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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1010.58759" ID-GBIF-Dataset="991ddda8-cc57-4ef5-8ada-5ea378885925" ID-PMC="PMC7817654" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1010-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D317557D854C577289AA424187C079D2" ID-PubMed="33531857" ID-ZooBank="45DF30C9AEB448AAAC32BBE77CB7191D" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1010-1" checkinTime="1610662641170" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Albano, Paolo G., Steger, Jan, Bakker, Piet A. J., Bogi, Cesare, Bosnjak, Marija, Guy-Haim, Tamar, Huseyinoglu, Mehmet Fatih, LaFollette, Patrick I., Lubinevsky, Hadas, Mulas, Martina, Stockinger, Martina, Azzarone, Michele &amp; Sabelli, Bruno" docDate="2021" docId="93B8662F6415573AB6FD1EFCB0AF1E21" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1010: 1-95" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1010" docPubDate="2021-01-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1010.58759" docTitle="Musculus coenobitus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="D317557D854C577289AA424187C079D2" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="D317557D854C577289AA424187C079D2" masterDocTitle="Numerous new records of tropical non-indigenous species in the Eastern Mediterranean highlight the challenges of their recognition and identification" masterLastPageNumber="95" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668149698000" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Numerous new records of tropical non-indigenous species in the Eastern Mediterranean highlight the challenges of their recognition and identification</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Albano, Paolo G.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9876-1024</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">pgalbano@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Steger, Jan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bakker, Piet A. J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333, CR Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bogi, Cesare</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Gruppo Malacologico Livornese, c / o Museo di Storia Naturale del Mediterraneo, via Roma 234, 57127, Livorno, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bosnjak, Marija</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria &amp; Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Guy-Haim, Tamar</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa 3108001, Israel</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Huseyinoglu, Mehmet Fatih</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Kyrenia, Karakum, Girne, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>LaFollette, Patrick I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Malacology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lubinevsky, Hadas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa 3108001, Israel</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Mulas, Martina</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9228-786X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa 3108001, Israel &amp; The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mt. Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Stockinger, Martina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Azzarone, Michele</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sabelli, Bruno</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museo di Zoologia dell'Universita di Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-01-13</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1010</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1010.58759</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1010.58759</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1010-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">45DF30C9AEB448AAAC32BBE77CB7191D</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">D317557D854C577289AA424187C079D2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="176584188" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:93B8662F6415573AB6FD1EFCB0AF1E21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/93B8662F6415573AB6FD1EFCB0AF1E21" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="93B8662F-6415-573A-B6FD-1EFCB0AF1E21" authority="(Vaillant, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Vaillant" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Musculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Musculus coenobitus" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coenobitus">Musculus coenobitus (Vaillant, 1865)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Comparison between Musculus coenobitus (Vaillant, 1865) and Musculus subpictus (Cantraine, 1835) A-D Musculus coenobitus, north of Nahariyya port, Israel, HELM project (sample H 3): right valve outer (A) and inner (D) views, left valve inner (B) and outer (C) views E-H Musculus subpictus, off Filfla, Malta: right valve outer (E) and inner (H) views, left valve inner (F) and outer (G) views. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1010.58759.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496987" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 34A-D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Comparison between Musculus coenobitus (Vaillant, 1865) and Musculus subpictus (Cantraine, 1835) A-F Musculus coenobitus, west of Rosh HaNikra Islands, Israel, HELM project (sample S 52 _ 2 L): right valve outer (A, D) and inner (B) views, living specimen with byssus (C), sculpture of the posterior (E) and anterior (F) area of the right valve G-K Musculus subpictus, Ashqelon, Israel, HELM project (sample S 12 _ 1 L): right valve outer (G, I) and inner (H) views, sculpture of the posterior (J) and anterior (K) area. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B, D, G-I), 2.5 mm (C); 0.5 mm (E, F, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1010.58759.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 35A-F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="new records">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New records.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Israel • 2 spcms; west of Rosh HaNikra Islands;
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.0704" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.0704">33.0704°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.0926" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.0926">35.0926°E</geoCoordinate>
; depth 12 m; 1 May 2018; rocky substrate; suction sampler; HELM project (sample S14_4M) • 4 spcms; same collecting data as for preceding; 29 Oct. 2018; HELM project (samples S52_1M, S52_2L, S52_3M, S52_3L) • 1 sh; north of Nahariyya port;
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.0127" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.0127">33.0127°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.0896" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.0896">35.0896°E</geoCoordinate>
; beached; 29 Oct. 2018; HELM project (sample H3); size: L 10.2 mm, H 6.0 mm (illustrated shell, Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Comparison between Musculus coenobitus (Vaillant, 1865) and Musculus subpictus (Cantraine, 1835) A-D Musculus coenobitus, north of Nahariyya port, Israel, HELM project (sample H 3): right valve outer (A) and inner (D) views, left valve inner (B) and outer (C) views E-H Musculus subpictus, off Filfla, Malta: right valve outer (E) and inner (H) views, left valve inner (F) and outer (G) views. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1010.58759.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496987" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34A-D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cantraine" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Musculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Musculus subpictus" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subpictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Musculus subpictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Cantraine, 1835): Croatia • 14 spcms; Istria, off Rovinj, western shore of Sveta Katarina;
