Seminar Work, Charles University, Prague."title="Commented review of immature stages of World Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia). Bachelor Seminar Work, Charles University, Prague."year="2003">
<bibRefCitationid="8F84F67A05D1599B5D8DAB3181D6FE5B"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"author="Anderson, JME"journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="219 - 228"refId="B2"refString="Anderson, JME, 1976. Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory. Australian Journal of Entomology 15 (2): 219 - 228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"title="Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory."url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"volume="15"year="1976">Anderson (1976)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="78C99524DACAA35B9A90EF2C00ECE8F4"author="Hebauer, F"journalOrPublisher="Acta Coleopterologica"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="61 - 92"refId="B146"refString="Hebauer, F, 1992. The species of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae). Acta Coleopterologica 8 (2): 61 - 92"title="The species of the genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)."volume="8"year="1992">Hebauer (1992)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="AC1817695E4CAF26449AA1ADCA2C5A75"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"author="Anderson, JME"journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="219 - 228"refId="B2"refString="Anderson, JME, 1976. Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory. Australian Journal of Entomology 15 (2): 219 - 228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"title="Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory."url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"volume="15"year="1976">Anderson (1976)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="1F01C3A44FB8EEF7EAB3EA726D60ACE8"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"author="Anderson, JME"journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="219 - 228"refId="B2"refString="Anderson, JME, 1976. Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory. Australian Journal of Entomology 15 (2): 219 - 228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"title="Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory."url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"volume="15"year="1976">Anderson (1976)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="D4A5C25EE7A99854A6F5F19E706E7827"author="Archangelsky, M"journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="1 - 207"refId="B4"refString="Archangelsky, M, 1997. Studies on the biology, ecology, and systematics of the immature stages of New World Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia). Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey 12 (1): 1 - 207"title="Studies on the biology, ecology, and systematics of the immature stages of New World Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera: Staphyliniformia)."volume="12"year="1997">Archangelsky (1997</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="E0BF3EC28A0373C56D6C5CC9943F38B6"DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"author="Anderson, JME"journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="219 - 228"refId="B2"refString="Anderson, JME, 1976. Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory. Australian Journal of Entomology 15 (2): 219 - 228, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"title="Aquatic Hydrophilidae (Coleoptera). The biology of some Australian species with descriptions of immature stages reared in the laboratory."url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1976.tb01696.x"volume="15"year="1976">
<taxonomicNameid="11BD96984CAC565A2950E7DE06387375"authorityName="Girón & Short"authorityYear="2021"class="Insecta"family="Hydrophilidae"genus="Helochares"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Helochares"order="Coleoptera"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="genus">
<bibRefCitationid="1C7B69B70F658FB499A1086B3C4971CE"author="d'Orchymont, A"journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe entomologique de France"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="105 - 168"publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9486175"refId="B50"refString="d'Orchymont, A, 1919c. Contribution a l'etude des sous-familles des Sphaeridiinae et des Hydrophilinae (Col. Hydrophilidae). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 88 (1-2): 105 - 168, https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9486175"title="Contribution a l'etude des sous-familles des Sphaeridiinae et des Hydrophilinae (Col. Hydrophilidae)."url="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9486175"volume="88"year="1919 c">
<taxonomicNameid="E9B25D7C7DB12AB2530BAE8BD8940163"authorityName="Girón & Short"authorityYear="2021"class="Insecta"family="Hydrophilidae"genus="Helochares"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Helochares"order="Coleoptera"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"phylum="Arthropoda"rank="genus">
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) viewed the differences in antennomeres and the aedeagal complexity as "rather subtle" and maintained the two names as synonymous without subgeneric division. The phylogenetic analysis by
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: diagnosis, key to species, diagnoses, descriptions for 22 species, and genitalia drawings for 19 of them; Hebauer 1995: one new species from Namibia;
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