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<mods:title id="45BF3EDE9C171590810C5B9A400024D4">A revision of the British species of the genus Phthiracarus Perty 1841 (Cryptostigmata: Euptyctima)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="C9491063E54EE2AE4A1E7930796B274C">Bull. British Mus. nat. Hist., Zool. ser.</mods:title>
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<treatment id="933B3C9271DBE631F2AF55B072D5B2FA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6283519" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100112500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6283519" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:933B3C9271DBE631F2AF55B072D5B2FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/933B3C9271DBE631F2AF55B072D5B2FA" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="3" pageNumber="324">
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<subSubSection id="F84C20F117786FE6A17D2C29726F2EA3" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="3" pageNumber="324" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5170413DF7726E8C32F915B4CA6A9E12" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="3" pageNumber="324">
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[
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<pageBreakToken id="BA3F767609D4E87E531BEFD654EAE796" pageId="4" pageNumber="325" start="start">
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Genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0A7523C8F18C0003C8110736802E47A7" ID-CoL="6PDV" ID-ENA="229740" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus Perty</taxonomicName>
|
||||
]
|
||||
<subSubSection id="903AF46E216DEA882B014747F7ECF54D" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="332" pageId="4" pageNumber="325" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CA7B89AF7708981B03EF50ACCCA3FF5B" pageId="4" pageNumber="325">External morphology</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="24AF16CD218D994F9DDCB0D63C8630F5" pageId="4" pageNumber="325">
|
||||
The following account of the external morphology of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0F242EC39FE96D2CE1C1509794076F9C" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
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refers to the adult only; full descriptions of the immature stages will form the basis of another paper. The setal nomenclature used in the later works of Grandjean has been followed throughout the account.
|
||||
</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="11BF33B0AE4DA771AD038250AE106074" pageId="4" pageNumber="325">Idiosoma</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AC912F005E6091C5ADD38AE7860E9FDD" pageId="4" pageNumber="325">
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Aspis; Fig. 1B-D; Pl. 1a, e): A pair of oval weakly-sclerotized areas anterodorsally marks the positions of the retracted chelicerae. The ventral margin of the aspis is reflexed to form the aspal rim (a.r.) and there is a distinct lateral ridge (l.r.). The bothridium (b.) has an inner multi- chambered wall and a smooth outer one from which three finger-like chitinous tracheoles arise and are directed mid-dorsally. The margin of the bothridial aperture is thickened (as shown by the arrow in Pl. le) and fianked posteriorly by a pronounced scale. There are three pairs of procum- bent dorsal setae, the rostrals (ro), lamellars (la) and interlamellars (il), and two pairs of setae laterally, the exobothridials (ex) and the sensilli. In most of the species examined, setae il and la are located at the level of the bothridia, la being somewhat shorter than il. The sensilli are variable in form and so provide a useful taxonomic feature. In some species they are short, ovate or lanceolate while in others they are long, narrow and tapering. The sensillar margin may be serrated (Pl. 1a) and in
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||||
<taxonomicName id="E273E328C47CC0EAEA4C6E888A4EDA8E" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="1281" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrulatus">P. serrulatus</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F222FCA6A31EADABD5C08F5DA0077A7F" pageId="4" pageNumber="325" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||||
it bears a number of straight-edged teeth sub- terminally. The sensillus is most easily observed in scanning electron micrographs as in flattened slide preparations its appearance can depend very much on orientation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DE110A77C2392D76B8366E973C5E228A" pageId="4" pageNumber="325">
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Notogaster (Fig. 1A, E; Pl. 1e): The anterior margin of the notogaster is well sclerotized and, following Jacot (1930), can be subdivided into three regions: the thickened collar (C), the pseudo-stigmatic [sensillar] notch (N) (Pl. 1e) and the lappet (L) which projects somewhat anteriorly. Of the 15 pairs of setae, 14 are regarded as being homologues of c1-3 and cp, d1-2, e1-2, h1-3 and ps1-3 of the holotrich nomenclature, and the additional seta as ps4. The distributional pattern of notogastral setae is essentially similar in all the British species but the relative lengths and attitudes of the setae vary considerably from one species to another. The vestiges of setae (f1) and (f2) are thought to be represented by two pairs of subcuticular structures located posterolaterally (Grandjean, 1950). Vestigial f1 normally lies between setae h1 and ps1 and f2 between setae h1 and h2 but in certain small species (for example,
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||||
<taxonomicName id="D43CBF3B653FA54B4992A8BD0868F803" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="1541" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="325" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrulatus">P. serrulatus</taxonomicName>
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||||
) f1 is closely associated with the seta h1. There are four pairs of prominent subcuticular fissures: the anteriors (ia) and medians (im) are situated just posterior to seta cp while the posterior pleurals (ip) and infrapleurals (ips) (when present) are situated on either side between setae h2 and h3 and between setae ps3 and ps4, respectively.
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||||
</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph id="D1A875C994C0368EEFFC53A6BE9578FF" pageId="4" pageNumber="325">Ano-genital region (Figs 2E; 3B; Pl. 1b): On each anal plate there are five setae. Two anal setae an1-2 are located on the paraxial margin and three adanals ad1-3 submarginally; setae ad1-2 are often vestigial. Each anal plate has a prominent hood-like lobe located ventro-anteriorly on its paraxial margin and in the so-called 'left fitting' arrangement (van der Hammen, 1963) the lobe on the right-hand plate overlaps that on the left-hand plate while in the 'right fitting' arrange- ment (as shown by the arrow in Fig. 2E) the reverse is true. Van der Hammen has suggested that the arrangement of these interlocking lobes and the condition of setae ad1-2 (present or vestigial) could be useful taxonomic features. This view is not, however, supported by the present study since these two features have been found to exhibit considerable intraspecific Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="42ABD06100B8EA79251ABD3C2AD277EC" pageId="4" pageNumber="325">On each genital plate there are two well-developed anterior ridges separated by a median furrow. The furrow bears a single aggenital seta ag1 antiaxially (Pl. 1b). There are nine genital setae arranged in two rows. The anterior five setae g1-5 are minute and located on the paraxial border while the posterior four setae g6-9 are moderately short and submarginal. There are three pairs of genital papillae (g.p), the anterior pair being rather small. Elongate oval structures have been observed inside the genital papillae and these may prove to be spermatophores. The first two pairs of genital papillae border the ovipositor, which, when fully extended, can be seen to be a rather short tube divided into a distal and a proximal portion by a weak circular constriction.</paragraph>
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||||
<caption id="5B8B634AB149A4D35146985EE1710266" pageId="5" pageNumber="326">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8F6EA12D7ACBA4ECB3A035730C88A37F" pageId="5" pageNumber="326">
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||||
<pageBreakToken id="308C978F3EF4BF71288EE4000F2A4F75" pageId="5" pageNumber="326" start="start">Fig</pageBreakToken>
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. 1
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||||
<taxonomicName id="24CD4C9D9A423FEECD04FA47EFF7CFFA" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="326" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Phthiracarus affinis</taxonomicName>
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: (A) notogaster, lateral; (B) sensillus and bothridium; (C) aspis, dorsal; (D) aspis, lateral; (E) notogaster, dorsal.
