<documentid="F85CD1C909AC19680276196A260E9B8E" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina"IM.tables_approvedBy="karina"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina"checkinTime="1723061803200"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Rana, Rajendra S. & Wilson, Gregory P."docDate="2003"docId="03AD87BEA163FFADA25B0CB0FC52A487"docLanguage="en"docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.48.3.331-348.pdf"docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48 (3)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37.1:ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article"docStyleId="93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37"docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article"docStyleVersion="1"docTitle="Deccanolestes robustus Prasad, Jaeger, Sahni, Gheerbrant, and Khajuria 1994"docType="treatment"docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="337"masterDocId="FF94FFC6A165FFABA23D085CFF8AA275"masterDocTitle="New Late Cretaceous mammals from the Intertrappean beds of Rangapur, India and paleobiogeographic framework"masterLastPageNumber="348"masterPageNumber="331"pageNumber="337"updateTime="1723729457737" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:titleid="0E228DD24185901DC1F6638D4ACE9B83">New Late Cretaceous mammals from the Intertrappean beds of Rangapur, India and paleobiogeographic framework</mods:title>
<documentid="CA6BD071599480EC6972C7419E75D9F9" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13345798"ID-ISSN="1732-2421"ID-Zenodo-Dep="13345798" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina"IM.tables_approvedBy="karina"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina"checkinTime="1723061803200"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Rana, Rajendra S. & Wilson, Gregory P."docDate="2003"docId="03AD87BEA163FFADA25B0CB0FC52A487"docLanguage="en"docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.48.3.331-348.pdf"docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48 (3)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37.1:ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article"docStyleId="93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37"docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article"docStyleVersion="1"docTitle="Deccanolestes robustus Prasad, Jaeger, Sahni, Gheerbrant, and Khajuria 1994"docType="treatment"docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="337"masterDocId="FF94FFC6A165FFABA23D085CFF8AA275"masterDocTitle="New Late Cretaceous mammals from the Intertrappean beds of Rangapur, India and paleobiogeographic framework"masterLastPageNumber="348"masterPageNumber="331"pageNumber="337"updateTime="1724110733098" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:titleid="64D22C1290C2DC4090B1CA5B1CA71098">New Late Cretaceous mammals from the Intertrappean beds of Rangapur, India and paleobiogeographic framework</mods:title>
<tableCitationid="C6860313A163FFADA25B0D64FF3AA73B"box="[102,176,1336,1358]"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="5.[102,157,1298,1320]"captionText="Table 2. Measurements (in mm) and ratios of Rangapur and Naskal lower molars. Abbreviations as follows:L, length; TRW, trigonid width; TAW, talonid width; PHL, posthypocristid length; PEL, postentocristid length; PDH, protoconid height; MDH, metaconid height; AML, premetaconid length; TAH, talonid height; TAL, talonid length. Naskal data from Prasad et al. (1994)."pageId="6"pageNumber="337">Table 2</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="133F2A2DA163FFADA2870D64FF7EA73B"box="[186,244,1336,1358]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="6.[102,135,655,674]"captionTargetBox="[102,1485,227,627]"captionTargetId="figure-717@6.[102,1485,227,627]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 4. Deccanolestes cf. robustus. Right m1 or m2 (ITV/R/Mm−6) in occlusal (A, B), lingual (C), and labial (D) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm." pageId="6"pageNumber="337">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="133F2A2DA163FFADA2870D64FF7EA73B"box="[186,244,1336,1358]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="6.[102,135,655,674]"captionTargetBox="[102,1485,227,627]"captionTargetId="figure-717@6.[102,1485,227,627]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 4. Deccanolestes cf. robustus. Right m1 or m2 (ITV/R/Mm−6) in occlusal (A, B), lingual (C), and labial (D) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345802"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345802/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="337">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
@ -81,12 +83,12 @@ cf.
/Mm−6 is identified as a right lower molar, either m1 or m2. The roots are missing and a small portion of the lingual base of the crown is eroded. The crown is much larger than the other Rangapur specimens (
<tableCitationid="C6860313A163FFADA05E0E6EFD4BA43F"box="[611,705,1586,1610]"captionStart="Table 2"captionStartId="5.[102,157,1298,1320]"captionText="Table 2. Measurements (in mm) and ratios of Rangapur and Naskal lower molars. Abbreviations as follows:L, length; TRW, trigonid width; TAW, talonid width; PHL, posthypocristid length; PEL, postentocristid length; PDH, protoconid height; MDH, metaconid height; AML, premetaconid length; TAH, talonid height; TAL, talonid length. Naskal data from Prasad et al. (1994)."pageId="6"pageNumber="337">Table 2</tableCitation>
). The trigonid is just wider than and over one−and−a−half times taller than the talonid. Cusps on the trigonid are well spaced and somewhat inflated. The protoconid is the tallest cusp, but only slightly taller than the metaconid. The paraconid is small, labial, and slightly anteriorly projecting but not crest−like. The metaconid is more distally positioned than the protoconid, and its apex is somewhat lingually deflected. The protoconid is connected to the metaconid by a high protocristid, and to the paraconid by a very low paracristid. A broad notch separates the metaconid and paraconid. The anterolabial face of trigonid is slightly worn but preserves a faint anterior labial cingulid. It runs subvertically from the base of the crown below the protoconid, anterolingually toward the paraconid. It terminates below the notch formed by the paracristid. An anterior lingual cuspule is absent but the inflated base of the paraconid may have served the same function. In labial view, the trigonid appears tipped anteriorly (
<figureCitationid="133F2A2DA163FFADA6710B6DFB2EA13C"box="[1100,1188,817,841]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="6.[102,135,655,674]"captionTargetBox="[102,1485,227,627]"captionTargetId="figure-717@6.[102,1485,227,627]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 4. Deccanolestes cf. robustus. Right m1 or m2 (ITV/R/Mm−6) in occlusal (A, B), lingual (C), and labial (D) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm." pageId="6"pageNumber="337">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="133F2A2DA163FFADA6710B6DFB2EA13C"box="[1100,1188,817,841]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="6.[102,135,655,674]"captionTargetBox="[102,1485,227,627]"captionTargetId="figure-717@6.[102,1485,227,627]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 4. Deccanolestes cf. robustus. Right m1 or m2 (ITV/R/Mm−6) in occlusal (A, B), lingual (C), and labial (D) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345802"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345802/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="337">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
In occlusal view, the posterior face of the trigonid contacts the talonid at an oblique angle (
<figureCitationid="133F2A2DA163FFADA6FF0B2DFAB3A1FC"box="[1218,1337,881,905]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="6.[102,135,655,674]"captionTargetBox="[102,1485,227,627]"captionTargetId="figure-717@6.[102,1485,227,627]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 4. Deccanolestes cf. robustus. Right m1 or m2 (ITV/R/Mm−6) in occlusal (A, B), lingual (C), and labial (D) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm." pageId="6"pageNumber="337">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="133F2A2DA163FFADA6FF0B2DFAB3A1FC"box="[1218,1337,881,905]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="6.[102,135,655,674]"captionTargetBox="[102,1485,227,627]"captionTargetId="figure-717@6.[102,1485,227,627]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="Fig. 4. Deccanolestes cf. robustus. Right m1 or m2 (ITV/R/Mm−6) in occlusal (A, B), lingual (C), and labial (D) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345802"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345802/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="337">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
). The talonid basin is wide but not very deep. It slopes downward in an anterolingual direction and is only weakly closed by a low entocristid on the lingual side. The talonid notch is deep. On the labial side, the cristid obliqua is higher than the entocristid and contacts the base of the trigonid just lingual to the protocristid notch below the base of the metaconid. A faint trace of a distal metacristid is present. The acute angle between the cristid obliqua and the posterior face of the trigonid forms a well−excavated hypoflexid. The hypoconid is more anterior than the entoconid and is labially shifted. The hypoconulid is closer to the entoconid than it is to the hypoconid. The hypoconid is the tallest of the talonid cusps, followed by the hypoconulid, and then the entoconid. In posterior view, the talonid is canted lingually with respect to the trigonid, and the labial margins of the talonid and protoconid are convex. A postcingulid is absent.
