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<document id="44860456DAF643E79D9443B9803B8CDA" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13346783" ID-ZooBank="EE066C4A-88D3-4763-94D4-1F5BFF90ABE4" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1724133282199" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nielsen, Dalton Tavares Bressane &amp; Ohara, Willian Massaharu" docDate="2024" docId="F16887FDBF663955FF17F95F26622771" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5496.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5496 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Melanorivulus melanopterus Nielsen &amp; Ohara, 2024, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="338" masterDocId="0D51FF85BF673953FF80FFE42507266C" masterDocTitle="A new restricted-range Melanorivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the upper rio Guaporé, Chapada dos Parecis, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="332" pageNumber="333" updateTime="1724133796966" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2A60D4118A86A21B003C8C5380169EEE">
<mods:title id="86C1C725837C487AD2D871B3E1E2EE17">A new restricted-range Melanorivulus (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the upper rio Guaporé, Chapada dos Parecis, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B61765E44C6FF018D8329DCA05E5756C">Nielsen, Dalton Tavares Bressane</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DB418EAB1FBE76D97BB1AE82FFC0DBE4">Universidade de Taubaté, UNITAU, Laboratório de Zoologia, Departamento de Biologia, Av. Tiradentes 180, 12030 - 180, Taubaté, SP, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E4E8F6578527E3CB13566DF66A7A223C">Ohara, Willian Massaharu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C2D25B9E04D60A99A03FB8E1C779F202">Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Departamento de Biologia, Av. Rodrigo Otávio, Japiim, 69077 - 000, Manaus, AM, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0722397AEA3D4FFB1A80A7C74E815519">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="AA753B50E006DFF11B11E4BE4E6206FB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3FEF6DEFBD002A03950AEBA172F10AC7">
<mods:date id="3DE8DD343A9509CA8DC404443FC78428">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="01245E593F7DF598E114A6E93858C77D">2024-08-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="3D0D8D65E01E7A9AD8D9BE28975926CD" type="volume">
<mods:number id="92287C78F65B7A4F5BDEED73FBB5F999">5496</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6DF3A33294E27FA04ACAB3D3D835BACD">3</mods:number>
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<mods:location id="6841F468603CB48DCFBED9F20B47A3EA">
<mods:url id="101C223B20B4E2384936F686BD8AC08B">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.2</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="E75C42F6EA47FAB21E19F4B93DD81844">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C94F2682741FD30DD9129F0A5CF71FA7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5496.3.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0EF2D4DB67743BB5DED3C8A426F03B88" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C5FA2B5C0A18A06BF11A5ABBC1B986B4" type="Zenodo-Dep">13346783</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F16887FDBF663955FF17F95F26622771" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13346773" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F16887FDBF663955FF17F95F26622771" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F16887FDBF663955FF17F95F26622771" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">
<subSubSection id="31DB6560BF663952FF17F95F279420BA" box="[151,659,1723,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF663952FF17F95F279420BA" blockId="1.[151,659,1723,1786]" box="[151,659,1723,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">
<heading id="22368187BF663952FF17F95F279420BA" bold="true" box="[151,659,1723,1750]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF663952FF17F95F279420BA" bold="true" box="[151,659,1723,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF663952FF17F95F24FB20BA" bold="true" box="[151,508,1723,1750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF663952FF17F95F24F120BA" authorityName="Nielsen &amp; Ohara" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,502,1723,1750]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus" status="sp. nov.">Melanorivulus melanopterus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="50865782BF663952FD83F958279420BA" box="[515,659,1724,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="31DB6560BF663952FF17F90424422096" box="[151,325,1760,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" type="description">
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF663952FF17F90424422096" blockId="1.[151,659,1723,1786]" box="[151,325,1760,1786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">
(
<figureCitation id="E1FA2A6EBF663952FF20F90425DA2096" box="[160,221,1760,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,450,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-146@2.[151,1436,450,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Coloration in life of Melanorivulus melanopterus: a) INPA 60664, holotype, male, 30.2 mm SL; b) male, 25.2 mm; c) female, 21.8 mm SL, from INPA 60665, paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346785/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">Fig.1</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="34430350BF663952FF69F904243D2096" box="[233,314,1760,1786]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,244,686,712]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data for the holotype (H) and paratypes (P) of Melanorivulus melanopterus." pageId="1" pageNumber="333">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="31DB6560BF663952FF17F8CC2627219A" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF663952FF17F8CC271B21E6" blockId="1.[151,1436,1832,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">
