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data/03/83/BD/0383BD6CFF895265FF7885C756D60C81.xml Normal file
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<document id="0C0E01A335C9BB4A1ABD248998E8E298" ID-DOI="10.25674/SO95iSS2id316" ID-ISSN="2509-9523" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722631539801" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Grove, André &amp; Delhem, Rik" docDate="2023" docId="0383BD6CFF895265FF7885C756D60C81" docLanguage="en" docName="SoilOrg.95.2.143-153.pdf" docOrigin="Soil Organisms 95 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.25674/so95iss2id316" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA2ECAC87EC21C07AB805D5B9B4601F2.2:SoilOrg.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="EA2ECAC87EC21C07AB805D5B9B4601F2" docStyleName="SoilOrg.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Entomobrya fourcesensis Grove &amp; Delhem, 2023, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="FFBAC514FF8B5267FFD6864455680D2F" masterDocTitle="A new species of Entomobrya (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from southwestern France exhibiting conspicuous sexual dimorphism" masterLastPageNumber="153" masterPageNumber="143" pageNumber="145" updateTime="1722677807410" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="4C4D8A722379CBD742EAD7F26BCD4284">A new species of Entomobrya (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from southwestern France exhibiting conspicuous sexual dimorphism</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="677A10062D800A12F638BD9234DF7891">Grove, André</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="447883582AD8DF9565600BC0382CA46C">Delhem, Rik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="E68F53288C7136E8DC8B9A1AC82E76D5">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0383BD6CFF895265FF7885C756D60C81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193193" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13193193" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0383BD6CFF895265FF7885C756D60C81" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383BD6CFF895265FF7885C756D60C81" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<subSubSection id="C3305FF1FF895265FF7885C7578E0EB4" box="[174,742,899,923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
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<emphasis id="B95ED068FF895265FF7885C7578E0EB4" bold="true" box="[174,742,899,923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicName id="4C2A77F9FF895265FF7885C754D00EB4" authorityName="Grove &amp; Delhem" authorityYear="2023" box="[174,440,899,923]" class="Collembola" family="Entomobryidae" genus="Entomobrya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fourcesensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95ED068FF895265FF7885C754D00EB4" bold="true" box="[174,440,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Entomobrya fourcesensis</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26D6D13FF895265FE6B85C7574D0EB4" box="[445,549,899,923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Delhem &amp; Grove
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</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="B95ED068FF895265FF78858154320EF2" bold="true" box="[174,346,965,989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Type locality.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B420627FF895265FEA5858154250930" country="France" county="Coordinates" elevation="80" latitude="43.99538" location="Occitanie Region" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="0.216783" municipality="Fources" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F33D4CEAFF895265FEA5858154D70EF3" box="[371,447,965,988]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">France</collectingCountry>
,
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,
<location id="8EF55AA1FF895265FD1E858154730ED2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0383BD6CFF895265FF7885C756D60C81:8EF55AA1FF895265FD1E858154730ED2" country="France" county="Coordinates" latitude="43.99538" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="0.216783" municipality="Fources" name="Gers Department" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Gers Department</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF19600FF895265FEFF85A254E90ED1" box="[297,385,998,1022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Fourcès</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62F474F6FF895265FE5885A257790ED1" box="[398,529,998,1022]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Coordinates</collectingCounty>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1E6ABDFF895265FDCD85A257E10ED1" box="[539,649,998,1022]" degrees="43.995381" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" precision="1" value="43.99538">43.995381</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1E6ABDFF895265FD4085A2579F0ED1" box="[662,759,998,1022]" degrees="0.216783" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" precision="1" value="0.216783">0.216783</geoCoordinate>
, altitude
<elevation id="0007EB49FF895265FF39824354250930" box="[239,333,1031,1055]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="m" value="80.0">
<quantity id="4CD2A19FFF895265FF398243544E0931" box="[239,294,1031,1055]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
</materialsCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="B95ED068FF895265FF78826C540D0910" bold="true" box="[174,357,1063,1088]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B420627FF895265FEAD8263542409EC" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Nesbitt's &amp; Hoyer's &amp; Ref. Col. &amp; Eurofins Mitox &amp; Paris." pageId="2" pageNumber="145" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="5491B2D8FF895265FEAD8263548A0910" box="[379,482,1063,1087]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2CC7F3FF895265FE2A826C57780910" box="[508,528,1064,1087]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
(non reproductive) specimen, cleared in
<collectorName id="26DF69ACFF895265FE5D820C5482094F" box="[395,490,1096,1120]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Nesbitt’s</collectorName>
clearing fluid, mounted on slide using
<collectorName id="26DF69ACFF895265FE9C822D54F509AE" box="[330,413,1129,1153]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Hoyer’s</collectorName>
medium labeled as
<collectorName id="26DF69ACFF895265FD42822D579409AE" box="[660,764,1129,1153]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Ref. Col.</collectorName>
no.: M00004, collected by
<collectorName id="26DF69ACFF895265FE1482CE5703098D" box="[450,619,1162,1186]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Eurofins Mitox</collectorName>
, deposited at
<collectionCode id="ED3B94BFFF895265FF4182E8558309EC" box="[151,235,1196,1219]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">MNHN</collectionCode>
in
<collectorName id="26DF69ACFF895265FED882EF542409EC" box="[270,332,1195,1219]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Paris.</collectorName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B950C7AFF895265FF788288542408A7" blockId="2.[151,764,965,1416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<typeStatus id="5491B2D8FF895265FF788288547309CB" box="[174,283,1228,1252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2CC7F3FF895265FEFC8288540A09CC" box="[298,354,1228,1252]" count="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="male">12 ♂</specimenCount>
(four non reprod.) mounted on slide using Hoyer’s medium labeled as Ref. Col. no.: P0002 and
<specimenCount id="9D2CC7F3FF895265FF12834A559F080A" box="[196,247,1294,1318]" count="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="female">13 ♀</specimenCount>
mounted on slide using Hoyer’s medium labeled as Ref. Col. no.: P0026, together with
<materialsCitation id="3B420627FF895265FDEB836A542008A7" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" specimenCount="25" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D2CC7F3FF895265FDEB836A57A20868" box="[573,714,1326,1351]" count="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">25 paratypes</specimenCount>
in a tube in ethanol (70 %) labeled as ref.: 10697a deposited at
<collectionCode id="ED3B94BFFF895265FF418335558308A7" box="[151,235,1393,1416]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">MNHN</collectionCode>
in Paris
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B950C7AFF895265FCFF86B656D60C81" blockId="2.[786,1399,241,430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<typeStatus id="5491B2D8FF895265FCFF86B656FE0C25" box="[809,918,242,266]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2CC7F3FF895265FC7386B5568A0C26" box="[933,994,241,265]" count="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="male">six ♂</specimenCount>
(five non reprod.) mounted on slide using Hoyer’s medium labeled as Ref. Col. no.: P0001 and
<specimenCount id="9D2CC7F3FF895265FCC48770563F0C64" box="[786,855,308,331]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="female">two ♀</specimenCount>
mounted on slide using Hoyer’s medium labelled as Ref. Col. no.: P0004, together with
<specimenCount id="9D2CC7F3FF895265FB6E8710502D0C42" box="[1208,1349,340,365]" count="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">25 paratypes</specimenCount>
in a tube in ethanol (70 %) labeled as ref.: 10697b deposited at NBC in Leiden.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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data/03/92/87/039287F7FF914F64FC92B22D9DBF5BA5.xml
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@ -1,47 +1,48 @@
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B10FF944F61FE34B3DD9B705CAE" author="Skuja H." box="[414,554,663,689]" pageId="15" pageNumber="134" pagination="1 - 403" refId="ref14212" refString="Skuja H. (1956) Taxonomische und Biologische Studien das Phytoplankton Schwedischer Binnengewasser. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Uppsaliensis, 4 th series, 16: 1 - 403" type="journal article" year="1956">Skuja 1956</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13002A64FF944F61FD93B3DD9BCE5CAE" box="[569,660,663,689]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[132,167,1520,1541]" captionTargetBox="[170,1408,233,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-9@11.[152,1451,200,1528]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 3. a – Petalomonas marginalis; b – Petalomonas minuta; c – Petalomonas ornata; d – Petalomonas poosilla; e–f – Ploeotia corrugata; e – general appearance of the cell from ventral and (f) dorsal view showing the ridges; g – Sphenomonas angusta; h – Ploeotia vitrea; i – Polyoeca dichotoma; j – Protaspis obliqua; k – Protaspis tegere; l – Salpingoeca marina; m – Pseudophyllomitus granulatus; n–p – ‘Aegoni’, n – postero-lateral view of the cell showing the beak – like structure; o – posterior view of the cell showing the flagellar insertions; p – general view of the cell. Scale bar: 5 μm for all figures." pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
<figureCitation id="13002A64FF944F61FD93B3DD9BCE5CAE" box="[569,660,663,689]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[132,167,1520,1541]" captionTargetBox="[170,1408,233,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-9@11.[152,1451,200,1528]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 3. a – Petalomonas marginalis; b – Petalomonas minuta; c – Petalomonas ornata; d – Petalomonas poosilla; e–f – Ploeotia corrugata; e – general appearance of the cell from ventral and (f) dorsal view showing the ridges; g – Sphenomonas angusta; h – Ploeotia vitrea; i – Polyoeca dichotoma; j – Protaspis obliqua; k – Protaspis tegere; l – Salpingoeca marina; m – Pseudophyllomitus granulatus; n–p – ‘Aegoni’, n – postero-lateral view of the cell showing the beak – like structure; o – posterior view of the cell showing the flagellar insertions; p – general view of the cell. Scale bar: 5 μm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192966/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">
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<paragraph id="8B8436E1FF944F61FF00B7FB9B3E592C" blockId="15.[132,779,1713,1843]" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">One cell was observed at one occasion. It was difficult to establish the identity of the cell due to not enough information, but its presence is recorded to establish its occurrence in a marine bottom sediment.</paragraph>
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‘Aegoni’ (
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<figureCitation id="13002A64FF944F61FC02B1AD9D7B5F1E" box="[936,1057,231,257]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[132,167,1520,1541]" captionTargetBox="[170,1408,233,1500]" captionTargetId="figure-9@11.[152,1451,200,1528]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 3. a – Petalomonas marginalis; b – Petalomonas minuta; c – Petalomonas ornata; d – Petalomonas poosilla; e–f – Ploeotia corrugata; e – general appearance of the cell from ventral and (f) dorsal view showing the ridges; g – Sphenomonas angusta; h – Ploeotia vitrea; i – Polyoeca dichotoma; j – Protaspis obliqua; k – Protaspis tegere; l – Salpingoeca marina; m – Pseudophyllomitus granulatus; n–p – ‘Aegoni’, n – postero-lateral view of the cell showing the beak – like structure; o – posterior view of the cell showing the flagellar insertions; p – general view of the cell. Scale bar: 5 μm for all figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192966/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="134">Figs 3n–p</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13002A64FF944F61FB86B1AD9D3C5F1E" box="[1068,1126,231,257]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[132,167,1718,1739]" captionText="Fig. 4. a–c – “Aegoni”, a – lateral view of the cell showing the beak – like structure; b – general view of the cell; c – posterior view of the cell showing the flagellar insertions and also extension of the surrounding plate caused by the posterior depression is visible; d – Metromonas grandis; e–f – Notosolenus canellatus; e – ventral view showing posterior flagellum behind the cell body; f – dorsal view of the cell, posterior flagellum in groove; g – Petalomonas minuta, dorsal face of the cell with the deep longitudinal groove; h – Percolomonas similis; i – Polyoeca dichotoma; j – Salpingoeca marina; k – Petalomonas poosilla; l – Petalomonas ornata; m – Petalomonas marginalis, in lateral view, note the margins of the strongly ridged dorsal groove; n – Ploeotia corrugata, dorsal view of the cell with with seven ridges; o – Ploeotia vitrea, dorsal view of the cell with four double raised ridges; p – Protaspis tegere with nuclear caps around the cell; q – Protaspis obliqua, note anterior protrusion; r – Pseudophyllomitus granulatus; s – Sphenomonas angusta in lateral view, note the dash of dorsal groove; t – Kiitoksia ystava. All micrographs are DIC images. Scale bar: 5 μm for all figures." pageId="15" pageNumber="134">4a–c</figureCitation>
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(
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long, 105 lp),
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,
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, leg.
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. Cassar
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;
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(
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, 108 lp),
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,
<date id="FF84107EB722FFDCF0D0FA7A3EABFA57" box="[497,706,1491,1515]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" value="2020-02-16">
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, leg.
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. Cassar
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.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB722FFDCF18FF9BD3D52F990" bold="true" box="[174,315,1556,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Distribution</emphasis>
. Europe:
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,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF363F9BC3EFDF991" box="[578,660,1557,1581]" name="Croatia" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Croatia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF393F9BC3E92F990" box="[690,763,1557,1580]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">France</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF030F99F3D0FF9F2" box="[273,358,1590,1614]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Corsica</collectingCountry>
),
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(mainland, insular excluding
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),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF1DBF9FF3D42F9D2" box="[250,299,1622,1646]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Italy</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB722FFDCF0F5F9FF3E7AF9D2" box="[468,531,1622,1646]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Sicily</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB722FFDCF313F9FF3EF9F9D2" box="[562,656,1622,1646]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF394F9FF3E9EF9D2" box="[693,759,1622,1646]" name="Malta" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Malta</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF1B6F9D13D74F92C" box="[151,285,1656,1680]" name="Serbia" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF006F9DE3D0CF933" box="[295,357,1655,1679]" name="Spain" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Spain</collectingCountry>
(Balearic Isl.); North Africa:
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,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF1B6F9313C8FF90C" box="[151,230,1688,1712]" name="Tunisia" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB722FFDCF1D5F9313DF7F90C" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[244,414,1688,1712]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" pagination="56 - 168" refId="ref5695" refString="Zapparoli, M. (2009): An annotated catalogue of the epigeic and cave centipedes (Chilopoda) of Sardinia. - Zootaxa 2318 (1): 56 - 168 [http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2318.1.6]." type="journal article" year="2009">Zapparoli 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB722FFDCF18FF9103D40F96D" bold="true" box="[174,297,1721,1745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Chorotype</emphasis>
. Mediterranean.
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<paragraph id="8B8536BEB722FFDCF18FF9733E44F8C9" blockId="4.[151,764,1425,1909]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB722FFDCF18FF9733C87F94E" bold="true" box="[174,238,1754,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Notes</emphasis>
. Previously recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB722FFDCF325F9733E92F94E" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[516,763,1754,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" pagination="433 - 456" refId="ref5743" refString="Zapparoli, M., A. Minelli &amp; P. J. Schembri (2004): The centipedes of the Maltese Archipelago (Chilopoda). - Revue Suisse de Zoologie 111 (2): 433 - 456 [http: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80247]." type="journal article" year="2004">Zapparoli et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF1F2F9523D7FF8AF" box="[211,278,1787,1811]" name="Malta" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Malta</collectingCountry>
. It has been found locally in a private garden in an urban environment (
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB722FFDCF099F8B53E6AF888" box="[440,515,1820,1844]" country="Malta" name="Qormi" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Qormi</collectingRegion>
), as well as in garigue (
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB722FFDCF1BFF8943D66F8E9" box="[158,271,1853,1877]" country="Malta" name="Pembroke" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Pembroke</collectingRegion>
), which suggests that this species may occur in a wide variety of habitats in
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF0C7F8F43E40F8C9" box="[486,553,1885,1909]" name="Malta" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Malta</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3DB722FFDCF208FF4738DEFEB7" authority="Cook, 1896" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="1896" box="[809,1207,238,267]" class="Chilopoda" family="Schendylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geophilomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB722FFDCF208FF473865FEB6" bold="true" box="[809,1036,238,266]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">SCHENDYLIDAE</emphasis>
Cook, 1896
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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175
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<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B722FFDCF1CEFD343DC3FD09" box="[239,426,669,693]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" value="2020-02-09">9 February 2020</collectingDate>
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, leg.
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. Cassar
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;
<materialsCitation id="3B523CE3B722FFDCF341FD343D42FD4B" collectingDate="2021-02-07" collectionCode="T" country="Malta" location="Misrats Gtsar" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD37B722FFDCF341FD343EE2FD08" box="[608,651,669,693]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<quantity id="4CC29B5BB722FFDCF3BAFD343E9EFD08" box="[667,759,669,693]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="115.0">115 mm</quantity>
, 131 lp),
<location id="8EE56065B722FFDCF02DFD173DCEFD6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387A8B722FFDCF18FFD913E52FA9A:8EE56065B722FFDCF02DFD173DCEFD6A" box="[268,423,702,726]" country="Malta" name="Misrats Gtsar" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Misrats Gtsar</location>
il-Kbir,
<date id="FF84107EB722FFDCF305FD173E9EFD6A" box="[548,759,702,726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" value="2021-02-07">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B722FFDCF305FD173E9EFD6A" box="[548,759,702,726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" value="2021-02-07">7 February 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
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. Cassar
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3206535B722FFDCF18FFD563E52FA9A" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB722FFDCF18FFD563D31FB3D" blockId="4.[151,764,636,1318]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB722FFDCF18FFD563D57FCAB" bold="true" box="[174,318,767,791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Distribution</emphasis>
. Europe:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF0C3FCA93E54FCA4" box="[482,573,768,792]" name="Albania" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Albania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF345FCA93D4EFC84" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Bosnia and Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF01EFC893DCBFC84" box="[319,418,800,824]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF09BFC893E67FC84" box="[442,526,800,824]" name="Croatia" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Croatia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF307FC883E19FC84" box="[550,624,801,824]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">France</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF1B6FCE83C84FCE5" box="[151,237,833,857]" name="France" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Corsica</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF024FCE83D3AFCE5" box="[261,339,833,857]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Greece</collectingCountry>
(mainland, insular excluding
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB722FFDCF393FCE83E99FCE5" box="[690,752,833,857]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Crete</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF1B6FCCB3CA0FCC6" box="[151,201,866,890]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Italy</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB722FFDCF078FCCB3DF0FCC6" box="[345,409,866,890]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Sicily</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB722FFDCF08BFCCB3E63FCC6" box="[426,522,866,890]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF302FCCB3E0FFCC6" box="[547,614,866,890]" name="Malta" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Malta</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF356FCCB3D7CFC27" name="Macedonia" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Republic of Macedonia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF03EFC2D3DCEFC20" box="[287,423,900,924]" name="Serbia" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF090FC2A3E7DFC27" box="[433,532,899,923]" name="Romania" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Romania</collectingCountry>
(southern),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF3B7FC2A3E91FC27" box="[662,760,899,923]" name="Slovenia" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
, quoted from
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF014FC0D3DFAFC00" box="[309,403,932,956]" name="Portugal" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Portugal</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB722FFDCF0EDFC0D3E06FC00" author="Attems, C. G." box="[460,623,932,956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" refId="ref4379" refString="Attems, C. G. (1929): Myriapoda: 1. Geophilomorpha. - In: Schulze, F. E., W. Kukenthal, K. Heider &amp; R. Hesse (eds): Das Tierreich Bd. 52. - De Gruyter, Berlin, Leipzig: xxiii + 388 pp." type="book" year="1929">Attems (1929)</bibRefCitation>
but not by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB722FFDCF1B6FC6C3D3DFC61" author="Machado, A." box="[151,340,965,989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" pagination="65 - 159" refId="ref4971" refString="Machado, A. (1952): Miriapodes du Portugal. Premeira parte: Quilopodos. - Broteria, Serie trimestral: Ciencias Naturais 21: 65 - 159." type="journal article" year="1952">Machado (1952)</bibRefCitation>
, also in Central Europe according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB722FFDCF199FC4F3DEBFC42" author="Brolemann, H. W." box="[184,386,998,1022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" refId="ref4522" refString="Brolemann, H. W. (1930): Elements d'une faune de Myriapodes de France. 25. Chilopodes. - Impr. Toulousaine, Toulouse: 405 pp." type="book" year="1930">Brölemann (1930)</bibRefCitation>
and in the
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF32EFC4F3EA8FC42" box="[527,705,998,1022]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
(Tuf &amp; Tajovský 2016); North Africa:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF30BFBAE3EE9FBA3" box="[554,640,1031,1055]" name="Algeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Algeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF3B3FBAE3E9EFBA2" box="[658,759,1031,1054]" name="Morocco" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Morocco</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF1B6FB8E3C82FB83" box="[151,235,1063,1087]" name="Tunisia" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
; Austral Africa:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF09CFB8E3E2AFB83" box="[445,579,1063,1087]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(?), introduced (Lawrence 1960); West Asia:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF30FFBE13E12FBDC" box="[558,635,1096,1120]" name="Turkey" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(western) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB722FFDCF1BFFBC03D25FB3D" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[158,332,1129,1153]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" pagination="56 - 168" refId="ref5695" refString="Zapparoli, M. (2009): An annotated catalogue of the epigeic and cave centipedes (Chilopoda) of Sardinia. - Zootaxa 2318 (1): 56 - 168 [http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2318.1.6]." type="journal article" year="2009">Zapparoli 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB722FFDCF18FFB233DB4FB1E" blockId="4.[151,764,636,1318]" box="[174,477,1162,1186]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB722FFDCF18FFB233D40FB1E" bold="true" box="[174,297,1162,1186]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Chorotype</emphasis>
. Mediterranean.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB722FFDCF18FFB023E52FA9A" blockId="4.[151,764,636,1318]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB722FFDCF18FFB023C87FB7F" bold="true" box="[174,238,1195,1219]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Notes</emphasis>
. Previously recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB722FFDCF0DFFB023EDDFB7F" author="Schembri, P. J." box="[510,692,1195,1219]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" pagination="118 - 120" refId="ref5237" refString="Schembri, P. J. (1996): Myriapods. - In: Sultana, J. &amp; V. Falzon (eds): Wildlife of the Maltese Islands. - Environment Protection Department, Malta: 118 - 120." type="book chapter" year="1996">Schembri (1996)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB722FFDCF39EFB023CB5FB58" author="Kime, R. D." pageId="4" pageNumber="157" pagination="45 - 50" refId="ref4931" refString="Kime, R. D. (2003): Some unpublished records of centipedes identified by Dr. E. H. Eason. - Bulletin of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group 19: 45 - 50." type="journal article" year="2003">Kime (2003)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB722FFDCF03BFB653E70FB58" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[282,537,1228,1252]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" pagination="433 - 456" refId="ref5743" refString="Zapparoli, M., A. Minelli &amp; P. J. Schembri (2004): The centipedes of the Maltese Archipelago (Chilopoda). - Revue Suisse de Zoologie 111 (2): 433 - 456 [http: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80247]." type="journal article" year="2004">Zapparoli et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF344FB653EC1FB58" box="[613,680,1228,1252]" name="Malta" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Malta</collectingCountry>
. It is a widespread species in the main island of the archipelago, occurring in a wide variety of habitats.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

128
data/03/93/87/039387A8B722FFDCF208FE983860FD09.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
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<paragraph id="8B8536BEB722FFDCF208FE983887FEF0" blockId="4.[809,1262,305,332]" box="[809,1262,305,332]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">
<heading id="D0CD81D2B722FFDCF208FE983887FEF0" box="[809,1262,305,332]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3DB722FFDCF208FE983887FEF0" ID-CoL="45MLN" authority="(Meinert, 1870)" authorityName="Present" baseAuthorityName="Meinert" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[809,1262,305,332]" class="Chilopoda" family="Schendylidae" genus="Nannophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geophilomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximius">
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<subSubSection id="C3206535B722FFDCF208FEDC38A9FE12" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB722FFDCF208FEDC38A9FE12" blockId="4.[786,1399,373,693]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB722FFDCF208FEDC3862FE31" bold="true" box="[809,1035,373,397]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B523CE3B722FFDCF530FEDC38D5FE12" collectingDate="2020-02-15" collectionCode="T" country="Malta" location="Mellietsa" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB722FFDCF530FEDC381AFE31" bold="true" box="[1041,1139,373,397]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF530FEDC381AFE31" box="[1041,1139,373,397]" name="Malta" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">MALTA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
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,
<location id="8EE56065B722FFDCF597FEDC397CFE31" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387A8B722FFDCF208FE983860FD09:8EE56065B722FFDCF597FEDC397CFE31" box="[1206,1301,373,397]" country="Malta" name="Mellietsa" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Mellietsa</location>
(
<quantity id="4CC29B5BB722FFDCF405FEDC391BFE31" box="[1316,1394,373,397]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="39.0">39 mm</quantity>
, 77 lp),
<date id="FF84107EB722FFDCF27DFE3F3877FE12" box="[860,1054,406,430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" value="2020-02-15">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B722FFDCF27DFE3F3877FE12" box="[860,1054,406,430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" value="2020-02-15">15 February 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE7BB722FFDCF574FE3F380EFE11" box="[1109,1127,406,429]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">T</collectionCode>
. Cassar
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3206535B722FFDCF208FE1E3860FD09" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB722FFDCF208FE1E395EFD8E" blockId="4.[786,1399,373,693]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB722FFDCF208FE1E3FDFFE73" bold="true" box="[809,950,439,463]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Distribution</emphasis>
. Europe:
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(mainland,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF5CCFE1E391BFE73" box="[1261,1394,439,463]" name="Greece" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Dodecanese</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB722FFDCF233FE713F26FE4C" box="[786,847,472,496]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Crete</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF240FE713FFBFE4C" box="[865,914,472,496]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Italy</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB722FFDCF532FE713818FE4C" box="[1043,1137,472,496]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB722FFDCF55DFE7138D5FE4C" box="[1148,1212,472,496]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Sicily</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF5EFFE713979FE4C" box="[1230,1296,472,496]" name="Malta" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Malta</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF43BFE71391FFE4C" box="[1306,1398,472,496]" name="Portugal" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB722FFDCF238FE513F1FFDAC" box="[793,886,504,528]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Madeira</collectingRegion>
Is.),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF28AFE513F80FDAC" box="[939,1001,504,528]" name="Spain" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Spain</collectingCountry>
(Canary Isl.); North Africa:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF43FFE51391BFDAC" box="[1310,1394,504,528]" name="Algeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Algeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF233FDB03F0CFD8D" box="[786,869,537,561]" name="Tunisia" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
; West Asia:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF2CAFDB33852FD8E" box="[1003,1083,538,562]" name="Cyprus" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB722FFDCF569FDB03945FD8E" author="Simaiakis, S. &amp; Zapparoli, A." box="[1096,1324,537,562]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" pagination="279 - 306" refId="ref5281" refString="Simaiakis, S. M, M. Zapparoli, A. Minelli &amp; L. Bonato (2013): The centipede fauna (Chilopoda) of the island of Cyprus, with one new lithobiomorph species. - Zootaxa 3647 (2): 279 - 306 [http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3647.2.3]." type="journal article" year="2013">Simaiakis et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB722FFDCF208FD933FCDFDEE" bold="true" box="[809,932,570,594]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Chorotype</emphasis>
. Mediterranean.