<documentid="4466FDB4AF135EFD312C0DD675483958" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina"IM.tables_approvedBy="karina"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina"checkinTime="1723061803200"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Rana, Rajendra S. & Wilson, Gregory P."docDate="2003"docId="03AD87BEA16DFFA2A25B0B97FD77A7C5"docLanguage="en"docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.48.3.331-348.pdf"docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48 (3)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37.1:ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article"docStyleId="93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37"docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article"docStyleVersion="1"docTitle="Sahnitherium rangapurensis Rana & Wilson, 2003, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="340"masterDocId="FF94FFC6A165FFABA23D085CFF8AA275"masterDocTitle="New Late Cretaceous mammals from the Intertrappean beds of Rangapur, India and paleobiogeographic framework"masterLastPageNumber="348"masterPageNumber="331"pageNumber="339"updateTime="1723729457737" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:titleid="664CB35DB3DA5FE75019DF6C0B7857AA">New Late Cretaceous mammals from the Intertrappean beds of Rangapur, India and paleobiogeographic framework</mods:title>
<documentid="B5BFA3EB18AD714FC8E8B955A1248E66" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13345798"ID-ISSN="1732-2421"ID-Zenodo-Dep="13345798" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina"IM.tables_approvedBy="karina"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina"checkinTime="1723061803200"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Rana, Rajendra S. & Wilson, Gregory P."docDate="2003"docId="03AD87BEA16DFFA2A25B0B97FD77A7C5"docLanguage="en"docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.48.3.331-348.pdf"docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48 (3)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37.1:ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article"docStyleId="93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37"docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article"docStyleVersion="1"docTitle="Sahnitherium rangapurensis Rana & Wilson, 2003, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="340"masterDocId="FF94FFC6A165FFABA23D085CFF8AA275"masterDocTitle="New Late Cretaceous mammals from the Intertrappean beds of Rangapur, India and paleobiogeographic framework"masterLastPageNumber="348"masterPageNumber="331"pageNumber="339"updateTime="1724110733098" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:titleid="98B36C32A319968689060BE29E74D13B">New Late Cretaceous mammals from the Intertrappean beds of Rangapur, India and paleobiogeographic framework</mods:title>
<taxonomicNameid="4C044D2BA16DFFA3A14A0CA5FBF5A779"authorityName="Rana & Wilson"authorityYear="2003"box="[887,1151,1273,1292]"class="Mammalia"family="Adapisoriculidae"genus="Sahnitherium"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Carnivora"pageId="8"pageNumber="339"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="rangapurensis">
@ -130,9 +132,9 @@ but differs in that it is not as transversely wide; the postmetacrista is strong
.—ITV/R/Mm−1 is identified as a right upper molar, either M1 or M2 (
<figureCitationid="133F2A2DA16DFFA3A3B80F2EFE41A5FF"box="[389,459,1906,1930]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="8.[812,845,1273,1292]"captionTargetBox="[812,1484,227,1235]"captionTargetId="figure-683@8.[812,1485,227,1235]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 6. Sahnitherium rangapurensis. Right M1 or M2 (ITV/R/Mm−1), holotype in occlusal (A, B), labial (C), anterior (D), and posterior (E) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm." pageId="8"pageNumber="339">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="133F2A2DA16DFFA3A3B80F2EFE41A5FF"box="[389,459,1906,1930]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="8.[812,845,1273,1292]"captionTargetBox="[812,1484,227,1235]"captionTargetId="figure-683@8.[812,1485,227,1235]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 6. Sahnitherium rangapurensis. Right M1 or M2 (ITV/R/Mm−1), holotype in occlusal (A, B), labial (C), anterior (D), and posterior (E) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345806"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345806/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="339">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). The posterolabial and lingual roots are preserved. The enamel surface of the crown is pitted in some regions, and a small break can be seen in labial view at the anterolabial end of the crown (
<figureCitationid="133F2A2DA16DFFA3A0120F8EFD0FA59F"box="[559,645,2002,2026]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="8.[812,845,1273,1292]"captionTargetBox="[812,1484,227,1235]"captionTargetId="figure-683@8.[812,1485,227,1235]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 6. Sahnitherium rangapurensis. Right M1 or M2 (ITV/R/Mm−1), holotype in occlusal (A, B), labial (C), anterior (D), and posterior (E) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm." pageId="8"pageNumber="339">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="133F2A2DA16DFFA3A0120F8EFD0FA59F"box="[559,645,2002,2026]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="8.[812,845,1273,1292]"captionTargetBox="[812,1484,227,1235]"captionTargetId="figure-683@8.[812,1485,227,1235]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 6. Sahnitherium rangapurensis. Right M1 or M2 (ITV/R/Mm−1), holotype in occlusal (A, B), labial (C), anterior (D), and posterior (E) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345806"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345806/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="339">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). The break removed an anterolabial root and perhaps a parastylar hook and parastyle, if they existed. Otherwise, the labial margin of the crown, including the region where a stylocone would be preserved, is unaffected.