<geoCoordinate degrees="45.0760" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.076">45.0760°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="13.6276" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="13.6276">13.6276°E</geoCoordinate>
; 3 Jul. 2008; dried-out fouling community collected from the surface of buoy-like floating objects dumped on the shore (J. Steger coll.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Israel • 10 spcms, 3 vv; Ashqelon;
<geoCoordinate degrees="31.6868" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="31.6868">31.6868°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="34.5516" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="34.5516">34.5516°E</geoCoordinate>
; depth 12 m; 30 Apr. 2018; offshore rocky reef; suction sampler; HELM project (samples S12_1F, S12_1M, S12_1L, S12_2F, S12_2M) • 111 spcms, 2 vv; Ashqelon;
<geoCoordinate degrees="31.6891" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="31.6891">31.6891°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="34.5257" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="34.5257">34.5257°E</geoCoordinate>
; depth 25 m; 2 May 2018; offshore rocky reef; suction sampler; HELM project (samples S16_1F, S16_1M, S16_1L, S16_2F, S16_2M, S16_2L) • 13 spcms; west of Rosh HaNikra Islands;
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.0704" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.0704">33.0704°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.0926" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.0926">35.0926°E</geoCoordinate>
; depth 12 m; 1 May 2018; rocky substrate; suction sampler; HELM project (samples S14_2F, S14_2M, S14_3F, S14_4F) • 1 v; west of Rosh HaNikra Islands;
<geoCoordinate degrees="33.0725" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.0725">33.0725°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="35.0923" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.0923">35.0923°E</geoCoordinate>
; depth 20 m; 1 May 2018; rocky substrate; suction sampler; HELM project (sample S13_3M) • 1 spcm; same collecting data as for preceding; depth 19 m; 29 Oct. 2018; HELM project (sample S53_2L).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Malta • 9 spcms; off Filfla Island; on a rafting
<normalizedToken originalValue="fisherman’s">fisherman's</normalizedToken>
net; 1981 (P.G. Albano coll. ID 557).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
We found several living individuals of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vaillant" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Musculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Musculus coenobitus" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coenobitus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Musculus coenobitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in northern Israel. It is the first record of this Red Sea species for the Mediterranean Sea.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vaillant" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Musculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Musculus coenobitus" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coenobitus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Musculus coenobitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to the native
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. subpictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="subpictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. subpictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which can occur sympatrically, but can be distinguished at once because of its reddish rather than greenish hue (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Comparison between Musculus coenobitus (Vaillant, 1865) and Musculus subpictus (Cantraine, 1835) A-D Musculus coenobitus, north of Nahariyya port, Israel, HELM project (sample H 3): right valve outer (A) and inner (D) views, left valve inner (B) and outer (C) views E-H Musculus subpictus, off Filfla, Malta: right valve outer (E) and inner (H) views, left valve inner (F) and outer (G) views. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1010.58759.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496987" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
). It is also more elongated with a more pointed posterior margin. Juvenile specimens are bright red (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Comparison between Musculus coenobitus (Vaillant, 1865) and Musculus subpictus (Cantraine, 1835) A-F Musculus coenobitus, west of Rosh HaNikra Islands, Israel, HELM project (sample S 52 _ 2 L): right valve outer (A, D) and inner (B) views, living specimen with byssus (C), sculpture of the posterior (E) and anterior (F) area of the right valve G-K Musculus subpictus, Ashqelon, Israel, HELM project (sample S 12 _ 1 L): right valve outer (G, I) and inner (H) views, sculpture of the posterior (J) and anterior (K) area. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B, D, G-I), 2.5 mm (C); 0.5 mm (E, F, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1010.58759.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">35C</figureCitation>
), have interspaces between the radial riblets in the posterior part of the shell almost as large as the riblets themselves, while in
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. subpictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="subpictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. subpictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the riblets are closely arranged with very narrow interspaces (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Comparison between Musculus coenobitus (Vaillant, 1865) and Musculus subpictus (Cantraine, 1835) A-F Musculus coenobitus, west of Rosh HaNikra Islands, Israel, HELM project (sample S 52 _ 2 L): right valve outer (A, D) and inner (B) views, living specimen with byssus (C), sculpture of the posterior (E) and anterior (F) area of the right valve G-K Musculus subpictus, Ashqelon, Israel, HELM project (sample S 12 _ 1 L): right valve outer (G, I) and inner (H) views, sculpture of the posterior (J) and anterior (K) area. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B, D, G-I), 2.5 mm (C); 0.5 mm (E, F, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1010.58759.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">35E, J</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vaillant" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Musculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Musculus coenobitus" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coenobitus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Musculus coenobitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also shows a fine but distinct lamellar concentric sculpture in such interspaces, whereas