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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB722FFDCF208FDF23F00FDCF" bold="true" box="[809,873,603,627]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Notes</emphasis>
. New record for the Maltese Islands. A single male specimen (
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long, with 77 leg pairs) collected from a garigue habitat.
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145
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).
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W-Mediterranean.
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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF18FF9313C87F90C" bold="true" box="[174,238,1688,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Notes</emphasis>
. Previously recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB724FFDAF33BF9313E91F90C" author="Matic, Z." box="[538,760,1688,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" pagination="175 - 195" refId="ref5002" refString="Matic, Z., C. Darabantu &amp; M. Clichici (1968): Contributo alla conoscenza dei Chilopodi di Spagna e di Malta. - Bollettino dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania 9: 175 - 195." type="journal article" year="1968">Matic et al. (1968)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB724FFDAF1B6F9103D03F96D" author="Foddai, D." box="[151,362,1721,1745]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" pagination="357 - 376" refId="ref4709" refString="Foddai, D., A. Minelli &amp; M. Zapparoli (1996): I chilopodi delle isole circumsarde nel contesto del popolamento insulare dell' area tirrenica s. l. - Biogeographia. The Journal of Integrative Biogeography, 18: 357 - 376 [http: // doi. org / 10.21426 / b 618110444]." type="journal article" year="1996">Foddai et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB724FFDAF055F9103D95F96D" author="Kime, R. D." box="[372,508,1721,1745]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" pagination="45 - 50" refId="ref4931" refString="Kime, R. D. (2003): Some unpublished records of centipedes identified by Dr. E. H. Eason. - Bulletin of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group 19: 45 - 50." type="journal article" year="2003">Kime (2003)</bibRefCitation>
(under
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S. c.
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3DB724FFDAF3A2F9133E9BF96D" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1846" box="[643,754,1722,1745]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" genus="Scolopendra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oraniensis">oraniensis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB724FFDAF1E9F9733DABF94E" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[200,450,1754,1778]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" pagination="433 - 456" refId="ref5743" refString="Zapparoli, M., A. Minelli &amp; P. J. Schembri (2004): The centipedes of the Maltese Archipelago (Chilopoda). - Revue Suisse de Zoologie 111 (2): 433 - 456 [http: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80247]." type="journal article" year="2004">Zapparoli et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF32DF9733E22F94E" box="[524,587,1754,1778]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Malta</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB724FFDAF3A7F9733EAAF94E" box="[646,707,1754,1778]" country="Malta" name="Zebbug" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Gozo</collectingRegion>
. It is an extremely widespread species in the Maltese Islands, occurring in a wide variety of habitats, though mostly found in garigue and valleys.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3DB724FFDAF208FF473960FEB7" authority="Pocock, 1895" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" box="[809,1289,238,267]" class="Chilopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geophilomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">
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Pocock, 1895
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Cook, 1895
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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF18FFD743D73FD4B" bold="true" box="[174,282,733,759]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Cryptops</emphasis>
(
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)
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF086FD753E4FFD4B" bold="true" box="[423,550,732,759]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">trisulcatus</emphasis>
</emphasis>
Brölemann, 1902
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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF18FFC893DF6FC84" bold="true" box="[174,415,800,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B523CE3B724FFDAF094FC893E22FCE5" collectingDate="2020-02-15" collectionCode="T" country="Malta" location="Mellietsa" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zebbug">
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</emphasis>
:
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,
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,
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</date>
, leg.
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. Cassar.
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<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB724FFDAF0DAFCE83E22FCE5" box="[507,587,833,857]" country="Malta" name="Zebbug" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">GOZO</collectingRegion>
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:
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,
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,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB724FFDAF1B6FCCB3C8DFCC6" box="[151,228,866,890]" country="Malta" name="Sannat" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Sannat</collectingRegion>
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,
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, leg.
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.
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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF18FFC2A3D52FC27" bold="true" box="[174,315,899,923]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Distribution</emphasis>
. Europe:
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(mainland,
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),
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(Ionian Isl., Southern Sporades,
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),
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(mainland,
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,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB724FFDAF07CFC6C3DD2FC61" box="[349,443,965,989]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF0EFFC6C3E79FC61" box="[462,528,965,989]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Malta</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF33DFC6C3E11FC61" box="[540,632,965,989]" name="Portugal" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(mainland),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF1B6FC4F3C95FC42" box="[151,252,998,1022]" name="Romania" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Romania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF02DFC4F3D23FC42" box="[268,330,998,1022]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Spain</collectingCountry>
(mainland, Balearic Isl., Canary Isl.); North Africa:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF068FBAE3DF4FBA3" box="[329,413,1031,1055]" name="Algeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Algeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF095FBAE3E6EFBA3" box="[436,519,1031,1055]" name="Tunisia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
; West Asia:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF391FBAE3E92FBA3" box="[688,763,1031,1055]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(south–east) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB724FFDAF009FB8E3DB1FBFC" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[296,472,1063,1088]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" pagination="56 - 168" refId="ref5695" refString="Zapparoli, M. (2009): An annotated catalogue of the epigeic and cave centipedes (Chilopoda) of Sardinia. - Zootaxa 2318 (1): 56 - 168 [http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2318.1.6]." type="journal article" year="2009">Zapparoli, 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF18FFBE13D40FBDC" bold="true" box="[174,297,1096,1120]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Chorotype</emphasis>
. Mediterranean.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB724FFDAF18FFBC03EBAFB58" blockId="2.[151,764,800,1252]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF18FFBC03C87FB3D" bold="true" box="[174,238,1129,1153]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Notes</emphasis>
. Previously recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB724FFDAF33BFBC03E91FB3D" author="Matic, Z." box="[538,760,1129,1153]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" pagination="175 - 195" refId="ref5002" refString="Matic, Z., C. Darabantu &amp; M. Clichici (1968): Contributo alla conoscenza dei Chilopodi di Spagna e di Malta. - Bollettino dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania 9: 175 - 195." type="journal article" year="1968">Matic et al. (1968)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB724FFDAF1B6FB233D11FB1E" author="Foddai, D." box="[151,376,1162,1186]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" pagination="357 - 376" refId="ref4709" refString="Foddai, D., A. Minelli &amp; M. Zapparoli (1996): I chilopodi delle isole circumsarde nel contesto del popolamento insulare dell' area tirrenica s. l. - Biogeographia. The Journal of Integrative Biogeography, 18: 357 - 376 [http: // doi. org / 10.21426 / b 618110444]." type="journal article" year="1996">Foddai et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB724FFDAF099FB233ED3FB1E" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[440,698,1162,1186]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" pagination="433 - 456" refId="ref5743" refString="Zapparoli, M., A. Minelli &amp; P. J. Schembri (2004): The centipedes of the Maltese Archipelago (Chilopoda). - Revue Suisse de Zoologie 111 (2): 433 - 456 [http: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80247]." type="journal article" year="2004">Zapparoli et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF1B6FB023CB0FB7F" box="[151,217,1195,1219]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Malta</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB724FFDAF1C9FB023D4BFB7F" box="[232,290,1195,1219]" country="Malta" name="Zebbug" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Gozo</collectingRegion>
and Comino. In the Maltese Islands, this species occurs mostly in coastal habitats and valleys.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB724FFDAF18FFA823EFCFAF4" blockId="2.[174,661,1323,1352]" box="[174,661,1323,1352]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3DB724FFDAF18FFA823EFCFAF4" authority="Newport, 1844" authorityName="Newport" authorityYear="1844" box="[174,661,1323,1352]" class="Chilopoda" family="Scolopendridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF18FFA823DD2FAFB" bold="true" box="[174,443,1323,1351]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">SCOLOPENDRIDAE</emphasis>
Newport, 1844
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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148
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, 65 lp),
<location id="8EE56065B724FFDAF233FBAE3FCBFBA3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387A8B724FFDAF208FC0B38CAF993:8EE56065B724FFDAF233FBAE3FCBFBA3" box="[786,930,1031,1055]" country="Malta" name="Misrats Gtsar" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" stateProvince="Siggiewi">Misrats Gtsar</location>
il-Kbir (limits of
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB724FFDAF55FFBAE3888FBA3" box="[1150,1249,1031,1055]" country="Malta" name="Siggiewi" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Siġġiewi</collectingRegion>
),
<date id="FF84107EB724FFDAF5D8FBAE3F23FBFC" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2020-02-02">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B724FFDAF5D8FBAE3F23FBFC" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2020-02-02">2 February 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE7BB724FFDAF2A3FB813FFDFB83" box="[898,916,1064,1087]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">T</collectionCode>
. Cassar
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3206535B724FFDAF208FBE138CAF993" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB724FFDAF208FBE13FAEFAB9" blockId="2.[786,1406,997,1482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF208FBE13FC7FBDC" bold="true" box="[809,942,1096,1120]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Distribution</emphasis>
. Europe:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF530FBE13967FBDC" box="[1041,1294,1096,1120]" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Bosnia and Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF439FBE1391AFBDC" box="[1304,1395,1096,1120]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF233FBC03F09FB3D" box="[786,864,1129,1153]" name="Croatia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Croatia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF244FBC33FC2FB3D" box="[869,939,1130,1153]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">France</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF53AFBC03804FB3D" box="[1051,1133,1129,1153]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Corsica</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF559FBC038A8FB3D" box="[1144,1217,1129,1153]" name="Greece" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Greece</collectingCountry>
(mainland,insular includingCrete),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF29CFB223870FB1F" box="[957,1049,1163,1187]" name="Hungary" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Hungary</collectingCountry>
,IberianPeninsula,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF5F4FB23396DFB1E" box="[1237,1284,1162,1186]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Italy</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB724FFDAF233FB023F38FB7F" box="[786,849,1195,1219]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Sicily</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB724FFDAF247FB023FA8FB7F" box="[870,961,1195,1219]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
), Macaronesia,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF558FB0238D0FB7F" box="[1145,1209,1195,1219]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Malta</collectingCountry>
; North Africa: Maghreb; West Asia:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF527FB65383AFB58" box="[1030,1107,1228,1252]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, Caucasus (Minelli 1982a) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB724FFDAF238FB443FD2FAB9" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[793,955,1261,1285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" pagination="56 - 168" refId="ref5695" refString="Zapparoli, M. (2009): An annotated catalogue of the epigeic and cave centipedes (Chilopoda) of Sardinia. - Zootaxa 2318 (1): 56 - 168 [http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2318.1.6]." type="journal article" year="2009">Zapparoli 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB724FFDAF208FAA43831FA9A" blockId="2.[786,1406,997,1482]" box="[809,1112,1293,1318]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF208FAA43FCDFA99" bold="true" box="[809,932,1293,1317]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Chorotype</emphasis>
. Mediterranean.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB724FFDAF208FA8638A5FA76" blockId="2.[786,1406,997,1482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF208FA863F00FAFB" bold="true" box="[809,873,1327,1351]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Notes</emphasis>
. Previously recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB724FFDAF586FA873955FAFB" author="Kime, R. D." box="[1191,1340,1326,1351]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" pagination="45 - 50" refId="ref4931" refString="Kime, R. D. (2003): Some unpublished records of centipedes identified by Dr. E. H. Eason. - Bulletin of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group 19: 45 - 50." type="journal article" year="2003">Kime (2003)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB724FFDAF233FAE6387CFAD4" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[786,1045,1359,1384]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" pagination="433 - 456" refId="ref5743" refString="Zapparoli, M., A. Minelli &amp; P. J. Schembri (2004): The centipedes of the Maltese Archipelago (Chilopoda). - Revue Suisse de Zoologie 111 (2): 433 - 456 [http: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80247]." type="journal article" year="2004">Zapparoli et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF542FAE638CBFADB" box="[1123,1186,1359,1383]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Malta</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB724FFDAF5C2FAF93949FAD4" box="[1251,1312,1360,1384]" country="Malta" name="Zebbug" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Gozo</collectingRegion>
. It is a widespread species in the Maltese Islands, occurring in a variety of coastal habitats, from banquettes of stranded
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3DB724FFDAF233FA1B3F16FA76" box="[786,895,1458,1482]" class="Bivalvia" family="Posidoniidae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ostreida" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF233FA1B3F16FA76" box="[786,895,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Posidonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, to garigue and inland valleys.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB724FFDAF208F9B838CAF993" blockId="2.[809,1187,1553,1583]" box="[809,1187,1553,1583]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3DB724FFDAF208F9B838CAF993" authority="Leach, 1815" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[809,1187,1553,1583]" class="Chilopoda" family="Geophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geophilomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF208F9B83F84F991" bold="true" box="[809,1005,1553,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">GEOPHILIDAE</emphasis>
Leach, 1815
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

160
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View file

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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF208FE3F3866FE12" bold="true" box="[809,1039,406,430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B523CE3B724FFDAF538FE3F38B2FE73" collectingDate="2019-11-17" collectionCode="T" country="Malta" location="Buskett" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF538FE3F3812FE12" bold="true" box="[1049,1147,406,430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
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:
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(
<quantity id="4CC29B5BB724FFDAF5ECFE3F3976FE11" box="[1229,1311,406,430]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="37.0">37 mm</quantity>
, 83 lp),
<location id="8EE56065B724FFDAF233FE1E3F01FE73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387A8B724FFDAF208FEFB3862FCE5:8EE56065B724FFDAF233FE1E3F01FE73" box="[786,872,439,463]" country="Malta" name="Buskett" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Buskett</location>
,
<date id="FF84107EB724FFDAF253FE1E3854FE73" box="[882,1085,439,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2019-11-17">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B724FFDAF253FE1E3854FE73" box="[882,1085,439,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" value="2019-11-17">17 November 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE7BB724FFDAF554FE1E38EEFE72" box="[1141,1159,439,462]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">T</collectionCode>
. Cassar
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.
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<subSubSection id="C3206535B724FFDAF208FE7E3862FCE5" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB724FFDAF208FE7E384DFD6A" blockId="2.[786,1399,406,857]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF208FE7E3FDFFE53" bold="true" box="[809,950,471,495]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Distribution</emphasis>
. Europe:
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,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF5B5FE71388EFE4C" box="[1172,1255,472,496]" name="Austria" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Austria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF5D9FE713FF6FDAC" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Bosnia and Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF28BFE513863FDAC" box="[938,1034,504,528]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF536FE513800FDAC" box="[1047,1129,504,528]" name="Croatia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Croatia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF555FE51394BFDAC" box="[1140,1314,504,528]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF40CFE50391FFDAC" box="[1325,1398,505,528]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">France</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF2ADFDB03F88FD8D" box="[908,993,537,561]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Corsica</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF2D3FDB33856FD8E" box="[1010,1087,538,562]" name="Greece" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Greece</collectingCountry>
(mainland, insular including
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB724FFDAF233FD933F26FDEE" box="[786,847,570,594]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Crete</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF246FD933FF1FDEE" box="[871,920,570,594]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Italy</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB724FFDAF507FD93380CFDEE" box="[1062,1125,570,594]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Sicily</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB724FFDAF557FD9338BDFDEE" box="[1142,1236,570,594]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF5CAFD93391FFDEE" box="[1259,1398,570,594]" name="Luxembourg" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Luxembourg</collectingCountry>
(introduced?),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF294FDF53852FDC8" box="[949,1083,604,628]" name="Serbia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF56DFDF238E7FDCF" box="[1100,1166,603,627]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Malta</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF5BFFDF23894FDCF" box="[1182,1277,603,627]" name="Portugal" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Portugal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF42FFDF2391AFDCF" box="[1294,1395,603,627]" name="Romania" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Romania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF233FDD53F33FD28" box="[786,858,636,660]" name="Serbia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Serbia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF244FDD53873FD28" box="[869,1050,636,660]" name="Slovakia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Slovak Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF504FDD5380AFD28" box="[1061,1123,636,660]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Spain</collectingCountry>
(mainland, Balearic Isl.),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF233FD343F02FD09" box="[786,875,669,693]" name="Ukraine" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB724FFDAF2A5FD343FB1FD09" box="[900,984,669,693]" country="Ukraine" name="Crimea" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Crimea</collectingRegion>
); North Africa:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF584FD343890FD09" box="[1189,1273,669,693]" name="Algeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Algeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF42EFD34391BFD08" box="[1295,1394,669,692]" name="Morocco" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Morocco</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF233FD173F08FD6A" box="[786,865,702,726]" name="Tunisia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB724FFDAF24EFD173870FD6A" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[879,1049,702,726]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" pagination="56 - 168" refId="ref5695" refString="Zapparoli, M. (2009): An annotated catalogue of the epigeic and cave centipedes (Chilopoda) of Sardinia. - Zootaxa 2318 (1): 56 - 168 [http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2318.1.6]." type="journal article" year="2009">Zapparoli 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB724FFDAF208FD773831FD4B" blockId="2.[786,1399,406,857]" box="[809,1112,734,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF208FD773FCDFD4A" bold="true" box="[809,932,734,758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Chorotype</emphasis>
. Mediterranean.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB724FFDAF208FCA93862FCE5" blockId="2.[786,1399,406,857]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF208FCA93F00FCA4" bold="true" box="[809,873,768,792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Notes</emphasis>
. Previously recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB724FFDAF5B9FCA9391FFCAB" author="Matic, Z." box="[1176,1398,767,792]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" pagination="175 - 195" refId="ref5002" refString="Matic, Z., C. Darabantu &amp; M. Clichici (1968): Contributo alla conoscenza dei Chilopodi di Spagna e di Malta. - Bollettino dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania 9: 175 - 195." type="journal article" year="1968">Matic et al. (1968)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB724FFDAF267FC893821FC85" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[838,1096,800,825]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" pagination="433 - 456" refId="ref5743" refString="Zapparoli, M., A. Minelli &amp; P. J. Schembri (2004): The centipedes of the Maltese Archipelago (Chilopoda). - Revue Suisse de Zoologie 111 (2): 433 - 456 [http: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80247]." type="journal article" year="2004">Zapparoli et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF5B6FC8938BFFC84" box="[1175,1238,800,824]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Malta</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB724FFDAF437FC88393AFC85" box="[1302,1363,801,825]" country="Malta" name="Zebbug" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Gozo</collectingRegion>
. A thermophilous species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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163
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3DB724FFDAF208F9FD388BF9D3" ID-CoL="W6N5" authority="C. L. Koch, 1847" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1847" box="[809,1250,1620,1647]" class="Chilopoda" family="Geophilidae" genus="Clinopodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geophilomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavidus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF208F9FD387FF9D3" bold="true" box="[809,1046,1620,1647]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Clinopodes flavidus</emphasis>
C.L. Koch, 1847
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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF208F9313866F90C" bold="true" box="[809,1039,1688,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Material examined.</emphasis>
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:
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(
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, 67 lp), unknown locality, 2020, leg.