The paraconule is larger than the metaconule. It is shifted anteriorly and positioned midway between the paracone and protocone. The metaconule is positioned closer to the metacone than to the protocone. The postmetaconule wing terminates at or before the lingual base of the metacone. The preparaconule wing extends labially to the parastylar region. The preparaconule crista runs labially and dorsally along the anterior margin of the crown and becomes a faint trace near the parastylar region. Faint traces of internal wings are present. The trigon basin is deep, especially so toward the labial cusps. The step down to the trigon basin from the metaconule is small and from the paraconule it is negligible. The base of the protocone is somewhat lingually expanded and anteroposteriorly widened. The apex of the protocone is tall and anterolabially deflected. The labial face of the protocone is nearly perpendicular to the rest of the crown, as are the lingual faces of the paracone and metacone (
<figureCitationid="133F2A2DA16CFFA2A3C80C57FDC7A657"box="[501,589,1034,1059]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="8.[812,845,1273,1292]"captionTargetBox="[812,1484,227,1235]"captionTargetId="figure-683@8.[812,1485,227,1235]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 6. Sahnitherium rangapurensis. Right M1 or M2 (ITV/R/Mm−1), holotype in occlusal (A, B), labial (C), anterior (D), and posterior (E) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm." pageId="9"pageNumber="340">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="133F2A2DA16CFFA2A3C80C57FDC7A657"box="[501,589,1034,1059]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="8.[812,845,1273,1292]"captionTargetBox="[812,1484,227,1235]"captionTargetId="figure-683@8.[812,1485,227,1235]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 6. Sahnitherium rangapurensis. Right M1 or M2 (ITV/R/Mm−1), holotype in occlusal (A, B), labial (C), anterior (D), and posterior (E) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345806"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345806/files/figure.png"pageId="9"pageNumber="340">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). In occlusal outline, there is little to no anteroposterior waisting of the crown in the conular region (
<figureCitationid="133F2A2DA16CFFA2A3640C17FE3BA617"box="[345,433,1098,1123]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="8.[812,845,1273,1292]"captionTargetBox="[812,1484,227,1235]"captionTargetId="figure-683@8.[812,1485,227,1235]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 6. Sahnitherium rangapurensis. Right M1 or M2 (ITV/R/Mm−1), holotype in occlusal (A, B), labial (C), anterior (D), and posterior (E) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm." pageId="9"pageNumber="340">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="133F2A2DA16CFFA2A3640C17FE3BA617"box="[345,433,1098,1123]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="8.[812,845,1273,1292]"captionTargetBox="[812,1484,227,1235]"captionTargetId="figure-683@8.[812,1485,227,1235]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="Fig. 6. Sahnitherium rangapurensis. Right M1 or M2 (ITV/R/Mm−1), holotype in occlusal (A, B), labial (C), anterior (D), and posterior (E) views. Scale bar 0.5 mm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345806"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345806/files/figure.png"pageId="9"pageNumber="340">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
<documentid="2F5B54665F2A958B00DC62F0D51ED474" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina"IM.tables_approvedBy="karina"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina"checkinTime="1723061439531"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Gardner, James D., Evans, Susan E. & Sigogneau-Russell, Denise"docDate="2003"docId="221B87D5B31E1B049D62FB27BB11FDC3"docLanguage="en"docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.48.2.301-319.pdf"docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48 (2)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37.1:ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article"docStyleId="93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37"docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article"docStyleVersion="1"docTitle="Anoualerpeton unicus Gardner, Evans & Sigogneau-Russell, 2003, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="308"masterDocId="DE22FFADB31C1B0C9E4EFFBFBA37FFE3"masterDocTitle="New albanerpetontid amphibians from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco and Middle Jurassic of England"masterLastPageNumber="319"masterPageNumber="301"pageNumber="303"updateTime="1723729299479" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:titleid="EB40EA5A274ADA9E277E33DE9284C9ED">New albanerpetontid amphibians from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco and Middle Jurassic of England</mods:title>
<documentid="4A950F7A691541FA166CF7F88107D2D5" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13345778"ID-ISSN="1732-2421"ID-Zenodo-Dep="13345778" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina"IM.tables_approvedBy="karina"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina"checkinTime="1723061439531"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Gardner, James D., Evans, Susan E. & Sigogneau-Russell, Denise"docDate="2003"docId="221B87D5B31E1B049D62FB27BB11FDC3"docLanguage="en"docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.48.2.301-319.pdf"docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48 (2)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37.1:ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article"docStyleId="93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37"docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article"docStyleVersion="1"docTitle="Anoualerpeton unicus Gardner, Evans & Sigogneau-Russell, 2003, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="308"masterDocId="DE22FFADB31C1B0C9E4EFFBFBA37FFE3"masterDocTitle="New albanerpetontid amphibians from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco and Middle Jurassic of England"masterLastPageNumber="319"masterPageNumber="301"pageNumber="303"updateTime="1724110625554" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:titleid="D5ED886FBAB3F5E520B6A9942D8B8DCD">New albanerpetontid amphibians from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco and Middle Jurassic of England</mods:title>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31E1B0E9D62FB7DB959FB3B"box="[812,878,1218,1240]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="2"pageNumber="303">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31E1B0E9D62FB7DB959FB3B"box="[812,878,1218,1240]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="303">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31E1B0E9D34FB7DB9BFFB3B"box="[890,904,1218,1240]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="2"pageNumber="303">2</figureCitation>
.
@ -91,7 +93,7 @@ Anoual albanerpetontid;
: MNHN.
<specimenCodeid="FA149EB8B31E1B0E9DACFACBBE7BFA69"box="[994,1100,1396,1418]"collectionCode="MCM"country="France"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/i15t-gzyx"name="Institut de Paleontologie, Museum d'Histoire naturelle"pageId="2"pageNumber="303">MCM 187</specimenCode>
, right premaxilla missing most of pars palatinumandlateralmostpartofparsdentalis,withpreservedtoothrow containing three broken teeth and five tooth slots (
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31E1B0E9B41FA13BF53FA21"box="[1295,1380,1452,1474]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="2"pageNumber="303">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31E1B0E9B41FA13BF53FA21"box="[1295,1380,1452,1474]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="303">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31E1B0E9B20FA13BFB8FA21"box="[1390,1423,1452,1474]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="2"pageNumber="303">2A</figureCitation>
).
@ -145,7 +147,7 @@ differing from Middle Jurassic congener described below as follows: suprapalatal
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9EA0FC0FBB59FC2B"box="[238,366,944,968]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="3"pageNumber="304">Figs. 1A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9EA0FC0FBB59FC2B"box="[238,366,944,968]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="304">Figs. 1A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9F37FC0FBB8EFC2B"box="[377,441,944,968]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="3"pageNumber="304">2A, B</figureCitation>
).—
@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ The two most nearly complete premaxillae are MNHN.
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9F4AFC4FBB53FBEB"box="[260,356,1008,1032]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="3"pageNumber="304">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9F4AFC4FBB53FBEB"box="[260,356,1008,1032]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="304">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9F20FC4FBBA6FBEB"box="[366,401,1008,1032]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="3"pageNumber="304">2A</figureCitation>
) is from the right side, is about
@ -165,7 +167,7 @@ The two most nearly complete premaxillae are MNHN.
high, and retains an intact pars dorsalis, but lacks the more lingual part of the pars palatinum and the lateral end of the pars dentalis. MNHN.