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</paragraph>
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||||
</caption>
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||||
<caption id="DA92B40CB3EDBCF5625FC94A2306A25F" pageId="6" pageNumber="327">
|
||||
<paragraph id="32948C73C70C53F08B0B08965F035153" pageId="6" pageNumber="327">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="B27D96D3DA8A1AE6D2073817FA2F7424" pageId="6" pageNumber="327" start="start">Fig</pageBreakToken>
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. 2
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<taxonomicName id="2A4B09B618D83D1B58D00760B1F5A26B" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Phthiracarus affinis</taxonomicName>
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: (A) pedipalp; (B) chelicera, antiaxial; (C) chelicera, paraxial; (D) infracapitulum, ventral; (E) ano-genital region.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="A2BE3C3F94800AA26FA67578CFE7F5EE" pageId="7" pageNumber="328">
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||||
<paragraph id="86039FF7E6C76806D5502DBF63AEC734" pageId="7" pageNumber="328">
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<pageBreakToken id="3B1C6E45547695C37BE256DDBDBD1DC3" pageId="7" pageNumber="328" start="start">Fig</pageBreakToken>
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. 3
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<taxonomicName id="7C90C6831ABAD1B689F6619083603ED3" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Phthiracarus affinis</taxonomicName>
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: (A) coxisternal region; (B) ovipositor, lateral.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="1A63BA51B9AA8AAC48961157AD582501" pageId="7" pageNumber="328">
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The six coronal (k) setae which Grandjean (1956) found on the constriction in
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<taxonomicName id="7A7E74FA46FAAB99F0C7C58612258BF7" class="Arachnida" family="Camisiidae" genus="Heminothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="targionii">Heminothrus targionii (Berlese)</taxonomicName>
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and in the 'higher' oribatid mite
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<taxonomicName id="4A1663A4CE1C14639C1C43045FD5C2BE" class="Arachnida" family="Eremaeidae" genus="Eremaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hepaticus">Eremaeus hepaticus C. L. Koch</taxonomicName>
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are apparently absent in all the British
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<taxonomicName id="D2B09ED6C1D8DAB70745D20463300848" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
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species. The surfaces of both portions of the ovipositor are strongly pleated. Distally, three eugenital lobes Surround the opening of the ovipositor: an unpaired ventral lobe and a pair of laterodorsal lobes (as shown by the arrows in Fig. 3B). The ventral lobe is triangular in anterior view and bears two pairs of setae distally (psi1-2), the posterior pair (psi2) being the shorter. The two laterodorsal lobes are larger, compressed laterally, and each bears seven setae (tau1-7) antiaxially.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ADFC76B575F41CCFCBE3CCD59145ADCD" pageId="7" pageNumber="328">
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Feider & Suciu (1957) figured two pairs of setae, presumably (psi1) and (psi2), on the ovipositor of
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<taxonomicName id="98FDC9D53D45588047584D653DF7B883" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lentulus">
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P.
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<taxonomicName id="80F9B3AA059C03D0D3052AD64FB717F3" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lentulus">lentulus (C. L. Koch)</taxonomicName>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and in
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<taxonomicName id="1282D684732D4D7AFDC91756E285E9EA" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="55317" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parabotrichus">P. parabotrichus Feider & Suciu</taxonomicName>
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, a dorsal group of seven setae and a smaller ventral group of three setae were shown, possibly (tau) and (psi) respectively. Harding (1976), in his description of
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<taxonomicName id="8D6D8929A56B183D42AFC4BD7B560849" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="2299" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murphyi">P. murphyi</taxonomicName>
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, identified 16 setae on the ovipositor: three setae on each of the laterodorsal lobes, two setae on the ventral lobe and six setae which he considered as the coronals.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="14BF19F6247CB061B1DC074A9803E748" pageId="7" pageNumber="328">Gnathosoma</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A46FA82D216D7A07AEEAB2C75C0AB24D" pageId="7" pageNumber="328">Infracapitulum (Fig. 2D; Pl. 1c): The lateral Ups (L) bear three pairs of adoral setae (or1-3), the anterior pair (or1) being brush-like (Pl. 1c) and the two posterior pairs weakly serrated. The infracapitulum is 'sternarthrous' (Grandjean, 1957) and the rutella (RU) are without atelobasic expansions. There are three pairs of infracapitular setae: an anterior (a) and a median pair (m) of long smooth setae located on the genae (G) and a rather short posterior pair (h) located on the hysterostoma (H). Laterally there is a single pair of barbed supracoxal setae (e).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BAFC09949A39D18AEEC52C921B9934D0" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="7" pageNumber="328">
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Pedipalps (Fig. 2A; Pl. 1d): The pedipalps are only three-segmented. The basal segment, formed from the fused trochanter, femur and genu, bears two setae, the tibia two setae and the tarsus seven setae and a solenidion. The three most distal of the tarsal setae are eupathidial: the
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<pageBreakToken id="C3190E85D2AADE7A8A75CAC7333F1FF5" pageId="8" pageNumber="329" start="start">anteroculminal</pageBreakToken>
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acm, anterior ultimal ul' and posterior ultimal ul". The subultimal seta sul is a minute spine-like process at the base of seta ul' (as shown by the arrow in Pl. 1d) and also appears to be eupathidial.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="74305C0CA75D57B83055DAA219AEDF59" pageId="8" pageNumber="329">Chelicerae (Fig. 2B, C): Both the fixed and the movable digits are dentate. The movable digit has four teeth and the fixed digit carries five. The latter are arranged in two rows, an outer one of two and an inner one of three teeth. The large principal segment which terminates in the fixed digit, bears a number of short conical spines on the antiaxial surface and a larger number of sharply pointed spines paraxially; the spines are distributed extensively on the paraxial surface but are restricted to a more compact zone antiaxially. There are two cheliceral setae, an anterior seta chb inserted on the antiaxial surface and a posterior seta cha located dorsally. Both setae are serrated, cha being somewhat longer than chb.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="41EB6D6DF9BC620D3EF58527EEC103C6" pageId="8" pageNumber="329">Legs</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5F43A04343F2E4E01A6430607BEACDE2" pageId="8" pageNumber="329">Legs 11 to IV are approximately equal in length while leg I is longer and more robust. The indivi- dual epimera are separate and, except for epimera II, each bears a single seta, 1a, 3a and 4a respectively (Fig. 3A). All the legs have five segments: the trochanter, femur, genu, tibia and tarsus, and terminate in a single claw bearing two ventral teeth and an antero- and posterolateral row of serrations (Pl. 2c).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FF5A814B72D2D818846C0C9924EFE43D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="331" pageId="8" pageNumber="329">
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Solenidia (Pl. 2a, b, e): The solenidiotaxy (12-1-3; II 1-1-2; III 1-1-0 and IV 0-1-0) is constant in the 13 species examined and typical of that found in other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CB6389AA8A58E79D300C7D17031E1E60" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phthiracaridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. All the
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<pageBreakToken id="03181C4D43730B4DAF9E5BA4F1115478" pageId="10" pageNumber="331" start="start">tarsal</pageBreakToken>
|
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solenidia are transversely striated as described by Grandjean (1935) for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A4B51C663DC26E83E1CC6CE8E52A9E72" class="Arachnida" family="Oribotritiidae" genus="Oribotritia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berlesei">Oribotritia berlesei (Michael)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. On tarsus I the solenidion omega1 is closely associated with the famulus e (Pl. 2a) which is short and rugose. Solenidion omega2 is the longest of the three tarsal solenidia and has a small distal coupling seta (Pl. 2b). Harding (1976) described such a setal/solenidial association in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="39DD1E70D4B29605DB111004556BAE93" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="2961" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murphyi">P. murphyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="650FBECC3526B9531DB80E2B055BF83D" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="2962" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">P. nitens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but noted that solenidion omega2 was apparently free in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="78A42D3191D9074CA53420D0477855B7" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="3028" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonymum">P. anonymum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In the present study the scanning electron microscope has revealed the presence of a distal coupling seta in all the British species. Although usually short and simple, in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A1AFA9CFD7A059FCC5B5999FCDC7167A" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="3003" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rectisetosus">P. rectisetosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="698DD858D13B79ADA03039DE4B35B3EC" pageId="10" pageNumber="331" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
this seta is long, prominent and apparently divided into two parts by a longitudinal constriction, the distal part being produced into a scabre-shaped process reminiscent of that found in species of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D112C246480F92A697C7A9C8C3D8AFE9" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Steganacarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Steganacarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see Parry, 1978). On all legs the tibial solenidion phi is coupled with a reduced dorsal seta (PI. 2e) while on genu I solenidion sigma2 is coupled with a-reduced lateral seta.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="328B81522A549D59ACD989C6944FEBEA" pageId="10" pageNumber="331">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B6469226A6BAE75FEE7D437D603520DB" pageId="10" pageNumber="331">