<materialsCitation id="C9A93CB6BF663952FF17F8CC271B21E6" collectingDate="2020-02-20" collectionCode="V" collectorName="W. M. Ohara &amp; D. Zdradek &amp; Souza" country="Brazil" county="Conquista do Oeste" elevation="643" latitude="-14.501384" location="upper rio Guapore" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-59.423897" municipality="rio Galera" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" specimenCode="INPA 60664" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF663952FF17F8CC240C212E" bold="true" box="[151,267,1832,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">
<typeStatus id="A67A8849BF663952FF17F8CC2401212E" box="[151,262,1832,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="29679E90BF663952FE94F8CC24A4212E" box="[276,419,1832,1858]" collectionCode="INPA" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">INPA 60664</specimenCode>
, male,
<quantity id="BE399B0EBF663952FE76F8CC275B212F" box="[502,604,1832,1859]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.02" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="30.2">30.2 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingCountry id="01D6767BBF663952FD15F8CC27DB212E" box="[661,732,1832,1858]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="BB05F809BF663952FD69F8CD2678212E" box="[745,895,1832,1859]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="901F4E67BF663952FC0DF8CC2168212E" box="[909,1135,1832,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">Conquista do Oeste</collectingCounty>
, headwaters of
<collectingMunicipality id="991AAC91BF663952FAA3F8CC209F212E" box="[1315,1432,1832,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">rio Galera</collectingMunicipality>
, tributary of the right bank of the
<location id="7C1E6030BF663952FD92F8A927E2210A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F16887FDBF663955FF17F95F26622771:7C1E6030BF663952FD92F8A927E2210A" box="[530,741,1868,1895]" country="Brazil" county="Conquista do Oeste" latitude="-14.501384" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-59.423897" municipality="rio Galera" name="upper rio Guapore" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">upper rio Guaporé</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="1CF5502CBF663952FD72F8A82680210A" box="[754,903,1868,1894]" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" precision="1" seconds="4.98" value="-14.501384">14°30'4.98&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="1CF5502CBF663952FC0FF8A82143210B" box="[911,1092,1868,1895]" degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" precision="1" seconds="26.03" value="-59.423897">59°25'26.03&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="F2ECD1D8BF663952FBD1F8A821DF210A" box="[1105,1240,1868,1895]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.43" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="643.0">
<quantity id="BE399B0EBF663952FBD1F8A8219E210B" box="[1105,1177,1868,1895]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.43" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" unit="m" value="643.0">643 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
;
<collectorName id="D434533DBF663952FB66F8A92073210A" box="[1254,1396,1868,1895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">W.M. Ohara</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="D434533DBF663952FA01F8A925F321E6" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">D. Zdradek</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="1FD0AE2EBF663952FE98F895242B21E7" box="[280,300,1905,1931]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="D434533DBF663952FEB6F894247A21E6" box="[310,381,1904,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">Souza</collectorName>
,
<date id="0D7F102BBF663952FE09F894271E21E6" box="[393,537,1904,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" value="2020-02-20">
<collectingDate id="1D3BE9C3BF663952FE09F894271E21E6" box="[393,537,1904,1930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" value="2020-02-20">20 Feb 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF663952FF47F8702627219A" blockId="1.[151,1436,1832,2039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">
<materialsCitation id="C9A93CB6BF663952FF47F87027B021BE" collectionCode="INPA" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" specimenCode="INPA 60665" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="5" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF663952FF47F870244121C2" bold="true" box="[199,326,1940,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">
<typeStatus id="A67A8849BF663952FF47F870244621C2" box="[199,321,1940,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="29679E90BF663952FECEF87024DB21C3" box="[334,476,1940,1967]" collectionCode="INPA" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm88-499z" name="Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">INPA 60665</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="6FC7FD62BF663952FE68F870274521C2" box="[488,578,1940,1966]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="BE399B0EBF663952FDCEF87027F521C3" box="[590,754,1940,1967]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.645" metricValueMax="2.77" metricValueMin="2.52" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="26.45" valueMax="27.7" valueMin="25.2">25.2–27.7 mm</quantity>