<specimenCodeid="FA149EB8B31F1B0F9F68FBEFBB97FB8B"box="[294,416,1104,1128]"collectionCode="MCM"country="France"httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/i15t-gzyx"name="Institut de Paleontologie, Museum d'Histoire naturelle"pageId="3"pageNumber="304">MCM 188</specimenCode>
(
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9FFCFBEFB821FB8B"box="[434,534,1104,1128]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="3"pageNumber="304">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9FFCFBEFB821FB8B"box="[434,534,1104,1128]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="304">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9C6BFBEFB870FB8B"box="[549,583,1104,1128]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="3"pageNumber="304">2B</figureCitation>
) is from the left side, is about
@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ high, and lacks the lateral end of the pars dentalis, dorsolateral part of the p
<paragraphid="AA0D36C3B31F1B0F9E28F92EBB4AF84A"blockId="3.[102,775,944,2026]"pageId="3"pageNumber="304">MNHN.MCM 187 bears a low, indistinct boss that is ornamented with low, relatively broad ridges enclosing shallow, irregular pits. MNHN.MCM 188 preserves the medial edge of an evidently less prominent boss. All specimens show that the remainder of the labial face of the bone is relatively smooth and perforated by small, scattered external nutritive foramina. The lateral corner of the pars dentalis is indented by a smooth facet that, in life, was overlapped labially by a complementary process from the maxilla.</paragraph>
MNHN.MCM 187 and 188 are the most informative specimens for documenting the lingual structure of the pars dorsalis. The suprapalatal pit (
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9A33FF57BEE5FEE2"box="[1149,1234,232,257]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="3"pageNumber="304">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9A33FF57BEE5FEE2"box="[1149,1234,232,257]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="304">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9A9DFF4CBF32FEE7"box="[1235,1285,233,260]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="3"pageNumber="304">
retains an intact pars palatinum, but judging by preserved sections and broken surfaces the process was a lingually broad, horizontal shelf as in other albanerpetontids. MNHN.MCM 188 medially preserves the base of the lingually projecting vomerine process. MNHN.MCM 187, 188, and 198 are useful for documenting and interpreting the openings associated with the pars palatinum. The first
have two tiny foramina that open dorsally in the junction between the pars palatinum and pars dorsalis, in the vicinity of the suprapalatal pit. The larger and more dorsolabial of these two foramina opens just below the suprapalatal pit in MNHN.MCM 187 (
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9B15FC11BF84FC25"box="[1371,1459,942,966]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="3"pageNumber="304">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9B15FC11BF84FC25"box="[1371,1459,942,966]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="304">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9BFDFC07BF8BFC2A"box="[1459,1468,952,969]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="3"pageNumber="304">
), but more dorsally within the ventral margin of the pit in MNHN.MCM 188 (
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9A5FFC51BE50FBE5"box="[1041,1127,1006,1030]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="3"pageNumber="304">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9A5FFC51BE50FBE5"box="[1041,1127,1006,1030]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="304">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9A29FC46BE47FBE9"box="[1127,1136,1017,1034]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="3"pageNumber="304">
@ -208,12 +210,12 @@ have two tiny foramina that open dorsally in the junction between the pars palat
) and the palatal foramen may have carried a duct from the gland into the roof of the mouth (
<bibRefCitationid="CE234B32B31F1B0F9AF1FB50BF5BFAE4"author="Gardner, J. D."box="[1215,1388,1263,1287]"pageId="3"pageNumber="304"pagination="55 - 70"refId="ref15275"refString="Gardner, J. D. 2000 a. Revised taxonomy of albanerpetontid amphibians. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 45: 55 - 70."type="journal article"year="2000">Gardner 2000a</bibRefCitation>
). The inferred ventral opening of the palatal foramen lies in the junction between the pars palatinum and pars dentalis in MNHN.MCM 187 (
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9A5BFAF0BE58FA84"box="[1045,1135,1359,1383]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="3"pageNumber="304">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9A5BFAF0BE58FA84"box="[1045,1135,1359,1383]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="304">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9A3EFAE5BE4EFA88"box="[1136,1145,1370,1387]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="3"pageNumber="304">
) and, although not visible in figures published here, slightly more lingually in the ventral face of the pars palatinum in MNHN.MCM 188; these positions are consistent with the pattern in other albanerpetontids. In both specimens the ventral opening of the palatal foramen is displaced medially relative to the dorsal opening of the foramen. Although the palatal foramen is plugged with matrix in both specimens, the relative positions of the dorsal and ventral openings imply that the canal connecting the two openings extends dorsolaterally–ventromedially through the pars palatinum. This canal is exposed in the broken surface of the pars palatinum on MNHN.MCM 198 (unfigured) and confirms that the canal extended obliquely through the shelf. As for the smaller and more lingual foramen (= “unknown foramen” in
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9DF4F8AEBE38F8CA"box="[954,1039,1809,1833]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="3"pageNumber="304">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9DF4F8AEBE38F8CA"box="[954,1039,1809,1833]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="304">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31F1B0F9A41F8A3BE75F8CE"box="[1039,1090,1809,1837]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="3"pageNumber="304">
@ -222,11 +224,11 @@ have two tiny foramina that open dorsally in the junction between the pars palat
) that opens in the dorsal surface of the pars palatinum, judging by the condition in other albanerpetontids this foramen likely communicates, via a canal extending obliquely through the pars palatinum, with a similarly small foramen that opens in the lingual face of the pars dentalis, medial to and slightly below the ventral opening of the palatal foramen. The function of this smaller foramen is unknown. The pars dentalis is deep. Tiny foramina pierce the lingual face of the pars dentalis above some tooth positions.
<figureCitationid="32892A46B3181B089DDBF80FB9CEF82A"box="[917,1017,1968,1993]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="4"pageNumber="305">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B3181B089DDBF80FB9CEF82A"box="[917,1017,1968,1993]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="4"pageNumber="305">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="32892A46B3181B089A47F80FBE1EF82B"box="[1033,1065,1968,1992]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="4"pageNumber="305">2C</figureCitation>
).—The two best preserved maxillae collectively document all but the posteriormost end of the bone. MNHN.MCM 189 (
<figureCitationid="32892A46B3191B099FC4FF57BBDCFEE2"box="[394,491,232,257]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="5"pageNumber="306">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B3191B099FC4FF57BBDCFEE2"box="[394,491,232,257]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="306">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="32892A46B3191B099FB9FF56B82FFEE2"box="[503,536,233,257]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="5"pageNumber="306">2C</figureCitation>
) and 201 (unfigured) are broken well behind the internal narial margin and preserve about the anterior two−thirds to four−fifths of the bone. The former specimen is from the left side and has the first 17 loci, whereas the latter is from the right side and retains the first 14 loci. MNHN.MCM 189 is about
long when the bone was intact; MNHN.MCM 201 is from a slightly smaller individual. Available specimens resemble other albanerpetontid maxillae as follows: pars facialis elongate and low, becoming shallower posteriorly; nasal process projects dorsally, triangular in outline, and bevelled posteriorly for articulation with lacrimal; premaxillary dorsal and lateral processes prominent, the former a lingually expanded shelf and the latter an anteriorly projecting flange; pars palatinum a lingually broad shelf, narrowing posteriorly, with lingual edge indented anteriorly by concave internal narial margin, and, more posteriorly, bearing shallow trough dorsolingually for articulation with unknown palatal bone(s); and pars dentalis deep, becoming shallower posteriorly. The labial face of the bone is smooth, except for tiny external nutritive foramina scattered across the more anterior part of the pars facialis. The premaxillary lateral process is relatively long (i.e., length greater than height at base) and blunt distally. Unlike many other albanerpetontid maxillae, including the Jurassic material described below, the dorsal surface of the pars palatinum adjacent to the nasal process lacks a saddle−shaped bony patch for contact with the base of the lacrimal. Also, the ventral surface of the premaxillary dorsal process lacks the transverse ridge that, in life, abutted against the lateral edge of the maxillary process on the premaxilla when the two bones were articulated. The occlusal edge of the pars dentalis is convex ventrally in labial or lingual outline. In MNHN.MCM 189 the pars dentalis is deepest adjacent to about the sixth locus. Tiny foramina are variably present in the lingual face of the pars dentalis above the teeth. The anterior end of the tooth row lies several loci anterior to the level of the leading edge of the nasal process.