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. subpictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="subpictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. subpictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows more sparse fine concentric ridges (Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figure 35. Comparison between Musculus coenobitus (Vaillant, 1865) and Musculus subpictus (Cantraine, 1835) A-F Musculus coenobitus, west of Rosh HaNikra Islands, Israel, HELM project (sample S 52 _ 2 L): right valve outer (A, D) and inner (B) views, living specimen with byssus (C), sculpture of the posterior (E) and anterior (F) area of the right valve G-K Musculus subpictus, Ashqelon, Israel, HELM project (sample S 12 _ 1 L): right valve outer (G, I) and inner (H) views, sculpture of the posterior (J) and anterior (K) area. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B, D, G-I), 2.5 mm (C); 0.5 mm (E, F, J, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1010.58759.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">35E and J</figureCitation>
, respectively). The relation of
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. coenobitus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="coenobitus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. coenobitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with other Indo-Pacific species like
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. cumingianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cumingianus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. cumingianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Reeve, 1857) and
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. cuneatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cuneatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. cuneatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Gould, 1861) deserves a revision (
<bibRefCitation author="Oliver, PG" journalOrPublisher="Tokai University Press, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B166" refString="Oliver, PG, 1992. Bivalved seashells of the Red Sea. Verlag Christa Hemmen, 330 pp." title="Bivalved seashells of the Red Sea. Verlag Christa Hemmen, 330 pp." year="1992">Oliver 1992</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1010.58759.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496987" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 34" startId="F34">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 34.</emphasis>
Comparison between
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vaillant" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Musculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Musculus coenobitus" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coenobitus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Musculus coenobitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Vaillant, 1865) and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cantraine" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Musculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Musculus subpictus" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subpictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Musculus subpictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Cantraine, 1835)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vaillant" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Musculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Musculus coenobitus" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coenobitus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Musculus coenobitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, north of Nahariyya port, Israel, HELM project (sample H3): right valve outer (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
) and inner (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
) views, left valve inner (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
) and outer (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
) views
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E-H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cantraine" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Musculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Musculus subpictus" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subpictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Musculus subpictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, off Filfla, Malta: right valve outer (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
) and inner (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
) views, left valve inner (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
) and outer (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
) views. Scale bars: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1010.58759.figure35" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/496988" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 35" startId="F35">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 35.</emphasis>
Comparison between
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vaillant" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Musculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Musculus coenobitus" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coenobitus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Musculus coenobitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Vaillant, 1865) and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cantraine" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Musculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Musculus subpictus" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subpictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Musculus subpictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Cantraine, 1835)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Vaillant" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Musculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Musculus coenobitus" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coenobitus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Musculus coenobitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, west of Rosh HaNikra Islands, Israel, HELM project (sample S52_2L): right valve outer (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, D</emphasis>
) and inner (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
) views, living specimen with byssus (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
), sculpture of the posterior (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
) and anterior (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
) area of the right valve
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G-K</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cantraine" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Bivalvia" family="Mytilidae" genus="Musculus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Musculus subpictus" order="Mytilida" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subpictus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Musculus subpictus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Ashqelon, Israel, HELM project (sample S12_1L): right valve outer (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G, I</emphasis>
) and inner (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
) views, sculpture of the posterior (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
) and anterior (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
) area. Scale bars: 1 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B, D, G-I</emphasis>
), 2.5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
); 0.5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F, J, K</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
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93
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<paragraph id="A0D9D7A3FCEE698DE0AC0E547F3C8654" pageNumber="873">&quot;Habitat in Sicilia.&quot; RCN: 2199.</paragraph>
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Original material:
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Herb. Clifford: 116,
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; [icon] in Boccone, Icon. Descr. Rar. Pl. Siciliae: 34, 32, 33, t. 16, f. 2, t. 17. 1674.