SL,
<specimenCount id="6FC7FD62BF663952FCA8F870269F21C2" box="[808,920,1940,1966]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="BE399B0EBF663952FC24F870214F21C3" box="[932,1096,1940,1967]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.59" metricValueMax="2.75" metricValueMin="2.43" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="25.9" valueMax="27.5" valueMin="24.3">24.3–27.5 mm</quantity>
SL; CPUFMT 8596,
<specimenCount id="6FC7FD62BF663952FABEF870209F21C2" box="[1342,1432,1940,1966]" count="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="BE399B0EBF663952FF17F85C243D21BF" box="[151,314,1976,2003]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.715" metricValueMax="2.86" metricValueMin="2.57" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="27.15" valueMax="28.6" valueMin="25.7">25.7–28.6 mm</quantity>
SL,
<specimenCount id="6FC7FD62BF663952FEF0F85C24D821BE" box="[368,479,1976,2002]" count="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="BE399B0EBF663952FE6AF85C278A21BF" box="[490,653,1976,2003]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.305" metricValueMax="2.43" metricValueMin="2.18" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="23.05" valueMax="24.3" valueMin="21.8">21.8–24.3 mm</quantity>
SL
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="C9A93CB6BF663952FD43F85C261B219A" collectingDate="2020-02-20" collectionCode="ZUEC" collectorName="W. M. Ohara &amp; D. Zdradek &amp; Souza" country="Brazil" county="Conquista do Oeste" elevation="643" latitude="-14.501384" location="upper rio Guapore" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-59.423897" municipality="rio Galera" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" specimenCode="ZUEC 18282" specimenCount="19" specimenCount-female="9" specimenCount-male="10" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="29679E90BF663952FD43F85C265B21BE" box="[707,860,1976,2002]" collectionCode="ZUEC" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9pz2-d68t" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas" pageId="1" pageNumber="333">ZUEC 18282</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="6FC7FD62BF663952FCE7F85C26C921BE" box="[871,974,1976,2002]" count="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" type="male">10 males</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="BE399B0EBF663952FC5AF85C217A21BF" box="[986,1149,1976,2003]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4799999999999995" metricValueMax="2.9699999999999998" metricValueMin="1.9899999999999998" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="24.799999999999997" valueMax="29.7" valueMin="19.9">19.9–29.7 mm</quantity>
SL,
<specimenCount id="6FC7FD62BF663952FB32F85C202621BE" box="[1202,1313,1976,2002]" count="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" type="female">9 females</specimenCount>
,
<quantity id="BE399B0EBF663952FAACF85C25C4219B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.255" metricValueMax="2.45" metricValueMin="2.06" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="22.55" valueMax="24.5" valueMin="20.6">20.6–24.5 mm</quantity>
SL, 2 c&amp;s, 18.0–
<quantity id="BE399B0EBF663952FE07F83824EB219B" box="[391,492,2012,2039]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="1" pageNumber="333" unit="mm" value="25.4">25.4 mm</quantity>
SL; same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="31DB6560BF653951FF47FF7225FF27C1" pageId="2" pageNumber="334" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF653951FF47FF7225FF27C1" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF653951FF47FF72244526DC" bold="true" box="[199,322,150,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The new species is distinguished from all other species of
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF653951FC79FF73219B26DD" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="2006" box="[1017,1180,151,177]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF653951FC79FF73219B26DD" box="[1017,1180,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">Melanorivulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, except
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF653951FA81FF73206A26DC" baseAuthorityName="Costa" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[1281,1389,151,176]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF653951FA81FF73206A26DC" box="[1281,1389,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">M. pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF653951FAFEFF73241226B9" baseAuthorityName="Costa &amp; Brasil" baseAuthorityYear="2008" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planaltinus">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF653951FAFEFF73241226B9" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">M. planaltinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Costa &amp;
<collectingCountry id="01D6767BBF653951FE08FF5F24CA26B9" box="[392,461,187,213]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">Brasil</collectingCountry>
) and
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF653951FD8AFF5F269E26B9" authority="Depra, Silva &amp; da Graca" authorityName="Depra, Silva &amp; da Graca" box="[522,921,187,213]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nelsoni">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF653951FD8AFF5F278726B9" box="[522,640,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">M. nelsoni</emphasis>
Deprá, Silva &amp; da Graça
</taxonomicName>
by the absence or extreme reduction of pelvic fin and pelvic girdle (vs. pelvic fin and pelvic girdle well-developed and always present). Males of