|
||||
Fig. 4
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="239279DB0868ABF7719AFAE2B9F2FE75" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="331" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Phthiracarus affinis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, leg 1: (A) tarsus, dorsal aspect; (B) trochanter to tibia, posterolateral aspect.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="8E9701D761BD92FD0DC62B50F6F6122E" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5E32E215942A701282344E1F2ED3D5F4" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="05E242F5F3233BCFB9B1A8B668F1F4E5" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" start="start">Fig</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
. 5
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="704123C233BE613717F74F710EBB156B" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Phthiracarus affinis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, legs 11-1V; (A) leg II, posterolateral aspect; (B) leg III, anterolateral aspect; (C) leg IV, anterolateral aspect. (Fig. 5A-C are drawn at the same magnification.)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A792090AA4611F750D4A017F5E4F470E" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Leg setae (Figs 4; 5; 14; Pl. 2d): In all the larger species examined the formulae for the leg setae are: I (1-4-2-5-16-1); II (1-3-2-3-12-1); III (2-2-1-2-10-1) and IV (2-1-1-2-10-1). This complement will be referred to as the 'complete chaetotaxy type' (Figs 4; 5). On tarsus I only 16 of the 20 setae regarded by Grandjean (1940) as being characteristic of 'higher' Oribatei are present, the primilaterah and postlarvals always being absent. Four setae Surround the base of the claw, namely, a dorsal pair of prorals (p) and a ventral pair of unguinials (u). Three pairs of setae are located posterodorsally to the prorals: the iterals (it), tectals (tc) and fastigials (ft). Ventrally, behind the unguinials, there is an unpaired subunguinial seta s and a pair of primiventral setae (pv). A single pair of anterolateral setae (a) is located laterally behind the prorals and the unguinials.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AD3B46CB5ACE2E0845BA25F21A008752" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||||
On tarsi II to IV there is a reduction in the number of setae to 12, 10 and 10 respectively: setae (it), a' and e are absent on tarsi II to IV, seta pv" on tarsus III, seta a" on tarsi III and IV and seta ft" on tarsus IV. Furthermore, the tarsal setae exhibit considerable variety in form. On tarsus I six of the setae (s, (it), (p) and a') are hollow eupathidia. On all four tarsi setae (ft) and (pv), together with a" on tarsi I and II, are generally more or less straight, circular in section and bear two or three rows of lateral serrations. In certain species (for example,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="56D633A34C64065420268D637366FC57" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="3593" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globus">P. globus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BB42C53898030BB8585AD5C83F96A27" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
) seta ft" on tarsus II is hooked distally. The other tarsal setae, (tc) and (u) on tarsus I and (tc), (u), (p) and s on tarsi II to IV, are ribbon-like, hooked distally and covered with whorls of spicules in the middle third. Such setal ornamentation is, however, only discernible in the larger species of the genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2B8106437BF202DA937C05147E218988" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||||
The setation of the four proximal leg segments is shown in Table 1. Apart from tibia I which bears a whorl of live setae (d, l', l", v' and v"), each of the other segments bears an incomplete whorl of one to four setae. Seta d on femur I is somewhat thickened, serrated and curved distally (Pl. 2d) in all the species examined except
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CB1C26E07F10A9035E9BFFED2A951C44" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="3772" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavatus">P. clavatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BFBC0F48B1E733F73D3843BE761B97D2" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A47E57B5392D00F68CD08C92B414A8E9" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="3766" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globus">P. globus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="63375400F861F35C3464F849E1E4986D" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
where it is rather long, straight and only weakly serrated. On all segments setae (l) and (v) carry two or three rows of serrations.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="F23258A80180185578DBEE19860D183D" ID-Table-UUID="F23258A80180185578DBEE19860D183D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F23258A80180185578DBEE19860D183D" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EF0D0BF073FF044B0F32DE461A6ECFC7" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||||
Table 1 Chaetotaxy of the four proximal leg segments in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="981D38C7F5B248ADDA65DE283DADDECD" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="81C1293EB8CA21581958235341581D37" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||||
<table id="340D8EA52B7DE56287C7E705C4CC51CD" border="1" frame="box" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" rules="all">
|
||||
<tr id="C4CC92B7085DC83BF0CB43F1DCCA00EA" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||||
<td id="3579066608F7941AC21987A0841302D9" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Segment</td>
|
||||
<td id="1ABF04C203E9ECB4FB326DC60D9F0B28" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Leg I</td>
|
||||
<td id="9049CE02EF55C5ECF54FD1C6C14EE8A9" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">II</td>
|
||||
<td id="181DB1B1F95F94418060061C46C8FC38" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">III</td>
|
||||
<td id="F3F8389FDD25EB5E4DAC918BDFB85E85" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">IV</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="2CA175B9106E64052084FF2B7B9AA9B1" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||||
<td id="E56194ECF4133D0F2F43A5648E10BA32" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Tibia</td>
|
||||
<td id="DF5643DFF14E5293424C5A55A36508F1" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">d, 1', 1", v', v"</td>
|
||||
<td id="570D4D88BD0E007BD937C30887FF3C47" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">d, l', v"</td>
|
||||
<td id="D2BCDD9DAD7EC423488772E91A2DD150" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">d, v'</td>
|
||||
<td id="4F1F69FC9A84126AE7C0D870FFDDE931" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">d, v"</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="56D63A180E50579690863A554EE76B35" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||||
<td id="88E46FCC5AE54F6058FB0D67B0A82EFC" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Genu</td>
|
||||
l'
|
||||
<td id="4694E41F749CE1B227DB54E4D88C996A" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">, l"</td>
|
||||
l'
|
||||
<td id="ECD8D24F3457F9E820751F54077D5F1E" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">, l"</td>
|
||||
<td id="78D8ED03E4B81EED346B0E2951A81172" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">l'</td>
|
||||
<td id="2854A72F4E1520BFB55511E66FB9333F" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">l'</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="332E0958730350667973671DF1AFFC55" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||||
<td id="2D5FC463206CF173AEF132551F213854" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Femur</td>
|
||||
<td id="90F72416F2F028BBEB2046304340CE7E" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">d, l", v', v"</td>
|
||||
<td id="D0AE525EC072DF5D44318F6C134FFB58" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">d, l', v"</td>
|
||||
l'
|
||||
<td id="3943BC787850DD5DA35F4F7558758F56" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">, l"</td>
|
||||
<td id="A5585B56FADFEEAB5A0448137C79EB24" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">l"</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr id="F709C24377B10BCB768876799D814D1B" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||||
<td id="BFE26BA2F37CA404305A7D611B174D30" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">Trochanter</td>
|
||||
<td id="2B142707283CFAF73411518E190F8A6D" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">v'</td>
|
||||
<td id="145FCC571DBDD4B513D7AF88B8C1ADBD" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">v"</td>
|
||||
<td id="BE9BE7EAE445D0CBB4CE778F5F4A4C6E" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">v', v"</td>
|
||||
<td id="3B11A275D793A6C887A7E8C39DC26BFC" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">v', v"</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A29120FEC973B45FBF4357E4E1F7D8A6" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="332" pageId="9" pageNumber="330">
|
||||
In all the smaller species of the genus (for example,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7A32B7C2E9BB562EF3441329A31661F2" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="3849" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tardus">P. tardus Forsslund</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) there are fewer setae on legs I, II and IV (Fig. 14): tarsus I bears 15 setae (a' absent), tarsi II and IV usually bear 11 and 9 setae respectively (s absent), femur I bears 3 setae (v' absent) and genu IV is without any setae (l' absent). Thus the setal formulae (referred to here as the 'reduced chaetotaxy type') are: I (1-3-2-5-15-1); II (1-3-2-3-11-1); III (2-2-1-2-10-1) and IV (2-1-0-2-9-1). In
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A1603EFA1C670C010DA3A83145B35439" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="4070" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="330" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonymum">P. anonymum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(a variant of the 'reduced chaetotaxy type') the number of setae on tarsus IV is further reduced
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="F94A669DF2E30E765EA7F644AA2A3CB1" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" start="start">by</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
the absence of seta pv'. Although the total number of setae on leg III is constant throughout the genus, in species of the 'complete chaetotaxy group' seta pv" is absent and seta s present while the reverse is true in the 'reduced' group.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9506D179117EF96D855951B51D07A4E1" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="948C74C97DE994F0C5ABC3C6F7C54557" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">Review</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A9B4FEB5CA0B3B73B0834040405D551A" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
|
||||
Perty proposed the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AB046D238DEE180566B97F84074DC91D" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in 1839 and two years later created the 'family' Phthiracarea (now
