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Key to the genera of
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<emphasis id="B948EAA8FFD7D53CFF34944B22CADA95" bold="true" box="[151,170,1909,1930]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">1.</emphasis>
Male continuous stigma between CuA 1 and 2A (
<figureCitation id="13072A3FFFD7D53CFD1E944B2166DA94" box="[701,774,1909,1931]" captionStart="FIGURES 67–73" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1693]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[189,1398,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 67–73. Pericharini species, male stigma. 67, Orphe gerasa (Hewitson, 1867). 68, Oz ozias ozias (Hewitson, 1878). 69, Oenides vulpina (C. Felder &amp; R. Felder, 1867). 70, Orses cynisca (Swainson, 1821). 71, Perichares philetes (Gmelin, [1790]). 72, Perichares saptine (Godman &amp; Salvin, 1879). 73, Perichares romeroi (O. Mielke &amp; Casagrande, 2004). Scale bar (white = 2 mm; yellow = 1 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035611/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
), external edge with one or more rows of scales. Female VHW with lilac or grey scales; if with yellowish scales, then light colour (
<figureCitation id="13072A3FFFD7D53CFC9F94AD2115DAB7" box="[828,885,1939,1961]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[194,1397,1058,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[189,1398,1053,1860]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Pericharini species in dorsal (first and third columns) and ventral (second and fourth columns) views. Scale bar = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035593/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)........................................
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<emphasis id="B948EAA8FFD7D53CFAFD94AC27FDDAB7" bold="true" box="[1374,1437,1938,1960]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Orphe</emphasis>
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- Male discontinuous stigma between CuA
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and 2A (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B4BFFD7D53CFD6F948E21E3DAD9" author="Warren, A. D. &amp; Dolibaina, D. R. &amp; Grishin, N. V." box="[716,899,1968,1990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="109" pagination="46 - 51" refId="ref6805" refString="Warren, A. D., Dolibaina, D. R. &amp; Grishin, N. V. (2015) In limbo no longer: a new genus for a rare Amazonian skipper, Telles pyrex. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 25 (2), 46-51." type="journal article" year="2015">
Warren
<emphasis id="B948EAA8FFD7D53CFCBA948F212ADADA" box="[793,842,1968,1990]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">et al.</emphasis>
2015
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). Female VHW dark yellowish colour (
<figureCitation id="13072A3FFFD7D53CFB5E948E2757DAD9" box="[1277,1335,1968,1990]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[194,1397,1058,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[189,1398,1053,1860]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Pericharini species in dorsal (first and third columns) and ventral (second and fourth columns) views. Scale bar = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035593/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).................................................................................................
<emphasis id="B948EAA8FFD7D53CFA8494EA27FCDAF5" bold="true" box="[1319,1436,2004,2026]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="109">Pseudorphe</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B948EAA8FFD8D533FF34952B23D4DB30" bold="true" box="[151,436,1557,1583]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Orphina Grishin, 2022</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="13072A3FFFD8D533FF3C95072364DB4C" box="[159,260,1593,1619]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1883,1907]" captionTargetBox="[194,1397,1058,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-211@3.[189,1398,1053,1860]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–6. Pericharini species in dorsal (first and third columns) and ventral (second and fourth columns) views. Scale bar = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035593/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Figs 1–6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13072A3FFFD8D533FEB395072338DB4C" box="[272,344,1593,1619]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 61–66" captionStart-1="FIGURES 67–73" captionStartId-0="10.[151,264,1097,1121]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,264,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox-0="[283,1304,181,1073]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1398,181,1693]" captionTargetId-0="figure-20@10.[283,1304,181,1073]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@11.[189,1398,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURES 61–66. Pericharini species, right palpus of males, lateral view. 61, Perichares philetes (Gmelin, [1790]). 62, Orses cynisca (Swainson, 1821). 63, Lycas argentea (Hewitson, 1866). 64, Oenides vulpina (C. Felder &amp; R. Felder, 1867). 65, Oz ozias ozias (Hewitson, 1878). 66, Orphe gerasa (Hewitson, 1867). Scale bar = 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 67–73. Pericharini species, male stigma. 67, Orphe gerasa (Hewitson, 1867). 68, Oz ozias ozias (Hewitson, 1878). 69, Oenides vulpina (C. Felder &amp; R. Felder, 1867). 70, Orses cynisca (Swainson, 1821). 71, Perichares philetes (Gmelin, [1790]). 72, Perichares saptine (Godman &amp; Salvin, 1879). 73, Perichares romeroi (O. Mielke &amp; Casagrande, 2004). Scale bar (white = 2 mm; yellow = 1 mm)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035609" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035611" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/15035609/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/15035611/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">66–67</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13072A3FFFD8D533FEC7950723CCDB4B" box="[356,428,1593,1620]" captionStart="FIGURES 74–81" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1536,1560]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-20@12.[189,1398,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 74–81. Pericharini species, forewing venation, red arrow indicating the recurring vein, and black arrow indicating the length of CuA1–CuA2. 74, Orphe gerasa (Hewitson, 1867). 75, Pseudorphe pyrex (Evans, 1955). 76, Oz ozias ozias (Hewitson, 1878). 77, Oenides vulpina (C. Felder &amp; R. Felder, 1867). 78, Lycas argentea (Hewitson, 1866). 79, Perichares philetes (Gmelin, [1790]). 80–81, Orses cynisca (Swainson, 1821). Scale bar (white = 1 mm; black = 2 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035613/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">74–75</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13072A3FFFD8D533FE1B9507204BDB4C" box="[440,555,1593,1619]" captionStart="FIGURES 82–94" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[189,1398,181,1675]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 82–94. Pericharini species, valva of male genitalia and sterigma of female genitalia, red and white arrows indicating the genitalia characters. 82, Orphe gerasa (Hewitson, 1867). 83, Oz ozias ozias (Hewitson, 1878). 84, Oenides vulpina (C. Felder &amp; R. Felder, 1867). 85, Lycas argentea (Hewitson, 1866). 86, Orses cynisca (Swainson, 1821). 87, Perichares philetes (Gmelin, [1790]). 88, O. gerasa. 89, Pseudorphe pyrex (Evans, 1955). 90, L. argentea. 91, O. vulpina. 92, O. o. ozias. 93, O. cynisca. 94, P. philetes. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035615/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">82, 88–89</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13072A3FFFD8D533FD95950720EBDB4B" box="[566,651,1593,1620]" captionStart="FIGURES 95–106" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1716,1740]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,200,1683]" captionTargetId="figure-20@14.[189,1398,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 95–106. Pericharini species, characters found in the forewing venation and male genitalia for subtribes; the arrows indicate the presence of structures. 95–96, Orphe gerasa (Hewitson, 1867), male and female. 97–100, Male genitalia in lateral view, aedeagus in dorsal view with cornutus, valva with well-developed ampulla, mid sacculus without setae. 101–102, Perichares philetes (Gmelin, [1790]), male and female. 103–106, Male genitalia in lateral view, aedeagus in dorsal view without cornutus, valva with poor-developed ampulla, mid sacculus with setae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035617/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">95–100</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8336BAFFD8D533FF34954327E8DB8A" blockId="7.[151,1416,1661,1686]" box="[151,1416,1661,1686]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="B948EAA8FFD8D533FF349543236CDB8A" box="[151,268,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Pericharini</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D39FFD8D533FEB895432311DB8A" authorityName="Grishin" authorityYear="2022" box="[283,369,1661,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Zygaenidae" genus="Orphina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EAA8FFD8D533FEB895432311DB8A" box="[283,369,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Orphina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) Grishin, 2022,
<emphasis id="B948EAA8FFD8D533FDB49543204CDB8A" bold="true" box="[535,556,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">in</emphasis>
Zhang
<emphasis id="B948EAA8FFD8D533FDD9954020C7DB8A" bold="true" box="[634,679,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">et al</emphasis>
., 2022.
<emphasis id="B948EAA8FFD8D533FD5A954321A2DB8A" bold="true" box="[761,962,1661,1685]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D39FFD8D533FD5A954321F5DB8A" authority="Mundi" authorityName="Mundi" box="[761,917,1661,1685]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Insecta Mundi</taxonomicName>
921
</emphasis>
: 98, 105:
<typeStatus id="54878818FFD8D533FB8A95402635DB89" box="[1065,1109,1662,1686]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">type</typeStatus>
genus:
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D39FFD8D533FB00954327E4DB8A" authority="Godman, 1901" authorityName="Godman" authorityYear="1901" box="[1187,1412,1661,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Orphe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B948EAA8FFD8D533FB0095432684DB8A" box="[1187,1252,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="108">Orphe</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B4BFFD8D533FB49954327E4DB8A" author="Godman, F. D." box="[1258,1412,1661,1685]" pageId="7" pageNumber="108" pagination="244 - 637" refId="ref6133" refString="Godman, F. D. (1901) Hesperiidae. In: Godman, F. D. &amp; Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, 2, pp. 244-637, pls. 73 - 106. [1879 - 1901]" type="book chapter" year="1901">Godman, 1901</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<emphasis id="B94B942AFFCCB82BE9BDBAFDFEAEFAEE" bold="true" box="[151,349,1266,1292]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">Apiconoma witti</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B804838FFCCB82BE9BDBB17FEF5FAD2" blockId="0.[151,1437,1230,1400]" box="[151,262,1304,1328]" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">
(
<figureCitation id="130454BDFFCCB82BE9B5BB17FF0FFAD2" box="[159,252,1304,1328]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="1.[152,260,872,896]" captionStartId-1="1.[152,260,1372,1396]" captionStartId-2="2.[152,260,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox-0="[221,1364,186,839]" captionTargetBox-1="[166,1422,1037,1340]" captionTargetBox-2="[170,1417,180,976]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@1.[213,1374,180,847]" captionTargetId-1="figure-50@1.[159,1428,1027,1348]" captionTargetId-2="figure-25@2.[170,1417,180,976]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="1" captionTargetPageId-2="2" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Apiconoma witti Laguerre 2016 adults. A—phenotypic variation, dorsal view; B—phenotypic variation, ventral view; C—holotype, dorsal view; D—holotype, ventral view (holotype images provided by Laguerre). Scale: 10 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Apiconoma witti Laguerre 2016 male genitalia.A—genital capsule, lateral view; B—genital capsule, ventral view; C—aedeagus, lateral view. Legends: aed, aedeagus; ann, annelus; dc, ductus ejaculatorius; tg, tegumen; unc, uncus; vlv, valva. Scale: 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Distribution map for Apiconoma Butler, 1876 species in South America." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035719" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035723" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035725" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/15035719/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/15035723/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/15035725/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8B804838FFCCB82BE9BDBB34FDA2FA9A" blockId="0.[151,1437,1230,1400]" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="B94B942AFFCCB82BE9BDBB34FE72FAB1" bold="true" box="[151,385,1339,1363]" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B574265FFCCB82BE8BABB33FDBEFA9A" collectingDate="2023-09-02" collectingDateMax="2023-09-03" collectingDateMin="2023-09-02" collectionCode="BR, PB, REBIO, LP" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" specimenCode="DSEC0004503, DSEC0004504" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2">
<specimenCount id="9D3983B1FFCCB82BE8BABB33FE35FAB6" box="[400,454,1340,1364]" count="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
“
<collectionCode id="ED2ED0FDFFCCB82BE8CABB33FDF4FAB6" box="[480,519,1340,1364]" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">BR</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED2ED0FDFFCCB82BEB31BB33FDCDFAB1" box="[539,574,1340,1363]" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">PB</collectionCode>
, Mamanguape/
<collectionCode id="ED2ED0FDFFCCB82BEBD0BB33FCB9FAB6" box="[762,842,1340,1364]" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">REBIO</collectionCode>
Guaribas/
<date id="FF816EF8FFCCB82BEAF8BB33FB82FAB6" box="[978,1137,1340,1364]" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" value="2023-09-02" valueMax="2023-09-03" valueMin="2023-09-02">
<collectingDate id="EFC59710FFCCB82BEAF8BB33FB82FAB6" box="[978,1137,1340,1364]" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" value="2023-09-02" valueMax="2023-09-03" valueMin="2023-09-02">02–03.IX.2023</collectingDate>
</date>
/ EVT, SDB, APC cols.” [
<specimenCode id="DB99E043FFCCB82BE9B7BB6FFEB6FA9A" box="[157,325,1376,1400]" collectionCode="DSEC" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n5i3-nfd8" name="Universidade Federal da Paraiba" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" type="">DSEC0004503</specimenCode>
<collectionCode id="ED2ED0FDFFCCB82BE86CBB6FFE95FA9A" box="[326,358,1376,1400]" country="Russia" name="Laboratory of Palaeontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">LP</collectionCode>
], [
<specimenCode id="DB99E043FFCCB82BE857BB6FFDD5FA9A" box="[381,550,1376,1400]" collectionCode="DSEC" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n5i3-nfd8" name="Universidade Federal da Paraiba" pageId="0" pageNumber="191" type="">DSEC0004504</specimenCode>
<collectionCode id="ED2ED0FDFFCCB82BEB0CBB6FFDB5FA9A" box="[550,582,1376,1400]" country="Russia" name="Laboratory of Palaeontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="191">LP</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

230
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<mods:title id="AECB3D732E5E1664BEB9B4B6598031C9">Review of the genus Ishiharella Dworakowska (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae), with description of two new species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFE9F52C96DD8278FDFC0C10" blockId="5.[151,512,1030,1093]" box="[151,512,1030,1057]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">
<heading id="D0EA8197FFE9F52C96DD8278FDFC0C10" bold="true" box="[151,512,1030,1057]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE9F52C96DD8278FDFC0C10" bold="true" box="[151,512,1030,1057]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D78FFE9F52C96DD8278FE670C10" authorityName="Wang &amp; Zhang &amp; Cao" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,411,1030,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Ishiharella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuxiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE9F52C96DD8278FE670C10" bold="true" box="[151,411,1030,1057]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Ishiharella wuxiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A5792FFE9F52C97E98278FDFC0C10" box="[419,512,1030,1056]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3076570FFE9F52C96DD8254FE4E0C74" box="[151,434,1066,1093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFE9F52C96DD8254FE4E0C74" blockId="5.[151,512,1030,1093]" box="[151,434,1066,1093]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">
(
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C96D58254FEF80C75" box="[159,260,1066,1093]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8. 1, 2, 3, 4" captionStartId="4.[151,275,1319,1345]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,342,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-91@4.[163,1424,342,1294]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. 1, 2, 3, 4. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 5, 6, 7, 8. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 1, 5. Male adult, dorsal view; 2, 6. Male adult, left lateral view; 3, 7. Head and thorax, dorsal view; 4, 8. Face. Scale bars = 1 mm (1, 2, 5, 6); 0.5 mm (3, 4, 7, 8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035688/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Figs 5–8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C975A8254FEAB0C74" box="[272,343,1066,1092]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15" captionStartId="5.[151,275,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,179,826]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[155,1433,179,826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 11, 16. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 9, 10, 11. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 12, 14, 16. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 13, 15. Abdominal apodeme. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035690/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">11, 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C97298254FE560C74" box="[355,426,1066,1092]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–36" captionStartId="7.[151,275,1114,1140]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,180,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[151,1436,179,1090]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 29–36. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 29. Abdominal apodeme; 30. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 31. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 32. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 33. Aedeagus, ventral view; 34. Connective; 35. Paramere; 36. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">29–36</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3076570FFE9F52C96DD820CFD190C80" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFE9F52C96DD820CFA610CBD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1138,2029]" box="[151,1437,1138,1165]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE9F52C96DD820CFEAC0CBC" bold="true" box="[151,336,1138,1164]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B753CA6FFE9F52C9715820CFA610CBD" box="[351,1437,1138,1165]" collectingDate="2023-08-17" collectionCode="NWAFU" country="China" county="Wuxi County" location="Wuxi County" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Chongqing" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE9F52C9715820CFE300CBC" bold="true" box="[351,460,1138,1164]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">
<typeStatus id="54A68859FFE9F52C9715820CFE300CBC" box="[351,460,1138,1164]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<specimenCount id="9D1BFD72FFE9F52C97A9820DFE040CBD" box="[483,504,1139,1165]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE3EFFE9F52C9445820CFD850CBC" box="[527,633,1138,1164]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">NWAFU</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE9F52C94DF820CFD220CBC" bold="true" box="[661,734,1138,1164]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">
<collectingCountry id="F30A766BFFE9F52C94DF820CFD220CBC" box="[661,734,1138,1164]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">China</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D9F819FFE9F52C94BE820CFC8F0CBC" box="[756,883,1138,1164]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62C34E77FFE9F52C95CD820CFBD40CBC" box="[903,1064,1138,1164]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Wuxi County</collectingCounty>
,
<date id="FFA3103BFFE9F52C9271820CFB280CBC" box="[1083,1236,1138,1164]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" value="2023-08-17">
<collectingDate id="EFE7E9D3FFE9F52C9271820CFB280CBC" box="[1083,1236,1138,1164]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" value="2023-08-17">17-VIII-2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, Qingquan Xue.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFE9F52C96DD82E8FD190C80" blockId="5.[151,1437,1138,2029]" box="[151,741,1174,1201]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">
<materialsCitation id="3B753CA6FFE9F52C96DD82E8FD1E0C80" box="[151,738,1174,1201]" collectingDate="2023-08-17" collectionCode="NWAFU" country="China" county="Wuxi County" location="Wuxi County" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Chongqing" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE9F52C96DD82E8FEF30C80" bold="true" box="[151,271,1174,1200]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">
<typeStatus id="54A68859FFE9F52C96DD82E8FEF30C80" box="[151,271,1174,1200]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<specimenCount id="9D1BFD72FFE9F52C975782E8FEA00C81" box="[285,348,1174,1201]" count="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE3EFFE9F52C972082E8FE280C80" box="[362,468,1174,1200]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">NWAFU</collectionCode>
), same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3076570FFE9F52C968D82C4FD650FDD" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFE9F52C968D82C4FD750CE5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1138,2029]" box="[199,649,1210,1237]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE9F52C968D82C4FEA50CE4" bold="true" box="[199,345,1210,1236]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Description.</emphasis>
Length: male 3.8–4.0 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFE9F52C968D82A0FD620DB9" blockId="5.[151,1437,1138,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">
Crown yellowish orange. Vertex with the central subcircular black patch at base blackish, submedially with a small brownish spot on each side. Eyes dark, ocelli white. Face yellow, except anteclypeus black apically. Pronotum laterally with sinuate transverse depressions black brown on each side. Scutellum yellow, apex slightly black, scutoscutellar sulcus brownish. Abdomen dark brown infuscated in dorsally. Forewing brown, hind wing hyaline. Legs yellowish except claws black (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C94618310FD6D0DB9" box="[555,657,1390,1417]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8. 1, 2, 3, 4" captionStartId="4.[151,275,1319,1345]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,342,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-91@4.[163,1424,342,1294]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. 1, 2, 3, 4. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 5, 6, 7, 8. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 1, 5. Male adult, dorsal view; 2, 6. Male adult, left lateral view; 3, 7. Head and thorax, dorsal view; 4, 8. Face. Scale bars = 1 mm (1, 2, 5, 6); 0.5 mm (3, 4, 7, 8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035688/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Figs 5–8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFE9F52C968D83ECFAF30F08" blockId="5.[151,1437,1138,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">
Male 2S abdominal apodemes reaching the posterior margin of segment IIV, basal apodemes broad, apically narrowed (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C975E83C8FE900DE0" box="[276,364,1462,1488]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–36" captionStartId="7.[151,275,1114,1140]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,180,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[151,1436,179,1090]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 29–36. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 29. Abdominal apodeme; 30. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 31. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 32. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 33. Aedeagus, ventral view; 34. Connective; 35. Paramere; 36. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
). Male pygofer brown, elongated in lateral view, narrowed in apical 1/5, terminally with 10 rigid microsetae on each side of lobe, with ca. 8 filamentous setae on outer face near dorsal margin, caudoventral protrusion of pygofer short, in lateral view not surpassing the end of pygofer side and incised subbasally (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C930B8380FF490E0C" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15" captionStartId="5.[151,275,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,179,826]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[155,1433,179,826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 11, 16. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 9, 10, 11. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 12, 14, 16. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 13, 15. Abdominal apodeme. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035690/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Figs 11, 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C9688805CFF1E0E0C" box="[194,226,1570,1596]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–36" captionStartId="7.[151,275,1114,1140]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,180,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[151,1436,179,1090]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 29–36. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 29. Abdominal apodeme; 30. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 31. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 32. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 33. Aedeagus, ventral view; 34. Connective; 35. Paramere; 36. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">30</figureCitation>
). Subgenital plate surpassing pygofer lobe, fused almost to apex; ca. 40 microsetae uniseriate in most part; arising near middle of plate with 6–7 feeble macrosetae in alignment, reaching apex (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C92078038FB300E50" box="[1101,1228,1606,1632]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15" captionStartId="5.[151,275,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,179,826]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[155,1433,179,826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 11, 16. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 9, 10, 11. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 12, 14, 16. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 13, 15. Abdominal apodeme. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035690/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Figs 11, 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C929D8038FADE0E50" box="[1239,1314,1606,1632]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–36" captionStartId="7.[151,275,1114,1140]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,180,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[151,1436,179,1090]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 29–36. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 29. Abdominal apodeme; 30. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 31. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 32. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 33. Aedeagus, ventral view; 34. Connective; 35. Paramere; 36. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">30–31</figureCitation>
). Aedeagal shaft slight long, broad, ovoid, width of base nearly equal to width subapically, gonopore terminal, basoventral protrusion of aedeagus slender, sinuate, slightly shorter than shaft, in ventral aspect bifurcated at the middle, parallel extended with pointed apex, without dorsoatrium, (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C949B80CCFCAC0EFC" box="[721,848,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15" captionStartId="5.[151,275,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,179,826]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[155,1433,179,826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 11, 16. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 9, 10, 11. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 12, 14, 16. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 13, 15. Abdominal apodeme. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035690/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Figs 11, 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C951680CCFC5B0EFC" box="[860,935,1714,1740]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–36" captionStartId="7.[151,275,1114,1140]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,180,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[151,1436,179,1090]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 29–36. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 29. Abdominal apodeme; 30. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 31. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 32. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 33. Aedeagus, ventral view; 34. Connective; 35. Paramere; 36. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">32–33</figureCitation>
). Connective lamellate caudally and crimped basally, caudal margin concave medially (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C942480A8FD120EC0" box="[622,750,1750,1776]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15" captionStartId="5.[151,275,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,179,826]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[155,1433,179,826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 11, 16. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 9, 10, 11. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 12, 14, 16. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 13, 15. Abdominal apodeme. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035690/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Figs 11, 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C94B080A8FCE60EC0" box="[762,794,1750,1776]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–36" captionStartId="7.[151,275,1114,1140]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,180,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[151,1436,179,1090]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 29–36. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 29. Abdominal apodeme; 30. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 31. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 32. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 33. Aedeagus, ventral view; 34. Connective; 35. Paramere; 36. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">34</figureCitation>
). Paramere surpassing pygofer in lateral view, almost the same length with subgenital, curved medially and bifurcated near apically, bearing a rigid tooth basad of bifurcation (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C96D58160FEE30F08" box="[159,287,1822,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15" captionStartId="5.[151,275,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,179,826]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[155,1433,179,826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 11, 16. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 9, 10, 11. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 12, 14, 16. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 13, 15. Abdominal apodeme. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035690/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Figs 11, 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C97618160FEB60F09" box="[299,330,1822,1849]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–36" captionStartId="7.[151,275,1114,1140]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,180,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[151,1436,179,1090]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 29–36. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 29. Abdominal apodeme; 30. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 31. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 32. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 33. Aedeagus, ventral view; 34. Connective; 35. Paramere; 36. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">35</figureCitation>
). Anal tube appendage developed, skeletonized, curved toward apex (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C921D8160FB2A0F08" box="[1111,1238,1822,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15" captionStartId="5.[151,275,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,179,826]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[155,1433,179,826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 11, 16. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 9, 10, 11. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 12, 14, 16. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 13, 15. Abdominal apodeme. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035690/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Figs 11, 16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C92A88160FAFE0F08" box="[1250,1282,1822,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–36" captionStartId="7.[151,275,1114,1140]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,180,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[151,1436,179,1090]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 29–36. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 29. Abdominal apodeme; 30. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 31. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 32. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 33. Aedeagus, ventral view; 34. Connective; 35. Paramere; 36. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">36</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFE9F52C968D813CFD650FDD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1138,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE9F52C968D813CFEED0F6C" bold="true" box="[199,273,1858,1884]" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Notes.</emphasis>
This new species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D78FFE9F52C9422813DFC800F6C" authority="Dworakowska" authorityName="Dworakowska" authorityYear="1982" box="[616,892,1858,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Ishiharella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iochoui">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE9F52C9422813DFD280F6C" box="[616,724,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">I. iochoui</emphasis>
Dworakowska
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D78FFE9F52C95F8813DFAF80F6C" authority="Yu, Yang &amp; Dietrich" authorityName="Yu, Yang &amp; Dietrich" authorityYear="2015" box="[946,1284,1858,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Ishiharella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE9F52C95F8813DFBE40F6C" box="[946,1048,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">I. falcata</emphasis>
Yu, Yang &amp; Dietrich
</taxonomicName>
in having the aedeagal process branched, but differs in the structure of the paramere and pygofer. It can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D78FFE9F52C96DD81F5FEF80F94" authorityName="Dworakowska" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,260,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Ishiharella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iochoui">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE9F52C96DD81F5FEF80F94" box="[151,260,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">I. iochoui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the subgenital plate fused almost to apex (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C955F81F4FC940F94" box="[789,872,1930,1956]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–36" captionStartId="7.[151,275,1114,1140]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,180,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[151,1436,179,1090]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 29–36. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 29. Abdominal apodeme; 30. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 31. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 32. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 33. Aedeagus, ventral view; 34. Connective; 35. Paramere; 36. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
) and anal tube appendage developed (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C936A81F4FA8A0F94" box="[1312,1398,1930,1956]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–36" captionStartId="7.[151,275,1114,1140]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,180,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[151,1436,179,1090]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 29–36. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 29. Abdominal apodeme; 30. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 31. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 32. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 33. Aedeagus, ventral view; 34. Connective; 35. Paramere; 36. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
). It also differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D78FFE9F52C971681D1FE3F0FF8" authorityName="Yu, Yang &amp; Dietrich" authorityYear="2015" box="[348,451,1966,1992]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Ishiharella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE9F52C971681D1FE3F0FF8" box="[348,451,1966,1992]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">I. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the paramere branched near apically and the position, structure of the branching of aedeagal basoventral protrusion (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE9F52C944081ACFD700FDD" box="[522,652,2002,2029]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–36" captionStartId="7.[151,275,1114,1140]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,180,1090]" captionTargetId="figure-27@7.[151,1436,179,1090]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 29–36. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 29. Abdominal apodeme; 30. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 31. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 32. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 33. Aedeagus, ventral view; 34. Connective; 35. Paramere; 36. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035694" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035694/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="181">Figs 33, 35</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF626673FFEAF52F96DD8393FC5E0E7F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035692" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15035692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035692/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="182" startId="6.[151,275,1517,1543]" targetBox="[151,1436,179,1493]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFEAF52F96DD8393FC5E0E7F" blockId="6.[151,1436,1517,1616]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEAF52F96DD8393FE940E37" bold="true" box="[151,360,1517,1543]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">FIGURES 17–28.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D78FFEAF52F97258393FDA60E38" authorityName="Wang &amp; Zhang &amp; Cao" authorityYear="2025" box="[367,602,1517,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Ishiharella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEAF52F97258393FDA60E38" box="[367,602,1517,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">Ishiharella trifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEAF52F942B8390FD170E37" bold="true" box="[609,747,1517,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A5792FFEAF52F942B8390FD400E38" box="[609,700,1518,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 17.
</emphasis>
Male genitalia, left lateral view;
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEAF52F922B8393FB780E37" bold="true" box="[1121,1156,1517,1543]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">18.</emphasis>
Subgenital plate, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEAF52F9696806FFF030E1B" bold="true" box="[220,255,1553,1579]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">19.</emphasis>
Male pygofer, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEAF52F9471806FFD4D0E1B" bold="true" box="[571,689,1553,1579]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">20, 23, 25.</emphasis>
Aedeagus, left lateral view;
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEAF52F95BB806FFB9B0E1B" bold="true" box="[1009,1127,1553,1579]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">21, 22, 24.</emphasis>
Aedeagus, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEAF52F9333806FFA600E1B" bold="true" box="[1401,1436,1553,1579]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">26.</emphasis>
Connective;
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEAF52F976F804BFEB40E7F" bold="true" box="[293,328,1589,1615]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">27.</emphasis>
Paramere;
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEAF52F9782804BFE170E7F" bold="true" box="[456,491,1589,1615]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">28.</emphasis>
Anal tube appendage, left lateral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3076570FFEAF52F968D80EAFDB40EE2" pageId="6" pageNumber="182" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFEAF52F968D80EAFDB40EE2" blockId="6.[199,1330,1684,1746]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEAF52F968D80EAFEB20E9E" bold="true" box="[199,334,1684,1710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">Etymology.</emphasis>
The new species is named after its
<typeStatus id="54A68859FFEAF52F949180EBFCF70E9F" box="[731,779,1685,1711]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">type</typeStatus>
locality: Wuxi County,
<collectingRegion id="49D9F819FFEAF52F925280EAFB680E9E" box="[1048,1172,1684,1710]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
Municipality.
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEAF52F968D80C6FE9D0EE2" bold="true" box="[199,353,1720,1746]" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30A766BFFEAF52F972D80C6FE560EE2" box="[359,426,1720,1746]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D9F819FFEAF52F97F380C6FDC00EE2" box="[441,572,1720,1746]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="6" pageNumber="182">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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166
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<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEDF52896DD84A9FEE10AC2" bold="true" box="[151,285,727,754]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Ishiharella</emphasis>
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Lu
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, 2015: 280
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Yu
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species.
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<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEDF5289709851DFDB60B4C" box="[323,586,866,892]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Empoasca polyphemus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEDF5289224851CFB140B4C" box="[1134,1256,866,892]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Ishiharella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8C4B0AFFEDF52892B9851CFF2E0B90" author="Dworakowska, I." pageId="1" pageNumber="177" pagination="707 - 716" refId="ref5292" refString="Dworakowska, I. (1970) On some genera of Typhlocybini and Empoascini (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae). Bulletin de l'Academie Polonaise des Sciences. Serie des Sciences Biologique s, 18 (11), 707-716." type="journal article" year="1970">Dworakowska, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEDF528968D85D7FEA50BF3" bold="true" box="[199,345,937,963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Description.</emphasis>
Body robust, cylindrical. General color sordid ochre to fuscous. Head with a central dark patch at the transition from vertex to face and pair of slim, bracket-like depressions on each side, sometimes with a dark patch in the center of crown posterior margin. Anteclypeus dark apically. Thorax with pair of slim, sinuated depressions on each side. Ocelli present. Face broad, width across eyes nearly equal to length, frontoclypeus swollen. Profile of transition to face rounded. Crown short and wide, rounded anteriorly, in dorsal view distinctly shorter than width between eyes, anterior and posterior margins subparallel, coronal suture present, usually indistinct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFEDF528968D82FCFCA60D38" blockId="1.[151,1437,865,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Pronotum large, lateral part general with a sinuate transverse depression on each side. Forewing narrow, rounded apically, 2nd apical cell broad at base and narrowed towards apex, veins RP, MP’ stalked, RP, MP’ and MP’’+CuA’ arise from m cell; c and r cells narrower than m and cua cells. Hindwing with CuA unbranched. Coloration of female same as male except abdomen brownish red, ovipositor brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFEDF528968D836CFC5D0E34" blockId="1.[151,1437,865,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Front femur intercalary row with 7–9 fine setae and 1 relatively large basal seta more distad, extended nearly half length of femur; row with 9–14 posteroventral setae (PV) situated on the whole tibia in a row from short to long and 1 pair of setae situated on apex of tibia; tarsus elongate, approximately one third length of tibia. Middle femur row PV slim, with 20–25 short, small setae in ventral view; tarsus almost same as tarsus in fore leg. Hind femur with macrosetal formula 2+1+1, tibia anteroventral row (AV) with 6 preapical macrosetae; anterodorsal setae (AD) and posterodorsal setae (PD) numerous, almost same size, both longer than posteroventral setae (PV), and row AV with 6–9 macrosetae near apex; tarsus longer than front and middle tarsus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFEDF528968D8070FD240F30" blockId="1.[151,1437,865,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Male basal abdominal apodemes not greatly enlarged. Male pygofer elongated, with ventral margins folded inward and forming a small process distally, with macrosetae caudally, ventral appendage absent. Dorsal bridge of pygofer short, about 1/3 as the length of pygofer lobe. Subgenital plate partly to completely fused, lateral margins infolded on both sides, with row of sublateral macrosetae. Basal group setae absent. Paramere elongate, apex variable interspecifically, spirally twisted, or bifurcated at apex and bearing a tooth basad of bifurcation. Aedeagus shaft tubular, structure complex, with processes basally. Anal tube process developed or short and truncated apically. Connective lamellate caudally and crimped basally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFEDF528968D8174FBE20F78" blockId="1.[151,1437,865,1936]" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEDF528968D8174FEED0F14" bold="true" box="[199,273,1802,1828]" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Notes.</emphasis>
Previous studies indicated that the coronal suture was absent, but the samples examined which were boiled the whole body in NaOH showed that the coronal suture can be observed.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEDF528968D812FFE9D0F5B" bold="true" box="[199,353,1873,1899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30A766BFFEDF5289721812CFE520F5C" box="[363,430,1874,1900]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D9F819FFEDF528978B812CFDF70F5C" box="[449,523,1874,1900]" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Anhui</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D9F819FFEDF5289450812CFD650F5C" box="[538,665,1874,1900]" country="China" name="Chongqing" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Chongqing</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D9F819FFEDF52894E3812CFCD30F5C" box="[681,815,1874,1900]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D9F819FFEDF5289577812CFC5C0F5C" box="[829,928,1874,1900]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D9F819FFEDF52895E5812CFBEE0F5C" box="[943,1042,1874,1900]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D9F819FFEDF5289268812CFB930F5C" box="[1058,1135,1874,1900]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Hunan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D9F819FFEDF5289234812CFB390F5C" box="[1150,1221,1874,1900]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Hubei</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D9F819FFEDF528929F812CFACE0F5C" box="[1237,1330,1874,1900]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D9F819FFEDF528930A812CFA650F5C" box="[1344,1433,1874,1900]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D9F819FFEDF52896DD8108FEFC0FA0" box="[151,256,1910,1936]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
);
<collectingCountry id="F30A766BFFEDF52897588108FE850FA0" box="[274,377,1910,1936]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Thailand</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F30A766BFFEDF52897CF8108FE340FA0" box="[389,456,1910,1936]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Japan</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F30A766BFFEDF52897998108FDDD0FA0" box="[467,545,1910,1936]" name="Russia" pageId="1" pageNumber="177">Russia</collectingCountry>
.
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<document id="86B13F633D3928BCA13AD07AD3A41B62" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5604.2.7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15035686" ID-ZooBank="BBB47F67-82FE-40F5-926C-A725A70374F6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1742146038463" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wang, Ran, Zhang, Yalin &amp; Cao, Yanghui" docDate="2025" docId="03B487EDFFEFF52D96DD8363FDD00F96" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5604.2.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5604 (2)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.2.7" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ishiharella trifurcata Wang, Zhang &amp; Cao, 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="180" masterDocId="FF8DFF95FFECF529964A867EFFFC0830" masterDocTitle="Review of the genus Ishiharella Dworakowska (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae), with description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="184" masterPageNumber="176" pageNumber="179" updateTime="1742146583348" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="FEAD1B64ABC74333E0D0BBF8BC08372E">Review of the genus Ishiharella Dworakowska (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae), with description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9DB239D63C58EB7560400D06EECD2C06">Zhang, Yalin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="7195DBE2DE988F41C411DF21D029039A">2025</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFEFF52A96DD8363FE010D07" blockId="3.[151,509,1309,1372]" box="[151,509,1309,1336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
<heading id="D0EA8197FFEFF52A96DD8363FE010D07" bold="true" box="[151,509,1309,1336]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEFF52A96DD8363FE010D07" bold="true" box="[151,509,1309,1336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D78FFEFF52A96DD8363FE640D07" authorityName="Wang &amp; Zhang &amp; Cao" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,408,1309,1336]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Ishiharella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEFF52A96DD8363FE640D07" bold="true" box="[151,408,1309,1336]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Ishiharella trifurcata</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C3076570FFEFF52A96DD833FFE050D6B" box="[151,505,1345,1372]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFEFF52A96DD833FFE050D6B" blockId="3.[151,509,1309,1372]" box="[151,505,1345,1372]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
(
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFEFF52A96D5833FFEFF0D6B" box="[159,259,1345,1371]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8. 1, 2, 3, 4" captionStartId="4.[151,275,1319,1345]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,342,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-91@4.[163,1424,342,1294]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. 1, 2, 3, 4. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 5, 6, 7, 8. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 1, 5. Male adult, dorsal view; 2, 6. Male adult, left lateral view; 3, 7. Head and thorax, dorsal view; 4, 8. Face. Scale bars = 1 mm (1, 2, 5, 6); 0.5 mm (3, 4, 7, 8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035688/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFEFF52A975A833FFE620D6C" box="[272,414,1345,1372]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15" captionStartId="5.[151,275,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,179,826]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[155,1433,179,826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 11, 16. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 9, 10, 11. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 12, 14, 16. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 13, 15. Abdominal apodeme. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035690/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">9–10, 12–15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFEFF52A97E0833FFE0D0D6B" box="[426,497,1345,1371]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="6.[151,275,1517,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 17. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 18. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 19. Male pygofer, dorsal view; 20, 23, 25. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 21, 22, 24. Aedeagus, dorsal view; 26. Connective; 27. Paramere; 28. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035692/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">17–28</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFEFF52A96DD83F7FC400DF7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1417,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEFF52A96DD83F7FEBB0D93" bold="true" box="[151,327,1417,1443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B753CA6FFEFF52A970483F7FEA90DF8" collectingDate="2022-06-23" collectionCode="NWAFU" country="China" county="Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County" location="Ran Wang" municipality="Hechi" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guangxi" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEFF52A970483F7FE470D93" bold="true" box="[334,443,1417,1443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
<typeStatus id="54A68859FFEFF52A970483F7FE470D93" box="[334,443,1417,1443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<specimenCount id="9D1BFD72FFEFF52A978283F4FE210D94" box="[456,477,1418,1444]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE3EFFEFF52A97A683F7FDAA0D93" box="[492,598,1417,1443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">NWAFU</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEFF52A942283F7FD4D0D93" bold="true" box="[616,689,1417,1443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
<collectingCountry id="F30A766BFFEFF52A942283F7FD4D0D93" box="[616,689,1417,1443]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">China</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D9F819FFEFF52A94F583F7FCDE0D93" box="[703,802,1417,1443]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC6AC81FFEFF52A956783F7FC8F0D93" box="[813,883,1417,1443]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Hechi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62C34E77FFEFF52A953483F7FABA0D93" box="[894,1350,1417,1444]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County</collectingCounty>
,
<date id="FFA3103BFFEFF52A931A83F7FF2E0DF7" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="2022-06-23">
<collectingDate id="EFE7E9D3FFEFF52A931A83F7FF2E0DF7" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" value="2022-06-23">23-VI-2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<location id="8EC26020FFEFF52A969783D0FEA90DF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B487EDFFEFF52D96DD8363FDD00F96:8EC26020FFEFF52A969783D0FEA90DF8" box="[221,341,1454,1480]" country="China" county="Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County" municipality="Hechi" name="Ran Wang" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" stateProvince="Guangxi">Ran Wang</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B753CA6FFEFF52A971583D3FC440DF7" box="[351,952,1453,1480]" collectingDate="2022-06-23" collectionCode="NWAFU" country="China" county="Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County" location="Ran Wang" municipality="Hechi" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" specimenCount="13" specimenCount-male="13" stateProvince="Guangxi" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEFF52A971583D3FE2B0DF7" bold="true" box="[351,471,1453,1479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
<typeStatus id="54A68859FFEFF52A971583D3FE2B0DF7" box="[351,471,1453,1479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<specimenCount id="9D1BFD72FFEFF52A97AF83D3FDCE0DF8" box="[485,562,1453,1480]" count="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="male">13 ♂♂</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0CAE3EFFEFF52A940B83D3FD570DF7" box="[577,683,1453,1479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">NWAFU</collectionCode>
), same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3076570FFEFF52D968D83AFFB4F0F0A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="3" pageNumber="179" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFEFF52A968D83AFFD750DDC" blockId="3.[151,1437,1417,2020]" box="[199,649,1489,1516]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFEFF52A968D83AFFEA50DDB" bold="true" box="[199,345,1489,1515]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Description.</emphasis>
Length: male 4.0–4.3 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFEFF52A968D838BFCB30EAF" blockId="3.[151,1437,1417,2020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
General color red brown. Area between eyes with two pigmented depressions and yellowish patches, posterior margin with median brownish patch. Eyes black. Ocelli white. Face whitish yellow, anteclypeus with apex black. Pronotum dark centrally, with black sinuate transverse depression on each side. Scutellum yellow, apex black, scutoscutellar sulcus black brownish. Abdomen slightly brown infuscated in midline dorsally. Forewing brown, hind wing hyaline. Legs sordid except claws black (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFEFF52A949680FBFCBE0EAF" box="[732,834,1669,1695]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8. 1, 2, 3, 4" captionStartId="4.[151,275,1319,1345]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,342,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-91@4.[163,1424,342,1294]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. 1, 2, 3, 4. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 5, 6, 7, 8. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 1, 5. Male adult, dorsal view; 2, 6. Male adult, left lateral view; 3, 7. Head and thorax, dorsal view; 4, 8. Face. Scale bars = 1 mm (1, 2, 5, 6); 0.5 mm (3, 4, 7, 8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035688/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFEFF52D968D80D7FE4D0971" blockId="3.[151,1437,1417,2020]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">
Male 2S abdominal apodemes reaching basal of segment IV, basal apodemes broad, apically narrowed (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFEFF52A930880D7FF4A0ED8" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15" captionStartId="5.[151,275,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,179,826]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[155,1433,179,826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 11, 16. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 9, 10, 11. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 12, 14, 16. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 13, 15. Abdominal apodeme. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035690/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Figs 13, 15</figureCitation>
). Male pygofer brown, strongly narrowed in apical half, with filamentous setae on outer face near dorsal margin, apex pointed and curved upward, caudoventral protrusion of pygofer short, in lateral view not surpassing the end of pygofer side, in dorsal aspect skeletonized and incised subbasally (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFEFF52A9539816BFBF60F1F" box="[883,1034,1813,1839]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15" captionStartId="5.[151,275,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,179,826]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[155,1433,179,826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 11, 16. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 9, 10, 11. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 12, 14, 16. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 13, 15. Abdominal apodeme. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035690/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Figs 9, 12, 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFEFF52A925E816BFBA70F1F" box="[1044,1115,1813,1839]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="6.[151,275,1517,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 17. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 18. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 19. Male pygofer, dorsal view; 20, 23, 25. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 21, 22, 24. Aedeagus, dorsal view; 26. Connective; 27. Paramere; 28. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035692/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">17, 19</figureCitation>
). Subgenital plate surpassing pygofer lobe, separated in basal 1/3, slightly expanded basally, apex rounded; ca. 24 macrosetae uniseriate in most part; arising near basal 1/4 of plate with 6–7 feeble macrosetae in alignment, reaching apex (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFEFF52A92D48123FAC60F47" box="[1182,1338,1885,1911]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15" captionStartId="5.[151,275,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,179,826]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[155,1433,179,826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 11, 16. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 9, 10, 11. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 12, 14, 16. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 13, 15. Abdominal apodeme. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035690/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">Figs 9, 12, 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFEFF52A930C8123FA730F47" box="[1350,1423,1885,1911]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="6.[151,275,1517,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 17. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 18. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 19. Male pygofer, dorsal view; 20, 23, 25. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 21, 22, 24. Aedeagus, dorsal view; 26. Connective; 27. Paramere; 28. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035692/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="179">17–18</figureCitation>
). Aedeagal shaft slim and long, with even width from base to apex, gonopore vterminal; dorsoatrium shorter than shaft, near the apex of the dorsally protrusion bifurcated, spread out to the sides extended, with a slightly curved apex; basoventral protrusion of aedeagus much longer and wider than shaft, broadened basally and tapering to apex in lateral view, basally with a broad cavity which is connected with the connective basoventrally (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE8F52D929986E9FA6B0881" box="[1235,1431,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15" captionStartId="5.[151,275,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,179,826]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[155,1433,179,826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 11, 16. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 9, 10, 11. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 12, 14, 16. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 13, 15. Abdominal apodeme. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035690/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Figs 9, 10, 12, 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE8F52D96DD86C5FF2308E5" box="[151,223,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="6.[151,275,1517,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 17. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 18. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 19. Male pygofer, dorsal view; 20, 23, 25. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 21, 22, 24. Aedeagus, dorsal view; 26. Connective; 27. Paramere; 28. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035692/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">20, 21</figureCitation>
). Connective lamellate caudally and crimped basally, caudal margin concave medially (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE8F52D92E786C5FB0908E5" box="[1197,1269,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15" captionStartId="5.[151,275,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,179,826]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[155,1433,179,826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 11, 16. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 9, 10, 11. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 12, 14, 16. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 13, 15. Abdominal apodeme. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035690/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Figs 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE8F52D934A86C5FADC08E5" box="[1280,1312,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="6.[151,275,1517,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 17. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 18. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 19. Male pygofer, dorsal view; 20, 23, 25. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 21, 22, 24. Aedeagus, dorsal view; 26. Connective; 27. Paramere; 28. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035692/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">26</figureCitation>
). Paramere almost the same length with pygofer, subbasally adorned with 3–4 teeth laterally, bifurcated at nearly apex and bearing a lamellar process basad of bifurcation (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE8F52D94FC877DFCFC092D" box="[694,768,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15" captionStartId="5.[151,275,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,179,826]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[155,1433,179,826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 11, 16. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 9, 10, 11. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 12, 14, 16. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 13, 15. Abdominal apodeme. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035690/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Figs 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE8F52D9546877DFCD0092D" box="[780,812,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="6.[151,275,1517,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 17. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 18. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 19. Male pygofer, dorsal view; 20, 23, 25. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 21, 22, 24. Aedeagus, dorsal view; 26. Connective; 27. Paramere; 28. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035692/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">27</figureCitation>
). Anal tube appendage developed, skeletonized, curved toward apex (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE8F52D977A8759FE840971" box="[304,376,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15" captionStartId="5.[151,275,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,179,826]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[155,1433,179,826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 11, 16. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 9, 10, 11. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 12, 14, 16. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 13, 15. Abdominal apodeme. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035690/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Figs 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE8F52D97CE8759FE580971" box="[388,420,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="6.[151,275,1517,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 17. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 18. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 19. Male pygofer, dorsal view; 20, 23, 25. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 21, 22, 24. Aedeagus, dorsal view; 26. Connective; 27. Paramere; 28. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035692/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">28</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF626673FFE8F52D96DD8359FE310DBA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035688" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15035688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035688/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" startId="4.[151,275,1319,1345]" targetBox="[163,1424,342,1294]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFE8F52D96DD8359FE310DBA" blockId="4.[151,1436,1319,1418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE8F52D96DD8359FE470D71" bold="true" box="[151,443,1319,1345]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">FIGURES 1–8. 1, 2, 3, 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D78FFE8F52D97888356FD500D72" authorityName="Wang &amp; Zhang &amp; Cao" authorityYear="2025" box="[450,684,1320,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Ishiharella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE8F52D97888356FD500D72" box="[450,684,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Ishiharella trifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE8F52D94F98356FC7F0D71" bold="true" box="[691,899,1319,1346]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A5792FFE8F52D94F98356FCF20D72" box="[691,782,1320,1346]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 5, 6, 7, 8.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D78FFE8F52D95C08356FB8B0D71" authorityName="Wang &amp; Zhang &amp; Cao" authorityYear="2025" box="[906,1143,1320,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Ishiharella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuxiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE8F52D95C08356FB8B0D71" box="[906,1143,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Ishiharella wuxiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE8F52D92348356FAEA0D72" bold="true" box="[1150,1302,1319,1346]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25A5792FFE8F52D92348356FB250D72" box="[1150,1241,1320,1346]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 1, 5.