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF653951FB79FF3B24282771" authorityName="Nielsen &amp; Ohara" authorityYear="2024" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF653951FB79FF3B24282771" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">Melanorivulus melanopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF653951FDF0FEE727DB2770" baseAuthorityName="Costa" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[624,732,259,284]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF653951FDF0FEE727DB2770" box="[624,732,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">M. pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF653951FD6DFEE726942771" baseAuthorityName="Costa &amp; Brasil" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[749,915,259,285]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planaltinus">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF653951FD6DFEE726942771" box="[749,915,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">M. planaltinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF653951FC50FEE7214D2771" box="[976,1098,259,285]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nelsoni">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF653951FC50FEE7214D2771" box="[976,1098,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">M. nelsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by presence of a black band on whole caudal-fin margin, typically more conspicuous on dorsal and ventral portion (vs. absence of a black band on caudal-fin margin) and by conspicuous, wide dark brown bars, oblique anteriorly and wide chevron-like marks posteriorly to middle of flank (vs. bars narrow, inconspicuous or absent in
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF653951FBACFE8B219327E4" baseAuthorityName="Costa" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[1068,1172,367,392]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pictus">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF653951FBACFE8B219327E4" box="[1068,1172,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">M. pictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF653951FB23FE8B204027E5" baseAuthorityName="Costa &amp; Brasil" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1187,1351,367,393]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planaltinus">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF653951FB23FE8B204027E5" box="[1187,1351,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">M. planaltinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF653951FAFEFE8B25EF27C1" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nelsoni">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF653951FAFEFE8B25EF27C1" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">M. nelsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="2DBE6663BF653951FF17F90427AA2170" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346785" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13346785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346785/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="334" startId="2.[151,250,1760,1784]" targetBox="[151,1436,450,1733]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF653951FF17F90427AA2170" blockId="2.[151,1436,1760,1820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF653951FF17F904240B2094" bold="true" box="[151,268,1760,1784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. Coloration in life of
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF653951FE66F904260E2094" authorityName="Nielsen &amp; Ohara" authorityYear="2024" box="[486,777,1760,1784]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF653951FE66F904260E2094" box="[486,777,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">Melanorivulus melanopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: a) INPA 60664, holotype, male, 30.2 mm SL; b) male, 25.2 mm; c) female, 21.8 mm SL, from INPA 60665, paratype.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="31DB6560BF653956FF47F88A264D2197" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="2" pageNumber="334" type="description">
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF653950FF47F88A24DE272D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1902,2037]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF653951FF47F88A245E21E4" bold="true" box="[199,345,1902,1928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="334">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometric data are presented in Table I. Largest male
<quantity id="BE399B0EBF653951FC75F88A215D21E5" box="[1013,1114,1902,1929]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.02" pageId="2" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="30.2">30.2 mm</quantity>
SL, largest female
<quantity id="BE399B0EBF653951FAB8F88A209A21E5" box="[1336,1437,1902,1929]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.48" pageId="2" pageNumber="334" unit="mm" value="24.8">24.8 mm</quantity>
SL. Body slender, cylindrical and compressed, greatest body depth at level of pelvic-fin base. Dorsal profile slightly convex from snout to the first dorsal-fin ray, slightly concave from last dorsal-fin ray to the end of the caudal fin peduncle; ventral profile slightly convex from lower jaw to anal fin terminus, slightly concave along caudal peduncle. Snout short, rounded. Jaws short. Dorsal-fin rounded, anal fin slightly pointed, without filaments in both sexes; caudal fin rounded in males and female; pelvic fin and pelvic girdle absent. Pectoral fin rounded. Dorsal-fin origin at vertical through the base of the 6
<superScript id="8EB49BA3BF643950FDF3FF3A27872680" attach="left" box="[627,640,222,236]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">th</superScript>