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. Cassar
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.
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<subSubSection id="C3206535B724FFDBF208F9733DE5FD28" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB724FFDAF208F9733931F80B" blockId="2.[786,1399,1688,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF208F9733FDDF94E" bold="true" box="[809,948,1754,1778]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Distribution</emphasis>
. Europe:
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,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF59DF9733964F94E" box="[1212,1293,1754,1778]" name="Austria" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Austria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF40DF9733FBAF8AF" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Bosnia and Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF2C6F952382FF8AF" box="[999,1094,1787,1811]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF578F95238C3F8AF" box="[1113,1194,1787,1811]" name="Croatia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Croatia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF59CF952391BF8AF" box="[1213,1394,1787,1811]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
, European
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,
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,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF569F8B538FAF888" box="[1096,1171,1820,1844]" name="Greece" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Greece</collectingCountry>
(mainland, including
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB724FFDAF233F8943FC2F8E9" box="[786,939,1853,1877]" country="Greece" name="Voreio Aigaio" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">North Aegean</collectingRegion>
Is.,
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Is., Cyclades Is.,
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),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF233F8F73F1BF8CA" box="[786,882,1886,1910]" name="Hungary" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Hungary</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF2A1F8F43FD8F8C9" box="[896,945,1885,1909]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Italy</collectingCountry>
(mainland, including
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB724FFDAF586F8F43880F8C9" box="[1191,1257,1885,1909]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Sicily</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF5DFF8F4391FF8C9" box="[1278,1398,1885,1909]" name="Macedonia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Makedonia</collectingCountry>
(FYR),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF250F8D73FDBF82A" box="[881,946,1918,1942]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Malta</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF2E9F8D7387CF82A" box="[968,1045,1918,1942]" name="Poland" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Poland</collectingCountry>
, Rep. of
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF5B7F8D73890F82A" box="[1174,1273,1918,1942]" name="Moldova" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Moldova</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF42EF8D7391BF82A" box="[1295,1394,1918,1942]" name="Romania" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Romania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF233F8363F1BF80B" box="[786,882,1951,1975]" name="Slovakia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF25CF8363FB4F80B" box="[893,989,1951,1975]" name="Slovenia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF2C6F8363800F80B" box="[999,1129,1951,1975]" name="Switzerland" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF555F83638A4F80B" box="[1140,1229,1951,1975]" name="Ukraine" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF5F6F836393DF80B" box="[1239,1364,1951,1975]" name="Serbia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Yugoslavia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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Records of this species from
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF327FF583E0AFEB5" box="[518,611,241,265]" name="Turkey" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Anatolia</collectingCountry>
and the Caucasus deserve confirmation, as they were possibly based on
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3DB725FFDBF19CFE9D3D9AFEF7" authority="Verhoeff, 1896" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1896" box="[189,499,307,331]" class="Chilopoda" family="Geophilidae" genus="Clinopodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geophilomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="escherichii">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF19CFE9D3D38FEF7" box="[189,337,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">C. escherichii</emphasis>
Verhoeff,1896
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3DB725FFDBF330FE9D3C90FED0" authority="(Selivanov, 1884)" baseAuthorityName="Selivanov" baseAuthorityYear="1884" class="Chilopoda" family="Geophilidae" genus="Clinopodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geophilomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF330FE9D3ECFFEF7" box="[529,678,308,331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">C. caucasicus</emphasis>
(Selivanov, 1884)
</taxonomicName>
(cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB725FFDBF008FEFC3D84FED0" author="Bonato, L." box="[297,493,340,364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" pagination="175 - 205" refId="ref4439" refString="Bonato, L., E. Iorio &amp; A. Minelli (2011): The centipede genus Clinopodes C. L. Koch, 1847 (Chilopoda, Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae): reassessment of species diversity and distribution, with a new species from the Maritime Alps (France). - Zoosystema, 33 (2): 175 - 205 [http: // doi. org / 10.5252 / z 2011 n 2 a 3]." type="journal article" year="2011">Bonato et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB725FFDBF1F5FEDC3DA2FE31" blockId="3.[189,802,241,660]" box="[212,459,373,397]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF1F5FEDC3D26FE31" bold="true" box="[212,335,373,397]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Chorotype</emphasis>
. European.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF1F5FE3F3D7DFE12" bold="true" box="[212,276,406,430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Notes</emphasis>
. Previously recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB725FFDBF308FE3F3F48FE12" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[553,801,406,430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" pagination="433 - 456" refId="ref5743" refString="Zapparoli, M., A. Minelli &amp; P. J. Schembri (2004): The centipedes of the Maltese Archipelago (Chilopoda). - Revue Suisse de Zoologie 111 (2): 433 - 456 [http: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80247]." type="journal article" year="2004">Zapparoli et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
from only one locality in
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF0C3FE1E3E48FE73" box="[482,545,439,463]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Malta</collectingCountry>
(Buskett). The present record confirms the occurrence of the species in the Maltese Islands, where it seems to be uncommon. The data associated with the material mentioned in this study for this species has been lost, but the record has been included in order to indicate that it is an established, albeit rare, species.
</paragraph>
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<mods:namePart id="36884DFD89E61D1690EEA143659016BE">Cassar, Thomas</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4A30A905A9013F09B688C8EF49D902DB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="15D78EFCCF4DB537EE791BB9469FA072">
<mods:roleTerm id="6C013FDB4680520FDE79607FA53B3E7E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CFF851D9092578052708FD4B75CE7FF5">Zapparoli, Marzio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AD254697FD01F7E58DACA3823F460333">Department of Innovation of Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems DIBAF, TUscia University,</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="FB1BD5440625AD42E2DF3A7CF981673C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="8DB168D5ACCEA5254C1FA39E2A020D62">
<mods:title id="3247FC4EC6D4C19C5965C754E2F9157F">Soil Organisms</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="2C9EE5EB07C55854C38882DFCC9F7CDA">
<mods:date id="E826AA4CE2633A7C94FF899EF629B147">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="AB2E710D639D477A9F52160C726C8670" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="5F46CA2FEB2D328E75E5030FE4D9CFC7">2021-12-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F7E5894EBB6B7D8DFB10C5AEADC0FA1A">93</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B9DBB0D717C66D208A554E06B33EAE25">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="CF9FE01D51D4E9578D21CF376CBCF2DB">153</mods:start>
<mods:end id="868EF4DAC8D51EB5C4135D7E7F8C3550">160</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="DB2CD2666C4D73ACAE8588E1F76C77C2">http://dx.doi.org/10.25674/so93iss3id166</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="F6AE954D85942EB1A908FD94AFA83170" type="ISSN">2509-9523</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="039387A8B725FFDBF1F5F9BB3965FB9D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387A8B725FFDBF1F5F9BB3965FB9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387A8B725FFDBF1F5F9BB3965FB9D" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">
<subSubSection id="C3206535B725FFDBF1F5F9BB3E95F992" box="[212,764,1554,1582]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB725FFDBF1F5F9BB3E95F992" blockId="3.[212,764,1554,1582]" box="[212,764,1554,1582]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">
<heading id="D0CD81D2B725FFDBF1F5F9BB3E95F992" box="[212,764,1554,1582]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3DB725FFDBF1F5F9BB3E95F992" ID-CoL="4BSVF" authority="(C. L. Koch, 1835)" authorityName="Matic et al. (1968) Zapparoli et al." authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="C. L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1835" box="[212,764,1554,1582]" class="Chilopoda" family="Geophilidae" genus="Pachymerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geophilomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineum">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF1F5F9BB3E74F990" bold="true" box="[212,541,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Pachymerium ferrugineum</emphasis>
(C.L. Koch, 1835)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3206535B725FFDBF1F5F9FF3D41F8E9" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB725FFDBF1F5F9FF3D41F8E9" blockId="3.[189,802,1622,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF1F5F9FF3DD0F9D2" bold="true" box="[212,441,1622,1646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B523CE3B725FFDBF0E2F9FF3D4DF8E9" collectingDate="2020-02-08" collectingDateMax="2021-02-14" collectingDateMin="2020-02-08" collectionCode="T" country="Malta" location="Buskett" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pembroke">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF0E2F9FF3E4CF9D2" bold="true" box="[451,549,1622,1646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF0E2F9FF3E4CF9D2" box="[451,549,1622,1646]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">MALTA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 1 ex (
<quantity id="4CC29B5BB725FFDBF35BF9FE3EA5F9D2" box="[634,716,1623,1647]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
, 49 lp),
<location id="8EE56065B725FFDBF19CF9DE3D7AF933" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387A8B725FFDBF1F5F9BB3965FB9D:8EE56065B725FFDBF19CF9DE3D7AF933" box="[189,275,1655,1679]" country="Malta" name="Buskett" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" stateProvince="Pembroke">Buskett</location>
,
<date id="FF84107EB725FFDBF03FF9DE3D8AF933" box="[286,483,1655,1679]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" value="2020-02-08">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B725FFDBF03FF9DE3D8AF933" box="[286,483,1655,1679]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" value="2020-02-08">08 February 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE7BB725FFDBF33DF9D13E47F933" box="[540,558,1656,1679]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">T</collectionCode>
. Cassar; 1 ex (
<quantity id="4CC29B5BB725FFDBF3ECF9DE3F74F933" box="[717,797,1655,1679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
, 49 lp), ibidem,
<date id="FF84107EB725FFDBF04EF9313E4BF90C" box="[367,546,1688,1712]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" value="2020-12">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B725FFDBF04EF9313E4BF90C" box="[367,546,1688,1712]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" value="2020-12">December 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE7BB725FFDBF345F9303E1FF90C" box="[612,630,1689,1712]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">T</collectionCode>
. Cassar;
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD37B725FFDBF3C3F9313F74F90C" box="[738,797,1688,1712]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" type="generic">1 ex.</specimenCount>
, Misrats Gtsar il-Kbir,
<date id="FF84107EB725FFDBF08CF9103E1DF96D" box="[429,628,1721,1745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" value="2021-02-07">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B725FFDBF08CF9103E1DF96D" box="[429,628,1721,1745]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" value="2021-02-07">07 February 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE7BB725FFDBF393F9133EADF96D" box="[690,708,1722,1745]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">T</collectionCode>
. Cassar; 2 exs,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB725FFDBF023F9733D19F94E" box="[258,368,1754,1778]" country="Malta" name="Pembroke" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Pembroke</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FF84107EB725FFDBF05BF9733E53F94E" box="[378,570,1754,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" value="2020-02-16">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B725FFDBF05BF9733E53F94E" box="[378,570,1754,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" value="2020-02-16">16 February 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE7BB725FFDBF350F9733EEAF94D" box="[625,643,1754,1777]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">T</collectionCode>
. Cassar; 2 exs, ibidem,
<date id="FF84107EB725FFDBF036F9523DB3F8AF" box="[279,474,1787,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" value="2021-02-14">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B725FFDBF036F9523DB3F8AF" box="[279,474,1787,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" value="2021-02-14">14 February 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE7BB725FFDBF339F9523E43F8AE" box="[536,554,1787,1810]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">T</collectionCode>
. Cassar;
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF3AEF9523F6AF8AF" bold="true" box="[655,771,1787,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">COMINO</emphasis>
: 1 ex, Blue Lagoon (
<quantity id="4CC29B5BB725FFDBF0A0F8B53DB8F88F" box="[385,465,1820,1844]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
, 57 lp),
<date id="FF84107EB725FFDBF308F8B53E86F888" box="[553,751,1820,1844]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" value="2020-02-23">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B725FFDBF308F8B53E86F888" box="[553,751,1820,1844]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" value="2020-02-23">23 February 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE7BB725FFDBF19CF8943CA6F8E8" box="[189,207,1853,1876]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">T</collectionCode>
. Cassar
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3206535B725FFDBF1F5F8F43965FB9D" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB725FFDBF1F5F8F43977FD4B" blockId="3.[189,802,1622,1975]" lastBlockId="3.[824,1437,241,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF1F5F8F43D08F8C9" bold="true" box="[212,353,1885,1909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Distribution</emphasis>
. Europe:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF0C2F8F43E55F8C9" box="[483,572,1885,1909]" name="Albania" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Albania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF372F8F43ECFF8C9" box="[595,678,1885,1909]" name="Austria" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Austria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF39FF8F43F74F8C9" box="[702,797,1885,1909]" name="Belgium" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Belgium</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF19CF8D73DB5F82A" box="[189,476,1918,1942]" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Bosnia and Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF0D1F8D73E39F82A" box="[496,592,1918,1942]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF345F8D73EDFF82A" box="[612,694,1918,1942]" name="Croatia" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Croatia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF3EBF8D73F74F82A" box="[714,797,1918,1942]" name="Cyprus" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF19CF8363D03F80B" box="[189,362,1951,1975]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF055F8363DB0F80B" box="[372,473,1951,1975]" name="Denmark" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Denmark</collectingCountry>
(mainland), European
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF3F2F8363F74F80B" box="[723,797,1951,1975]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Russia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF219FF583FE7FEB5" box="[824,910,241,265]" name="Finland" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Finland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF285FF5B3F84FEB5" box="[932,1005,242,265]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">France</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF5A6FF5838B5FEB5" box="[1159,1244,241,265]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Corsica</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF5DBFF5B39F1FEB5" box="[1274,1432,241,266]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF219FEBB3FECFE96" box="[824,901,274,298]" name="Greece" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Greece</collectingCountry>
(mainland, insular including
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB725FFDBF5C3FEBB3976FE96" box="[1250,1311,274,298]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Crete</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF419FEBA39F0FE97" box="[1336,1433,275,299]" name="Hungary" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Hungary</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF219FE9A3F00FEF7" box="[824,873,307,331]" name="Italy" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Italy</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB725FFDBF2C9FE9A384EFEF7" box="[1000,1063,307,331]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Sicily</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB725FFDBF511FE9A38E7FEF7" box="[1072,1166,307,331]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF5BFFE9A388EFEF7" box="[1182,1255,307,331]" name="Latvia" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Latvia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF5D1FE9A395BFEF7" box="[1264,1330,307,331]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Malta</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF41DFE9A3FB0FED0" name="Macedonia" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Republic of Macedonia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF2CFFEFC382FFED1" box="[1006,1094,341,365]" name="Norway" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Norway</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF57BFEFD38CEFED0" box="[1114,1191,340,364]" name="Poland" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Poland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF59AFEFD397EFED0" box="[1211,1303,340,364]" name="Portugal" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB725FFDBF219FEDC3FECFE31" box="[824,901,373,397]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Azores</collectingRegion>
Isl.,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB725FFDBF2E0FEDC3872FE31" box="[961,1051,373,397]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Madeira</collectingRegion>
Is.),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF576FEDC38D5FE31" box="[1111,1212,373,397]" name="Romania" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Romania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF5EBFEDC3942FE31" box="[1226,1323,373,397]" name="Slovakia" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF419FEDC39F1FE31" box="[1336,1432,373,397]" name="Slovenia" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF219FE3F3F1FFE12" box="[824,886,406,430]" name="Spain" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Spain</collectingCountry>
(mainland, Balearic Isl., Canary Isl.),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF460FE3F39F0FE12" box="[1345,1433,406,430]" name="Sweden" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Sweden</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF219FE1E3869FE73" box="[824,1024,439,463]" name="Netherlands" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">The Netherlands</collectingCountry>
; North Africa:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF5FAFE1E3946FE73" box="[1243,1327,439,463]" name="Algeria" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Algeria</collectingCountry>
, Central Sahara, Lybia,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF2FEFE71382BFE53" box="[991,1090,472,495]" name="Morocco" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Morocco</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF571FE7138CAFE4C" box="[1104,1187,472,496]" name="Tunisia" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
; West Asia: Caucasus,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF219FE503F0EFDAC" box="[824,871,505,528]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF2A3FE513F8FFDAC" box="[898,998,504,528]" name="Palestine" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Palestine</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF521FE513824FDAC" box="[1024,1101,504,528]" name="Turkey" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Turkey</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF547FE51388AFDAC" box="[1126,1251,504,528]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
; Central Asia:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF219FDB03FD5FD8D" box="[824,956,537,561]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF2F5FDB03838FD8D" box="[980,1105,537,561]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF549FDB03968FD8D" box="[1128,1281,537,561]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF438FDB339F0FD8E" box="[1305,1433,538,562]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF219FD933FCFFDEE" box="[824,934,570,594]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF296FD93384BFDEE" box="[951,1058,570,594]" name="Mongolia" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF515FD9238CCFDEE" box="[1076,1189,570,594]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">East Asia</collectingCountry>
: Pribilof Is. (
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF464FD9339F8FDEE" box="[1349,1425,570,594]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Russia</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF219FDF53F1CFDCF" box="[824,885,604,627]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Japan</collectingCountry>
(introduced); North America: Alaska, introduced elsewhere; Central America:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF552FDD538ACFD28" box="[1139,1221,636,660]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(introduced); South America:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF286FD343F8BFD09" box="[935,994,669,693]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Chile</collectingCountry>
(Juan Fernández Is., introduced; Easter Is., introduced); Pacific islands: Hawaii Isl. (introduced) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB725FFDBF21EFD763F8EFD4B" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[831,999,735,759]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" pagination="56 - 168" refId="ref5695" refString="Zapparoli, M. (2009): An annotated catalogue of the epigeic and cave centipedes (Chilopoda) of Sardinia. - Zootaxa 2318 (1): 56 - 168 [http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2318.1.6]." type="journal article" year="2009">Zapparoli 2009</bibRefCitation>
, Dyachkov &amp; Nedoev 2021).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB725FFDBF26EFD563800FCA4" blockId="3.[824,1437,241,956]" box="[847,1129,767,792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF26EFD563FA3FCAB" bold="true" box="[847,970,767,791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Chorotype</emphasis>
. W-Palearctic.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB725FFDBF26EFC8839FBFC00" blockId="3.[824,1437,241,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF26EFC883FE6FC85" bold="true" box="[847,911,801,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Notes</emphasis>
. Previously recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB725FFDBF582FC893905FC84" author="Matic, Z." box="[1187,1388,800,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" pagination="175 - 195" refId="ref5002" refString="Matic, Z., C. Darabantu &amp; M. Clichici (1968): Contributo alla conoscenza dei Chilopodi di Spagna e di Malta. - Bollettino dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania 9: 175 - 195." type="journal article" year="1968">Matic et al. (1968)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB725FFDBF219FCE8385EFCE5" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[824,1079,833,857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" pagination="433 - 456" refId="ref5743" refString="Zapparoli, M., A. Minelli &amp; P. J. Schembri (2004): The centipedes of the Maltese Archipelago (Chilopoda). - Revue Suisse de Zoologie 111 (2): 433 - 456 [http: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80247]." type="journal article" year="2004">Zapparoli et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF5A5FCE838AAFCE5" box="[1156,1219,833,857]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Malta</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB725FFDBF420FCE83954FCE5" box="[1281,1341,833,857]" country="Malta" name="Zebbug" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Gozo</collectingRegion>
, but the above collected material is the first record of this species from Comino. It is an extremely widespread species in the Maltese Islands, occurring in a wide variety of habitats.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3DB725FFDBF26EFBAA3965FB9D" authority="Bollman, 1893" authorityName="Bollman" authorityYear="1893" box="[847,1292,1027,1057]" class="Chilopoda" family="Himantariidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geophilomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF26EFBAA3852FBA3" bold="true" box="[847,1083,1027,1055]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">HIMANTARIIDAE</emphasis>
Bollman, 1893
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156
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3DB725FFDBF26EFBEF3966FBDD" ID-CoL="MNDL" authority="(Kessler, 1874)" authorityName="Matic et al. (1968) Foddai et al. (1996) Zapparoli et al." authorityYear="2004" baseAuthorityName="Kessler" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[847,1295,1094,1121]" class="Chilopoda" family="Himantariidae" genus="Bothriogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Geophilomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="signata">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF26EFBEF383DFBDC" bold="true" box="[847,1108,1094,1121]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Bothriogaster signata</emphasis>
(Kessler, 1874)
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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF26EFB23385DFB1E" bold="true" box="[847,1076,1162,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B523CE3B725FFDBF51EFB233979FB7F" collectingDate="2020-02-16" collectionCode="T" country="Malta" location="Pembroke" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Pembroke">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF51EFB2338C8FB1E" bold="true" box="[1087,1185,1162,1186]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF51EFB2338C8FB1E" box="[1087,1185,1162,1186]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">MALTA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
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(
<quantity id="4CC29B5BB725FFDBF5D3FB23392CFB1E" box="[1266,1349,1162,1186]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="76.0">76 mm</quantity>
, 99 lp),
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB725FFDBF219FB023FCFFB7F" box="[824,934,1195,1219]" country="Malta" name="Pembroke" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Pembroke</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FF84107EB725FFDBF290FB02381BFB7F" box="[945,1138,1195,1219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" value="2020-02-16">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B725FFDBF290FB02381BFB7F" box="[945,1138,1195,1219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" value="2020-02-16">16 February 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE7BB725FFDBF58BFB0538D5FB7F" box="[1194,1212,1196,1219]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">T</collectionCode>
. Cassar
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3206535B725FFDBF26EFB653838F9F2" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB725FFDBF26EFB653F86FA76" blockId="3.[824,1436,1162,1614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF26EFB653FB5FB58" bold="true" box="[847,988,1228,1252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Distribution</emphasis>
. Europe:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF543FB6538D2FB58" box="[1122,1211,1228,1252]" name="Albania" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Albania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF5F4FB65395CFB58" box="[1237,1333,1228,1252]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF46EFB6539F5FB58" box="[1359,1436,1228,1252]" name="Greece" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Greece</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB725FFDBF2E0FB443F97FAB9" box="[961,1022,1261,1285]" country="Greece" name="Kriti" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Crete</collectingRegion>
, Cyclades,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF5B7FB443972FAB9" box="[1174,1307,1261,1285]" name="Greece" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Dodecanese</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF41DFB443F83FA9A" name="Macedonia" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Republic of Macedonia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF2DEFAA73828FA9A" box="[1023,1089,1294,1318]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Malta</collectingCountry>
; North Africa:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF424FAA73920FA9A" box="[1285,1353,1294,1318]" name="Egypt" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Egypt</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF47FFAA739F5FA9A" box="[1374,1436,1294,1318]" name="Libya" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Libya</collectingCountry>
(Cyrenaica, Tripolitania),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF573FA8738CCFAFA" box="[1106,1189,1326,1350]" name="Tunisia" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
; West Asia: Caucasus,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF219FAF93FE2FAD4" box="[824,907,1360,1384]" name="Cyprus" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF2B2FAF93FABFADB" box="[915,962,1360,1383]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF2EAFAF93F93FADB" box="[971,1018,1360,1383]" name="Iraq" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Iraq</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF522FAE6382BFADB" box="[1027,1090,1359,1383]" name="Israel" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Israel</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF56BFAE638FCFADB" box="[1098,1173,1359,1383]" name="Jordan" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Jordan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF5BCFAE63968FADB" box="[1181,1281,1359,1383]" name="Palestine" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Palestine</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF42BFAE639F1FADB" box="[1290,1432,1359,1383]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF219FAD93F1CFA34" box="[824,885,1392,1416]" name="Syria" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Syria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF2A0FAD93FB9FA34" box="[897,976,1392,1416]" name="Turkey" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Turkey</collectingCountry>
; Central Asia:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF557FAD93966FA34" box="[1142,1295,1392,1416]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF43DFAD939F0FA34" box="[1308,1433,1392,1416]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF219FA383FCFFA15" box="[824,934,1425,1449]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF290FA38385BFA15" box="[945,1074,1425,1449]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB725FFDBF561FA38394AFA15" author="Simaiakis, S. &amp; Zapparoli, A." box="[1088,1315,1425,1449]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" pagination="279 - 306" refId="ref5281" refString="Simaiakis, S. M, M. Zapparoli, A. Minelli &amp; L. Bonato (2013): The centipede fauna (Chilopoda) of the island of Cyprus, with one new lithobiomorph species. - Zootaxa 3647 (2): 279 - 306 [http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3647.2.3]." type="journal article" year="2013">Simaiakis et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
, Dyachkov &amp; Nedoev 2021).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF26EFA7A3FA3FA57" bold="true" box="[847,970,1491,1515]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Chorotype</emphasis>
. Turanic-Mediterranean.