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Current name:
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(L.) Boiss.
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168
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<taxonomicName LSID="93B88E3B-C112-73BD-0146-EED6EAAE8A2F" authority="(Lamark, 1818)" baseAuthorityName="Lamark" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" genus="Tawera" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tawera elliptica" order="Veneroida" pageId="25" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elliptica">Tawera elliptica (Lamark, 1818)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. A Aulacomya atra (8 x 4 mm) B Mytilus edulis chilensis (4 x 3 mm) C Astarte longirostra (5 x 5 mm) D Limea pygmaea (9 x 6 mm) E Zygochlamys patagonica (14 x 11 mm) F Austrochlamys natans (7.1 x 6.5 mm) G Carditella naviformis (5 x 3.5 mm) H Tawera elliptica (10 x 11 mm) I Gaimardia trapesina (14 x 7 mm)." pageId="25" pageNumber="74">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="74">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="74">
9 spm (8
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10 - 10
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="74" type="synonymy">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="74">Synonymy.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="74">
See
<bibRefCitation author="Gordillo, S" journalOrPublisher="Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" pageId="35" pageNumber="84" pagination="587 - 601" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.009" refId="B56" refString="Gordillo, S, 2006. The presence of Tawera gayi (Hupe in Gay, 1854) (Veneridae, Bivalvia) in southern South America: did Tawera achieve a Late Cenozoic circumpolar traverse? Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240: 587 - 601, DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.009" title="The presence of Tawera gayi (Hupe in Gay, 1854) (Veneridae, Bivalvia) in southern South America: did Tawera achieve a Late Cenozoic circumpolar traverse?" url="10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.009" volume="240" year="2006">Gordillo (2006)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="74" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="74">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="74">
The morphology of this species is similar to the smallest specimens of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="74">Retrotapes exalbidus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Zelaya, DG" editor="Haeussermann, V" journalOrPublisher="Nature in Focus, Chile" pageId="43" pageNumber="92" pagination="461 - 504" refId="B201" refString="Zelaya, DG, 2009b. Bivalvia - Bivalvos. In: Haeussermann, V, Foersterra, G, Eds., Fauna Marina Bentonica de la Patagonia Chilena. Nature in Focus, Chile: 461 - 504" title="Bivalvia - Bivalvos." volumeTitle="Fauna Marina Bentonica de la Patagonia Chilena." year="2009 b">Zelaya (2009b)</bibRefCitation>
showed that they can be differentiated in that
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lamark" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Bivalvia" family="Veneridae" genus="Tawera" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tawera elliptica" order="Veneroida" pageId="25" pageNumber="74" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elliptica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="74">Tawera elliptica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has wider cords and finer interspaces and the inside of the shell is either purplish or brownish. All specimens collected during this study had a strong violet coloring on the inside of the valves.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="74" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="74">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="74">
WTSP:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Valparaíso">Valparaiso</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Hupe, LH" journalOrPublisher="Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile. Zoologica" pageId="36" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 499" refId="B72" refString="Hupe, LH, 1854. Fauna Chilena. Molluscos. Historia Fisica y Politica de Chile. Zoologica 8: 1 - 499" title="Fauna Chilena. Molluscos." volume="8" year="1854">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Húpe">Hupe</normalizedToken>