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9AB2B2AEC2FE7DE8D15A10C4AEF20FE9" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phthiracaridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) for the Single species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4EC81E85EFFCD27C4EF6EE4B69DB53DA" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="6429" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="contractilis">P. contractilis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Perty's original specimens are presumed to be lost and his figures (subsequently published by Claparede, 1868) and description are such as to make the specific identity of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F1C3239BEB2C857B2D4592DA16186834" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="2" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="contractilis">contractilis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
impossible to determine.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="77332DD467966F1F5A14BBB06DF8E839" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="69FBF4540CBA633E11363DB66D43859E" class="Arachnida" family="Argasidae" genus="Acarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piger">Acarus piger</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Scopoli, 1763, the oldest species currently classified in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BA7D3D0DAE4324CC37FC45A2F8A33B60" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, was originally assigned to the genus by Oudemans (1915). The mite described by Scopoli, for which there is no type material available, is undoubtedly ptychoid but there is no evidence to suggest that it is a species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="947DF966A71646A462C0D0CC086F5056" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
- it is probably a member of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CA079329B135D7B0BCEAF26C4D9ABF78" genus="Euphthiracaroidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" rank="genus">Euphthiracaroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see Jacot, 1930).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F61B108D2B58A3F8EE25A5A9D1474F59" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
|
||||
The systematic position of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="42792353389AA8D0646AFBF55A1F2F8E" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Arachnida" family="Oribatulidae" genus="Oribates" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dasypus">Oribates dasypus Duges</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, 1834 is also somewhat uncertain although the species is evidently ptychoid. Michael (1888) recorded
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="409EF1C6B630FEEE1DCCC1144700EB25" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Arachnida" family="Oribatulidae" genus="Oribates" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dasypus">dasypus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in the British Isles. The specimen labelled
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C185C64E21B5FAA04AF02D78C7583BA0" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dasypus">Hoplophora* dasypus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Theydon Bois in the Michael Collection (deposited in the BMNH) is
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FFEF928ED7836448EBCB4BF0D88B7ACE" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="4328" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavatus">P. clavatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B9B5B371086D8FC09BF516306D9C545F" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
|
||||
In 1841 ten species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CF319FC50493FD18AE340D06D5F5D9FC" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplophora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, nine† of which are currently classified in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2D18E1F27B104D5DB72A0764135E3A58" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, were described by Koch from woodland habitats near Regensburg. While it seems probable that these mites have been correctly assigned to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="55AC22B65A0CB58855CCF09502F26DA9" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(with the ecxeption of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4BCD15E1A91338CFE56527258B24E149" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.bestMatchDistance="50547" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testudinea">H. testudinea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
which is possibly a member of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="44DEC16FB165AB40D984340A48FAE2B3" genus="Euphthiracaroidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" rank="genus">Euphthiracaroidea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), only two of Koch's descriptions refer to 'key characters' which might permit certain reidentification. In comparison with the other Regensburg species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AA8C39C24E8E51953EB1F785CC25ED02" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.bestMatchDistance="47697" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosa">H. globosa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is very 'globular' while in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="09E379CC7A811E673728A0B10A1FFCE6" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.bestMatchDistance="5571" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigata">H. laevigata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the notogaster is 'angled' at the level of seta c1. The remaining six species can only be divided into two groups on the basis of their notogastral setae;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="11C68FCBA8D3F0AD81DCF6F8C3E93B4C" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinita">crinita</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="087F1DA9A24BB231FC1678FBCF414DD2" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginea">ferruginea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ECE7424F21DCE360D8D0A29499034E4F" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longula">longula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are each characterized by 'long setae' while the other three species (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3F7939FDCE7FAB4F386A83138028CA74" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lentula">lentula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A1C3A785B78C4969DB951C2C09A239E1" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lucida">lucida</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4909C120416AD3A3FDDE51D0899574F0" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="straminea">straminea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) are all described as being 'sparsely setose'. Despite the inadequacy of Koch's descriptions and the apparent absence of any type material, various interpretations of his species have been published, amongst others by Jacot and van der Hammen. In Les
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="149865137DA1380B28670F3C926634A8" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phthiracaridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
de Karl Ludwig Koch, Jacot (1936) redescribed six species from topotypic material but neglected details of the leg and notogastral chaetotaxy, now regarded as being essential for the Separation of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2FEE5DF55B11B2A26431D47EDA6B8F21" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species. More recently, van der Hammen (1963), in one of his series of papers on the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="91146AA0E0B5C7C47D235A1FA675C968" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phthiracaridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, has published a detailed description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="52BC34A62DEC6B07551B1B28EF18AE8A" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="4563" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigatus">P. laevigatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(from material collected at Regensburg) and has designated a neotype. Van der Hammen (personal communication) also believes that he has topotypic material of Koch's seven other species but until these specimens have been examined it seems advisable to postpone any decision concerning their taxonomic Status.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="231E19667648B961B9A003BE4164CB50" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9EB76C4F706B16978AFB325CB6532660" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">Hoplophora nitens Nicolet</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(1855), recorded as common in the woods around Paris, is a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CB931F5A2AA60A61B73744DCC2F7A530" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species. The true identity of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="464DFBAA0D1A32D30D816B32AFDF2870" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitens">nitens</taxonomicName>
|
||||
appears to be doubtful, although van der Hammen's redescription (see Hammen, 1964) from topotypic material is generally accepted.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E3A6D0C1BEDF0092BCC940B6E5376DF6" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1526DBD63818C21A6E3AAC66C5142626" authority="Michael, 1898" authorityName="Michael" authorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoploderma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oribatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italicum">Hoploderma italicum Oudemans</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(1907), recorded from Tiarno, Italy, is not based on a type specimen but on Berlese's description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="12CBCAC86EA232FDF987F9451B57B2D8" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.bestMatchDistance="408" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dasypus">H. dasypus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
which Oudemans regarded as being distinct from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="60366C3C86E6218079BEE69F7648A838" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Arachnida" family="Oribatulidae" genus="Oribates" genus.bestMatchDistance="448" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dasypus">
|
||||
O.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4D660A753F02885CC697C60ED24CB9AC" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dasypus">dasypus Duges</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Van der Hammen (1952) considers the specimens of both Berlese and Oudemans as being useless for reidentification purposes.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<footnote id="D9623EA9B7330B73152D44EAD493CEEF" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2B134A5A61E292AE05A805534E7E172B" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
|
||||
* Certain species now assigned to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C59D36DBB3027818DB81787F4C113CFD" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have in the past been classified in two other genera,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5FA59FB96784B2C3F1FEAC2DF4B44194" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplophora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