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<paragraph id="8B8536BEB725FFDBF26EFA5D3838F9F2" blockId="3.[824,1436,1162,1614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF26EFA5D3FE6F9B0" bold="true" box="[847,911,1524,1548]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Notes</emphasis>
. Previously recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB725FFDBF59AFA5D39F1F9B0" author="Matic, Z." box="[1211,1432,1524,1548]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" pagination="175 - 195" refId="ref5002" refString="Matic, Z., C. Darabantu &amp; M. Clichici (1968): Contributo alla conoscenza dei Chilopodi di Spagna e di Malta. - Bollettino dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania 9: 175 - 195." type="journal article" year="1968">Matic et al. (1968)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB725FFDBF219F9BC3870F991" author="Foddai, D." box="[824,1049,1557,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" pagination="357 - 376" refId="ref4709" refString="Foddai, D., A. Minelli &amp; M. Zapparoli (1996): I chilopodi delle isole circumsarde nel contesto del popolamento insulare dell' area tirrenica s. l. - Biogeographia. The Journal of Integrative Biogeography, 18: 357 - 376 [http: // doi. org / 10.21426 / b 618110444]." type="journal article" year="1996">Foddai et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB725FFDBF578F9BC3932F991" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[1113,1371,1557,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" pagination="433 - 456" refId="ref5743" refString="Zapparoli, M., A. Minelli &amp; P. J. Schembri (2004): The centipedes of the Maltese Archipelago (Chilopoda). - Revue Suisse de Zoologie 111 (2): 433 - 456 [http: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80247]." type="journal article" year="2004">Zapparoli et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF219F99F3F13F9F2" box="[824,890,1590,1614]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Malta</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB725FFDBF2A4F99F3FD6F9F2" box="[901,959,1590,1614]" country="Malta" name="Zebbug" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Gozo</collectingRegion>
and Comino.
</paragraph>
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144
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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF26EF93F3802F90D" bold="true" box="[847,1131,1686,1713]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Haplophilus dimidiatus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF26EF9733851F94E" bold="true" box="[847,1080,1754,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B523CE3B725FFDBF567F9733FECF8AF" country="Malta" location="MALTA" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF567F97338C1F94E" bold="true" box="[1094,1192,1754,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF567F97338C1F94E" box="[1094,1192,1754,1778]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">MALTA</collectingCountry>
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<specimenCount id="9D3CFD37B725FFDBF59FF9733887F94D" box="[1214,1262,1754,1778]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(
<quantity id="4CC29B5BB725FFDBF424F9733931F94D" box="[1285,1368,1754,1778]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="85.0">85 mm</quantity>
long, 125 lp)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B523CE3B725FFDBF2B3F95238F3F888" collectingDate="2020-02-02" collectionCode="T" country="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD37B725FFDBF2B3F9523FD5F8AE" box="[914,956,1787,1811]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<quantity id="4CC29B5BB725FFDBF2EDF9523870F8AE" box="[972,1049,1787,1811]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="79.0">79 mm</quantity>
long, 129 lp), Misrats Gtsar il-Kbir,
<date id="FF84107EB725FFDBF219F8B53F92F888" box="[824,1019,1820,1844]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" value="2020-02-02">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B725FFDBF219F8B53F92F888" box="[824,1019,1820,1844]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" value="2020-02-02">02 February 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE7BB725FFDBF513F8B5382DF88F" box="[1074,1092,1820,1843]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">T</collectionCode>
. Cassar
</materialsCitation>
;
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD37B725FFDBF584F8B538B6F88F" box="[1189,1247,1820,1844]" count="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
(63,
<quantity id="4CC29B5BB725FFDBF435F8B53909F88F" box="[1300,1376,1820,1844]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="64.0">64 mm</quantity>
long, 121 lp),
<materialsCitation id="3B523CE3B725FFDBF2B1F8943865F8CA" collectingDate="2021-02-27" collectionCode="T" country="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD37B725FFDBF2B1F8943FD3F8E8" box="[912,954,1853,1877]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
(
<quantity id="4CC29B5BB725FFDBF2E8F894387EF8E8" box="[969,1047,1853,1877]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
long, 121 lp), Buskett,
<date id="FF84107EB725FFDBF436F8943F04F8CA" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" value="2021-02-27">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B725FFDBF436F8943F04F8CA" pageId="3" pageNumber="156" value="2021-02-27">27 February 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE7BB725FFDBF284F8F73FDEF8C9" box="[933,951,1886,1909]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">T</collectionCode>
. Cassar
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8536BEB725FFDCF26EF8D73DA8FEF7" blockId="3.[824,1436,1754,1975]" lastBlockId="4.[151,764,241,528]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB725FFDBF26EF8D73FB5F82A" bold="true" box="[847,988,1918,1942]" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Distribution</emphasis>
. Europe:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF565F8D638E4F82A" box="[1092,1165,1919,1942]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">France</collectingCountry>
(SW mainland,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF41CF8D739FBF82A" box="[1341,1426,1918,1942]" name="France" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Corsica</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF219F8363F00F80B" box="[824,873,1951,1975]" name="Italy" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Italy</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB725FFDBF523F836382BF80B" box="[1026,1090,1951,1975]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Sicily</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF540F83638CAF80B" box="[1121,1187,1951,1975]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Malta</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB725FFDBF598F836397CF80B" box="[1209,1301,1951,1975]" name="Portugal" pageId="3" pageNumber="156">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB722FFDCF1B6FF583C83FEB5" box="[151,234,241,265]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Madera</collectingRegion>
Is.),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF007FF583D0DFEB5" box="[294,356,241,265]" name="Spain" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Spain</collectingCountry>
(mainland, Canary Isl. and Balearic Isl.); North Africa:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF047FEBB3DD3FE96" box="[358,442,274,298]" name="Algeria" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Algeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF0E5FEBA3E4EFE96" box="[452,551,275,298]" name="Morocco" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Morocco</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB722FFDCF313FEBB3EE8FE96" box="[562,641,274,298]" name="Tunisia" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
(Minelli &amp; Zapparoli 2011,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB722FFDCF064FE9A3DDAFEF7" author="Iorio, E." box="[325,435,307,331]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157" pagination="1 - 372" refId="ref4896" refString="Iorio, E. (2014): Catalogue biogeographique et taxonomique des chilopodes (Chilopoda) de France metropolitaine. - Memoires de la Societe Linneenne de Bordeaux 15: 1 - 372." type="journal article" year="2014">Iorio 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB722FFDCF18FFEFD3D97FED0" blockId="4.[151,764,241,528]" box="[174,510,340,364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB722FFDCF18FFEFD3D40FED0" bold="true" box="[174,297,340,364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Chorotype</emphasis>
. W-Mediterranean.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB722FFDCF18FFEDC3D6BFDAC" blockId="4.[151,764,241,528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB722FFDCF18FFEDC3C87FE31" bold="true" box="[174,238,373,397]" pageId="4" pageNumber="157">Notes</emphasis>
. New record for the Maltese Islands. Multiple specimens collected from two nearby locations which, however, represented different habitats – a karst garigue (Misrats Gtsar il-Kbir) and a semi-natural woodland (Buskett).
</paragraph>
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159
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Newport, 1844
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,
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<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B727FFD9F219FB653F8FFB58" box="[824,998,1228,1252]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" value="2020-11">November 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
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. Cassar (
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,
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<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B727FFD9F219FB443F8FFAB9" box="[824,998,1261,1285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" value="2020-12">December 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE7BB727FFD9F53CFB443846FAB8" box="[1053,1071,1261,1284]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">T</collectionCode>
. Cassar (
<collectingMethod id="527B4EA9B727FFD9F5AEFB44396FFAB9" box="[1167,1286,1261,1285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">pitfall trap</collectingMethod>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3206535B727FFD9F26EFAA43815F90C" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB727FFD9F26EFAA438EEFA57" blockId="1.[824,1436,1195,1712]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB727FFD9F26EFAA43FB5FA99" bold="true" box="[847,988,1293,1317]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Distribution</emphasis>
. Europe:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F578FAA738C0FA9A" box="[1113,1193,1294,1318]" name="Austria" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Austria</collectingCountry>
(south),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F43BFAA73FACFAFA" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Bosnia and Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F2F3FA87384DFAFA" box="[978,1060,1326,1350]" name="Croatia" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Croatia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F513FA863812FAFA" box="[1074,1147,1327,1350]" name="France" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">France</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F423FA87393EFAFA" box="[1282,1367,1326,1350]" name="France" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Corsica</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F44AFA8739F5FAFA" box="[1387,1436,1326,1350]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Italy</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB727FFD9F295FAE63F9AFADB" box="[948,1011,1359,1383]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Sicily</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB727FFD9F2DFFAE63835FADB" box="[1022,1116,1359,1383]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F54EFAE638D8FADB" box="[1135,1201,1359,1383]" name="Malta" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Malta</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F59DFAE63971FADB" box="[1212,1304,1359,1383]" name="Portugal" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(mainland),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F219FAD93FE9FA34" box="[824,896,1392,1416]" name="Serbia" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Serbia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F2A9FAD93F81FA34" box="[904,1000,1392,1416]" name="Slovenia" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F2D1FAD93847FA34" box="[1008,1070,1392,1416]" name="Spain" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Spain</collectingCountry>
(mainland); records from
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F41EFAD939F5FA34" box="[1343,1436,1392,1416]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
requires confirmation; North Africa:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F5F5FA383941FA15" box="[1236,1320,1425,1449]" name="Algeria" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Algeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F414FA3B39F1FA15" box="[1333,1432,1426,1449]" name="Morocco" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Morocco</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F219FA1B3FE2FA76" box="[824,907,1458,1482]" name="Tunisia" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
; Central America:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F5AAFA1B3969FA76" box="[1163,1280,1458,1482]" name="Guatemala" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
(introduced, established?) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB727FFD9F2F0FA7A3812FA57" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[977,1147,1491,1515]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" pagination="56 - 168" refId="ref5695" refString="Zapparoli, M. (2009): An annotated catalogue of the epigeic and cave centipedes (Chilopoda) of Sardinia. - Zootaxa 2318 (1): 56 - 168 [http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2318.1.6]." type="journal article" year="2009">Zapparoli 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB727FFD9F26EFA5D3837F9B0" blockId="1.[824,1436,1195,1712]" box="[847,1118,1524,1548]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB727FFD9F26EFA5D3FA3F9B0" bold="true" box="[847,970,1524,1548]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Chorotype</emphasis>
. S-European.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB727FFD9F26EF9BC3815F90C" blockId="1.[824,1436,1195,1712]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB727FFD9F26EF9BC3FE6F991" bold="true" box="[847,911,1557,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Notes</emphasis>
. Previously recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB727FFD9F59AF9BC39F1F991" author="Matic, Z." box="[1211,1432,1557,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" pagination="175 - 195" refId="ref5002" refString="Matic, Z., C. Darabantu &amp; M. Clichici (1968): Contributo alla conoscenza dei Chilopodi di Spagna e di Malta. - Bollettino dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania 9: 175 - 195." type="journal article" year="1968">Matic et al. (1968)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB727FFD9F219F99F3870F9F1" author="Foddai, D." box="[824,1049,1589,1614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" pagination="357 - 376" refId="ref4709" refString="Foddai, D., A. Minelli &amp; M. Zapparoli (1996): I chilopodi delle isole circumsarde nel contesto del popolamento insulare dell' area tirrenica s. l. - Biogeographia. The Journal of Integrative Biogeography, 18: 357 - 376 [http: // doi. org / 10.21426 / b 618110444]." type="journal article" year="1996">Foddai et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB727FFD9F578F99F3932F9F2" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[1113,1371,1590,1614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" pagination="433 - 456" refId="ref5743" refString="Zapparoli, M., A. Minelli &amp; P. J. Schembri (2004): The centipedes of the Maltese Archipelago (Chilopoda). - Revue Suisse de Zoologie 111 (2): 433 - 456 [http: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80247]." type="journal article" year="2004">Zapparoli et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F219F9FF3F13F9D2" box="[824,890,1622,1646]" name="Malta" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Malta</collectingCountry>
, where it is a common and widespread species, occurring in a variety of habitats, including valleys, garigue and artificial gardens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

180
data/03/93/87/039387A8B727FFD9F26EFE3D3854FBA3.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
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(Gervais, 1837)
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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB727FFD9F26EFE7E3855FE53" bold="true" box="[847,1084,471,495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B523CE3B727FFD9F56FFE7E3968FDAD" collectingDate="2020-02-02" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Cassar" country="Malta" location="Dingli" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-immature="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Dingli">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB727FFD9F56FFE7E38D9FE53" bold="true" box="[1102,1200,471,495]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">
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</emphasis>
:
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,
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD37B727FFD9F420FE7139F1FE4C" box="[1281,1432,472,496]" count="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" type="immature">2 immatures</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB727FFD9F219FE513FE9FDAC" box="[824,896,504,528]" country="Malta" name="Dingli" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Dingli</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FF84107EB727FFD9F2B1FE503838FDAD" box="[912,1105,504,529]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" value="2020-02-02">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B727FFD9F2B1FE503838FDAD" box="[912,1105,504,529]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" value="2020-02-02">2 February 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE7BB727FFD9F5B5FE5038CFFDAC" box="[1172,1190,505,528]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26CF5368B727FFD9F594FE503968FDAD" box="[1205,1281,505,529]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Cassar</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B523CE3B727FFD9F433FE5038BAFD8E" collectingDate="2021-02-27" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Cassar" country="Malta" location="Buskett" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD37B727FFD9F433FE50395BFDAD" box="[1298,1330,505,529]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
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,
<date id="FF84107EB727FFD9F219FDB33866FD8E" box="[824,1039,537,562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" value="2021-02-27">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B727FFD9F219FDB33866FD8E" box="[824,1039,537,562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" value="2021-02-27">27 February 2021</collectingDate>
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, leg.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE7BB727FFD9F541FDB3381BFD8D" box="[1120,1138,538,561]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26CF5368B727FFD9F5A6FDB338BAFD8E" box="[1159,1235,538,562]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Cassar</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B523CE3B727FFD9F5CBFDB33936FDEE" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Cassar." country="Malta" location="February" municipality="Mellietsa" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD37B727FFD9F5CBFDB33974FD8D" box="[1258,1309,538,562]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
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, 15
<location id="8EE56065B727FFD9F242FD933FAEFDEE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387A8B727FFD9F26EFE3D3854FBA3:8EE56065B727FFD9F242FD933FAEFDEE" box="[867,967,570,594]" country="Malta" municipality="Mellietsa" name="February" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">February</location>
, 2020, leg.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE7BB727FFD9F542FD92381CFDEE" box="[1123,1141,571,594]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26CF5368B727FFD9F5ABFD9338B0FDEE" box="[1162,1241,570,594]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Cassar.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB727FFD9F5CAFD933936FDEE" bold="true" box="[1259,1375,570,594]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">COMINO</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B523CE3B727FFD9F459FD9338F0FD28" collectingDate="2020-02-23" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Cassar" country="Malta" latitude="36.012665" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="14.335278" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD37B727FFD9F459FD9339FFFDEE" box="[1400,1430,570,594]" count="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, central part of the island (
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),
<date id="FF84107EB727FFD9F219FDD53F93FD28" box="[824,1018,636,660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" value="2020-02-23">
<collectingDate id="EFC0E996B727FFD9F219FDD53F93FD28" box="[824,1018,636,660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" value="2020-02-23">23 February 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE7BB727FFD9F513FDD4382DFD28" box="[1074,1092,637,660]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26CF5368B727FFD9F56FFDD538F0FD28" box="[1102,1177,636,660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Cassar</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB727FFD9F26EFD343FB5FD09" bold="true" box="[847,988,669,693]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Distribution</emphasis>
. Europe:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F548FD3438C0FD09" box="[1129,1193,669,693]" name="Spain" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Spain</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F5E7FD343966FD08" box="[1222,1295,669,692]" name="France" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">France</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F219FD173FE4FD6A" box="[824,909,702,726]" name="France" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Corsica</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F2BFFD173FA6FD6A" box="[926,975,702,726]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Italy</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB727FFD9F570FD1738F9FD6A" box="[1105,1168,702,726]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Sicily</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB727FFD9F5BBFD173891FD6A" box="[1178,1272,702,726]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F42BFD173920FD6A" box="[1290,1353,702,726]" name="Malta" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Malta</collectingCountry>
. North Africa:
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F2B3FD763F8AFD4B" box="[914,995,735,759]" name="Algeria" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Algeria</collectingCountry>
(north),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F56AFD7638C5FD4A" box="[1099,1196,735,758]" name="Morocco" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Morocco</collectingCountry>
(north–east),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F46CFD7639F5FD4B" box="[1357,1436,735,759]" name="Tunisia" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
(north) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB727FFD9F2AEFCA9382DFCA4" author="Stoev, P. &amp; Akkari, M. &amp; Zapparoli, D. &amp; Porco, H. &amp; Enghoff, G. D. &amp; Edgecombe, T." box="[911,1092,768,792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" pagination="29 - 77" refId="ref5345" refString="Stoev, P., N. Akkari, M. Zapparoli, D. Porco, H. Enghoff, G. D. Edgecombe, T. Georgiev &amp; L. Penev (2010): The centipede genus Eupolybothrus Verhoeff, 1907 (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae) in North Africa, a cybertaxonomic revision, with a key to all species in the genus and the first use of DNA barcoding for the group. - ZooKeys 50: 29 - 77 [http: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 50.504]." type="journal article" year="2010">Stoev et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB727FFD9F26EFC8938F6FC84" blockId="1.[824,1437,471,1055]" box="[847,1183,800,824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB727FFD9F26EFC893FB8FC84" bold="true" box="[847,977,800,824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Chorotype.</emphasis>
W-Mediterranean.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB727FFD9F26EFCE83854FBA3" blockId="1.[824,1437,471,1055]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB727FFD9F26EFCE83FE6FCE5" bold="true" box="[847,911,833,857]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Notes</emphasis>
. Previously recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB727FFD9F59AFCE839F1FCE5" author="Matic, Z." box="[1211,1432,833,857]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" pagination="175 - 195" refId="ref5002" refString="Matic, Z., C. Darabantu &amp; M. Clichici (1968): Contributo alla conoscenza dei Chilopodi di Spagna e di Malta. - Bollettino dell'Accademia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania 9: 175 - 195." type="journal article" year="1968">Matic et al. (1968)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB727FFD9F219FCCB387EFCC6" author="Foddai, D." box="[824,1047,866,890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" pagination="357 - 376" refId="ref4709" refString="Foddai, D., A. Minelli &amp; M. Zapparoli (1996): I chilopodi delle isole circumsarde nel contesto del popolamento insulare dell' area tirrenica s. l. - Biogeographia. The Journal of Integrative Biogeography, 18: 357 - 376 [http: // doi. org / 10.21426 / b 618110444]." type="journal article" year="1996">Foddai et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB727FFD9F507FCCB38DBFCC6" author="Kime, R. D." box="[1062,1202,866,890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" pagination="45 - 50" refId="ref4931" refString="Kime, R. D. (2003): Some unpublished records of centipedes identified by Dr. E. H. Eason. - Bulletin of the British Myriapod and Isopod Group 19: 45 - 50." type="journal article" year="2003">Kime (2003)</bibRefCitation>
(under
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3DB727FFD9F42CFCCA3F80FC27" authority="C. L. Koch, 1841" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1841" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Eupolybothrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impressus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB727FFD9F42CFCCA39F4FCC6" box="[1293,1437,867,890]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">E. impressus</emphasis>
C.L. Koch, 1841
</taxonomicName>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB727FFD9F507FC2A3970FC27" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[1062,1305,899,923]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" pagination="433 - 456" refId="ref5743" refString="Zapparoli, M., A. Minelli &amp; P. J. Schembri (2004): The centipedes of the Maltese Archipelago (Chilopoda). - Revue Suisse de Zoologie 111 (2): 433 - 456 [http: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80247]." type="journal article" year="2004">Zapparoli et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F47CFC2A39F5FC27" box="[1373,1436,899,923]" name="Malta" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Malta</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB727FFD9F24BFC0D3FCFFC00" box="[874,934,932,956]" country="Malta" name="Zebbug" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Gozo</collectingRegion>
, but the above collected material is the first record of this species from Comino. It is an extremely widespread species in the Maltese Islands, occurring in a wide variety of habitats.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

162
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@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
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<subSubSection id="C3206535B727FFD9F26EF9503886F8AF" box="[847,1263,1785,1812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB727FFD9F26EF9503886F8AF" blockId="1.[847,1263,1785,1812]" box="[847,1263,1785,1812]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3DB727FFD9F26EF9503886F8AF" ID-CoL="3VJ25" authority="Meinert, 1872" authorityName="Meinert" authorityYear="1872" box="[847,1263,1785,1812]" class="Chilopoda" family="Lithobiidae" genus="Lithobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lithobiomorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapidicola">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB727FFD9F26EF9503828F8A8" bold="true" box="[847,1089,1785,1812]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Lithobius lapidicola</emphasis>
Meinert, 1872
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<paragraph id="8B8536BEB727FFD9F26EF895389AF8CA" blockId="1.[824,1436,1852,1975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB727FFD9F26EF8953857F8E8" bold="true" box="[847,1086,1852,1876]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B523CE3B727FFD9F572F8953886F8CA" collectionCode="T" country="Malta" location="MALTA" pageId="1" pageNumber="154" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB727FFD9F572F89538DCF8E8" bold="true" box="[1107,1205,1852,1876]" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F572F89538DCF8E8" box="[1107,1205,1852,1876]" name="Malta" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">MALTA</collectingCountry>
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:
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, Rdum tal- Madonna, Mellietsa, 2020, leg.