</emphasis>
Male adult, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE8F52D976D8335FEA40D55" bold="true" box="[295,344,1355,1381]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">2, 6.</emphasis>
Male adult, left lateral view;
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE8F52D94EB8335FD2E0D56" bold="true" box="[673,722,1355,1382]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">3, 7.</emphasis>
Head and thorax, dorsal view;
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE8F52D92648335FBA30D55" bold="true" box="[1070,1119,1355,1381]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">4, 8.</emphasis>
Face. Scale bars = 1 mm (1, 2, 5, 6); 0.5 mm (3, 4, 7, 8).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFE8F52D968D83A2FBBB0E9A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1500,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE8F52D968D83A2FEED0DC6" bold="true" box="[199,273,1500,1526]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Notes.</emphasis>
This new species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D78FFE8F52D94CA83A2FC580DC6" authority="Lu &amp; Qin" authorityName="Lu &amp; Qin" authorityYear="2015" box="[640,932,1500,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Ishiharella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradentata">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE8F52D94CA83A2FCDF0DC6" box="[640,803,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">I. paradentata</emphasis>
Lu &amp; Qin
</taxonomicName>
, but differs in male genitalia (features of
<taxonomicName id="4C1D4D78FFE8F52D93C683A2FEDC0E2A" authorityName="Lu &amp; Qin" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Ishiharella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paradentata">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE8F52D93C683A2FEDC0E2A" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">I. paradentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in parentheses): dorsoatrium of aedeagus skeletonized with bifurcates and curved apically (dorsoatrium slightly radian, skeletonized basally and membranous apically) (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE8F52D9528805AFC190E0E" box="[866,997,1572,1598]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="6.[151,275,1517,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 17. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 18. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 19. Male pygofer, dorsal view; 20, 23, 25. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 21, 22, 24. Aedeagus, dorsal view; 26. Connective; 27. Paramere; 28. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035692/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Figs 20–21</figureCitation>
); aedeagal shaft glabrate, without small teeth (aedeagal shaft with 4–5 small teeth apically) (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE8F52D94A88036FC9A0E52" box="[738,870,1608,1634]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="6.[151,275,1517,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 17. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 18. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 19. Male pygofer, dorsal view; 20, 23, 25. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 21, 22, 24. Aedeagus, dorsal view; 26. Connective; 27. Paramere; 28. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035692/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Figs 20–21</figureCitation>
); caudoventral protrusion of pygofer short and not surpassing the end of pygofer side, curved dorsad and without teeth (caudoventral protrusion of pygofer significantly surpassing the end of pygofer side, ventrally bearing a tooth medially) (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE8F52D95F280EEFBC60E9A" box="[952,1082,1680,1706]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="6.[151,275,1517,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 17. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 18. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 19. Male pygofer, dorsal view; 20, 23, 25. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 21, 22, 24. Aedeagus, dorsal view; 26. Connective; 27. Paramere; 28. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035692/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Figs 17, 19</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFE8F52D968D80CAFB4F0F0A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1500,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
It is noteworthy that the variation of aedeagal dorsoatrium is evident (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE8F52D959A80CAFBAC0EFE" box="[976,1104,1715,1742]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="6.[151,275,1517,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 17. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 18. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 19. Male pygofer, dorsal view; 20, 23, 25. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 21, 22, 24. Aedeagus, dorsal view; 26. Connective; 27. Paramere; 28. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035692/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Figs 20–25</figureCitation>
) although the other structures of male genitalia are nearly identical among samples. The aedeagal dorsoatrium of
<specimenCount id="9D1BFD72FFE8F52D920780A6FB220EC2" box="[1101,1246,1752,1778]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype</specimenCount>
bifurcates at the base with a dorsally protruding curved apex turning left in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE8F52D95F68082FBBC0F26" box="[956,1088,1788,1814]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="6.[151,275,1517,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 17. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 18. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 19. Male pygofer, dorsal view; 20, 23, 25. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 21, 22, 24. Aedeagus, dorsal view; 26. Connective; 27. Paramere; 28. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035692/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Figs 22–23</figureCitation>
). In another
<typeStatus id="54A68859FFE8F52D92868082FAD30F26" box="[1228,1327,1788,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, although dorsoatrium bifurcates near the apex, apicad of which is strongly curved (
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE8F52D9585815EFBAC0F0A" box="[975,1104,1824,1850]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15" captionStartId="5.[151,275,850,876]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,179,826]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[155,1433,179,826]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 11, 16. Ishiharella wuxiensis sp. nov., 9, 10, 11. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 12, 14, 16. Male genitalia, dorsal view; 13, 15. Abdominal apodeme. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035690/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Figs 10, 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13262A7EFFE8F52D92168161FB5B0F0A" box="[1116,1191,1823,1850]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–28" captionStartId="6.[151,275,1517,1543]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,179,1493]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 17–28. Ishiharella trifurcata sp. nov., 17. Male genitalia, left lateral view; 18. Subgenital plate, ventral view; 19. Male pygofer, dorsal view; 20, 23, 25. Aedeagus, left lateral view; 21, 22, 24. Aedeagus, dorsal view; 26. Connective; 27. Paramere; 28. Anal tube appendage, left lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035692" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035692/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">24–25</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3076570FFE8F52D968D813AFDF90FB2" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFE8F52D968D813AFDF90FB2" blockId="4.[151,1437,1500,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE8F52D968D813AFEB20F6E" bold="true" box="[199,334,1860,1886]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name is derived from the Latin word “
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE8F52D9567813AFC5E0F6E" box="[813,930,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">trifurcatus</emphasis>
” (branch), referring to the trifurcate aedeagal processes of the
<typeStatus id="54A68859FFE8F52D971B8116FE7D0FB2" box="[337,385,1896,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">type</typeStatus>
specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3076570FFE8F52D968D81F5FDD00F96" box="[199,556,1931,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA236FBFFE8F52D968D81F5FDD00F96" blockId="4.[151,1437,1500,1958]" box="[199,556,1931,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">
<emphasis id="B969EAE9FFE8F52D968D81F5FE9D0F95" bold="true" box="[199,353,1931,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30A766BFFE8F52D972D81F2FE560F96" box="[359,426,1932,1958]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D9F819FFE8F52D97F381F2FDDC0F96" box="[441,544,1932,1958]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="4" pageNumber="180">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="5614467F62C4561ED033A40AD3F059C8">A new species of genus Aeropedellus (Acrididae: Gomphocerinae) from China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BFC70928DA7065CF81EE2427F38DD177">Chen, Jian-Yu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CE876A3F926DEBE6AED62269E9A3CE49">Liubu, Baidanxuezha</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C5D8C45CB24067E291594E3E922A8A28" type="ORCID">0009-0004-4361-4210</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="627627963A4B1ABEDAEEDC0657C548A8">Forestry and grassland Bureau of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Ganzi 626700, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B0865282399125DCF60B2EDBC3B62007" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2C69414C119DA2BD80E9C9AD21F5A3B1">
<mods:roleTerm id="6A0837A0C978737071BC7DC639B19ADF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CB98488930E8B0B4BE60040F14EE47CD">Yang, Ting-Yong</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7F906C2894D8D7F92E892DC88047EF0D" type="ORCID">0009-0003-7304-6333</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="FE77B7931533F10D0369ECF6C2638580">Forestry and grassland Bureau of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Ganzi 626700, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5A5931A3D78A3BA367BC0B1DA53041C9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C30E5F8DD666A7E351A9579BE42047C5">
<mods:roleTerm id="37EE074B06F7BE0EB47D60C0D016D3A8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="24327E65C5AFB5C99CEF58C09E6B5E75">Li, Xin-Jiang</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="335180F80477F0453E7BCFC776BE27E9">The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="27B2699F5DCD407464542B5BA8D78AD7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="EE064F26497FF6CD01F968F8FBA4C4A3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="6D0F53D3A445B7618BC1950B31B32AA7">
<mods:date id="C50740C86B773E5229ADEB51DAF0A14C">2025</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="FBA1951E0C5CED4033673BD5F333DC21" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="4BD119004A189FA3FFA6910C633A3B43">2025-03-14</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="8E4C61DDEA0EDA2F1200F87E65A039DA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0DA0B38FBFFCA419CE5210E0881A8F94">5604</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="FBEA4448609A214D72F61B08ED518E91" type="issue">
<mods:number id="6BEAD4983651C1AC8592A43FCE969CEC">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F5D9381EB864FD4FA3DD1F4770CE6014">394</mods:start>
<mods:end id="99FC3DF4401E67CEF232B1B97F6E4EAB">398</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="1512330A01A63F5C22EA75162AC5E769">
<mods:url id="E5A986C26B39F696794F6D176E84163C">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.12</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="53C295EEB54B9836D1D605976CFE136F">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A76E4BFB3B58D6AD4B6D5B45B1788C61" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.12</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3449869C16EFD94D2EAB7613FA8B75E9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2AEF09F6C3C3A3007D51E8B8A935C6EC" type="Zenodo-Dep">15035776</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B887D2132EFF86FF5924D9FED6FDF9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035760" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15035760" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B887D2132EFF86FF5924D9FED6FDF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B887D2132EFF86FF5924D9FED6FDF9" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">
<subSubSection id="C30B654F132EFF85FF5924D9FC5AF940" box="[151,989,1669,1696]" pageId="0" pageNumber="394" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAE36C4132EFF85FF5924D9FC5AF940" blockId="0.[151,989,1669,1696]" box="[151,989,1669,1696]" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">
<heading id="D0E681A8132EFF85FF5924D9FC5AF940" bold="true" box="[151,989,1669,1696]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="394" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132EFF85FF5924D9FC5AF940" bold="true" box="[151,989,1669,1696]" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">
<taxonomicName id="4C114D47132EFF85FF5924D9FDC0F940" authority="Chen &amp; Li" authorityName="Chen &amp; Li" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,583,1669,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Aeropedellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="394" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganziensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132EFF85FF5924D9FE3CF940" bold="true" box="[151,443,1669,1696]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">Aeropedellus ganziensis</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Li
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25657AD132EFF85FD8024DAFD2BF940" box="[590,684,1670,1696]" pageId="0" pageNumber="394" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="132A2A41132EFF85FD7224DAFCC2F940" box="[700,837,1670,1696]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[224,1373,179,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-30@1.[214,1373,179,1870]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–G. Aeropedellus ganziensis Chen &amp; Li sp. nov., A–D holotype, A. Body in lateral view ♂ B. Dorsal of pronotum and head ♂ C. Tegmina ♂ D. Lateral view of inside hind femur ♂ E–G paratype, E. Body in lateral view ♀ F. Tegmina ♀ G. Dorsal of pronotum and head ♀. scale=1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035778/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">Fig. 1 A–G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132A2A41132EFF85FC9C24DAFC51F940" box="[850,982,1670,1696]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[156,1421,606,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-227@2.[151,1436,594,1798]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F. Aeropedellus ganziensis Chen &amp; Li sp. nov., male: A–C dorsal, ventral, and front views of epiphallus D–F. dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of phallic complex. Scales = 0.2 mm in A–C and 0.5 mm in D–F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035780/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">Fig. 2 A–F</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B654F132EFF85FF592492FB09F908" box="[151,1166,1742,1769]" pageId="0" pageNumber="394" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAE36C4132EFF85FF592492FB09F908" blockId="0.[151,1436,1742,2020]" box="[151,1166,1742,1769]" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">
<materialsCitation id="3B793C99132EFF85FF592492FB09F908" box="[151,1166,1742,1769]" collectingDate="2023-07-23" country="China" location="Ganzi" pageId="0" pageNumber="394" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="6" stateProvince="Sichuan" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132EFF85FF592492FE83F908" bold="true" box="[151,260,1742,1768]" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">
<typeStatus id="54AA8866132EFF85FF592492FE83F908" box="[151,260,1742,1768]" pageId="0" pageNumber="394" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D17FD4D132EFF85FEC52492FEA5F908" box="[267,290,1742,1768]" count="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="394" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132EFF85FEE02492FE1BF908" bold="true" box="[302,412,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">
<typeStatus id="54AA8866132EFF85FEE02492FE1BF908" box="[302,412,1742,1768]" pageId="0" pageNumber="394" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D17FD4D132EFF85FE6D2492FE41F909" box="[419,454,1742,1769]" count="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="394" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D17FD4D132EFF85FE032492FE77F909" box="[461,496,1742,1769]" count="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="394" type="male">5♂</specimenCount>
<location id="8ECE601F132EFF85FE392492FDBAF908" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B887D2132EFF86FF5924D9FED6FDF9:8ECE601F132EFF85FE392492FDBAF908" box="[503,573,1742,1768]" country="China" name="Ganzi" pageId="0" pageNumber="394" stateProvince="Sichuan">Ganzi</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D5F826132EFF85FD862492FD22F908" box="[584,677,1742,1768]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3067654132EFF85FD7F2492FD7FF908" box="[689,760,1742,1768]" name="China" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">China</collectingCountry>
.
<date id="FFAF1004132EFF85FCCF2492FC18F908" box="[769,927,1742,1768]" pageId="0" pageNumber="394" value="2023-07-23">
<collectingDate id="EFEBE9EC132EFF85FCCF2492FC18F908" box="[769,927,1742,1768]" pageId="0" pageNumber="394" value="2023-07-23">2023. VII. 23.</collectingDate>
</date>
Coll.
<collectingRegion id="49D5F826132EFF85FC2A2492FBB2F908" box="[996,1077,1742,1768]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">Hainan</collectingRegion>
Chong.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B654F132EFF86FF0924AEFAC2FE31" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="397" pageId="0" pageNumber="394" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAE36C4132EFF85FF0924AEFC6EF8EC" blockId="0.[151,1436,1742,2020]" box="[199,1001,1778,1804]" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132EFF85FF0924AEFEC9F8EC" bold="true" box="[199,334,1778,1804]" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet is named after Ganzi, the
<typeStatus id="54AA8866132EFF85FC9624AEFC0FF8EC" box="[856,904,1778,1804]" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">type</typeStatus>
locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36C4132EFF87FF09254AFE49FDDD" blockId="0.[151,1436,1742,2020]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,150,573]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="396" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132EFF85FF09254AFE8CF8D0" bold="true" box="[199,267,1814,1840]" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">Male.</emphasis>
Body small (
<figureCitation id="132A2A41132EFF85FE50254AFE7CF8D0" box="[414,507,1814,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[224,1373,179,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-30@1.[214,1373,179,1870]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–G. Aeropedellus ganziensis Chen &amp; Li sp. nov., A–D holotype, A. Body in lateral view ♂ B. Dorsal of pronotum and head ♂ C. Tegmina ♂ D. Lateral view of inside hind femur ♂ E–G paratype, E. Body in lateral view ♀ F. Tegmina ♀ G. Dorsal of pronotum and head ♀. scale=1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035778/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">Fig. 1 A</figureCitation>
). Fastigium sharp in dorsal view, with long and distinct fastigial foveolve (
<figureCitation id="132A2A41132EFF85FAFC254AFA09F8D0" box="[1330,1422,1814,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[224,1373,179,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-30@1.[214,1373,179,1870]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–G. Aeropedellus ganziensis Chen &amp; Li sp. nov., A–D holotype, A. Body in lateral view ♂ B. Dorsal of pronotum and head ♂ C. Tegmina ♂ D. Lateral view of inside hind femur ♂ E–G paratype, E. Body in lateral view ♀ F. Tegmina ♀ G. Dorsal of pronotum and head ♀. scale=1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035778/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="394">Fig. 1 B</figureCitation>
). Frons slightly oblique in profile, frontal costa distinct and concave in median ocellus. Antennae long, 21 segments, nearly reached the posterior of pronotum, and slightly clubbed in terminal. Eyes oval; vertical diameter of eyes 1.2– 1.3 times that of transverse and 1.3–1.4 times subocular furrows. Median carina and both lateral carinae of pronotum distinct, lateral carinae curved in median; last transverse sulci cut median carina and lateral carinae deeply; the length of prozona 1.1 times metazoan; the maximum width of inner lateral carinae is 1.7 times minimum. The width of metasternal interspace is 1.5 times length, and nearly equal than metasternal lobes. Tegmina long, reached the base of epiproct and half of hind femur; the width of the median vein area is two times that of the cubital vein area (
<figureCitation id="132A2A41132CFF87FF512283FE87FF19" box="[159,256,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[224,1373,179,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-30@1.[214,1373,179,1870]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–G. Aeropedellus ganziensis Chen &amp; Li sp. nov., A–D holotype, A. Body in lateral view ♂ B. Dorsal of pronotum and head ♂ C. Tegmina ♂ D. Lateral view of inside hind femur ♂ E–G paratype, E. Body in lateral view ♀ F. Tegmina ♀ G. Dorsal of pronotum and head ♀. scale=1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035778/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Fig. 1 C</figureCitation>
). Hind femur with stridulatory pegs in inner lower carinula, both upper and lower lateral genicular lobes round (
<figureCitation id="132A2A41132CFF87FF27235FFECBFEFD" box="[233,332,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[224,1373,179,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-30@1.[214,1373,179,1870]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–G. Aeropedellus ganziensis Chen &amp; Li sp. nov., A–D holotype, A. Body in lateral view ♂ B. Dorsal of pronotum and head ♂ C. Tegmina ♂ D. Lateral view of inside hind femur ♂ E–G paratype, E. Body in lateral view ♀ F. Tegmina ♀ G. Dorsal of pronotum and head ♀. scale=1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035778/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Fig. 1 D</figureCitation>
). The length of hind femur 4.3 times as long as wide. Hind tibia with 11 spines on inner side and outer side, external apical spine absent. Tympanal organ develop, broad-ovate. Epiproct with longitudinal groove in middle, and with denticles on the middle of both sides. Cerci long, flattened, broadly ovate in lateral view, tip obtusely rounded. Subgenital plate short conical. Arolium between claws small, not reached the median of claws. Epiphallus inverted trapezoid; bridge bend up slightly; ancorae angular, curving inwards, with sharp tips; anterior projections angular, on higher than ancorae in dorsal and ventral views; lateral plates incline outwards; posterior projections extending outwards, small; lophi large, divide in two parts (
<figureCitation id="132A2A41132CFF87FC742387FBC4FE15" box="[954,1091,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[156,1421,606,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-227@2.[151,1436,594,1798]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F. Aeropedellus ganziensis Chen &amp; Li sp. nov., male: A–C dorsal, ventral, and front views of epiphallus D–F. dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of phallic complex. Scales = 0.2 mm in A–C and 0.5 mm in D–F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035780/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Fig. 2. A–C</figureCitation>
). In phallic complex, length of the apical valves of penis nearly equal than cingulum valves; apodemes short than basal valves of penis, and slightly sharp at apice (
<figureCitation id="132A2A41132CFF87FE8E207FFE45FDDD" box="[320,450,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1824,1848]" captionTargetBox="[156,1421,606,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-227@2.[151,1436,594,1798]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–F. Aeropedellus ganziensis Chen &amp; Li sp. nov., male: A–C dorsal, ventral, and front views of epiphallus D–F. dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of phallic complex. Scales = 0.2 mm in A–C and 0.5 mm in D–F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035780/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Fig. 2 D–E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6E664C132FFF84FF592535FDDDF829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035778" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15035778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035778/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="395" startId="1.[151,250,1897,1921]" targetBox="[224,1373,179,1870]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAE36C4132FFF84FF592535FDDDF829" blockId="1.[151,1437,1897,1993]" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132FFF84FF592535FE8BF861" bold="true" box="[151,268,1897,1921]" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. A–G.
<taxonomicName id="4C114D47132FFF84FE9D2535FD3FF861" authority="Chen &amp; Li" authorityName="Chen &amp; Li" authorityYear="2025" box="[339,696,1897,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Aeropedellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="395" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganziensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132FFF84FE9D2535FDCFF861" box="[339,584,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">Aeropedellus ganziensis</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Li
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132FFF84FD732535FC94F861" bold="true" box="[701,787,1897,1921]" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25657AD132FFF84FD732535FC88F861" box="[701,783,1897,1921]" pageId="1" pageNumber="395" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
A–D
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132FFF84FC802535FC20F861" bold="true" box="[846,935,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">holotype</emphasis>
, A. Body in lateral view ♂ B. Dorsal of pronotum and head ♂ C. Tegmina ♂ D. Lateral view of inside hind femur ♂ E–G
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132FFF84FCB425D1FC53F844" bold="true" box="[890,980,1933,1956]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="395">paratype</emphasis>
, E. Body in lateral view ♀ F. Tegmina ♀ G. Dorsal of pronotum and head ♀. scale=1cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6E664C132CFF87FF59257CFBFCF8BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035780" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15035780" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035780/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" startId="2.[151,250,1824,1848]" targetBox="[156,1421,606,1791]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAE36C4132CFF87FF59257CFBFCF8BC" blockId="2.[151,1437,1824,1884]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132CFF87FF59257CFE89F8D8" bold="true" box="[151,270,1824,1848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. A–F.
<taxonomicName id="4C114D47132CFF87FE9C257CFD3AF8D8" authority="Chen &amp; Li" authorityName="Chen &amp; Li" authorityYear="2025" box="[338,701,1824,1848]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Aeropedellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ganziensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132CFF87FE9C257CFDCFF8D8" box="[338,584,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">Aeropedellus ganziensis</emphasis>
Chen &amp; Li
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132CFF87FD0A257CFC91F8D8" bold="true" box="[708,790,1824,1848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25657AD132CFF87FD0A257CFC91F8D8" box="[708,790,1824,1848]" pageId="2" pageNumber="396" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male: A–C dorsal, ventral, and front views of epiphallus D–F. dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of phallic complex. Scales = 0.2 mm in A–C and 0.5 mm in D–F.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAE36C4132DFF86FF0922CBFADFFEFD" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132DFF86FF0922CBFEA2FF51" bold="true" box="[199,293,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="397">Female.</emphasis>
Body larger than male (
<figureCitation id="132A2A41132DFF86FDFD22CBFD17FF51" box="[563,656,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[224,1373,179,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-30@1.[214,1373,179,1870]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–G. Aeropedellus ganziensis Chen &amp; Li sp. nov., A–D holotype, A. Body in lateral view ♂ B. Dorsal of pronotum and head ♂ C. Tegmina ♂ D. Lateral view of inside hind femur ♂ E–G paratype, E. Body in lateral view ♀ F. Tegmina ♀ G. Dorsal of pronotum and head ♀. scale=1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035778/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1 E</figureCitation>
), antennae short and stout, the length of median segment equal width, not reaching posterior margin of pronotum. The maximum of inner lateral carinae in pronotum is 1.9–2.0 times minimum (
<figureCitation id="132A2A41132DFF86FEDB2283FEF1FF19" box="[277,374,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[224,1373,179,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-30@1.[214,1373,179,1870]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–G. Aeropedellus ganziensis Chen &amp; Li sp. nov., A–D holotype, A. Body in lateral view ♂ B. Dorsal of pronotum and head ♂ C. Tegmina ♂ D. Lateral view of inside hind femur ♂ E–G paratype, E. Body in lateral view ♀ F. Tegmina ♀ G. Dorsal of pronotum and head ♀. scale=1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035778/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1 F</figureCitation>
). Tegmina short, reaching end of 2nd abdominal tergite (
<figureCitation id="132A2A41132DFF86FBCD2283FBEEFF19" box="[1027,1129,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[224,1373,179,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-30@1.[214,1373,179,1870]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–G. Aeropedellus ganziensis Chen &amp; Li sp. nov., A–D holotype, A. Body in lateral view ♂ B. Dorsal of pronotum and head ♂ C. Tegmina ♂ D. Lateral view of inside hind femur ♂ E–G paratype, E. Body in lateral view ♀ F. Tegmina ♀ G. Dorsal of pronotum and head ♀. scale=1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035778" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035778/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="397">Fig. 1 G</figureCitation>
). The width of metasternal interspace is 2 times length. Ovipositor valve terminally hooked; the lower margin with a row of small teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36C4132DFF86FF09237AFEAFFE69" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132DFF86FF09237AFEC8FEA0" bold="true" box="[199,335,294,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="397">Coloration.</emphasis>
Body brown or green. Lateral carinae of pronotum with two black strips. Hind femur brown or green, with one black spot at medial base; terminal black. Hind tibia yellow, black slightly in terminal, apically of spines black.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE36C4132DFF86FF0923CFFAC2FE31" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132DFF86FF0923CFFEECFE4D" bold="true" box="[199,363,403,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="397">Measurement</emphasis>
(in mm): Length of body:
<specimenCount id="9D17FD4D132DFF86FD6823CFFD3EFE4D" box="[678,697,403,429]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="397" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
11.88–13.3,
<specimenCount id="9D17FD4D132DFF86FC8723CEFCD0FE4D" box="[841,855,402,429]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="397" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
14.83–18.75. Length of pronotum:
<specimenCount id="9D17FD4D132DFF86FB3C23CFFA82FE4D" box="[1266,1285,403,429]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="397" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
2.98–3.34,
<specimenCount id="9D17FD4D132DFF86FA4923CFFA1BFE4D" box="[1415,1436,403,429]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="397" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
3.57–4.12. Length of tegmina:
<specimenCount id="9D17FD4D132DFF86FE3D23EAFD81FE31" box="[499,518,438,465]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="397" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
5.22–6.93,
<specimenCount id="9D17FD4D132DFF86FD4823EAFD13FE31" box="[646,660,438,465]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="397" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
4.17–5.88. Length of hind femur:
<specimenCount id="9D17FD4D132DFF86FBD623EAFBACFE31" box="[1048,1067,438,465]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="397" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
7.78–8.75,
<specimenCount id="9D17FD4D132DFF86FB6523EBFB3EFE31" box="[1195,1209,439,465]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="397" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
9.16–10.63.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B654F132DFF86FF092386FED6FDF9" pageId="3" pageNumber="397" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAE36C4132DFF86FF092386FED6FDF9" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="397">
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132DFF86FF092386FEC5FE14" bold="true" box="[199,322,474,500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="397">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The new species is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C114D47132DFF86FD642387FBE2FE15" authority="Yin, 1984" authorityName="Yin" authorityYear="1984" box="[682,1125,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Aeropedellus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="397" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="changtunensis">
<emphasis id="B965EAD6132DFF86FD642387FC60FE15" box="[682,999,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="397">Aeropedellus changtunensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF804B35132DFF86FC3E2387FBE2FE15" author="Yin, X. C." box="[1008,1125,475,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="397" pagination="218 - 222" refId="ref1739" refString="Yin, X. C. (1984) n. k. In: Grasshoppers and locusts from Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 218-222" type="book chapter" year="1984">Yin, 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The major differences are listed in
<tableCitation id="C693037F132DFF86FF3923A3FECCFDF9" box="[247,331,511,537]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,584,608]" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of Aeropedellus ganziensis Chen &amp; Li sp. nov. and Aeropedellus changtunensis Yin, 1984." pageId="3" pageNumber="397">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="B908E16BFF892B0DFF4D7ED5FD36FC67" bold="true" box="[151,715,943,970]" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF892B0DFF4D7ED5FDE9FC64" bold="true" box="[151,532,943,970]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">Xylosandrus derupteterminatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4088FF892B0DFDF97ED5FD3EFC67" author="Schedl, K. E." box="[547,707,943,969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" pagination="41 - 98" refId="ref8180" refString="Schedl, K. E. (1951) Fauna Indomalayaensis, I. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 93, 41-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935008654721" type="journal article" year="1951">Schedl, 1951</bibRefCitation>
)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC33D79FF892B0DFF4D7962FD8BFB81" blockId="5.[151,770,1047,1102]" box="[151,630,1047,1072]" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="B908E16BFF892B0DFF4D7962FE43FB9E" box="[151,446,1048,1072]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">Xyleborus derupteterminatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4088FF892B0DFE1E7962FD8FFB81" author="Schedl, K. E." box="[452,626,1047,1072]" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" pagination="41 - 98" refId="ref8180" refString="Schedl, K. E. (1951) Fauna Indomalayaensis, I. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 93, 41-98. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935008654721" type="journal article" year="1951">Schedl, 1951: 64</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B908E16BFF892B0DFF4D794CFE2BFBE0" box="[151,470,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">Xylosandrus derupteterminatus</emphasis>
(Schedl)
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFED4088FF892B0DFDE5794CFD08FBE0" author="Schedl, K. E." box="[575,757,1078,1102]" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" pagination="303 - 317" refId="ref8214" refString="Schedl, K. E. (1964) Zur Synonymie der Borkenkafer XIV. 223. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Reichenbachia, 2, 303-317." type="journal article" year="1964">Schedl 1964: 213</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
s.
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<emphasis id="B908E16BFF892B0DFF4D7906FE7FFB38" bold="true" box="[151,386,1148,1174]" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B143724FF892B0DFE507906FD94FB39" box="[394,617,1148,1175]" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Lao P. D." pageId="5" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-male="6">
<specimenCount id="9D7AF6F0FF892B0DFE507906FE1BFB38" box="[394,486,1148,1174]" count="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
:
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<collectionCode id="ED6DA5BCFF892B0DFD8E7907FD94FB39" box="[596,617,1149,1175]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">R</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B143724FF892B0DFDAC7907FC1EFB15" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Northern Lao P. D." county="Nam Ha National Biodiversity Conservation Area" elevation="995" latitude="21.126179" location="Northern Lao" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="101.24371" municipality="Muang Sing" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Louangnamtha">
<collectingCounty id="62A245F5FF892B0DFDAC7907FB53FB39" box="[630,1198,1148,1175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">Nam Ha National Biodiversity Conservation Area</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA7A703FF892B0DFB617907FAB5FB38" box="[1211,1352,1148,1175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">Muang Sing</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B8F39BFF892B0DFA8F7907FEA0FB14" country="Laos" name="Louangnamtha" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">Luang Namtha province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="268958AFFF892B0DFEB379DAFDC4FB15" box="[361,569,1184,1211]" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">
<location id="8EA36BA2FF892B0DFEB379DAFDFFFB15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D58C6FFF892B0EFF4D7ED5FD45FBBF:8EA36BA2FF892B0DFEB379DAFDFFFB15" box="[361,514,1184,1211]" county="Nam Ha National Biodiversity Conservation Area" latitude="21.126179" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="101.24371" municipality="Muang Sing" name="Northern Lao" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" stateProvince="Louangnamtha">Northern Lao</location>
P.D.
</collectorName>
<collectionCode id="ED6DA5BCFF892B0DFDE379DBFDB3FB15" box="[569,590,1185,1211]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">R</collectionCode>
,
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,
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,
<quantity id="4C84909CFF892B0DFC4179DAFC1EFB15" box="[923,995,1184,1211]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.95" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="995.0">
<elevation id="0051DA4AFF892B0DFC4179DAFC1EFB15" box="[923,995,1184,1211]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.95" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" unit="m" value="995.0">995 m</elevation>
</quantity>
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<materialsCitation id="3B143724FF892B0DFC3179DAFE2EFB71" collectingDate="2023-09-14" collectionCode="NUOL" collectorName="B. Chouangthavy" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Louangnamtha">
alt.,
<date id="FFC21BB9FF892B0DFBC779DBFB55FB15" box="[1053,1192,1184,1211]" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" value="2023-09-14">
<collectingDate id="EF86E251FF892B0DFBC779DBFB55FB15" box="[1053,1192,1184,1211]" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" value="2023-09-14">14. ix. 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, insecticide spray (
<collectorName id="268958AFFF892B0DFA5979DBFEC6FB70" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">B. Chouangthavy</collectorName>
, leg;
<collectionCode id="ED6DA5BCFF892B0DFEA279BFFE36FB71" box="[376,459,1221,1247]" country="Laos" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/i4me-fta1" name="National University of Laos" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" type="">NUOL</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC33D79FF892B0DFF1D7993FD4EFA3C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1148,2039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF892B0DFF1D7993FE78FAAC" bold="true" box="[199,389,1256,1283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">Male diagnosis.</emphasis>
The male is characterized by the following combination of characteristics: frons weakly convex; eyes upper part slightly smaller or equal to lower part; anterior margin of pronotum without serrations; declivital face with large punctures, posterolateral margins of elytra costate; disc and declivity with dense hair-like setae; declivity steep, beginning at basal third, then tapering toward rounded apex; aedeagus long and slender; penis body long and narrowed towards apex (
<figureCitation id="134721FCFF892B0DFD887802FD5BFA3C" box="[594,678,1400,1426]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,638,662]" captionTargetBox="[295,1293,179,612]" captionTargetId="figure-29@9.[295,1293,179,612]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Xylosandrus eupatorii male A spiculum gastrale, B aedeagus; Xylosandrus derupteterminatus male C spiculum gastrale, D aedeagus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035585/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">Fig 6D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3666EF2FF892B0EFF1D78E6FC42FD93" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC33D79FF892B0EFF1D78E6FC42FD93" blockId="5.[151,1437,1148,2039]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,150,1041]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF892B0DFF1D78E6FE4AFA19" bold="true" box="[199,439,1436,1463]" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">Description of male.</emphasis>
Body small,
<quantity id="4C84909CFF892B0DFD9678E6FD2EFA19" box="[588,723,1436,1463]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="1.3" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.5 mm</quantity>
long (mean =
<quantity id="4C84909CFF892B0DFCAC78E7FC32FA19" box="[886,975,1437,1463]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
; n = 6), 0.5–0.7 (mean = 0.6) time longer than wide. Pronotum, scutellum and elytra dark brown or black; antennae and legs yellowish brown to brown.
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF892B0DFA8F78BBFA61FA75" bold="true" box="[1365,1436,1473,1499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">Head.</emphasis>
Epistoma undivided, transverse, with hair-like setae, with smooth surface. Frons weakly convex, weakly punctate; punctures each bearing an erect hair-like seta (
<quantity id="4C84909CFF892B0DFD7E7B72FCB4F98D" box="[676,841,1544,1571]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8999999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="0.12" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.09">0.09-0.15 mm</quantity>
), yellowish brown. Eyes small (approximately
<quantity id="4C84909CFF892B0DFA877B73FF12F9E9" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="0.095" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.09">0.09– 0.1 mm</quantity>
from upper-most to lower-most), with anterior margin weakly emarginate; upper part slightly smaller or equal in size as lower part. Submentum distinctly triangular, large, and slightly impressed. Antennal scape long and uniformly thick, slightly longer than the club (3:2); pedicel thick, as wide as the scape, varying in length, shorter than or same length as the funicle; funicle 2- to 4-segmented (4-segmented in most cases), with segments thick and short, wider than long (3:1), in individuals with 2-segmented funicles (
<figureCitation id="134721FCFF892B0DFC3D7BC6FBBFF979" box="[999,1090,1724,1751]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1191,1215]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,630,1164]" captionTargetId="figure-214@8.[280,1307,630,1164]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Unusual intraspecific variation in the antennal club of X. derupteterminatus (male). A population 1 with two distinct segments, which are thickened. B population 2 with three distinct funicle segments and the fourth segment pointed at the base of the antennal club." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035581/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
), segments very flat and wider than long (4:1), in individuals with 4-segmented funicles (
<figureCitation id="134721FCFF892B0DFCF97B9AFC86F955" box="[803,891,1760,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,1345,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-263@8.[214,1373,1345,1877]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Unusual variation occurred in a singleton specimen in the antennal club of X. derupteterminatus (male). A the apical margin of the first segment of the left club is pointed in the middle in the anterior view, and the funicle segments are not distinctly separated. B the right club is regular or even, with the funicle segments clearly separated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035583/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
); funicle sometimes incompletely fused with the club (
<figureCitation id="134721FCFF892B0DFF0D7A7EFED2F8B1" box="[215,303,1796,1823]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1191,1215]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,630,1164]" captionTargetId="figure-214@8.[280,1307,630,1164]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Unusual intraspecific variation in the antennal club of X. derupteterminatus (male). A population 1 with two distinct segments, which are thickened. B population 2 with three distinct funicle segments and the fourth segment pointed at the base of the antennal club." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035581/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
): club obliquely truncate, longer than wide as in females; segment 1 well-defined, covering the entire posterior face, with the anterior apical margin either pointed at the first club (
<figureCitation id="134721FCFF892B0DFC2F7A52FBB1F8ED" box="[1013,1100,1832,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,1345,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-263@8.[214,1373,1345,1877]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Unusual variation occurred in a singleton specimen in the antennal club of X. derupteterminatus (male). A the apical margin of the first segment of the left club is pointed in the middle in the anterior view, and the funicle segments are not distinctly separated. B the right club is regular or even, with the funicle segments clearly separated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035583/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
) or even (
<figureCitation id="134721FCFF892B0DFB647A52FAEEF8ED" box="[1214,1299,1832,1859]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,1345,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-263@8.[214,1373,1345,1877]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Unusual variation occurred in a singleton specimen in the antennal club of X. derupteterminatus (male). A the apical margin of the first segment of the left club is pointed in the middle in the anterior view, and the funicle segments are not distinctly separated. B the right club is regular or even, with the funicle segments clearly separated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035583/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
) on anterior face.
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF892B0DFF0E7A37FEB0F8C9" bold="true" box="[212,333,1869,1895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">Pronotum</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C84909CFF892B0DFE8F7A36FE21F8C9" box="[341,476,1868,1895]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="0.44999999999999996" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.6 mm</quantity>
(mean =
<quantity id="4C84909CFF892B0DFD927A36FD4DF8C9" box="[584,688,1868,1895]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="123" unit="mm" value="0.45">0.45 mm</quantity>
), as long as wide, rounded in dorsal view (
<typeStatus id="54C783DBFF892B0DFB487A37FB39F8C9" box="[1170,1220,1869,1895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">type</typeStatus>
1 defined in
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4088FF892B0DFA837A36FEE8F825" author="Smith, S. M. &amp; Beaver, R. A. &amp; Cognato, A. I." pageId="5" pageNumber="123" pagination="1 - 442" refId="ref8298" refString="Smith, S. M., Beaver, R. A. &amp; Cognato, A. I. (2020) A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China. ZooKeys, 983, 1-442. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" type="journal article" year="2020">
Smith
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF892B0DFF4D7A0BFF34F824" box="[151,201,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">et al</emphasis>
. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
); side slightly cured forward in basal and apical thirds; pronotal disc punctate, with summit situated at middle 1/3 from base, flat and smooth. Base bears weakly defined short hair-like setae. Lateral sides of the disc short or slightly equal to the anterior slope, basic
<typeStatus id="54C783DBFF892B0DFD637AC3FD14F87D" box="[697,745,1977,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="123">type</typeStatus>
0, flat and slightly curved toward the summit, summit at basal 1/2; anterior margin without serrations, anterior slope weakly asperate, asperities weakly spaced, flat, lower and rare transverse toward the summit.
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8A2B0EFDF47DECFD5BFF1E" bold="true" box="[558,678,150,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Scutellum</emphasis>
rounded triangular or U-shaped, moderately sized, flattened, dark brown, more visible from above.
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8A2B0EFDC97DC1FDA2FF7B" bold="true" box="[531,607,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Elytra</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C84909CFF8A2B0EFDBD7DC0FD12FF7B" box="[615,751,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.9 mm</quantity>
(mean =
<quantity id="4C84909CFF8A2B0EFC877DC1FC48FF7B" box="[861,949,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
) as long as wide,
<quantity id="4C84909CFF8A2B0EFB597DC1FAF1FF7B" box="[1155,1292,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.8 mm</quantity>
(mean =
<quantity id="4C84909CFF8A2B0EFAA37DC0FF3AFF57" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
), as long as pronotum, proportion of elytral length to pronotal length (
<quantity id="4C84909CFF8A2B0EFC327DA5FB8BFF57" box="[1000,1142,223,249]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.8 mm</quantity>
), slightly curved at bases; humeral angles rounded; lateral sides curving from humeral angle to apex. Disc short, basal area 1/3 of disc slightly rounded, apical 3/4 humped and connecting to declivital strongly curved toward apex; surface punctate, punctures fine and setose; striae and interstriae regular punctures, becoming finer towards apex. Declivital commencing from basal third, steep; margin rounded and costate; posterolateral margin costate in apical 1/3; striae and interstriae with confused punctures? on the posterior half of elytra and declivity, each puncture becoming obsolete on declivity towards apex, bearing long fine hairs.
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8A2B0EFD987CCDFD7CFE7F" bold="true" box="[578,641,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Legs.</emphasis>
Procoxae widely separated, interspace between procoxae 0.03 times as wide as procoxa. Protibiae obliquely triangular, with 3–5 socketed teeth on lateral margin; posterior face smooth. Meso- and metatibiae with 6–8 socketed teeth.