1854
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Osorio, C" journalOrPublisher="Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile" pageId="38" pageNumber="87" pagination="185 - 256" refId="B114" refString="Osorio, C, Bahamonde, N, 1970. Lista preliminar de lamellibranquios de Chile. Boletin del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile 31: 185 - 256" title="Lista preliminar de lamellibranquios de Chile." volume="31" year="1970">Osorio and Bahamonde 1970</bibRefCitation>
). Magellanic: Gulf of Corcovado (
<bibRefCitation author="Cardenas, J" journalOrPublisher="Gayana" pageId="34" pageNumber="83" pagination="202 - 240" publicationUrl="10.4067/s0717-65382008000200010" refId="B27" refString="Cardenas, J, Aldea, C, Valdovinos, C, 2008. Chilean marine mollusca of Northern Patagonia collected during the CIMAR-10 Fjords Cruise. Gayana 72 (2): 202 - 240, DOI: 10.4067/s0717-65382008000200010" title="Chilean marine mollusca of Northern Patagonia collected during the CIMAR- 10 Fjords Cruise." url="10.4067/s0717-65382008000200010" volume="72" year="2008">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cárdenas">Cardenas</normalizedToken>
et al. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
), and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Traiguén">Traiguen</normalizedToken>
Island (
<bibRefCitation author="Reid, DG" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="39" pageNumber="88" pagination="109 - 146" refId="B135" refString="Reid, DG, Osorio, C, 2000. The shallow-water marine mollusca of the Estero Elefantes and Laguna San Rafael, southern Chile. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Zoology 66 (2): 109 - 146" title="The shallow-water marine mollusca of the Estero Elefantes and Laguna San Rafael, southern Chile. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="66" year="2000">Reid and Osorio 2000</bibRefCitation>
); Strait of Magellan (
<bibRefCitation author="USNM" journalOrPublisher="Manual of conchology. Structural and systematic with illustrations of the species." pageId="42" pageNumber="91" publicationUrl="http://invertebrates.si.edu/" refId="B187" refString="USNM, 2010. National Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History., http://invertebrates.si.edu/ [accessed 3 May 2013]" title="National Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History" url="http://invertebrates.si.edu/" year="2010">USNM 2010</bibRefCitation>
): Punta Santa
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
(this record), Dawson Island (
<bibRefCitation author="USNM" journalOrPublisher="Manual of conchology. Structural and systematic with illustrations of the species." pageId="42" pageNumber="91" publicationUrl="http://invertebrates.si.edu/" refId="B187" refString="USNM, 2010. National Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History., http://invertebrates.si.edu/ [accessed 3 May 2013]" title="National Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History" url="http://invertebrates.si.edu/" year="2010">USNM 2010</bibRefCitation>
), and Carlos III Island (
<bibRefCitation author="Aldea, C" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="73 - 89" publicationUrl="10.4067/S0718-686X2011000200006" refId="B7" refString="Aldea, C, Rosenfeld, S, Cardenas, J, 2011a. Caracterizacion de la diversidad de moluscos bentonicos sublitorales en la isla Carlos III y areas adyacentes, Estrecho de Magallanes, Chile. Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia 39 (2): 73 - 89, DOI: 10.4067/S0718-686X2011000200006" title="Caracterizacion de la diversidad de moluscos bentonicos sublitorales en la isla Carlos III y areas adyacentes, Estrecho de Magallanes, Chile." url="10.4067/S0718-686X2011000200006" volume="39" year="2011 a">Aldea et al. 2011a</bibRefCitation>
); Beagle Channel (
<bibRefCitation author="Rochebrune, AT" journalOrPublisher="Mollusques. Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn." pageId="39" pageNumber="88" refId="B140" refString="Rochebrune, AT, Mabille, J, 1889. . Mollusques. Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn. VI" volume="VI" year="1889">Rochebrune and Mabille 1889</bibRefCitation>
), Ushuaia (
<bibRefCitation author="USNM" journalOrPublisher="Manual of conchology. Structural and systematic with illustrations of the species." pageId="42" pageNumber="91" publicationUrl="http://invertebrates.si.edu/" refId="B187" refString="USNM, 2010. National Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History., http://invertebrates.si.edu/ [accessed 3 May 2013]" title="National Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History" url="http://invertebrates.si.edu/" year="2010">USNM 2010</bibRefCitation>