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE7BB727FFD9F5A8F8F738F2F8C9" box="[1161,1179,1886,1909]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">T</collectionCode>
. Cassar
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.
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. Europe:
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,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F59BF8D73964F82A" box="[1210,1293,1918,1942]" name="Austria" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Austria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F43FF8D73FACF80B" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Bosnia and Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F2FAF83638FAF80B" box="[987,1171,1951,1975]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB727FFD9F588F8363967F80B" box="[1193,1294,1951,1975]" name="Denmark" pageId="1" pageNumber="154">Denmark</collectingCountry>
(mainland),
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB724FFDAF1B6FF5B3DDAFE12" blockId="2.[151,764,241,561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF1B6FF5B3C89FEB5" box="[151,224,242,265]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">France</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF052FF583DA1FEB5" box="[371,456,241,265]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Corsica</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF0C2FF5B3E23FEB6" box="[483,586,242,266]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Germany</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF37CFF5B3E9EFEB5" box="[605,759,241,266]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Great Britain</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF1B6FEBB3C8DFE96" box="[151,228,274,298]" name="Greece" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Greece</collectingCountry>
(mainland, Ionic Isl.),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF0D7FEBA3E3EFE97" box="[502,599,275,299]" name="Hungary" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Hungary</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF348FEBB3ED0FE96" box="[617,697,274,298]" name="Ireland" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Ireland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF3EBFEBB3E92FE96" box="[714,763,274,298]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Italy</collectingCountry>
(mainland,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB724FFDAF031FE9A3D26FEF7" box="[272,335,307,331]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Sicily</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FEF85CB724FFDAF079FE9A3DDFFEF7" box="[344,438,307,331]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF0E7FE9A3E61FEF7" box="[454,520,307,331]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Malta</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF330FE9D3EFEFEF0" box="[529,663,308,332]" name="Serbia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Montenegro</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF381FE9D3E91FEF0" box="[672,760,308,332]" name="Norway" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Norway</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF1B6FEFD3C8DFED0" box="[151,228,340,364]" name="Poland" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Poland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF1D3FEFD3D3EFED0" box="[242,343,340,364]" name="Romania" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Romania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF045FEFD3DACFED0" box="[356,453,340,364]" name="Slovakia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF0F3FEFD3E5BFED0" box="[466,562,340,364]" name="Slovenia" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF361FEFD3E17FED0" box="[576,638,340,364]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Spain</collectingCountry>
(mainland, Canary Isl.),
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF014FEDC3DE5FE31" box="[309,396,373,397]" name="Sweden" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Sweden</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF081FEDC3E4DFE31" box="[416,548,373,397]" name="Switzerland" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF319FEDC3E9EFE31" box="[568,759,373,397]" name="Netherlands" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">The Netherlands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF1B6FE3F3C99FE12" box="[151,240,406,430]" name="Ukraine" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB724FFDAF1DFFE3F3DC1FE12" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[254,424,406,430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" pagination="56 - 168" refId="ref5695" refString="Zapparoli, M. (2009): An annotated catalogue of the epigeic and cave centipedes (Chilopoda) of Sardinia. - Zootaxa 2318 (1): 56 - 168 [http: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2318.1.6]." type="journal article" year="2009">Zapparoli 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF18FFE1E3D40FE73" bold="true" box="[174,297,439,463]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Chorotype</emphasis>
. Central European.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB724FFDAF18FFE713DEAFD8D" blockId="2.[151,764,241,561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF18FFE713C87FE4C" bold="true" box="[174,238,472,496]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Notes</emphasis>
. Previously recorded by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B4FB724FFDAF325FE713E92FE4C" author="Zapparoli, M." box="[516,763,472,496]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" pagination="433 - 456" refId="ref5743" refString="Zapparoli, M., A. Minelli &amp; P. J. Schembri (2004): The centipedes of the Maltese Archipelago (Chilopoda). - Revue Suisse de Zoologie 111 (2): 433 - 456 [http: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80247]." type="journal article" year="2004">Zapparoli et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="F32D762EB724FFDAF1F6FE513D70FDAC" box="[215,281,504,528]" name="Malta" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">Malta</collectingCountry>
, occurring in semi-natural woodland areas and artificial gardens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536BEB724FFDAF18FFDD13E1CFD0B" blockId="2.[174,727,632,695]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3DB724FFDAF18FFDD13EBEFD2A" authority="Pocock, 1895" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1895" box="[174,727,632,662]" class="Chilopoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF18FFDD13E79FD28" bold="true" box="[174,528,632,660]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">SCOLOPENDROMORPHA</emphasis>
Pocock, 1895
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D3DB724FFDAF18FFD303E1CFD0B" authority="Kohlrausch, 1881" authorityName="Kohlrausch" authorityYear="1881" box="[174,629,665,695]" class="Chilopoda" family="Cryptopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B94EEAACB724FFDAF18FFD303D13FD09" bold="true" box="[174,378,665,693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="155">CRYPTOPIDAE</emphasis>
Kohlrausch, 1881
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

233
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<mods:title id="C8482B38ED635E6495B226A2F07EA391">The Scopaeus kokodanus species group (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, with description of three new species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF99DF793956FD77FB62FD44" blockId="7.[847,1220,667,726]" box="[847,1220,667,694]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
<heading id="D0C5530FFF99DF793956FD77FB62FD44" box="[847,1220,667,694]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793956FD77FB62FD44" bold="true" box="[847,1220,667,694]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF99DF793956FD77FBE3FD47" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[847,1093,667,694]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potamides" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793956FD77FBE3FD47" bold="true" box="[847,1093,667,694]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Scopaeus potamides</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A275850AFF99DF793E55FD77FB62FD44" box="[1100,1220,667,693]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF99DF793956FD52FBF2FD27" box="[847,1108,702,726]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF99DF793956FD52FBF2FD27" blockId="7.[847,1220,667,726]" box="[847,1108,702,726]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
(
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF79394FFD52FC3DFD27" box="[854,923,702,726]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,224,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[275,1286,249,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1398,230,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–4. Habitus of Scopaeus kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Waritaian (1), S. arfakmontium, paratype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (2), S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (3), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (4)." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Figs 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF7939BFFD52FC12FD24" box="[934,948,702,725]" captionStart="Figures 5–7" captionStartId="4.[151,224,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[227,1323,999,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-374@4.[151,1398,985,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 5–7. Aedeagus (in lateral view) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (5), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (6), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (7). Abbreviations: dl – distal lobes, pb – phallobase." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF7939A6FD52FBA4FD27" box="[959,1026,702,726]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">14–16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF793E15FD52FBEBFD27" box="[1036,1101,702,726]" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">21, 22</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF99DF793956FCECFA8AFC6A" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF99DF793956FCECFA8AFC6A" blockId="7.[824,1437,767,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793956FCECFBB6FCE6" bold="true" box="[847,1040,767,792]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Type specimens</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B5AEE3EFF99DF793E34FCECFA3FFC8B" collectingDate="1965-07-09" collectionCode="NHML" collectorName="Royal Society Expedition &amp; British Museum" country="Solomon Islands" county="Kolombara River" location="Kolombangara" municipality="Camp" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54895AC1FF99DF793E34FCECFB37FCE9" box="[1069,1169,768,792]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D342FEAFF99DF793EBFFCECFB1CFCE6" box="[1190,1210,768,791]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F325A4F3FF99DF793ECDFCECFA3EFCE9" box="[1236,1432,768,792]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8EEDB2B8FF99DF793921FCCCFC7CFCC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B5575FF99DF763956FD77FD62FBEE:8EEDB2B8FF99DF793921FCCCFC7CFCC9" box="[824,986,800,824]" country="Solomon Islands" county="Kolombara River" municipality="Camp" name="Kolombangara" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Kolombangara</location>
,
<location id="8EEDB2B8FF99DF7939F0FCCCFB86FCC9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B5575FF99DF763956FD77FD62FBEE:8EEDB2B8FF99DF7939F0FCCCFB86FCC9" box="[1001,1056,800,824]" country="Solomon Islands" county="Kolombara River" municipality="Camp" name="Kuzi" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Kuzi</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE97E19FF99DF793E36FCCDFBC9FCC8" box="[1071,1135,801,825]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Camp</collectingMunicipality>
1,
<date id="FF8CC2A3FF99DF793E8EFCCCFAACFCC9" box="[1175,1290,800,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" value="1965-07-09">
<collectingDate id="EFC83B4BFF99DF793E8EFCCCFAACFCC9" box="[1175,1290,800,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" value="1965-07-09">07.09.1965</collectingDate>
</date>
, flood refuse between stones, banks of
<collectingCounty id="62EC9CEFFF99DF793E44FCADFABBFCA8" box="[1117,1309,833,857]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Kolombara River</collectingCounty>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26C781B5FF99DF793F44FCADFBA8FC8B" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Royal Society Expedition</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26C781B5FF99DF793E07FC8EFB74FC8B" box="[1054,1234,866,890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">British Museum</collectorName>
1966-1 (
<collectionCode id="ED237CA6FF99DF793F25FC8EFA37FC8B" box="[1340,1425,866,890]" country="Libya" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/49nc-28y0" name="Natural History Museum, Tripoli" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">NHML</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B5AEE3EFF99DF793921FC68FA8FFC6A" box="[824,1321,899,924]" collectingDate="1965-07-09" collectionCode="MFNB" collectorName="Royal Society Expedition &amp; British Museum" country="Solomon Islands" county="Kolombara River" location="Kolombangara" municipality="Camp" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54895AC1FF99DF793921FC68FC3EFC6D" box="[824,920,900,924]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D342FEAFF99DF793986FC6FFC61FC6A" box="[927,967,899,923]" count="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype (
<collectionCode id="ED237CA6FF99DF793ED7FC6FFA86FC6A" box="[1230,1312,899,923]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/irpn-c0nq" name="Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">MFNB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF99DF793956FC48FC43F8C5" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF99DF793956FC48FBABFA79" blockId="7.[824,1437,767,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793956FC48FC1BFC4D" bold="true" box="[847,957,932,956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Body shape and coloring as in
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF793F00FC48FAFDFC4D" box="[1305,1371,932,956]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,224,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[275,1286,249,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1398,230,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–4. Habitus of Scopaeus kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Waritaian (1), S. arfakmontium, paratype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (2), S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (3), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (4)." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
. Total body length
<quantity id="4CCA4986FF99DF7939D8FC29FBEBFC2D" box="[961,1101,965,989]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="3.7" valueMax="3.8" valueMin="3.6">3.6 – 3.8 mm</quantity>
; forebody length
<quantity id="4CCA4986FF99DF793F14FC29FA3FFC2D" box="[1293,1433,965,989]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3499999999999996" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="2.3499999999999996" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.3">2.3 – 2.4 mm</quantity>
. Head slightly elongate, non-pyriform but subcircular, 1.1 times as long as wide, with convex tempora evenly narrowed towards round posterior margin, across eyes 1.17 – 1.28 (
<geoCoordinate id="EE0682A4FF99DF7939A2FBABFBAFFB91" box="[955,1033,1095,1120]" degrees="1.23" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" precision="555" value="-1.23">Ø 1.23</geoCoordinate>
) times as wide as across tempora at half of their length from eyes to neck constriction. Eyes 0.64 – 0.71 (
<geoCoordinate id="EE0682A4FF99DF7939A6FB65FBB6FB53" box="[959,1040,1161,1186]" degrees="0.68" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" precision="555" value="-0.68">Ø 0.68</geoCoordinate>
) times as long as tempora. Elytra 1.1 times as long as pronotum. Penultimate segment of antenna about 1.3 times as long as wide. Tibia of mesothoracic leg about seven times as long as wide. Head and pronotum reddish brown, elytra dark brown except for yellow posterior fifth, abdomen dark brown, appendages (maxillary palps, antennae, legs) unicolorous light yellow-brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF99DF793956FA7DFC43F8C5" blockId="7.[824,1437,767,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793956FA7DFC2FFA58" bold="true" box="[847,905,1425,1449]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Male</emphasis>
: Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF793E00FA7DFBFBFA58" box="[1049,1117,1425,1449]" captionStart="Figures 5–7" captionStartId="4.[151,224,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[227,1323,999,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-374@4.[151,1398,985,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 5–7. Aedeagus (in lateral view) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (5), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (6), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (7). Abbreviations: dl – distal lobes, pb – phallobase." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) about
<quantity id="4CCA4986FF99DF793EA1FA7DFAA9FA58" box="[1208,1295,1425,1449]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
long; apical lobes in lateral view with strongly S-shaped ventroapical margin and obtusely extended ventrally (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF793F01FA3FFACAFA1A" box="[1304,1388,1491,1515]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
), in ventral and dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF793E5CFA18FB11F9FD" box="[1093,1207,1524,1548]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 15, 16</figureCitation>
) stout and somewhat narrowed towards clipped apex; lateral lobes about as wide as long (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF7939CDF9DAFBF6F9BC" box="[980,1104,1589,1614]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Figs 15, 16</figureCitation>
); dorsal lobe stout with round apex (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF793966F9BAFC74F99F" box="[895,978,1622,1646]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). Abdominal sternite VII (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF793F11F9BAFAFEF99E" box="[1288,1368,1622,1647]" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
) with asetose median depression notably narrowed towards posterior margin. Abdominal sternite VIII (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF793F08F974FAF8F941" box="[1297,1374,1688,1712]" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) with median lobe of posterior margin as long as lateroposterior angles; end of median lobe slightly emarginate; four distinct, long, black macrosetae situated close to posterior sternite margin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF99DF763956F8D0FF5CFD06" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF99DF793956F8D0FAFFF884" blockId="7.[824,1437,767,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793956F8D0FC7AF8A5" bold="true" box="[847,988,1852,1876]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Distribution</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF99DF7939F4F8D1FB6BF8A4" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[1005,1229,1853,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potamides">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF7939F4F8D1FB6BF8A4" box="[1005,1229,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Scopaeus potamides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is hitherto known only from Kolombangara Island,
<collectingCountry id="F325A4F3FF99DF793E86F8B1FAF3F884" box="[1183,1365,1885,1909]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF99DF763956F892FF5CFD06" blockId="7.[824,1437,767,1976]" lastBlockId="8.[151,762,241,1055]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793956F892FB8CF867" bold="true" box="[847,1066,1918,1942]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Comparative notes</emphasis>
: Within the
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF99DF793EACF893FA3AF867" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1938" box="[1205,1436,1918,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kokodanus">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793EACF893FA3AF867" box="[1205,1436,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Scopaeus kokodanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group,
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF99DF7939E5F84CFB3EF846" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[1020,1176,1951,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potamides">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF7939E5F84CFB3EF846" box="[1020,1176,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">S. potamides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF793EAEF873FAAEF846" box="[1207,1288,1951,1975]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,224,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[275,1286,249,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1398,230,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–4. Habitus of Scopaeus kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Waritaian (1), S. arfakmontium, paratype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (2), S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (3), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (4)." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) is readily distinguished by the lighter coloring with reddish brown head and pronotum and unicolorous yellowish brown appendages. The species differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF96DF7638FCFED8FEA8FE9D" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kokodanus">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF96DF7638FCFED8FEA8FE9D" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">S. kokodanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF96DF763B07FEB8FEFAFE9D" box="[286,348,340,364]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,224,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[275,1286,249,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1398,230,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–4. Habitus of Scopaeus kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Waritaian (1), S. arfakmontium, paratype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (2), S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (3), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (4)." pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF96DF763B84FEB9FDF3FE9D" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[413,597,340,364]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arfakmontium">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF96DF763B84FEB9FDF3FE9D" box="[413,597,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">S. arfakmontium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF96DF76387CFEB8FD00FE9D" box="[613,678,340,364]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,224,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[275,1286,249,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1398,230,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–4. Habitus of Scopaeus kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Waritaian (1), S. arfakmontium, paratype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (2), S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (3), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (4)." pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) by the round, non-pyriform head. It moreover differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF96DF7638FCFE99FE95FE5F" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arfakmontium">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF96DF7638FCFE99FE95FE5F" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">S. arfakmontium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the smaller aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF96DF763874FE7AFD15FE5F" box="[621,691,406,430]" captionStart="Figures 5–7" captionStartId="4.[151,224,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[227,1323,999,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-374@4.[151,1398,985,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 5–7. Aedeagus (in lateral view) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (5), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (6), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (7). Abbreviations: dl – distal lobes, pb – phallobase." pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) with shorter lateral lobes, tapered apical lobes in dorsal view with characteristic shape in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF96DF763876FE34FD4BFE01" box="[623,749,472,496]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Figs 14–16</figureCitation>
), round apex of the dorsal lobe and shorter median lobe of the posterior margin of abdominal sternite VIII, which is not longer than the lateroposterior angles of the sternite (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF96DF763A86FDB7FF4BFD82" box="[159,237,603,627]" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
) and lacks a clearly emarginate tip. In addition,
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF96DF763A8EFD90FE91FD65" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,311,636,660]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potamides">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF96DF763A8EFD90FE91FD65" box="[151,311,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">S. potamides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from both
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF96DF7638FCFD90FE95FD44" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arfakmontium">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF96DF7638FCFD90FE95FD44" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">S. arfakmontium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF96DF763B7EFD71FE63FD44" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[359,453,669,693]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balkei">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF96DF763B7EFD71FE63FD44" box="[359,453,669,693]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">S. balkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the posteriorly narrowed asetose median depression of abdominal sternite VII (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF96DF763A86FD33FF48FD06" box="[159,238,735,759]" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF96DF763AB7FCECFD62FBEE" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF96DF763AB7FCECFD62FBEE" blockId="8.[151,762,241,1055]" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF96DF763AB7FCECFE8DFCE9" bold="true" box="[174,299,768,792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Etymology</emphasis>
: With the epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF96DF763BE9FCECFDC1FCE9" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[496,615,768,792]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potamides">
‘
<emphasis id="B9463871FF96DF763BE1FCECFDC1FCE9" box="[504,615,768,792]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">potamides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ (greek noun Ποταμίδες, genitiv) reference is made to the potamids, the seductive river nymphs of the Greek mythology, because representatives of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF96DF76382AFC8FFD3CFC8B" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1839" box="[563,666,867,890]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF96DF76382AFC8FFD3CFC8B" box="[563,666,867,890]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">Scopaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also inhabitants of streams. As every stream is said to have its own potamid according to the Greek mythology, we dedicate
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF96DF763AE2FC29FE2FFC2C" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[251,393,965,989]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potamides">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF96DF763AE2FC29FE2FFC2C" box="[251,393,965,989]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="147">S. potamides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the nameless water nymph of the Kolombara River of Kolombaranga Island, the name of which moreover translates as ‘lord of the waters’.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<heading id="D0C5530FFF9ADF7A3AB7FD50FE56FD27" box="[174,496,699,726]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A3AB7FD50FE56FD27" bold="true" box="[174,496,699,726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9ADF7A3AB7FD50FED6FD27" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[174,368,699,726]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balkei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A3AB7FD50FED6FD27" bold="true" box="[174,368,699,726]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Scopaeus balkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A275850AFF9ADF7A3B61FD50FE56FD27" box="[376,496,700,726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF9ADF7A3AB7FD33FE7CFD06" box="[174,474,735,759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9ADF7A3AB7FD33FE7CFD06" blockId="4.[174,496,699,759]" box="[174,474,735,759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
(