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8A2B0EFD7A7C84FCEBFDB6" bold="true" box="[672,790,510,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Genitalia.</emphasis>
Aedeagus long and slender; penis body long and narrowly to apex; apodeme slenderly curves gradually towards the apex (
<figureCitation id="134721FCFF8A2B0EFC857F59FC4BFD93" box="[863,950,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,638,662]" captionTargetBox="[295,1293,179,612]" captionTargetId="figure-29@9.[295,1293,179,612]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Xylosandrus eupatorii male A spiculum gastrale, B aedeagus; Xylosandrus derupteterminatus male C spiculum gastrale, D aedeagus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035585/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3666EF2FF8A2B0EFF1D7F3DFC1AFCBB" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC33D79FF8A2B0EFF1D7F3DFC1AFCBB" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8A2B0EFF1D7F3DFEC0FDCF" bold="true" box="[199,317,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Remarks:</emphasis>
The antennal structure of the population of male
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF8A2B0EFC807F3DFBB9FDCF" baseAuthorityName="Schedl" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[858,1092,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="derupteterminatus">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8A2B0EFC807F3DFBB9FDCF" box="[858,1092,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">X. derupteterminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is extremely variable. Initially, we classified the male specimens into three distinct morphospecies based on the distinctly varied characteristics of their antennae. This variation sometimes appears even on a singleton specimen, for instance, the apical margin of the first segment of the left club is medially pointed in anterior view, while one of the right club is even (
<figureCitation id="134721FCFF8A2B0EFA9A7FC9FF20FD5F" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1902,1926]" captionTargetBox="[214,1373,1345,1877]" captionTargetId="figure-263@8.[214,1373,1345,1877]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Unusual variation occurred in a singleton specimen in the antennal club of X. derupteterminatus (male). A the apical margin of the first segment of the left club is pointed in the middle in the anterior view, and the funicle segments are not distinctly separated. B the right club is regular or even, with the funicle segments clearly separated." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035583/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Fig. 5 A and B</figureCitation>
). Additionally, in another population, the funicle segments are thick and composed of two or three distinct segments (
<figureCitation id="134721FCFF8A2B0EFED57F81FE48FCBB" box="[271,437,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1191,1215]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,630,1164]" captionTargetId="figure-214@8.[280,1307,630,1164]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Unusual intraspecific variation in the antennal club of X. derupteterminatus (male). A population 1 with two distinct segments, which are thickened. B population 2 with three distinct funicle segments and the fourth segment pointed at the base of the antennal club." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035581/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Fig. 4 A and B</figureCitation>
). The color varies from black to yellowish brown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3666EF2FF8A2B0EFF1D7E64FD45FBBF" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC33D79FF8A2B0EFF1D7E64FCE7FC97" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1041]" box="[199,794,798,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8A2B0EFF1D7E64FDFFFC97" bold="true" box="[199,514,798,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Distribution in Lao P.D.R:</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49B8F39BFF8A2B0EFDD07E65FCE7FC97" box="[522,794,799,825]" country="Laos" name="Louangnamtha" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Luang Namtha province</collectingRegion>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC33D79FF8A2B0EFF1D7E38FD45FBBF" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8A2B0EFF1D7E38FE73FCF3" bold="true" box="[199,398,834,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Biological notes.</emphasis>
We collected populations of this species from
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF8A2B0EFC607E39FB85FCF2" box="[954,1144,835,860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Pometia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8A2B0EFC607E39FB85FCF2" box="[954,1144,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Pometia pinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF8A2B0EFB517E39FAE0FCF3" box="[1163,1309,835,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
), found on small branches with a diameter ranging from
<quantity id="4C84909CFF8A2B0EFD427E1CFCFAFC2F" box="[664,775,870,897]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5 to 7 cm</quantity>
. These branches had fallen from a live tree, situated near a small river characterized by high humidity. The river maintained a continuous flow of water throughout the year. This primary forest habitat where samples were collected is located approximately
<quantity id="4C84909CFF8A2B0EFB987ED5FB86FC67" box="[1090,1147,943,969]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
from the main road. This ambrosia beetle species (
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF8A2B0EFE747EA9FD67FC43" baseAuthorityName="Schedl" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[430,666,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="derupteterminatus">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8A2B0EFE747EA9FD67FC43" box="[430,666,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">X. derupteterminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) was previously recorded only on
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF8A2B0EFBC67EA9FB23FC43" box="[1052,1246,979,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8A2B0EFBC67EA9FB23FC43" box="[1052,1246,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Mangifera indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF8A2B0EFB367EA9FA68FC43" box="[1260,1429,979,1005]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF8A2B0EFF1D7E8DFEE0FBBF" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" box="[199,285,1015,1041]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Agathis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8A2B0EFF1D7E8DFEE0FBBF" box="[199,285,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">Agathis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF8A2B0EFEF17E8DFE32FBBF" box="[299,463,1015,1041]" class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araucariaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4088FF8A2B0EFE3E7E8DFD51FBBF" author="Smith, S. M. &amp; Beaver, R. A. &amp; Cognato, A. I." box="[484,684,1015,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="124" pagination="1 - 442" refId="ref8298" refString="Smith, S. M., Beaver, R. A. &amp; Cognato, A. I. (2020) A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China. ZooKeys, 983, 1-442. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" type="journal article" year="2020">
Smith
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8A2B0EFDEA7E8DFD9CFBBF" box="[560,609,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="124">et al</emphasis>
. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

302
data/03/D5/8C/03D58C6FFF8B2B01FF4D7DEDFC7EF854.xml Normal file
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<mods:title id="F3C2887281400B255BED29C870932910">First discovery of males of two ambrosia beetle species of Xylosandrus Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae), with their first records from Lao P. D. R</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8B2B0FFF4D7DEDFE5EFF1F" bold="true" box="[151,419,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">Xylosandrus eupatorii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4088FF8B2B0FFE6E7DEDFDA8FF1F" author="Eggers, H." box="[436,597,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125" pagination="132 - 154" refId="ref7048" refString="Eggers, H. (1940) Neue indomalayische Borkenkafer (Ipidae) III Nachtrag (Forstsetzung). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 83, 132-154." type="journal article" year="1940">Eggers, 1940</bibRefCitation>
)
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8B2B0FFF4D7C7AFE9CFEB9" box="[151,353,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">Xyleborus eupatorii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4088FF8B2B0FFEBD7C7AFDD9FEB6" author="Eggers, H." box="[359,548,256,280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125" pagination="132 - 154" refId="ref7048" refString="Eggers, H. (1940) Neue indomalayische Borkenkafer (Ipidae) III Nachtrag (Forstsetzung). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 83, 132-154." type="journal article" year="1940">Eggers, 1940: 140</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6C1A57FF8B2B0FFF4D7C64FD61FE98" box="[151,668,286,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF8B2B0FFF4D7C64FE27FE98" ID-CoL="5CMJK" authority="(Eggers)" baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[151,474,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eupatorii">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8B2B0FFF4D7C64FE84FE98" box="[151,377,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">Xylosandrus eupatorii</emphasis>
(Eggers)
</taxonomicName>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0ADD1B68FF8B2B0FFE3E7C64FD65FE98" author="Schedl, K. E." box="[484,664,286,310]" page="213" pageId="7" pageNumber="125" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4088FF8B2B0FFE3E7C64FD65FE98" author="Schedl, K. E." box="[484,664,286,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125" pagination="303 - 317" refId="ref8214" refString="Schedl, K. E. (1964) Zur Synonymie der Borkenkafer XIV. 223. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Reichenbachia, 2, 303-317." type="journal article" year="1964">Schedl 1964: 213</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8B2B0FFF4D7C1EFE7EFED0" bold="true" box="[151,387,356,382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B143724FF8B2B0FFE517C1FFD9FFED1" box="[395,610,356,383]" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Lao P. D." pageId="7" pageNumber="125" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D7AF6F0FF8B2B0FFE517C1FFE23FED0" box="[395,478,356,383]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="125" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
:
<collectorName id="268958AFFF8B2B0FFE307C1FFDB0FED1" box="[490,589,357,383]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">Lao P.D.</collectorName>
<collectionCode id="ED6DA5BCFF8B2B0FFD977C1FFD9FFED1" box="[589,610,357,383]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">R</collectionCode>
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,
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,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA7A703FF8B2B0FFB637C1FFABAFED0" box="[1209,1351,356,383]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">Muang Sing</collectingMunicipality>
,
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P.D.
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,
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,
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B143724FF8B2B0FFC317CF2FE2EFE69" collectingDate="2023-09-14" collectionCode="NUOL" collectorName="B. Chouangthavy" pageId="7" pageNumber="125" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Louangnamtha">
alt.,
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<collectingDate id="EF86E251FF8B2B0FFBC77CF3FB55FE0D" box="[1053,1192,392,419]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125" value="2023-09-14">14. ix. 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, insecticide spray (
<collectorName id="268958AFFF8B2B0FFA597CF3FEC6FE68" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">B. Chouangthavy</collectorName>
, leg;
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)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC33D79FF8B2B0FFF1D7CABFAA6FDD4" blockId="7.[151,1437,356,635]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8B2B0FFF1D7CABFE7DFE44" bold="true" box="[199,384,464,491]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">Male diagnosis.</emphasis>
Frons strongly convex, weakly punctate; punctures each bearing erect hair-like seta; eyes with upper part smaller than lower part; anterior margin of pronotum without serrations; elytral disc humped, strongly curved toward declivity, without granulates, finely punctate; declivital face with large strial punctures; each of interstriae with erect hair-like setae; posterolateral margins of elytra carinate; aedeagus short and wide; penis body wide at the base, vase-shaped, gradually extending to a broader middle and narrowed towards apex (
<figureCitation id="134721FCFF8B2B0FFB217F1AFAB3FDD4" box="[1275,1358,608,634]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,638,662]" captionTargetBox="[295,1293,179,612]" captionTargetId="figure-29@9.[295,1293,179,612]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Xylosandrus eupatorii male A spiculum gastrale, B aedeagus; Xylosandrus derupteterminatus male C spiculum gastrale, D aedeagus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035585/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">Fig 6A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF036DF1FF8B2B0FFF4D7B68FBC3F984" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035579" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15035579" box="[151,1086,1554,1579]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035579/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="125" startId="7.[151,250,1554,1578]" targetBox="[171,1405,656,1528]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC33D79FF8B2B0FFF4D7B68FBC3F984" blockId="7.[151,1086,1554,1579]" box="[151,1086,1554,1579]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8B2B0FFF4D7B68FEEEF984" bold="true" box="[151,275,1554,1578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF8B2B0FFEC37B68FE06F984" baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[281,507,1554,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eupatorii">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8B2B0FFEC37B68FE06F984" box="[281,507,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">Xylosandrus eupatorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male habitus,
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8B2B0FFD4F7B68FD5AF984" bold="true" box="[661,679,1554,1578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">A</emphasis>
lateral,
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8B2B0FFD207B69FCF6F985" bold="true" box="[762,779,1555,1579]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">B</emphasis>
dorsal,
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8B2B0FFC867B68FC93F984" bold="true" box="[860,878,1554,1578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">C</emphasis>
ventral,
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8B2B0FFC1D7B69FC24F985" bold="true" box="[967,985,1555,1579]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">D</emphasis>
declivity.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3666EF2FF8B2B00FF1D7B07FDA0FD93" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="7" pageNumber="125" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC33D79FF8B2B00FF1D7B07FDA0FD93" blockId="7.[151,1437,1660,2011]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,150,573]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8B2B0FFF1D7B07FE4EF939" bold="true" box="[199,435,1660,1687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8B2B0FFF1D7B07FE51F939" bold="true" box="[199,428,1660,1687]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">Description of male</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
body small,
<quantity id="4C84909CFF8B2B0FFD9D7B07FD63F939" box="[583,670,1661,1687]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="7" pageNumber="125" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
long (n = 1), 0.7 times longer than wide. Pronotum and elytra light brown.
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8B2B0FFF347BDBFEC8F915" bold="true" box="[238,309,1697,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">Head.</emphasis>
Epistoma not divided, transverse, with hair-like setae, with smooth surface. Frons strongly convex, weakly punctate; punctures each bearing an erect hair-like seta, both punctures and setae yellowish brown. Eyes somewhat strongly emarginate (approximately
<quantity id="4C84909CFF8B2B0FFD7F7B93FCC5F8AD" box="[677,824,1769,1795]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="125" unit="mm" value="0.095" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.09">0.09-0.1 mm</quantity>
), upper part smaller than lower part. Submentum large, distinctly triangular, slightly impressed. Antennal scape long, normal thick and bent, as long as club. Pedicel thick, as wide as scape. Antennal club as in female, combined length of the funicular segments about 2 times as long as scape, 4
<superScript id="7C099031FF8B2B0FFF2B7A2EFF03F8CC" attach="left" box="[241,254,1876,1890]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">th</superScript>
segment of funicle fused with antennal club.
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF8B2B0FFD277A2FFC8BF8C1" bold="true" box="[765,886,1877,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">Pronotum</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C84909CFF8B2B0FFCA77A2FFC28F8C1" box="[893,981,1877,1903]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="125" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
, as long as wide, rounded in dorsal view (
<typeStatus id="54C783DBFF8B2B0FFF457A03FF2CF83D" box="[159,209,1913,1939]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">type</typeStatus>
1). Pronotal disc punctate, side slightly curved in basal towards apex, summit at middle, with asperities weak on anterior 1/2. Lateral sides of disc as short or slightly equal anterior slope, basic
<typeStatus id="54C783DBFF8B2B0FFBFA7AE7FBADF819" box="[1056,1104,1949,1975]" pageId="7" pageNumber="125">type</typeStatus>
0, flat, slightly curved toward the summit, summit at basal 1/2; anterior margin without serrations, anterior slope weakly asperate, asperities widely spaced, flat, lower toward the summit.
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF842B00FD787DECFCE7FF1E" bold="true" box="[674,794,150,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="126">Scutellum</emphasis>
triangular, large, U-shaped, at same level as surrounding elytral surface.
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF842B00FE937DC1FE68FF7B" bold="true" box="[329,405,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="126">Elytra</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C84909CFF842B00FE447DC1FE0BFF7B" box="[414,502,187,213]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="126" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
as long as wide 0.6; sides feebly convex on basal 1/3, then curving toward apex. Base slightly curved, humeral angles rounded, lateral side curving from humeral angle to apex. Disc short, in lateral view humped, apex rounded; striae and interstriae smooth, apical 3/4 humped and connecting to declivity, feebly convex toward apex, with few small punctures, punctures fine and rarely setose. Declivital commencing from basal third, steep; posterolateral margins strongly carinate to interstriae 7; striae and interstriae confused on the posterior half of elytra and declivity, each puncture becoming obsolete on declivity towards apex, rarely with short or long fine hair-like setae.
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF842B00FEAC7CE9FE53FE03" bold="true" box="[374,430,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="126">Legs</emphasis>
. Procoxae widely separated, interspace between procoxae 0.03 times as wide as procoxa. Protibiae obliquely triangular, with five socketed teeth on lateral margin; posterior face smooth; mesotibiae with eight socketed teeth; metatibiae with 10 socketed teeth.
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF842B00FCFE7CA0FC6FFE5A" bold="true" box="[804,914,474,500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="126">Genitalia</emphasis>
. Aedeagus short and wide; penis body vase-shaped, wide at the base, gradually extending to a broader middle and narrowed towards apex; apodeme thick and curved, resembling the shape of forceps.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF036DF1FF842B00FF4D79DDFE3DFAA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035581" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15035581" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035581/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="126" startId="8.[151,250,1191,1215]" targetBox="[280,1307,630,1164]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC33D79FF842B00FF4D79DDFE3DFAA9" blockId="8.[151,1436,1191,1287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF842B00FF4D79DDFEEBFB11" bold="true" box="[151,278,1191,1215]" pageId="8" pageNumber="126">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Unusual intraspecific variation in the antennal club of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF842B00FCB879D2FBC1FB11" baseAuthorityName="Schedl" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[866,1084,1191,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="derupteterminatus">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF842B00FCB879D2FBC1FB11" box="[866,1084,1191,1215]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="126">X. derupteterminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male).
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF842B00FB4D79DDFB54FB11" bold="true" box="[1175,1193,1191,1215]" pageId="8" pageNumber="126">A</emphasis>
population 1 with two distinct segments, which are thickened.
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF842B00FDEA79B1FDBCFB4D" bold="true" box="[560,577,1227,1251]" pageId="8" pageNumber="126">B</emphasis>
population 2 with three distinct funicle segments and the fourth segment pointed at the base of the antennal club.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF036DF1FF842B00FF4D7A14FB7BF861" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035583" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15035583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035583/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="126" startId="8.[151,250,1902,1926]" targetBox="[214,1373,1345,1877]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC33D79FF842B00FF4D7A14FB7BF861" blockId="8.[151,1436,1902,1999]" pageId="8" pageNumber="126">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF842B00FF4D7A14FEE8F829" bold="true" box="[151,277,1902,1927]" pageId="8" pageNumber="126">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Unusual variation occurred in a singleton specimen in the antennal club of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF842B00FBEB7A15FAF4F829" baseAuthorityName="Schedl" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[1073,1289,1903,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="126" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="derupteterminatus">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF842B00FBEB7A15FAF4F829" box="[1073,1289,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="126">X. derupteterminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(male).
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF842B00FAB87A14FA89F828" bold="true" box="[1378,1396,1902,1926]" pageId="8" pageNumber="126">A</emphasis>
the apical margin of the first segment of the left club is pointed in the middle in the anterior view, and the funicle segments are not distinctly separated.
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF842B00FEB27ACDFE84F861" bold="true" box="[360,377,1975,1999]" pageId="8" pageNumber="126">B</emphasis>
the right club is regular or even, with the funicle segments clearly separated.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF036DF1FF852B01FF4D7F04FE92FD14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035585" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15035585" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035585/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="127" startId="9.[151,250,638,662]" targetBox="[295,1293,179,612]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC33D79FF852B01FF4D7F04FE92FD14" blockId="9.[151,1436,638,698]" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF852B01FF4D7F04FEE8FD38" bold="true" box="[151,277,638,662]" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF852B01FEC77F04FDFCFD38" baseAuthorityName="Eggers" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[285,513,638,662]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eupatorii">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF852B01FEC77F04FDFCFD38" box="[285,513,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">Xylosandrus eupatorii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF852B01FD9B7F04FDAEFD38" bold="true" box="[577,595,638,662]" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">A</emphasis>
spiculum gastrale,
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF852B01FCC47F04FCD2FD38" bold="true" box="[798,815,638,662]" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">B</emphasis>
aedeagus;
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF852B01FC797F04FB19FD38" baseAuthorityName="Schedl" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[931,1252,638,662]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="derupteterminatus">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF852B01FC797F04FB19FD38" box="[931,1252,638,662]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">Xylosandrus derupteterminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF852B01FAFF7F04FACAFD38" bold="true" box="[1317,1335,638,662]" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">C</emphasis>
spiculum gastrale,
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF852B01FF297FD8FEF8FD14" bold="true" box="[243,261,674,698]" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">D</emphasis>
aedeagus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF036DF1FF852B01FF4D7BE4FABFF950" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035587" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15035587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035587/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="127" startId="9.[151,250,1694,1718]" targetBox="[194,1386,761,1665]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC33D79FF852B01FF4D7BE4FABFF950" blockId="9.[151,1436,1694,1790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF852B01FF4D7BE4FEEAF918" bold="true" box="[151,279,1694,1718]" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Preliminary phylogeny of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF852B01FDED7BE4FCF4F918" box="[567,777,1694,1718]" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF852B01FDED7BE4FD4BF918" box="[567,694,1694,1718]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">Xylosandrus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
based on the mtCOI gene fragment, inferred using maximum likelihood (ML). Node labels indicate posterior probability (%). Male specimens are represented by blue text, and female specimens by red text in this study. Black text highlighted with species names indicates data retrieved from GenBank.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3666EF2FF852B01FF1D7A2AFC7EF854" pageId="9" pageNumber="127" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC33D79FF852B01FF1D7A2AFCE7F8C4" blockId="9.[151,1437,1872,2043]" box="[199,794,1872,1899]" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF852B01FF1D7A2AFDFFF8C5" bold="true" box="[199,514,1872,1899]" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">Distribution in Lao P.D.R:</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49B8F39BFF852B01FDD07A2BFCE7F8C4" box="[522,794,1872,1899]" country="Laos" name="Louangnamtha" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">Luang Namtha province</collectingRegion>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC33D79FF852B01FF1D7A0EFC7EF854" blockId="9.[151,1437,1872,2043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF852B01FF1D7A0EFE73F821" bold="true" box="[199,398,1908,1935]" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">Biological notes:</emphasis>
This species both male and female collected the same habitat environment and host plant species of
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF852B01FEC17AE3FDF3F81C" baseAuthorityName="Schedl" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[283,526,1944,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="derupteterminatus">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF852B01FEC17AE3FDF3F81C" box="[283,526,1944,1970]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">X. derupteterminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Previously, female of this species had only been recorded on
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF852B01FACC7AE3FA61F81C" box="[1302,1436,1945,1970]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Eupatorium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF852B01FACC7AE3FA61F81C" box="[1302,1436,1945,1970]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">Eupatorium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF852B01FF457AC7FEE3F879" box="[159,286,1981,2007]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
) according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFED4088FF852B01FE1C7AC7FD96F879" author="Eggers, H." box="[454,619,1981,2007]" pageId="9" pageNumber="127" pagination="132 - 154" refId="ref7048" refString="Eggers, H. (1940) Neue indomalayische Borkenkafer (Ipidae) III Nachtrag (Forstsetzung). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 83, 132-154." type="journal article" year="1940">Eggers (1940)</bibRefCitation>
. In the present study, we identified additional host plant species for
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF852B01FA5E7AC7FE99F854" baseAuthorityName="Schedl" baseAuthorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="127" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="derupteterminatus">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF852B01FA5E7AC7FE99F854" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">X. derupteterminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collected from
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF852B01FDC67A9BFD2BF854" box="[540,726,2017,2042]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Pometia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">
<emphasis id="B908E16BFF852B01FDC67A9BFD2BF854" box="[540,726,2017,2042]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="127">Pometia pinnata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C7C46FAFF852B01FD3F7A9AFC85F854" box="[741,888,2016,2042]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="9" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

614
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<mods:number id="EB028FB16934DBCD39963F50D00645DC">2025-02-20</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F8339058B607A2B1617ADFB77A4F6932" type="volume">
<mods:number id="546C38BFF7465D25450A6812D3DF3443">5590</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9BBB9C974C41A0101249683902B0DEFC" type="issue">
<mods:number id="1E55B341B715FDABC21EEA51F599DB96">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E030898FF3D353557ABC09FC86148875">101</mods:start>
<mods:end id="06A304D963F15ADE4B5F04B5E634FF4E">112</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="34D86F234FDD171F64B462F6244A6F09">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="17FC610F75F4556A713C9AA2AE2EF194" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5590.1.5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8BA18C651A8D1CEFDAAC95A5786658FE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8E8E9A49B6411A31ACF128272ED1F1ED" type="Zenodo-Dep">14952788</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9B4A9081F48C51B7313286E221A208F8" type="ZooBank">F3564D30-CD19-42CA-A3D8-1D8A52317AB6</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03EF87EEFFD7E450FF5CFD40FA43C479" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87EEFFD7E450FF5CFD40FA43C479" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF87EEFFD7E450FF5CFD40FA43C479" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<subSubSection id="C35C6573FFD7E453FF5CFD40FB3AC2FD" box="[151,1252,727,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CFD40FB3AC2FD" blockId="9.[151,1437,727,1077]" box="[151,1252,727,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
Species and subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FE75FD40FDBEC2FD" ID-CoL="8XPZV" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[446,608,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FE75FD40FDBEC2FD" box="[446,608,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Stenomastigus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be identified using the key given below (males only).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C6573FFD7E453FB22FD40FB14C439" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FB22FD40FB14C439" blockId="9.[151,1437,727,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
The systematics of this genus is still unclear, and the status of some subspecies requires further study. Populations of
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FB31FD6CFA42C319" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1274,1436,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FB31FD6CFA42C319" box="[1274,1436,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Stenomastigus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
inhabit strongly fragmented habitats separated by areas transformed by humans, and specimens from such separated populations within some species differ. This problem was solved by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B09FFD7E453FC46FCD4FBF2C351" author="Leleup, N." box="[909,1068,835,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" pagination="1 - 107" refId="ref7493" refString="Leleup, N. (1968) Revision des Mastigini de l'Afrique du Sud. Annales du Musee Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Series 8: Sciences Zoologiques, 166, 1-107." type="journal article" year="1968">Leleup (1968)</bibRefCitation>
by establishing many subspecies (not only in
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FED4FCF0FE1FC38D" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[287,449,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FED4FCF0FE1FC38D" box="[287,449,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Stenomastigus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but also in
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FD83FCF0FCE3C38D" authority="Newton" authorityName="Newton" authorityYear="1998" box="[584,829,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Palaeostigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FD83FCF0FD07C38D" box="[584,729,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">Palaeostigus</emphasis>
Newton
</taxonomicName>
). Some of them differ mainly in external features (
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FAA6FCF0FA4BC38C" box="[1389,1429,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">e.g.</emphasis>
, pigmentation), and some show strong differences in the shape of the aedeagus. It seems that all subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FA4CFC1CFEB5C3C5" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FA4CFC1CFEC9C3C5" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">S. longicornis</emphasis>
Leleup
</taxonomicName>
may be in future elevated to species rank,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FC83FC38FB8FC3C5" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[840,1105,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="varii" subSpecies="saxatilis">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FC83FC38FC22C3C5" box="[840,1020,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">S. varii saxatilis</emphasis>
Leleup
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FB4CFC38FA42C3C5" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1159,1436,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="varii" subSpecies="fontinalis">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FB4CFC38FA96C3C5" box="[1159,1352,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">S. varii fontinalis</emphasis>
Leleup
</taxonomicName>
are candidates for synonymization and seem to represent one species separate from
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FB96FC44FA96C3E1" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1117,1352,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="varii" subSpecies="varii">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FB96FC44FB30C3E0" box="[1117,1262,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">S. varii varii</emphasis>
Leleup
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FA4CFC44FE5DC41D" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="varii" subSpecies="riparius">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FA4CFC44FEF0C41C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">S. varii riparius</emphasis>
Leleup
</taxonomicName>
also may be a separate species. Moreover,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FCA7FC60FBCEC41D" authority="Franz" authorityName="Franz" authorityYear="1984" box="[876,1040,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holmi">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FCA7FC60FC17C41D" box="[876,969,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">S. holmi</emphasis>
Franz
</taxonomicName>
requires redescription, because the aedeagus was illustrated only in the lateral view, and the original description is too fragmentary.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C6573FFD7E450FF5CFBC8FA43C479" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" type="key">
<key id="FFD761C9FFD7E450FF5CFBC8FA43C479" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD7E453FF5CFBC8FA42C49E" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CFBC8FA43C479" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" box="[151,1437,1119,1142]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CFBC8FA43C479" box="[151,1437,1119,1142]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CFBC8FF7DC478" bold="true" box="[151,163,1119,1140]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">1</emphasis>
Protibia with subtriangular tooth with sharp-angled apex..........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FACBFBC8FA43C479" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1280,1437,1119,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kochi">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FACBFBC8FA43C479" bold="true" box="[1280,1437,1119,1141]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FACBFBC8FA8EC479" bold="true" box="[1280,1360,1119,1141]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">S. kochi</emphasis>
Leleup
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CFBEAFA42C49E" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" box="[151,1436,1149,1171]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CFBEAFA42C49E" box="[151,1436,1149,1171]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CFBEAFF41C49E" bold="true" box="[151,159,1149,1170]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">-</emphasis>
Protibia lacking subtriangular tooth with sharp-angled apex....................................................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FA5BFBEAFA42C49E" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1149,1170]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">2</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD7E453FF5CFB0DFA42C50B" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CFB0DFA42C4C0" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CFB0DFA42C4C0" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CFB0DFF7DC4A3" bold="true" box="[151,163,1178,1199]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">2</emphasis>
Distoventral region of protrochanter forming elongate projection at least as long as proximal (articulating) region of trochanter...........................................................................................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FA5BFB20FA42C4C0" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1207,1228]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">3</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CFB42FA42C50B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CFB42FA42C50B" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CFB42FF41C4E6" bold="true" box="[151,159,1237,1258]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">-</emphasis>
If distoventral region of protrochanter is developed as elongate projection, it is much shorter than proximal region of trochanter...........................................................................................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FA5BFB65FA42C50B" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1266,1287]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">5</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD7E453FF5CFA98FA42C570" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CFA98FA42C54E" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CFA98FA42C54E" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CFA98FF7DC528" bold="true" box="[151,163,1295,1316]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">3</emphasis>
Elytra dark brown; protrochanteral projection gradually narrowing distally; capsular region of aedeagus delimited distally by constriction as narrow as ~1/3 of its width...............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FB64FABAFA42C54E" authority="Jaloszynski" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2012" box="[1199,1436,1324,1346]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kosianus">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FB64FABAFA42C54E" bold="true" box="[1199,1436,1324,1346]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FB64FABAFAFFC54E" bold="true" box="[1199,1313,1324,1346]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">S. kosianus</emphasis>
Jałoszyński
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CFADDFA42C570" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CFADDFA42C570" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CFADDFF41C553" bold="true" box="[151,159,1354,1375]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">-</emphasis>
Elytra light umbra brown; protrochanteral projection indistinctly broadening distally; capsular region of aedeagus delimited distally by constriction wider than half of its width...........................................................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FA5BFAF0FA42C570" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1383,1404]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">4</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD7E453FF5CFA12FA43C5FE" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CFA12FA43C5BB" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CFA12FA43C5BB" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CFA12FF7DC596" bold="true" box="[151,163,1413,1434]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">4</emphasis>
Protibia widest proximad subapical emargination; paramere in lateral view with conspicuously long lateral subtriangular process opposite endophallus...........................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FB0DFA35FA43C5BB" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1222,1437,1442,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basilewskyi">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FB0DFA35FA43C5BB" bold="true" box="[1222,1437,1442,1464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FB0DFA35FA8EC5B4" bold="true" box="[1222,1360,1442,1464]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">S. basilewskyi</emphasis>
Leleup
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CFA57FA43C5FE" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CFA57FA43C5FE" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CFA57FF41C5D9" bold="true" box="[151,159,1472,1493]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">-</emphasis>
Protibia widest distad subapical emargination; paramere in lateral view with vestigial lateral rounded process opposite endophallus.............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FB3DFA4AFA43C5FE" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1270,1437,1500,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="allaeri">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FB3DFA4AFA43C5FE" bold="true" box="[1270,1437,1500,1522]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FB3DFA4AFA8EC5FE" bold="true" box="[1270,1360,1500,1522]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">S. allaeri</emphasis>
Leleup
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD7E453FF5CFA6DFA42C66B" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CFA6DFA42C620" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CFA6DFA42C620" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CFA6DFF7DC603" bold="true" box="[151,163,1530,1551]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">5</emphasis>
Protrochanter nearly quadrate; paramere in lateral view distad apex of copulatory piece as long as or longer than remaining region of aedeagus; and basal capsule delimited by constriction much broader than its half width or not delimited.........
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FA5BF980FA42C620" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1559,1580]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">6</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CF9A2FA42C66B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CF9A2FA42C66B" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CF9A2FF41C646" bold="true" box="[151,159,1589,1610]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">-</emphasis>
Protrochanter clearly elongate; paramere distad apex of copulatory piece shorter than remaining region of aedeagus, if longer, then basal capsule delimited by constriction narrower than its half width..........................................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FA5BF9C5FA42C66B" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1618,1639]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">9</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD7E453FF5CF9F8FA42C6AE" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CF9F8FA42C689" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" box="[151,1436,1647,1670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CF9F8FA42C689" box="[151,1436,1647,1670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CF9F8FF7DC688" bold="true" box="[151,163,1647,1668]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">6</emphasis>
Parameral apex in lateral view bifurcate...................................................................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FA5BF9E7FA42C689" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1648,1669]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">7</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CF91AFA42C6AE" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" box="[151,1436,1677,1699]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CF91AFA42C6AE" box="[151,1436,1677,1699]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CF91AFF41C6AE" bold="true" box="[151,159,1677,1698]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">-</emphasis>
Parameral apex in lateral view not bifurcate................................................................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FA5BF91AFA42C6AE" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1677,1698]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">8</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD7E453FF5CF93DFA43C71B" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CF93DFA43C6D1" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CF93DFA43C6D1" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CF93DFF7DC6B3" bold="true" box="[151,163,1706,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">7</emphasis>
Paramere distad apex of endophallus much longer than remaining region of aedeagus, in lateral view largely straight, bent toward abparameral side only in subapical region.....................................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FBB0F950FA43C6D1" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1147,1437,1735,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="longicornis" subSpecies="bicolor">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FBB0F950FA43C6D1" bold="true" box="[1147,1437,1735,1757]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FBB0F950FA91C6D1" bold="true" box="[1147,1359,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">S. longicornis bicolor</emphasis>
Leleup
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CF972FA43C71B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CF972FA43C71B" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CF972FF41C6F6" bold="true" box="[151,159,1765,1786]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">-</emphasis>
Paramere distad apex of endophallus as long as remaining region of aedeagus, in lateral view bent twice, in submedian and subapical regions......................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FBD7F895FA43C71B" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1052,1437,1794,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="longicornis" subSpecies="umkomaasiensis">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FBD7F895FA43C71B" bold="true" box="[1052,1437,1794,1816]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FBD7F895FA8EC714" bold="true" box="[1052,1360,1794,1816]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">S. longicornis umkomaasiensis</emphasis>
Leleup
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD7E453FF5CF888FA43C75E" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CF888FA42C739" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" box="[151,1436,1823,1846]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CF888FA42C739" box="[151,1436,1823,1846]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CF888FF7DC738" bold="true" box="[151,163,1823,1844]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">8</emphasis>
Paramere in abparameral view bent in subapical region.........................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FBEEF888FA42C739" authority="(Boheman)" baseAuthorityName="Boheman" box="[1061,1436,1823,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="longicornis" subSpecies="longicornis">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FBEEF888FA42C739" bold="true" box="[1061,1436,1823,1845]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FBEEF888FAFBC739" bold="true" box="[1061,1317,1823,1845]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">S. longicornis longicornis</emphasis>
(Boheman)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CF8AAFA43C75E" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" box="[151,1437,1852,1875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CF8AAFA43C75E" box="[151,1437,1852,1875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CF8AAFF41C75E" bold="true" box="[151,159,1853,1874]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">-</emphasis>
Paramere in abparameral view straight.............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FB4BF8AAFA43C75E" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1152,1437,1852,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="longicornis" subSpecies="errans">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FB4BF8AAFA43C75E" bold="true" box="[1152,1437,1852,1874]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FB4BF8AAFA8EC75E" bold="true" box="[1152,1360,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">S. longicornis errans</emphasis>
Leleup
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD7E453FF5CF8CDFA42C780" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CF8CDFA42C763" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" box="[151,1436,1881,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CF8CDFA42C763" box="[151,1436,1881,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CF8CDFF7DC763" bold="true" box="[151,163,1882,1903]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">9</emphasis>
Distoventral region of protrochanter forming pointed subtriangular projection.............
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD7E453FBA5F8CDFA42C763" authority="Jaloszynski" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2012" box="[1134,1436,1881,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berlinafricanus">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FBA5F8CDFA42C763" bold="true" box="[1134,1436,1881,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FBA5F8CDFAFEC77C" bold="true" box="[1134,1312,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">S. berlinafricanus</emphasis>
Jałoszyński
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CF8EFFA42C780" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" box="[151,1436,1911,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CF8EFFA42C780" box="[151,1436,1911,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CF8EFFF41C781" bold="true" box="[151,159,1912,1933]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">-</emphasis>
Distoventral region of protrochanter not subtriangular.......................................................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FA4FF8E0FA42C780" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1911,1932]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">10</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD7E453FF5CF802FA42C7CB" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CF802FA43C7A6" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" box="[151,1437,1941,1963]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CF802FA43C7A6" box="[151,1437,1941,1963]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CF802FF71C7A6" bold="true" box="[151,175,1941,1962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">10</emphasis>
Basal capsule in abparameral view distinctly narrower than remaining region of aedeagus...........................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FA4DF802FA43C7A6" bold="true" box="[1414,1437,1941,1962]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">11</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD7E453FF5CF825FA42C7CB" blockId="9.[151,1437,1119,1992]" box="[151,1436,1970,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD7E453FF5CF825FA42C7CB" box="[151,1436,1970,1992]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FF5CF825FF41C7CB" bold="true" box="[151,159,1970,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">-</emphasis>
Basal capsule in abparameral view broader than or subequal in width to remaining region of aedeagus.................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD7E453FA4FF825FA42C7CB" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1970,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="110">12</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD4E450FF5CFF00FA42C109" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFF00FA43C0C6" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFF00FA43C0C6" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFF00FF70C0A0" bold="true" box="[151,174,151,172]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">11</emphasis>
Elytra nearly black; basal capsule in abparameral view much narrower than remaining region of aedeagus....................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD4E450FB13FF22FA43C0C6" authority="(Lhoste)" baseAuthorityName="Lhoste" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1240,1437,180,202]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB13FF22FA43C0C6" bold="true" box="[1240,1437,180,202]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB13FF22FA9FC0C6" bold="true" box="[1240,1345,180,202]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">S. vulgaris</emphasis>
(Lhoste)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFF45FA42C109" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFF45FA42C109" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFF45FF41C0EB" bold="true" box="[151,159,210,231]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">-</emphasis>
Elytra dark umbra brown; basal capsule in abparameral view as wide as remaining region of aedeagus.............................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD4E450FBAAFF78FA42C109" authority="Jaloszynski" authorityName="Jaloszynski" box="[1121,1436,239,261]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mpumalanganus">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FBAAFF78FA42C109" bold="true" box="[1121,1436,239,261]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FBAAFF78FAFFC109" bold="true" box="[1121,1313,239,261]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">S. mpumalanganus</emphasis>
Jałoszyński
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD4E450FF5CFE9AFA42C133" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFE9AFA42C12E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1436,269,291]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFE9AFA42C12E" box="[151,1436,269,291]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFE9AFF71C12E" bold="true" box="[151,175,269,290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">12</emphasis>
Basal capsule in abparameral view distinctly broader than remaining region of aedeagus............................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FA4FFE9AFA42C12E" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,269,290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">13</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFEBDFA42C133" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1436,298,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFEBDFA42C133" box="[151,1436,298,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFEBDFF41C133" bold="true" box="[151,159,298,319]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">-</emphasis>
Basal capsule in abparameral view subequal in width to remaining region of aedeagus..............................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FA4FFEBDFA42C133" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,298,319]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">14</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD4E450FF5CFED0FA43C176" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFED0FA43C151" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1437,327,349]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFED0FA43C151" box="[151,1437,327,349]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFED0FF71C150" bold="true" box="[151,175,327,348]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">13</emphasis>
Elytra nearly black; paramere in abparameral view nearly straight and conspicuously slender.......
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD4E450FB78FED0FA43C151" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1203,1437,327,349]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dendrophilus">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB78FED0FA43C151" bold="true" box="[1203,1437,327,349]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB78FED0FA8EC151" bold="true" box="[1203,1360,327,349]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">S. dendrophilus</emphasis>
Leleup
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFEF2FA43C176" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1437,356,379]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFEF2FA43C176" box="[151,1437,356,379]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFEF2FF41C176" bold="true" box="[151,159,357,378]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">-</emphasis>
Elytra light umbra brown; paramere in abparameral view recurved and conspicuously stout............
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD4E450FB2DFEF2FA43C176" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1254,1437,356,378]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jeanneli">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB2DFEF2FA43C176" bold="true" box="[1254,1437,356,378]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB2DFEF2FA8EC176" bold="true" box="[1254,1360,356,378]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">S. jeanneli</emphasis>
Leleup
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD4E450FF5CFE15FA42C1B8" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFE15FA43C19B" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1437,386,408]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFE15FA43C19B" box="[151,1437,386,408]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFE15FF71C19B" bold="true" box="[151,175,386,407]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">14</emphasis>
Aedeagus (together with paramere) more than 10 times as long as wide..............................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD4E450FB37FE15FA43C19B" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1276,1437,386,407]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moori">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB37FE15FA43C19B" bold="true" box="[1276,1437,386,407]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB37FE15FA8EC19B" bold="true" box="[1276,1360,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">S. moori</emphasis>
Leleup
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFE37FA42C1B8" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1436,415,437]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFE37FA42C1B8" box="[151,1436,415,437]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
- Aedeagus (together with paramere) at most 9 times as long as wide.............................................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FA4FFE08FA42C1B8" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,415,436]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">15</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD4E450FF5CFE2AFA42C1E3" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFE2AFA42C1DE" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1436,445,467]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFE2AFA42C1DE" box="[151,1436,445,467]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFE2AFF71C1DE" bold="true" box="[151,175,445,466]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">15</emphasis>
Distal region of aedeagus (together with paramere) shorter than basal capsule....................................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FA4FFE2AFA42C1DE" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,445,466]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">16</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFE4DFA42C1E3" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1436,474,496]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFE4DFA42C1E3" box="[151,1436,474,496]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFE4DFF41C1E3" bold="true" box="[151,159,474,495]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">-</emphasis>
Distal region of aedeagus (together with paramere) longer than basal capsule.....................................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FA4FFE4DFA42C1E3" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,474,495]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">17</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD4E450FF5CFE60FA42C226" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFE60FA42C201" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1436,503,525]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFE60FA42C201" box="[151,1436,503,525]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFE60FF71C200" bold="true" box="[151,175,503,524]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">16</emphasis>
In lateral view paramere strongly broadened in subapical region.............................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD4E450FB65FE60FA42C201" authority="(Boheman)" baseAuthorityName="Boheman" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[1198,1436,503,525]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilicornis">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB65FE60FA42C201" bold="true" box="[1198,1436,503,525]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB65FE60FAFBC201" bold="true" box="[1198,1317,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">S. pilicornis</emphasis>
(Boheman)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFD82FA42C226" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1436,532,555]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFD82FA42C226" box="[151,1436,532,555]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFD82FF41C226" bold="true" box="[151,159,533,554]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">-</emphasis>
In lateral view paramere not broadened.........................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD4E450FACDFD82FA42C226" authority="Franz" authorityName="Franz" authorityYear="1984" box="[1286,1436,532,554]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holmi">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FACDFD82FA42C226" bold="true" box="[1286,1436,532,554]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FACDFD82FA87C226" bold="true" box="[1286,1369,532,554]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">S. holmi</emphasis>
Franz
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD4E450FF5CFDA5FA42C268" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFDA5FA43C24B" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1437,562,584]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFDA5FA43C24B" box="[151,1437,562,584]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFDA5FF71C24B" bold="true" box="[151,175,562,583]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">17</emphasis>
Elytra black..............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD4E450FB37FDA5FA43C24B" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1276,1437,562,584]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="franzi">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB37FDA5FA43C24B" bold="true" box="[1276,1437,562,584]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB37FDA5FA8EC244" bold="true" box="[1276,1360,562,584]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">S. franzi</emphasis>
Leleup
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFDC7FA42C268" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1436,591,613]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFDC7FA42C268" box="[151,1436,591,613]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFDC7FF41C269" bold="true" box="[151,159,592,613]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">-</emphasis>
Elytra light or dark umbra brown........................................................................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FA4FFDD8FA42C268" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,591,612]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">18</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD4E450FF5CFDFAFA42C293" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFDFAFA43C28E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1437,621,643]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFDFAFA43C28E" box="[151,1437,621,643]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFDFAFF71C28E" bold="true" box="[151,175,621,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">18</emphasis>
Distal region of aedeagus (together with paramere) only slightly longer than basal capsule...........
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD4E450FB06FDFAFA43C28E" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1229,1437,621,642]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inopinatus">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB06FDFAFA43C28E" bold="true" box="[1229,1437,621,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB06FDFAFA91C28E" bold="true" box="[1229,1359,621,642]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">S. inopinatus</emphasis>
Leleup
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFD1DFA42C293" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1436,650,672]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFD1DFA42C293" box="[151,1436,650,672]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFD1DFF41C293" bold="true" box="[151,159,650,671]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">-</emphasis>
Distal region of aedeagus (together with paramere) several times longer than basal capsule..........................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FA4FFD1DFA42C293" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,650,671]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">19</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD4E450FF5CFD30FA42C318" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFD30FA43C2D6" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFD30FA43C2D6" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFD30FF71C2B0" bold="true" box="[151,175,679,700]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">19</emphasis>
In abparameral view distal region of paramere subtriangular, gradually narrowing towards apex, only ~3 times as long as wide and much shorter than copulatory piece......................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD4E450FB2DFD52FA43C2D6" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1254,1437,709,730]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="joannae">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB2DFD52FA43C2D6" bold="true" box="[1254,1437,709,730]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB2DFD52FA8EC2D6" bold="true" box="[1254,1360,709,730]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">S. joannae</emphasis>
Leleup
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFD75FA42C318" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFD75FA42C318" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFD75FF41C2FB" bold="true" box="[151,159,738,759]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">-</emphasis>
In abparameral view distal region of paramere rod-like, over 5 times as long as wide and as long as or longer than copulatory piece..............................................................................................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FA4FFD68FA42C318" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,767,788]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">20</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD4E450FF5CFC8AFA42C343" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFC8AFA42C33E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1436,797,819]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFC8AFA42C33E" box="[151,1436,797,819]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFC8AFF71C33E" bold="true" box="[151,175,797,818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">20</emphasis>
In lateral view, apex of paramere broadened, spatulate.......................................................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FA4FFC8AFA42C33E" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,797,818]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">21</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFCADFA42C343" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1436,826,848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFCADFA42C343" box="[151,1436,826,848]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFCADFF41C343" bold="true" box="[151,159,826,847]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">-</emphasis>
In lateral view, apex of paramere not broadened............................................................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FA4FFCADFA42C343" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,826,847]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">22</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD4E450FF5CFCC0FA43C386" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFCC0FA43C361" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1437,855,877]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFCC0FA43C361" box="[151,1437,855,877]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFCC0FF71C360" bold="true" box="[151,175,855,876]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">21</emphasis>
Head pitch brown or black, pronotum pitch brown.........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD4E450FB79FCC0FA43C361" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1202,1437,855,877]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="varii" subSpecies="saxatilis">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB79FCC0FA43C361" bold="true" box="[1202,1437,855,877]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB79FCC0FA91C361" bold="true" box="[1202,1359,855,877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">S. varii saxatilis</emphasis>
Leleup
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFCE2FA43C386" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1437,884,907]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFCE2FA43C386" box="[151,1437,884,907]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFCE2FF41C386" bold="true" box="[151,159,885,906]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">-</emphasis>
Head dark reddish, pronotum light reddish brown........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD4E450FB6FFCE2FA43C386" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1188,1437,884,906]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="varii" subSpecies="fontinalis">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB6FFCE2FA43C386" bold="true" box="[1188,1437,884,906]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB6FFCE2FA8EC386" bold="true" box="[1188,1360,884,906]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">S. varii fontinalis</emphasis>
Leleup
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD4E450FF5CFC05FA42C3C8" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFC05FA42C3AB" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1436,913,936]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFC05FA42C3AB" box="[151,1436,913,936]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFC05FF71C3AB" bold="true" box="[151,175,914,935]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">22</emphasis>
Pronotum black....................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD4E450FB64FC05FA42C3AB" authority="Jaloszynski" authorityName="Jaloszynski" box="[1199,1436,913,936]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulirschi">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB64FC05FA42C3AB" bold="true" box="[1199,1436,913,936]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB64FC05FAFFC3A4" bold="true" box="[1199,1313,914,936]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">S. bulirschi</emphasis>
Jałoszyński
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFC27FA42C3C8" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1436,943,965]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFC27FA42C3C8" box="[151,1436,943,965]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFC27FF41C3C9" bold="true" box="[151,159,944,965]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">-</emphasis>
Pronotum reddish brown..............................................................................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FA4FFC38FA42C3C8" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,943,964]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">23</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD4E450FF5CFC5AFA42C436" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFC5AFA42C40C" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFC5AFA42C40C" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFC5AFF71C3EE" bold="true" box="[151,175,973,994]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">23</emphasis>
In abparameral view basal capsule more than twice as long as wide; basal and distal regions of paramere confluent, not delimited by rapid narrowing......................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD4E450FB4CFC7DFA42C40C" authority="Jaloszynski" authorityName="Jaloszynski" authorityYear="2012" box="[1159,1436,1002,1024]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudofranzi">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB4CFC7DFA42C40C" bold="true" box="[1159,1436,1002,1024]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB4CFC7DFAFFC40C" bold="true" box="[1159,1313,1002,1024]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">S. pseudofranzi</emphasis>
Jałoszynski
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFB9FFA42C436" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFB9FFA42C436" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
- In abparameral view basal capsule at most twice as long as wide; distal region of paramere delimited from basal region by rapid narrowing..........................................................................................