<taxonomicNameid="6DB24D40B3181B089FE6F910B846F921"authorityName="Gardner & Evans & Sigogneau-Russell"authorityYear="2003"box="[424,625,1711,1730]"class="Amphibia"family="Albanerpetontidae"genus="Anoualerpeton"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Gymnophiona"pageId="4"pageNumber="305"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="unicus"status="sp. nov.">
@ -293,7 +295,7 @@ Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of
long and would have been about one−third again as long when the bone was complete. In dentaries from Anoual the occlusal edge of the dental parapet is strongly convex dorsally in labial or lingual outline, with the apex labial to the eighth–tenth loci. This condition is most pronounced in larger specimens, such as MNHN.MCM 204 and MNHN.MCM 195 (
<figureCitationid="32892A46B3191B099A43FEF6BE54FE82"box="[1037,1123,329,353]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="5"pageNumber="306">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B3191B099A2DFEEBBE5BFE86"box="[1123,1132,340,357]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="5"pageNumber="306">
<figureCitationid="32892A46B3191B099A2DFEEBBE5BFE86"box="[1123,1132,340,357]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="306">
, E, respectively), but it also occurs in smaller specimens (e.g., MNHN.MCM 4 and 5; unfigured). In other respects, the structure of the dentary is typical for albanerpetontids. In dorsal aspect the bone is broadly curved. The labial face is smooth and a row of up to five or six external nutritive foramina extends along the anterior half of the bone. Below these foramina a low ridge is variably developed; this ridge marks the upper boundary of a shallow scar that extends anteroposteriorly along the lateroventral and ventral surfaces of the bone, for attachment of the intermandibularis musculature. A foramen opens in the underside of the symphysis. The symphyseal face is vertical anteriorly and posteriorly bears one or two symphyseal prongs that, in life, interlocked in a mortise−and−tenon fashion with one or two complementary prongs on the opposite dentary. In lingual aspect the dental parapet is moderately deep. The subdental shelf is moderately broad lingually, shallow, and gutter shaped anteriorly, and becomes deeper and narrower posteriorly. No dentary has the area for attachment of the postdentary bones intact, but several specimens, including MNHN.MCM 192 and 193 (
@ -303,7 +305,7 @@ long and would have been about one−third again as long when the bone was compl
<figureCitationid="32892A46B3191B099D37FB22B9CCFB56"box="[889,1019,1181,1205]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="5"pageNumber="306">Figs. 1A–C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B3191B099D37FB22B9CCFB56"box="[889,1019,1181,1205]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="306">Figs. 1A–C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B3191B099DB5FB18BE7BFB56"box="[1019,1100,1181,1208]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="5"pageNumber="306">
. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone, photographed before damage (cf.,
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31A1B0A9EFBF86DBAC3F806"box="[181,244,2002,2021]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="6"pageNumber="307">Fig 1E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31A1B0A9EFBF86DBAC3F806"box="[181,244,2002,2021]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="307">Fig 1E</figureCitation>
ing in a more pointed crown. In jaws from Anoual the premaxillary teeth and the more anterior teeth on the maxilla and dentary tend to have wedge−shaped crowns, whereas teeth farther back tend to have more chisel−shaped crowns. Tooth counts are typical for albanerpetontids. MNHN.MCM 198 is the only premaxilla with an intact tooth row and preserves ten tooth positions. No maxilla or dentary preserves a complete tooth row, but specimens with anatomically overlapping sections of the row yield estimated, maximum counts of, respectively, 25 and 35 tooth positions. Most specimens preserve evidence of tooth replacement in the form of empty replacement slots and several, such as the maxilla MNHN. MCM 189 (
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9EA1FDD7BB66FD62"box="[239,337,616,641]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="7"pageNumber="308">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9EA1FDD7BB66FD62"box="[239,337,616,641]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="308">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9F1FFDCCBBB8FD62"box="[337,399,617,644]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="7"pageNumber="308">
: anteriormost tooth), also have a lingual resorption pit in the base of one or more teeth. The dentary MNHN.MCM 34 (unfigured) preserves a non−functional, replacement tooth at the second locus. Teeth on the maxilla and dentary are strongly heterodont in size, with teeth about one−third of the distance along the tooth row from the anterior end being longer than nearby teeth (
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9CDAFC97B8C1FCA2"box="[660,758,808,833]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="7"pageNumber="308">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9CDAFC97B8C1FCA2"box="[660,758,808,833]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="308">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9CB8FC8CBAA6FC87"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="7"pageNumber="308">
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9E99FCCDBB69FC6A"box="[215,350,882,906]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="7"pageNumber="308">Figs. 1D, E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9E99FCCDBB69FC6A"box="[215,350,882,906]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="308">Figs. 1D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9F23FCCDBB9CFC69"box="[365,427,882,906]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="7"pageNumber="308">2J, K</figureCitation>
).—The two most nearly complete specimens are figured here: MNHN.MCM 190 (
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9C80FC2DBABEFC29"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="7"pageNumber="308">Figs. 1D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9C80FC2DBABEFC29"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="308">Figs. 1D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9ED4FC0DBA83FC29"box="[154,180,946,970]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="7"pageNumber="308">2J</figureCitation>
) and MNHN.MCM 191 (
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9FAAFC0DB87FFC29"box="[484,584,946,970]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="7"pageNumber="308">Figs. 1E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9FAAFC0DB87FFC29"box="[484,584,946,970]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="308">Figs. 1E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9C17FC0DB848FC29"box="[601,639,946,970]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="7"pageNumber="308">2K</figureCitation>
). The more nearly complete specimen, MNHN.MCM 190, lacks only the distal end of the left anterolateral process and the posterior end of the ventrolateral crests on both sides. The two halves are solidly fused medially. The specimen is
@ -434,8 +436,8 @@ ing in a more pointed crown. In jaws from Anoual the premaxillary teeth and the
wide across the posterior edge, which yields a relative length (ratio of midline length:posterior width) of about 1.5. The internasal process is acuminate in dorsal or ventral outline and relatively broad, with the midline length subequal to the width across the base. The lateral face of the internasal process bears an elongate groove (
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9E20FAADBAF3FAC9"box="[110,196,1298,1322]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="7"pageNumber="308">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9E8BFAA3BAF9FACE"box="[197,206,1308,1325]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="9.[102,135,1780,1799]"captionTargetBox="[106,1481,225,1752]"captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[106,1481,225,1752]"captionTargetPageId="9"captionText="Fig. 3. Jaws of Anoualerpeton priscus sp. nov.; Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian), Kirtlington, England. A–C. Premaxillae. A. BMNH R.16336, holotype, left premaxilla, lacking dorsal part of pars dorsalis, lateral part of pars dentalis, and most of pars palatinum and preserving no intact teeth, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. BMNH R.16337, right premaxilla, lacking dorsal part of pars dorsalis and medial pars of pars palatinum and pars dentalis, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. BMNH R.14157, right premaxilla, lacking dorsal part of pars dorsalis, ventral part of pars dentalis, and lateral end of maxillary process and preserving no intact teeth, in lingual (C1) and dorsal (C2) views, both with hair extending obliquely through palatal foramen, and in occlusal (C3) view. D. BMNH R.16338, left maxilla, missing part of pars dentalis below nasal process and about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and dorsal (D3) views. E–H. Dentaries, all in lingual view. E. BMNH R.16344, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior one−quarter of bone. F. BMNH R.16354, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones; G, BMNH R.16356, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about posterior" pageId="7"pageNumber="308">