), Puerto Williams (
<bibRefCitation author="Dell, RK" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Dominion Museum" pageId="35" pageNumber="84" pagination="155 - 233" refId="B46" refString="Dell, RK, 1971. The marine Mollusca of the Royal Society Expedition to southern Chile, 1958-1959. Records of the Dominion Museum 7 (17): 155 - 233" title="The marine Mollusca of the Royal Society Expedition to southern Chile, 1958 - 1959." volume="7" year="1971">Dell 1971</bibRefCitation>
), Orange Bay (
<bibRefCitation author="Rochebrune, AT" journalOrPublisher="Mollusques. Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn." pageId="39" pageNumber="88" refId="B140" refString="Rochebrune, AT, Mabille, J, 1889. . Mollusques. Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn. VI" volume="VI" year="1889">Rochebrune and Mabille 1889</bibRefCitation>
), and Cape Horn (
<bibRefCitation author="USNM" journalOrPublisher="Manual of conchology. Structural and systematic with illustrations of the species." pageId="42" pageNumber="91" publicationUrl="http://invertebrates.si.edu/" refId="B187" refString="USNM, 2010. National Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History., http://invertebrates.si.edu/ [accessed 3 May 2013]" title="National Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History" url="http://invertebrates.si.edu/" year="2010">USNM 2010</bibRefCitation>
); Malvinas/Falkand Islands (
<bibRefCitation author="Dell, RK" journalOrPublisher="Discovery Reports" pageId="35" pageNumber="84" pagination="99 - 250" refId="B45" refString="Dell, RK, 1964. Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Mollusca: Amphineura, Scaphopoda and Bivalvia. Discovery Reports 33: 99 - 250" title="Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Mollusca: Amphineura, Scaphopoda and Bivalvia." volume="33" year="1964">Dell 1964</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Linse, K" journalOrPublisher="Berichte zur Polarforschung" pageId="37" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 131" refId="B86" refString="Linse, K, 1997. Die Verbreitung epibenthischer Mollusken im chilenischen Beagle-Kanal. Berichte zur Polarforschung 228: 1 - 131" title="Die Verbreitung epibenthischer Mollusken im chilenischen Beagle-Kanal." volume="228" year="1997">Linse 1997</bibRefCitation>
), and Staten Island (
<bibRefCitation author="USNM" journalOrPublisher="Manual of conchology. Structural and systematic with illustrations of the species." pageId="42" pageNumber="91" publicationUrl="http://invertebrates.si.edu/" refId="B187" refString="USNM, 2010. National Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History., http://invertebrates.si.edu/ [accessed 3 May 2013]" title="National Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History" url="http://invertebrates.si.edu/" year="2010">USNM 2010</bibRefCitation>
). WTSA:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Grande do Sul and Uruguay (
<bibRefCitation author="Gordillo, S" journalOrPublisher="Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology" pageId="35" pageNumber="84" pagination="587 - 601" publicationUrl="10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.009" refId="B56" refString="Gordillo, S, 2006. The presence of Tawera gayi (Hupe in Gay, 1854) (Veneridae, Bivalvia) in southern South America: did Tawera achieve a Late Cenozoic circumpolar traverse? Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240: 587 - 601, DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.009" title="The presence of Tawera gayi (Hupe in Gay, 1854) (Veneridae, Bivalvia) in southern South America: did Tawera achieve a Late Cenozoic circumpolar traverse?" url="10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.03.009" volume="240" year="2006">Gordillo 2006</bibRefCitation>
), and Buenos Aires Province (
<bibRefCitation author="Carcelles, A" journalOrPublisher="Revista del Museo de La Plata" pageId="33" pageNumber="82" pagination="236 - 309" refId="B24" refString="Carcelles, A, 1944. Catalogo de los moluscos marinos de Puerto Quequen. Revista del Museo de La Plata 3: 236 - 309" title="Catalogo de los moluscos marinos de Puerto Quequen." volume="3" year="1944">Carcelles 1944</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>