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FA4FFBB2FA42C436" bold="true" box="[1412,1436,1061,1082]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">24</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30B22E5DFFD4E450FF5CFBD5FA43C479" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFBD5FA43C45B" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1437,1090,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFBD5FA43C45B" box="[151,1437,1090,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFBD5FF71C45B" bold="true" box="[151,175,1090,1111]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">24</emphasis>
In abparameral and lateral views paramere distinctly recurved, with lateral margins sinuate............
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD4E450FB1DFBD5FA43C45B" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1238,1437,1090,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="varii" subSpecies="varii">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB1DFBD5FA43C45B" bold="true" box="[1238,1437,1090,1111]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB1DFBD5FA91C45B" bold="true" box="[1238,1359,1090,1111]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">S. varii varii</emphasis>
Leleup
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936F8FFD4E450FF5CFBF7FA43C479" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1141]" box="[151,1437,1119,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<keyLead id="30B795CDFFD4E450FF5CFBF7FA43C479" box="[151,1437,1119,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FF5CFBF7FF41C479" bold="true" box="[151,159,1120,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">-</emphasis>
In abparameral and lateral views paramere weakly curved, with lateral margins not sinuate.........
<taxonomicName id="4C464D7BFFD4E450FB7FFBC8FA43C479" authority="Leleup" authorityName="Leleup" authorityYear="1968" box="[1204,1437,1119,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Stenomastigus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="varii" subSpecies="riparius">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB7FFBC8FA43C479" bold="true" box="[1204,1437,1119,1141]" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">
<emphasis id="B932EAEAFFD4E450FB7FFBC8FA8EC478" bold="true" box="[1204,1360,1119,1140]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="111">S. varii riparius</emphasis>
Leleup
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
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</document>

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<subSubSection id="C3414D95FFB1FFC6C7D227B3FC9CFB64" box="[151,777,1236,1263]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE41E1EFFB1FFC6C7D227B3FC9CFB64" blockId="6.[151,777,1236,1299]" box="[151,777,1236,1263]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
<heading id="D0ACA972FFB1FFC6C7D227B3FC9CFB64" bold="true" box="[151,777,1236,1263]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB1FFC6C7D227B3FC9CFB64" ID-CoL="MLVM" authority="Sars, 1904" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,777,1236,1263]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Bosminidae" genus="Bosmina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis" subGenus="Liederobosmina">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB1FFC6C7D227B3FC9CFB64" bold="true" box="[151,777,1236,1263]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB1FFC6C7D227B3FE96FB64" bold="true" box="[151,259,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Bosmina</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB1FFC6C65127B3FE4DFB65" bold="true" box="[276,472,1236,1263]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Liederobosmina</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB1FFC6C6AC27B3FD14FB65" bold="true" box="[489,641,1236,1263]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">meridionalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB1FFC6C5C227B3FC9CFB64" author="Sars, G. O." box="[647,777,1236,1262]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" pagination="629 - 646" refId="ref17553" refString="Sars, G. O. (1904) Pacifische Plankton-Crustaceen (Ergebnisseeiner Reise nach dem Pacifific. Schauinsland 1896 / 97.). l. Plankton aus Salzeen und Susswasserteichen. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, 19, 629-646." type="journal article" year="1904">Sars, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3414D95FFB1FFC6C7D2279EFC6EFAFE" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE41E1EFFB1FFC6C7D2279EFEF6FA99" blockId="6.[151,777,1236,1299]" box="[151,355,1273,1299]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB1FFC6C7D2279EFE8CFA99" box="[151,281,1273,1299]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1022,1046]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,187,993]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[151,1436,181,998]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924 from Putrajaya Wetland, Putrajaya, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female.A, lateral view.B, posteroventralangle of valves.C, baseof antenna andlateral pore (indicated by arrow).D, postabdomen. Bosmina (Liederobosmina) meridionalis Sars, 1904 from Bukit Merah reservoir, Perak, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. E, lateral view. F, posteroventral angle of valves. G, base of antenna and lateral pore. H, postabdomen." pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Figs. 3E–H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB1FFC6C660279EFEF6FA99" box="[293,355,1273,1299]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1512,1536]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[189,1398,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924 from Putrajaya Wetland, Putrajaya, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, bases of antennule in frontal view, frontal head pore indicated by arrow. Bosmina (Liederobosmina) meridionalis Sars, 1904 from Bukit Merah reservoir, Perak, Malaysia, C, lateral view. D–E, head in lateral view, lateral head pores indicated by arrows. F, bases of antennule in frontal view, frontal head pore indicated by arrow." pageId="6" pageNumber="261">4C–F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41E1EFFB1FFC6C7D2265AFC6EFAFE" blockId="6.[151,1437,1341,1396]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB1FFC6C7D2265AFEC4FADF" author="Sars, G. O." box="[151,337,1341,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" pagination="629 - 646" refId="ref17553" refString="Sars, G. O. (1904) Pacifische Plankton-Crustaceen (Ergebnisseeiner Reise nach dem Pacifific. Schauinsland 1896 / 97.). l. Plankton aus Salzeen und Susswasserteichen. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, 19, 629-646." type="journal article" year="1904">Sars 1904: 63–63</bibRefCitation>
, Pl. 34,
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB1FFC6C6EE265AFD8CFADF" box="[427,537,1341,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1022,1046]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,187,993]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[151,1436,181,998]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924 from Putrajaya Wetland, Putrajaya, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female.A, lateral view.B, posteroventralangle of valves.C, baseof antenna andlateral pore (indicated by arrow).D, postabdomen. Bosmina (Liederobosmina) meridionalis Sars, 1904 from Bukit Merah reservoir, Perak, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. E, lateral view. F, posteroventral angle of valves. G, base of antenna and lateral pore. H, postabdomen." pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Figs. 3a–c</figureCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB1FFC6C560265AFCB5FADF" author="Korinek, V." box="[549,800,1341,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" pagination="275 - 296" refId="ref15603" refString="Korinek, V. (1971) Comparative study of head pores in the genus Bosmina Baird (Crustacea, Cladocera). Vestnik ceskoslovenske spolecnosti zoologicke, 35, 275-296." type="journal article" year="1971">Kořínek 1971: 286–289</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB1FFC6C469265AFC31FADF" box="[812,932,1341,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-103@12.[151,1435,345,1895]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Coronatella (Coronatella) acuticostata (Sars, 1903) from roadside pond, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A–C, lateral view, D–E, dorsal view. F, ventral view. G, postero-ventral portion of valves. H–I, postro-ventral angle of valves." pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Figs. 8A–F</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB1FFC6C4F4265AFB07FADF" author="Korinek, V." box="[945,1170,1341,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" pagination="89 - 91" refId="ref15637" refString="Korinek, V. (1983). Family Bosminidae. In: Smirnov, N. N. &amp; Timms, B. V. A revision of the Australian Cladocera (Crustacea). Records of the Australian Museum Supplement, 1, 89-91. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.1.1983.103" type="journal article" year="1983">Kořínek 1983: 89–90</bibRefCitation>
, Figs. 104–107;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB1FFC6C206265AFE65FAFE" author="Korinek, V. &amp; Sacherova, V. &amp; Havel, L." pageId="6" pageNumber="261" pagination="13 - 23" refId="ref15734" refString="Korinek, V., Sacherova, V. &amp; Havel, L. (1997) Subgeneric differences in head shield and ephippia ultrastructure within the genus Bosmina Baird (Crustacea, Cladocera). Hydrobiologia, 360, 13-23. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003181706280" type="journal article" year="1997">Kořínek, Sacherová &amp; Havel 1997: 15</bibRefCitation>
; figs. 2C, 4F;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB1FFC6C5C5263BFCEAFAFE" author="Kotov, A. A. &amp; Ishida, S. &amp; Taylor, D. J." box="[640,895,1372,1396]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref16045" refString="Kotov, A. A., Ishida, S. &amp; Taylor, D. J. (2009) Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156, 1-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00475.x" type="journal article" year="2009">Kotov et al. 2009: 19–21</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB1FFC6C4CC263BFC62FAFE" box="[905,1015,1372,1396]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 9" captionStart-1="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="14.[151,250,1694,1718]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,250,1279,1303]" captionTargetBox-0="[164,1423,381,1671]" captionTargetBox-1="[161,1431,184,1248]" captionTargetId-0="figure-119@14.[164,1423,381,1671]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@16.[151,1436,181,1255]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="FIGURE 9. Coronatella (Coronatella) acuticostata (Sars, 1903) from a roadside pond, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, rostrum and labrum. B, head pores. C, labrum and thoracic limb I. D, frontal head pore (indicated by arrow). E–F, postabdomen. G, antenna." captionText-1="FIGURE 10. Coronatella (Coronatella) acuticostata (Sars, 1903) from a roadside pond, Pahang, Malaysia, thoracic limbs of parthenogenetic female. A, limb I. B–C, IDL and ODL of limb I. D–E, inner and outer parts of limb II. F, exopodite of limb III. G, exopodite of limb IV. H, limb V (inner setae not shown). Karualona serrulata Van Damme, Maiphae &amp; Sa-adrit, 2013 from from a lake at Paya Indah Wetland, Selangor, parthenogenetic female. I, lateral view. J, posteroventral angle of valves, K, labrum. L, postabdomen." pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Figs. 9–10</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BE41E1EFFB1FFC6C7D226C5FE2CF9FA" blockId="6.[151,1437,1442,1864]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB1FFC6C7D226C5FE16FA36" bold="true" box="[151,387,1442,1468]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B331443FFB1FFC6C6C926C5FE22FA6B" collectingDate="2013-05-10" latitude="2.86975" location="Dengkil" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="101.6685" municipality="Several" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Selangor">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B808464FFB1FFC6C6C926C5FE75FA36" box="[396,480,1442,1468]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Several</collectingMunicipality>
parthenogenetic females from a tin-mining lake in
<location id="8E8448C5FFB1FFC6C37426C5FB1BFA36" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2AF08FFB1FFC6C7D227B3FAD6F8C2:8E8448C5FFB1FFC6C37426C5FB1BFA36" box="[1073,1166,1442,1468]" latitude="2.86975" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="101.6685" municipality="Several" name="Dengkil" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" stateProvince="Selangor">Dengkil</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="499FD0FCFFB1FFC6C3DE26C5FB6AFA36" box="[1179,1279,1442,1468]" country="Malaysia" name="Selangor" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Selangor</collectingRegion>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F78D9FFB1FFC6C25526C5FA0DFA36" box="[1296,1432,1442,1469]" degrees="2.86975" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" precision="1" value="2.86975">2.86975° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F78D9FFB1FFC6C7D226A1FEBEFA6A" box="[151,299,1478,1505]" degrees="101.6685" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" precision="5" value="101.6685">101.6685° E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFE538DEFFB1FFC6C60626A1FE22FA6B" box="[323,439,1478,1505]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" value="2013-05-10">
<collectingDate id="EFA1C136FFB1FFC6C60626A1FE22FA6B" box="[323,439,1478,1505]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" value="2013-05-10">5.10.2013</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B331443FFB1FFC6C68326A1FE21F98E" collectingDate="2014-11-30" latitude="3.27472" location="Batu Dam" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="101.691" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Selangor">
numerous parthenogenetic females from
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reservoir,
<collectingRegion id="499FD0FCFFB1FFC6C3DD26A1FB69FA6A" box="[1176,1276,1478,1504]" country="Malaysia" name="Selangor" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Selangor</collectingRegion>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F78D9FFB1FFC6C24B26A1FA0DFA6A" box="[1294,1432,1478,1504]" degrees="3.27472" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" precision="1" value="3.27472">3.27472° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F78D9FFB1FFC6C7D2268DFE8EF98E" box="[151,283,1514,1540]" degrees="101.691" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" precision="55" value="101.691">101.691° E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFE538DEFFB1FFC6C676268DFE21F98E" box="[307,436,1514,1540]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" value="2014-11-30">
<collectingDate id="EFA1C136FFB1FFC6C676268DFE21F98E" box="[307,436,1514,1540]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" value="2014-11-30">30.11.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B331443FFB1FFC6C684268DFE73F9A2" collectingDate="2018-01-26" latitude="5.04147" location="Bukit Merah" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="100.6582" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Perak">
numerous parthenogenetic females from
<location id="8E8448C5FFB1FFC6C4D2268DFBBCF98E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2AF08FFB1FFC6C7D227B3FAD6F8C2:8E8448C5FFB1FFC6C4D2268DFBBCF98E" box="[919,1065,1514,1540]" latitude="5.04147" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="100.6582" name="Bukit Merah" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" stateProvince="Perak">Bukit Merah</location>
reservoir,
<collectingRegion id="499FD0FCFFB1FFC6C3E3268DFAB7F98E" box="[1190,1314,1514,1540]" country="Malaysia" name="Perak" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Perak state</collectingRegion>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F78D9FFB1FFC6C271268DFF3BF9A2" degrees="5.04147" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" precision="1" value="5.04147">5.04147° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F78D9FFB1FFC6C7F92569FED8F9A2" box="[188,333,1550,1577]" degrees="100.6582" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" precision="5" value="100.6582">100.6582° E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFE538DEFFB1FFC6C6212569FE73F9A2" box="[356,486,1550,1576]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" value="2018-01-26">
<collectingDate id="EFA1C136FFB1FFC6C6212569FE73F9A2" box="[356,486,1550,1576]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" value="2018-01-26">26.01.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B331443FFB1FFC6C6B62569FE50F9C6" collectingDate="2014-04-12" latitude="4.85679" location="Taiping" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="100.7518" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Perak">
several parthenogenetic females from a pond at
<location id="8E8448C5FFB1FFC6C3582569FBE0F9A2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2AF08FFB1FFC6C7D227B3FAD6F8C2:8E8448C5FFB1FFC6C3582569FBE0F9A2" box="[1053,1141,1550,1576]" latitude="4.85679" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="100.7518" name="Taiping" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" stateProvince="Perak">Taiping</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="499FD0FCFFB1FFC6C3C72569FB6BF9A2" box="[1154,1278,1550,1576]" country="Malaysia" name="Perak" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Perak state</collectingRegion>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F78D9FFB1FFC6C2552569FA0DF9A2" box="[1296,1432,1550,1577]" degrees="4.85679" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" precision="1" value="4.85679">4.85679° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F78D9FFB1FFC6C7D22555FEBFF9C6" box="[151,298,1586,1613]" degrees="100.7518" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" precision="5" value="100.7518">100.7518° E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFE538DEFFB1FFC6C6062555FE50F9C6" box="[323,453,1586,1612]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" value="2014-04-12">
<collectingDate id="EFA1C136FFB1FFC6C6062555FE50F9C6" box="[323,453,1586,1612]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" value="2014-04-12">04.12.2014</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B331443FFB1FFC6C6962555FE20F9FA" collectingDate="2018-01-26" latitude="4.91688" location="Taiping" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="100.7122" municipality="Garden Lake" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Perak">
numerous parthenogenetic females from
<collectingMunicipality id="6B808464FFB1FFC6C4EB2555FBD3F9C6" box="[942,1094,1586,1612]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Garden Lake</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E8448C5FFB1FFC6C3102555FB38F9C6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2AF08FFB1FFC6C7D227B3FAD6F8C2:8E8448C5FFB1FFC6C3102555FB38F9C6" box="[1109,1197,1586,1612]" latitude="4.91688" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="100.7122" municipality="Garden Lake" name="Taiping" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" stateProvince="Perak">Taiping</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="499FD0FCFFB1FFC6C3F92555FB69F9C6" box="[1212,1276,1586,1612]" country="Malaysia" name="Perak" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Perak</collectingRegion>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F78D9FFB1FFC6C24B2555FA0DF9C6" box="[1294,1432,1586,1612]" degrees="4.91688" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" precision="1" value="4.91688">4.91688° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F78D9FFB1FFC6C7D22531FEB4F9FA" box="[151,289,1622,1648]" degrees="100.7122" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" precision="5" value="100.7122">100.7122°E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFE538DEFFB1FFC6C6712531FE20F9FA" box="[308,437,1622,1648]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" value="2018-01-26">
<collectingDate id="EFA1C136FFB1FFC6C6712531FE20F9FA" box="[308,437,1622,1648]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" value="2018-01-26">26.01.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41E1EFFB1FFC6C782251DFAD6F8C2" blockId="6.[151,1437,1442,1864]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">
This is the first record for
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFB1FFC6C6AD251DFDC7F91E" box="[488,594,1658,1684]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
. Studied specimens have the morphology typical of the species (
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB1FFC6C259251DFA0DF91E" box="[1308,1432,1658,1684]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1022,1046]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,187,993]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[151,1436,181,998]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924 from Putrajaya Wetland, Putrajaya, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female.A, lateral view.B, posteroventralangle of valves.C, baseof antenna andlateral pore (indicated by arrow).D, postabdomen. Bosmina (Liederobosmina) meridionalis Sars, 1904 from Bukit Merah reservoir, Perak, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. E, lateral view. F, posteroventral angle of valves. G, base of antenna and lateral pore. H, postabdomen." pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Figs. 3E–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB1FFC6C7D225F9FF4FF932" box="[151,218,1694,1720]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1512,1536]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[189,1398,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924 from Putrajaya Wetland, Putrajaya, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, bases of antennule in frontal view, frontal head pore indicated by arrow. Bosmina (Liederobosmina) meridionalis Sars, 1904 from Bukit Merah reservoir, Perak, Malaysia, C, lateral view. D–E, head in lateral view, lateral head pores indicated by arrows. F, bases of antennule in frontal view, frontal head pore indicated by arrow." pageId="6" pageNumber="261">4C–F</figureCitation>
), including characteristic position of lateral head pore (
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB1FFC6C40125F9FC3DF932" box="[836,936,1694,1720]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1022,1046]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,187,993]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[151,1436,181,998]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924 from Putrajaya Wetland, Putrajaya, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female.A, lateral view.B, posteroventralangle of valves.C, baseof antenna andlateral pore (indicated by arrow).D, postabdomen. Bosmina (Liederobosmina) meridionalis Sars, 1904 from Bukit Merah reservoir, Perak, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. E, lateral view. F, posteroventral angle of valves. G, base of antenna and lateral pore. H, postabdomen." pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Figs. 3G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB1FFC6C4F125F9FC6BF932" box="[948,1022,1694,1720]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1512,1536]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[189,1398,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924 from Putrajaya Wetland, Putrajaya, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, bases of antennule in frontal view, frontal head pore indicated by arrow. Bosmina (Liederobosmina) meridionalis Sars, 1904 from Bukit Merah reservoir, Perak, Malaysia, C, lateral view. D–E, head in lateral view, lateral head pores indicated by arrows. F, bases of antennule in frontal view, frontal head pore indicated by arrow." pageId="6" pageNumber="261">4D– E</figureCitation>
) and rounded frontal head pore (
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB1FFC6C22A25F9FF2CF956" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1512,1536]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[189,1398,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924 from Putrajaya Wetland, Putrajaya, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, bases of antennule in frontal view, frontal head pore indicated by arrow. Bosmina (Liederobosmina) meridionalis Sars, 1904 from Bukit Merah reservoir, Perak, Malaysia, C, lateral view. D–E, head in lateral view, lateral head pores indicated by arrows. F, bases of antennule in frontal view, frontal head pore indicated by arrow." pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB1FFC6C78B25A4FD02F956" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1904" box="[206,663,1730,1756]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Bosminidae" genus="Bosmina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis" subGenus="Liederobosmina">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB1FFC6C78B25A4FEA5F956" box="[206,304,1731,1756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Bosmina</emphasis>
(
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)
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB1FFC6C54C25A5FD02F956" box="[521,663,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species of subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB1FFC6C34E25A5FB55F956" box="[1035,1216,1730,1756]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Liederobosmina">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB1FFC6C34E25A5FB55F956" box="[1035,1216,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Liederobosmina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present in the East Hemisphere, the taxon was first described from
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFB1FFC6C5EE2581FC87F88A" box="[683,786,1766,1792]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFB1FFC6C4022581FC49F88A" box="[839,988,1766,1792]" name="New Zealand" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB1FFC6C4AE2581FBC9F88A" author="Sars, G. O." box="[1003,1116,1766,1792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" pagination="629 - 646" refId="ref17553" refString="Sars, G. O. (1904) Pacifische Plankton-Crustaceen (Ergebnisseeiner Reise nach dem Pacifific. Schauinsland 1896 / 97.). l. Plankton aus Salzeen und Susswasserteichen. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Systematik, 19, 629-646." type="journal article" year="1904">Sars 1904</bibRefCitation>
) and is common in the Indo-Malaysian Province (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB1FFC6C6C0246DFDCFF8AE" author="Sanoamuang, L." box="[389,602,1802,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" pagination="45 - 53" refId="ref17440" refString="Sanoamuang, L. (1998) Contributions to the knowledge of the Cladocera of northeast Thailand. Hydrobiologia, 362, 45-53. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1003111401684" type="journal article" year="1998">Sanoamuang 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB1FFC6C520246DFCDDF8AE" author="Maiphae, S. &amp; Pholpunthin, P. &amp; Dumont, H. J." box="[613,840,1802,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" pagination="33 - 43" refId="ref16725" refString="Maiphae, S., Pholpunthin, P. &amp; Dumont, H. J. (2008) Taxon richness and biogeography of the Cladocera (Crustacea: Ctenopoda, Anomopoda) of Thailand. International Journal of Limnology, 44 (1), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1051/limn:2008021" type="journal article" year="2008">
Maiphae
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB1FFC6C58B246CFC92F8AE" box="[718,775,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB1FFC6C411246DFBC9F8AE" author="Tanaka, S. &amp; Ohtaka, A." box="[852,1116,1802,1828]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" pagination="171 - 178" refId="ref19015" refString="Tanaka, S. &amp; Ohtaka, A. (2010) Freshwater Cladocera (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) in Lake Tonle Sap and its adjacent waters in Cambodia. Limnology, 11, 171-178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-009-0291-7" type="journal article" year="2010">Tanaka &amp; Ohtaka 2010</bibRefCitation>
; Chattergee
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB1FFC6C3A2246CFA8AF8AE" box="[1255,1311,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">et al.</emphasis>
2013). For the description of female see
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB1FFC6C6A52449FD13F8C2" author="Korinek, V." box="[480,646,1838,1864]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" pagination="89 - 91" refId="ref15637" refString="Korinek, V. (1983). Family Bosminidae. In: Smirnov, N. N. &amp; Timms, B. V. A revision of the Australian Cladocera (Crustacea). Records of the Australian Museum Supplement, 1, 89-91. https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0812-7387.1.1983.103" type="journal article" year="1983">Kořínek (1983</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB1FFC6C5D72449FD5EF8C2" author="Korinek, V." box="[658,715,1838,1864]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref15700" refString="Korinek, V. (1999) A guide to limnetic species of Cladocera of African inland waters (Crustacea, Branchiopoda). Occasional Publications SIL, 1, 1-57." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
) and for the description of male see
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB1FFC6C3202449FAAAF8C2" author="Kotov, A. A. &amp; Ishida, S. &amp; Taylor, D. J." box="[1125,1343,1838,1864]" pageId="6" pageNumber="261" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref16045" refString="Kotov, A. A., Ishida, S. &amp; Taylor, D. J. (2009) Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156, 1-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00475.x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Kotov
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB1FFC6C3F72448FB7FF8C2" box="[1202,1258,1838,1864]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="261">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB2FFC5C5502668FD66FAA3" author="Burckhardt, G." box="[533,755,1295,1321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" pagination="217 - 242" refId="ref13722" refString="Burckhardt, G. (1924) Wissenschaftlishe Ergebnisse einer Reise um die Erde von M. Pernod und C. Schroter. III. Zooplankton aus ost und sud-asiatischen Binnengewassern. Zeitschrift fur Hydrologie, 2, 217-242." type="journal article" year="1924">Burckhardt, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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,
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB2FFC5C66D2654FEFFFAC7" box="[296,362,1331,1357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1512,1536]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[189,1398,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924 from Putrajaya Wetland, Putrajaya, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, bases of antennule in frontal view, frontal head pore indicated by arrow. Bosmina (Liederobosmina) meridionalis Sars, 1904 from Bukit Merah reservoir, Perak, Malaysia, C, lateral view. D–E, head in lateral view, lateral head pores indicated by arrows. F, bases of antennule in frontal view, frontal head pore indicated by arrow." pageId="5" pageNumber="260">4A–B</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BE41E1EFFB2FFC5C7D22610FBA9FA47" blockId="5.[151,1437,1399,1485]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB2FFC5C7D22610FE3DFA05" author="Burckhardt, G." box="[151,424,1399,1424]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" pagination="217 - 242" refId="ref13722" refString="Burckhardt, G. (1924) Wissenschaftlishe Ergebnisse einer Reise um die Erde von M. Pernod und C. Schroter. III. Zooplankton aus ost und sud-asiatischen Binnengewassern. Zeitschrift fur Hydrologie, 2, 217-242." type="journal article" year="1924">Burckhardt 1924: 235–237</bibRefCitation>
, 240–241,
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB2FFC5C5502610FDCEFA1A" box="[533,603,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1279,1303]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,184,1248]" captionTargetId="figure-25@16.[151,1436,181,1255]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Coronatella (Coronatella) acuticostata (Sars, 1903) from a roadside pond, Pahang, Malaysia, thoracic limbs of parthenogenetic female. A, limb I. B–C, IDL and ODL of limb I. D–E, inner and outer parts of limb II. F, exopodite of limb III. G, exopodite of limb IV. H, limb V (inner setae not shown). Karualona serrulata Van Damme, Maiphae &amp; Sa-adrit, 2013 from from a lake at Paya Indah Wetland, Selangor, parthenogenetic female. I, lateral view. J, posteroventral angle of valves, K, labrum. L, postabdomen." pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
(fatalis,
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB2FFC5C5F72610FC24FA05" authorityName="Burckhardt" authorityYear="1924" box="[690,945,1399,1423]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Bosminidae" genus="Bosmina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="fatalis" variety="cyanopotamia">fatalis var. cyanopotamia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB2FFC5C4FC2610FB5DFA05" box="[953,1224,1399,1423]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Bosminidae" genus="Bosmina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="fatalis" variety="megalolimnetis">fatalis var. megalolimnetis</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB2FFC5C3922610FEB7FA24" author="Chiang, S. C. &amp; Du, N. S." pageId="5" pageNumber="260" refId="ref13913" refString="Chiang, S. C. &amp; Du, N. S. (1979) Fauna Sinica: Crustacea: Freshwater Cladocera. Science Press: Beijing, 297 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1979">Chiang &amp; Du 1979: 170–172</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 112;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB2FFC5C6D526F1FDD6FA24" author="Lieder, U." box="[400,579,1430,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" pagination="121 - 139" refId="ref16582" refString="Lieder, U. (1983) Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Crustacea, Cladocera). Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie, 68, 121-139. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19830680108" type="journal article" year="1983">Lieder 1983: 127</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB2FFC5C50B26F1FD03FA24" box="[590,662,1430,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1057]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1435,181,1057]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Streblocerus spinulatus Smirnov, 1992 from Chini Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C, ventral view. D, head in ventral view. E, antennule. F, postabdomen." pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB2FFC5C5E726F1FD28FA24" box="[674,701,1430,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionTargetBox="[159,1431,187,1611]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[151,1436,181,1622]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Coronatella (Coronatella) acuticostata (Sars, 1903) from roadside pond, Pahang, Malaysia. A. juvenile female of instar II. B, adult parthenogenetic female, lateral view. C, ventral margin of valves. D, postero-ventral angle of valves. E, head shield. F, head pores. G–I, labrum. J–K, postabdomen. L, postabdominal claw. M, antennule. N, antenna." pageId="5" pageNumber="260">7b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB2FFC5C58C26F1FD70FA24" box="[713,741,1430,1454]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-103@12.[151,1435,345,1895]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Coronatella (Coronatella) acuticostata (Sars, 1903) from roadside pond, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A–C, lateral view, D–E, dorsal view. F, ventral view. G, postero-ventral portion of valves. H–I, postro-ventral angle of valves." pageId="5" pageNumber="260">8b</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB2FFC5C5B426F0FC66FA24" author="Kotov, A. A. &amp; Ishida, S. &amp; Taylor, D. J." box="[753,1011,1430,1454]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref16045" refString="Kotov, A. A., Ishida, S. &amp; Taylor, D. J. (2009) Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156, 1-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00475.x" type="journal article" year="2009">Kotov et al. 2009: 14–17</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB2FFC5C4BA26F1FBCBFA24" box="[1023,1118,1430,1454]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1330,1354]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1645,1669]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionTargetBox-0="[203,1391,193,1293]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1431,187,1611]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,345,1895]" captionTargetId-0="figure-25@10.[189,1398,181,1307]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@11.[151,1436,181,1622]" captionTargetId-2="figure-103@12.[151,1435,345,1895]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Anthalona spinifera Tiang-nga, Sinev &amp; Sanoamuang, 2016, from Chini Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, posteroventral angle of valves. C, labrum. D, postabdomen. E, IDL and ODL of thoracic limb I. Anthalona vandammei Sinev, Tiang-nga, &amp; Sanoamuang, 2023, from Bera Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. F, lateral view (eyes not shown). G, ventral margin of valves. H, head pores. I, labrum. J, postabdomen." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Coronatella (Coronatella) acuticostata (Sars, 1903) from roadside pond, Pahang, Malaysia. A. juvenile female of instar II. B, adult parthenogenetic female, lateral view. C, ventral margin of valves. D, postero-ventral angle of valves. E, head shield. F, head pores. G–I, labrum. J–K, postabdomen. L, postabdominal claw. M, antennule. N, antenna." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Coronatella (Coronatella) acuticostata (Sars, 1903) from roadside pond, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A–C, lateral view, D–E, dorsal view. F, ventral view. G, postero-ventral portion of valves. H–I, postro-ventral angle of valves." pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Figs. 6–8</figureCitation>
(fatalis, fatalis cyanopotamia);
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB2FFC5C78226D2FE53FA47" author="Kotov, A. A. &amp; Jeong, H. J. &amp; Lee, W." box="[199,454,1461,1485]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" pagination="50 - 90" refId="ref16120" refString="Kotov, A. A., Jeong, H. J. &amp; Lee, W. (2012) Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of the south - east of the Korean Peninsula, with twenty new records for Korea. Zootaxa, 3368 (1), 50-90. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3368.1.4" type="journal article" year="2012">Kotov et al. 2012: 69–71</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 15;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB2FFC5C56326D2FC0EFA47" author="Korovchinsky, N. M. &amp; Kotov, A. A. &amp; Sinev, A. &amp; Neretina, A. N. &amp; Garibian, P. G." box="[550,923,1461,1485]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" refId="ref15539" refString="Korovchinsky, N. M., Kotov, A. A., Sinev, A. Y, Neretina, A. N. &amp; Garibian, P. G. (2021 b) The water fleas (Crustacea: Cladocera) of North Eurasia. Vol. 2. KMK, Moscow, 544 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2021">Korovchinsky et al. 2021b: 247–249</bibRefCitation>
, Figs. 72, 7–11.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3414D95FFB2FFC5C7D2269CFE35F8D3" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE41E1EFFB2FFC5C7D2269CFE0FF9B3" blockId="5.[151,1437,1531,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB2FFC5C7D2269CFE14F99F" bold="true" box="[151,385,1531,1557]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B331443FFB2FFC5C6CD269CFE03F9B3" collectingDate="2018-01-24" latitude="2.94434" location="Wetland" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="101.6926" municipality="Over" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Putrajaya">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B808464FFB2FFC5C6CD269CFE55F99F" box="[392,448,1531,1557]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Over</collectingMunicipality>
20 parthenogenetic females from
<collectingRegion id="499FD0FCFFB2FFC5C407269CFC39F99F" box="[834,940,1531,1557]" country="Malaysia" name="Putrajaya" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Putrajaya</collectingRegion>
<location id="8E8448C5FFB2FFC5C4F7269CFB87F99F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2AF08FFB2FFC5C7D22668FE35F8D3:8E8448C5FFB2FFC5C4F7269CFB87F99F" box="[946,1042,1531,1557]" latitude="2.94434" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="101.6926" municipality="Over" name="Wetland" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" stateProvince="Putrajaya">Wetland</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="499FD0FCFFB2FFC5C358269CFB12F99F" box="[1053,1159,1531,1557]" country="Malaysia" name="Putrajaya" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Putrajaya</collectingRegion>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F78D9FFB2FFC5C3D3269CFA89F99C" box="[1174,1308,1531,1558]" degrees="2.94434" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" precision="1" value="2.94434">2.94434° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F78D9FFB2FFC5C26D269CFF3EF9B3" degrees="101.6926" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" precision="5" value="101.6926">101.6926° E</geoCoordinate>
), coll. in
<date id="FFE538DEFFB2FFC5C6512578FE03F9B3" box="[276,406,1567,1593]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" value="2018-01-24">
<collectingDate id="EFA1C136FFB2FFC5C6512578FE03F9B3" box="[276,406,1567,1593]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" value="2018-01-24">24.01.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41E1EFFB2FFC5C7822524FE35F8D3" blockId="5.[151,1437,1531,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">
This is the first record for
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFB2FFC5C6AA2524FDCCF9D7" box="[495,601,1603,1629]" name="Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
. The species was previously reported from the same locality by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB2FFC5C26E2524FF77F90B" author="Umi, W. A. D. &amp; Yusoff, F. M. &amp; Aris, A. Z. &amp; Sharip, Z. &amp; Sinev, A. Y." pageId="5" pageNumber="260" refId="ref19266" refString="Umi, W. A. D., Yusoff, F. M., Aris, A. Z., Sharip, Z. &amp; Sinev, A. Y. (2020) Planktonic microcrustacean community structure varies with trophic status and environmental variables in tropical shallow lakes in Malaysia. Diversity, 12 (9), 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12090322" type="journal volume" year="2020">
Umi
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB2FFC5C2212523FA08F9D7" box="[1380,1437,1603,1629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB2FFC5C64F250FFDB8F90B" baseAuthorityName="O. F. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[266,557,1639,1666]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Bosminidae" genus="Bosmina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longirostris" subGenus="Bosmina">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB2FFC5C64F250FFE8EF90B" box="[266,283,1640,1665]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">B</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB2FFC5C671250FFE03F90B" box="[308,406,1640,1665]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Bosmina</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB2FFC5C6ED2500FDB8F90B" box="[424,557,1639,1665]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">longirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB2FFC5C5682500FDA4F90B" box="[557,561,1639,1665]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">.</emphasis>
Studied specimens have the morphology typical of the species (
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB2FFC5C2552500FA0DF90B" box="[1296,1432,1639,1665]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1022,1046]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,187,993]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[151,1436,181,998]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924 from Putrajaya Wetland, Putrajaya, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female.A, lateral view.B, posteroventralangle of valves.C, baseof antenna andlateral pore (indicated by arrow).D, postabdomen. Bosmina (Liederobosmina) meridionalis Sars, 1904 from Bukit Merah reservoir, Perak, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. E, lateral view. F, posteroventral angle of valves. G, base of antenna and lateral pore. H, postabdomen." pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Figs. 3A–D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB2FFC5C7D225ECFF28F92F" box="[151,189,1675,1701]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1512,1536]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[189,1398,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924 from Putrajaya Wetland, Putrajaya, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, bases of antennule in frontal view, frontal head pore indicated by arrow. Bosmina (Liederobosmina) meridionalis Sars, 1904 from Bukit Merah reservoir, Perak, Malaysia, C, lateral view. D–E, head in lateral view, lateral head pores indicated by arrows. F, bases of antennule in frontal view, frontal head pore indicated by arrow." pageId="5" pageNumber="260">4A</figureCitation>
), including characteristic position of lateral head pore (
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB2FFC5C46A25ECFC12F92F" box="[815,903,1675,1701]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1022,1046]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,187,993]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[151,1436,181,998]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924 from Putrajaya Wetland, Putrajaya, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female.A, lateral view.B, posteroventralangle of valves.C, baseof antenna andlateral pore (indicated by arrow).D, postabdomen. Bosmina (Liederobosmina) meridionalis Sars, 1904 from Bukit Merah reservoir, Perak, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. E, lateral view. F, posteroventral angle of valves. G, base of antenna and lateral pore. H, postabdomen." pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
), and horseshoe-shaped frontal head pore (
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB2FFC5C22A25ECFF2EF943" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1512,1536]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-18@7.[189,1398,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924 from Putrajaya Wetland, Putrajaya, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, bases of antennule in frontal view, frontal head pore indicated by arrow. Bosmina (Liederobosmina) meridionalis Sars, 1904 from Bukit Merah reservoir, Perak, Malaysia, C, lateral view. D–E, head in lateral view, lateral head pores indicated by arrows. F, bases of antennule in frontal view, frontal head pore indicated by arrow." pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). The species clearly differs from other species found in
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFB2FFC5C46925C8FC00F943" box="[812,917,1711,1737]" name="Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB2FFC5C4E525D7FA89F943" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1904" box="[928,1308,1711,1737]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Bosminidae" genus="Bosmina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis" subGenus="Liederobosmina">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB2FFC5C4E525D7FC2DF943" box="[928,952,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">B.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB2FFC5C48225C8FA89F943" box="[967,1308,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Liederobosmina) meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB2FFC5C25925C8FAB5F943" box="[1308,1312,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">,</emphasis>
in position of the lateral head pore and shape of the frontal pore.
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB2FFC5C5A425B3FCE7F967" authorityName="Burckhardt" authorityYear="1924" box="[737,882,1747,1773]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Bosminidae" genus="Bosmina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fatalis" subGenus="Sinobosmina">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB2FFC5C5A425B3FD6CF967" box="[737,761,1748,1773]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">B.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB2FFC5C44D25B4FC88F967" box="[776,797,1747,1773]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">S.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB2FFC5C46925B4FCE7F967" box="[812,882,1747,1773]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">fatalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to East and Southeast Asia, distributed in
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFB2FFC5C7F02590FE8EF89B" box="[181,283,1783,1809]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFB2FFC5C66D2590FE0BF89B" box="[296,414,1783,1809]" name="Cambodia" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
, the
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFB2FFC5C6932590FDC2F89B" box="[470,599,1783,1809]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, eastern
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFB2FFC5C5F92590FC97F89B" box="[700,770,1783,1809]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFB2FFC5C44B259FFCC7F898" box="[782,850,1784,1810]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Korea</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFB2FFC5C4C8259FFC58F898" box="[909,973,1784,1810]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB2FFC5C4982590FB52F89B" author="Maiphae, S. &amp; Pholpunthin, P. &amp; Dumont, H. J." box="[989,1223,1783,1809]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" pagination="33 - 43" refId="ref16725" refString="Maiphae, S., Pholpunthin, P. &amp; Dumont, H. J. (2008) Taxon richness and biogeography of the Cladocera (Crustacea: Ctenopoda, Anomopoda) of Thailand. International Journal of Limnology, 44 (1), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1051/limn:2008021" type="journal article" year="2008">
Maiphae
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB2FFC5C30C259FFB16F89B" box="[1097,1155,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB2FFC5C3912590FF46F8BF" author="Tanaka, S. &amp; Ohtaka, A." pageId="5" pageNumber="260" pagination="171 - 178" refId="ref19015" refString="Tanaka, S. &amp; Ohtaka, A. (2010) Freshwater Cladocera (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) in Lake Tonle Sap and its adjacent waters in Cambodia. Limnology, 11, 171-178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-009-0291-7" type="journal article" year="2010">Tanaka &amp; Ohtaka 2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB2FFC5C798247CFD9CF8BF" author="Korovchinsky, N. M. &amp; Kotov, A. A. &amp; Sinev, A. &amp; Neretina, A. N. &amp; Garibian, P. G." box="[221,521,1819,1845]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" refId="ref15539" refString="Korovchinsky, N. M., Kotov, A. A., Sinev, A. Y, Neretina, A. N. &amp; Garibian, P. G. (2021 b) The water fleas (Crustacea: Cladocera) of North Eurasia. Vol. 2. KMK, Moscow, 544 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="2021">
Korovchinsky
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB2FFC5C6C4247BFE2DF8BF" box="[385,440,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">et al.</emphasis>
2021b
</bibRefCitation>
). For detailed description of female see
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB2FFC5C485247BFB03F8BF" author="Kotov, A. A. &amp; Jeong, H. J. &amp; Lee, W." box="[960,1174,1819,1846]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" pagination="50 - 90" refId="ref16120" refString="Kotov, A. A., Jeong, H. J. &amp; Lee, W. (2012) Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of the south - east of the Korean Peninsula, with twenty new records for Korea. Zootaxa, 3368 (1), 50-90. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3368.1.4" type="journal article" year="2012">
Kotov
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB2FFC5C349247BFBA9F8BF" box="[1036,1084,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">et al</emphasis>
. (2012)
</bibRefCitation>
, for description of male see
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB2FFC5C7872427FE09F8D3" author="Kotov, A. A. &amp; Ishida, S. &amp; Taylor, D. J." box="[194,412,1855,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="260" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref16045" refString="Kotov, A. A., Ishida, S. &amp; Taylor, D. J. (2009) Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156, 1-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00475.x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Kotov
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB2FFC5C64A2427FED2F8D3" box="[271,327,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="260">et al.</emphasis>
(2009)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB3FFC4C7D2208BFDFAFB8D" ID-CoL="52WXC" authority="Smirnov, 1992" authorityName="Smirnov" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,623,1004,1031]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Streblocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulatus">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C7D2208BFDFAFB8D" bold="true" box="[151,623,1004,1031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C7D2208BFE21FB8D" bold="true" box="[151,436,1004,1031]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Streblocerus spinulatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB3FFC4C6FE208AFDFAFB8D" author="Smirnov, N. N." box="[443,623,1005,1031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refId="ref18490" refString="Smirnov, N. N. (1992) The Macrothricidae of the world. Guides to the identification of the microivertebrates of the Continental Waters of the world. Vol. 1. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, 143 pp." type="book" year="1992">Smirnov, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BE41E1EFFB3FFC4C7D22776FF4CFBA1" blockId="4.[151,623,1004,1067]" box="[151,217,1041,1067]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB3FFC4C7D22776FF4CFBA1" box="[151,217,1041,1067]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1057]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1435,181,1057]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Streblocerus spinulatus Smirnov, 1992 from Chini Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C, ventral view. D, head in ventral view. E, antennule. F, postabdomen." pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41E1EFFB3FFC4C7D22732FEB2FB06" blockId="4.[151,1437,1109,1164]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB3FFC4C7D22732FE6DFBE4" author="Idris B. A. G. &amp; Fernando, C. H." box="[151,504,1109,1134]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref14970" refString="Idris B. A. G. &amp; Fernando, C. H. (1981 a) Cladocera of Malaysia and Singapore with new records, redescriptions, and remarks on some species. Hydrobiologia, 77, 233-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00019671" type="journal article" year="1981">Idris &amp; Fernando 1981a: 237–238</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB3FFC4C5462732FDFAFBE4" box="[515,623,1109,1134]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 8" captionStart-1="FIGURE 9" captionStart-2="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="12.[151,250,1918,1942]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,250,1694,1718]" captionStartId-2="16.[151,250,1279,1303]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,345,1895]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1423,381,1671]" captionTargetBox-2="[161,1431,184,1248]" captionTargetId-0="figure-103@12.[151,1435,345,1895]" captionTargetId-1="figure-119@14.[164,1423,381,1671]" captionTargetId-2="figure-25@16.[151,1436,181,1255]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionText-0="FIGURE 8. Coronatella (Coronatella) acuticostata (Sars, 1903) from roadside pond, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A–C, lateral view, D–E, dorsal view. F, ventral view. G, postero-ventral portion of valves. H–I, postro-ventral angle of valves." captionText-1="FIGURE 9. Coronatella (Coronatella) acuticostata (Sars, 1903) from a roadside pond, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, rostrum and labrum. B, head pores. C, labrum and thoracic limb I. D, frontal head pore (indicated by arrow). E–F, postabdomen. G, antenna." captionText-2="FIGURE 10. Coronatella (Coronatella) acuticostata (Sars, 1903) from a roadside pond, Pahang, Malaysia, thoracic limbs of parthenogenetic female. A, limb I. B–C, IDL and ODL of limb I. D–E, inner and outer parts of limb II. F, exopodite of limb III. G, exopodite of limb IV. H, limb V (inner setae not shown). Karualona serrulata Van Damme, Maiphae &amp; Sa-adrit, 2013 from from a lake at Paya Indah Wetland, Selangor, parthenogenetic female. I, lateral view. J, posteroventral angle of valves, K, labrum. L, postabdomen." pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Figs. 8–10</figureCitation>
(
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<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C53A2731FD71FBE7" box="[639,740,1110,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">pygmaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB3FFC4C5B92732FC20FBE4" author="Idris, B. A. G." box="[764,949,1109,1134]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refId="ref14937" refString="Idris, B. A. G. (1983) Freshwater zooplankton of Malaysia (Crustacea: Cladocera). Universiti Pertanian Malaysia Press, Serdang, Selangor, 153 pp." type="book" year="1983">Idris 1983: 42–43</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 20 (
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB3FFC4C35F2731FBEAFBE7" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1901" box="[1050,1151,1110,1133]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Streblocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C35F2731FBEAFBE7" box="[1050,1151,1110,1133]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">pygmaeus</emphasis>
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);
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB3FFC4C3D32732FACBFBE7" author="Smirnov, N. N." box="[1174,1374,1109,1134]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refId="ref18490" refString="Smirnov, N. N. (1992) The Macrothricidae of the world. Guides to the identification of the microivertebrates of the Continental Waters of the world. Vol. 1. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, 143 pp." type="book" year="1992">Smirnov 1992: 126</bibRefCitation>
, Figs. 528–530.