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9ADF7A3AACFD33FF5FFD06" box="[181,249,735,759]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,224,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[275,1286,249,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1398,230,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–4. Habitus of Scopaeus kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Waritaian (1), S. arfakmontium, paratype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (2), S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (3), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (4)." pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9ADF7A3B1CFD33FEB2FD06" box="[261,276,735,759]" captionStart="Figures 5–7" captionStartId="4.[151,224,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[227,1323,999,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-374@4.[151,1398,985,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 5–7. Aedeagus (in lateral view) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (5), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (6), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (7). Abbreviations: dl – distal lobes, pb – phallobase." pageId="4" pageNumber="143">6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9ADF7A3B39FD33FEC6FD06" box="[288,352,735,759]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="4" pageNumber="143">11–13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9ADF7A3B72FD33FE75FD06" box="[363,467,735,759]" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="4" pageNumber="143">19, 20, 24</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF9ADF7A3AB7FCCDFCDEFEBA" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9ADF7A3AB7FCCDFCDEFEBA" blockId="4.[151,764,800,956]" lastBlockId="4.[786,1399,241,956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A3AB7FCCDFEC8FCC9" bold="true" box="[174,366,800,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Type specimens</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B5AEE3EFF9ADF7A3B93FCCCFE3CFC6A" collectingDate="2019-11-06" collectionCode="ZMBC" collectorName="Bretschneider" country="Indonesia" elevation="300" location="Cyclops Mts" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Papua Barat" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54895AC1FF9ADF7A3B93FCCCFE48FCC9" box="[394,494,800,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D342FEAFF9ADF7A381BFCCDFDB0FCC9" box="[514,534,801,824]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F325A4F3FF9ADF7A3836FCCCFD3DFCC9" box="[559,667,800,824]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F62A81FF9ADF7A38AAFCCDFD5EFCC9" box="[691,760,801,824]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Papua</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EEDB2B8FF9ADF7A3A8EFCADFE88FCA8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B5575FF9ADF793AB7FD50FBE7FDA3:8EEDB2B8FF9ADF7A3A8EFCADFE88FCA8" box="[151,302,833,857]" country="Indonesia" name="Cyclops Mts" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" stateProvince="Papua Barat">Cyclops Mts</location>
(02°33’13’’S, 140°34’34’’E), vegetated sandbank of a small stream,
<quantity id="4CCA4986FF9ADF7A3BE9FC8EFD9BFC8B" box="[496,573,866,890]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" unit="m" value="300.0">
<elevation id="001F0350FF9ADF7A3BE9FC8EFD9BFC8B" box="[496,573,866,890]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF8CC2A3FF9ADF7A3849FC8EFD65FC8B" box="[592,707,866,890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" value="2019-11-06">
<collectingDate id="EFC83B4BFF9ADF7A3849FC8EFD65FC8B" box="[592,707,866,890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" value="2019-11-06">11.06.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26C781B5FF9ADF7A3A8EFC6FFE8BFC6A" box="[151,301,899,923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Bretschneider</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED237CA6FF9ADF7A3B59FC6FFE34FC6A" box="[320,402,899,923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">ZMBC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54895AC1FF9ADF7A3BB1FC68FDB5FC6D" box="[424,531,900,924]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D342FEAFF9ADF7A383EFC6FFD12FC6A" box="[551,692,899,923]" count="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
):
<materialsCitation id="3B5AEE3EFF9ADF7A38D3FC6FFE50FC4D" collectingDate="2019-11-06" collectionCode="MFNB" collectorName="Bretschneider" country="Indonesia" elevation="300" location="Cyclops Mts" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Papua Barat" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D342FEAFF9ADF7A38D3FC6FFD51FC6A" box="[714,759,899,923]" count="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype (
<collectionCode id="ED237CA6FF9ADF7A3B85FC48FE48FC4D" box="[412,494,932,956]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/irpn-c0nq" name="Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">MFNB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B5AEE3EFF9ADF7A381AFC48FCD2FEBA" collectingDate="2019-05-28" collectionCode="MFNB" collectorName="Bretschneider" country="Indonesia" elevation="300" location="Foja Mts" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Papua Barat" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D342FEAFF9ADF7A381AFC48FD8BFC4A" box="[515,557,932,956]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F325A4F3FF9ADF7A3823FC48FD00FC4D" box="[570,678,932,956]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F62A81FF9ADF7A38AAFC48FD5EFC4A" box="[691,760,932,955]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Papua</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EEDB2B8FF9ADF7A390BFF1DFCD3FEF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B5575FF9ADF793AB7FD50FBE7FDA3:8EEDB2B8FF9ADF7A390BFF1DFCD3FEF8" box="[786,885,241,265]" country="Indonesia" name="Foja Mts" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" stateProvince="Papua Barat">Foja Mts</location>
(02°27’32’’S, 138°46’30’’E), gravel bank of a small stream,
<quantity id="4CCA4986FF9ADF7A39D9FEFEFBA0FEDB" box="[960,1030,274,298]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" unit="m" value="300.0">
<elevation id="001F0350FF9ADF7A39D9FEFEFBA0FEDB" box="[960,1030,274,298]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF8CC2A3FF9ADF7A3E04FEFEFB34FEDB" box="[1053,1170,274,298]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" value="2019-05-28">
<collectingDate id="EFC83B4BFF9ADF7A3E04FEFEFB34FEDB" box="[1053,1170,274,298]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" value="2019-05-28">28.05.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26C781B5FF9ADF7A3EF8FEFEFAD1FEDB" box="[1249,1399,274,298]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Bretschneider</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED237CA6FF9ADF7A3903FEDFFCCAFEBA" box="[794,876,307,331]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/irpn-c0nq" name="Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">MFNB</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF9ADF793930FEB8FDE3F9FD" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9ADF7A3930FEB8FBDCFC8B" blockId="4.[786,1399,241,956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A3930FEB8FC3FFE9D" bold="true" box="[809,921,340,364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Body shape and coloring as in
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9ADF7A3EECFEB8FA92FE9D" box="[1269,1332,340,364]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,224,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[275,1286,249,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1398,230,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–4. Habitus of Scopaeus kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Waritaian (1), S. arfakmontium, paratype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (2), S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (3), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (4)." pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
. Total body length
<quantity id="4CCA4986FF9ADF7A3985FE99FB80FE7C" box="[924,1062,373,397]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="3.6">3.6 – 3.9 mm</quantity>
; forebody length
<quantity id="4CCA4986FF9ADF7A3EFEFE99FAD5FE7C" box="[1255,1395,373,397]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="2.1">2.1 – 2.3 mm</quantity>
. Head slightly elongate, non-pyriform but subcircular, 1.08 – 1.16 (
<geoCoordinate id="EE0682A4FF9ADF7A3989FE59FC7FFE3E" box="[912,985,437,463]" degrees="1.12" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" precision="555" value="-1.12">Ø 1.12</geoCoordinate>
) times as long as wide, with convex tempora evenly narrowed towards round posterior margin, across eyes 1.27 – 1.33 (
<geoCoordinate id="EE0682A4FF9ADF7A3E74FE1BFB10FDE1" box="[1133,1206,503,528]" degrees="1.36" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" precision="555" value="-1.36">Ø 1.36</geoCoordinate>
) times as wide as across tempora at half of their length from eyes to neck constriction. Eyes 0.6 – 0.63 (
<geoCoordinate id="EE0682A4FF9ADF7A3E45FDD5FB0EFDA3" box="[1116,1192,569,594]" degrees="0.61" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" precision="555" value="-0.61">Ø 0.61</geoCoordinate>
) times as long as tempora. Elytra about as long as pronotum. Penultimate segment of antenna about 1.2 times as long as wide. Tibia of mesothoracic leg 6.7 – 8.2 (
<geoCoordinate id="EE0682A4FF9ADF7A3E81FD70FB73FD44" box="[1176,1237,668,693]" degrees="7.6" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" precision="5555" value="-7.6">Ø 7.6</geoCoordinate>
) times as long as wide. Body black-brown except for yellow distal fifth of elytra, medium brown maxillary palpi, yellow-brown legs with medium brown femora, and antennae with medium brown segments 1 and 2 followed by blackened segments 3 – 6, which are gradually lighter towards yellowish brown segments 7 – 11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9ADF793930FC6FFDE3F9FD" blockId="4.[786,1399,241,956]" lastBlockId="7.[189,803,1162,1975]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A3930FC6FFCC5FC6A" bold="true" box="[809,867,899,923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Male</emphasis>
: Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9ADF7A39EDFC6FFB9EFC6A" box="[1012,1080,899,923]" captionStart="Figures 5–7" captionStartId="4.[151,224,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[227,1323,999,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-374@4.[151,1398,985,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 5–7. Aedeagus (in lateral view) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (5), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (6), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (7). Abbreviations: dl – distal lobes, pb – phallobase." pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) about
<quantity id="4CCA4986FF9ADF7A3E8DFC6FFB4FFC6A" box="[1172,1257,899,923]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
long; apical lobes in lateral view with ventrally curved dorsal margin with longitudinally bent apex and almost right angled extended ventrally (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF793B8EFB47FE44FB32" box="[407,482,1195,1219]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
), in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF7938BAFB47FD49FB32" box="[675,751,1195,1219]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) not widened laterally, but convex towards round apex, their distoventral margins circular in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF7938DDFB01FCB3FAF4" box="[708,789,1261,1285]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
); lateral lobes about as wide as long (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF793855FAE2FD6FFAD7" box="[588,713,1294,1318]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Figs 12, 13</figureCitation>
); dorsal lobe stout with round apex in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF7938DBFAC2FCB3FAB6" box="[706,789,1326,1351]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). Asetose median depression of abdominal sternite VII (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF793ADCFA9CFEA8FA79" box="[197,270,1392,1416]" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) with parallel lateral margins. Abdominal sternite VIII (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF793AE7FA7DFEE8FA58" box="[254,334,1425,1449]" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) with median lobe of posterior margin as long as lateroposterior angles; end of median lobe notably emarginate; four distinct, pigmented macrosetae situated close to posterior margin of sternite.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF4DB4EBFF9ADF7A3A8EF89FFE89F847" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" startId="4.[151,224,1907,1929]" targetBox="[227,1323,999,1870]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9ADF7A3A8EF89FFE89F847" blockId="4.[151,1399,1907,1974]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A3A8EF89FFEABF879" bold="true" box="[151,269,1907,1929]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figures 5–7.</emphasis>
Aedeagus (in lateral view) of
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9ADF7A383AF89FFD5BF879" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[547,765,1907,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arfakmontium">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A383AF89FFD5BF879" box="[547,765,1907,1928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Scopaeus arfakmontium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A3EB1F89FFB15F879" bold="true" box="[1192,1203,1907,1928]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">5</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9ADF7A3EDEF89FFAB3F879" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[1223,1301,1907,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balkei">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A3EDEF89FFAB3F879" box="[1223,1301,1907,1928]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">S. balkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A3BD7F866FE7FF86E" bold="true" box="[462,473,1930,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">6</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9ADF7A3BE9F866FDCEF86E" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[496,616,1930,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potamides">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A3BE9F866FDCEF86E" box="[496,616,1930,1951]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">S. potamides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A3E00F866FB82F86E" bold="true" box="[1049,1060,1930,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">7</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A3E25F865FB63F86E" bold="true" box="[1084,1221,1929,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Abbreviations</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A3ECCF866FB4EF86E" bold="true" box="[1237,1256,1930,1951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">dl</emphasis>
– distal lobes,
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A3A8EF84CFF16F844" bold="true" box="[151,176,1952,1973]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">pb</emphasis>
– phallobase.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4DB4EBFF9BDF7B3AA4F898FABDF846" pageId="5" pageNumber="144" startId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" targetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9BDF7B3AA4F898FABDF846" blockId="5.[189,1437,1908,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B3AA4F898FE99F878" bold="true" box="[189,319,1908,1930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">Figures 8–16.</emphasis>
Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B38BDF898FD09F878" bold="true" box="[676,687,1908,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">8</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B38A5F898FD77F878" bold="true" box="[700,721,1908,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">11</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B38C7F898FD53F878" bold="true" box="[734,757,1908,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">14</emphasis>
), ventral (
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B394FF898FCC7F878" bold="true" box="[854,865,1908,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">9</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B3977F898FC23F878" bold="true" box="[878,901,1908,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">12</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B398BF898FC0FF878" bold="true" box="[914,937,1908,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">15</emphasis>
), dorsal view (
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B3E2CF898FBEAF878" bold="true" box="[1077,1100,1908,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">10</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B3E40F898FBD6F878" bold="true" box="[1113,1136,1908,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">13</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B3E65F898FB35F878" bold="true" box="[1148,1171,1908,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">16</emphasis>
) of
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9BDF7B3EA2F898FA30F878" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[1211,1430,1908,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arfakmontium">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B3EA2F898FA30F878" box="[1211,1430,1908,1929]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">Scopaeus arfakmontium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B3844F866FD2CF86E" bold="true" box="[605,650,1930,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">8–10</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9BDF7B3887F867FD4AF851" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[670,748,1931,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balkei">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B3887F867FD4AF851" box="[670,748,1931,1952]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">S. balkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B3E65F866FB12F86E" bold="true" box="[1148,1204,1930,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">11–13</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9BDF7B3EDEF867FA9DF851" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[1223,1339,1931,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="144" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potamides">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B3EDEF867FA9DF851" box="[1223,1339,1931,1952]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">S. potamides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B3BEDF84DFD8BF847" bold="true" box="[500,557,1953,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">14–16</emphasis>
).
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B3826F84DFD6EF846" bold="true" box="[575,712,1953,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">Abbreviations</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B38CDF84DFD40F847" bold="true" box="[724,742,1953,1974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">al</emphasis>
– apical lobes,
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B396DF84DFC21F847" bold="true" box="[884,903,1953,1974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">dl</emphasis>
– dorsal lobe,
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B3E14F84DFBB3F846" bold="true" box="[1037,1045,1953,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">f</emphasis>
– flagellum,
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9BDF7B3E95F84DFB3FF847" bold="true" box="[1164,1177,1953,1974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="144">ll</emphasis>
– lateral lobe.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4DB4EBFF98DF783A8EF8B1FD30F846" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" startId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" targetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF98DF783A8EF8B1FD30F846" blockId="6.[151,1399,1885,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF783A8EF8B1FE81F883" bold="true" box="[151,295,1885,1907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Figures 17–24.</emphasis>
Abdominal sternite VII (
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF783802F8B1FD94F883" bold="true" box="[539,562,1885,1906]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">17</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF783858F8B1FDFEF883" bold="true" box="[577,600,1885,1906]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">19</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF78387EF8B1FDD8F883" bold="true" box="[615,638,1885,1906]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">21</emphasis>
) and abdominal sternite VIII (
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF7839BCF8B1FC1AF883" bold="true" box="[933,956,1885,1906]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">18</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF7839D2F8B1FC44F883" bold="true" box="[971,994,1885,1906]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">20</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF7839E9F8B1FBA1F883" bold="true" box="[1008,1031,1885,1906]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">22</emphasis>
) of
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF98DF783E2DF8B1FAB4F883" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[1076,1298,1885,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arfakmontium">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF783E2DF8B1FAB4F883" box="[1076,1298,1885,1906]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">Scopaeus arfakmontium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF783BC0F898FE56F878" bold="true" box="[473,496,1908,1929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">17</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF783BE5F898FDB5F878" bold="true" box="[508,531,1908,1929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">18</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF98DF78383CF898FDD5F878" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[549,627,1908,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balkei">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF78383CF898FDD5F878" box="[549,627,1908,1929]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">S. balkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF783E19F898FBB1F878" bold="true" box="[1024,1047,1908,1929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">19</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF783E3BF898FB9FF878" bold="true" box="[1058,1081,1908,1929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">20</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF98DF783E55F898FB66F878" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[1100,1216,1908,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potamides">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF783E55F898FB66F878" box="[1100,1216,1908,1929]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">S. potamides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF783B67F866FE33F86E" bold="true" box="[382,405,1930,1951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">21</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF783BBDF866FE1DF86E" bold="true" box="[420,443,1930,1951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">22</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF98DF783BC8F867FDEAF86E" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1938" box="[465,588,1930,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kokodanus">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF783BC8F867FDEAF86E" box="[465,588,1930,1952]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">S. kokodanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF783844F866FDD2F86E" bold="true" box="[605,628,1930,1951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">23</emphasis>
). Figs
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF7838A2F866FD74F86E" bold="true" box="[699,722,1930,1951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">23</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF7838F8F866FD5EF86E" bold="true" box="[737,760,1930,1951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">24</emphasis>
: sperm pumps of (
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF7839ABF866FC6FF86E" bold="true" box="[946,969,1930,1951]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">23</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF98DF7839C0F867FBF3F86E" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1938" box="[985,1109,1930,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kokodanus">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF7839C0F867FBF3F86E" box="[985,1109,1930,1952]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">S. kokodanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF783A86F84DFF10F847" bold="true" box="[159,182,1953,1974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">24</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF98DF783ADAF84DFEB6F847" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[195,272,1953,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balkei">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF98DF783ADAF84DFEB6F847" box="[195,272,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="145">S. balkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4DB4EBFF99DF793AA4FBC1FE13FBA8" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" startId="7.[189,253,1069,1091]" targetBox="[189,801,239,1046]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF99DF793AA4FBC1FE13FBA8" blockId="7.[189,802,1069,1113]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793AA4FBC1FE83FBB3" bold="true" box="[189,293,1069,1091]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Figure 25.</emphasis>
Habitat of
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF99DF793B84FBC1FD90FBB3" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[413,566,1069,1090]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balkei">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793B84FBC1FD90FBB3" box="[413,566,1069,1090]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Scopaeus balkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Foja Mountains, Indonesia, Papua Province.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF99DF793ACDF9F8FBD8FE7C" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF99DF793ACDF9F8FD24F99F" blockId="7.[189,803,1162,1975]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793ACDF9F8FEC2F9DD" bold="true" box="[212,356,1556,1580]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Distribution</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF99DF793B6EF9F9FD88F9DC" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[375,558,1557,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balkei">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793B6EF9F9FD88F9DC" box="[375,558,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Scopaeus balkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected in the Cyclops and Foja Mountains (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF79381FF9DAFDF2F9BC" box="[518,596,1589,1614]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="7.[189,253,1069,1091]" captionTargetBox="[189,801,239,1046]" captionTargetId="figure-632@7.[189,804,236,1046]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 25. Habitat of Scopaeus balkei in the Foja Mountains, Indonesia, Papua Province." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
) in the Indonesian province of Papua, western New
<collectingCountry id="F325A4F3FF99DF793833F9BAFDD8F99F" box="[554,638,1622,1646]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF99DF793ACDF99BFBD8FE7C" blockId="7.[189,803,1162,1975]" lastBlockId="7.[824,1437,241,594]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793ACDF99BFE10F97E" bold="true" box="[212,438,1655,1679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Comparative notes</emphasis>
: Among the members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF99DF793AA4F975FE0DF941" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1938" box="[189,427,1688,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kokodanus">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793AA4F975FE0DF941" box="[189,427,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Scopaeus kokodanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group,
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF99DF79386DF975FD7BF941" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[628,733,1688,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balkei">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF79386DF975FD7BF941" box="[628,733,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">S. balkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF7938EEF974FF6CF920" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,224,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[275,1286,249,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1398,230,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–4. Habitus of Scopaeus kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Waritaian (1), S. arfakmontium, paratype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (2), S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (3), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (4)." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) differs from both
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF99DF793BD9F955FDFDF920" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1938" box="[448,603,1721,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kokodanus">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793BD9F955FDFDF920" box="[448,603,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">S. kokodanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF79386AF955FD1CF920" box="[627,698,1721,1745]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,224,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[275,1286,249,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1398,230,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–4. Habitus of Scopaeus kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Waritaian (1), S. arfakmontium, paratype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (2), S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (3), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (4)." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF99DF793914F955FEF0F903" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arfakmontium">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793914F955FEF0F903" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">S. arfakmontium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF793B73F936FE08F903" box="[362,430,1754,1778]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,224,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[275,1286,249,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1398,230,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–4. Habitus of Scopaeus kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Waritaian (1), S. arfakmontium, paratype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (2), S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (3), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (4)." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) by smaller body size and non-pyriform head. The species can moreover be separated from