anal-fin ray, between neural spines of vertebrae 20–21, anal-fin origin between pleural ribs of vertebrae 17–18. Dorsal-fin rays 11(28); anal-fin rays 13 (28); caudal-fin rays 33(28); pectoral-fin rays 13–14 (28).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF643950FF47FEAF246A27C1" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">Scales small, cycloid. Frontal squamation F-patterned; F-scales scales not overlapping. Longitudinal series of scales 33–34(24); transverse series of scales 8(24); scale rows around caudal peduncle 16(24); no contact organs on scales and fin rays.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF643950FF47FE53248D2451" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">Cephalic neuromasts: supraorbital 3+3, parietal 1, anterior rostral 1, posterior rostral 1, infraorbital 1+11– 12+1, preorbital 2, otic 2, post-otic 1, supratemporal 1, median opercular 1, ventral opercular 2, preopercular 2+4, mandibular 3+1, lateral mandibular 1, paramandibular 1; two neuromasts on caudal-fin base. Six branchiostegal rays. Vertebrae 30(4).</paragraph>
<caption id="2DBE6663BF643950FF17FD4A201624A5" box="[151,1297,686,713]" pageId="3" pageNumber="335" startId="3.[151,244,686,712]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF643950FF17FD4A201624A5" blockId="3.[151,1297,686,713]" box="[151,1297,686,713]" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF643950FF17FD4A241624A4" bold="true" box="[151,273,686,712]" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric data for the holotype (H) and paratypes (P) of
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF643950FC46FD4B200A24A5" authorityName="Nielsen &amp; Ohara" authorityYear="2024" box="[966,1293,687,713]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="335" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">Melanorivulus melanopterus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF643950FDE9FD3C21E42381" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">
<table id="0BC1C44BBF64C6ACFF23FD3C20142382" box="[163,1299,728,1518]" gridcols="4" gridrows="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">
<tr id="C7F134A9BF64C6ACFF23FD3C20142575" box="[163,1299,728,793]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="335" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFDE9FD3C27CB2575" box="[617,716,728,793]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF643950FDE9FD3C27A72575" bold="true" box="[617,716,728,793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">Holotype Male</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFCD4FD3C26D62575" box="[852,977,728,793]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF643950FCD4FD3C26D62574" bold="true" box="[852,977,728,793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">Paratypes Males n=14</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFBFEFD3C20142575" box="[1150,1299,728,793]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF643950FBFEFD3C20142574" bold="true" box="[1150,1299,728,793]" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">Paratypes Females n=13</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="C7F134A9BF64C6ACFF23FCCD2014252D" box="[163,1299,809,833]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">
<th id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFF23FCCD24B2252D" box="[163,437,809,833]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">Standard length (mm)</th>
<td id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFDE9FCCD27CB252D" box="[617,716,809,833]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">30.2</td>
<td id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFCD4FCCD26D6252D" box="[852,977,809,833]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">19.9–27.7</td>
<td id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFBFEFCCD2014252D" box="[1150,1299,809,833]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">20.6–24.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C7F134A9BF64C6ACFF23FCB52014258E" box="[163,1299,849,994]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">
<th id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFF23FCB524B2258E" box="[163,437,849,994]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">Percents of standard length Body depth Caudal peduncle depth Pre-dorsal length</th>
<td id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFDE9FCB527CB258E" box="[617,716,849,994]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">23.5 15.6 73.8</td>
<td id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFCD4FCB526D6258E" box="[852,977,849,994]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">24.0–25.8 12.2–14.0 68.7–72.9</td>
<td id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFBFEFCB52014258E" box="[1150,1299,849,994]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">20.5–22.7 13.0–13.2 71.3–75.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C7F134A9BF64C6ACFF23FBFF201422C7" box="[163,1299,1051,1195]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">
<th id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFF23FBFF24B222C7" box="[163,437,1051,1195]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">Length of dorsal-fin base Length of anal-fin base Caudal-fin length Pectoral-fin length</th>
<td id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFDE9FBFF27CB22C7" box="[617,716,1051,1195]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">14.9 18.5 24.1 20.5</td>
<td id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFCD4FBFF26D622C7" box="[852,977,1051,1195]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">13.4–16.8 17.2–21.7 24.1–27.2 17.7–20.5</td>