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<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C7D227DDFEEAFB5E" bold="true" box="[151,383,1210,1236]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Material examined</emphasis>
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B808464FFB3FFC4C6D727DDFE73FB5E" box="[402,486,1210,1236]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Several</collectingMunicipality>
parthenogenetic females from a forest waterbody near
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<collectingRegion id="499FD0FCFFB3FFC4C20627DDFA0DFB5E" box="[1347,1432,1210,1236]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Pahang</collectingRegion>
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11 parthenogenetic females from
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(
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,
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;
<materialsCitation id="3B331443FFB3FFC4C6AE2665FE9EFACA" collectingDate="2018-02-01" location="Bera Lake" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pahang">
several parthenogenetic females from various locations in
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, on
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<collectingDate id="EFA1C136FFB3FFC4C7D22641FE9EFACA" box="[151,267,1318,1344]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" value="2018-02-01">1.02.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41E1EFFB3FFC4C782262DFEB8F9EA" blockId="4.[151,1437,1210,1885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">
Body shape of the studied specimens (
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB3FFC4C53C262DFD67FAEE" box="[633,754,1354,1380]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1057]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1435,181,1057]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Streblocerus spinulatus Smirnov, 1992 from Chini Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C, ventral view. D, head in ventral view. E, antennule. F, postabdomen." pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Fig. 2A–C</figureCitation>
) is typical of the genus, with a head length of about half the length of the valves. Valves and head are covered by a peculiar scale-like sculpture. The morphology of antennule, antenna and labrum is typical of the genus (
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB3FFC4C5CE26F5FC92FA26" box="[651,775,1426,1452]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1057]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1435,181,1057]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Streblocerus spinulatus Smirnov, 1992 from Chini Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C, ventral view. D, head in ventral view. E, antennule. F, postabdomen." pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Fig. 2D–E</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB3FFC4C45E26F5FBB6FA26" authorityName="Smirnov" authorityYear="1992" box="[795,1059,1426,1452]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Streblocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulatus">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C45E26F5FBB6FA26" box="[795,1059,1426,1452]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Streblocerus spinulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly differs from the Eurasian
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB3FFC4C7D226D0FEDAFA5A" baseAuthorityName="Fischer" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[151,335,1462,1489]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Streblocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serricaudatus">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C7D226D0FEDAFA5A" box="[151,335,1462,1489]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">S. serricaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. lato (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB3FFC4C69926D1FDF3FA5A" author="Hudec, I." box="[476,614,1462,1488]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refId="ref14906" refString="Hudec, I. (2010) Fauna Slovenska III. Anomopoda, Ctenopoda, Haplopoda, Onychopoda (Crustacea: Branchiopoda). Veda, Bratislava, 496 pp." type="book" year="2010">Hudec 2010</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB3FFC4C5DA26D1FC0CFA5A" author="Tiang-Nga, S. &amp; Sinev, A. Y. &amp; Sanoamuang, L." box="[671,921,1462,1488]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" pagination="275 - 290" refId="ref19138" refString="Tiang-Nga, S., Sinev, A. Y. &amp; Sanoamuang, L. (2020) High diversity of Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) in a Ramsar site Lake Kud - Thing, Northeast Thailand. Zootaxa, 4780 (2), 275-290. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4780.2.3" type="journal article" year="2020">
Tiang-nga
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C45F26D0FCC1FA5A" box="[794,852,1462,1488]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
), Venezuelan
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB3FFC4C37D26D0FE21FA7F" authority="Smirnov, Alvarez &amp; Castillo, 1995" authorityName="Smirnov, Alvarez &amp; Castillo" authorityYear="1995" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Streblocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="superserricaudatus">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C37D26D0FAB8FA5A" box="[1080,1325,1462,1489]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">S. superserricaudatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB3FFC4C27226D1FE21FA7F" author="Smirnov, N. N. &amp; Alvarez, H. &amp; Castillo, M. M." pageId="4" pageNumber="259" pagination="167 - 170" refId="ref18584" refString="Smirnov, N. N., Alvarez, H. &amp; Castillo, M. M. (1995) Streblocerus superserricaudatus sp. nov. from Venezuela. Hydrobiologia, 312, 167-170. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00015509" type="journal article" year="1995">Smirnov, Alvarez &amp; Castillo, 1995</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB3FFC4C6B426BDFD41FA7F" author="Smirnov, N. N. &amp; Alvarez, H. &amp; Castillo, M. M." box="[497,724,1498,1525]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" pagination="167 - 170" refId="ref18584" refString="Smirnov, N. N., Alvarez, H. &amp; Castillo, M. M. (1995) Streblocerus superserricaudatus sp. nov. from Venezuela. Hydrobiologia, 312, 167-170. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00015509" type="journal article" year="1995">
Smirnov
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C51F26BCFD06FA7E" box="[602,659,1498,1524]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
) and West African
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB3FFC4C4EA26BCFA96FA7E" authority="Dumont, 1981" authorityName="Dumont" authorityYear="1981" box="[943,1283,1498,1525]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Streblocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inexpectatus">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C4EA26BCFBCDFA7E" box="[943,1112,1499,1525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">S. inexpectatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB3FFC4C32526BCFA96FA7E" author="Dumont, H. J." box="[1120,1283,1498,1525]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" pagination="97 - 115" refId="ref14102" refString="Dumont, H. J. (1981) Cladocera and free-living Copepoda from the Fouta Djalon and adjacent mountain areas in West Africa. Hydrobiologia, 85, 97-115. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006620" type="journal article" year="1981">Dumont, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB3FFC4C20526BCFF45F992" author="Dumont, H. J." pageId="4" pageNumber="259" pagination="97 - 115" refId="ref14102" refString="Dumont, H. J. (1981) Cladocera and free-living Copepoda from the Fouta Djalon and adjacent mountain areas in West Africa. Hydrobiologia, 85, 97-115. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006620" type="journal article" year="1981">Dumont 1981</bibRefCitation>
) in absence of denticles on preanal margin of the postabdomen (see
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB3FFC4C49F2699FBBAF992" box="[986,1071,1534,1560]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1057]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1435,181,1057]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Streblocerus spinulatus Smirnov, 1992 from Chini Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C, ventral view. D, head in ventral view. E, antennule. F, postabdomen." pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB3FFC4C3012699FAD9F992" authorityName="Smirnov" authorityYear="1992" box="[1092,1356,1534,1560]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Streblocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulatus">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C3012699FAD9F992" box="[1092,1356,1534,1560]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Streblocerus spinulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from its sibling species,
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB3FFC4C6E52544FD35F9B6" authority="Sars, 1901" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1901" box="[416,672,1570,1597]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Streblocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pigmaeus">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C6E52544FDB0F9B6" box="[416,549,1571,1597]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">S. pigmaeus</emphasis>
Sars, 1901
</taxonomicName>
, in having much longer setulae on preanal margin of the postabdomen (see
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFB3FFC4C78E2521FEB5F9EA" box="[203,288,1606,1632]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1057]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1435,181,1057]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Streblocerus spinulatus Smirnov, 1992 from Chini Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C, ventral view. D, head in ventral view. E, antennule. F, postabdomen." pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41E1EFFB3FFC4C782250DFACFF8D6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1210,1885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB3FFC4C782250DFE5BF90E" authorityName="Smirnov" authorityYear="1992" box="[199,462,1642,1668]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Streblocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulatus">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C782250DFE5BF90E" box="[199,462,1642,1668]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Streblocerus spinulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB3FFC4C5DA250DFC2AF90E" author="Idris B. A. G. &amp; Fernando, C. H." box="[671,959,1642,1668]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref14970" refString="Idris B. A. G. &amp; Fernando, C. H. (1981 a) Cladocera of Malaysia and Singapore with new records, redescriptions, and remarks on some species. Hydrobiologia, 77, 233-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00019671" type="journal article" year="1981">Idris &amp; Fernando (1981a)</bibRefCitation>
from Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFB3FFC4C3C6250DFB7FF90E" box="[1155,1258,1642,1668]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB3FFC4C255250CFE9AF922" authority="Sars, 1901" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1901" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Streblocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C255250CFA09F90E" box="[1296,1436,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">S. pygmaeus</emphasis>
Sars, 1901
</taxonomicName>
, although the latter is described from
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFB3FFC4C5F125E9FD6DF922" box="[692,760,1678,1704]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and is known from the Central and South America.
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB3FFC4C27925E9FF77F946" author="Smirnov, N. N." pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refId="ref18490" refString="Smirnov, N. N. (1992) The Macrothricidae of the world. Guides to the identification of the microivertebrates of the Continental Waters of the world. Vol. 1. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, 143 pp." type="book" year="1992">Smirnov (1992)</bibRefCitation>
has proposed that this population belongs to a distinct species.
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB3FFC4C4E225D5FB3BF946" authorityName="Smirnov" authorityYear="1992" box="[935,1198,1714,1740]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Streblocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulatus">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C4E225D5FB3BF946" box="[935,1198,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Streblocerus spinulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from a few localities in Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFB3FFC4C6E425B1FD99F97A" box="[417,524,1750,1776]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
: Chini Lake,
<collectingRegion id="499FD0FCFFB3FFC4C5E325B1FD6DF97A" box="[678,760,1750,1776]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Pahang</collectingRegion>
(our data), Subang Lake,
<collectingRegion id="499FD0FCFFB3FFC4C36625B1FB1DF97A" box="[1059,1160,1750,1776]" country="Malaysia" name="Selangor" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Selangor</collectingRegion>
, Batang Bertunjai pond,
<collectingRegion id="499FD0FCFFB3FFC4C7D2259DFF6EF89E" box="[151,251,1786,1812]" country="Malaysia" name="Selangor" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Selangor</collectingRegion>
and Mengkarak rice field and
<collectingRegion id="499FD0FCFFB3FFC4C518259DFD3AF89E" box="[605,687,1786,1812]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Pahang</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB3FFC4C5FA259DFC43F89E" author="Idris B. A. G. &amp; Fernando, C. H." box="[703,982,1786,1812]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" pagination="233 - 256" refId="ref14970" refString="Idris B. A. G. &amp; Fernando, C. H. (1981 a) Cladocera of Malaysia and Singapore with new records, redescriptions, and remarks on some species. Hydrobiologia, 77, 233-256. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00019671" type="journal article" year="1981">Idris &amp; Fernando 1981a</bibRefCitation>
). Also, the species was observed in one locality in
<collectingRegion id="499FD0FCFFB3FFC4C6482479FEC1F8B2" box="[269,340,1822,1848]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Sabah</collectingRegion>
, East
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFB3FFC4C6D12479FE6EF8B2" box="[404,507,1822,1848]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB3FFC4C54D2479FD61F8B2" author="Sinev, A. Y. &amp; Yusoff, F. M." box="[520,756,1822,1848]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" pagination="362 - 372" refId="ref18399" refString="Sinev, A. Y. &amp; Yusoff, F. M. (2018) New data on Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of Sabah State, Borneo Island, Malaysia. Zootaxa, 4438 (2), 362-372. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4438.2.10" type="journal article" year="2018">Sinev &amp; Yusoff 2018</bibRefCitation>
) and in North-East
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFB3FFC4C48E2479FBBAF8B2" box="[971,1071,1822,1848]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB3FFC4C3792479FABAF8B2" author="Tiang-Nga, S. &amp; Sinev, A. Y. &amp; Sanoamuang, L." box="[1084,1327,1822,1848]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" pagination="275 - 290" refId="ref19138" refString="Tiang-Nga, S., Sinev, A. Y. &amp; Sanoamuang, L. (2020) High diversity of Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) in a Ramsar site Lake Kud - Thing, Northeast Thailand. Zootaxa, 4780 (2), 275-290. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4780.2.3" type="journal article" year="2020">
Tiang-nga
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C3F32478FB78F8B2" box="[1206,1261,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). Records of
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB3FFC4C7F32425FED6F8D6" box="[182,323,1858,1884]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Streblocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C7F32425FED6F8D6" box="[182,323,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">Streblocerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFB3FFC4C6C32425FE5CF8D6" box="[390,457,1858,1884]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">China</collectingCountry>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFB3FFC4C6A82425FD43F8D6" author="Chiang, S. C. &amp; Du, N. S." box="[493,726,1858,1885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" refId="ref13913" refString="Chiang, S. C. &amp; Du, N. S. (1979) Fauna Sinica: Crustacea: Freshwater Cladocera. Science Press: Beijing, 297 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="1979">Chiang &amp; Du (1979)</bibRefCitation>
might also belong to
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFB3FFC4C48C2424FBCDF8D6" authorityName="Smirnov" authorityYear="1992" box="[969,1112,1858,1885]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Macrothricidae" genus="Streblocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="4" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinulatus">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFB3FFC4C48C2424FBCDF8D6" box="[969,1112,1858,1885]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="259">S. spinulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and should be revised.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<heading id="D0ACA972FFBEFFC9C7D2261AFC0AFA1D" bold="true" box="[151,927,1405,1432]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFBEFFC9C7D2261AFC0AFA1D" bold="true" box="[151,927,1405,1432]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFBEFFC9C7D2261AFE6DFA1D" authority="Sinev" authorityName="Sinev" box="[151,504,1405,1432]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vandammei">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFBEFFC9C7D2261AFE3EFA12" bold="true" box="[151,427,1405,1432]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Anthalona vandammei</emphasis>
Sinev
</taxonomicName>
, Tiang-nga, &amp; Sanoamuang, 2023
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3414D95FFBEFFC9C7D226C6FF61F996" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE41E1EFFBEFFC9C7D226C6FE99FA31" blockId="9.[151,927,1405,1467]" box="[151,268,1441,1467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFBEFFC9C7D226C6FE99FA31" box="[151,268,1441,1467]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1330,1354]" captionTargetBox="[203,1391,193,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[189,1398,181,1307]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anthalona spinifera Tiang-nga, Sinev &amp; Sanoamuang, 2016, from Chini Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, posteroventral angle of valves. C, labrum. D, postabdomen. E, IDL and ODL of thoracic limb I. Anthalona vandammei Sinev, Tiang-nga, &amp; Sanoamuang, 2023, from Bera Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. F, lateral view (eyes not shown). G, ventral margin of valves. H, head pores. I, labrum. J, postabdomen." pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Figs. 6F–J</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41E1EFFBEFFC9C7D22681FF61F996" blockId="9.[151,1437,1510,1564]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA63EFFFBEFFC9C7D22681FDC2FA74" author="Maiphae, S. &amp; Pholpunthin, P. &amp; Dumont, H. J." box="[151,599,1510,1534]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" pagination="33 - 43" refId="ref16725" refString="Maiphae, S., Pholpunthin, P. &amp; Dumont, H. J. (2008) Taxon richness and biogeography of the Cladocera (Crustacea: Ctenopoda, Anomopoda) of Thailand. International Journal of Limnology, 44 (1), 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1051/limn:2008021" type="journal article" year="2008">Maiphae, Pholpunthin &amp; Dumont 2008: 34</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFBEFFC9C5262681FD39FA74" box="[611,684,1510,1534]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1081,1105]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1057]" captionTargetId="figure-18@5.[151,1435,181,1057]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Streblocerus spinulatus Smirnov, 1992 from Chini Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C, ventral view. D, head in ventral view. E, antennule. F, postabdomen." pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Fig. 2b</figureCitation>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFBEFFC9C5F82681FCF2FA74" box="[701,871,1510,1534]" class="Branchiopoda" genus="Alona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFBEFFC9C5F82681FCF2FA74" box="[701,871,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Alona verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Sinev, Tiang-nga &amp; Sanoamuang 2023: 68–74,
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFBEFFC9C22F2681FF65F996" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1859,1883]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1081,1105]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1022,1046]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1512,1536]" captionStartId-4="8.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox-0="[193,1396,197,1836]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,181,1057]" captionTargetBox-2="[155,1432,187,993]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1398,181,1489]" captionTargetBox-4="[166,1422,460,1806]" captionTargetId-0="figure-18@3.[177,1411,181,1836]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@5.[151,1435,181,1057]" captionTargetId-2="figure-25@6.[151,1436,181,998]" captionTargetId-3="figure-18@7.[189,1398,181,1489]" captionTargetId-4="figure-135@8.[151,1436,453,1821]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Simocephalus (Echinocaudus) exspinosus (De Geer, 1778) from pond at Permai Lake, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, postabdomen, С, postabdominal claw from outer side. D, basal portion of postabdominal claw from outer side. E, group of pigmented hypoderm cells on valves. Simocephalus (Simocephalus) mixtus Sars, 1903 pond at the Permai Lake, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia, F, lateral view. G, head. H, posteroventral angle of valves. I, postabdomen. J, basal portion of postabdominal claw from outer side." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Streblocerus spinulatus Smirnov, 1992 from Chini Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, dorsal view. C, ventral view. D, head in ventral view. E, antennule. F, postabdomen." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924 from Putrajaya Wetland, Putrajaya, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female.A, lateral view.B, posteroventralangle of valves.C, baseof antenna andlateral pore (indicated by arrow).D, postabdomen. Bosmina (Liederobosmina) meridionalis Sars, 1904 from Bukit Merah reservoir, Perak, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. E, lateral view. F, posteroventral angle of valves. G, base of antenna and lateral pore. H, postabdomen." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924 from Putrajaya Wetland, Putrajaya, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, bases of antennule in frontal view, frontal head pore indicated by arrow. Bosmina (Liederobosmina) meridionalis Sars, 1904 from Bukit Merah reservoir, Perak, Malaysia, C, lateral view. D–E, head in lateral view, lateral head pores indicated by arrows. F, bases of antennule in frontal view, frontal head pore indicated by arrow." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Acroperus africanus Neretina &amp; Kotov, 2015 from Chini Lake, Pahang, Malaysia.A–D, parthenogenetic female.A, lateral view. B, posteroventral angle of valves. C, postabdomen. D, antenna. E–J, adult male. E, lateral view. F, postabdomen. G, antenna. H, antennule. I, ODL, copulatory hook and IDL of thoracic limb I. J, frontal side and endite 3 of thoracic limb I." pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3414D95FFBEFFC9C7D2252DFD6DF823" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE41E1EFFBEFFC9C7D2252DFE88F903" blockId="9.[151,1437,1610,1961]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFBEFFC9C7D2252DFE1DF9EE" bold="true" box="[151,392,1610,1636]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B331443FFBEFFC9C6D3252CFE8CF903" collectingDate="2018-01-02" latitude="3.13704" location="Bera Lake" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="102.60639" municipality="Three" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pahang">
<collectingMunicipality id="6B808464FFBEFFC9C6D3252CFE42F9EF" box="[406,471,1611,1637]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Three</collectingMunicipality>
parthenogenetic females from
<location id="8E8448C5FFBEFFC9C414252CFC45F9EF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2AF08FFBEFFC9C7D2261AFD6DF823:8E8448C5FFBEFFC9C414252CFC45F9EF" box="[849,976,1611,1637]" latitude="3.13704" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="102.60639" municipality="Three" name="Bera Lake" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" stateProvince="Pahang">Bera Lake</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="499FD0FCFFBEFFC9C4A7252CFBA1F9EF" box="[994,1076,1611,1637]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Pahang</collectingRegion>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F78D9FFBEFFC9C30F252CFB4DF9EF" box="[1098,1240,1611,1637]" degrees="3.13704" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" precision="1" value="3.13704">3.13704° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6F78D9FFBEFFC9C3AF252CFA1AF9EF" box="[1258,1423,1611,1637]" degrees="102.60639" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" precision="1" value="102.60639">102.60639° E</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFE538DEFFBEFFC9C7D22508FE8CF903" box="[151,281,1647,1673]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" value="2018-01-02">
<collectingDate id="EFA1C136FFBEFFC9C7D22508FE8CF903" box="[151,281,1647,1673]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" value="2018-01-02">01.02.2018</collectingDate>
</date>
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41E1EFFBEFFC9C78225F4FC57F8B7" blockId="9.[151,1437,1610,1961]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">
This is the first record for
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFBEFFC9C6B825F4FDF2F927" box="[509,615,1683,1709]" name="Malaysia" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
. Studied specimens have a body shape typical of the species (
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFBEFFC9C27225F4FA1AF927" box="[1335,1423,1683,1709]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1330,1354]" captionTargetBox="[203,1391,193,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[189,1398,181,1307]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anthalona spinifera Tiang-nga, Sinev &amp; Sanoamuang, 2016, from Chini Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, posteroventral angle of valves. C, labrum. D, postabdomen. E, IDL and ODL of thoracic limb I. Anthalona vandammei Sinev, Tiang-nga, &amp; Sanoamuang, 2023, from Bera Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. F, lateral view (eyes not shown). G, ventral margin of valves. H, head pores. I, labrum. J, postabdomen." pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
), morphology of valves (
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFBEFFC9C6DB25D0FE6CF95B" box="[414,505,1719,1745]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1330,1354]" captionTargetBox="[203,1391,193,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[189,1398,181,1307]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anthalona spinifera Tiang-nga, Sinev &amp; Sanoamuang, 2016, from Chini Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, posteroventral angle of valves. C, labrum. D, postabdomen. E, IDL and ODL of thoracic limb I. Anthalona vandammei Sinev, Tiang-nga, &amp; Sanoamuang, 2023, from Bera Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. F, lateral view (eyes not shown). G, ventral margin of valves. H, head pores. I, labrum. J, postabdomen." pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
), head pores (
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFBEFFC9C5D225D0FD64F95B" box="[663,753,1719,1745]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1330,1354]" captionTargetBox="[203,1391,193,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[189,1398,181,1307]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anthalona spinifera Tiang-nga, Sinev &amp; Sanoamuang, 2016, from Chini Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, posteroventral angle of valves. C, labrum. D, postabdomen. E, IDL and ODL of thoracic limb I. Anthalona vandammei Sinev, Tiang-nga, &amp; Sanoamuang, 2023, from Bera Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. F, lateral view (eyes not shown). G, ventral margin of valves. H, head pores. I, labrum. J, postabdomen." pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
), labrum (
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFBEFFC9C42025D0FC26F95B" box="[869,947,1719,1745]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1330,1354]" captionTargetBox="[203,1391,193,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[189,1398,181,1307]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anthalona spinifera Tiang-nga, Sinev &amp; Sanoamuang, 2016, from Chini Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, posteroventral angle of valves. C, labrum. D, postabdomen. E, IDL and ODL of thoracic limb I. Anthalona vandammei Sinev, Tiang-nga, &amp; Sanoamuang, 2023, from Bera Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. F, lateral view (eyes not shown). G, ventral margin of valves. H, head pores. I, labrum. J, postabdomen." pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Fig. 6I</figureCitation>
) and postabdomen (
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFBEFFC9C3DD25D0FB7FF95B" box="[1176,1258,1719,1745]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1330,1354]" captionTargetBox="[203,1391,193,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[189,1398,181,1307]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anthalona spinifera Tiang-nga, Sinev &amp; Sanoamuang, 2016, from Chini Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, posteroventral angle of valves. C, labrum. D, postabdomen. E, IDL and ODL of thoracic limb I. Anthalona vandammei Sinev, Tiang-nga, &amp; Sanoamuang, 2023, from Bera Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. F, lateral view (eyes not shown). G, ventral margin of valves. H, head pores. I, labrum. J, postabdomen." pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Fig. 6J</figureCitation>
). The species is very close in morphology to
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFBEFFC9C69E25BCFD2EF97F" box="[475,699,1755,1781]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinifera">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFBEFFC9C69E25BCFD2EF97F" box="[475,699,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Anthalona spinifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differs from this and all other East Asian species of the genus in long posterior setae on valves (
<figureCitation id="1360029BFFBEFFC9C5532598FDE4F893" box="[534,625,1791,1817]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1330,1354]" captionTargetBox="[203,1391,193,1293]" captionTargetId="figure-25@10.[189,1398,181,1307]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anthalona spinifera Tiang-nga, Sinev &amp; Sanoamuang, 2016, from Chini Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. A, lateral view. B, posteroventral angle of valves. C, labrum. D, postabdomen. E, IDL and ODL of thoracic limb I. Anthalona vandammei Sinev, Tiang-nga, &amp; Sanoamuang, 2023, from Bera Lake, Pahang, Malaysia, parthenogenetic female. F, lateral view (eyes not shown). G, ventral margin of valves. H, head pores. I, labrum. J, postabdomen." pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
), with the last setae located at postero-ventral angle of valves, followed by 15 short setulae only. For detailed description see Sinev
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFBEFFC9C4742444FCFFF8B7" box="[817,874,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">et al.</emphasis>
(2023).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE41E1EFFBEFFC9C7822420FD6DF823" blockId="9.[151,1437,1610,1961]" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">
<taxonomicName id="4C5B659DFFBEFFC9C7822420FE56F8EB" box="[199,451,1863,1889]" class="Branchiopoda" family="Chydoridae" genus="Anthalona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostraca" pageId="9" pageNumber="264" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vandammei">
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFBEFFC9C7822420FE56F8EB" box="[199,451,1863,1889]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Anthalona vandammei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rare endemic of South-East Asia, previously known from Lake Kud-Thing in
<collectingRegion id="499FD0FCFFBEFFC9C2162420FEA7F80F" country="Thailand" name="Bueng Kan" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Bueng Kan Province</collectingRegion>
, North-East
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFBEFFC9C6F8240CFDB6F80F" box="[445,547,1899,1925]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, and in Thungtong swamp in
<collectingRegion id="499FD0FCFFBEFFC9C42E240CFBCCF80F" box="[875,1113,1899,1925]" country="Thailand" name="Surat Thani" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Surat Thani Province</collectingRegion>
, Southern
<collectingCountry id="F34C5E8EFFBEFFC9C38A240CFAA6F80F" box="[1231,1331,1899,1925]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(Sinev
<emphasis id="B92FC20CFFBEFFC9C2CD240CFF21F823" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="264">et al.</emphasis>
2023). The species is associated with macrophytes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:affiliation id="18E6FA67D124C252F10101B6A20D9CE8">Pacific Northwest Diptera Research Lab, 1460 SW Allen St., Corvallis, OR, 97333 USA.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B4F9011BEC2F35AE8C5C7C80214ACDD7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B1376361673C68229ED6CA3ACC314906">
<mods:roleTerm id="1DBC00F63238F7F1D8552F6D8F519BC2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="768762F7A73B48D1D324A0ACDAFAB99C">Dankowicz, Even</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6EC8EB3DF38AA308EF259BCDD190C5DD">Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="014026EDD7B95FE0002AB43968AB3AB2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A8D3337E5E9D1D0DBF23412066966281">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="AC2FA67AF6C14122C36E481675CE8D10">
<mods:date id="CA310CE4FC193047B2DE934DAE9B48CD">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="880A2198450917EFB7449C8A82183D7C">2025-03-13</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C813A9F9343F13C1302BAD36BAF96DA5" type="volume">
<mods:number id="9BDC2BA2C916084BD179F15982EA60B5">5604</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F5BAAA6B57380BDE9EDE06D57AF54F98">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="DB6D64CFB99DD05B72AEF7A884EFA664">145</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="D1194415AC7F898504715C59D5E3265F">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.2.4</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="3442E052FB776CA3A4B65B7030847427">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="BB884C99D648A860141A7D6F40411FDA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5604.2.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="92CB28D766ADD0681BF437E08AC96440" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A967100B5B9B4C095C8DB77CC707EEE5" type="Zenodo-Dep">15035642</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="45E62EE84592AAEABA58205D2FD2898C" type="ZooBank">14D8209-4323-44D3-9F21-52B1EA458EB9</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="34178785FFD8FFE0D7D9F1CCFD668EA7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035634" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15035634" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:34178785FFD8FFE0D7D9F1CCFD668EA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/34178785FFD8FFE0D7D9F1CCFD668EA7" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">
<subSubSection id="F4A46518FFD8FFE2D7D9F1CCFDCD8FB0" box="[151,512,931,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BC013693FFD8FFE2D7D9F1CCFDCD8FB0" blockId="1.[151,512,931,994]" box="[151,512,931,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">
<heading id="E74981FFFFD8FFE2D7D9F1CCFDCD8FB0" bold="true" box="[151,512,931,958]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFD8FFE2D7D9F1CCFDCD8FB0" ID-CoL="LR92" authority="Meigen, 1818" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1818" box="[151,512,931,958]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanigerus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFD8FFE2D7D9F1CCFDCD8FB0" bold="true" box="[151,512,931,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFD8FFE2D7D9F1CCFE9F8FB0" bold="true" box="[151,338,931,958]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Bibio lanigerus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFD8FFE2D617F1CBFDCD8FB0" author="Meigen, J. W." box="[345,512,932,958]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" refId="ref5953" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1818) Systematische Beschreibung der bekanten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Vol. 1. Gedrukt bei Beaufort Sohn, Bei Friedrich Wilhelm Forstmann, Aachen, xxxvi + 332 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12464" type="book" year="1818">Meigen, 1818</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F4A46518FFD8FFE2D7D9F1A7FEDF8FEC" box="[151,274,968,994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="description">
<paragraph id="BC013693FFD8FFE2D7D9F1A7FEDF8FEC" blockId="1.[151,512,931,994]" box="[151,274,968,994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">
(
<figureCitation id="24852A16FFD8FFE2D7D1F1A7FEC48FEC" box="[159,265,968,994]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="2.[151,212,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-158@2.[329,1259,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGS. 1–2. Bibio lanigerus Meigen, male. 1. Habitus, in nature, Waltham, MA, USA, May 3, 2017, (c) Even Dankowicz. 2. Habitus, pinned specimen, scale bar = ca. 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035644/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F4A46518FFD8FFE2D7D9F67FFAF88945" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="BC013693FFD8FFE2D7D9F67FFAF88945" blockId="1.[151,1437,1040,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFD8FFE2D7D9F67FFE4C8824" bold="true" box="[151,385,1040,1066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Material Examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="0CD63CCEFFD8FFE2D6DFF67FFA558841" collectingDate="2023-04-25" collectionCode="SFC, MCZC" collectorName="J. Forrester &amp; E. Dankowicz" country="United States of America" county="Middlesex Co." location="Brandeis University" municipality="Waltham" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="17" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="7" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<collectingCountry id="C4A97603FFD8FFE2D6DFF67FFE008824" box="[401,461,1040,1066]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">USA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFD8FFE2D694F67FFD4D8824" box="[474,640,1040,1066]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="55604E1FFFD8FFE2D5C2F67FFCF88824" box="[652,821,1040,1066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Middlesex Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="5C65ACE9FFD8FFE2D40CF67FFC648824" box="[834,937,1040,1066]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Waltham</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="B9616048FFD8FFE2D4F8F67FFB578824" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:34178785FFD8FFE0D7D9F1CCFD668EA7:B9616048FFD8FFE2D4F8F67FFB578824" box="[950,1178,1040,1066]" country="United States of America" county="Middlesex Co." municipality="Waltham" name="Brandeis University" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Brandeis University</location>
, 42.366°, -71.264°,
<date id="C8001053FFD8FFE2D2CEF67FFEDA8840" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" value="2023-04-25">
<collectingDate id="D844E9BBFFD8FFE2D2CEF67FFEDA8840" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" value="2023-04-25">25 April 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="114B5345FFD8FFE2D66AF65AFE6B8841" box="[292,422,1077,1103]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">J. Forrester</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="114B5345FFD8FFE2D6FDF65AFD9A8840" box="[435,599,1076,1103]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">E. Dankowicz</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFD8FFE2D52AF65AFD0D8840" box="[612,704,1076,1103]" count="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="male">7 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFD8FFE2D583F65BFCF68840" box="[717,827,1076,1102]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="DAAFAE56FFD8FFE2D403F65BFC498840" box="[845,900,1076,1102]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/myie-bfyd" name="Laboratory of Fishes" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="">SFC</collectionCode>
),
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFD8FFE2D4D4F65BFBEB8840" box="[922,1062,1076,1102]" count="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
in EtOH (
<collectionCode id="DAAFAE56FFD8FFE2D3EEF65BFB3C8840" box="[1184,1265,1076,1102]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">MCZC</collectionCode>
ENT:952161)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="0CD63CCEFFD8FFE2D7D9F636FCB4887C" box="[151,889,1112,1139]" collectingDate="2023-04-26" collectionCode="SFC" country="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-male="15" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
same except 42.3695°, -71.2535°,
<date id="C8001053FFD8FFE2D555F637FD77887C" box="[539,698,1112,1138]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" value="2023-04-26">
<collectingDate id="D844E9BBFFD8FFE2D555F637FD77887C" box="[539,698,1112,1138]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" value="2023-04-26">26 April 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFD8FFE2D588F637FCE7887C" box="[710,810,1112,1139]" count="15" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="male">15 males</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="DAAFAE56FFD8FFE2D474F637FCBC887C" box="[826,881,1112,1138]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/myie-bfyd" name="Laboratory of Fishes" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="">SFC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="0CD63CCEFFD8FFE2D4C8F636FDB18898" collectingDate="2018-05-03" collectionCode="MCZC" collectorName="Dankowicz" country="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
same except 42.336°, -71.261°,
<date id="C8001053FFD8FFE2D3A3F637FAB4887C" box="[1261,1401,1112,1139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" value="2018-05-03">
<collectingDate id="D844E9BBFFD8FFE2D3A3F637FAB4887C" box="[1261,1401,1112,1139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" value="2018-05-03">3 May 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
, E.
<collectorName id="114B5345FFD8FFE2D7D9F613FED48898" box="[151,281,1148,1174]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Dankowicz</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFD8FFE2D668F613FEBE8898" box="[294,371,1148,1174]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="DAAFAE56FFD8FFE2D6CAF613FE188898" box="[388,469,1148,1174]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">MCZC</collectionCode>
ENT:803976)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="0CD63CCEFFD8FFE2D5C7F613FE5A88B4" collectingDate="1926-05-28" collectionCode="MCZC" collectorName="George Salt" country="United States of America" county="Suffolk Co." location="Forest Hills" municipality="Boston" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<collectingCounty id="55604E1FFFD8FFE2D5C7F613FCC28898" box="[649,783,1148,1174]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Suffolk Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="5C65ACE9FFD8FFE2D452F612FCA38899" box="[796,878,1149,1175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Boston</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="B9616048FFD8FFE2D435F612FBCE8898" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:34178785FFD8FFE0D7D9F1CCFD668EA7:B9616048FFD8FFE2D435F612FBCE8898" box="[891,1027,1148,1175]" country="United States of America" county="Suffolk Co." municipality="Boston" name="Forest Hills" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Forest Hills</location>
,
<date id="C8001053FFD8FFE2D35EF613FB618898" box="[1040,1196,1148,1175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" value="1926-05-28">
<collectingDate id="D844E9BBFFD8FFE2D35EF613FB618898" box="[1040,1196,1148,1175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" value="1926-05-28">28 May 1926</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="114B5345FFD8FFE2D3F7F613FA8F8898" box="[1209,1346,1148,1174]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">George Salt</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFD8FFE2D201F613FA518898" box="[1359,1436,1148,1174]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="DAAFAE56FFD8FFE2D7D1F6CFFF3D88B4" box="[159,240,1184,1210]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">MCZC</collectionCode>
ENT:803977)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="0CD63CCEFFD8FFE2D6EDF6CEFAD488B4" box="[419,1305,1184,1211]" collectingDate="1927-05-30" collectionCode="MCZC" country="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
same except
<date id="C8001053FFD8FFE2D576F6CFFD1988B4" box="[568,724,1184,1211]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" value="1927-05-30">
<collectingDate id="D844E9BBFFD8FFE2D576F6CFFD1988B4" box="[568,724,1184,1211]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" value="1927-05-30">30 May 1927</collectingDate>
</date>
, collector unknown,
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFD8FFE2D48AF6CFFBDD88B4" box="[964,1040,1184,1210]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="DAAFAE56FFD8FFE2D36FF6CFFBBF88B4" box="[1057,1138,1184,1210]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">MCZC</collectionCode>
ENT:803978)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="0CD63CCEFFD8FFE2D268F6CFFACD88D0" collectingDate="1992-04-09" collectionCode="SFC" collectorName="La Rouviere &amp; J. P. Haenni" country="France" elevation="900" location="Gard" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Massachusetts">
<collectingCountry id="C4A97603FFD8FFE2D268F6CFFA5488B4" box="[1318,1433,1184,1210]" name="France" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
:
<location id="B9616048FFD8FFE2D7D9F6ABFF1F88D0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:34178785FFD8FFE0D7D9F1CCFD668EA7:B9616048FFD8FFE2D7D9F6ABFF1F88D0" box="[151,210,1220,1246]" country="France" name="Gard" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Gard</location>
, ca. 44°3', 3°26',
<collectorName id="114B5345FFD8FFE2D6C5F6AAFDDA88D0" box="[395,535,1220,1247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">La Rouvière</collectorName>
, ca.
<quantity id="7B469B76FFD8FFE2D571F6ABFD4688D0" box="[575,651,1220,1247]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" unit="km" value="1.5">1.5 km</quantity>
SW, ~
<quantity id="7B469B76FFD8FFE2D59EF6ABFCD588D1" box="[720,792,1220,1247]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" unit="m" value="900.0">
<elevation id="3793D1A0FFD8FFE2D59EF6ABFCD588D1" box="[720,792,1220,1247]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" unit="m" value="900.0">900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="C8001053FFD8FFE2D46FF6ABFC6088D0" box="[801,941,1220,1246]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" value="1992-04-09">
<collectingDate id="D844E9BBFFD8FFE2D46FF6ABFC6088D0" box="[801,941,1220,1246]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" value="1992-04-09">9 April 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="114B5345FFD8FFE2D4F8F6AAFBF988D0" box="[950,1076,1220,1247]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">J.P. Haenni</collectorName>
, st.1,
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFD8FFE2D33EF6ABFB7988D0" box="[1136,1204,1220,1246]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="male">1male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="DAAFAE56FFD8FFE2D38FF6ABFB3588D0" box="[1217,1272,1220,1246]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/myie-bfyd" name="Laboratory of Fishes" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="">SFC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="0CD63CCEFFD8FFE2D247F6ABFC39890C" collectingDate="1894-05-03" collectionCode="MCZC" collectorName="M. P. Riedel" country="Germany" location="Oetzsch" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sachsen">
<collectingCountry id="C4A97603FFD8FFE2D247F6ABFA5488D0" box="[1289,1433,1220,1246]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">GERMANY</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFD8FFE2D7D9F687FF22890C" box="[151,239,1256,1282]" country="Germany" name="Sachsen" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Saxony</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="B9616048FFD8FFE2D7B2F687FE94890C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:34178785FFD8FFE0D7D9F1CCFD668EA7:B9616048FFD8FFE2D7B2F687FE94890C" box="[252,345,1256,1282]" country="Germany" name="Oetzsch" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" stateProvince="Sachsen">Oetzsch</location>
,
<date id="C8001053FFD8FFE2D628F687FE39890C" box="[358,500,1256,1283]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" value="1894-05-03">
<collectingDate id="D844E9BBFFD8FFE2D628F687FE39890C" box="[358,500,1256,1283]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" value="1894-05-03">3 May 1894</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="114B5345FFD8FFE2D54FF686FD5F890C" box="[513,658,1256,1283]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">M. P. Riedel</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFD8FFE2D5D1F687FD21890C" box="[671,748,1256,1282]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="DAAFAE56FFD8FFE2D5B2F687FC80890C" box="[764,845,1256,1282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">MCZC</collectionCode>
ENT:803968)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="0CD63CCEFFD8FFE2D34FF687FE178928" collectionCode="MCZC" collectorName="Possneck, M. P &amp; Riedel" country="Germany" location="Thuringia" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Thueringen">
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFD8FFE2D34FF687FBB9890C" box="[1025,1140,1256,1282]" country="Germany" name="Thueringen" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Thuringia</collectingRegion>
:
<collectorName id="114B5345FFD8FFE2D3CEF687FAE4890D" box="[1152,1321,1256,1283]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Pössneck, M. P</collectorName>
.
<collectorName id="114B5345FFD8FFE2D27BF687FA4C890C" box="[1333,1409,1256,1282]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Riedel</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFD8FFE2D2C0F687FF008928" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="DAAFAE56FFD8FFE2D7AEF763FEFC8928" box="[224,305,1292,1318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">MCZC</collectionCode>
ENT:803969)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="0CD63CCEFFD8FFE2D6A7F763FF358944" collectionCode="MCZC" collectorName="Uerdingen, M. P &amp; Riedel" country="Germany" location="North Rhine-Westphalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Nordrhein-Westfalen">
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFD8FFE2D6A7F763FCCF8928" box="[489,770,1292,1318]" country="Germany" name="Nordrhein-Westfalen" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">North Rhine-Westphalia</collectingRegion>
:
<collectorName id="114B5345FFD8FFE2D45EF763FC1F8929" box="[784,978,1292,1319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Uerdingen, M. P</collectorName>
.
