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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.602.8136" ID-PMC="PMC4978033" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-602-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFA86D39FFE2FFF3FF8AFFEBC209FFDE" ID-PubMed="27551193" ID-Zenodo-Dep="126863" ID-ZooBank="65EFA27673454AC69B78DBE7E98D6103" ModsDocID="1313-2970-602-1" checkinTime="1467777339758" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Neubauer, Thomas A." docDate="2016" docId="93A53B4F54DA5C7E8F744B85FFDDC9C6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 602: 1-358" docOrigin="ZooKeys 602" docPubDate="2016-07-05" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.602.8136" docTitle="Melanopsis praemorsa subsp. var. var. pseudofallax Sacco 1895" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFA86D39FFE2FFF3FF8AFFEBC209FFDE" lastPageNumber="226" masterDocId="FFA86D39FFE2FFF3FF8AFFEBC209FFDE" masterDocTitle="A nomenclator of extant and fossil taxa of the Melanopsidae (Gastropoda, Cerithioidea)" masterLastPageNumber="358" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="226" updateTime="1718368541800" updateUser="guilherme">
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<treatment id="93A53B4F54DA5C7E8F744B85FFDDC9C6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182233053" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:93A53B4F54DA5C7E8F744B85FFDDC9C6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/93A53B4F54DA5C7E8F744B85FFDDC9C6" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="225" pageNumber="226">
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<taxonomicName id="BC343EC4ACEAF71CADBC81BA66A49532" ID-CoL="7V88B" LSID="93A53B4F-54DA-5C7E-8F74-4B85FFDDC9C6" authority="Sacco, 1895" authorityName="Sacco" authorityYear="1895" class="Gastropoda" family="Melanopsidae" genus="Melanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanopsis praemorsa subsp. var. var. pseudofallax" order="Sorbeoconcha" pageId="225" pageNumber="226" phylum="Mollusca" rank="variety" species="praemorsa" subSpecies="var." variety="pseudofallax">Melanopsis praemorsa var. pseudofallax Sacco, 1895</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0A7C0CA51C1E5FA83CDE7D2CD91E86C2" pageId="225" pageNumber="226">Original source.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0515AD00181E3C1B504E8D3418A0677E" pageId="225" pageNumber="226">
<bibRefCitation id="FA49FCEF39FDDD76EBA7924575FA13AB" author="Sacco, F" journalOrPublisher="Carlo Clausen, Torino" pageId="329" pageNumber="330" publicationUrl="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46676page/9/mode/1up" refId="B458" refString="Sacco, F, 1895. I molluschi dei terreni Terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte XVIII (Melaniidae, Littorinidae, Fossaridae, Rissoidae, Hydrobiidae, Paludinidae e Valvatidae). Carlo Clausen, Torino, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46676page/9/mode/1up" title="I molluschi dei terreni Terziarii del Piemonte e della Liguria. Parte XVIII (Melaniidae, Littorinidae, Fossaridae, Rissoidae, Hydrobiidae, Paludinidae e Valvatidae)." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/46676page/9/mode/1up" year="1895">Sacco 1895</bibRefCitation>
: 9, pl. 1, fig. 14.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="398E384A583E593D81EAEA0703B2A0F9" pageId="225" pageNumber="226" type="type horizon">
<paragraph id="4EFAF109918E8E39062BA95933FADCF9" pageId="225" pageNumber="226">Type horizon.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E61A6A431E6663597D938FA081F81C09" pageId="225" pageNumber="226">Early Messinian, late Miocene.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3688E8978B2CC6AE73C1EB3981056ADB" pageId="225" pageNumber="226" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="0381CE46146334E27BD02001E18ED698" pageId="225" pageNumber="226">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6BEA188DCC8B82B820A2F40E8D6B44DE" pageId="225" pageNumber="226">&quot;S. Marzano Oliveto&quot;, Italy.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="44723B01A9DC7B82A73B621997DA820E" pageId="225" pageNumber="226" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="79C7650197FDA893CE3E74245F7EC19D" pageId="225" pageNumber="226">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0513F48030493F1645DF946BEAF7C974" pageId="225" pageNumber="226">
<bibRefCitation id="512A38B5C961C2DCF3E1D5A63B0D6686" author="Wenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Gastropoda extramarina tertiaria" pageId="333" pageNumber="334" pagination="2503 - 2886" refId="B542" refString="Wenz, W, 1929. Fossilium Catalogus I: Animalia. Gastropoda extramarina tertiaria vol. IX: 2503 - 2886" title="Fossilium Catalogus I: Animalia." volume="vol. IX" year="1929">Wenz (1929</bibRefCitation>
: 2733) considered the taxon as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="3D428F5221AB8E7248980C4F1DC004B2" authorityName="Sacco" authorityYear="1895" class="Gastropoda" family="Melanopsidae" genus="Melanopsis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melanopsis fusulatina" order="Pteropoda" pageId="225" pageNumber="226" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fusulatina">
<emphasis id="8B21AE76250C66003760EF23077A9620" italics="true" pageId="225" pageNumber="226">Melanopsis fusulatina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sacco, 1895.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=140484" authority="Loew, 1869 *" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Mycetophila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mycetophila sigmoides" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sigmoides">Mycetophila sigmoides Loew, 1869*</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2011-6-12/8-2" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectionCode="JJH" collectorName="J. Jakovlev" country="Finland" latitude="60.166" location="Tullisaari, Stansvikin kartano" longitude="25.027" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">J.Jakovlev</collectorName>