<td id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFBFEFBFF201422C7" box="[1150,1299,1051,1195]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">11.4–16.3 18.2–18.8 20.1–22.7 19.8-22.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C7F134A9BF64C6ACFF23FB0020142290" box="[163,1299,1252,1276]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">
<th id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFF23FB0024B22290" box="[163,437,1252,1276]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">Head length</th>
<td id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFDE9FB0027CB2290" box="[617,716,1252,1276]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">28.5</td>
<td id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFCD4FB0026D62290" box="[852,977,1252,1276]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">25.9–29.3</td>
<td id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFBFEFB0020142290" box="[1150,1299,1252,1276]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">28.3–30.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C7F134A9BF64C6ACFF23FAE820142382" box="[163,1299,1292,1518]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">
<th id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFF23FAE824B22382" box="[163,437,1292,1518]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">Percents of head length Head depth Head width Snout length Lower jaw length Eye diameter</th>
<td id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFDE9FAE827CB2382" box="[617,716,1292,1518]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">74.4 42.9 10.4 20.9 31.4</td>
<td id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFCD4FAE826D62382" box="[852,977,1292,1518]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">69.6–79.9 40.0–52.5 11.1–12.9 16.8–19.2 28.4–38.4</td>
<td id="84205DD5BF64C6ACFBFEFAE820142382" box="[1150,1299,1292,1518]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">56.0–67.7 40.3–44.1 11.9–14.8 18.9–23.8 32.8–37.5</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF643950FF47F9A521FE215F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1601,2023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF643950FF47F9A524882037" bold="true" box="[199,399,1601,1627]" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">Coloration in life</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF643950FE1BF9A524E42037" bold="true" box="[411,483,1601,1627]" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">Males</emphasis>
. Based in photographs taken in field and in aquarium of
<specimenCount id="6FC7FD62BF643950FBCCF9A521C22037" box="[1100,1221,1601,1627]" count="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="335" type="male">four males</specimenCount>
. Sides of body light green with a total of 9–10 wide irregular marks: 4–5 wide, oblique red bars anteriorly and 4–5 wide, red chevron-like marks posteriorly to middle of flank. Dorsum brown; venter whitish; sides of head light yellow, with irregularshaped post-orbital brown blotches from eyes to pectoral fin; jaw brown, iris brownish-red or yellow. Dorsal fin hyaline, with thin metallic green line parallel to the dorsum, distal area iridescent blue. Anal fin pale yellow, base with pale metallic blue and distal area with a brown line. Caudal fin yellow, with wide black pigmentation on distal margin overlaid by iridescent blue pigment. Pectoral fin hyaline yellow, with dark rays (
<figureCitation id="E1FA2A6EBF643950FBF2F8FD21EA215F" box="[1138,1261,1817,1843]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,450,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-146@2.[151,1436,450,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Coloration in life of Melanorivulus melanopterus: a) INPA 60664, holotype, male, 30.2 mm SL; b) male, 25.2 mm; c) female, 21.8 mm SL, from INPA 60665, paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346785/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">Fig. 1A–B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF643957FF47F8D927FC2695" blockId="3.[151,1437,1601,2023]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,681]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="336" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF643950FF47F8D9242E213B" bold="true" box="[199,297,1853,1879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="335">Females</emphasis>
. Based in photographs taken in field and in aquarium of
<specimenCount id="6FC7FD62BF643950FC1DF8D9212F213B" box="[925,1064,1853,1879]" count="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="335" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
. Sides of body light brown, green pigmentation inconspicuous with a total of 9–10 wide irregular marks: 4–5 narrow, oblique red bars anteriorly and 4–5 narrow, red chevron-like marks posteriorly to middle of flank. Abdominal region whitish. Dorsum brown. Side of head light brown with irregular dark brown spots, upper and lower jaws brown; iris pale yellow with brown spots. Dorsal fin with dark pigmentation on distal margin, with irregular blue and green metallic spots. Pectoral fin hyaline. Pelvic fin hyaline with a narrow black stripe on distal margin. Caudal fin with narrow, poorly-defined black stripe on distal margin; middle portion of the fin with reticulate pattern. Black ocellated spot surrounded by white area on dorsal portions of caudal fin base (