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9E20FAADBAF3FAC9"box="[110,196,1298,1322]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="308">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9E8BFAA3BAF9FACE"box="[197,206,1308,1325]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="9.[102,135,1780,1799]"captionTargetBox="[106,1481,225,1752]"captionTargetId="figure-8@9.[106,1481,225,1752]"captionTargetPageId="9"captionText="Fig. 3. Jaws of Anoualerpeton priscus sp. nov.; Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian), Kirtlington, England. A–C. Premaxillae. A. BMNH R.16336, holotype, left premaxilla, lacking dorsal part of pars dorsalis, lateral part of pars dentalis, and most of pars palatinum and preserving no intact teeth, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. BMNH R.16337, right premaxilla, lacking dorsal part of pars dorsalis and medial pars of pars palatinum and pars dentalis, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. BMNH R.14157, right premaxilla, lacking dorsal part of pars dorsalis, ventral part of pars dentalis, and lateral end of maxillary process and preserving no intact teeth, in lingual (C1) and dorsal (C2) views, both with hair extending obliquely through palatal foramen, and in occlusal (C3) view. D. BMNH R.16338, left maxilla, missing part of pars dentalis below nasal process and about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and dorsal (D3) views. E–H. Dentaries, all in lingual view. E. BMNH R.16344, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior one−quarter of bone. F. BMNH R.16354, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones; G, BMNH R.16356, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about posterior"figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345782"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345782/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="308">
) for articulation with the medial edge of the nasal. The anterolateral process is distinct from the main body of the bone and is pointed distally. The more anterior slot between the internasal and anterolateral processes for receipt of the posterior end of the nasal and the more posterior slot between the anterolateral process and the orbital margin for receipt of the posterior end of the prefrontal are both deep. The dorsal margin of the latter slot is shallowly excavated medially. The anterior end of the orbital margin, as demarcated by the posterior end of the slot for receipt of the prefrontal, is approximately in line with the anteroposterior midpoint of the bone. MNHN.MCM 190 is vaguely bell−shaped in outline, with the posterior edge nearly two times wider than the distance between the slots for receipt of the prefrontals. Behind the base of the anterolateral process, the lateral edge of the bone first extends posteriorly in a straight line, then curves outwards in a shallow arc at about 25° from the midline. The posterior edge of the bone is transverse and shallowly concave to either side of the midline. Dorsally, the bone is ornamented with shallow, broad polygonal pits enclosed by a network of narrower, low ridges. In ventral view, the ventrolateral crest is relatively narrow—i.e., crest at the anterior limit of the orbital margin is about 0.4 times as wide as the width across the posterior edge of the frontals, between the medial edges of the crest. The ventrolateral crest is somewhat convex ventrally in transverse profile, with the more lateral part along the orbital margin shallowly bevelled and facing ventrolaterally. Posteriorly the medial face of the ventrolateral crest is indented by a facet for receipt of a complementary process from the parietal. Although the ventrolateral crest is broken more posteriorly, this structure probably extended farther back to underlap the parietal, as in other albanerpetontids (e.g.,
@ -444,13 +446,13 @@ wide across the posterior edge, which yields a relative length (ratio of midline
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9A73FD90BE95FDAB"box="[1085,1186,559,584]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="7"pageNumber="308">Figs. 1E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9A73FD90BE95FDAB"box="[1085,1186,559,584]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="308">Figs. 1E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9AFDFD8FBEE0FDAB"box="[1203,1239,560,584]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="7"pageNumber="308">2K</figureCitation>
) is a larger, but less nearly complete fused pair of frontals. Originally the specimen lacked only the distal ends of the internasal and left anterolateral processes, the posterior end of the left ventrolateral crest, and the right posterolateral corner (
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9B2CFD10BFF7FD2B"box="[1378,1472,687,712]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="5.[102,135,1815,1834]"captionText="Fig. 2. Jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in lingual (B1) and laterolingual (B2) and slightly dorsal views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in lingual and slightly ventral view. D–G, dentaries. D. MNHN.MCM 204, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus, broken at level of opening for Meckelian canal and preserving about anterior three−quarters of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and occlusal (D3) views. E. MNHN.MCM 195, right dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior two−fifths of bone, in lingual view. F. MNHN.MCM 192, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones, in lingual view. G. MNHN.MCM 193, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly"pageId="7"pageNumber="308">Fig. 2K</figureCitation>
). The specimen was broken during photography and some bone was lost from the median area (
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9A89FD50BF2BFCEB"box="[1223,1308,751,776]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales." pageId="7"pageNumber="308">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="32892A46B31B1B0B9A89FD50BF2BFCEB"box="[1223,1308,751,776]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="4.[102,135,1711,1730]"captionTargetBox="[108,1478,241,1674]"captionTargetId="figure-49@4.[102,1484,225,1684]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345780"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345780/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="308">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
<documentid="F8766945B8E25958E2F89B81D19E9EF1" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina"checkinTime="1723061107117"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Machalski, Marcin, Jagt, John W. M., Dortangs, Rudi W., Mulder, Eric W. A. & Radwański, Andrzej"docDate="2003"docId="7D2E87A4D139FF9DFC9EFABDFEDC41B7"docLanguage="en"docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.48.3.397-408.pdf"docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48 (3)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37.1:ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article"docStyleId="93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37"docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article"docStyleVersion="1"docTitle="Mosasaurus hoffmanni Mantell 1829"docType="treatment"docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="403"masterDocId="8117FFDCD138FF9BFFB2FFF9FFBC4049"masterDocTitle="Campanian and Maastrichtian mosasaurid reptiles from central Poland"masterLastPageNumber="408"masterPageNumber="397"pageNumber="398"updateTime="1723730344794" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:titleid="007E21DB184749F46226E97B15FED866">Campanian and Maastrichtian mosasaurid reptiles from central Poland</mods:title>
<documentid="E3FA162C320365C8656D48B272068377" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13345878"ID-ISSN="1732-2421"ID-Zenodo-Dep="13345878" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina"checkinTime="1723061107117"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Machalski, Marcin, Jagt, John W. M., Dortangs, Rudi W., Mulder, Eric W. A. & Radwański, Andrzej"docDate="2003"docId="7D2E87A4D139FF9DFC9EFABDFEDC41B7"docLanguage="en"docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.48.3.397-408.pdf"docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48 (3)"docStyle="DocumentStyle:93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37.1:ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article"docStyleId="93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37"docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article"docStyleVersion="1"docTitle="Mosasaurus hoffmanni Mantell 1829"docType="treatment"docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="403"masterDocId="8117FFDCD138FF9BFFB2FFF9FFBC4049"masterDocTitle="Campanian and Maastrichtian mosasaurid reptiles from central Poland"masterLastPageNumber="408"masterPageNumber="397"pageNumber="398"updateTime="1724110895222" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
),100.3mmin height (including root, with small resorption pit). It is asymmetrically bicarinate, with a deeply U−shaped cross section, and with markedly unequal lingual and buccal surfaces. The buccal surface ismore orlessflat,with2–3 facets (bestvisibleproximally);onthelingualsurfacethefacetsarelesswell developed,andtheirnumbercannotbedeterminedprecisely. Both the anterior and posterior carinae are well developed, with minute serrations over their entire length. The crown has a marked posterior and lingual recurvature. The enamel shows beading, best developed proximally.
in total height (as preserved), including the incomplete root. It has an elliptical cross section, with both buccal and lingual surfaces showing barely visible facets and beading. Both posterior and anterior carinae show minute serrations. Thecrownismoderatelyposteriorlyandlinguallyrecurved.