; individualCount:
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; sex:
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; Location: country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">Finland</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Nylandia; municipality: Helsinki; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:93A58F1F0EA879BEB83E89544B7F9633:EC56F760E702FBDB88CD91445A34DA1F" country="Finland" latitude="60.166" longitude="25.027" name="Tullisaari, Stansvikin kartano" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">Tullisaari, Stansvikin kartano</location>
; decimalLatitude:
<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" value="60.166">60.166</geoCoordinate>
; decimalLongitude:
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; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: J.Jakovlev; Event: samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" value="2011-6-12/8-2">2011-6-12/8-2</collectingDate>
; habitat: City parks_old protected mansion park in the city of Helsinki with numerous old hollow deciduous trees, mainly lime trees, oaks and maples; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">JJH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2004-8-23/10-4" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectionCode="JJH" collectorName="J. Jakovlev" country="Finland" latitude="60.238" location="Karkali _ South" longitude="23.785" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">J.Jakovlev</collectorName>
; individualCount:
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">1</specimenCount>
; sex:
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">male</specimenType>
; Location: country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">Finland</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Regio
<normalizedToken originalValue="aboënsis">aboensis</normalizedToken>
; municipality: Karjalohja; locality:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:93A58F1F0EA879BEB83E89544B7F9633:86E5539F2AE166F6664F1D1DD9A585A0" country="Finland" latitude="60.238" longitude="23.785" name="Karkali _ South" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">Karkali_South</location>
; decimalLatitude:
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; decimalLongitude:
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; geodeticDatum: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: J.Jakovlev; Event: samplingProtocol:
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
; eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" value="2004-8-23/10-4">2004-8-23/10-4</collectingDate>
; habitat: old-growth forest, herb-ric type; Record Level: institutionCode:
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">JJH</collectionCode>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">
Holarctic. The species was described from USA (
<bibRefCitation author="Loew, H." journalOrPublisher="Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" pagination="129 - 186" title="Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria nona" volume="13" year="1869">Loew 1869</bibRefCitation>
) and has been reported from Canada (
<bibRefCitation author="Laffoon, J. L." journalOrPublisher="Iowa State College Journal of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" pagination="141 - 340" title="A revision of the Nearctic species of Fungivora (Diptera, Mycetophilidae)" volume="31" year="1957">Laffoon 1957</bibRefCitation>
), Russia (Siberia and Far East,
<bibRefCitation author="Zaitzev, A. I." journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Dipterological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" pagination="77 - 386" title="Fungus gnats (Diptera, Sciaroidea) of the fauna of Russia and adjacent regions. Part 2." volume="14" year="2003">Zaitzev 2003</bibRefCitation>
, Karelia,
<bibRefCitation author="Polevoi, A." editor="Gromtsev, A." journalOrPublisher="Karelian RC RAS, Petrozavodsk" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" title="Prirodnye kompleksy Vepsskoi volosti: osobennosti, sovremennoe sostoyanie, okhrana i ispolzovanie [Nature complexes of Vepsian Volost: Features, present-day status, conservation and management]" year="2005">Polevoi and Humala 2005</bibRefCitation>
), Czech republic, Hungary (
<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">Chandler 2004</bibRefCitation>
), Britain, France and northern Italy (
<bibRefCitation author="Gibbs, D." journalOrPublisher="Dipterist Digest (Second Series)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" pagination="7 - 13" title="Two Fungus Gnats (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) new to Britain" volume="16" year="2009">Gibbs 2009</bibRefCitation>
), Norway (
<bibRefCitation author="Kjaerandsen, J." journalOrPublisher="Norwegian Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" pagination="147 - 171" title="Fungus gnats (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae) from More og Romsdal" volume="54" year="2007">Kjaerandsen and Jordal 2007</bibRefCitation>
) and Sweden (
<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">Kjaerandsen 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Here reported formally as new for Finland.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">Ecology</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">
Larvae are associated with wood-decaying polyporous fungi,