<figureCitation id="E1FA2A6EBF633957FDF4FF3B27E82695" box="[628,751,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1760,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,450,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-146@2.[151,1436,450,1733]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Coloration in life of Melanorivulus melanopterus: a) INPA 60664, holotype, male, 30.2 mm SL; b) male, 25.2 mm; c) female, 21.8 mm SL, from INPA 60665, paratype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346785/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Fig. 1C–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF633957FF47FEE621332799" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF633957FF47FEE627212771" bold="true" box="[199,550,258,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Coloration in alcohol. Males.</emphasis>
Dorsal portion of head and trunk brown, lighter ventrally. Lower lip densely pigmented with small melanophores. Ventral portion of head with white spotted pattern. Dorsal portion of opercle and humeral region with diffuse dark blotches. Sides of body brownish, with a total of 9–10 dark brown irregular marks; 4–5 oblique brown bars anteriorly and 4–5, brown chevron-like marks posteriorly to middle of flank. Pectoral fin hyaline. Distal margin of dorsal fin with a dark stripe present or absent in both sexes. Dorsal and caudal fins with conspicuous and clear spotted pattern only in females. Caudal fin with black band along the entire caudal-fin margin in males (, typically more conspicuous on dorsal and ventral portions (
<figureCitation id="E1FA2A6EBF633957FC2CFE3F212F2799" box="[940,1064,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1978,2002]" captionTargetBox="[192,1404,739,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-274@4.[177,1411,705,1954]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Melanorivulus melanopterus: a) holotype, male, 30.2 mm SL, INPA 60664; b) male, 27.7 mm SL, c), female, 21.8 mm SL, d) female, 20.8 mm SL, all from INPA 60665, paratypes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346787/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Fig. 2A–B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF633957FF47FE1A213724C5" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF633957FF47FE1A273D2475" bold="true" box="[199,570,510,537]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Coloration in alcohol. Females.</emphasis>
Sides of body color brownish, with a total of 9–10 wide dark brown irregular marks posteriorly to middle of flank. Dorsum brown; venter beige or white. Side of head on infraorbital and lower opercle regions usually with some dark blotches as in males, jaw brown, iris white. Dorsal fin with irregular thin black spots. Anal fin white with black bar in distal area. Black ocellated spot on dorsal portions of caudal fin base. Caudal fin white, with irregular thin black spots. Pectoral fin hyaline (
<figureCitation id="E1FA2A6EBF633957FC28FD6B212224C5" box="[936,1061,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1978,2002]" captionTargetBox="[192,1404,739,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-274@4.[177,1411,705,1954]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Melanorivulus melanopterus: a) holotype, male, 30.2 mm SL, INPA 60664; b) male, 27.7 mm SL, c), female, 21.8 mm SL, d) female, 20.8 mm SL, all from INPA 60665, paratypes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346787/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Fig. 2C–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="2DBE6663BF633957FF17F85E2637219B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346787" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13346787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346787/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" startId="4.[151,250,1978,2002]" targetBox="[192,1404,739,1929]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF633957FF17F85E2637219B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1978,2039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF633957FF17F85E240A21BE" bold="true" box="[151,269,1978,2002]" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF633957FE99F85F273A21BF" authorityName="Nielsen &amp; Ohara" authorityYear="2024" box="[281,573,1979,2003]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="336" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF633957FE99F85F273A21BF" box="[281,573,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="336">Melanorivulus melanopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: a) holotype, male, 30.2 mm SL, INPA 60664; b) male, 27.7 mm SL, c), female, 21.8 mm SL, d) female, 20.8 mm SL, all from INPA 60665, paratypes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2DBE6663BF623956FF17F92924D72165" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346789" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13346789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346789/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="337" startId="5.[151,250,1741,1765]" targetBox="[218,1370,181,1717]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF623956FF17F92924D72165" blockId="5.[151,1436,1741,1801]" pageId="5" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF623956FF17F92924172089" bold="true" box="[151,272,1741,1765]" pageId="5" pageNumber="337">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. Type locality of
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF623956FE50F92927F02089" authorityName="Nielsen &amp; Ohara" authorityYear="2024" box="[464,759,1741,1765]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF623956FE50F92927F02089" box="[464,759,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="337">Melanorivulus melanopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, upper rio Galera, a tributary of the right bank of the upper rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF623956FF47F8B4264D2197" blockId="5.[151,1437,1872,2043]" pageId="5" pageNumber="337">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF623956FF47F8B424882107" bold="true" box="[199,399,1872,1899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="337">Ecological notes.</emphasis>