<collectorName id="114B5345FFD8FFE2D4AFF763FBE08928" box="[993,1069,1292,1318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Riedel</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFD8FFE2D372F763FB5B8928" box="[1084,1174,1292,1318]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="DAAFAE56FFD8FFE2D3E6F763FB348928" box="[1192,1273,1292,1318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">MCZC</collectionCode>
ENT:803970, 803971)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="0CD63CCEFFD8FFE2D64DF75FFAFC8945" box="[259,1329,1328,1355]" collectionCode="MCZC" country="Germany" location="Berlin" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Berlin">
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFD8FFE2D64DF75FFE818944" box="[259,332,1328,1354]" country="Germany" name="Berlin" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Berlin</collectingRegion>
, collector unknown,
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFD8FFE2D578F75FFD428944" box="[566,655,1328,1354]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFD8FFE2D5D5F75FFCCA8944" box="[667,775,1328,1354]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="DAAFAE56FFD8FFE2D45BF75FFCAB8944" box="[789,870,1328,1354]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">MCZC</collectionCode>
ENT:803972, 803973, 803974, 803975)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F4A46518FFD8FFE2D789F73BFCAD8A64" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="BC013693FFD8FFE2D789F73BFCAD8A64" blockId="1.[151,1437,1040,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFD8FFE2D789F73BFEF78960" bold="true" box="[199,314,1364,1390]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. In the
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFD8FFE2D6D5F73BFE378960" box="[411,506,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nearctic" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nearctic</taxonomicName>
region males (
<figureCitation id="24852A16FFD8FFE2D5E5F73BFCD58960" box="[683,792,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="2.[151,212,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-158@2.[329,1259,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGS. 1–2. Bibio lanigerus Meigen, male. 1. Habitus, in nature, Waltham, MA, USA, May 3, 2017, (c) Even Dankowicz. 2. Habitus, pinned specimen, scale bar = ca. 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035644/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
) can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: Legs bicolored (femora dark brown to black, tibiae lighter in color; orange to orange-brown), posterior wing veins pigmented, hind basitarsus slightly swollen, sausage-shaped, ca. 3–3.5x as long as wide and about 1/2 the width of the dilated apex of the hind tibia, fore tibial spur less than 1/2 length of spine, r-m subequal to distinctly longer than the base of Rs, antennal flagellum 7-segmented. This is a medium-sized (wing length about
<quantity id="7B469B76FFD8FFE2D240F78BFA5989F0" box="[1294,1428,1508,1535]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5.5 mm</quantity>
) spring-flying species. In the eastern
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFD8FFE2D565F467FD478A2C" box="[555,650,1544,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nearctic" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nearctic</taxonomicName>
region males can usually be quickly recognized by the combination of the bicolored hind legs (strongly contrasting dark femur and pale tibia) and posterior wing veins pigmented, though non-average specimens of some other species may also fit here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F4A46518FFD8FFE0D789F41BFEB48D6B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="148" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="BC013693FFD8FFE2D789F41BFE5A8B68" blockId="1.[151,1437,1040,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFD8FFE2D789F41BFE858A80" bold="true" box="[199,328,1652,1678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Comments</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFD8FFE2D616F41BFDAA8A80" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[344,615,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanigerus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFD8FFE2D616F41BFDC58A80" box="[344,520,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Bibio lanigerus</emphasis>
Meigen
</taxonomicName>
is widespread in Europe (
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFD8FFE2D4DDF41BFBAE8A80" author="Krivosheina, N. P." box="[915,1123,1652,1678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" pagination="319 - 330" refId="ref5801" refString="Krivosheina, N. P. (1986) Family Bibionidae. In: Soos, A. &amp; Papp, L., Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 4. Sciaridae- Anisopodidae. Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., New York, New York, pp. 319-330." type="book chapter" year="1986">Krivosheina 1986</bibRefCitation>
). Material collected around Boston, Massachusetts dating back to 1926 was determined to be this species and compared with European specimens (
<collectingCountry id="C4A97603FFD8FFE2D7D1F4D3FF208AD8" box="[159,237,1724,1750]" name="France" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">France</collectingCountry>
&amp;
<collectingCountry id="C4A97603FFD8FFE2D659F4D3FE4C8AD8" box="[279,385,1724,1750]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Germany</collectingCountry>
) for confirmation. Over 300 photographic records (iNaturalist.com &amp; BugGuide.Net) from between 2009 and 2023 were also confirmed to be
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFD8FFE2D5AFF48EFCA18AF4" box="[737,876,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanigerus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFD8FFE2D5AFF48EFCA18AF4" box="[737,876,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">B. lanigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by ED and represent localities in Manhattan and western
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFD8FFE2D7BBF56AFDCD8B10" box="[245,512,1796,1823]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Long Island, New York</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFD8FFE2D544F56BFD588B10" box="[522,661,1796,1822]" country="United States of America" name="Connecticut" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Connecticut</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFD8FFE2D5EEF56BFCF48B10" box="[672,825,1796,1822]" country="United States of America" name="Rhode Island" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Rhode Island</collectingRegion>
; eastern
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFD8FFE2D4D4F56BFBF28B10" box="[922,1087,1796,1822]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
; southeastern
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFD8FFE2D390F56AFA548B10" box="[1246,1433,1796,1823]" country="United States of America" name="New Hampshire" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">New Hampshire</collectingRegion>
; and southern
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFD8FFE2D67FF547FEB68B4C" box="[305,379,1832,1858]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">Maine</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4A97603FFD8FFE2D6C6F547FE098B4C" box="[392,452,1832,1858]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">USA</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFD8FFE2D69EF546FD968B4C" box="[464,603,1832,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanigerus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFD8FFE2D69EF546FD968B4C" box="[464,603,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">B. lanigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be an introduced species that has been slowly spreading from eastern Massachusetts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC013693FFD8FFE1D789F51FFD4D8DA3" blockId="1.[151,1437,1040,2039]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">
Males of
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFD8FFE2D665F51EFE7F8B84" box="[299,434,1904,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanigerus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFD8FFE2D665F51EFE7F8B84" box="[299,434,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">B. lanigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are probably most similar to the western species
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFD8FFE2D48FF51EFB408B84" authority="Hardy" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1937" box="[961,1165,1904,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericatus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFD8FFE2D48FF51EFB8F8B84" box="[961,1090,1905,1930]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">B. sericatus</emphasis>
Hardy
</taxonomicName>
, but can be distinguished by the more contrasting hind femur and tibia (black and yellow respectively verses black/dark brown and brown with rufous tint), thinner hind tibial spurs (flatter and more spatulate in
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFD8FFE2D432F5D6FBCD8BDC" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1937" box="[892,1024,1977,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericatus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFD8FFE2D432F5D6FBCD8BDC" box="[892,1024,1977,2002]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="146">B. sericatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and more apically dilated hind tibia (tibial apex about 2x the width of the basitarsus (see
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFD8FFE2D5A5F5B3FCA78BF8" author="Duda, O." box="[747,874,2012,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="146" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref5079" refString="Duda, O. (1930) Bibionidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart. pp. 1-75, 2 pls." type="book chapter" year="1930">Duda 1930</bibRefCitation>
, Textfig. 26) versus only slightly broader than the basitarsus in
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDBFFE1D669F2F8FE678CBE" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1937" box="[295,426,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericatus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDBFFE1D669F2F8FE678CBE" box="[295,426,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">B. sericatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Males of
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDBFFE1D569F2F8FD628CBF" box="[551,687,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanigerus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDBFFE1D569F2F8FD628CBF" box="[551,687,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">B. lanigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
key to couplet 47 (
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDBFFE1D4CFF2F8FB5C8CBF" authority="Hardy" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1937" box="[897,1169,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrifemoratus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDBFFE1D4CFF2F8FB898CBF" box="[897,1092,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">B. nigrifemoratus</emphasis>
Hardy
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDBFFE1D38AF2F8FA588CBF" authority="Hardy" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1937" box="[1220,1429,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognatus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDBFFE1D38AF2F8FA8A8CBE" box="[1220,1351,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">B. cognatus</emphasis>
Hardy
</taxonomicName>
) in
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDBFFE1D7FBF2D4FE9D8CDB" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[181,336,186,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" pagination="367 - 547" refId="ref5516" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1945) Revision of Nearctic Bibionidae, including Neotropical Plecia and Penthetria (Diptera). Kansas University Science Bulletin, 30, 367-547." type="journal article" year="1945">Hardy (1945)</bibRefCitation>
, but these are both western species with which it is unlikely to be confused; the former has been synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDBFFE1D63EF2B0FCFE8CF7" authority="James (Fitzgerald 1997 b)" authorityName="James (Fitzgerald" authorityYear="1997" box="[368,819,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atripilosus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDBFFE1D63EF2B0FDC48CF7" box="[368,521,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">B. atripilosus</emphasis>
James (
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDBFFE1D529F2B0FCE78CF7" author="Fitzgerald, S. J." box="[615,810,223,249]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" pagination="294 - 304" refId="ref5198" refString="Fitzgerald, S. J. (1997 b) Additional notes on Nearctic Bibio Geoffroy (Diptera: Bibionidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 99 (2), 294-304." type="journal article" year="1997">Fitzgerald 1997b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and has very distinctive male terminalia (
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDBFFE1D25BF2B0FF0E8D13" author="Hardy, D. E." pageId="2" pageNumber="147" pagination="179 - 195" refId="ref5605" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1961) The Bibionidae of California. Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 6 (7), 179-195." type="journal article" year="1961">Hardy1961: 185</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="24852A16FFDBFFE1D79CF36CFEE98D13" box="[210,292,259,285]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[151,198,1424,1448]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,181,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[223,1363,181,1400]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 6–8. Bibio longipes Loew, syntype male. 6. Habitus, lateral (insert showing labels affixed to pin). 7. Wing. 8. Head. Scale indicated by bar in each photo. Photos courtesy of Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University; © President and Fellows of Harvard College (https://mcz.harvard.edu/permissions-copyright); no changes made to photos other than cropping." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035650/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">Fig. 6c</figureCitation>
) and males of
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDBFFE1D698F36CFD908D12" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1937" box="[470,605,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognatus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDBFFE1D698F36CFD908D12" box="[470,605,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">B. cognatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have only 3–4 antennal flagellomeres rather than seven in
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDBFFE1D25EF36CFA518D13" box="[1296,1436,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanigerus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDBFFE1D25EF36CFA518D13" box="[1296,1436,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">B. lanigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDBFFE1D7D1F348FEE68D4F" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[159,299,294,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" pagination="367 - 547" refId="ref5516" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1945) Revision of Nearctic Bibionidae, including Neotropical Plecia and Penthetria (Diptera). Kansas University Science Bulletin, 30, 367-547." type="journal article" year="1945">Hardy 1945</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDBFFE1D677F348FEB88D4F" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[313,373,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" pagination="179 - 195" refId="ref5605" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1961) The Bibionidae of California. Bulletin of the California Insect Survey, 6 (7), 179-195." type="journal article" year="1961">1961</bibRefCitation>
). Males also do not key easily beyond couplet
<quantity id="7B469B76FFDBFFE1D4D6F348FC0B8D4F" box="[920,966,295,321]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDBFFE1D49EF348FBA98D4F" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[976,1124,294,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" pagination="5 - 45" refId="ref5550" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1958) Guide to the Insects of Connecticut. Part VI. The Diptera or True Flies of Connecticut. Sixth Fascicle: March Flies and Gall Midges. Family Bibionidae. Bulletin of Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey, 87, 5-45." type="journal article" year="1958">Hardy (1958</bibRefCitation>
; Insects of
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFDBFFE1D3A4F348FABE8D4F" box="[1258,1395,295,321]" country="United States of America" name="Connecticut" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">Connecticut</collectingRegion>
) as the hind basitarsus is only slightly swollen rather than “distinctly enlarged” or “slender.” Females will key to
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDBFFE1D2CAF324FE9B8D87" authority="Hardy" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluginatus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDBFFE1D2CAF324FECA8D87" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">B. fluginatus</emphasis>
Hardy
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDBFFE1D630F300FDD78D87" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[382,538,366,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" pagination="367 - 547" refId="ref5516" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1945) Revision of Nearctic Bibionidae, including Neotropical Plecia and Penthetria (Diptera). Kansas University Science Bulletin, 30, 367-547." type="journal article" year="1945">Hardy (1945)</bibRefCitation>
, but can be distinguished by the longer antennal flagellum; 7-segmented in
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDBFFE1D2CAF300FECC8DA3" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanigerus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDBFFE1D2CAF300FECC8DA3" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">B. lanigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 5-segmented in
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDBFFE1D6A4F3FCFDB48DA3" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1937" box="[490,633,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fluginatus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDBFFE1D6A4F3FCFDB48DA3" box="[490,633,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">B. fluginatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E8C1661BFFDBFFE1D7D9F5DBFD5B8BFE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035644" ID-Zenodo-Dep="15035644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035644/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" startId="2.[151,212,1972,1996]" targetBox="[329,1259,453,1949]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="BC013693FFDBFFE1D7D9F5DBFD5B8BFE" blockId="2.[151,1436,1972,2033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDBFFE1D7D9F5DBFEC08BC2" bold="true" box="[151,269,1972,1996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">FIGS. 1–2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDBFFE1D65BF5DBFDC68BC2" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[277,523,1972,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanigerus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDBFFE1D65BF5DBFE7E8BC2" box="[277,435,1972,1996]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="147">Bibio lanigerus</emphasis>
Meigen
</taxonomicName>
, male. 1. Habitus, in nature, Waltham, MA, USA, May 3, 2017, (c) Even Dankowicz. 2. Habitus, pinned specimen, scale bar = ca. 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="BC013693FFDAFFE0D789F2F8FEB48D6B" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">
Several keys are available to distinguish
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDAFFE0D5D9F2F8FCEC8CBF" box="[663,801,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanigerus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D5D9F2F8FCEC8CBF" box="[663,801,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">B. lanigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other European species (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDAFFE0D3E1F2F8FAE38CBF" author="Duda, O." box="[1199,1326,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref5079" refString="Duda, O. (1930) Bibionidae. In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region. E. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart. pp. 1-75, 2 pls." type="book chapter" year="1930">Duda 1930</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDAFFE0D274F2F8FEFF8CDB" author="Freeman, P. &amp; Lane, R. P." pageId="3" pageNumber="148" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref5438" refString="Freeman, P. &amp; Lane, R. P. (1985) Bibionid and Scatopsid Flies, Diptera: Bibionidae and Scatopsidae. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, 9 (7), 1-74." type="journal article" year="1985">Freeman &amp; Lane 1985</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDAFFE0D671F2D4FE258CDB" author="Skartveit, J." box="[319,488,186,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" pagination="83 - 112" refId="ref6080" refString="Skartveit, J. (1995) Distribution and flight periods of Bibio Geoffroy, 1762 species (Diptera, Bibionidae) in Norway, with a key to the species. Fauna Norvegica, Serie B, 42, 83-112." type="journal article" year="1995">Skartveit 1995</bibRefCitation>
), but it is noteworthy that there has been some confusion between this species and
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDAFFE0D7D9F2B0FEB18CF7" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[151,380,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D7D9F2B0FED78CF7" box="[151,282,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">B. hybridus</emphasis>
Haliday
</taxonomicName>
which was treated as a distinct species by
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDAFFE0D425F2B0FB4D8CF7" author="Freeman, P. &amp; Lane, R. P." box="[875,1152,222,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref5438" refString="Freeman, P. &amp; Lane, R. P. (1985) Bibionid and Scatopsid Flies, Diptera: Bibionidae and Scatopsidae. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, 9 (7), 1-74." type="journal article" year="1985">Freeman &amp; Lane (1985)</bibRefCitation>
based on a difference in pile color. Pile color can be extremely variable in
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDAFFE0D585F36CFCAD8D13" box="[715,864,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D585F36CFCC58D13" box="[715,776,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Bibio</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDAFFE0D421F36CFB608D13" author="Fitzgerald, S. J. &amp; Skartveit, J." box="[879,1197,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" pagination="103 - 119" refId="ref5391" refString="Fitzgerald, S. J. &amp; Skartveit, J. (1997) Holarctic distributions in the genus Bibio (Diptera: Bibionidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 28, 103-119. https://doi.org/10.1163/187631297X00213" type="journal article" year="1997">Fitzgerald &amp; Skartveit 1997</bibRefCitation>
) and is not sufficient evidence by itself for distinguishing a separate species;
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDAFFE0D450F348FC6F8D4F" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[798,930,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D450F348FC6F8D4F" box="[798,930,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">B. hybridus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was treated as synonym of
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDAFFE0D3A5F348FABA8D4F" box="[1259,1399,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanigerus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D3A5F348FABA8D4F" box="[1259,1399,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">B. lanigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDAFFE0D7D9F324FEB88D6B" author="Krivosheina, N. P." box="[151,373,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" pagination="319 - 330" refId="ref5801" refString="Krivosheina, N. P. (1986) Family Bibionidae. In: Soos, A. &amp; Papp, L., Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 4. Sciaridae- Anisopodidae. Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., New York, New York, pp. 319-330." type="book chapter" year="1986">Krivosheina (1986)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F4A46518FFDAFFE0D789F301FD668EA7" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="BC013693FFDAFFE0D789F301FB6D8DFB" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D789F301FEEC8D86" bold="true" box="[199,289,366,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Biology</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDAFFE0D67FF300FE718D87" box="[305,444,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lanigerus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D67FF300FE718D87" box="[305,444,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">B. lanigerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs behaviorally from other
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDAFFE0D463F300FCA78D87" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityYear="1762" box="[813,874,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D463F300FCA78D87" box="[813,874,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Bibio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the
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and
<collectingCountry id="C4A97603FFDAFFE0D362F300FB4D8D87" box="[1068,1152,367,393]" name="Canada" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Canada</collectingCountry>
that have been observed because males usually perch with the wings spread horizontally out from the body (rather than folded over abdomen) when at rest (
<figureCitation id="24852A16FFDAFFE0D67BF3D8FEB58DDF" box="[309,376,439,465]" captionStart="FIGS" captionStartId="2.[151,212,1972,1996]" captionTargetBox="[329,1259,453,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-158@2.[329,1259,453,1949]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGS. 1–2. Bibio lanigerus Meigen, male. 1. Habitus, in nature, Waltham, MA, USA, May 3, 2017, (c) Even Dankowicz. 2. Habitus, pinned specimen, scale bar = ca. 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035644" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035644/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). This has not been noted for the other 18 species of
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDAFFE0D4A9F3D8FBE98DDF" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityYear="1762" box="[999,1060,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D4A9F3D8FBE98DDF" box="[999,1060,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Bibio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the
<collectingCountry id="C4A97603FFDAFFE0D336F3D8FB638DDF" box="[1144,1198,439,465]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">USA</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="C4A97603FFDAFFE0D3A7F3D8FAF08DDF" box="[1257,1341,439,465]" name="Canada" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Canada</collectingCountry>
that are represented by a considerable number of confirmed photographic records on iNaturalist.org.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC013693FFDAFFE0D789F390FD668EA7" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">
Jack Forrester (one of the collectors of the specimens studied here) describes their behavior on multiple occasions as: &quot;hiding presumably under dead leaves when sun is blocked and then suddenly emerging en masse once it comes out again.&quot; This behavior is typical for what has been observed for numerous species of
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDAFFE0D33BF028FB7F8E6F" authorityName="Geoffroy" authorityYear="1762" box="[1141,1202,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D33BF028FB7F8E6F" box="[1141,1202,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Bibio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the western
<collectingCountry id="C4A97603FFDAFFE0D213F028FA548E6F" box="[1373,1433,583,609]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">USA</collectingCountry>
. Timing of
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFDAFFE0D65CF004FE798E8B" box="[274,436,619,645]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
records mirrors the known spring-emergence of this species in Europe (e.g. April–May flight period in
<collectingCountry id="C4A97603FFDAFFE0D608F0E0FE618EA7" box="[326,428,655,681]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Scotland</collectingCountry>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDAFFE0D6F9F0E0FD528EA7" author="Skartveit, J. &amp; Whittington, A. E. &amp; Bland, K. P." box="[439,671,655,681]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" pagination="335 - 364" refId="ref6330" refString="Skartveit, J., Whittington, A. E. &amp; Bland, K. P. (2013) The distribution of Bibionidae (Diptera) in Scotland, United Kingdom. Studia dipterologica, 20 (2), 335-364." type="journal article" year="2013">
Skartveit
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D56DF0E0FD998EA7" box="[547,596,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D7D9F095FE8F8F1B" bold="true" box="[151,322,762,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Bibio velcidus</emphasis>
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(
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)
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D7D9F108FE7A8F8E" bold="true" box="[151,439,870,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Type material examined</emphasis>
.
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<typeStatus id="63058831FFDAFFE0D68BF108FDFB8F8F" box="[453,566,871,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
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:
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:
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,
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,
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</date>
,
<collectorName id="114B5345FFDAFFE0D3A9F108FA498F8F" box="[1255,1412,871,897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">N.K. Bigelow</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFDAFFE0D2C0F108FF158FAB" count="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="DAAFAE56FFDAFFE0D7A8F1E4FEF78FAB" box="[230,314,907,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">BYUC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="0CD63CCEFFDAFFE0D602F1E4FE0D8FC7" collectingDate="1931-05-30" collectionCode="R, BYUC" collectorName="P. Gorham" country="Canada" location="Fredericton" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="New Brunswick" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFDAFFE0D602F1E4FDC88FAB" box="[332,517,907,933]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="B9616048FFDAFFE0D540F1E4FD5F8FAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:34178785FFDAFFE7D7D9F095FDAA8F53:B9616048FFDAFFE0D540F1E4FD5F8FAB" box="[526,658,907,933]" country="Canada" name="Fredericton" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" stateProvince="New Brunswick">Fredericton</location>
,
<date id="C8001053FFDAFFE0D5D2F1E4FCFC8FAB" box="[668,817,907,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" value="1931-05-30">
<collectingDate id="D844E9BBFFDAFFE0D5D2F1E4FCFC8FAB" box="[668,817,907,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" value="1931-05-30">30 May 1931</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="DAAFAE56FFDAFFE0D475F1E4FC9D8FAB" box="[827,848,907,933]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="114B5345FFDAFFE0D41AF1E4FC008FAB" box="[852,973,907,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">P. Gorham</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFDAFFE0D499F1E4FBED8FAB" box="[983,1056,907,933]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="DAAFAE56FFDAFFE0D360F1E4FBB28FAB" box="[1070,1151,907,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">BYUC</collectionCode>
) [see “Comments” below concerning this specimen]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC013693FFDAFFE0D789F1BDFCBC883B" blockId="3.[151,1437,870,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D789F1BDFE3A8FE2" bold="true" box="[199,503,978,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Other material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="0CD63CCEFFDAFFE0D549F1BCFD3F881F" collectingDate="1993-06-25" collectionCode="BYUC" collectorName="Baumann &amp; Kondratieff" country="Canada" county="Sunbury Co." location="Hwy" municipality="Oromocto River" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="New Brunswick">
<collectingCountry id="C4A97603FFDAFFE0D549F1BCFD4E8FE3" box="[519,643,979,1005]" name="Canada" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">CANADA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFDAFFE0D5C1F1BCFC878FE3" box="[655,842,979,1005]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="55604E1FFFDAFFE0D418F1BCFC2A8FE3" box="[854,999,979,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Sunbury Co.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="5C65ACE9FFDAFFE0D4BAF1BCFB638FE3" box="[1012,1198,979,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Oromocto River</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="B9616048FFDAFFE0D3F4F1BCFB3D8FE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:34178785FFDAFFE7D7D9F095FDAA8F53:B9616048FFDAFFE0D3F4F1BCFB3D8FE3" box="[1210,1264,979,1005]" country="Canada" county="Sunbury Co." municipality="Oromocto River" name="Hwy" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" stateProvince="New Brunswick">Hwy</location>
101,
<location id="B9616048FFDAFFE0D27CF1BCFABE8FE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:34178785FFDAFFE7D7D9F095FDAA8F53:B9616048FFDAFFE0D27CF1BCFABE8FE3" box="[1330,1395,979,1005]" country="Canada" county="Sunbury Co." municipality="Oromocto River" name="Tracy" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" stateProvince="New Brunswick">Tracy</location>
,
<date id="C8001053FFDAFFE0D2CEF1BDFEC0881F" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" value="1993-06-25">
<collectingDate id="D844E9BBFFDAFFE0D2CEF1BDFEC0881F" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" value="1993-06-25">25 June 1993</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="114B5345FFDAFFE0D657F198FE49881F" box="[281,388,1015,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Baumann</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="114B5345FFDAFFE0D6E7F198FDE3881F" box="[425,558,1015,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Kondratieff</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFDAFFE0D574F198FD4B881F" box="[570,646,1015,1041]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="DAAFAE56FFDAFFE0D5D8F198FD27881F" box="[662,746,1015,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">BYUC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="0CD63CCEFFDAFFE0D5B0F198FD70883B" collectingDate="1997-06-15" collectionCode="BYUC" collectorName="N Forestville &amp; Baumann &amp; Kondratieff" country="Canada" county="Riviere" location="Hwy" municipality="Pins" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Quebec">
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFDAFFE0D5B0F198FC95881F" box="[766,856,1015,1041]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Quebec</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="55604E1FFFDAFFE0D42DF198FC78881F" box="[867,949,1015,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Riviere</collectingCounty>
aux
<collectingMunicipality id="5C65ACE9FFDAFFE0D4A3F198FBED881F" box="[1005,1056,1015,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Pins</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="B9616048FFDAFFE0D362F198FBAF881F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:34178785FFDAFFE7D7D9F095FDAA8F53:B9616048FFDAFFE0D362F198FBAF881F" box="[1068,1122,1015,1041]" country="Canada" county="Riviere" municipality="Pins" name="Hwy" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" stateProvince="Quebec">Hwy</location>
385,
<collectorName id="114B5345FFDAFFE0D3EDF198FAF7881F" box="[1187,1338,1015,1041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">N Forestville</collectorName>
,
<date id="C8001053FFDAFFE0D20BF199FF1F883B" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" value="1997-06-15">
<collectingDate id="D844E9BBFFDAFFE0D20BF199FF1F883B" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" value="1997-06-15">15 June 1997</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="114B5345FFDAFFE0D793F674FE85883B" box="[221,328,1051,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Baumann</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="114B5345FFDAFFE0D622F674FE3C883B" box="[364,497,1051,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Kondratieff</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFDAFFE0D6B2F674FD9F883B" box="[508,594,1051,1077]" count="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="DAAFAE56FFDAFFE0D52CF674FD78883B" box="[610,693,1051,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">BYUC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="0CD63CCEFFDAFFE0D586F674FCA0883B" box="[712,877,1051,1077]" collectingDate="1997-06-15" collectionCode="SFC" collectorName="N Forestville &amp; Baumann &amp; Kondratieff" country="Canada" county="Riviere" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Hwy" municipality="Pins" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Quebec">
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFDAFFE0D586F674FCD3883B" box="[712,798,1051,1077]" count="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="DAAFAE56FFDAFFE0D460F674FCA8883B" box="[814,869,1051,1077]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/myie-bfyd" name="Laboratory of Fishes" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="">SFC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F4A46518FFDAFFE7D789F651FDAA8F53" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="BC013693FFDAFFE0D789F651FEB68903" blockId="3.[151,1437,870,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D789F651FE858856" bold="true" box="[199,328,1086,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Comments</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDAFFE0D619F650FD8B8857" authority="Hardy" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1937" box="[343,582,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velcidus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D619F650FE358857" box="[343,504,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Bibio velcidus</emphasis>
Hardy
</taxonomicName>
has not been reported in the literature since its original description in 1937 (
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDAFFE0D7D1F60CFEE68873" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[159,299,1123,1149]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" pagination="199 - 213" refId="ref5480" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1937) New Bibionidae (Diptera) from Nearctic America. Proceedings of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, 14, 199-213." type="journal article" year="1937">Hardy 1937</bibRefCitation>
). It was described from two sites in southeastern
<collectingCountry id="C4A97603FFDAFFE0D411F60CFC7A8873" box="[863,951,1123,1149]" name="Canada" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Canada</collectingCountry>
; Low Bush,
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFDAFFE0D306F60CFB538873" box="[1096,1182,1123,1149]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Ontario</collectingRegion>
and Fredericton,
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFDAFFE0D229F60CFEDD88AF" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
with the type locality at Low Bush.
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDAFFE0D5EFF6E8FCF588AF" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[673,824,1159,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" pagination="199 - 213" refId="ref5480" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1937) New Bibionidae (Diptera) from Nearctic America. Proceedings of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, 14, 199-213." type="journal article" year="1937">Hardy (1937)</bibRefCitation>
listed the
<typeStatus id="63058831FFDAFFE0D4E7F6E8FBC688AF" box="[937,1035,1159,1185]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
as being deposited in the CNCI, but it could not be located there (SF pers. comm. with Brad Sinclair,
<date id="C8001053FFDAFFE0D43FF6C4FC3388CB" box="[881,1022,1195,1221]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" value="2023-03">March 2023</date>
). However,
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFDAFFE0D3CAF6C4FA5488CB" box="[1156,1433,1195,1221]" count="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">four paratype specimens</specimenCount>
, including
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFDAFFE0D646F6A0FE7088E7" box="[264,445,1231,1257]" count="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
from the type locality at Low Bush, were found at the BYUC and form the basis of this study of the species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC013693FFDAFFE0D789F778FB3389CF" blockId="3.[151,1437,870,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">
<materialsCitation id="0CD63CCEFFDAFFE0D789F778FB3489CF" collectionCode="SFC" county="The" location="The" municipality="The" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" specimenCount="7" stateProvince="New Brunswick" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCounty id="55604E1FFFDAFFE0D789F778FF3E893F" box="[199,243,1303,1329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">The</collectingCounty>
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFDAFFE0D7B1F778FE68893F" box="[255,421,1303,1329]" count="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">four paratypes</specimenCount>
were found to represent more than one species.
<collectingMunicipality id="5C65ACE9FFDAFFE0D4BFF778FBD0893F" box="[1009,1053,1303,1329]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">The</collectingMunicipality>
specimen from
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFDAFFE0D3ACF778FA51893F" box="[1250,1436,1303,1329]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
represented an undersized (wing length about
<quantity id="7B469B76FFDAFFE0D5E9F755FD23895B" box="[679,750,1338,1365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
), but otherwise typical, specimen of
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDAFFE0D3DBF754FAAA895B" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1848" box="[1173,1383,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vestitus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D3DBF754FAC7895A" box="[1173,1290,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">B. vestitus</emphasis>
Walker
</taxonomicName>
; this specimen differed notably from the remaining
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFDAFFE0D5EEF730FCED8977" box="[672,800,1375,1401]" count="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">3 paratypes</specimenCount>
by the longer fore tibial spur (about 4/5 length of spine), posterior wing veins unpigmented, very long and slender hind basitarsus, and different male terminalia.
<location id="B9616048FFDAFFE0D27CF7ECFA938993" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:34178785FFDAFFE7D7D9F095FDAA8F53:B9616048FFDAFFE0D27CF7ECFA938993" box="[1330,1374,1411,1437]" county="The" municipality="The" name="The" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" stateProvince="New Brunswick">The</location>
male terminalia matched well with a more typically-sized specimen of this species from
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFDAFFE0D377F7C8FB6689CF" box="[1081,1195,1447,1473]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">New York</collectingRegion>
(
<collectionCode id="DAAFAE56FFDAFFE0D3F4F7C8FB3C89CF" box="[1210,1265,1447,1473]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/myie-bfyd" name="Laboratory of Fishes" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="">SFC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC013693FFDAFFE0D789F7A4FF388B0B" blockId="3.[151,1437,870,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">
The remaining
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFDAFFE0D63AF7A4FDAA89EB" box="[372,615,1483,1509]" count="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">3 paratype specimens</specimenCount>
from Low Bush can be characterized as follows: fore tibial spur ranging from a little over 1/2–3/4 the length of the spine, wing length about
<quantity id="7B469B76FFDAFFE0D4DCF781FC258A07" box="[914,1000,1518,1545]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
(n = 3), posterior veins pigmented and distinctly darker than the hyaline membrane, pterostigma pigmented, r-m subequal to slightly shorter than the base of Rs, hind legs with basal 1/3 of hind femur orangish with remainder brown, hind tibia and tarsi brownish with an orange tint (but tibia and tarsi appear paler overall than brown part of femur, especially when backlit), hind basitarsus relatively slender and about 4–4.5x as long as wide, hind tibial spurs apically acute, sensilla on inner surface of hind tibia 33–45 (n = 5 tibiae examined), antennal flagellum apparently with nine segments, mesonotal pile mostly dark with some pale pile more laterally, and male epandrium and gonostylus as in
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDAFFE0D4B8F4A8FB938AEF" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1936" box="[1014,1118,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D4B8F4A8FB938AEF" box="[1014,1118,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">B. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDAFFE0D3D7F4A8FA978AEF" author="Fitzgerald, S. J." box="[1177,1370,1735,1761]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" pagination="294 - 304" refId="ref5198" refString="Fitzgerald, S. J. (1997 b) Additional notes on Nearctic Bibio Geoffroy (Diptera: Bibionidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 99 (2), 294-304." type="journal article" year="1997">Fitzgerald 1997b</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="24852A16FFDAFFE0D22BF4A8FF688B0B" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[151,198,1424,1448]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,181,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[223,1363,181,1400]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 6–8. Bibio longipes Loew, syntype male. 6. Habitus, lateral (insert showing labels affixed to pin). 7. Wing. 8. Head. Scale indicated by bar in each photo. Photos courtesy of Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University; © President and Fellows of Harvard College (https://mcz.harvard.edu/permissions-copyright); no changes made to photos other than cropping." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035650/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="24852A16FFDAFFE0D787F484FF258B0B" box="[201,232,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[151,198,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,417,1647]" captionTargetId="figure-140@7.[203,1385,417,1647]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 9–12. Bibio longipes Loew, syntype female. 9. Habitus, lateral (insert showing labels affixed to pin). 10. Head and mesonotum, dorsal. 11. Wing. 12. Head. Scale indicated by bar in each photo. Photos courtesy of Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University; © President and Fellows of Harvard College (https://mcz.harvard.edu/permissions-copyright); no changes made to photos other than cropping." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035654/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC013693FFDAFFE7D789F560FB4D8D87" blockId="3.[151,1437,870,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,861]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">
No structural differences could be found to distinguish the Low Bush specimens from the western species
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDAFFE0D7D9F55CFE838B43" authority="James" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,334,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D7D9F55CFECC8B43" box="[151,257,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">B. similis</emphasis>
James
</taxonomicName>
with the exception that the
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFDAFFE0D5DFF55CFD108B43" box="[657,733,1843,1869]" count="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" type="male">3 male</specimenCount>
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDAFFE0D5A9F55CFC9C8B43" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1936" box="[743,849,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D5A9F55CFC9C8B43" box="[743,849,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">B. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
available for direct comparison (Colorado &amp; Utah; SFC) were larger in size (wing length
<quantity id="7B469B76FFDAFFE0D51DF538FD798B7F" box="[595,692,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
) and the Low Bush specimens all have the basal 1/3 of the hind femur orange (
<figureCitation id="24852A16FFDAFFE0D670F514FE4D8B9B" box="[318,384,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[151,198,1983,2007]" captionTargetBox="[353,1234,885,1960]" captionTargetId="figure-376@4.[353,1234,885,1960]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 3. Bibio velcidus Hardy, paratype male (Low Bush, Ontario), habitus. Scale bar = ca. 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035646/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) while this was not true of the
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDAFFE0D5AEF514FC848B9B" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1936" box="[736,841,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D5AEF514FC848B9B" box="[736,841,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">B. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens studied. Aside from these two characters, the Low Bush specimens fit well with the characterization of
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDAFFE0D41BF5F0FC728BB7" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1936" box="[853,959,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE0D41BF5F0FC728BB7" box="[853,959,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">B. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provided by
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDAFFE0D316F5F0FAE78BB7" author="Fitzgerald, S. J." box="[1112,1322,1951,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" pagination="294 - 304" refId="ref5198" refString="Fitzgerald, S. J. (1997 b) Additional notes on Nearctic Bibio Geoffroy (Diptera: Bibionidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 99 (2), 294-304." type="journal article" year="1997">Fitzgerald (1997b)</bibRefCitation>
including the structure of the epandrium and gonostylus of the male terminalia which had not been previously studied in
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDAFFE7D2CAF5ACFF3E8CBF" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="149" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="148" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velcidus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDAFFE7D2CAF5ACFF3E8CBF" italics="true" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="3" pageNumber="148">B. velcidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; illustrations of
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDDFFE7D6FFF2F8FDD68CBF" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1936" box="[433,539,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDDFFE7D6FFF2F8FDD68CBF" box="[433,539,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">B. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
terminalia can be found in
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDDFFE7D414F2F8FBEA8CBF" author="Fitzgerald, S. J." box="[858,1063,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" pagination="294 - 304" refId="ref5198" refString="Fitzgerald, S. J. (1997 b) Additional notes on Nearctic Bibio Geoffroy (Diptera: Bibionidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 99 (2), 294-304." type="journal article" year="1997">Fitzgerald (1997b</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="24852A16FFDDFFE7D37AF2F8FB4F8CBF" box="[1076,1154,151,177]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[151,198,1424,1448]" captionTargetBox="[223,1363,181,1400]" captionTargetId="figure-21@6.[223,1363,181,1400]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 6–8. Bibio longipes Loew, syntype male. 6. Habitus, lateral (insert showing labels affixed to pin). 7. Wing. 8. Head. Scale indicated by bar in each photo. Photos courtesy of Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University; © President and Fellows of Harvard College (https://mcz.harvard.edu/permissions-copyright); no changes made to photos other than cropping." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035650" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035650/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Figs. 7</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="24852A16FFDDFFE7D3E4F2F8FB048CBF" box="[1194,1225,151,177]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[151,198,1670,1694]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,417,1647]" captionTargetId="figure-140@7.[203,1385,417,1647]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 9–12. Bibio longipes Loew, syntype female. 9. Habitus, lateral (insert showing labels affixed to pin). 10. Head and mesonotum, dorsal. 11. Wing. 12. Head. Scale indicated by bar in each photo. Photos courtesy of Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University; © President and Fellows of Harvard College (https://mcz.harvard.edu/permissions-copyright); no changes made to photos other than cropping." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15035654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/15035654/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">10</figureCitation>
). Seven additional specimens from two other sites in southeastern
<collectingCountry id="C4A97603FFDDFFE7D5E6F2D4FD318CDB" box="[680,764,187,213]" name="Canada" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Canada</collectingCountry>
(listed under “Other material examined” above) were found to be conspecific with the Low Bush
<typeStatus id="63058831FFDDFFE7D575F2B0FD678CF7" box="[571,682,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
. Intraspecific variation in this additional material included the hind tibia of
<specimenCount id="AAB8FD1AFFDDFFE7D7A0F36CFE4A8D13" box="[238,391,259,285]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
being nearly orange (lacking brown tint) and wing length from about
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in length (both slightly smaller and larger than specimens from the type series). In summary, the primary difference between the
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDDFFE7D7D9F324FEDE8D6B" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,275,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velcidus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDDFFE7D7D9F324FEDE8D6B" box="[151,275,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">B. velcidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens and the
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDDFFE7D6BCF324FD968D6B" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1936" box="[498,603,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDDFFE7D6BCF324FD968D6B" box="[498,603,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">B. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens available for study were the wing length (
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vs
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respectively) and that
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDDFFE7D6C1F300FDC78D87" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1937" box="[399,522,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velcidus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDDFFE7D6C1F300FDC78D87" box="[399,522,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">B. velcidus</emphasis>
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consistently had the basal 1/3 of the hind femur orange.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC013693FFDDFFE7D789F3FCFDAA8F53" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">
Whether these differences are meaningful with respect to species boundaries remains an open question. Neither
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDDFFE7D7D9F3D8FED98DDF" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,276,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velcidus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDDFFE7D7D9F3D8FED98DDF" box="[151,276,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">B. velcidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nor
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDDFFE7D605F3D8FE788DDF" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1936" box="[331,437,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDDFFE7D605F3D8FE788DDF" box="[331,437,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">B. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are commonly collected and the intraspecific variation of both the wing length and leg color remain understudied. The wing length difference seems weak evidence when considering that commonly collected and studied species such as
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDDFFE7D570F390FCCE8E17" authority="Say" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[574,771,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipennis">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDDFFE7D570F390FD1F8E17" box="[574,722,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">B. albipennis</emphasis>
Say
</taxonomicName>
can have wing length variation from
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in length, yet average size is often useful in helping to recognize many species. Leg coloration is known to be variable in many
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDDFFE7D7AEF028FEB18E6F" box="[224,380,583,609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDDFFE7D7AEF028FED08E6F" box="[224,285,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Bibio</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, but
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDDFFE7D6F7F028FDF58E6F" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1937" box="[441,568,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velcidus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDDFFE7D6F7F028FDF58E6F" box="[441,568,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">B. velcidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens consistently had the basal 1/3 of the hind femur orangish with remainder brown while the intraspecific variation of the leg color of
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDDFFE7D4DEF004FC358E8B" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1936" box="[912,1016,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDDFFE7D4DEF004FC358E8B" box="[912,1016,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">B. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
discussed by
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does not mention this aspect, only stating that “legs range in color from black to dark brown to the femora blackish and the tibia and tarsi brown orange.” At present,
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDDFFE7D5DCF0DCFD378EC3" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1936" box="[658,762,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDDFFE7D5DCF0DCFD378EC3" box="[658,762,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">B. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDDFFE7D47EF0DCFC678EC3" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1937" box="[816,938,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velcidus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDDFFE7D47EF0DCFC678EC3" box="[816,938,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">B. velcidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also appear to be allopatric; specimens of
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDDFFE7D2CAF0DCFF2D8EFF" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDDFFE7D2CAF0DCFF2D8EFF" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">B. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reported as far east as western
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFDDFFE7D50EF0B8FD178EFF" box="[576,730,727,753]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D82F4B62FFDDFFE7D5A6F0B8FC678EFF" author="Fitzgerald, S. J." box="[744,938,727,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" pagination="294 - 304" refId="ref5198" refString="Fitzgerald, S. J. (1997 b) Additional notes on Nearctic Bibio Geoffroy (Diptera: Bibionidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 99 (2), 294-304." type="journal article" year="1997">Fitzgerald 1997b</bibRefCitation>
) and specimens of
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDDFFE7D3CDF0B8FB328EFF" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1937" box="[1155,1279,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velcidus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDDFFE7D3CDF0B8FB328EFF" box="[1155,1279,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">B. velcidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as far west as eastern
<collectingRegion id="7E7AF871FFDDFFE7D7A0F094FE8A8F1B" box="[238,327,763,789]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">Ontario</collectingRegion>
. Whether they are truly allopatric or if this is just a function of collecting remains unclear. Further study seems warranted before the status of
<taxonomicName id="7BBE4D10FFDDFFE7D5CDF170FCCD8F37" authorityName="Hardy" authorityYear="1937" box="[643,768,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="149" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velcidus">
<emphasis id="8ECAEA81FFDDFFE7D5CDF170FCCD8F37" box="[643,768,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="149">B. velcidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be further addressed, but it is best treated as a distinct taxon until more data suggests otherwise.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="FB85EAC4FFC7FFAAFF15FE9950DAAA0F" bold="true" box="[151,658,294,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
<taxonomicName id="0EF14D55FFC7FFAAFF15FE99506FAA0F" authority="Li &amp; Wu" authorityName="Li &amp; Wang &amp; Wu" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,551,294,321]" class="Insecta" family="Asterolecaniidae" genus="Pauroaspis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chuanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FB85EAC4FFC7FFAAFF15FE9953E7AA0F" bold="true" box="[151,431,294,321]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Pauroaspis chuanensis</emphasis>
Li &amp; Wu
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E0B657BFFFC7FFAAFDB6FE9950DAAA0F" box="[564,658,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="81EB655DFFC7FFAAFF15FED35163A958" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C94E36D6FFC7FFAAFF15FED35705AA80" blockId="2.[151,1436,365,535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="FB85EAC4FFC7FFAAFF15FED35337AAC9" bold="true" box="[151,383,365,391]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="79993C8BFFC7FFAAFE06FED05705AA80" collectingDate="2024-11-06" collectionCode="BFUC" collectorName="Yizhe Wang. Mounted &amp; The" country="China" county="Changning County" elevation="311" latitude="28.4975" location="Yibin City" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="104.9248" municipality="Adult" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-adult="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Sichuan" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="FB85EAC4FFC7FFAAFE06FED053B0AAC6" bold="true" box="[388,504,366,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
<typeStatus id="164A8874FFC7FFAAFE06FED053BBAAC6" box="[388,499,366,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="292AACACFFC7FFAAFE7CFED05076AAC6" box="[510,574,366,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Adult</collectingMunicipality>
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,
<collectingCountry id="B1E67646FFC7FFAAFDE6FED05089AAC6" box="[612,705,366,392]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">CHINA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="0B35F834FFC7FFAAFD48FED051D8AAC6" box="[714,912,366,392]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Sichuan Province</collectingRegion>
, /
<location id="CC2E600DFFC7FFAAFC24FED05652AAC6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:415887C0FFC7FFAAFF15FE995163A958:CC2E600DFFC7FFAAFC24FED05652AAC6" box="[934,1050,366,392]" country="China" county="Changning County" latitude="28.4975" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="104.9248" municipality="Adult" name="Yibin City" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" stateProvince="Sichuan">Yibin City</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="202F4E5AFFC7FFAAFBA6FED056B1AAC6" box="[1060,1273,366,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Changning County</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="CC2E600DFFC7FFAAFA80FED057D0AAC6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:415887C0FFC7FFAAFF15FE995163A958:CC2E600DFFC7FFAAFA80FED057D0AAC6" box="[1282,1432,366,392]" country="China" county="Changning County" latitude="28.4975" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="104.9248" municipality="Adult" name="Zhuhai Town" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" stateProvince="Sichuan">Zhuhai Town</location>
, /
<geoCoordinate id="ACC55011FFC7FFAAFF24FE2F5357AAE2" box="[166,287,401,428]" degrees="28.4975" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" precision="5" value="28.4975">28.4975 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="ACC55011FFC7FFAAFEA8FE2F53E5AAE2" box="[298,429,401,428]" degrees="104.9248" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" precision="5" value="104.9248">104.9248 E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="0E099B33FFC7FFAAFE3BFE2F5049AAE2" box="[441,513,401,428]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.11" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="311.0">
<elevation id="42DCD1E5FFC7FFAAFE3BFE2F5049AAE2" box="[441,513,401,428]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.11" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="311.0">311 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, / on bamboo, /
<date id="BD4F1016FFC7FFAAFD34FE2F51CBAAE5" box="[694,899,401,427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" value="2024-11-06">
<collectingDate id="AD0BE9FEFFC7FFAAFD34FE2F51CBAAE5" box="[694,899,401,427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" value="2024-11-06">6 November 2024</collectingDate>
</date>
, / coll.
<collectorName id="64045300FFC7FFAAFC51FE2F5687AAE5" box="[979,1231,401,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">Yizhe Wang. Mounted</collectorName>
with other
<specimenCount id="DFF7FD5FFFC7FFAAFACDFE2F57D4AAE5" box="[1359,1436,401,427]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="adult">2 adult</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="DFF7FD5FFFC7FFAAFF15FE0B5289AA81" box="[151,193,437,463]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
together on 1 slide (
<collectionCode id="AFE0AE13FFC7FFAAFE25FE0B53BEAA81" box="[423,502,437,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">BFUC</collectionCode>
).