C. L. Koch and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AC42EC5D64D1E5E0D23FBEA938DEA1BF" authority="Michael, 1898" authorityName="Michael" authorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoploderma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oribatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoploderma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Michael. The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B1CC351244CCF79AE57765B87034C849" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplophora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was erected by Koch in 1836 for two species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4E036BD017F6F4F1DEB259D131BA8A94" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decumana">
|
||||
H.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="81C85BEBB30CB617D82CC8922A67B915" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decumana">decumana C. L. Koch</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="97205EDC22819801C8F122811175C318" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.bestMatchDistance="816" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stricula">
|
||||
H.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EBC3EB77E1E2D7372492207B417EF025" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="2" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stricula">stricula C. L. Koch</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, currently classified in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="427DD1714334316BAE4ACA5C51034B95" class="Arachnida" family="Oribotritiidae" genus="Oribotritia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oribotritia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F23074E145915A8783E214D22ACDD9DE" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Steganacarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Steganacarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
respectively. In 1841 Koch described further species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C128A042D60AD40E4DB0071C07351DBE" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplophora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but did not publish a diagnosis of the genus or designate a type (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F615E4D9B5353F38EA8342030A1D952E" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.bestMatchDistance="4308" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigata">H. laevigata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) until the following year. Jacot's 1928 application to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature for a ruling on the validity of the type designation (Koch, 1842) for a genus first published six years earlier (Koch, 1836) was not published until 1946 (see Jacot, 1946). The Commission's subsequent ruling (I.C.Z.N., 1953) allowed
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BFCE4A1C5509322043F01D75F6407F62" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.bestMatchDistance="4080" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigata">H. laevigata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to be retained as the type (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6B6CD4A487C534342C5F96988DD740F8" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.bestMatchDistance="4050" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigata">H. laevigata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is here regarded as a species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6D4406B56812E86137783A091FA584D" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) since the genus was not originally monotypic and did not contain a species called typus or typicus. However, the generic name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4D285620E86F7C5963E49322254F13FA" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplophora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
had been found by Michael (1898) to be preoecupied by
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A969F5139748FC87B54F6D20D87FC8C7" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplophora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Perty, 1833 (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D8F19417498CF0638C68715607ABBBCE" authority="Mace, 1920" authorityName="Mace" authorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Nemopteridae" genus="Neuroptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), and the new name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ED620A106C10955CDFDDFFF9E32D6FA6" authority="Michael, 1898" authorityName="Michael" authorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoploderma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oribatida" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoploderma</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was proposed.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</footnote>
|
||||
<footnote id="D6589998F5FB0342A18948A9CF6C083B" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1EB15792FA0C01BAB9620B04C2A8B2DD" pageId="11" pageNumber="332">
|
||||
† The tenth species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D28DD5705EC01F28AE3A2F86762B9F7A" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hoplophora</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="046AF60D4B1CE323B363F1EAA8092C22" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ardua">H. ardua</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, is now classified in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="500E8C7C6C956067FCD34E5D3074A90D" class="Arachnida" family="Euphthiracaridae" genus="Rhysotritia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="332" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhysotritia</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</footnote>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EA03D7BABFBA6C77BDA88E931EF51491" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F32CBFD55E68DBBFA8FC27F9A6F9DCED" authority="Michael, 1898" authorityName="Michael" authorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoploderma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oribatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boreale">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="5D4F326FA9D9DB9E831726EC901E6EBA" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" start="start">Hoploderma</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
boreale
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FA8E0C7DD9770DA1897121E9C272EAA8" originalValue="Trägardh" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">Traegardh</normalizedToken>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(1910) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="219B90B9344CC79846ACD4619F62C36C" authority="Michael, 1898" authorityName="Michael" authorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoploderma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oribatida" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affine">Hoploderma affine Hull</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(1914) are both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DE8F582F9F431F157971F686BF06D461" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species. This is evident from the figures of these mites and has been confirmed by examination of 'cotype' and syntype material respectively. The characteristic features of these two species are now certain.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EB6DCFD7E666E6D92B8E228BDA8B433D" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">
|
||||
Oudemans (1915) proposed the name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A5C1D0A4EBB8B76EFAA359E3A594723A" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undatus">Phthiracarus undatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
for the 'larve' of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F9B547611506F8F52A3E5D8C7F56CA30" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stricula">Hoplophora stricula</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(sensu Nicolet, 1855). While Nicolet's figures and description appear to refer to an adult oribatid mite, there is no evidence to suggest a
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="437BD68AB6C587D12E7A2836C8531651" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AD9531D3AE721513D94EA2AB1BB09028" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">
|
||||
Berlese (1920 & 1923) described six species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B044D8F5ACD3BE565117E7A62A210374" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1698587E884D8B85E7DAE0F60BAF48F4" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundus">rotundus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8E6ED2D26BAF79B04D0573073EF62786" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roubali">roubali</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CE395E8F184C5B232494CC1CD049DC19" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subglobosus">subglobosus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are European while
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="15A05E940E47E8D149E19870D42CA5C2" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="46641" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrimus">P. nigerrimus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was collected from Argentina,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2F552680EDBB0209564190429416D51B" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="45165" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curtulus">P. curtulus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the United States and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="352B873DE2C272C71B270125A3DC1FAC" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="47211" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pudicus">P. pudicus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from South Africa. The type of each of these species has been examined by Dr J. G. Sheals (BMNH) who has found that their condition is such as to make any chaetotactic characters impossible to discern. In 1959 van der Hammen reviewed all Berlese's species of primitive oribatid mites deposited in the 'Stazione di Entomologia Agraria', Florence, but could not confirm the identities of any of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C426405B1E3CDDBA35FCBBA854423599" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0FA8A40C3E8D5A71D37055D601F15B7D" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">
|
||||
Jacot (1928-1939) described 13 species from North America and a single species (P. insular is) from the Marquesas Islands. Of these, type material is available for eight species (see Appendix 1), seven of which are represented by a number of 'cotypes' while only
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CE90F06C7C0341BEA4FE1863B5B64BA5" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="44181" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevisetae">P. brevisetae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is based on a holotype. All Jacot's
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FB130D7CD3EF7126EDCEF2A264250A73" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