The type-locality of
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF623956FDFCF8B426B92106" authorityName="Nielsen &amp; Ohara" authorityYear="2024" box="[636,958,1872,1898]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF623956FDFCF8B426B92106" box="[636,958,1872,1898]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="337">Melanorivulus melanopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the headwater of the rio Galera, a small clear water stream, partially dammed, 2.0–8.0 m wide,
<quantity id="BE399B0EBF623956FC90F890268421E3" box="[784,899,1908,1935]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="337" unit="m" value="1.4" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="0.3">0.3–2.5 m</quantity>
deep, with moderate water current, submerged vegetation, grasses on the banks, and bottom composed by sand and mud (
<figureCitation id="E1FA2A6EBF623956FC6AF87C212821DF" box="[1002,1071,1944,1971]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1741,1765]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,181,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-26@5.[218,1370,181,1717]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Type locality of Melanorivulus melanopterus, upper rio Galera, a tributary of the right bank of the upper rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346789/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="337">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). The stream run across cerrado vegetation at Chapada dos Parecis at an altitude of
<quantity id="BE399B0EBF623956FD55F858261B21BB" box="[725,796,1980,2007]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.43" pageId="5" pageNumber="337" unit="m" value="643.0">643 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF623956FCDEF85821A621BA" authorityName="Nielsen &amp; Ohara" authorityYear="2024" box="[862,1185,1980,2006]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="337" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF623956FCDEF85821A621BA" box="[862,1185,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="337">Melanorivulus melanopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was captured near the margins, amid the marginal vegetation in slow-flowing water.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="31DB6560BF613955FF47FF7226AE26B9" pageId="6" pageNumber="338" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF613955FF47FF7226AE26B9" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="338">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF613955FF47FF72245E26DC" bold="true" box="[199,345,150,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="338">Distribution</emphasis>
. Only known from the
<typeStatus id="A67A8849BF613955FDE6FF73279126DD" box="[614,662,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="338">type</typeStatus>
locality, upper rio Galera on the Chapada dos Parecis, a tributary of the rio Guaporé, rio Madeira basin,
<collectingRegion id="BB05F809BF613955FDA8FF5F27F026B9" box="[552,759,187,213]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="6" pageNumber="338">Mato Grosso state</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="01D6767BBF613955FC82FF5F264126B9" box="[770,838,187,213]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="338">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="E1FA2A6EBF613955FCD6FF5F269C26B9" box="[854,923,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[154,1429,715,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-194@6.[151,1436,705,1886]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Map of central Brazil and adjacent Bolivia showing the geographical distribution of Melanorivulus melanopterus at the rio Guaporé basin (white circle) and M. modestus at the rio Tapajós basin (black circle)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13346791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13346791/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="338">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="31DB6560BF613955FF47FF3B26622771" pageId="6" pageNumber="338" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="797E36EBBF613955FF47FF3B26622771" blockId="6.[151,1437,150,287]" pageId="6" pageNumber="338">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF613955FF47FF3B244F2695" bold="true" box="[199,328,223,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="338">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific epithet
<taxonomicName id="BEC14D68BF613955FDBAFF3B27D52695" authorityName="Nielsen &amp; Ohara" authorityYear="2024" box="[570,722,223,249]" family="Rivulidae" genus="Melanorivulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="338" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopterus">
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF613955FDBAFF3B27D52695" box="[570,722,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="338">melanopterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
come from Greek
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF613955FC27FF3B26FE2695" box="[935,1017,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="338">melano</emphasis>
(Gr. μέλανος), black, and
<emphasis id="4BB5EAF9BF613955FAA3FF3B206E2694" box="[1315,1385,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="338">pterus</emphasis>
(Gr. πτερόν), fin, referring to black band on caudal fin. An adjective.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>