) and IGPUWAR−4 (as preserved 51.6 mminheight; see
<figureCitationid="6DBC2A37D13BFF98FFD4F92CFF0346A7"box="[102,191,1749,1774]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="3.[102,141,1591,1610]"captionTargetBox="[104,1482,225,1564]"captionTargetId="figure-138@3.[104,1483,225,1564]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Fig.3. Mosasaurus cf. hoffmanni Mantell,1829,fromtheupperUpperMaastrichtianopokaatNasiłów. A.IGPUWAR−4inposterior(A 1),buccal(A2),anterior (A3), and lingual (A4) views. B. OGP 1254 in lingual (B1), posterior (B2), buccal (B3), and anterior (B4) views." pageId="3"pageNumber="400">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="6DBC2A37D13BFF98FFD4F92CFF0346A7"box="[102,191,1749,1774]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="3.[102,141,1591,1610]"captionTargetBox="[104,1482,225,1564]"captionTargetId="figure-138@3.[104,1483,225,1564]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Fig.3. Mosasaurus cf. hoffmanni Mantell,1829,fromtheupperUpperMaastrichtianopokaatNasiłów. A.IGPUWAR−4inposterior(A 1),buccal(A2),anterior (A3), and lingual (A4) views. B. OGP 1254 in lingual (B1), posterior (B2), buccal (B3), and anterior (B4) views."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345884"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345884/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="400">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) show elliptical cross sections, and appear to have occupied a comparable position in the dental or maxillary ramus.Thesespecimenshavemoreclearlydevelopedfacets, on both the buccal and lingual surfaces, and show distinct beading of the enamel.
in height,aspreserved),14.2mminwidth(atthebase).Incross sectionitismoreorlesselliptical,withthelingualandbuccal surfacesmarkedlyunequal.Thebuccalsurfaceisfaintlyconvex,with3unequalfacets;onthelingualsurfacethereareup to9suchfacets,narrowerandespeciallymarkedproximally, reaching to just above mid−height; beading is well visible. Bothcarinaearewelldeveloped,theanterioronebeingmore pronounced, withminuteserrationsovertheirentirelengths. The crown is moderately lingually, but more clearly posteriorly recurved.
Teeth and tooth crowns in the Upper Campanian specimen ZPAL R. I/1–5 (
<figureCitationid="6DBC2A37D13BFF98FBAEF84BFB3B4783"box="[1052,1159,1970,1994]"captionStart-0="Fig"captionStart-1="Fig"captionStartId-0="4.[102,139,1355,1374]"captionStartId-1="5.[966,1004,970,989]"captionTargetBox-0="[103,1484,225,1327]"captionTargetBox-1="[104,932,799,1839]"captionTargetId-0="figure-298@4.[103,1486,225,1327]"captionTargetId-1="figure-221@5.[104,932,799,1839]"captionTargetPageId-0="4"captionTargetPageId-1="5"captionText-0="Fig.4. Mosasaurus cf. hoffmanni Mantell,1829,fromtheUpperCampanianopokaatMaruszów,ZPALR.I/1,partialupperjawinbuccal(A),occlusal(B), and lingual (C) views."captionText-1="Fig.6. Mosasaurus cf. hoffmanni Mantell,1829,fromthe Upper Campanian opoka at Maruszów. A. ZPAL R.I/1, left−handsidetoothinBin anterior(A1),buccal(A2),and posterior (A3) views. B. ZPAL R.I/1, three tooth crowns preserved in original jaw position (although jaw bone is not preserved)." pageId="3"pageNumber="400">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="6DBC2A37D13BFF98FBAEF84BFB3B4783"box="[1052,1159,1970,1994]"captionStart-0="Fig"captionStart-1="Fig"captionStartId-0="4.[102,139,1355,1374]"captionStartId-1="5.[966,1004,970,989]"captionTargetBox-0="[103,1484,225,1327]"captionTargetBox-1="[104,932,799,1839]"captionTargetId-0="figure-298@4.[103,1486,225,1327]"captionTargetId-1="figure-221@5.[104,932,799,1839]"captionTargetPageId-0="4"captionTargetPageId-1="5"captionText-0="Fig.4. Mosasaurus cf. hoffmanni Mantell,1829,fromtheUpperCampanianopokaatMaruszów,ZPALR.I/1,partialupperjawinbuccal(A),occlusal(B), and lingual (C) views."captionText-1="Fig.6. Mosasaurus cf. hoffmanni Mantell,1829,fromthe Upper Campanian opoka at Maruszów. A. ZPAL R.I/1, left−handsidetoothinBin anterior(A1),buccal(A2),and posterior (A3) views. B. ZPAL R.I/1, three tooth crowns preserved in original jaw position (although jaw bone is not preserved)."figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345886"figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345888"httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13345886/files/figure.png"httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13345888/files/figure.png"pageId="3"pageNumber="400">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
) show a U−shaped cross section, withboth the buccal and lingual surfaces facetted, with buccal facets wider and more distinct than those on the lingualside.Theyalsoshowwell−developedanteriorandposterior carinae, a slight posterior recurvature and a more pronounced lingual recurvature. Enamel beading is less pronounced than in the Late Maastrichtian specimens, but does occur in patches, both proximally and distally.