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Coriolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Coriolus" order="Polyporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Coriolus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName genus="Daedaliopsis" lsidName="Daedaliopsis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" rank="genus">Daedaliopsis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Agaricomycetes" family="Fomitopsidaceae" genus="Fomitopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Fomitopsis" order="Polyporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Fomitopsis</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Zaitzev, A. I." journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Dipterological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" pagination="77 - 386" title="Fungus gnats (Diptera, Sciaroidea) of the fauna of Russia and adjacent regions. Part 2." volume="14" year="2003">Zaitzev 2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Sevcik, J." journalOrPublisher="Silesian Museum, Opava" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" title="Czech and Slovak Diptera associated with fungi" year="2010">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ševčík">Sevcik</normalizedToken>
2010
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). The Finnish collecting site is a hemiboreal herb-rich forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" type="conservation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">Conservation</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1068">
Red-listed in Norway (DD,
<bibRefCitation author="Anonymous," journalOrPublisher="Artsdatabanken" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" title="Rodliste for arter 2010" year="2010">Anonymous 2010</bibRefCitation>
) and Finland (VU,
<bibRefCitation author="Penttinen, J." editor="Rassi, P." journalOrPublisher="Ympaeristoeministerioe &amp; Suomen ympaeristoekeskus, Helsinki" pageId="0" pageNumber="1068" title="The 2010 Red List of Finnish Species" year="2010">Penttinen et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
). This species has only been recorded in Britain since 1998 but is now widespread in southern England, suggesting that it is a recent arrival. Records elsewhere in western Europe suggest that it has recently spread and it is possible that its spread into Fennoscandia has also been recent (P.Chandler, pers. comm). An increase in records might therefore be expected, so red-list status may be premature.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<document id="756E32DE997FE72FD4077BBC4FCC88C6" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="85e37851-a91a-406c-8641-d9529f5bf68d" ModsDocAuthor="Smith, F." ModsDocDate="1859" ModsDocID="10342" ModsDocOrigin="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/10342/10342.pdf" ModsDocTitle="Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace at the Islands of Aru and Key." checkinTime="1243371892959" checkinUser="christiana" docAuthor="Smith, F." docDate="1859" docId="93A5A9F12A549451C9682D0CBA7D9580" docLanguage="en" docName="10342" docOrigin="Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 3" docSource="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/10342/10342.pdf" docTitle="Podomyrma levifrons" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="147" masterDocId="DF4B5657B3F84A24326A16E2DD6F2CE4" masterDocTitle="Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace at the Islands of Aru and Key." masterLastPageNumber="158" masterPageNumber="132" pageNumber="146" updateTime="1701311045341" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D4E2FEE82DFE48D4E605980ECA931D60">Catalogue of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace at the Islands of Aru and Key.</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7FA4854E46E4D9ED6A506F4EF3BCF89C">1859</mods:date>
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<treatment id="93A5A9F12A549451C9682D0CBA7D9580" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6295853" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100134933" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6295853" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:93A5A9F12A549451C9682D0CBA7D9580" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/93A5A9F12A549451C9682D0CBA7D9580" lastPageNumber="147" pageNumber="146">
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<paragraph id="D8F0710450E8867266C6F8F98053481E" pageNumber="146">
3.
<taxonomicName id="57144FE3C0A5F4BD3E7B01A9DADBA950" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:188102" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Podomyrma" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Podomyrma levifrons Dalla Torre" lsidName-HNS="Podomyrma levifrons Dalla Torre" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="levifrons">Podomyrma levifrons</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="DB2E0E6FD6E91940F5E46F9372969811" type="description">
<paragraph id="831D85E7D819B84909BB108277BEB8FC" pageNumber="146">P. obscure ferruginea; capite abdomineque l oe vissimis lucidisque; thorace longitudinaliter striato; femoribus medio valde incrassatis, basi tenuissimis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D816F395A13C8D982AF5C12F1EFBF55" lastPageNumber="147" pageNumber="146">Worker. Length 2 1 / 2 lines. Head and abdomen smooth, shining black, in some &quot; examples fusco-ferruginous; the antennae, legs, and thorax ferruginous, the latter longitudinally striated; the thorax margined at the sides, the disk slightly convex, the anterior margin slightly rounded, with the lateral angles armed with short acute spines, the thorax deeply strangulated posteriorly, the metathorax not spined; the femora thickly swollen in the middle and very slender at thenbase and apex. Abdomen ovate, the first node of the petiole oblong, the second globose.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="131AA4DA77F5FD33D77E711AEDD0EA92" pageNumber="147">
Hab.
<collectingRegion id="4ADC1427802F7986B8DFC1AE79A1C585" country="Indonesia" pageNumber="147">Aru</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="98ABB90848C2473909BEF2B51C6A2EBC" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9C41E2D895698847CFEEC545110855E1" pageNumber="147">There is considerable variation in intensity of colouring in examples of this species, the thorax and legs being sometimes pale ferruginous; in the specimen described they are dark; every shade of gradation occurs in different individuals.</paragraph>
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