specimens are mounted in Canada Balsam, the majority being entire and uncleared. The shape of the sensillus and the relative lengths and attitudes of the dorsal notogastral setae can usually be seen in such preparations but the leg chaetotaxy is extremely difficult to study. In view of the condition of Jacot's material, it seems advisable to postpone any decision regarding the identities of his
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C92AAE22AC12CD9ED4822FE990D9945D" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species until all the type specimens have been dismounted and cleared (an exercise which will be complicated by the presence on each 'cotype' slide of additional species of this and other genera). It can, however, be noted that
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E627A1E30CDA04B36A89EAAFF71BDD98" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="43806" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevisetae">P. brevisetae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
appears to be close to if not conspecific with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A7381AD2CA3CA52051EC0293AA520076" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="5393" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevigatus">P. laevigatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, while the differences between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F056F493DE9429DE170EF01EDF728C22" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="anonymus" subSpecies="amicus">anonymus amicus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and Grandjean's
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AF9FF6323D5FA26B6E80F2C1D62A28E4" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonymum">anonymum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are evidently not sufficient to Warrant subspecific ranking.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="24BCB3C08EE4CC8ED593252A4150389C" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="14918" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insularis">P. insularis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="433796BF4A159815C74C185997A9F0E9" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="46968" genus.bestMatchVote="4" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="setosellum" subSpecies="bryobium">P. setosellum bryobium</taxonomicName>
|
||||
possibly have affinities with two British species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DE251B19DBED0B902327A6A8C884FF72" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="5414" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murphyi">P. murphyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DE747E3BBB115C5B42E990EBA4F0C86A" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="3994" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavatus">P. clavatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
respectively.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="22FB86399BBFC1E61513D071B79ACE4E" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">
|
||||
In 1933 Grandjean published the first of a series of detailed works on the external morphology of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="80CDD004C77CE50D83EA9B22CA90DA96" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="2915" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonymum">P. anonymum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a species he recorded from rotting wood in his cellar at Perigueux, Dordogne, France. By Clearing whole and dissected specimens (Grandjean, 1949) he was able to observe the patterns of setae on the body shields (Grandjean, 1933, 1934 & 1950), which provided new criteria for the identification of species of this genus. Hitherto, species differentation had been based almost entirely on body shape and colour, two characters now known to be uniform in many
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BBE4AE98183801F5C171329A5B14A1D7" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species. Grandjean (1935, 1940 & 1946) also undertook the first detailed studies of the leg chaetotaxy of oribatid mites, introducing the System of nomenclature now in general use. However, in recent years the majority of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1C90E74B5C235CA91E1F11AE753A046D" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species have been defined solely in terms of characters visible in undissected material. Leg chaetotactic characters have only rarely been studied (van der Hammen, 1963; Sheals, 1965; Ramsay, 1966; Harding, 1976) probably due to difficulties in Interpretation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="095A9F47EA5A8AC05E10E2C2E6FC9DA6" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">
|
||||
Further
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2E6D0D131683681871FB9876AF0AB8EA" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species have been described by Willmann (1932, 1939 & 1951), Woolley (1954) and Forsslund (1956) (see under Descriptions of species). However,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="97ACDF3A939761CE0A995B60528FC148" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="45279" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peristomaticus">P. peristomaticus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, recorded by Willmann (1951), from a number of habitats including leaves, turf and subsoil under buckthorn, guelder-rose and alder,
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1A6291070DA56D52DF966E4FAFAA7957" originalValue="nördlich" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">noerdlich</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1E4A71A5D03CF26989BA8EF8D07C164C" originalValue="Moosmühle" pageId="12" pageNumber="333">Moosmuehle</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, near Vienna, Austria, cannot be identified either from Willmann's figure or from his description. Moreover, there are no specimens of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E6EB3D1B7DD79D4D93D6BE30AE2E06F8" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="45111" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peristomaticus">P. peristomaticus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in Willmann's Collection (Dr W. Hirschmann, personal communication). Feider et al. (1957, 1958 & 1968) recorded eight species from Rumania, none of which were described in sufficient detail to permit certain reidentification, although
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AE951D9E309BEFECB8F62EE6C0BD1F34" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="42420" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baloghi">P. baloghi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, collected from oak leaves in Iasi, appears to be unique among described species of the genus in having notogastral setae of two markedly different lengths. Unfortunately, it has not been possible to borrow the types of any of the Rumanian species for study. This was also the case with species described by Balogh (1958, 1962, 1963 & 1977) and Krivolutsky (1966 & 1975). Other
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="773F60B4E29EE38B918806C11385494E" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="333" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species have been described from Japan (Aoki, 1958 & 1963), Chile (Hammer, 1962), Nepal (Sheals, 1965), New Zealand (Ramsay, 1966), Spain (Perez-lnigo, 1969), Tahiti (Hammer, 1972), the
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="5F79A391C397078D543E6F89503A3089" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" start="start">Tonga</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
Islands (Hammer, 1973) and the British Isles (Harding, 1976) (see Appendix 1). Of these,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="90396CBE5C664697A512B00F3F8A89D5" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="44901" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robertsi">P. robertsi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, recorded by Sheals from rhododendron litter in Nepal, is of particular interest for, although having certain affinities with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="34274D0A44F959F776ADEB03A69B96C2" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, it shows a general similarity to
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7C12FB83256D10DAAA521A504B6105F5" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Steganacarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Steganacarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The arrangement of setae on the genital and anal plates, while reminiscent of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6844B9EAC2CF816EEDE30BE41A6A99ED" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, is nevertheless 'unusual' for setae ad1-3 are almost marginal. The only diagnostic feature whicli
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="31AB4418F3FA94D069805F3A8F47D764" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="44694" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robertsi">P. robertsi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
appears to share with all species of the genus is the presence of a coupled solenidion on tibia IV. The general shape of the aspis and the form of the integumental ornamentation are characteristic of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E9414D502762932F6F843C3E3AD6AFB6" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Steganacarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Steganacarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species and it is questionable whether
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A0FCCB337BE769D18B1FB21C8B84001E" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="44556" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robertsi">P. robertsi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
should have been classified in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="66C152A128F18927B29EE224D140F99C" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see Sheals, 1969).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0FB4C5957839A9C5CBF79BB1DFD3A9F3" pageId="13" pageNumber="334">
|
||||
There have been relatively few reviews of the British species. In his Synonymic catalogue of British Acari, Turk (1953) listed only five species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E09832D23420BCA06AFBEFCD2EA80AC2" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A4719377D2D75D05C13622A4673B51E8" class="Arachnida" family="Argasidae" genus="Acarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piger">piger (Scopoli)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(=