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF99DF793AE1F8F0FE0BF8C5" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[248,429,1820,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arfakmontium">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793AE1F8F0FE0BF8C5" box="[248,429,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">S. arfakmontium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the yellow apical margin of the elytra, the smaller aedeagus with stouter lateral lobes, laterally not widened, but ventrally angled extended apical lobes and round apex of the dorsal lobe (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF7938DCF892FF7EF846" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Figs 11– 13</figureCitation>
), and by the posterior margin of abdominal sternite VII with shorter median lobe and the presence of four distinct, dark macrosetae (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF99DF793E68FEFEFB6EFEDB" box="[1137,1224,274,298]" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF99DF793EFDFEFFFA3AFEDB" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[1252,1436,274,298]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balkei">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793EFDFEFFFA3AFEDB" box="[1252,1436,274,298]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Scopaeus balkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF99DF7939DEFED8FBF0FEBA" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[967,1110,307,331]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potamides">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF7939DEFED8FBF0FEBA" box="[967,1110,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">S. potamides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the darker body coloring and characters of the aedeagus and abdominal sternites VII and VIII described below.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF99DF793956FE7AFBE7FDA3" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF99DF793956FE7AFBE7FDA3" blockId="7.[824,1437,241,594]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793956FE7AFC6AFE5F" bold="true" box="[847,972,406,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">Etymology</emphasis>
: With the choice of the epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF99DF793F53FE7AFA35FE5F" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[1354,1427,406,430]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balkei">
‘
<emphasis id="B9463871FF99DF793F48FE7AFA35FE5F" box="[1361,1427,406,430]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="146">balkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ (Latinized noun, derived from the surname ‘Balke’, genitive) we warmly dedicate the species to Michael Balke, coleopterist at the Zoologische Staatssammlung Munich, who actively supports the second author in his entomological activities.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

217
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<mods:title id="B95D569DAE1EF171284542615F47E02E">The Scopaeus kokodanus species group (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae) from New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, with description of three new species</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF9DDF7D3956FD12FB53FCE9" box="[847,1269,765,792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9DDF7D3956FD12FB53FCE9" blockId="3.[847,1269,765,825]" box="[847,1269,765,792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
<heading id="D0C5530FFF9DDF7D3956FD12FB53FCE9" box="[847,1269,765,792]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9DDF7D3956FD12FB53FCE9" bold="true" box="[847,1269,765,792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9DDF7D3956FD12FBD0FCE9" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[847,1142,765,792]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arfakmontium" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9DDF7D3956FD12FBD0FCE9" bold="true" box="[847,1142,765,792]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Scopaeus arfakmontium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A275850AFF9DDF7D3E67FD12FB53FCE9" box="[1150,1269,766,792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF9DDF7D3956FCCCFBE1FCC8" box="[847,1095,800,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9DDF7D3956FCCCFBE1FCC8" blockId="3.[847,1269,765,825]" box="[847,1095,800,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
(
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9DDF7D394FFCCCFC3AFCC8" box="[854,924,800,825]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,224,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[275,1286,249,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1398,230,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–4. Habitus of Scopaeus kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Waritaian (1), S. arfakmontium, paratype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (2), S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (3), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (4)." pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9DDF7D39BEFCCCFC13FCC9" box="[935,949,800,824]" captionStart="Figures 5–7" captionStartId="4.[151,224,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[227,1323,999,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-374@4.[151,1398,985,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 5–7. Aedeagus (in lateral view) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (5), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (6), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (7). Abbreviations: dl – distal lobes, pb – phallobase." pageId="3" pageNumber="142">5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9DDF7D39D8FCCDFC51FCC8" box="[961,1015,801,825]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="3" pageNumber="142">8–10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9DDF7D3E1BFCCDFB99FCC8" box="[1026,1087,801,825]" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="3" pageNumber="142">17, 18</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF9DDF7D3956FC8EFA31FC4D" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9DDF7D3956FC8EFA31FC4D" blockId="3.[824,1437,866,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9DDF7D3956FC8EFBA5FC8B" bold="true" box="[847,1027,866,890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Type specimens</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B5AEE3EFF9DDF7D3E0BFC8EFA3FFC6A" collectingDate="2011-08-02" collectionCode="TWCF" collectorName="Watanabe" country="Indonesia" elevation="500" location="Arfak Mts" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Papua Barat" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54895AC1FF9DDF7D3E0BFC8EFBD0FC8B" box="[1042,1142,866,890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D342FEAFF9DDF7D3E67FC8FFB34FC8B" box="[1150,1170,867,890]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="F325A4F3FF9DDF7D3E86FC8EFAADFC8B" box="[1183,1291,866,890]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F62A81FF9DDF7D3F0FFC8FFA3FFC8B" box="[1302,1433,867,890]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">West Papua</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="8EEDB2B8FF9DDF7D3921FC6FFC08FC6A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B5575FF9DDF7A3956FD12FE1AFD82:8EEDB2B8FF9DDF7D3921FC6FFC08FC6A" box="[824,942,899,923]" country="Indonesia" name="Arfak Mts" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" stateProvince="Papua Barat">Arfak Mts</location>
,
<quantity id="4CCA4986FF9DDF7D39A5FC6FFBA2FC6A" box="[956,1028,899,923]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" unit="m" value="500.0">
<elevation id="001F0350FF9DDF7D39A5FC6FFBA2FC6A" box="[956,1028,899,923]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
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<collectingDate id="EFC83B4BFF9DDF7D3E0AFC6FFB2FFC6A" box="[1043,1161,899,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" value="2011-08-02">08.02.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="26C781B5FF9DDF7D3EDFFC6FFA97FC6A" box="[1222,1329,899,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Watanabe</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="ED237CA6FF9DDF7D3F5BFC6FFA34FC6A" box="[1346,1426,899,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">TWCF</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B5AEE3EFF9DDF7D3921FC48FA34FC4D" box="[824,1426,932,956]" collectingDate="2011-08-02" collectionCode="MFNB, TWCF" collectorName="Watanabe" country="Indonesia" elevation="500" location="Arfak Mts" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Papua Barat" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54895AC1FF9DDF7D3921FC48FC00FC4D" box="[824,934,932,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D342FEAFF9DDF7D39A9FC48FC7EFC4A" box="[944,984,932,956]" count="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" type="male">4 ♂</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype (
<collectionCode id="ED237CA6FF9DDF7D3EF9FC48FA94FC4D" box="[1248,1330,932,956]" country="Italy" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/irpn-c0nq" name="Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">MFNB</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED237CA6FF9DDF7D3F24FC48FA2DFC4D" box="[1341,1419,932,956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">TWCF</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF9DDF7D3956FC29FC1EF920" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9DDF7D3956FC29FA93FA78" blockId="3.[824,1437,866,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9DDF7D3956FC29FC18FC2C" bold="true" box="[847,958,965,989]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Body shape and coloring as in
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9DDF7D3F03FC29FAFCFC2C" box="[1306,1370,965,989]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,224,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[275,1286,249,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1398,230,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–4. Habitus of Scopaeus kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Waritaian (1), S. arfakmontium, paratype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (2), S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (3), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (4)." pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
. Total body length 4.7 – 5.0 mm; forebody length
<quantity id="4CCA4986FF9DDF7D3F14FC0AFA3FFC0C" box="[1293,1433,998,1022]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.7">2.7 – 2.8 mm</quantity>
. Head pyriform, 1.13 – 1.15 (
<geoCoordinate id="EE0682A4FF9DDF7D3E6FFBE9FB65FBEE" box="[1142,1219,1029,1055]" degrees="1.14" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" precision="555" value="-1.14">Ø 1.14</geoCoordinate>
) times as long as wide, across eyes 1.34 – 1.42 (
<geoCoordinate id="EE0682A4FF9DDF7D3E9DFBCAFB76FBCE" box="[1156,1232,1062,1087]" degrees="1.36" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" precision="555" value="-1.36">Ø 1.36</geoCoordinate>
) times as wide as across tempora at half of their length from eyes to neck constriction. Eyes 0.5 – 0.55 (
<geoCoordinate id="EE0682A4FF9DDF7D3E99FB84FB68FB70" box="[1152,1230,1128,1153]" degrees="0.52" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" precision="555" value="-0.52">Ø 0.52</geoCoordinate>
) times as long as tempora. Elytra about 1.14 times as long as pronotum. Penultimate segment of antenna about 1.3 times as long as wide. Tibia of mesothoracic leg 9.2 – 11.2 (
<geoCoordinate id="EE0682A4FF9DDF7D3F4AFB26FA33FB15" box="[1363,1429,1226,1252]" degrees="9.7" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" precision="5555" value="-9.7">Ø 9.7</geoCoordinate>
) times as long as wide. Body black except for dark brown maxillary palpi with light brown apex of last segment, dark brown legs with medium brown tarsi, and antennae becoming evenly lighter from dark brown proximal segments towards light brown apical segments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9DDF7D3956FA7DFC1EF920" blockId="3.[824,1437,866,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
Male: Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9DDF7D3E0EFA7DFBFDFA58" box="[1047,1115,1425,1449]" captionStart="Figures 5–7" captionStartId="4.[151,224,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[227,1323,999,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-374@4.[151,1398,985,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 5–7. Aedeagus (in lateral view) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (5), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (6), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (7). Abbreviations: dl – distal lobes, pb – phallobase." pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) about
<quantity id="4CCA4986FF9DDF7D3EAEFA7DFAA8FA58" box="[1207,1294,1425,1449]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
long; apical lobes parallel in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9DDF7D3E6BFA5EFB09FA3B" box="[1138,1199,1458,1482]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
), in ventral and dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9DDF7D3964FA3FFC4AFA1A" box="[893,1004,1491,1515]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Figs 9, 10</figureCitation>
) convex laterally; lateral lobes notably longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9DDF7D3E1CFA18FBD1F9FD" box="[1029,1143,1524,1548]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Figs 9, 10</figureCitation>
); dorsal lobe triangular in dorsal view with subacute apex (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9DDF7D3E8DF9F9FB46F9DC" box="[1172,1248,1557,1581]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
). Asetose median depression of abdominal sternite VII (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9DDF7D3F19F9DAFAF3F9BF" box="[1280,1365,1590,1614]" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
) with parallel lateral margins. Abdominal sternite VIII (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9DDF7D3F6BF9BAFCF7F97E" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
) with median lobe of posterior margin notably longer than lateroposterior angles; end of median lobe notably emarginate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF9DDF7A3956F936FD5AFDE0" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9DDF7D3956F936FAD2F8C2" blockId="3.[824,1437,866,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9DDF7D3956F936FC7AF903" bold="true" box="[847,988,1754,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Distribution</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9DDF7D39E1F936FAAAF903" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[1016,1292,1754,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arfakmontium">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9DDF7D39E1F936FAAAF903" box="[1016,1292,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Scopaeus arfakmontium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is hitherto known only from the
<typeStatus id="54895AC1FF9DDF7D3E03F917FBECF8E2" box="[1050,1098,1787,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">type</typeStatus>
locality in the Arfak Mountains in the east of the Bird’s Head Peninsula,
<collectingRegion id="49F62A81FF9DDF7D3EF7F8F0FAC9F8C2" box="[1262,1391,1820,1843]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">West Papua</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9DDF7A3956F8D0FD5AFDE0" blockId="3.[824,1437,866,1975]" lastBlockId="4.[151,764,241,627]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="143" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9DDF7D3956F8D0FB91F8A4" bold="true" box="[847,1079,1852,1877]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Comparative notes</emphasis>
: Among the related species treated here,
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9DDF7D39D0F8B2FB70F884" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[969,1238,1885,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arfakmontium">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9DDF7D39D0F8B2FB70F884" box="[969,1238,1885,1909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Scopaeus arfakmontium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9DDF7D3EFCF8B1FA80F887" box="[1253,1318,1885,1910]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,224,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[275,1286,249,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1398,230,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–4. Habitus of Scopaeus kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Waritaian (1), S. arfakmontium, paratype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (2), S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (3), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (4)." pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) is readily distinguishable from
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9DDF7D3E07F893FB08F867" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1938" box="[1054,1198,1918,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kokodanus">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9DDF7D3E07F893FB08F867" box="[1054,1198,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">S. kokodanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9DDF7D3EA3F892FB53F867" box="[1210,1269,1918,1942]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,224,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[275,1286,249,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1398,230,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–4. Habitus of Scopaeus kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Waritaian (1), S. arfakmontium, paratype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (2), S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (3), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (4)." pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) by the entirely black body without a light posterior margin of the elytra and the more elongate distal antennal segments. It differs from both
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9ADF7A3B12FEFFFECCFEDB" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[267,362,274,298]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balkei">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A3B12FEFFFECCFEDB" box="[267,362,274,298]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">S. balkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9ADF7A3B60FEFEFE1FFEDB" box="[377,441,274,298]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,224,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[275,1286,249,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1398,230,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–4. Habitus of Scopaeus kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Waritaian (1), S. arfakmontium, paratype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (2), S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (3), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (4)." pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9ADF7A3BEFFEFFFD25FEDB" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[502,643,274,298]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="potamides">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A3BEFFEFFFD25FEDB" box="[502,643,274,298]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">S. potamides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9ADF7A388BFEFEFD74FEDB" box="[658,722,274,298]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,224,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[275,1286,249,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1398,230,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–4. Habitus of Scopaeus kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Waritaian (1), S. arfakmontium, paratype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (2), S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (3), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (4)." pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) by larger body size, the pyriform head, the larger aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9ADF7A3A86FEB8FF47FE9D" box="[159,225,340,364]" captionStart="Figures 5–7" captionStartId="4.[151,224,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[227,1323,999,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-374@4.[151,1398,985,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 5–7. Aedeagus (in lateral view) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (5), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (6), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (7). Abbreviations: dl – distal lobes, pb – phallobase." pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) with elongate lateral lobes and the shape of the apical lobes, which are convexely widened laterally and parallel in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9ADF7A3B87FE7AFDAAFE5F" box="[414,524,406,430]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figs 8–10</figureCitation>
), and by the posterior margin of abdominal sternite VIII with the median lobe longer than the lateroposterior angles (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9ADF7A3861FE34FD63FE01" box="[632,709,472,496]" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
) and without four distinct, black macrosetae (see
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9ADF7A386EFE14FD56FDE0" box="[631,752,504,529]" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Figs 20, 22</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF9ADF7A3AB7FDF6FE1AFD82" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9ADF7A3AB7FDF6FE1AFD82" blockId="4.[151,764,241,627]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A3AB7FDF6FE8DFDC3" bold="true" box="[174,299,538,562]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">Etymology</emphasis>
: The epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9ADF7A3BDBFDF6FDC7FDC0" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[450,609,537,562]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="143" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arfakmontium">
‘
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9ADF7A3BD0FDF5FDC7FDC0" box="[457,609,537,561]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">arfakmontium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ (latin, noun, genitive: ‘of the Arfak Mountains’) refers to the
<typeStatus id="54895AC1FF9ADF7A38D5FDD7FD5AFDA2" box="[716,764,571,595]" pageId="4" pageNumber="143">type</typeStatus>
locality of the new species.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<mods:url id="B48BE6D5CD1AB560A432516656F666CD">http://dx.doi.org/10.25674/so94iss3id303</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="6AE9E44D5BE8A33F81171665CA1E3A1D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="8324D33821908EB8BC018C37EF5A2EA7" type="DOI">10.25674/SO94iSS3iD303</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B5DE6B224B970D0BE7A5E74EFD083BA5" type="ISSN">2509-9523</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039B5575FF9FDF7D3ACDF9FFFDE2FDC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B5575FF9FDF7D3ACDF9FFFDE2FDC0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B5575FF9FDF7D3ACDF9FFFDE2FDC0" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF9FDF7F3ACDF9FFFEDDF9BA" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9FDF7F3ACDF9FFFEDDF9BA" blockId="1.[212,719,1554,1611]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
<heading id="D0C5530FFF9FDF7F3ACDF9FFFEDDF9BA" bold="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9FDF7F3ACDF9FFFEDDF9BA" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
The
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9FDF7F3B15F9FFFD69F9DC" ID-CoL="6Y9DN" authority="Cameron, 1938" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1938" box="[268,719,1554,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kokodanus">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9FDF7F3B15F9FFFDAFF9DC" bold="true" box="[268,521,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Scopaeus kokodanus</emphasis>
Cameron, 1938
</taxonomicName>
species group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF9FDF7F3ACDF99BFAB4FA79" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9FDF7F3ACDF99BFB87FDC0" blockId="1.[189,802,1655,1975]" lastBlockId="1.[824,1437,241,1976]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9FDF7F3ACDF99BFEE5F97E" bold="true" box="[212,323,1655,1679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Medium sized to large, macrophthalmous, alate
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9FDF7F3B1AF975FECCF941" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1839" box="[259,362,1689,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9FDF7F3B1AF975FECCF941" box="[259,362,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Scopaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with slender body and appendages (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9FDF7F3ADDF955FE8CF920" box="[196,298,1721,1745]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,224,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[275,1286,249,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1398,230,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–4. Habitus of Scopaeus kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Waritaian (1), S. arfakmontium, paratype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (2), S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (3), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (4)." pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
). Body length 3.6–5.0 mm, forebody length
<quantity id="4CCA4986FF9FDF7F3AA4F936FEE1F900" box="[189,327,1754,1778]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" unit="mm" value="2.45" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.1">2.1 – 2.8 mm</quantity>
. Head slightly elongate to strongly pyriform with maximum width across eyes and tempora evenly narrowed from eyes to neck constriction, head 1.08 – 1.16 times as long as wide, head across eyes 1.17 – 1.42 times as wide as tempora at half of length from eyes to neck constriction. Median labral denticles acute, lateral labral denticles shorter and stouter, with about right-angled apex. Antenna slender with elongate distal segments, penultimate segment 1.1 – 1.14 times as long as wide. Protarsomeres about twice as wide as long. Legs slender, tibia of mesothoracic leg 6.7 – 11.2 times as long as wide. Elytra with well developed shoulders, about 1.1 – 1.23 times as long as pronotum. Metathoracic wings fully developed and functional. Surface of forebody shiny with very fine and spacious setose punctation and without microreticulation. Abdomen finely microreticulate, matter than forebody.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9FDF7F3956FDD6FC69FB15" blockId="1.[824,1437,241,1976]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9FDF7F3956FDD6FC2FFDA3" bold="true" box="[847,905,570,594]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Male</emphasis>
: Aedeagus with long phallobase and comparatively short distal lobes (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9FDF7F3EAEFDB7FAB8FD82" box="[1207,1310,603,627]" captionStart="Figures 5–7" captionStartId="4.[151,224,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[227,1323,999,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-374@4.[151,1398,985,1887]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figures 5–7. Aedeagus (in lateral view) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (5), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (6), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (7). Abbreviations: dl – distal lobes, pb – phallobase." pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Figs 5–7</figureCitation>
); in dorsal and ventral view (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9FDF7F39E2FD90FAA3FD65" box="[1019,1285,636,660]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Figs 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16</figureCitation>
), lateral lobes strongly projecting, each bearing apical and ventral group of long setae; apical lobes short, almost semicircular at apex in dorsal and ventral view (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9FDF7F3EB3FD33FCF2FCE6" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Figs 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16</figureCitation>
), with somewhat emarginate ventrodistal margin (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9FDF7F3F74FCECFC31FCC8" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Figs 8, 11, 14</figureCitation>
); dorsal lobe evenly narrowed towards apex in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9FDF7F39DEFCADFBFDFCA8" box="[967,1115,833,857]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Figs 8, 11, 14</figureCitation>
), with subtriangular (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9FDF7F3F51FCADFA33FCA8" box="[1352,1429,833,857]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) to round (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9FDF7F3987FC8EFBB4FC8B" box="[926,1042,866,890]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Figs 13, 16</figureCitation>
) apex in dorsal view; flagellum short and without modifications (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9FDF7F3E74FC6FFAAAFC6A" box="[1133,1292,899,923]" captionStart="Figures 8–16" captionStartId="5.[189,262,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[236,1378,299,1853]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1436,227,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figures 8–16. Apical portion of aedeagus in lateral (8, 11, 14), ventral (9, 12, 15), dorsal view (10, 13, 16) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua, Arfak Mts (8–10), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (11–13), S. potamides, holotype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (14–16). Abbreviations: al – apical lobes, dl – dorsal lobe, f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobe." pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Figs 8, 11, 14</figureCitation>
). Abdominal sternite VII (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9FDF7F39C2FC48FB33FC4D" box="[987,1173,932,956]" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Figs 17, 19, 21</figureCitation>
) slightly and broadly emarginate posteriorly and with strong, asetose, median depression covering more than median half of sternite width and all of sternite length, except for strongly sclerotized posterior margin, and being surrounded by a varying number of long, black, medioposteriad pointing setae. Posterior margin of abdominal sternite VIII (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9FDF7F3F74FB85FC04FB53" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Figs 18, 20, 22</figureCitation>