<collectorName id="64045300FFC7FFAAFD8AFE0A507CAA80" box="[520,564,436,462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">The</collectorName>
<typeStatus id="164A8874FFC7FFAAFDB9FE0A50D5AA80" box="[571,669,436,462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
specimen is marked with a black circle in permanent marker.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C94E36D6FFC7FFAAFF45FE665163A958" blockId="2.[151,1436,365,535]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
<materialsCitation id="79993C8BFFC7FFAAFF45FE66516FA958" collectingDate="2024-11-06" collectionCode="BFUC" collectorName="Yizhe Wang. Mounted &amp; The" country="China" county="Changning County" elevation="311" latitude="28.4975" location="Yibin City" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="104.9248" municipality="Adult" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="11" stateProvince="Sichuan" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="FB85EAC4FFC7FFAAFF45FE665300AABC" bold="true" box="[199,328,472,498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">
<typeStatus id="164A8874FFC7FFAAFF45FE66530BAABC" box="[199,323,472,498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Same data as holotype,
<specimenCount id="DFF7FD5FFFC7FFAAFDD9FE6650D3AABD" box="[603,667,472,499]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
mounted together with
<typeStatus id="164A8874FFC7FFAAFC2BFE665643AABC" box="[937,1035,472,498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
on 1 slide;
<specimenCount id="DFF7FD5FFFC7FFAAFB12FE665687AABD" box="[1168,1231,472,499]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
mounted together on 1 slide; and
<specimenCount id="DFF7FD5FFFC7FFAAFEC0FE4353C9A959" box="[322,385,509,535]" count="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="187" type="female">7 ♀♀</specimenCount>
mounted together on 1 slide (
<collectionCode id="AFE0AE13FFC7FFAAFD52FE425157A958" box="[720,799,508,534]" pageId="2" pageNumber="187">BFUC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

315
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<mods:title id="869220F3EEE69F643B1344F46B69073A">Three new species of Rhynchonema (Monhysterida: Xyalidae) from the Brazilian continental shelf, Potiguar Basin</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="A62E836214BCC4D84E655F1D0D188A32">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s / n, Departamento Zoologia, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50670 - 901. Brazil &amp; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s / n, Departamento Zoologia, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50670 - 901. Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="110F811EB551675CFBA394E8F96097CE" type="email">andresteves.ufpe@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<heading id="B958F35AB30446019BBDDEC82057FF70" bold="true" box="[151,543,223,250]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" reason="1">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30446019BBDDEC82057FF70" bold="true" box="[151,543,223,250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30446019BBDDEC823F3FF73" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,443,223,250]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laminam" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30446019BBDDEC823F3FF73" bold="true" box="[151,443,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Rhynchonema laminam</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB30446019AEBDEC82057FF70" box="[449,543,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="AAB517BDB30446019BBDDF1423C7FE94" box="[151,399,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="description">
<paragraph id="E2104436B30446019BBDDF1423C7FE94" blockId="3.[151,543,223,285]" box="[151,399,259,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
(
<figureCitation id="7A9458B3B30446019BB5DF14236FFE94" box="[159,295,259,285]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1818,1842]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1835,1859]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1232,1256]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1846,1870]" captionTargetBox-0="[294,1282,181,1794]" captionTargetBox-1="[192,1395,181,1811]" captionTargetBox-2="[226,1357,189,1203]" captionTargetBox-3="[189,1399,181,1821]" captionTargetId-0="figure-21@4.[293,1295,181,1794]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@5.[192,1395,181,1811]" captionTargetId-2="figure-21@6.[218,1370,181,1208]" captionTargetId-3="figure-21@8.[189,1399,181,1821]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Rhynchonema laminam sp. nov. holotype male (MOUFPE 0032): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (buccal cavity, amphideal plate, amphideal fovea, anterior annules and vacuoles), (C) spicules and gubernaculum, (D) posterior region (tail, cuticle, precloacal supplements and caudal glands)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Rhynchonema laminam sp. nov. holotype male (MOUFPE 0032): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (amphideal plate and amphideal fovea), (C) anterior region, (D) posterior end: arrow indicating the spicules and gubernaculum, (E) posterior end: arrow indicating the precloacal supplements, (F) posterior region (tail and cuticle)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Rhynchonema laminam sp. nov. paratype female (MOUFPE 0033): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (amphideal plate, amphideal fovea and buccal cavity), (C) posterior region (tail)." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Rhynchonema laminam sp. nov. paratype female (MOUFPE 0033): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (amphideal plate and amphideal fovea), (C) posterior region (tail and cuticle)." pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Figures 1–4</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="AF2D718DB30446019A19DF1423CCFE94" box="[307,388,259,285]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[152,244,296,320]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data of Rhynchonema laminam sp. nov. The measurements are expressed in micrometers, or if noted, as a percentage or ratio. Not applicable (*); not available for measurement (-); a, b, c, c’ = de Man’s ratios (1880). Female paratype MOUFPE 0033 (+)." pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAB517BDB30446019BBDDF5C2653FD90" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E2104436B30446019BBDDF5C2173FEEC" blockId="3.[151,1437,331,1834]" box="[151,827,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30446019BBDDF5C232DFEEC" bold="true" box="[151,357,331,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Material studied.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="F4A98FBFB30446019A41DF5C2394FEEC" box="[363,476,331,357]" count="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="male">Six males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="F4A98FBFB30446019ACDDF5C20C9FEEC" box="[487,641,331,357]" count="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
. Glycerin slides.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2104436B30446019BEDDF782642FE27" blockId="3.[151,1437,331,1834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30446019BEDDF782326FE00" bold="true" box="[199,366,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Type material</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="52C74E6BB30446019A57DF782642FE27" collectionCode="MOUFPE" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" specimenCode="MOUFPE 0032, MOUFPE 0033" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="5" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="3D14FA94B30446019A57DF7823ADFE00" box="[381,485,367,393]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male (
<specimenCode id="B209EC4DB30446019918DF7820A1FE00" box="[562,745,367,393]" collectionCode="MOUFPE" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x21b-a7z4" name="Oceanographic Museum of the Federal University of Pernambuco" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="">MOUFPE 0032</specimenCode>
),
<typeStatus id="3D14FA94B304460199D6DF672114FE03" box="[764,860,368,394]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female (
<specimenCode id="B209EC4DB30446019895DF78263EFE00" box="[959,1142,367,393]" collectionCode="MOUFPE" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x21b-a7z4" name="Oceanographic Museum of the Federal University of Pernambuco" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="">MOUFPE 0033</specimenCode>
), other
<typeStatus id="3D14FA94B30446019FE1DF672773FE03" box="[1227,1339,368,394]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="F4A98FBFB30446019E6FDF7827D4FE00" box="[1349,1436,367,394]" count="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
(NM LMZOO-UFPE 504–508) and
<specimenCount id="F4A98FBFB30446019905DF8420D3FE24" box="[559,667,403,429]" count="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(NM LMZOO-UFPE 509–510).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2104436B30446019BEDDFA02653FD90" blockId="3.[151,1437,331,1834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30446019BEDDFA02329FE58" bold="true" box="[199,353,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Type locality</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="52C74E6BB30446019A5BDFA02653FD90" country="Brazil" county="In" elevation="8" latitude="-5.0263333" location="Potiguar Basin" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-36.336445" municipality="Northeast region" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="3D14FA94B30446019A5BDFA02391FE58" box="[369,473,439,465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male and
<typeStatus id="3D14FA94B3044601997BDFAF20F9FE5B" box="[593,689,440,466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female:
<geoCoordinate id="879B22F1B3044601983DDFA021EBFE5B" box="[791,931,439,466]" degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" precision="1" seconds="34.8" value="-5.0263333">5º01’34.8”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="879B22F1B3044601989ADFA02619FE58" box="[944,1105,439,465]" degrees="36" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" precision="1" seconds="11.2" value="-36.336445">36º20’11.2”W</geoCoordinate>
(
<elevation id="6982A305B30446019F48DFA02692FE58" box="[1122,1242,439,466]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" unit="m" value="8.0">
<quantity id="2557E9D3B30446019F48DFA026C7FE5B" box="[1122,1167,439,466]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
).
<location id="E77012EDB30446019FC4DFA027D0FE58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A06F520B30446059BBDDEC820C5FF70:E77012EDB30446019FC4DFA027D0FE58" box="[1262,1432,439,465]" country="Brazil" county="In" latitude="-5.0263333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-36.336445" municipality="Northeast region" name="Potiguar Basin" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte">Potiguar Basin</location>
, located along the coast of the state of
<collectingRegion id="206B8AD4B30446019973DFCC2106FE7F" box="[601,846,475,502]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Rio Grande do Norte</collectingRegion>
and the extreme west of the state of
<collectingRegion id="206B8AD4B30446019E2DDFCC2703FE7C" box="[1287,1355,475,501]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Ceará</collectingRegion>
, in the
<collectingMunicipality id="0274DE4CB30446019BBDDFE8231BFD90" box="[151,339,511,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Northeast region</collectingMunicipality>
of
<collectingCountry id="9AB804A6B30446019A52DFE82388FD90" box="[376,448,511,537]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Collected in 2013.
<collectingCounty id="0B713CBAB304460199B5DC1720FEFD93" box="[671,694,512,538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">In</collectingCounty>
sediments from rhodolith beds.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAB517BDB30446019BEDDC34207FFDE8" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E2104436B30446019BEDDC34207FFDE8" blockId="3.[151,1437,331,1834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30446019BEDDC342306FDB4" bold="true" box="[199,334,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B3044601991EDC3420E8FDB4" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[564,672,547,573]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laminam">
‘
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30446019914DC3420E8FDB4" box="[574,672,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">laminam</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ is given to the species due to the presence of a large amphideal plate where its amphideal fovea is located.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAB517BDB30446019BEDDC7C2659F980" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="description">
<paragraph id="E2104436B30446019BEDDC7C271BFB63" blockId="3.[151,1437,331,1834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30446019BEDDC7C238CFD0C" bold="true" box="[199,452,619,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Description. (Males).</emphasis>
Body cylindrical 554–637 μm long. Maximum body diameter corresponding to 5–8 times the head diameter. Cuticle strongly annulated (making it difficult to visualize some internal structures). The annules are larger after the amphideal fovea, where vacuoles can be observed. Inversion of the cuticle annules in relation to its direction. From the cephalic region to the end of the intestine the annules are directed to the anterior part of the body, from the end of the intestine to the tip of the tail the annules are oriented towards the back region of the body.Arrangement of anterior sensilla not observed (probably lost during sample processing). Somatic setae long and fine, present along the entire body length. Amphideal fovea oval and elongated, accommodated on amphideal plate, occupying 100% of corresponding body diameter, located 41–52 μm from the anterior end and presenting 29–32 anterior cuticular annules. Buccal cavity 51–57 μm long, elongated and narrow. The buccal cavity end is in the central region of the amphideal fovea. Nerve ring and secretory-excretory pore not observed (the same condition was observed in all analyzed specimens). Pharynx (165–186 μm long) without terminal bulb. Small cardia surrounded by the anterior portion of the intestine. Reproductive system with two anterior and extended testes, located to the left of the intestine. Spicules symmetrical, 11–14 μm long (1 time the cloacal body diameter), with proximal region slightly curved and cephalized, difficult to see (spicules appear poorly sclerotized and the thick cuticle increases the difficulty of visualization, the same condition was observed in all analyzed specimens). Gubernaculum occupying 23–54% of spicules length, with a dorsal apophysis 4–6 μm long and pointed projection in its proximal portion facing the anterior region of the body. Two small precloacal papilliform supplements, that are difficult to visualize. Tail conical, about 4–4.6 times the cloacal body diameter. Three caudal glands present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2104436B30446019BEDDAE42659F980" blockId="3.[151,1437,331,1834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30446019BEDDAE4238CFA84" bold="true" box="[199,452,1267,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<typeStatus id="3D14FA94B30446019BEDDAE42377FA84" box="[199,319,1267,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(Females).
</emphasis>
Similar to males. Body measuring 486–703 μm in length and maximum diameter of 15–20 μm. Sexual dimorphism of the amphideal fovea shape and size present. Females with circular amphideal fovea, accommodated on an elongated amphideal plate (8–10 μm long), occupying 50–60% of corresponding body diameter, located at the end of pharyngostome, 34–59 μm (11–15 times head diameter) from anterior end. Cuticle has 28–32 annules anterior to the amphideal fovea. Buccal cavity similar to that of males (39–60 μm long). Nerve ring and secretory-excretory pore not observed. Reproductive system monodelphic prodelphic, with the ovary extended to the left of the intestine. Vulva located posterior to the middle region of the body at 349–499 μm from anterior end (71–76% of body length). Tail conical, about 3.8–5.3 times anal body diameter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAB517BDB30446059BEDD80420C5FF70" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="292" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E2104436B30446019BEDD80421FAF8A0" blockId="3.[151,1437,331,1834]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30446019BEDD804230AF9A4" bold="true" box="[199,322,1555,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30446019A61D804201EF9A4" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[331,598,1555,1581]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laminam" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30446019A61D804201EF9A4" box="[331,598,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Rhynchonema laminam</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B3044601994AD80420FBF9A4" bold="true" box="[608,691,1555,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB3044601994AD80420FBF9A4" box="[608,691,1555,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is characterized by an annulated cuticle with vacuoles and long somatic setae throughout the body, without distribution pattern. 23–32 annules anterior to the amphideal fovea. Sexual dimorphism in relation to the shape, oval, very elongated and large big amphideal fovea in males, occupying 100% of the corresponding diameter; circular and smaller in females, occupying 50–60% of the corresponding body diameter. Both sexes present an elongated amphideal plate (11–16 μm long in males and 8–10 μm in females). Spicules poorly sclerotized (1 time cloacal body diameter), with proximal region slightly curved and cephalized. Gubernaculum with dorsal apophysis and anteriorly pointed projection. Two very small papilliform precloacal supplements. Tail conical, 3.8–5.3 times cloacal or anal body diameter.
</paragraph>
<caption id="B6D014BEB30346069BBDD90D20E8F8F3" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" startId="4.[151,250,1818,1842]" targetBox="[294,1282,181,1794]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="E2104436B30346069BBDD90D20E8F8F3" blockId="4.[151,1436,1818,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30346069BBDD90D235BF8BB" bold="true" box="[151,275,1818,1842]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30346069A32D90D204FF8BB" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[280,519,1818,1842]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laminam" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30346069A32D90D204FF8BB" box="[280,519,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">Rhynchonema laminam</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30346069926D90C2014F8BA" bold="true" box="[524,604,1819,1843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB30346069926D90C2014F8BA" box="[524,604,1819,1843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="289" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
holotype male (MOUFPE 0032): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (buccal cavity, amphideal plate, amphideal fovea, anterior annules and vacuoles), (C) spicules and gubernaculum, (D) posterior region (tail, cuticle, precloacal supplements and caudal glands).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B6D014BEB30246079BBDD93C2647F802" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" startId="5.[151,250,1835,1859]" targetBox="[192,1395,181,1811]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="E2104436B30246079BBDD93C2647F802" blockId="5.[151,1436,1835,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30246079BBDD93C235DF8CA" bold="true" box="[151,277,1835,1859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30246079A37D93C2045F8CA" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[285,525,1835,1859]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laminam" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30246079A37D93C2045F8CA" box="[285,525,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">Rhynchonema laminam</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B3024607993FD93C202FF8CA" bold="true" box="[533,615,1835,1859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB3024607993FD93C202FF8CA" box="[533,615,1835,1859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="290" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
holotype male (MOUFPE 0032): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (amphideal plate and amphideal fovea), (C) anterior region, (D) posterior end: arrow indicating the spicules and gubernaculum, (E) posterior end: arrow indicating the precloacal supplements, (F) posterior region (tail and cuticle).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B6D014BEB30146049BBDDAC7211AFA85" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" startId="6.[151,250,1232,1256]" targetBox="[226,1357,189,1203]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="E2104436B30146049BBDDAC7211AFA85" blockId="6.[151,1436,1232,1292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30146049BBDDAC7235BFB61" bold="true" box="[151,275,1232,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30146049A30DAC72042FB61" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[282,522,1232,1256]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laminam" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30146049A30DAC72042FB61" box="[282,522,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">Rhynchonema laminam</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B3014604993ADAC72029FB61" bold="true" box="[528,609,1232,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB3014604993ADAC72029FB61" box="[528,609,1232,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
paratype female (MOUFPE 0033): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (amphideal plate, amphideal fovea and buccal cavity), (C) posterior region (tail).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E2104436B30146049BEDDB4921DEF8A1" blockId="6.[151,1437,1374,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30146049BEDDB492398FAF1" bold="true" box="[199,464,1374,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30146049AF3DB4920ABFAF1" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[473,739,1374,1400]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laminam" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30146049AF3DB4920ABFAF1" box="[473,739,1374,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">Rhynchonema laminam</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B301460499C6DB482100FAF0" bold="true" box="[748,840,1375,1401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB301460499C6DB482100FAF0" box="[748,840,1375,1401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is differentiated from other species of the genus by a combination of characteristics: presence of the amphideal plate, sexual dimorphism in the morphology and size of the amphideal fovea, presence of cuticle vacuoles, spicules and gubernaculum shape and papilliform precloacal supplements. The species that most resembles
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B3014604999CDBDD2189FA6D" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[694,961,1482,1508]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laminam" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B3014604999CDBDD2189FA6D" box="[694,961,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">Rhynchonema laminam</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B301460498E6DBDC2661FA6C" bold="true" box="[972,1065,1483,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB301460498E6DBDC2661FA6C" box="[972,1065,1483,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30146049F7BDBDD2700FA6D" authorityName="Nicholas &amp; Stewart" authorityYear="1995" box="[1105,1352,1482,1508]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="collare">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30146049F7BDBDD2700FA6D" box="[1105,1352,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">Rhynchonema collare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in the presence of the amphideal plate (described by
<bibRefCitation id="863E39C7B3014604999DDBF92195F980" author="Nicholas, W. L. &amp; Stewart, A. C." box="[695,989,1518,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" pagination="47 - 66" refId="ref10259" refString="Nicholas, W. L. &amp; Stewart, A. C. (1995) New genera, species and new subfamily of Xyalidae (Nematoda: Monhysterida) from ocean beaches in Australia and Thailand. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 119, 47-66." type="journal article" year="1995">Nicholas &amp; Stewart 1995</bibRefCitation>
as “amphids separated by strong nonannulated cuticle”), amphideal fovea strongly dimorphic (longitudinally oval and occupying practically the entire corresponding body diameter in males, and much more smaller and circular in females), in addition to long somatic setae distributed throughout the body. However,
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B301460499E8D84C2179F9FD" authorityName="Nicholas &amp; Stewart" authorityYear="1995" box="[706,817,1626,1652]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="collare">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B301460499E8D84C2179F9FD" box="[706,817,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">R. collare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents asymmetrical spicules (morphology different from each other), while in the new species they are symmetrical. Furthermore, the gubernaculum is also different, in
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30146049B9CD8B4236DF935" authorityName="Nicholas &amp; Stewart" authorityYear="1995" box="[182,293,1698,1724]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="collare">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30146049B9CD8B4236DF935" box="[182,293,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">R. collare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it presents a strong dorsocaudal apophysis (
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30146049808D8B42108F935" box="[802,832,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">vs.</emphasis>
in
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30146049842D8B421A3F935" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[872,1003,1698,1724]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laminam" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30146049842D8B421A3F935" box="[872,1003,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">R. laminam</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B301460498D9D8B4261EF934" bold="true" box="[1011,1110,1699,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB301460498D9D8B42618F934" box="[1011,1104,1699,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
gubernaculum with a dorsal apophysis with a pointed projection in its proximal portion facing the anterior region of the body). Additionally, the presence of vacuoles in the cuticle, as well as precloacal supplements were not mentioned in the description of
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30146049EAED8FC22ADF8A1" authorityName="Nicholas &amp; Stewart" authorityYear="1995" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="collare">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30146049EAED8FC22ADF8A1" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">R. collare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, both characteristics are present in the new species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2104436B30146059BEDD92520C5FF70" blockId="6.[151,1437,1374,2013]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="292" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">
The presence of amphideal plate is also observed in
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B3014604981CD9252611F8C5" authorityName="Vitiello" authorityYear="1967" box="[822,1113,1842,1868]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="deconincki">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B3014604981CD9252611F8C5" box="[822,1113,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">Rhynchonema deconincki</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30146049F41D9252721F8C5" box="[1131,1385,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">Rhynchonema quemer</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30146049BBDD94123E9F8F9" box="[151,417,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">Rhynchonema scutatum</emphasis>
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. Nevertheless,
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<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30146049967D9402088F8F9" box="[589,704,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">R. quemer</emphasis>
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and
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B301460499DFD94021C5F8F9" authorityName="Vitiello" authorityYear="1967" box="[757,909,1878,1904]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="deconincki">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B301460499DFD94021C5F8F9" box="[757,909,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">R. deconincki</emphasis>
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, differ from the new species by the presence of a spiral structure in their amphideal fovea, and
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has a circular amphideal fovea in both sexes, although it is larger in the males, as in the new species
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30146049959D98820B4F831" box="[627,764,1950,1977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">
(
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30146049956D98820B4F831" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[636,764,1950,1977]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="laminam" status="sp. nov.">R. laminam</taxonomicName>
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has an oval elongated amphideal fovea in males and circular in females).Additionally, all have symmetry in their spicules, but
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B301460498E6D9D42676F855" authorityName="Boucher" authorityYear="1974" box="[972,1086,1987,2012]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="6" pageNumber="291" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="quemer">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B301460498E6D9D42676F855" box="[972,1086,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="291">R. quemer</emphasis>
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does not have a gubernaculum,
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30046059BBDDE80237AFF38" authorityName="Vitiello" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,306,151,177]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="7" pageNumber="292" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="deconincki">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30046059BBDDE80237AFF38" box="[151,306,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="292">R. deconincki</emphasis>
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has a small gubernaculum without apophysis, and
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B300460598A9DE802641FF39" authorityName="Lorenzen" authorityYear="1972" box="[899,1033,151,176]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="7" pageNumber="292" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="scutatum">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B300460598A9DE802641FF39" box="[899,1033,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="292">R. scutatum</emphasis>
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has a gubernaculum with a poorly developed apophysis and a pointed anterior projection (
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has a gubernaculum with a dorsal apophysis and a pointed anterior projection).
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Genus
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. Cuticle coarsely striated, vacuoles may be present. Amphideal fovea placed over or very close to the end of pharyngostome. Its shape is circular or oval and an amphideal plate may be present (amphideal plate was used to characterize the cuticle annules without division which accommodates the entire amphideal fovea). In some species, amphideal fovea of the males is different to that of the females (oval x circular). The buccal cavity is long and tubular, divided in two parts: cheilostome, short anterior chamber at the level of cephalic setae; pharyngostome, a narrow tubular part extending along the cervical region. Males with two testes. Spicules can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Gubernaculum is present in most species and normally with apophysis. Precloacal supplements present or absent, when present, they are papilliform (not always easy to see). Females with reproductive system monodelphic prodelphic the left of intestine. Tail conical.
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<mods:name id="5F989DA52DFDC84F8931B5D131FC708D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="963C24891D7160495E597364C494A61F">
<mods:roleTerm id="1D6D3E767EEE121E5F4968C95D2CBE03">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E75F8E6888B12AC35B4A440AF7E9C394">Neres, Patrícia Fernandes</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="206F4CF1E623F41B657747A6146783F8" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1152-4953</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="41F8C62EF7C855011FAE484FD83E6633">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s / n, Departamento Zoologia, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50670 - 901. Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D334E2DFFE5E83285CCC5FE26597E9B8" type="email">patricia_neres@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D6507D26C1217CE2989063B1C3089814" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C20F16998B62F808898B158181E4619A">
<mods:roleTerm id="D2A4C2A8F1E0129F5FF2D7CEE8ADB04E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6E9EBD9BAC9F58F61A546733C768F763">Esteves, André Morgado</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="570B358DF627A452B765BC1143F428FB" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0921-2731</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5C3940324D5EEC68F278C0C9DCA54725">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s / n, Departamento Zoologia, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50670 - 901. Brazil &amp; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s / n, Departamento Zoologia, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50670 - 901. Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5AAED54F2B6E6537A652FA2F97C33827" type="email">andresteves.ufpe@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="5643EB353B732A0BE86C9900D6BE2190">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="A3767FA5E5D045A56CD9AC838C19D0BD" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="31656CDC8D731EF1C95C57A4A37822B0">
<mods:title id="310D67CAB16630AFBC61FB2F434BF067">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="88A669A1416E79F5B2EE40FB2FFAC027">
<mods:date id="BC501443D8A1448666C2D51F00915F57">2025</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="3768563C3D2AB54E94206395055693DA" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="2C20B04A78AB1A87751A21D7B8C64717">2025-03-14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="915203B018EA125AE648C55F53D4E80F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2094BDC1ACC973FFD7404916A67B4538">5604</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="990F8A6F5DAB5CA1EF424D16A5FAC9FD" type="issue">
<mods:number id="F59574C299C3E0A41CE22D533A42DF09">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="B700818D1FF7A9001DB7250AB46A27D9" unit="page">
<mods:start id="DDD95DBC625233C3E940F60800477B2F">285</mods:start>
<mods:end id="B0C6AF0C202D861450929431136DBF4F">308</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="F746F3254D8BDD1D128D46D054284641">
<mods:url id="E2B89E39D95252D41A8F8A97B355E16F">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.4</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="79B657C7A8567A7D9DF9C062FC0EA750">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FC39C91B2769B05E52F85E196C995113" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="611F6E992AE43701095AE85204122961" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BFF342006E4E43F9847B747A10B8C0B6" type="ZooBank">828F7BF8-0383-48F5-A401-E611E314562C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="6A06F520B30846109BBDDE802176F973" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A06F520B30846109BBDDE802176F973" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A06F520B30846109BBDDE802176F973" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">
<subSubSection id="AAB517BDB308460D9BBDDE802048FF3B" box="[151,512,151,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E2104436B308460D9BBDDE802048FF3B" blockId="15.[151,512,151,214]" box="[151,512,151,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">
<heading id="B958F35AB308460D9BBDDE802048FF3B" bold="true" box="[151,512,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" reason="1">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9BBDDE802048FF3B" bold="true" box="[151,512,151,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B308460D9BBDDE8023D4FF3B" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,412,151,178]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cleoae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9BBDDE8023D4FF3B" bold="true" box="[151,412,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Rhynchonema cleoae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB308460D9A88DE8F2048FF3B" box="[418,512,152,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAB517BDB308460D9BBDDEAB23D5FF5F" box="[151,413,188,214]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" type="description">
<paragraph id="E2104436B308460D9BBDDEAB23D5FF5F" blockId="15.[151,512,151,214]" box="[151,413,188,214]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">
(
<figureCitation id="7A9458B3B308460D9BB5DEAB237EFF5F" box="[159,310,188,214]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 9" captionStart-1="FIGURE 10" captionStart-2="FIGURE 11" captionStart-3="FIGURE 12" captionStartId-0="16.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionStartId-1="17.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionStartId-2="18.[151,250,1473,1497]" captionStartId-3="20.[151,250,1521,1545]" captionTargetBox-0="[290,1301,385,1716]" captionTargetBox-1="[192,1396,181,1846]" captionTargetBox-2="[347,1235,188,1435]" captionTargetBox-3="[191,1395,181,1497]" captionTargetId-0="figure-111@16.[285,1301,381,1724]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@17.[192,1396,181,1846]" captionTargetId-2="figure-21@18.[347,1240,181,1449]" captionTargetId-3="figure-21@20.[191,1395,181,1497]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="17" captionTargetPageId-2="18" captionTargetPageId-3="20" captionText-0="FIGURE 9. Rhynchonema cleoae sp. nov. holotype male (MOUFPE 0036): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (buccal cavity, amphideal fovea, anterior annules and vacuoles), (C) spicules and gubernaculum, (D) posterior region (tail)." captionText-1="FIGURE 10. Rhynchonema cleoae sp. nov. holotype male (MOUFPE 0036): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (amphideal fovea), (C) anterior region (buccal cavity and vacuoles), (D) spicules and gubernaculum, (E) posterior region (tail and cuticle)." captionText-2="FIGURE 11. Rhynchonema cleoae sp. nov. paratype female (MOUFPE 0037): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (buccal cavity, amphideal fovea, anterior annules and vacuoles), (C) posterior region (tail)." captionText-3="FIGURE 12. Rhynchonema cleoae sp. nov. paratype female (MOUFPE 0037): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (amphideal fovea), (C) anterior region (buccal cavity and anterior annules), (D) posterior region (tail and cuticle)." pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Figures 9–12</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="AF2D718DB308460D9A6BDEAB23DCFF5F" box="[321,404,188,214]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="19.[152,244,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphometric data of Rhynchonema cleoae sp. nov. The measurements are expressed in micrometers, or if noted, as a percentage or ratio. Not applicable (*); not available for measurement (-); a, b, c, c’ = de Man’s ratios (1880). Female paratype MOUFPE 0037 (+).Morphometric data of Rhynchonema potiguar sp. nov." pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Table 3</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAB517BDB308460D9BBDDEEA2653FE42" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E2104436B308460D9BBDDEEA210AFE9E" blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2043]" box="[151,834,253,279]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9BBDDEEA232DFE9E" bold="true" box="[151,357,253,279]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Material studied.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="F4A98FBFB308460D9A41DEEA23A3FE9E" box="[363,491,253,279]" count="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" type="male">Four males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="F4A98FBFB308460D9ADDDEEA20CFFE9E" box="[503,647,253,279]" count="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" type="female">four females</specimenCount>
. Glycerin slides.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2104436B308460D9BEDDF362635FEE9" blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2043]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9BEDDF362339FEB2" bold="true" box="[199,369,289,315]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Type material</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="52C74E6BB308460D9AA8DF362635FEE9" collectionCode="MOUFPE" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" specimenCode="MOUFPE 0036, MOUFPE 0037" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="3D14FA94B308460D9AA8DF3623A2FEB2" box="[386,490,289,315]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male (
<specimenCode id="B209EC4DB308460D9916DF3620BDFEB2" box="[572,757,289,315]" collectionCode="MOUFPE" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x21b-a7z4" name="Oceanographic Museum of the Federal University of Pernambuco" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" type="">MOUFPE 0036</specimenCode>
),
<typeStatus id="3D14FA94B308460D9826DF362124FEB2" box="[780,876,289,315]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female (
<specimenCode id="B209EC4DB308460D98FEDF3626C5FEB2" box="[980,1165,289,315]" collectionCode="MOUFPE" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x21b-a7z4" name="Oceanographic Museum of the Federal University of Pernambuco" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" type="">MOUFPE 0037</specimenCode>
), other
<typeStatus id="3D14FA94B308460D9FCDDF36271FFEB2" box="[1255,1367,289,315]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="F4A98FBFB308460D9E4EDF362290FED6" count="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" type="male">three males</specimenCount>
(NM LMZOO-UFPE 521–523) and
<specimenCount id="F4A98FBFB308460D995DDF522145FED6" box="[631,781,325,351]" count="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
(NM LMZOO-UFPE 524–526).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2104436B308460D9BEDDF7E2653FE42" blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2043]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9BEDDF7E2329FE0A" bold="true" box="[199,353,361,387]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Type locality</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="52C74E6BB308460D9A5BDF7E2653FE42" country="Brazil" county="In" elevation="8" latitude="-5.0263333" location="Potiguar Basin" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-36.336445" municipality="Northeast region" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="3D14FA94B308460D9A5BDF7E2391FE0A" box="[369,473,361,387]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male and
<typeStatus id="3D14FA94B308460D997BDF7E20F9FE0A" box="[593,689,361,387]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female:
<geoCoordinate id="879B22F1B308460D983DDF7E21EBFE0D" box="[791,931,361,388]" degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" precision="1" seconds="34.8" value="-5.0263333">5º01’34.8”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="879B22F1B308460D989ADF7E2619FE0A" box="[944,1105,361,387]" degrees="36" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" precision="1" seconds="11.2" value="-36.336445">36º20’11.2”W</geoCoordinate>
(
<elevation id="6982A305B308460D9F48DF7E2692FE0A" box="[1122,1242,361,387]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" unit="m" value="8.0">
<quantity id="2557E9D3B308460D9F48DF7E26C7FE0A" box="[1122,1167,361,387]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
).
<location id="E77012EDB308460D9FC4DF7E27D0FE0A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A06F520B30846109BBDDE802176F973:E77012EDB308460D9FC4DF7E27D0FE0A" box="[1262,1432,361,387]" country="Brazil" county="In" latitude="-5.0263333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-36.336445" municipality="Northeast region" name="Potiguar Basin" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte">Potiguar Basin</location>
, located along the coast of the state of
<collectingRegion id="206B8AD4B308460D9973DF9A2106FE2E" box="[601,846,397,423]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Rio Grande do Norte</collectingRegion>
and the extreme west of the state of
<collectingRegion id="206B8AD4B308460D9E2DDF9A2703FE2E" box="[1287,1355,397,423]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Ceará</collectingRegion>
, in the
<collectingMunicipality id="0274DE4CB308460D9BBDDFA6231BFE42" box="[151,339,433,459]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Northeast region</collectingMunicipality>
of
<collectingCountry id="9AB804A6B308460D9A52DFA62388FE42" box="[376,448,433,459]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Collected in 2012.
<collectingCounty id="0B713CBAB308460D99B5DFA620FEFE42" box="[671,694,433,459]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">In</collectingCounty>
sediments from rhodolith beds.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAB517BDB308460D9BEDDFC220F8FD9A" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E2104436B308460D9BEDDFC220F8FD9A" blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2043]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9BEDDFC22306FE66" bold="true" box="[199,334,469,495]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B308460D991FDFC220CFFE66" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[565,647,469,495]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cleoae">
‘
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9914DFC220CFFE66" box="[574,647,469,495]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">cleoae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ is given with great pleasure to this species, in honor of the niece of the first author, called Cléo Luisa de Macedo
<collectingRegion id="206B8AD4B308460D9947DFEE20E4FD9A" box="[621,684,505,531]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Lima</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAB517BDB308460D9BEDDC0A212AFA1E" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" type="description">
<paragraph id="E2104436B308460D9BEDDC0A264DFBA6" blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2043]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9BEDDC0A23F7FDBE" bold="true" box="[199,447,541,567]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Description. (Males).</emphasis>
Body cylindrical 537–684 μm long. Maximum body diameter corresponding to 6–8 times the head diameter. Clearly annulated cuticle presenting vacuoles (the annules closest to the amphideal fovea region are wider compared to the rest of the body, the vacuoles are best observed in this region). Inversion in the direction of the annules and longitudinal projections, the annules between the cephalic region and the middle portion of the intestine face the anterior region of the body, and the annules between the intestine and the tail face the posterior region. Only the outer labial setae were visualized. Amphideal fovea oval occupying the equivalent of four body annules in length, 47–53% of corresponding body diameter. Amphideal fovea located the end of pharyngostome (52–62 μm from anterior end), with 30–34 cuticular annules anterior to it. Buccal cavity tubular, long and narrow, with 52–61 μm in length). Nerve ring and secretory-excretory pore not observed (the same condition was observed in all analyzed specimens). Pharynx cylindrical (137–171 μm long), without terminal bulb. Cardia slightly rounded, involved by the intestine. Reproductive system with two testes located anterior and to the left of the intestine. Spicules symmetrical, 17–24 μm long (1 time the cloacal body diameter), thin and without great curvature, almost in a straight line (the spicules are poorly sclerotized). Gubernaculum occupying 24–34% of spicules length, presenting a singular projection in the form of a V, measuring 6–9 μm long. Apophysis absent. Precloacal supplements absent. Tail conical, about 4–5 times the cloacal body diameter. Caudal glands absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2104436B308460D9BEDDA2E212AFA1E" blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2043]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9BEDDA2E238BFBDA" bold="true" box="[199,451,1081,1107]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">
<typeStatus id="3D14FA94B308460D9BEDDA2E2377FBDA" box="[199,319,1081,1107]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(Females).
</emphasis>
Very similar to males. Body measuring 552–836 μm in length and maximum diameter 19–32 μm. Inversion of the annules is located at the level of the vulva, the annules in the anterior region of the body (anterior to the vulva) facing upwards, and the annules located posterior to the vulva face downwards. Sexual dimorphism of the amphideal fovea present. Females with a circular amphideal fovea, occupying the equivalent of three body annules in length, 47–53% of corresponding body diameter, located 46–63 μm (14–20 times head diameter) from anterior end (32–33 annules distance from anterior region). Buccal cavity similar to that of males, but shorter (47–63 μm long). Nerve ring and secretory-excretory pore not observed. Reproductive system is monodelphic prodelphic, formed by a single anterior ovary lying to the left of the intestine. Vulva located 393–582 μm from anterior end (70–72% of body length). Tail conical, about 3.8–4.4 times anal body diameter (the annules in this region have a smaller distance between one to the other).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAB517BDB30846109BEDDBB62176F973" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E2104436B308460D9BEDDBB6207EF91A" blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2043]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9BEDDBB6230AFA32" bold="true" box="[199,322,1441,1467]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B308460D9A61DBB62074FA32" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[331,572,1441,1467]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cleoae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9A61DBB62074FA32" box="[331,572,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Rhynchonema cleoae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D996FDBB620E9FA32" bold="true" box="[581,673,1441,1467]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB308460D996FDBB620E9FA32" box="[581,673,1441,1467]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is characterized by annulated cuticle with longitudinal projections and wider anterior annules, with vacuoles present. Buccal cavity more elongated. 30 to 34 annules anterior to the amphideal fovea. Sexual dimorphism in the amphideal fovea, in males it is oval-elongated, occupying equivalent to four annules and circular in females, occupying three annules. Amphideal fovea 47–53% of the corresponding body diameter in both sexes. Spicules thin and without great curvature (1 cloacal body diameter). Gubernaculum with projection in the form of a V. Two testes in the anterior and left portion of the intestine. Tail conical, corresponding to 3–5 cloacal or anal body diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2104436B30846129BEDD88A23DEFEEC" blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2043]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="301" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9BEDD88A2387F93E" bold="true" box="[199,463,1693,1719]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B308460D9AFCD88A208EF93E" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[470,710,1693,1719]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cleoae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9AFCD88A208EF93E" box="[470,710,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Rhynchonema cleoae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D99E4D88A2160F93E" bold="true" box="[718,808,1693,1719]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB308460D99E4D88A2160F93E" box="[718,808,1693,1719]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from other species of the genus by the presence of the amphideal fovea with sexual dimorphism related to the shape (oval-elongated in males vs circular in females, but similar in relation to diameter), cuticle with vacuolization, spicules and gubernaculum morphology. The species that most resemble
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B308460D9AF3D91E2083F8AA" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[473,715,1801,1827]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cleoae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9AF3D91E2083F8AA" box="[473,715,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Rhynchonema cleoae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D99FCD91E2173F8AA" bold="true" box="[726,827,1801,1827]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB308460D99FCD91E217DF8AA" box="[726,821,1801,1827]" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
are
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B308460D9858D91E26C6F8AA" authorityName="Boucher" authorityYear="1974" box="[882,1166,1801,1827]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="falciferum">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9858D91E26C6F8AA" box="[882,1166,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Rhynchonema falciferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B308460D9F8AD91E27D4F8AA" authorityName="Gourbault" authorityYear="1982" box="[1184,1436,1801,1827]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sieverti">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9F8AD91E27D4F8AA" box="[1184,1436,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">Rhynchonema sieverti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9BE3D93A23ABF8CE" box="[201,483,1837,1863]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B308460D9BE3D93A2397F8CE" authorityName="Fadeeva &amp; Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[201,479,1837,1863]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pulchrum">Rhynchonema pulchrum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
due to similarities in the shape of the amphideal fovea and the presence of sexual dimorphism (amphideal fovea oval and larger in males, circular and smaller in females); position of the amphideal fovea in relation to the anterior end of the body (varying between 46–62 μm), symmetry of the spicules and presence of gubernaculum. Nevertheless, neither of these species have vacuoles as seen in the new species and the position of the amphideal fovea in relation to the pharyngostome is divergent. In
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B308460D9895D9A92618F85E" authorityName="Boucher" authorityYear="1974" box="[959,1104,1981,2007]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="falciferum">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9895D9A92618F85E" box="[959,1104,1981,2007]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">R. falciferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is located before the end of the pharyngostome. In
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B308460D9AB7D9F52058F872" authorityName="Gourbault" authorityYear="1982" box="[413,528,2018,2043]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sieverti">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9AB7D9F52058F872" box="[413,528,2018,2043]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">R. sieverti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
located posterior to the final portion of the pharyngostome and in
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B308460D9E23D9F527DDF872" authorityName="Fadeeva &amp; Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[1289,1429,2017,2043]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="15" pageNumber="300" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pulchrum">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B308460D9E23D9F527DDF872" box="[1289,1429,2017,2043]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="300">R. pulchrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as in the new species described, located at the end of pharyngostome. Furthermore, the species differ in terms of spicules morphology.
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B3174612992ADEAC20D5FF5C" box="[512,669,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="301">
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B3174612992ADEAC20D1FF5C" authorityName="Boucher" authorityYear="1974" box="[512,665,187,213]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="16" pageNumber="301" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="falciferum">R. falciferum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
as well as the new species, has straight spicules, however, it has a gubernaculum with a dorsal apophysis.
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B317461299AADEC82146FF70" authorityName="Fadeeva &amp; Karpova" authorityYear="2024" box="[640,782,223,249]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="16" pageNumber="301" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pulchrum">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B317461299AADEC82146FF70" box="[640,782,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="301">R. pulchrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has spicules curved with a proximal region cephalated; gubernaculum with apophysis paddle-like, dorsally oriented.
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B3174612986ADF1421F9FE95" authorityName="Gourbault" authorityYear="1982" box="[832,945,259,284]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="16" pageNumber="301" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sieverti">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B3174612986ADF1421F9FE95" box="[832,945,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="301">R. sieverti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has curved spicules and gubernaculum with narrow dorsal apophysis (
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B31746129A9FDF302008FEC8" box="[437,576,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="301">
vs.
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B31746129AF3DF302008FEC8" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[473,576,295,321]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="16" pageNumber="301" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cleoae" status="sp. nov.">R. cleoae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B3174612996FDF3020D5FEC8" bold="true" box="[581,669,295,321]" pageId="16" pageNumber="301">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB3174612996FDF3020D5FEC8" box="[581,669,295,321]" pageId="16" pageNumber="301" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
with thin spicules that are not curved, with a V-shaped gubernaculum and apophysis absent).
</paragraph>
<caption id="B6D014BEB31746129BBDD8C32697F899" pageId="16" pageNumber="301" startId="16.[151,250,1748,1772]" targetBox="[290,1301,385,1716]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="E2104436B31746129BBDD8C32697F899" blockId="16.[151,1436,1748,1808]" pageId="16" pageNumber="301">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B31746129BBDD8C3235CF965" bold="true" box="[151,276,1748,1772]" pageId="16" pageNumber="301">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B31746129A31D8C323BCF965" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[283,500,1748,1772]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="16" pageNumber="301" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cleoae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B31746129A31D8C323BCF965" box="[283,500,1748,1772]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="301">Rhynchonema cleoae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B31746129AD1D8C32005F965" bold="true" box="[507,589,1748,1772]" pageId="16" pageNumber="301">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB31746129AD1D8C32005F965" box="[507,589,1748,1772]" pageId="16" pageNumber="301" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
holotype male (MOUFPE 0036): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (buccal cavity, amphideal fovea, anterior annules and vacuoles), (C) spicules and gubernaculum, (D) posterior region (tail).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B6D014BEB31646139BBDD95927D4F803" pageId="17" pageNumber="302" startId="17.[151,250,1870,1894]" targetBox="[192,1396,181,1846]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="E2104436B31646139BBDD95927D4F803" blockId="17.[151,1436,1870,1930]" pageId="17" pageNumber="302">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B31646139BBDD959236AF8EF" bold="true" box="[151,290,1870,1894]" pageId="17" pageNumber="302">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B31646139A01D959204DF8EF" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[299,517,1870,1894]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="17" pageNumber="302" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cleoae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B31646139A01D959204DF8EF" box="[299,517,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="302">Rhynchonema cleoae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B31646139924D9592028F8EF" bold="true" box="[526,608,1870,1894]" pageId="17" pageNumber="302">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB31646139924D9592028F8EF" box="[526,608,1870,1894]" pageId="17" pageNumber="302" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
holotype male (MOUFPE 0036): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (amphideal fovea), (C) anterior region (buccal cavity and vacuoles), (D) spicules and gubernaculum, (E) posterior region (tail and cuticle).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B6D014BEB31546109BBDDBD621DDFA74" pageId="18" pageNumber="303" startId="18.[151,250,1473,1497]" targetBox="[347,1235,188,1435]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="E2104436B31546109BBDDBD621DDFA74" blockId="18.[151,1436,1473,1534]" pageId="18" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B31546109BBDDBD62355FA50" bold="true" box="[151,285,1473,1497]" pageId="18" pageNumber="303">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B31546109A09DBD623B2FA50" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[291,506,1473,1497]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="303" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cleoae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B31546109A09DBD623B2FA50" box="[291,506,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="303">Rhynchonema cleoae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B31546109AD5DBD52007FA53" bold="true" box="[511,591,1474,1498]" pageId="18" pageNumber="303">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB31546109AD5DBD52007FA53" box="[511,591,1474,1498]" pageId="18" pageNumber="303" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
paratype female (MOUFPE 0037): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (buccal cavity, amphideal fovea, anterior annules and vacuoles), (C) posterior region (tail).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E2104436B31546109BEDD8472176F973" blockId="18.[151,1437,1616,1786]" pageId="18" pageNumber="303">
Additionally,
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B31546109A4ED847202FF9E3" authorityName="Aryuthaka" authorityYear="1989" box="[356,615,1616,1642]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="303" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kikuchii">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B31546109A4ED847202FF9E3" box="[356,615,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="303">Rhynchonema kikuchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also presents vacuolation in the cuticle, morphology of the amphideal fovea is oval, similar number of annules anterior to the amphideal fovea (
<quantity id="2557E9D3B315461098C4D863261DF907" box="[1006,1109,1652,1678]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.763" metricValueMax="9.398" metricValueMin="8.128" pageId="18" pageNumber="303" unit="in" value="34.5" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="32.0">32–37 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B31546109F75D8632691F907" authorityName="Aryuthaka" authorityYear="1989" box="[1119,1241,1652,1678]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="303" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kikuchii">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B31546109F75D8632691F907" box="[1119,1241,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="303">R. kikuchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<quantity id="2557E9D3B31546109E3FD8632733F907" box="[1301,1403,1652,1678]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.128" metricValueMax="8.636" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="18" pageNumber="303" unit="in" value="32.0" valueMax="34.0" valueMin="30.0">30–34 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B31546109EAED86322A8F93B" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="303" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cleoae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B31546109EAED86322A8F93B" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="303">R. cleoae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B31546109BC3D88F230CF93B" bold="true" box="[233,324,1688,1714]" pageId="18" pageNumber="303">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB31546109BC3D88F230CF93B" box="[233,324,1688,1714]" pageId="18" pageNumber="303" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
) and location of the amphideal fovea before the end of the pharyngostome. However,
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B31546109E09D88F27D5F93B" authorityName="Aryuthaka" authorityYear="1989" box="[1315,1437,1688,1714]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="303" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kikuchii">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B31546109E09D88F27D5F93B" box="[1315,1437,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="303">R. kikuchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has asymmetrical spicules, a gubernaculum with the presence of a posterodorsal apophysis (
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B31546109F80D8AB2772F95F" box="[1194,1338,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="303">
vs.