<figureCitationid="BC941CBCFFFE872DFFCA798FFF06A6F4"box="[102,169,1744,1766]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="2.[812,844,1949,1968]"captionTargetBox="[812,1484,1184,1920]"captionTargetPageId="2"captionText="Fig. 4. Palaeohypsodontus zinensis sp. nov., late Oligocene (Chattian), Lundo J2, Bugti Hills, Balochistan, Pakistan. Holotype (ISEM DBJ2−A1). A. S tereophoto of occlusal view. B. Stereophoto of labial view. Scale bars 1 cm." pageId="2"pageNumber="377">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="BC941CBCFFFE872DFFCA798FFF06A6F4"box="[102,169,1744,1766]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="2.[812,844,1949,1968]"captionTargetBox="[812,1484,1184,1920]"captionTargetPageId="2"captionText="Fig. 4. Palaeohypsodontus zinensis sp. nov., late Oligocene (Chattian), Lundo J2, Bugti Hills, Balochistan, Pakistan. Holotype (ISEM DBJ2−A1). A. S tereophoto of occlusal view. B. Stereophoto of labial view. Scale bars 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345852"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345852/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="377">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="BC941CBCFFFE872DFF1F798FFF6EA6F4"box="[179,193,1744,1766]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="3.[1072,1105,788,807]"captionTargetBox="[107,1025,229,996]"captionTargetId="figure-601@3.[102,1025,225,1001]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Fig. 5. Palaeohypsodontus zinensis sp. nov., late Oligocene (Chattian), Lundo J2, Bugti Hills, Balochistan, Pakistan. A. Left astragalus (ISEM DBJ2−A2) in anterior (A1) and posterior (A2) views. B. Shaft of right metatarsal (ISEM DBJ2−A3) in anterior (B1) and distal (B2) views. All stero−photographs. Scale bars 1 cm." pageId="2"pageNumber="377">5</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="BC941CBCFFFE872DFF1F798FFF6EA6F4"box="[179,193,1744,1766]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="3.[1072,1105,788,807]"captionTargetBox="[107,1025,229,996]"captionTargetId="figure-601@3.[102,1025,225,1001]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Fig. 5. Palaeohypsodontus zinensis sp. nov., late Oligocene (Chattian), Lundo J2, Bugti Hills, Balochistan, Pakistan. A. Left astragalus (ISEM DBJ2−A2) in anterior (A1) and posterior (A2) views. B. Shaft of right metatarsal (ISEM DBJ2−A3) in anterior (B1) and distal (B2) views. All stero−photographs. Scale bars 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345854"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345854/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="377">5</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitationid="692D3582FFFE872DFF60798FFEB1A6F4"box="[204,286,1744,1766]"captionStart="Table 1"captionStartId="4.[102,156,236,258]"captionText="Table 1. Measurements of the holotype and referred dentaries of Palaeohypsodontus asiaticus from Tatal Gol (Mongolia), P. cf asiaticus from Ulan Tatal (China), P. zinensis sp. nov. from the Bugti Hills (Pakistan), and the holotype of Hanhaicerus qii from Ulan Tatal (China). Abbreviations: L, length; W(tr), width of trigonid; W(ta), width of talonid; H, height. All measurements are in mm. Asterisks indicate estimates from the figures of the type specimens."pageId="2"pageNumber="377">Tables 1</tableCitation>
, fragmentary right mandible with d4−m1 (only the third lobe of d4 is preserved,
<figureCitationid="BC941CBCFFFE872DFE77784DFDBAA73A"box="[475,533,1810,1832]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="2.[812,844,1949,1968]"captionTargetBox="[812,1484,1184,1920]"captionTargetPageId="2"captionText="Fig. 4. Palaeohypsodontus zinensis sp. nov., late Oligocene (Chattian), Lundo J2, Bugti Hills, Balochistan, Pakistan. Holotype (ISEM DBJ2−A1). A. S tereophoto of occlusal view. B. Stereophoto of labial view. Scale bars 1 cm." pageId="2"pageNumber="377">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="BC941CBCFFFE872DFE77784DFDBAA73A"box="[475,533,1810,1832]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="2.[812,844,1949,1968]"captionTargetBox="[812,1484,1184,1920]"captionTargetPageId="2"captionText="Fig. 4. Palaeohypsodontus zinensis sp. nov., late Oligocene (Chattian), Lundo J2, Bugti Hills, Balochistan, Pakistan. Holotype (ISEM DBJ2−A1). A. S tereophoto of occlusal view. B. Stereophoto of labial view. Scale bars 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345852"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345852/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="377">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="BC941CBCFFFE872DFDB8788DFDF6A7F8"box="[532,601,2002,2026]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="3.[1072,1105,788,807]"captionTargetBox="[107,1025,229,996]"captionTargetId="figure-601@3.[102,1025,225,1001]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Fig. 5. Palaeohypsodontus zinensis sp. nov., late Oligocene (Chattian), Lundo J2, Bugti Hills, Balochistan, Pakistan. A. Left astragalus (ISEM DBJ2−A2) in anterior (A1) and posterior (A2) views. B. Shaft of right metatarsal (ISEM DBJ2−A3) in anterior (B1) and distal (B2) views. All stero−photographs. Scale bars 1 cm." pageId="2"pageNumber="377">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="BC941CBCFFFE872DFDB8788DFDF6A7F8"box="[532,601,2002,2026]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="3.[1072,1105,788,807]"captionTargetBox="[107,1025,229,996]"captionTargetId="figure-601@3.[102,1025,225,1001]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Fig. 5. Palaeohypsodontus zinensis sp. nov., late Oligocene (Chattian), Lundo J2, Bugti Hills, Balochistan, Pakistan. A. Left astragalus (ISEM DBJ2−A2) in anterior (A1) and posterior (A2) views. B. Shaft of right metatarsal (ISEM DBJ2−A3) in anterior (B1) and distal (B2) views. All stero−photographs. Scale bars 1 cm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345854"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345854/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="377">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="E3AF7BBAFFFE872DFCC478C2FBF2A7A2"authorityName="Métais & Antoine & Marivaux & Welcomme & Ducrocq"authorityYear="2003"box="[872,1117,1949,1968]"class="Mammalia"family="Leptomerycidae"genus="Palaeohypsodontus"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Artiodactyla"pageId="2"pageNumber="377"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="zinensis"status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicNameid="E3AF7BBAFFFF872CFBD97C4BFAD9A334"authorityName="Métais & Antoine & Marivaux & Welcomme & Ducrocq"authorityYear="2003"box="[1141,1398,788,807]"class="Mammalia"family="Leptomerycidae"genus="Palaeohypsodontus"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Animalia"order="Artiodactyla"pageId="3"pageNumber="378"phylum="Chordata"rank="species"species="zinensis"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="ADCEA4D6FFD5FFC7FFD8F935A8B948FF"box="[102,206,1759,1781]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="3.[102,135,1362,1381]"captionTargetBox="[104,1482,233,1335]"captionTargetId="figure-322@3.[105,1483,225,1329]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Fig. 2. A. Borealestes serendipitus, left M3 of the holotype left lower jaw UBGM 20570, in lingual (A1), labial (A2), and occlusal (A3) views. B. Borealestes serendipitus, left lower molar BMNH J.791 in lingual (B1), labial (B2), anterior (B3), posterior (B4), and occlusal (B5) views. C. Borealestes mussetti sp. nov. holotype right lower molar BMNH J. 495 in lingual (C1), labial (C2), anterior (C3), posterior (C4), and occlusal (C5) views. D. Borealestes mussetti sp. nov. right lower molar BMNH J. 836 in lingual (D1), labial (D2), anterior (D3), posterior (D4), and occlusal (D5) views. Scale bar 1 mm." pageId="1"pageNumber="358">Fig. 2C, D</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="ADCEA4D6FFD5FFC7FFD8F935A8B948FF"box="[102,206,1759,1781]"captionStart="Fig"captionStartId="3.[102,135,1362,1381]"captionTargetBox="[104,1482,233,1335]"captionTargetId="figure-322@3.[105,1483,225,1329]"captionTargetPageId="3"captionText="Fig. 2. A. Borealestes serendipitus, left M3 of the holotype left lower jaw UBGM 20570, in lingual (A1), labial (A2), and occlusal (A3) views. B. Borealestes serendipitus, left lower molar BMNH J.791 in lingual (B1), labial (B2), anterior (B3), posterior (B4), and occlusal (B5) views. C. Borealestes mussetti sp. nov. holotype right lower molar BMNH J. 495 in lingual (C1), labial (C2), anterior (C3), posterior (C4), and occlusal (C5) views. D. Borealestes mussetti sp. nov. right lower molar BMNH J. 836 in lingual (D1), labial (D2), anterior (D3), posterior (D4), and occlusal (D5) views. Scale bar 1 mm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13345828"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13345828/files/figure.png"pageId="1"pageNumber="358">Fig. 2C, D</figureCitation>