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="237E1B3F729421FDD1F4230CB4F90AC0" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dasypus">Hoplophora dasypus Duges</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sensu Michael),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BEFAF5CDF0F57A7C1C0ECE222A188A57" authority="Michael, 1898" authorityName="Michael" authorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoploderma" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oribatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affine">affine (Hull)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0D55964C77E17FAA65DA35671E4707A3" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonymum">anonymum Grandjean</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5225AC3701CE3C9909F8BE0B47735941" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligneus">ligneus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Willmann and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="78C4A9DAE5F6DFDA8372158CE3145091" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">spinosum (Sellnick)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(now classified in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0AF13C44C726A7C0A5C05CEC3F866851" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Steganacarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Steganacarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Turk does not give sources for individual records but the above are presumably based on the following published records: Michael, 1888, Haibert, 1915 and Hull, 1916 (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3EDA77E9815FF84F6B6FA84F3E296F4E" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoplophora" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dasypus">dasypus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Hull, 1914 (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="77AD2DB736B2D45D2026AEB7FBE822EA" authority="Michael, 1898" authorityName="Michael" authorityYear="1898" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Hoploderma" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Oribatida" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affine">affine</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Murphy, 1954 (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="349309CCCF503238D91515E4CF8F5D56" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonymum">anonymum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); Macfadyen, 1952 (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2AE7A3E5EB274780467FB0C63D25DAFF" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ligneus">ligneus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="296D20F8171E1241FB30AD704A2ECC7D" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosum">spinosum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Of these, only
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="ABA3FBE0D544B5C7BFF9ECDCD2908648" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.bestMatchDistance="1145" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">P. affinis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="40E5581ED4618630CAEAB286A9F2CE36" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonymum">anonymum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are recognized in the present revision since the taxonomic Status of the other two
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="549C8DF01B950CDD65118FE7DEDE9B83" class="Arachnida" family="Phthiracaridae" genus="Phthiracarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sarcoptiformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="334" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phthiracarus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species is doubtful.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
65
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65
data/93/3B/50/933B50F0AB4F3C886FC754D91862F4B4.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
|
|||
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||||
<paragraph id="E671AFEED96B036EF4723FE3EE22EACE" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B3874BA789FBE62A56FC832A6E0E01DF" ID-CoL="53NYM" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Symmorphus_aurantiopictus" authority="Giordani Soika, 1986" authorityName="Giordani Soika" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Symmorphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmorphus (Symmorphus) aurantiopictus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantiopictus" subGenus="Symmorphus">Symmorphus (Symmorphus) aurantiopictus Giordani Soika, 1986</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5CDCF02CBE07B0822FB00E531EE3B3F0" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F054864A62E443AF5D57F57336BA5F4F" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E682F524243F94D2FEEA667CB3BD4815" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Symmorphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmorphus aurantiopictus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurantiopictus">Symmorphus aurantiopictus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Giordani Soika, 1986: 154, fig. 47;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="DC7609A76EDF549D741749DFFF3DEED2" author="Cumming, JM" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 168" title="Classification and evolution of the eumenine wasp genus Symmorphus Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)." url="10.4039/entm121148fv" volume="148" year="1989">Cumming 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 3, 5, 22 (key), 81.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="615238C235A78ECEEEC7ACE4829FFC4E" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A4E558A54BA7486B9AEF77B4944E9F2A" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="45FA62D1A526600CA89DF2ADB613DA1D" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">No specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="95601BFC24945D432D39981969F00FBC" pageId="8" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E29EBECED87D1C0C10F3EF2B225F58D8" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A7620669CF6981597D696D5713157277" pageId="8" pageNumber="17">China (Jiangsu).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
190
data/93/3B/9B/933B9B265CDA8128E35500CEC29828B8.xml
Normal file
190
data/93/3B/9B/933B9B265CDA8128E35500CEC29828B8.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
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|||
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|
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||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="137551878" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7643A33E-94ED-4DB2-9D47-20A28E808E30" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/933B9B265CDA8128E35500CEC29828B8" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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|
||||
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|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/7643A33E-94ED-4DB2-9D47-20A28E808E30" class="Polychaeta" family="Eunicidae" genus="Marphysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marphysa victori" order="Eunicida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="victori">Marphysa victori</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Figs 2, 3, 4
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
Holotype: AM W.49047, complete, with 470 chaetigers, ~300 mm long, with a length through chaetiger 10 of 12 mm and width of 13 mm at chaetiger 10 (11 mm without parapodia), regenerating posterior segments. Paratypes: MNHN-IA-TYPE 1805, complete, with 537 chaetigers, 386.06 mm long (approx. 77 cm live), with a length through chaetiger 10 of 15.32 mm and a width of 9.17 mm at chaetiger 10 (7.74 mm without parapodia); MNHN-IA-TYPE 1803, complete, with 414 chaetigers, 255.25 mm long, with length through chaetiger 10 of 13.70 mm and width of 10.76 mm (8.46 mm without parapodia) at chaetiger 10; MNHN-IA-TYPE 1804, complete, with 260 chaetigers, 113 mm long, with length through chaetiger 10 of 9.28 mm and width of 6.68 mm (5.9 mm without parapodia) at chaetiger 10; MNHN-IA-TYPE 1806, complete, with 307 chaetigers, 211.3 mm long, with length through chaetiger 10 of 13.17 mm and width of 8.31 mm (6.93 mm without parapodia) at chaetiger 10; MNHN-IA-TYPE 1807, complete (two fragments), with 260 chaetigers, 110 mm long, with length through chaetiger 10 of 9.87 mm and width of 7.85 mm (6.36 mm without parapodia) at chaetiger 10; MNHN-IA-TYPE 1808, complete, with 267 chaetigers, 135 mm long, with length through chaetiger 10 of 8.2 mm and width of 7.40 mm (6.39 mm without parapodia) at chaetiger 10; MNHN-IA-TYPE 1809, incomplete, with 217 chaetigers, 125.3 mm long, with length through chaetiger 10 of 11.53 mm and width of 8.7 mm (7.19 mm without parapodia) at chaetiger 10; AM W.49048, complete with 530 chaetigers, with length through chaetiger 10 of 11 mm and width of 12 mm at chaetiger 10 (10 mm without parapodia), regenerating posterior segments; AM W.49049, complete with ~350 segments, damaged in 3 places, with length through chaetiger 10 of 10 mm and width of 10 mm (8 mm without parapodia. All type material collected from Carret channel, Arcachon Bay, Bay of Biscay, France (
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="44.67639">44°40'35"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-1.1161112">1°6'58"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
), intertidal in muddy sediments, 20 September 2016, coll. by G. Binois.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">(based on holotype and paratypes). Live specimens iridescent, dark red with lighter spots, prostomium appendages and parapodia green olive, end of prostomial appendages whitish, branchial filaments red and iridescent. Recently fixed specimens olive-green to brown with lighter spots, prostomium appendages and parapodia pinkish. Preserved holotype with brown mottled pigmentation anteriorly increases in intensity towards prostomium, antennae, and palps whitish.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">Body</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
long, with same width throughout, slightly tapering at anterior and posterior ends. Prostomium shorter than anterior ring of peristomium, as wide as peristomium, bilobed with buccal lips separated by deep ventral and dorsal notch with each lobe rounded with base of them strongly pigmented (Fig. 2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
). Anterior ring of peristomium longer than posterior ring (2.2 to 3 times) (Fig. 2A, C). Eyes present, positioned between palps and lateral antennae (Fig. 2B), faded in larger specimens (not visible on holotype). Prostomial appendages smooth, arranged in horseshoe, slightly tapering; median antenna longer than lateral antennae, palps shortest appendages (paratypes exhibit considerable variation in the ratio of length of median and lateral antennae and of palps to a lesser extent). Antennal styles and palpostyles smooth although surface slightly wrinkled. MxI more than twice as long as carrier and five times longer than closing system. MxIII at least in part located ventral to MxII. Attachment lamella of MxIII short with irregular shape, placed at the middle of the plate. Left MxIV with attachment lamella semicircular, situated along posterior edge. Right MIV with attachment lamella semicircular, more developed in the central portion, situated along posterior edge. Maxillary formula: I=1+1, II=5+5, III=5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="–6+6–">-6+6-</normalizedToken>
|
||||
7, IV=3-4+0, V=1+1 (Fig. 3E).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
Figure 2.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Eunicidae" genus="Marphysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marphysa victori" order="Eunicida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="victori">Marphysa victori</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n.: A Anterior part, lateral view (paratype MNHN-IA-TYPE 1807) B Anterior part, dorsal view (paratype MNHN-IA-TYPE 1807) C Anterior part, ventral view (paratype MNHN-IA-TYPE 1807) D Pygidium, lateral view (paratype MNHN-IA-TYPE 1803). White arrow showing eye. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, B, C), 1 mm (D).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
Figure 3.