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B31546109FFBD8AB2772F95F" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[1233,1338,1724,1750]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="18" pageNumber="303" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cleoae" status="sp. nov.">R. cleoae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B31546109E68D8AB27D4F95F" bold="true" box="[1346,1436,1724,1750]" pageId="18" pageNumber="303">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB31546109E68D8AB27D4F95F" box="[1346,1436,1724,1750]" pageId="18" pageNumber="303" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
symmetrical spicules and gubernaculum without apophysis).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

280
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<mods:title id="9F0B7E72149438BAA2E6FB16144C9480">Three new species of Rhynchonema (Monhysterida: Xyalidae) from the Brazilian continental shelf, Potiguar Basin</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CAA32D9F60A0BE4EC35FF35154D86FB9">Neres, Patrícia Fernandes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2806E35C656847D3E9C2C124ACE454A9" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0921-2731</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="32F16EC4DC3A82F93F67037185487382">Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s / n, Departamento Zoologia, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50670 - 901. Brazil &amp; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s / n, Departamento Zoologia, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco 50670 - 901. Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3F5A730A48CBB0B2302A2378C5BAC3CF" type="email">andresteves.ufpe@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="DD416A24CBFB1D8BCC901F4A5C672D96">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="6AF56ACD43502DA561C56425DE989D8E" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="7173821CE8F386BFBCC7290BF98958B2">
<mods:title id="FDE1BBC91612852E713D56500DD41DB3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="44CE0615EA1F326758B7BCC92D07E95E">
<mods:date id="0E180390B5887ACF95635868512AEE7D">2025</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A29B2A346AFA8FE9016C3B6A0E5C34C6" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="3704449A06423B241A92886A2EC15DC8">2025-03-14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="19798737CC5764D527AD92F6A16B4207" type="volume">
<mods:number id="39E3F0D9842C3A2A8C33D77FE4F873A8">5604</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="FF119AF24C492C20FBEBFCBD9F0D3760" type="issue">
<mods:number id="BD0AF3517D5378BE876379E761F02F81">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="8B2F96581E050F2847DECE4EB9DFC865" unit="page">
<mods:start id="AB17A5D8C9306651C7C1703F7BE6708A">285</mods:start>
<mods:end id="2B3F061C8AD44D5622C3BA45F85BCA1E">308</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="F2F8DFD72570D3CB3F5D271823414ECE">
<mods:url id="EF2C22E564FE2784713F1DEBFD2B521D">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.4</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="A9E48B2FA14FACA84ACD69DC8773E994">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="30AAD61455BFA41061E238AD56CC0587" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5604.3.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D0306C25C0656B46526326176794F04A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D5DAC022CF3FC0A457556A612F677D11" type="ZooBank">828F7BF8-0383-48F5-A401-E611E314562C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="6A06F520B30E460F9BBDDE802184F8C4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A06F520B30E460F9BBDDE802184F8C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A06F520B30E460F9BBDDE802184F8C4" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">
<subSubSection id="AAB517BDB30E460B9BBDDE802052FF3B" box="[151,538,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E2104436B30E460B9BBDDE802052FF3B" blockId="9.[151,538,151,214]" box="[151,538,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">
<heading id="B958F35AB30E460B9BBDDE802052FF3B" bold="true" box="[151,538,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" reason="1">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30E460B9BBDDE802052FF3B" bold="true" box="[151,538,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30E460B9BBDDE8023FEFF38" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,438,151,178]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="potiguar" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30E460B9BBDDE8023FEFF38" bold="true" box="[151,438,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">Rhynchonema potiguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB30E460B9A97DE8F2052FF3B" box="[445,538,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAB517BDB30E460B9BBDDEAB23D8FF5F" box="[151,400,187,214]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" type="description">
<paragraph id="E2104436B30E460B9BBDDEAB23D8FF5F" blockId="9.[151,538,151,214]" box="[151,400,187,214]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">
(
<figureCitation id="7A9458B3B30E460B9BB5DEAB236FFF5F" box="[159,295,187,214]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStart-3="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1783,1807]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,250,1861,1885]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1786,1810]" captionStartId-3="12.[151,250,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox-0="[191,1396,598,1749]" captionTargetBox-1="[191,1397,181,1837]" captionTargetBox-2="[222,1357,191,1751]" captionTargetBox-3="[191,1396,181,1617]" captionTargetId-0="figure-135@9.[190,1398,598,1759]" captionTargetId-1="figure-21@10.[191,1397,181,1837]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@11.[218,1369,181,1762]" captionTargetId-3="figure-21@12.[191,1396,181,1617]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionTargetPageId-3="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Rhynchonema potiguar sp. nov. holotype male (MOUFPE 0034): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (buccal cavity, amphideal fovea and anterior annules), (C) posterior region (tail, spicules, gubernaculum and precloacal supplements)." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Rhynchonema potiguar sp. nov. holotype male (MOUFPE 0034): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (amphideal fovea), (C) anterior region (buccal cavity and anterior annules), (D) spicules and gubernaculum, (E) posterior end: arrow indicating the precloacal supplements, (F) posterior region (tail and cuticle)." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Rhynchonema potiguar sp. nov. paratype female (MOUFPE 0035): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (buccal cavity, amphideal fovea and anterior annules), (C) reproductive system (vulva), (D) posterior region (tail and caudal glands)." captionText-3="FIGURE 8. Rhynchonema potiguar sp. nov. paratype female (MOUFPE 0035): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (amphideal fovea), (C) anterior region (buccal cavity and anterior annules), (D) reproductive system (vulva), (E) posterior region (tail and caudal glands)." pageId="9" pageNumber="294">Figures 5–8</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="AF2D718DB30E460B9A19DEAB23CFFF5F" box="[307,391,188,214]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="14.[152,244,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric data of Rhynchonema potiguar sp. nov. The measurements are expressed in micrometers, or if noted, as a percentage or ratio. Not applicable (*); not available for measurement (-); a, b, c, c’ = de Man’s ratios (1880). Female paratype MOUFPE 0035 (+)." pageId="9" pageNumber="294">Table 2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAB517BDB30E460B9BBDDF142653FE5B" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E2104436B30E460B9BBDDF142162FE97" blockId="9.[151,1437,259,538]" box="[151,810,259,286]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30E460B9BBDDF14232DFE94" bold="true" box="[151,357,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">Material studied.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="F4A98FBFB30E460B9A41DF1323AAFE97" box="[363,482,260,286]" count="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" type="male">five males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="F4A98FBFB30E460B9AC7DF132038FE97" box="[493,624,260,286]" count="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" type="female">six females</specimenCount>
. Glycerin slides.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2104436B30E460B9BEDDF3F2627FEEF" blockId="9.[151,1437,259,538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30E460B9BEDDF3F233AFEC8" bold="true" box="[199,370,295,322]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">Type material</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="52C74E6BB30E460B9AA9DF3F2627FEEF" collectionCode="MOUFPE" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" specimenCode="MOUFPE 0034, MOUFPE 0035" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="4" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="3D14FA94B30E460B9AA9DF3F23A3FECB" box="[387,491,296,322]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male (
<specimenCode id="B209EC4DB30E460B9915DF3F20B1FECB" box="[575,761,296,322]" collectionCode="MOUFPE" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x21b-a7z4" name="Oceanographic Museum of the Federal University of Pernambuco" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" type="">MOUFPE 0034</specimenCode>
),
<typeStatus id="3D14FA94B30E460B983ADF3F2138FECB" box="[784,880,296,322]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female (
<specimenCode id="B209EC4DB30E460B98F0DF3F26DCFECB" box="[986,1172,295,322]" collectionCode="MOUFPE" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/x21b-a7z4" name="Oceanographic Museum of the Federal University of Pernambuco" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" type="">MOUFPE 0035</specimenCode>
), other
<typeStatus id="3D14FA94B30E460B9FDADF3F2728FECB" box="[1264,1376,296,322]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="F4A98FBFB30E460B9E44DF3F2290FEEF" count="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" type="male">four males</specimenCount>
(NM LMZOO-UFPE 511–515) and
<specimenCount id="F4A98FBFB30E460B995CDF5B2148FEEF" box="[630,768,332,358]" count="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" type="female">five females</specimenCount>
(NM LMZOO-UFPE 516–520).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2104436B30E460B9BEDDF672653FE5B" blockId="9.[151,1437,259,538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30E460B9BEDDF672328FE00" bold="true" box="[199,352,367,394]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">Type locality</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="52C74E6BB30E460B9A45DF672653FE5B" country="Brazil" county="In" elevation="4" latitude="-5.0694723" location="Potiguar Basin" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-36.375305" municipality="Northeast region" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="3D14FA94B30E460B9A45DF67239FFE03" box="[367,471,368,394]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male and
<typeStatus id="3D14FA94B30E460B9966DF6720E4FE03" box="[588,684,368,394]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female:
<geoCoordinate id="879B22F1B30E460B9825DF7821E1FE03" box="[783,937,367,394]" degrees="05" direction="south" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" precision="1" seconds="10.1" value="-5.0694723">05º04’10.1”S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="879B22F1B30E460B989FDF78261EFE00" box="[949,1110,367,393]" degrees="36" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" precision="1" seconds="31.1" value="-36.375305">36º22’31.1”W</geoCoordinate>
(
<elevation id="6982A305B30E460B9F4CDF672694FE03" box="[1126,1244,368,394]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="4.0">
<quantity id="2557E9D3B30E460B9F4CDF6726DAFE03" box="[1126,1170,368,394]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
).
<location id="E77012EDB30E460B9FC5DF6727D0FE03" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A06F520B30E460F9BBDDE802184F8C4:E77012EDB30E460B9FC5DF6727D0FE03" box="[1263,1432,368,394]" country="Brazil" county="In" latitude="-5.0694723" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-36.375305" municipality="Northeast region" name="Potiguar Basin" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Norte">Potiguar Basin</location>
, located along the coast of the state of
<collectingRegion id="206B8AD4B30E460B9973DF832106FE27" box="[601,846,404,430]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Norte" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">Rio Grande do Norte</collectingRegion>
and the extreme west of the state of
<collectingRegion id="206B8AD4B30E460B9E2DDF832703FE27" box="[1287,1355,404,430]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">Ceará</collectingRegion>
, in the
<collectingMunicipality id="0274DE4CB30E460B9BBDDFAF231BFE5B" box="[151,339,440,466]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">Northeast region</collectingMunicipality>
of
<collectingCountry id="9AB804A6B30E460B9A52DFAF2388FE5B" box="[376,448,440,466]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. Collected in 2013.
<collectingCounty id="0B713CBAB30E460B99B5DFAF20FEFE5B" box="[671,694,440,466]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">In</collectingCounty>
sediments from rhodolith beds.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAB517BDB30E460B9BEDDFCB2153FD93" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E2104436B30E460B9BEDDFCB2153FD93" blockId="9.[151,1437,259,538]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30E460B9BEDDFCB2306FE7F" bold="true" box="[199,334,476,502]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30E460B9913DFCB20EAFE7C" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[569,674,476,502]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="potiguar">
‘
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30E460B9968DFCB20EAFE7C" box="[578,674,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">potiguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ is given due to its occurrence having been recorded along different points of the Potiguar Basin, coast of Northeast of
<collectingCountry id="9AB804A6B30E460B99E5DC17215FFD93" box="[719,791,512,538]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="B6D014BEB30E460B9BBDD8E02703F8BA" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" startId="9.[151,250,1783,1807]" targetBox="[191,1396,598,1749]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="E2104436B30E460B9BBDD8E02703F8BA" blockId="9.[151,1436,1783,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30E460B9BBDD8E0235AF886" bold="true" box="[151,274,1783,1807]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30E460B9A33D8E0204DF886" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[281,517,1783,1807]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="potiguar" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30E460B9A33D8E0204DF886" box="[281,517,1783,1807]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">Rhynchonema potiguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30E460B9921D8E02013F886" bold="true" box="[523,603,1783,1807]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB30E460B9921D8E02013F886" box="[523,603,1783,1807]" pageId="9" pageNumber="294" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
holotype male (MOUFPE 0034): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (buccal cavity, amphideal fovea and anterior annules), (C) posterior region (tail, spicules, gubernaculum and precloacal supplements).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B6D014BEB30D46089BBDD95221D4F82C" pageId="10" pageNumber="295" startId="10.[151,250,1861,1885]" targetBox="[191,1397,181,1837]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="E2104436B30D46089BBDD95221D4F82C" blockId="10.[151,1436,1861,1957]" pageId="10" pageNumber="295">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30D46089BBDD952235DF8D4" bold="true" box="[151,277,1861,1885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="295">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30D46089A37D9522044F8D4" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[285,524,1861,1885]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="10" pageNumber="295" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="potiguar" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30D46089A37D9522044F8D4" box="[285,524,1861,1885]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="295">Rhynchonema potiguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30D4608993ED952202EF8D4" bold="true" box="[532,614,1861,1885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="295">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB30D4608993ED952202EF8D4" box="[532,614,1861,1885]" pageId="10" pageNumber="295" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
holotype male (MOUFPE 0034): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (amphideal fovea), (C) anterior region (buccal cavity and anterior annules), (D) spicules and gubernaculum, (E) posterior end: arrow indicating the precloacal supplements, (F) posterior region (tail and cuticle).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B6D014BEB30C46099BBDD8ED27CFF8BF" pageId="11" pageNumber="296" startId="11.[151,250,1786,1810]" targetBox="[222,1357,191,1751]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="E2104436B30C46099BBDD8ED27CFF8BF" blockId="11.[151,1436,1786,1846]" pageId="11" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30C46099BBDD8ED235EF89B" bold="true" box="[151,278,1786,1810]" pageId="11" pageNumber="296">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30C46099A0AD8ED2058F89B" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[288,528,1786,1810]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="11" pageNumber="296" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="potiguar" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30C46099A0AD8ED2058F89B" box="[288,528,1786,1810]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="296">Rhynchonema potiguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30C46099930D8ED2025F89B" bold="true" box="[538,621,1786,1810]" pageId="11" pageNumber="296">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB30C46099930D8ED2025F89B" box="[538,621,1786,1810]" pageId="11" pageNumber="296" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
paratype female (MOUFPE 0035): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (buccal cavity, amphideal fovea and anterior annules), (C) reproductive system (vulva), (D) posterior region (tail and caudal glands).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="B6D014BEB30B460E9BBDD87E2379F940" pageId="12" pageNumber="297" startId="12.[151,250,1641,1665]" targetBox="[191,1396,181,1617]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="E2104436B30B460E9BBDD87E2379F940" blockId="12.[151,1437,1641,1737]" pageId="12" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30B460E9BBDD87E235BF908" bold="true" box="[151,275,1641,1665]" pageId="12" pageNumber="297">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30B460E9A30D87E2040F908" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[282,520,1641,1665]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="12" pageNumber="297" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="potiguar" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30B460E9A30D87E2040F908" box="[282,520,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="297">Rhynchonema potiguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30B460E9925D87E2028F908" bold="true" box="[527,608,1641,1665]" pageId="12" pageNumber="297">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB30B460E9925D87E2028F908" box="[527,608,1641,1665]" pageId="12" pageNumber="297" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
paratype female (MOUFPE 0035): (A) overview, (B) anterior region (amphideal fovea), (C) anterior region (buccal cavity and anterior annules), (D) reproductive system (vulva), (E) posterior region (tail and caudal glands).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="AAB517BDB30B460F9BEDD90C27D5FC2C" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="12" pageNumber="297" type="description">
<paragraph id="E2104436B30B460F9BEDD90C2079FDB4" blockId="12.[151,1437,1819,2026]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,1869]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="12" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30B460E9BEDD90C23F7F8BC" bold="true" box="[199,447,1819,1845]" pageId="12" pageNumber="297">Description. (Males).</emphasis>
Body cylindrical 742–883 μm long. Maximum body diameter corresponding to 4–6 times the head diameter. Annulated cuticle, with wider annules on the anterior portion of the body (these annules are wider towards the end of the pharynx compared to the annules along the body length). Cuticle annules inversion observed. The part that starts in the cephalic region until the end of the pharynx presents a homogeneous pattern facing the anterior part of the body. The inversion and direction that the cuticle annules present can be better analyzed in the region that extends from the cloaca to the tail, facing posterior body. In the cephalic sensilla arrangement only six cephalic setae were visualized. Somatic setae throughout the body, with no distribution pattern (setae are short and fine). Amphideal fovea circular, occupying 61–69% of corresponding body diameter (the equivalent of three body annules width). It is located at the end of the pharyngostome (43–50 μm from anterior end), presenting 18–21 anterior cuticular annules. Buccal cavity 49–52 μm long and narrow. Nerve ring and secretory-excretory pore not observed (the same condition was observed in all analyzed specimens). Pharynx (218–235 μm long) without terminal bulb. Cardia present, apparently partially involved by the intestine. Reproductive system with a pair of testes, located in the anterior and left portion of the intestine. Spicules symmetrical, arc shaped and with a proximal region spoonlike (1–2 times the cloacal body diameter, spicules appear quite sclerotized). Gubernaculum occupying 30–36% of spicules length, with a dorsal-caudal apophysis measuring 11–13 μm long. Presence of three precloacal papilliform supplements, slightly sclerotized (which makes visualization very difficult). Tail conical, about 3.4–4.2 times the cloacal body diameter (the annules in this region are quite thin compared to those on the anterior portion of the body). Caudal glands not visualized.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2104436B30A460F9BEDDC5027D5FC2C" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30A460F9BEDDC50238BFDE9" bold="true" box="[199,451,582,609]" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">
<typeStatus id="3D14FA94B30A460F9BEDDC502377FDE8" box="[199,319,583,609]" pageId="13" pageNumber="298" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(Females).
</emphasis>
Very similar to males. Body measuring 754–810 μm in length and maximum diameter 28–37 μm. Sexual dimorphism in the shape of the amphideal fovea absent. Amphideal fovea circular, smaller than in the males (39–44% of corresponding body diameter), accommodated in two annules (the cuticle annule at the level of the amphideal fovea appears to widen to accommodate almost the entire length of the amphideal fovea, but when looking at the ventral or dorsal region of the body, the amphideal fovea occupies a length equivalent to two annules). Amphideal fovea is located 48–56 μm (10–11 times head diameter) from anterior end, where there are 21–22 annules before it. Buccal cavity similar to that of males, but longer (53–58 μm). Nerve ring and secretory-excretory pore not observed. Reproductive system is monodelphic prodelphic, with ovary located to the left of the intestine. Vulva located 539–589 μm from anterior end (71–74% of body length), with a specific shape similar to a “leaf” that aids in its visualization. Tail conical about 4.5–5 times anal body diameter. Three caudal glands present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AAB517BDB30A460F9BEDDDB92184F8C4" pageId="13" pageNumber="298" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E2104436B30A460F9BEDDDB920BBFA84" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30A460F9BEDDDB9230AFC41" bold="true" box="[199,322,942,968]" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30A460F9A65DDB82013FC41" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[335,603,943,969]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="13" pageNumber="298" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="potiguar" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30A460F9A65DDB82013FC41" box="[335,603,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">Rhynchonema potiguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30A460F9940DDB82082FC40" bold="true" box="[618,714,943,969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB30A460F9940DDB82082FC40" box="[618,714,943,969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="298" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is characterized by an annulated cuticle with somatic setae throughout the body, with no distribution pattern. The annules are wider in the anterior portion of the body up to 2/3 of the pharynx. 18 to 22 cuticular annules anterior to the amphideal fovea. Sexual dimorphism in relation to the fovea shape absent. Amphideal fovea circular, slightly larger in males, occupying the equivalent to three annules width in males (61–69% corresponding body diameter). In females, it corresponds to 39–44% of the body diameter and it occupies the equivalent length of two annules of the cuticle, although it is possible to see in the lateral region that one of the annules widens and accommodates practically the entire length of the amphideal fovea. Spicules are arched and have a spoon-shaped proximal portion. Gubernaculum with a developed dorsal-caudal apophysis. Three precloacal papilliform supplements. Female with leaf-shaped sclerotization in the vaginal region. Tail conical corresponding to 3.4–5 cloacal or anal body diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2104436B30A460F9BEDDB012184F8C4" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,1869]" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30A460F9BEDDB01239EFAB9" bold="true" box="[199,470,1302,1328]" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30A460F9ACFDB0020BAFAB9" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[485,754,1303,1329]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="13" pageNumber="298" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="potiguar" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30A460F9ACFDB0020BAFAB9" box="[485,754,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">Rhynchonema potiguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30A460F9828DB00212CFAB8" bold="true" box="[770,868,1303,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB30A460F9828DB00212CFAB8" box="[770,868,1303,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="298" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differentiates from other species of the genus by the presence of the circular amphideal fovea, where sexual dimorphism is not very evident, with a slightly larger amphideal fovea in males, spicules and gubernaculum apophysis morphology, in addition to the presence of precloacal supplements. The species that most resemble
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30A460F9867DB94261EFA15" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[845,1110,1411,1437]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="13" pageNumber="298" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="potiguar" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30A460F9867DB94261EFA15" box="[845,1110,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">Rhynchonema potiguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30A460F9F4BDB94268EFA14" bold="true" box="[1121,1222,1411,1437]" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB30A460F9F4BDB942688FA14" box="[1121,1216,1411,1437]" pageId="13" pageNumber="298" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
are
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30A460F9FD4DB94207FFA48" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30A460F9FD4DB94235AFA48" authorityName="Tauheed &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2017" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="13" pageNumber="298" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="annulatum">Rhynchonema annulatum</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30A460F9A08DBB0207FFA48" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[290,567,1447,1473]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="13" pageNumber="298" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevituba">Rhynchonema brevituba</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30A460F9953DBB021C1FA48" box="[633,905,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30A460F9953DBB021CDFA48" authorityName="Vitiello" authorityYear="1967" box="[633,901,1447,1473]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="13" pageNumber="298" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gerlachi">Rhynchonema gerlachi</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
These species have similar amphideal fovea (circular) morphology, which are slightly larger in males and located at the end of the pharyngostome. Additionally, somatic setae are present spaced along the body, symmetrical spicules and gubernaculum with the presence of an apophysis. Nevertheless, spicules and gubernaculum morphologies are divergent.
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30A460F9F5ED8042758F9A4" authorityName="Tauheed &amp; Ahmad" authorityYear="2017" box="[1140,1296,1555,1581]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="13" pageNumber="298" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="annulatum">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30A460F9F5ED8042758F9A4" box="[1140,1296,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">R. annulatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has slender and shorter spicules (19–20 μm long), slightly curved ventrally with small capitulum and gubernaculum with the anterior part surrounding distal portion of the spicules, together with the presence of the handle-shaped dorsal-caudal apophysis.
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30A460F9A43D86823BCF910" authorityName="Gerlach" authorityYear="1953" box="[361,500,1663,1689]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="13" pageNumber="298" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevituba">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30A460F9A43D86823BCF910" box="[361,500,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">R. brevituba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has shorter spicules (22 μm long), nearly perpendicular curvature (L-shaped) and gubernaculum with dorsal apophysis.
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30A460F9967D8B42084F934" authorityName="Vitiello" authorityYear="1967" box="[589,716,1699,1725]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="13" pageNumber="298" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gerlachi">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30A460F9967D8B42084F934" box="[589,716,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">R. gerlachi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spicules are also shorter (21 μm long) with swollen proximal end and bifurcated distal end, gubernaculum with rectangular dorso-caudal apophysis (
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30A460F9F59D8D026DAF969" box="[1139,1170,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">vs.</emphasis>
in
<taxonomicName id="25AF3FB5B30A460F9F92D8D02771F969" authorityName="Mota &amp; Neres &amp; Esteves" authorityYear="2025" box="[1208,1337,1735,1760]" class="Chromadorea" family="Xyalidae" genus="Rhynchonema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Monhysterida" pageId="13" pageNumber="298" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="potiguar" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30A460F9F92D8D02771F969" box="[1208,1337,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">R. potiguar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D0DB9824B30A460F9E6BD8D027D4F968" bold="true" box="[1345,1436,1735,1761]" pageId="13" pageNumber="298">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE8255FB30A460F9E6BD8D027D4F968" box="[1345,1436,1735,1761]" pageId="13" pageNumber="298" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
spicules larger in relation to the three species with a length of 34–37 μm, presenting a curved, cephalized and spoon-shaped proximal region, presenting gubernaculum with a dorso-caudal apophysis). Additionally, none of the species have pre-cloacal supplements, a characteristic present in the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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131
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<mods:title id="014DEFDF7E23DAEB43D27FE80627782B">Carolaia nom. nov.: A replacement name for Caroliniella Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="F00C36861B42FFBBFF7E780092E8FBEE" blockId="1.[151,1437,1048,1327]" box="[151,473,1048,1075]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">
<heading id="AB4481EA1B42FFBBFF7E780092E8FBEE" bold="true" box="[151,473,1048,1075]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" reason="1">
<emphasis id="C2C7EA941B42FFBBFF7E780092E8FBEE" bold="true" box="[151,473,1048,1075]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="37B34D051B42FFBBFF0778019269FBEE" authorityName="Cadena-Castañeda" authorityYear="2025" box="[238,344,1048,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Carolaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="nom. nov.">
<emphasis id="C2C7EA941B42FFBBFF0778019269FBEE" bold="true" box="[238,344,1048,1075]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">Carolaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D9F457EF1B42FFBBFE89780092E8FBEE" box="[352,473,1049,1075]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B8A9650D1B42FFBBFF7E782697E9FB42" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="F00C36861B42FFBBFF7E7826908EFB8A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1048,1327]" box="[151,959,1087,1111]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="C2C7EA941B42FFBBFF7E7826921AFB8A" bold="true" box="[151,299,1087,1111]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" reason="1">
<typeStatus id="2F0888241B42FFBBFF7E782693FEFB8A" box="[151,207,1087,1111]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="37B34D051B42FFBBFED878269037FB8A" ID-CoL="69DL7" authority="Cadena-Castaneda, 2015" authorityName="Cadena-Castaneda" authorityYear="2015" box="[305,774,1087,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caroliniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosea">
<emphasis id="C2C7EA941B42FFBBFED8782692C5FB8A" box="[305,500,1087,1111]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">Caroliniella rosea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="94224B771B42FFBBFE1378269037FB8A" author="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J." box="[506,774,1087,1111]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" pagination="97 - 126" refId="ref413" refString="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. (2015) Las tribus Scudderiini n. stat., Ectemnini n. trib. y Percynini n. trib. (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae): Quinto aporte a la organizacion supragenerica de los faneropterinos neotropicales. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 56, 97-126." type="journal article" year="2015">Cadena-Castañeda, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, here designated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F00C36861B42FFBBFF2E787A97E9FB42" blockId="1.[151,1437,1048,1327]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">
<taxonomicName id="37B34D051B42FFBBFF2E787A9217FBA6" authorityName="Cadena-Castañeda" authorityYear="2025" box="[199,294,1123,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Carolaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="nom. nov.">
<emphasis id="C2C7EA941B42FFBBFF2E787A9217FBA6" box="[199,294,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">Carolaia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C2C7EA941B42FFBBFEDD787A9298FBA6" bold="true" box="[308,425,1123,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D9F457EF1B42FFBBFEDD787A9298FBA6" box="[308,425,1123,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is proposed as an objective replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="37B34D051B42FFBBFC17787A96ADFBA6" ID-CoL="8NP2L" authority="Cadena-Castaneda, 2015" authorityName="Cadena-Castaneda" authorityYear="2015" box="[1022,1436,1123,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caroliniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2C7EA941B42FFBBFC17787A974EFBA6" box="[1022,1151,1123,1147]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">Caroliniella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="94224B771B42FFBBFB64787A96ADFBA6" author="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J." box="[1165,1436,1123,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" pagination="97 - 126" refId="ref413" refString="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. (2015) Las tribus Scudderiini n. stat., Ectemnini n. trib. y Percynini n. trib. (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae): Quinto aporte a la organizacion supragenerica de los faneropterinos neotropicales. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 56, 97-126." type="journal article" year="2015">Cadena-Castañeda, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
preoccupied, as it is a junior homonym of
<taxonomicName id="37B34D051B42FFBBFDB3789E9068FB42" ID-CoL="8NP2L" authority="Blair, 1940" authorityName="Blair" authorityYear="1940" box="[602,857,1159,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Caroliniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2C7EA941B42FFBBFDB3789E91EAFB42" box="[602,731,1159,1183]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">Caroliniella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="94224B771B42FFBBFD0B789E9068FB42" author="Blair, K. G." box="[738,857,1159,1183]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" pagination="131 - 157" refId="ref350" refString="Blair, K. G. (1940) Coleoptera from the Caroline Islands. Occasional Papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 16 (6), 131-157." type="journal article" year="1940">Blair, 1940</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(:149) (
<taxonomicName id="37B34D051B42FFBBFC46789E971BFB42" ID-CoL="C2L" box="[943,1066,1159,1183]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
: Cerambicidae).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B8A9650D1B42FFBBFF2E78B29019FAF2" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="F00C36861B42FFBBFF2E78B2962CFB3A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1048,1327]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">
<emphasis id="C2C7EA941B42FFBBFF2E78B29279FB1E" bold="true" box="[199,328,1195,1219]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
The original dedicatory to my wife
<taxonomicName id="37B34D051B42FFBBFD2378B29042FB1E" authority="Cortes" authorityName="Cortes" box="[714,883,1195,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Carolina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carolina Cortes</taxonomicName>
is preserved. The ending -
<emphasis id="C2C7EA941B42FFBBFB6678B29780FB1F" box="[1167,1201,1195,1218]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">aia</emphasis>
refers to its closeness to the genus
<taxonomicName id="37B34D051B42FFBBFEF678D69185FB3A" authority="Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1891" box="[287,692,1231,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Ceraia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2C7EA941B42FFBBFEF678D69258FB3B" box="[287,361,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">Ceraia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="94224B771B42FFBBFE8678D69185FB3A" author="Brunner von Wattenwyl, C." box="[367,692,1231,1255]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" pagination="1 - 196" refId="ref383" refString="Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1891) Additamenta zur Monographie der Phaneropteriden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich- Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 41, 1-196." type="journal article" year="1891">Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The gender of the name is being established as feminine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F00C36861B42FFBBFF2E78EA9059FAD6" blockId="1.[151,1437,1048,1327]" box="[199,872,1267,1291]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">
<taxonomicName id="37B34D051B42FFBBFF2E78EA91B8FAD6" authority="(Cadena-Castaneda, 2015)" authorityName="Cadena-Castañeda" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Cadena-Castaneda" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[199,649,1267,1291]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Carolaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rosea" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="C2C7EA941B42FFBBFF2E78EA9256FAD6" box="[199,359,1267,1291]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">Carolaia rosea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="94224B771B42FFBBFE9C78EA91B3FAD6" author="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J." box="[373,642,1267,1291]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" pagination="97 - 126" refId="ref413" refString="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. (2015) Las tribus Scudderiini n. stat., Ectemnini n. trib. y Percynini n. trib. (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae): Quinto aporte a la organizacion supragenerica de los faneropterinos neotropicales. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 56, 97-126." type="journal article" year="2015">Cadena-Castañeda, 2015</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C2C7EA941B42FFBBFD7978EA91C0FAD6" bold="true" box="[656,753,1267,1291]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D9F457EF1B42FFBBFD7978EA91C0FAD6" box="[656,753,1267,1291]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="88A476161B42FFBBFD1E78EA9055FAD6" box="[759,868,1267,1291]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F00C36861B42FFBBFF2E790E9019FAF2" blockId="1.[151,1437,1048,1327]" box="[199,808,1303,1327]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">
<taxonomicName id="37B34D051B42FFBBFF2E790E916BFAF2" authority="(Gorochov, 2017)" authorityName="Cadena-Castañeda" authorityYear="2025" baseAuthorityName="Gorochov" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[199,602,1303,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="Carolaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pichincha" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="C2C7EA941B42FFBBFF2E790E92A7FAF2" box="[199,406,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">Carolaia pichincha</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="94224B771B42FFBBFE4D790E9162FAF2" author="Gorochov, A. V." box="[420,595,1303,1327]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" pagination="300 - 319" refId="ref525" refString="Gorochov, A. V. (2017) Systematics of the American katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Communication 7. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 321 (3), 300-319. https://doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2017.321.3.300" type="journal article" year="2017">Gorochov, 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="C2C7EA941B42FFBBFD88790E91F3FAF2" bold="true" box="[609,706,1303,1327]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D9F457EF1B42FFBBFD88790E91F3FAF2" box="[609,706,1303,1327]" pageId="1" pageNumber="400" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="88A476161B42FFBBFD20790E9015FAF2" box="[713,804,1303,1327]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="400">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<mods:title id="F650C87D2B404DCF4377BE3EE99E13AA">Macrotrichurus granzottorum, a new species of termitophilous rove beetle from Brazil (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="5DE06542285EFFC1FBCFFF207F09FF73" box="[151,614,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="154536C9285EFFC1FBCFFF207F09FF73" blockId="2.[151,614,151,178]" box="[151,614,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
<heading id="4E0D81A5285EFFC1FBCFFF207F09FF73" bold="true" box="[151,614,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" reason="1">
<emphasis id="278EEADB285EFFC1FBCFFF207F09FF73" bold="true" box="[151,614,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="D2FA4D4A285EFFC1FBB6FF207F09FF73" ID-CoL="8XMK6" authority="Silvestri, 1946" authorityName="Silverstri" authorityYear="1946" box="[238,614,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Macrotrichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="278EEADB285EFFC1FBB6FF207CC1FF70" bold="true" box="[238,430,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Macrotrichurus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="716B4B38285EFFC1FAEEFF207F09FF73" author="Silvestri, F." box="[438,614,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" pagination="299 - 334" refId="ref5074" refString="Silvestri, F. (1946) Descrizioni e notizie de Staphylinidae termitofili sud-americana. Pontificia Accademia dele Scienze, 10, 299-334." type="journal article" year="1946">Silvestri, 1946</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="154536C9285EFFC1FBCFFF6B7EF7FF36" blockId="2.[151,920,219,244]" box="[151,920,219,244]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
<bibRefCitation id="716B4B38285EFFC1FBCFFF6B7C3FFF36" author="Silvestri, F." box="[151,336,219,244]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" pagination="299 - 334" refId="ref5074" refString="Silvestri, F. (1946) Descrizioni e notizie de Staphylinidae termitofili sud-americana. Pontificia Accademia dele Scienze, 10, 299-334." type="journal article" year="1946">Silvestri, 1946: 11</bibRefCitation>
(original description);
<bibRefCitation id="716B4B38285EFFC1F963FF6B7F92FF36" author="Seevers, C. H." box="[571,765,219,244]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref5032" refString="Seevers, C. H. (1957) A monograph on the termitophilous Staphylinidae (Coleoptera). Fieldiana Zoology, 40, 1-334. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3797" type="journal article" year="1957">Seevers, 1957: 189</bibRefCitation>
(redescription)
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<heading id="4E0D81A5285EFFC1FBCFFE967C52FEF9" bold="true" box="[151,317,289,315]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" reason="1">
<emphasis id="278EEADB285EFFC1FBCFFE967C52FEF9" bold="true" box="[151,317,289,315]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Redescription</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="154536C9285EFFC1FB9FFEF27FCDFDFA" blockId="2.[151,1437,289,820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="278EEADB285EFFC1FB9FFEF27C2DFE9D" bold="true" box="[199,322,325,351]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D2FA4D4A285EFFC1FA1EFEF17C99FEA2" authorityName="Silverstri" authorityYear="1946" box="[326,502,326,352]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Macrotrichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="278EEADB285EFFC1FA1EFEF17C99FEA2" box="[326,502,326,352]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Macrotrichurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized from other genera in the Subtribe
<taxonomicName id="D2FA4D4A285EFFC1FF6AFEF1798CFEA2" box="[1074,1251,326,352]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Termitonannina">Termitonannina</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: Head prognathous, with elongated maxilla and labial palpi. Ligula acute and prominent or broadly rounded and indistinct, with labial palpi narrow and stout. Antennae moderate to deeply inserted under anterior region of vertex, 10-articled, antennomere 4 very short and transverse. Mentum fused to submentum, anterior margin of mentum slightly emarginate medially and elongated prementum. Abdomen fusiform and slightly physogastric ventrally, tergite IX shaped as a unique piece, narrow and with dense pilosity, slightly emarginate medially. Last tarsomere of hind tarsus conate.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="5DE06542285EFFC1FB9FFDF57808FCF6" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="154536C9285EFFC1FB9FFDF57808FCF6" blockId="2.[151,1437,289,820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="278EEADB285EFFC1FB9FFDF57C54FD9E" bold="true" box="[199,315,578,604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Remarks.</emphasis>
The genus
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<emphasis id="278EEADB285EFFC1FA92FDF57F15FD9E" box="[458,634,578,604]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Macrotrichurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described to include two Brazilian species, primarily distinguished by chaetotaxic characters. Additionally,
<bibRefCitation id="716B4B38285EFFC1F9AFFDD17EC9FD42" author="Silvestri, F." box="[759,934,614,640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" pagination="299 - 334" refId="ref5074" refString="Silvestri, F. (1946) Descrizioni e notizie de Staphylinidae termitofili sud-americana. Pontificia Accademia dele Scienze, 10, 299-334." type="journal article" year="1946">Silvestri (1946)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="716B4B38285EFFC1F886FDD179E8FD43" author="Seevers, C. H." box="[990,1159,614,641]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 334" refId="ref5032" refString="Seevers, C. H. (1957) A monograph on the termitophilous Staphylinidae (Coleoptera). Fieldiana Zoology, 40, 1-334. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3797" type="journal article" year="1957">Seevers (1957)</bibRefCitation>
noted that the unusually elongated prementum and an acute ligula were distinctive features that separated
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<emphasis id="278EEADB285EFFC1FF46FD3D79A1FD66" box="[1054,1230,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Macrotrichurus</emphasis>
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from other genera within
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, particularly
<emphasis id="278EEADB285EFFC1F96FFD187FB1FD0A" box="[567,734,687,712]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Termitonnanus</emphasis>
(
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). All specimens of
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<emphasis id="278EEADB285EFFC1FF2BFD18785BFD0A" box="[1139,1332,687,712]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">M. granzottorum</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3CBD57A0285EFFC1FE67FD1978F3FD0A" box="[1343,1436,686,712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
examined here lack the acute ligula, although other characteristics identified by these authors are present.Furthermore, the fourth and fifth tarsomeres of the hind tarsi are separated by a clear line of division a trait that, while notable, requires examination in other genera to determine whether it is a diagnostic feature unique to
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<emphasis id="278EEADB285EFFC1FFE8FCAD780FFCF6" box="[1200,1376,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">Macrotrichurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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146
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@ -414,7 +416,7 @@ Metatarsus. Scales: A, B = 50 µm; C = 100 µm.
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(
<collectionCode id="73EBAE0C2857FFC8F9D6F9C97FBDF95A" box="[654,722,1662,1688]" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">CESP</collectionCode>
, in alcohol 98%), labels: “Fazenda Três Palmeiras / Amambaí, MS, BR /
, in alcohol 98%), labels: “
<location id="102560122857FFC8FF58F9C97860F95A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9D5387DF285EFFCDFBCFFC327906FA33:102560122857FFC8FF58F9C97860F95A" box="[1024,1295,1662,1688]" country="BR" name="Fazenda Tres Palmeiras" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" stateProvince="MS">Fazenda Três Palmeiras</location>
/
<location id="102560122857FFC8FE7FF9C978F7F95A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9D5387DF285EFFCDFBCFFC327906FA33:102560122857FFC8FE7FF9C978F7F95A" box="[1319,1432,1662,1688]" country="BR" name="Amambai" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" stateProvince="MS">Amambaí</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="D73EF82B2857FFC8FBCFF9157DADF97E" box="[151,194,1698,1724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">MS</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="6DED76592857FFC8FB94F9147D9EF97F" box="[204,241,1699,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">BR</collectingCountry>
/
<date id="614410092857FFC8FA5DF9157CFFF97E" box="[261,400,1698,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" value="2024-09-21">
<collectingDate id="7100E9E12857FFC8FA5DF9157CFFF97E" box="[261,400,1698,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" value="2024-09-21">21. IX. 2024</collectingDate>
</date>
@ -430,12 +440,10 @@ Metatarsus. Scales: A, B = 50 µm; C = 100 µm.
<collectorName id="B80F531F2857FFC8FA8AF9157F21F97F" box="[466,590,1698,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">C. Moreno</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="B80F531F2857FFC8F900F9147FA1F97E" box="[600,718,1698,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">R. F. Silva</collectorName>
” // “
<typeStatus id="CA41886B2857FFC8F9A5F9157EF6F97E" box="[765,921,1698,1724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
”
” // “HOLOTYPE”
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="A5923C942857FFC8F8F4F9157D92F922" collectingDate="2024-09-21" collectionCode="CESP" collectorName="C. Moreno &amp; R. F. Silva" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<materialsCitation id="A5923C942857FFC8F8F4F9157D92F922" collectingDate="2024-09-21" collectionCode="CESP" collectorName="C. Moreno &amp; R. F. Silva" country="Brazil" location="Fazenda Tres Palmeiras" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="278EEADB2857FFC8F8F4F915793FF97E" bold="true" box="[940,1104,1698,1724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">
<typeStatus id="CA41886B2857FFC8F8F4F915793FF97E" box="[940,1104,1698,1724]" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
@ -446,34 +454,42 @@ Metatarsus. Scales: A, B = 50 µm; C = 100 µm.
), same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="A5923C942857FFC8FA5FF9707DB8F8C6" collectionCode="MZSP, MPEG" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" specimenCode="MZSP 21471" specimenCount="16" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="10" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="03FCFD402857FFC8FA5FF9707CC2F923" box="[263,429,1735,1761]" count="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">Four paratypes</specimenCount>
<materialsCitation id="A5923C942857FFC8FA5FF9707EB2F922" box="[263,989,1734,1761]" collectingDate="2024-09-21" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="C. Moreno &amp; R. F. Silva" country="Brazil" location="Fazenda Tres Palmeiras" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" specimenCode="MZSP 21471" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
Four
<typeStatus id="CA41886B2857FFC8FA1AF9707CC2F923" box="[322,429,1735,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">paratypes</typeStatus>
to be sent to
<collectionCode id="73EBAE0C2857FFC8F918F9717FE7F922" box="[576,648,1734,1760]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="73EBAE0C2857FFC8F918F9717FE7F922" box="[576,648,1734,1760]" collectionName="Brazil, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">MZSP</collectionCode>
(
<specimenCount id="03FCFD402857FFC8F9CFF9717FAEF923" box="[663,705,1734,1761]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="03FCFD402857FFC8F9AEF9717E71F922" box="[758,798,1734,1760]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
) (
<specimenCode id="455C9EB22857FFC8F86FF9717EBEF922" box="[823,977,1734,1760]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" type="Museum">MZSP 21471</specimenCode>
), four to FMNH (
<specimenCode id="455C9EB22857FFC8F86FF9717EBEF922" box="[823,977,1734,1760]" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">MZSP 21471</specimenCode>
),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="A5923C942857FFC8F8BCF9717998F922" box="[996,1271,1734,1761]" collectingDate="2024-09-21" collectionCode="FMNH" collectorName="C. Moreno &amp; R. F. Silva" country="Brazil" location="Fazenda Tres Palmeiras" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" specimenCode="MZSP 21471" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
four to
<collectionCode id="73EBAE0C2857FFC8FF6DF97079E9F923" box="[1077,1158,1735,1761]" collectionName="USA, Illinois, Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History (also used by Finnish Museum of Natural History)" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">FMNH</collectionCode>
(
<specimenCount id="03FCFD402857FFC8FFCCF97179D0F922" box="[1172,1215,1734,1760]" count="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
) and four to
<collectionCode id="73EBAE0C2857FFC8FE16F97178F3F922" box="[1358,1436,1734,1760]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">MPEG</collectionCode>
) and
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="A5923C942857FFC8FFA5F9717DB8F8C6" collectingDate="2024-09-21" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="C. Moreno &amp; R. F. Silva" country="Brazil" location="Fazenda Tres Palmeiras" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" specimenCode="MZSP 21471" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Mato Grosso do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
four to
<collectionCode id="73EBAE0C2857FFC8FE16F97178F3F922" box="[1358,1436,1734,1760]" collectionName="Brazil, Para, Belem, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">MPEG</collectionCode>
(
<specimenCount id="03FCFD402857FFC8FBF8F95D7DA2F8C6" box="[160,205,1770,1796]" count="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="A5923C942857FFC8FBB8F95D7956F8C6" box="[224,1081,1770,1797]" collectingDate="2024-09-21" collectionCode="CESP" collectorName="C. Moreno &amp; R. F. Silva" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="3">
<typeStatus id="CA41886B2857FFC8FBB8F95D7CD1F8C6" box="[224,446,1770,1796]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">Additional material</typeStatus>
.
<specimenCount id="03FCFD402857FFC8FA91F95D7C9CF8C7" box="[457,499,1770,1797]" count="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="03FCFD402857FFC8F971F95D7F3CF8C7" box="[553,595,1770,1797]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype, dissected on slides
</materialsCitation>
.
, same data as
<typeStatus id="CA41886B2857FFC8F9AEF95D7E34F8C6" box="[758,859,1770,1796]" pageId="11" pageNumber="96">holotype</typeStatus>
, dissected on slides.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5DE065422857FFC8FB9FF8B97F67F87A" pageId="11" pageNumber="96" type="discussion">