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Eunicidae" genus="Marphysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marphysa victori" order="Eunicida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="victori">Marphysa victori</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n.: A Parapodia from anterior chaetiger (chaetiger 57, paratype MNHN-Arc4) B Parapodia from mid-body (chaetiger 127, paratype MNHN-IA-TYPE 1803) C Parapodia from posterior chaetiger (chaetiger 352, paratype MNHN-IA-TYPE 1803) D Anterior parapodia (from chaetiger 8 to 15), lateral view E Maxillae dorsal view (paratype MNHN-IA-TYPE 1809). ANT: anterior part; Cl, Chaetal lobe; Mc, maxillary carriers; MI to MV, maxillae I to V; Nc, notopodial cirri; PCl, postchaetal lobe; POST, posterior part; Vc, ventral cirri. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B, C), 1 mm (D, E).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
Pre-chaetal neuropodia lobe inconspicuous. Post-chaetal neuropodial lobe conical in the 2-3 first chaetigers, elongate rectangular from chaetiger 4, gradually thereafter becomes wider and rounded; longer than chaetal lobe in anterior chaetigers, shorter in median and posterior chaetigers (Figs 3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 4A). Notopodial cirri triangular, occasionally digitiform in last chaetigers; longer than chaetal lobe in anterior chaetigers, shorter than chaetal lobe in median chaetigers and as long as chaetal lobe in posterior chaetigers (Figs 3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 4A). Ventral cirri from chaetiger 1 to 4-5 conical to tapering, with round wide tips, almost as long as notopodial cirri; basally inflated from chaetiger 5-6, inflated base of round shape with round tip (Figs 3D, 4A), around 1/2 as long as notopodial cirri, gradually decreasing from chaetiger 60 to 110; round with distinct tip from chaetiger 111, around 1/3 as long as notopodial cirri. Ventral cirri as long as or longer than neurochaetal lobe at anterior region (Figs 2A, 3D), slightly shorter to as long as neurochaetal lobe at median and posterior region, sometimes longer than neurochaetal lobe in posteriormost chaetigers.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
Branchiae pectinate (Fig. 3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||||
), from chaetiger 32, extending posteriorly by last few chaetigers; number of branchial filaments increasing from 3 in first chaetigers to maximum 6 in mid-body, posterior chaetigers with 2 long filaments (Fig. 3C); filaments increasing in size from around 5 times longer than notopodial cirri in anterior chaetigers, around 7 times in mid-body and around 13 times in posterior chaetigers (Fig. 3C), filaments slightly annulated.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
Chaetae arranged in two bundles: supra-acicular and sub-acicular, separated by a row of aciculae (Fig. 3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||||
). Aciculae dark, with lighter blunt tips, very protruding, 4-6 per parapodium in anterior chaetigers and 2-3 in mid and posterior chaetigers. Subacicular hooks absent. Supra-acicular bundle with limbate and pectinate chaetae; sub-acicular with compound spiniger chaetae (Fig. 4A). Between 25 to 35 limbate chaetae (numbers reducing posteriorly), chaetae of different lengths with hirsute blades, similar to each other. Compound spinigers present, throughout, with more than 40 spinigers within a parapodia, along whole body except last few chaetigers (Fig. 4A, B). Compound falcigers
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">absent</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
. Pectinate chaetae present from chaetiger 2. Up to 34 pectinate chaetae within a parapodia restricted to supra-acicular fascicle of chaetae. Pectinate chaetae of four types. In anterior parapodia, isodont, symmetrical pectinate chaetae (n<10) with 12-16 tapering minute teeth and two long outer winged teeth (nearly 3-4 times longer than inner teeth) (type 2) (Fig. 4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
). Median parapodia with four types of pectinate chaetae (Fig. 4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
): isodont, symmetrical pectinate chaetae of type 2; isodont, symmetrical pectinate chaetae with approximately 14 teeth (type 4); anodont, asymmetrical pectinate chaetae with approximately 14 teeth (type 3); anodont, asymmetrical pectinate chaetae with 2-4 large teeth (type 1) (Fig. 4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
|
||||
). Posterior parapodia with 3 types of pectinate chaetae: isodont, symmetrical pectinate chaetae with 28 teeth (type 2); anodont, asymmetrical pectinate chaetae with nine parallel teeth (type 3); anodont, asymmetrical pectinate chaetae with 2-4 large teeth (type 1). Subacicular bundle comprising up to 40 compound spiniger chaetae in anterior chaetigers, with surface of blade hirsute (Fig. 4B).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
Figure 4. SEM images of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Eunicidae" genus="Marphysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marphysa victori" order="Eunicida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="victori">Marphysa victori</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. (holotype AM W.49047): A entire lateral view of chaetiger 3 B Compound spinigers chaetae (chaetiger 83)
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Different types of pectinate chaetae (chaetiger 243) E Isodont, symmetrical chaetae with many teeth (chaetiger 03). Numbers in white circles indicate the type of pectinate chaetae; limb, limbate chaetae; Nc, notopodial cirri; PCl, postchaetal lobe; pect, pectinate chaetae; spin, spiniger chaetae; Vc, ventral cirri. Scale bars: 500
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(A), 200
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(B), 100
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(C), 20
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(D), 10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(E).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pygidium with only one pair of long pygidial cirri on ventral margin (approximately as long as last 15 segments), anus slightly crenulated with 12 small indentations (Fig. 2D).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="morphological variations">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Morphological variations.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Paratypes with branchiae starting from chaetigers 26 (MNHN-IA-TYPE 1808) to 28 for smaller specimens and from 28 to 34 for larger ones. Eyes clearly visible on small (MNHN-IA-TYPE 1807 and MNHN-IA-TYPE 1808) and medium specimens, more difficult to see on larger ones. One exceptional specimen (MNHN-IA-TYPE 1805) with one pair of small papillae in addition to one pair of pygidial cirri, with papillae placed more ventrally than cirri.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
This species is named after Victor Lavesque, first and second
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="authors’">authors'</normalizedToken>
|
||||
son.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">NE Atlantic, France, Arcachon Bay.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="habitat">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Intertidal on mudflats, under or close to oyster reefs or abandoned oyster farms, 5 to 60 cm depth. Few specimens were found in galleries into old piece of driftwood.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="genetic data">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">Genetic</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
data.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">COI gene was successfully sequenced and published at NCBI GenBank for four paratypes: MNHN-IA-TYPE 1803 (accession number: MG384997), AMW.49048 (accession number: MG384996), MNHN-IA-TYPE 1804 (accession number: MG384998) and MNHN-IA-TYPE 1806 (accession number: MG384999). 16S gene was sequenced and published at NCBI GenBank for two paratypes: MNHN-IA-TYPE 1803 (accession number: MG385000) and MNHN-IA-TYPE 1804 (accession number: MG385001) (Table 1).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
As the identification of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Eunicidae" genus="Marphysa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Marphysa" order="Eunicida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Marphysa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
species from the
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="sanguinea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="sanguinea">sanguinea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group is very complex, molecular tools are very important. First of all, comparison of COI and 16S sequences confirmed that
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. victori" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="victori">M. victori</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. was different from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. sanguinea" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="sanguinea">M. sanguinea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(census
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Zanol, J" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="79 - 100" title="Reconciling taxonomy and phylogeny in the bristleworm family Eunicidae (polychaete, Annelida)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12034" volume="43" year="2014">Zanol et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) (Fig. 5): interspecific pairwise genetic distances were 21.8% for COI and 15.2% for 16S. Secondly, molecular analysis clearly distinguished
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. victori" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="victori">M. victori</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. n. from other species with sequences available in GenBank (Fig. 5). Finally, they permitted us to link morphological differences to age of specimens. Indeed, intraspecific pairwise genetic distance was zero among specimens and allow to conclude that intensity of eye pigments and the segment on which the branchiae first appear was related to the size (age) of worms and not to the presence of different species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 5. Maximum likelihood tree based on cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences and Kimura-2-parameters model. Bootstrap values on nodes if>50.</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
52
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52
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|
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="08C3F0A662142DD9211E2C210CE661B3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:230492" genus="Camponatus" lsidName="Uploaded - Camponatus (Myrmosericus) vestitus var. strophiatus" lsidName-HNS="Uploaded - Camponatus (Myrmosericus) vestitus var. strophiatus" pageNumber="259" rank="variety" species="vestitus" subGenus="Myrmosericus" variety="strophiatus">Camponatus (Myrmosericus) vestitus Sm. v. strophiatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A52DBBFB0C33D35643C1997D9D8177B9" rank="variety">n. var.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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|
||||
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|
||||
<subSubSection id="1A0BD1FFD12F760C2B9694A369F02F11" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6D820D8D17B508795480810A560F44B1" lastPageNumber="260" pageNumber="259">
|
||||
[[ worker ]]. Long: 5,5 a 8,5 mm. Rouge vineux ou rouge violace. Un peu fonce. Devant de la tete, antennes et pattes d'un rouge un peu plus clair. Gastre noir, etroitement borde de jaune sans taches, couvert d'une pelisse jaune grisatre disposee comme chez
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FB9E41479E0D009115DC8AB6D6F2D7A6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:27290" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Camponotus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus vestitus (Smith)" lsidName-HNS="Camponotus vestitus (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vestitus">vestitus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Chez la " [[ worker ]] la tete est plus large et plus robuste que chez le type du Natal, chez l' [[ worker ]] ", la tete est presque noire. Poils dresses du gastre un peu plus longs, du reste semblable.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CDB4BF972D3D00CBEF58F551E32B38F7" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7B34311EDA2CDA0362543E44DE7903E6" pageNumber="260">Cape-town (Reichensperger).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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