) with two deep, lateral emarginations forming narrow median lobe with more or less shallow distal emargination.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9FDF7F3956FB01FAB4FA79" blockId="1.[824,1437,241,1976]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9FDF7F3956FB01FC07FAF4" bold="true" box="[847,929,1261,1285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Female</emphasis>
: Sperm pump (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9FDF7F3E4CFB01FB0AFAF4" box="[1109,1196,1261,1285]" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Figs 23</figureCitation>
, 34) of characteristic shape of
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9FDF7F39BCFAE2FBAAFAD4" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1839" box="[933,1036,1294,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9FDF7F39BCFAE2FBAAFAD4" box="[933,1036,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Scopaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A275850AFF9FDF7F3E00FAE2FBFEFAD4" box="[1049,1112,1294,1317]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA39992FF9FDF7F3E75FAE2FACAFAD7" author="Frisch, J. &amp; D. Burckhardt &amp; V. Wolters" box="[1132,1388,1294,1318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" pagination="27 - 53" refId="ref4585" refString="Frisch, J., D. Burckhardt &amp; V. Wolters (2002): Rove beetles of the subtribe Scopaeina Coiffait (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in the West Palaearctic: Phylogeny, biogeography and species catalogue. - Organisms, Diversity &amp; Evolution 2 (1): 27 - 53. - Electronic Supplement: Synonymic catalog of West Palaearctic Scopaeina including biogeographic information: 1 - 13 [http: // senckenberg. uni-frankfurt. de / odes / 02 - 02. htm]." type="journal article" year="2002">Frisch et al. 2002: 30</bibRefCitation>
, 35, 44,
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9FDF7F397AFAC2FC10FAB6" box="[867,950,1326,1351]" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Figs 24</figureCitation>
–29), but without species group and species specific features. Bursa copulatrix (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFA39992FF9FDF7F3EC7FAA3FCF3FA79" author="Frisch, J. &amp; D. Burckhardt &amp; V. Wolters" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" pagination="27 - 53" refId="ref4585" refString="Frisch, J., D. Burckhardt &amp; V. Wolters (2002): Rove beetles of the subtribe Scopaeina Coiffait (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in the West Palaearctic: Phylogeny, biogeography and species catalogue. - Organisms, Diversity &amp; Evolution 2 (1): 27 - 53. - Electronic Supplement: Synonymic catalog of West Palaearctic Scopaeina including biogeographic information: 1 - 13 [http: // senckenberg. uni-frankfurt. de / odes / 02 - 02. htm]." type="journal article" year="2002">Frisch et al. 2002: 30</bibRefCitation>
, Fig. 27) hyaline, without sclerotizations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328B7E8FF9FDF7D3956FA7DFDE2FDC0" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9FDF7F3956FA7DFC54F9FD" blockId="1.[824,1437,241,1976]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9FDF7F3956FA7DFC7AFA58" bold="true" box="[847,988,1425,1449]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Distribution</emphasis>
: As far as known presently, the
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9FDF7F3F2CFA7EFC0BFA3B" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kokodanus">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9FDF7F3F2CFA7EFC0BFA3B" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Scopaeus kokodanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group is confined to the Australasian region and hitherto known from New
<collectingCountry id="F325A4F3FF9FDF7F3EF6FA3FFA98FA1A" box="[1263,1342,1491,1515]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Guinea</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="F325A4F3FF9FDF7F3921FA18FC48F9FD" box="[824,1006,1524,1548]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8DE463FF9FDF7F3956F9F8FBF4F884" blockId="1.[824,1437,241,1976]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9FDF7F3956F9F8FC60F9DD" bold="true" box="[847,966,1556,1580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Bionomics</emphasis>
: According to the sparse label information, members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9FDF7F39F1F9DAFB60F9BF" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1938" box="[1000,1222,1590,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kokodanus">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9FDF7F39F1F9DAFB60F9BF" box="[1000,1222,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Scopaeus kokodanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group were collected on banks of rain forest streams and rivers, which matches the major habitat preference of
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9FDF7F3F0AF994FADEF97E" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1839" box="[1299,1400,1656,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9FDF7F3F0AF994FADEF97E" box="[1299,1400,1656,1679]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Scopaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA39992FF9FDF7F39DBF974FB17F941" author="Frisch, J. &amp; D. Burckhardt &amp; V. Wolters" box="[962,1201,1688,1712]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" pagination="27 - 53" refId="ref4585" refString="Frisch, J., D. Burckhardt &amp; V. Wolters (2002): Rove beetles of the subtribe Scopaeina Coiffait (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in the West Palaearctic: Phylogeny, biogeography and species catalogue. - Organisms, Diversity &amp; Evolution 2 (1): 27 - 53. - Electronic Supplement: Synonymic catalog of West Palaearctic Scopaeina including biogeographic information: 1 - 13 [http: // senckenberg. uni-frankfurt. de / odes / 02 - 02. htm]." type="journal article" year="2002">Frisch et al. (2002: 28)</bibRefCitation>
, at elevations between 200 and
<quantity id="4CCA4986FF9FDF7F398CF955FC7FF920" box="[917,985,1721,1745]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
a.s.l.. The locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9FDF7F3EDCF955FA87F920" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[1221,1313,1721,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balkei">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9FDF7F3EDCF955FA87F920" box="[1221,1313,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">S. balkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Foja Mountains (
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9FDF7F39D8F936FBB0F903" box="[961,1046,1754,1778]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="7.[189,253,1069,1091]" captionTargetBox="[189,801,239,1046]" captionTargetId="figure-632@7.[189,804,236,1046]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 25. Habitat of Scopaeus balkei in the Foja Mountains, Indonesia, Papua Province." pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
) is representative for this habitat
<typeStatus id="54895AC1FF9FDF7F3921F917FCC0F8E2" box="[824,870,1787,1811]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9FDF7F3988F917FC50F8E3" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1839" box="[913,1014,1787,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9FDF7F3988F917FC50F8E3" box="[913,1014,1787,1810]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Scopaeus</emphasis>
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in tropical rain forests. Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9FDF7F3921F8F0FC32F8C5" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[824,916,1820,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balkei">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9FDF7F3921F8F0FC32F8C5" box="[824,916,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">S. balkei</emphasis>
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were flushed by the alluvial method from semishaded gravel banks of this stream and similar localities in the Cyclops Mountains.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9463871FF9FDF7F3956F892FB80F867" bold="true" box="[847,1062,1918,1942]" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Comparative notes</emphasis>
: The
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<emphasis id="B9463871FF9FDF7F3E7CF893FAEEF867" box="[1125,1352,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="140">Scopaeus kokodanus</emphasis>
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species group is well defined according to the apomorphic characters of the primary and secondary sexual characters described above. The slender body shape of
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9DDF7D3AA4FED8FEEAFEBA" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1938" box="[189,332,307,331]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kokodanus">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9DDF7D3AA4FED8FEEAFEBA" box="[189,332,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">S. kokodanus</emphasis>
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and
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9DDF7D3B64FED8FD89FEBA" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[381,559,307,331]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arfakmontium">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9DDF7D3B64FED8FD89FEBA" box="[381,559,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">S. arfakmontium</emphasis>
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with the characteristic pyriform head is, however, widespread in the genus, found in various species groups and thus a convergency. An example is the Australian
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9DDF7D3829FE7AFF57FE3E" authority="Lea, 1923" authorityName="Lea" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ctenocryptus">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9DDF7D3829FE7AFD47FE5F" box="[560,737,406,430]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">S. ctenocryptus</emphasis>
Lea, 1923
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA39992FF9DDF7D3B1FFE5BFE29FE3E" author="Frisch, J." box="[262,399,439,463]" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" pagination="55 - 88" refId="ref4544" refString="Frisch, J. (2016): On the Scopaeina Mulsant &amp; Rey of Australasia (Staphylinidae, Paederinae): type revisions and new biogeographic data. - Soil Organisms 88 (1): 55 - 88." type="journal article" year="2016">Frisch 2016</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9DDF7D3BB9FE5BFE40FE3E" box="[416,486,439,463]" captionStart="Figures 1–4" captionStartId="2.[151,224,1930,1952]" captionTargetBox="[275,1286,249,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1398,230,1903]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 1–4. Habitus of Scopaeus kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Waritaian (1), S. arfakmontium, paratype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (2), S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (3), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (4)." pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), which strongly resembles the habitus of these species, but has sexual characters notably different from those of the
<taxonomicName id="4C329FE0FF9DDF7D3822FE15FD6AFDE1" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1938" box="[571,716,504,528]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kokodanus">
<emphasis id="B9463871FF9DDF7D3822FE15FD6AFDE1" box="[571,716,504,528]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="142">S. kokodanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (
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:
<figureCitation id="1309F8E6FF9DDF7D3B8CFDF5FDB6FDC3" box="[405,528,537,562]" captionStart="Figures 17–24" captionStartId="6.[151,224,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[222,1362,228,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-24@6.[151,1398,224,1865]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figures 17–24. Abdominal sternite VII (17, 19, 21) and abdominal sternite VIII (18, 20, 22) of Scopaeus arfakmontium, holotype, Indonesia, West Papua,Arfak Mts (17, 18), S. balkei, holotype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts (19, 20), S. potamides, paratype, Solomon Islands, Kolombangara (21, 22), S. kokodanus (23). Figs 23, 24: sperm pumps of (23) S. kokodanus, Papua New Guinea, Morobe, (24) S. balkei, paratype, Indonesia, Papua, Cyclops Mts." pageId="3" pageNumber="142">Figs 20–22</figureCitation>
, 60).
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89
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@ -83,9 +84,9 @@ Chen
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<figureCitation id="13382A57590BFFA503F7E11C85E7EB34" box="[129,207,1545,1571]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1722,1743]" captionTargetBox="[173,1407,230,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3A–M. Trochilioides recta from life (A, B, E–G, K) and after protargol impregnation (C, D, H–J, L, M). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B, F – right view, arrowhead (F) indicates contractile vacuole; C, D – to show infraciliature, arrows mark kinetosome-like granules at base of podite; E, G – ventral view, arrowheads (E) point to tooth and arrow (G) shows podite; H – anterior portion, double arrowheads point to circumoral kineties, arrow refers to preoral kinety, arrowhead indicates terminal fragment; I – posterior portion, arrow marks kinetosome-like granules at base of podite; J – anterior portion, arrows point to postoral kineties; K – details of cytoplasm, arrows show contractile vacuoles, arrowheads refer to nematodesmal rods; L – right portion of ventral side, arrowhead points to equatorial fragment; M – infraciliature. Co – circumoral kineties, EF – equatorial fragment, FvK – frontoventral kineties, Ma – macronucleus, Pr – preoral kinety, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 20 µm (A, C), 15 µm (E, G, M)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192819/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13382A57590BFFA503AAE11C85C5EB34" box="[220,237,1545,1571]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[121,156,841,862]" captionTargetBox="[129,1442,225,789]" captionTargetId="figure-292@7.[121,1459,225,808]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4A–O. Trochilioides recta and its congeners whose infraciliature are known. A–C, E, H – Trochilioides recta, A and B from Kahl (1928), C from Kahl (1931), E from Borror (1972), H from Deroux (1976); D – Orthotrochilia agamalievi (syn. Trochilioides recta sensu Agamaliev, 1974), fromAgamaliev (1974); F – Trochilioides recta sensu Dragesco, 1966, from Dragesco (1966); G – Trochilioides trivialis, from Fenchel (1965); I – T. tenuis, from Deroux (1976); J, K – T. bathybius, J from Jankowski (1967), K from Deroux (1976); L – T.dispar, from Fauré-Fremiet (1965); M – T. littoralis, from Jankowski (1967); N, O – T. fimbriatus, from Foissner (1984), arrowhead (O) points to the basket-curtain. Scale bars: 20 µm." pageId="5" pageNumber="30">4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13382A57590BFFA503AAE11C85C5EB34" box="[220,237,1545,1571]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[121,156,841,862]" captionTargetBox="[129,1442,225,789]" captionTargetId="figure-292@7.[121,1459,225,808]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4A–O. Trochilioides recta and its congeners whose infraciliature are known. A–C, E, H – Trochilioides recta, A and B from Kahl (1928), C from Kahl (1931), E from Borror (1972), H from Deroux (1976); D – Orthotrochilia agamalievi (syn. Trochilioides recta sensu Agamaliev, 1974), fromAgamaliev (1974); F – Trochilioides recta sensu Dragesco, 1966, from Dragesco (1966); G – Trochilioides trivialis, from Fenchel (1965); I – T. tenuis, from Deroux (1976); J, K – T. bathybius, J from Jankowski (1967), K from Deroux (1976); L – T.dispar, from Fauré-Fremiet (1965); M – T. littoralis, from Jankowski (1967); N, O – T. fimbriatus, from Foissner (1984), arrowhead (O) points to the basket-curtain. Scale bars: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192821" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192821/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="30">4</figureCitation>
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Cell size about 50–60 × 20–25 μm
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. Body elliptical in outline with anterior end bluntly rounded and posterior tapered (
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA107D4E43A8074EE5E" box="[1186,1372,815,841]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1A, F, I, J</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA107D4E43A8074EE5E" box="[1186,1372,815,841]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192815/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1A, F, I, J</figureCitation>
). Dorsal side vaulted with a longitudinal furrow in middle, while ventral side flattened (
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA107F6E4608079EE98" box="[1152,1361,885,911]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1B, C, H, L</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA107F6E4608079EE98" box="[1152,1361,885,911]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192815/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1B, C, H, L</figureCitation>
). Cytostome sub-apically located, about 9 μm in width, and surrounded by 25–32 nematodesmal rods (
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA10651E4AF866BEEE0" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1F, D, M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA10651E4AF866BEEE0" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192815/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1F, D, M</figureCitation>
). Cytoplasm colourless, containing numerous small, greasily shining granules. Two contractile vacuoles, 4–5 μm in diameter, positioned in anterior and posterior 1/4 of body length, near right margin; contracting interval about 16 seconds (
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA1075CE3728182E996" box="[1066,1194,1127,1153]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1C, G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA1075CE3728182E996" box="[1066,1194,1127,1153]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192815/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1C, G</figureCitation>
). Podite, about 10 μm long, subcaudally positioned (
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA107E4E39F81CFE9B3" box="[1170,1255,1162,1188]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1I</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA107E4E39F81CFE9B3" box="[1170,1255,1162,1188]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192815/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1I</figureCitation>
). Single macronucleus ellipsoid, about 25 × 11 μm
<emphasis id="B977EAC0590FFFA10794E3B8801CE9D0" box="[1250,1332,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">in vivo</emphasis>
, centrally located (
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA100FAE3DA86C4E9FE" box="[908,1004,1231,1257]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA100FAE3DA86C4E9FE" box="[908,1004,1231,1257]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192815/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
). Cilia about 10 μm long. Movement by slowly gliding on the substrate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBC36D2590FFFA1003DE20080B8EBD8" blockId="1.[805,1452,226,1951]" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">
Infraciliature as shown in
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA1070BE200806EE838" box="[1149,1350,1301,1327]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1D, E, K, M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA1070BE200806EE838" box="[1149,1350,1301,1327]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192815/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1D, E, K, M</figureCitation>
. In total, 18–21 somatic kineties, the two right-most of which are almost equal in length, with both extending anteriorly and bending to the left side; the five right-most kineties terminating posteriorly at the same level, while others are progressively shorten from right to left (
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA10633E2D78644E8E8" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1D, K, M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA10633E2D78644E8E8" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192815/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1D, K, M</figureCitation>
). Equatorial fragment composed of 3–12 basal bodies, and terminal fragment consisting of 6–11 ones (
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA10058E13F869CEB53" box="[814,948,1578,1604]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1D, E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA10058E13F869CEB53" box="[814,948,1578,1604]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192815/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1D, E</figureCitation>
). About 4–6 kinetosome-like dots present near the base of the podite (
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA10715E1588197EB70" box="[1123,1215,1613,1639]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA10715E1588197EB70" box="[1123,1215,1613,1639]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192815/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Oral ciliature typical of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C034D51590FFFA10083E17A81B7EB9E" authorityName="Song" authorityYear="2003" box="[1013,1183,1647,1673]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Aegyrianidae" genus="Orthotrochilia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Dysteriida" pageId="1" pageNumber="26" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B977EAC0590FFFA10083E17A81B7EB9E" box="[1013,1183,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Orthotrochilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: two perioral kineties composed of dikinetids and distinctly separated; the left kinety triple the length of the right one (
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA1078DE1A080ABEBD8" box="[1275,1411,1717,1743]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1D, M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="13382A57590FFFA1078DE1A080ABEBD8" box="[1275,1411,1717,1743]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" captionTargetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" captionTargetId="figure-7@2.[148,1433,225,1117]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1A–M. Orthotrochilia sinica spec. nov. from life (A–C, F–J, L) and after protargol impregnation (D, E, K, M). A – ventral view of a representative individual; B, L – lateral view; C – to show contractile vacuoles (arrowheads) and the furrow in dorsal side; D, E – infraciliature of ventral (D) and dorsal (E) side; F, G – ventral view, arrow (F) indicates cytostome and arrowheads (G) mark contractile vacuoles; H – dorsal view; I, J – ventral view of different individuals, arrowhead (I) indicates the podite; K – posterior portion; M – infraciliature. EF – equatorial fragment, Ma – macronucleus, PK – perioral kineties, TF – terminal fragment. Scale bars: 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192815/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="26">Fig. 1D, M</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
@ -204,7 +205,7 @@ and
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7C665A590CFFA203F7E38C81ECE809" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" startId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" targetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<caption id="DF7C665A590CFFA203F7E38C81ECE809" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192815" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13192815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192815/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" startId="2.[129,164,1177,1198]" targetBox="[170,1433,231,1117]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBC36D2590CFFA203F7E38C81ECE809" blockId="2.[129,1461,1177,1310]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B977EAC0590CFFA203F7E38C85DDE9B9" bold="true" box="[129,245,1177,1198]" pageId="2" pageNumber="27">Fig. 1A–M.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C034D51590CFFA2038BE38C84E0E9B9" authorityName="Pan &amp; Ma &amp; Hu &amp; Al-Rasheid &amp; Al-Farraj" authorityYear="2013" box="[253,456,1177,1198]" class="Cyrtophoria" family="Aegyrianidae" genus="Orthotrochilia" kingdom="Chromista" order="Dysteriida" pageId="2" pageNumber="27" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="sinica" status="sp. nov.">

313
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View file

@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
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<treatment id="03B42937FFA9C8172B8BFA10FD40FE7B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13193082" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0CE35F2F-46BF-40DC-BF13-10388B435B1D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B42937FFA9C8172B8BFA10FD40FE7B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<subSubSection id="C307CBAAFFA9C8152B8BFA10FDF3FA21" box="[174,597,1423,1450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFA9C8152B8BFA10FDF3FA21" blockId="4.[174,755,1423,1548]" box="[174,597,1423,1450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="D0EA2F4DFFA9C8152B8BFA10FDF3FA21" box="[174,597,1423,1450]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFA9C8152B8BFA10FE7FFA21" authorityName="Mainda" authorityYear="2024" box="[174,473,1423,1450]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puthzianus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA9C8152B8BFA10FE7FFA21" bold="true" box="[174,473,1423,1450]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Megalopinus puthzianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AF948FFA9C8152AC5FA0FFDF3FA21" box="[480,597,1424,1450]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C307CBAAFFA9C8152B8BFA2FFEDDF987" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFA9C8152B8BFA2FFEDDF987" blockId="4.[174,755,1423,1548]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
(
<figureCitation id="132684A4FFA9C8152B93FA2FFEA4FA41" box="[182,258,1456,1482]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[189,253,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[189,1436,717,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-259@5.[189,1436,717,1932]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Female paratype of Megalopinus puthzianus spec. nov., habitus, Malaysia, Kedah, scale = 1 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132684A4FFA9C8152A2AFA2FFEF0FA41" box="[271,342,1456,1482]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[151,215,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,765,981,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-352@6.[148,773,977,1889]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Megalopinus puthzianus spec. nov., elytral coloration of a female paratype of M. puthzianus spec. nov., ‘Thailande-Trang’ (4A); elytral coloration of a male paratype of M. puthzianus spec. nov., Thailand, Khao Lak Lamru N.P. (4B); aedeagus of M. puthzianus spec. nov. holotype (4C). All without scale." pageId="4" pageNumber="41">4A–C</figureCitation>
)
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</uri>
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<subSubSection id="C307CBAAFFA9C8152BB2F9A9FB7CFDF8" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFA9C8152BB2F9A9FB7CFDF8" blockId="4.[151,764,1589,1975]" lastBlockId="4.[786,1399,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA9C8152BB2F9A9FEFFF9C6" bold="true" box="[151,345,1589,1614]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Type specimens:</emphasis>
male
<typeStatus id="54A62683FFA9C8152A83F9A9FDAEF9C5" box="[422,520,1590,1614]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: ‘
<collectingCountry id="F30AD8B1FFA9C8152939F9A9FD22F9C5" box="[540,644,1590,1614]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Thailand</collectingCountry>
:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA9C81529B6F9A9FD63F9C5" box="[659,709,1590,1614]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="70.0">70m</quantity>
, Sur at Thani P., Khao Sok N. Park, Schwendinger 6.12.91’ / ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFA9C8152B90F9E8FDBCF904" authority="Naomi" authorityName="Naomi, S. Nomura" authorityYear="1986" box="[181,538,1655,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirashimai">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA9C8152B90F9E8FE64F904" box="[181,450,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Megalopinus hirashimai</emphasis>
Naomi
</taxonomicName>
, det.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFA9C8152945F9E8FD44F904" author="Puthz, V." box="[608,738,1655,1679]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" pagination="1373 - 1430" refId="ref6872" refString="Puthz, V. (2012): Uber die Megalopinus - Arten der Orientalis (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Linzer biologische Beitrage 44 (2): 1373 - 1430." type="journal article" year="2012">Puthz 2012</bibRefCitation>
’ / red label ‘male
<typeStatus id="54A62683FFA9C8152A71F907FE47F93B" box="[340,481,1688,1712]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFA9C8152ACAF907FD5AF93B" authorityName="Mainda" authorityYear="2024" box="[495,764,1688,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puthzianus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA9C8152ACAF907FD5AF93B" box="[495,764,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Megalopinus puthzianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AF948FFA9C8152BB2F925FF48F95A" box="[151,238,1722,1745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, design. Mainda, 2024’, aedeagus embedded in Euparal on a transparent platelet (MHNG).
<specimenCount id="9D1B53A8FFA9C8152941F945FD5EF979" box="[612,760,1754,1778]" count="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">Six paratypes</specimenCount>
:
<specimenCount id="9D1B53A8FFA9C8152BB2F964FF5FF898" box="[151,249,1787,1811]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
specimen, ‘S-Thailand,
<collectingRegion id="49D956C3FFA9C8152ADAF964FD11F899" box="[511,695,1787,1811]" country="Thailand" name="Phangnga" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Phang Nga Prov.</collectingRegion>
, Khao Lak Lamru N.P., rainforest nr. Hdqu.,
<date id="FFA3BEE1FFA9C815296BF883FD51F8BF" box="[590,759,1820,1844]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" value="2002-03-23" valueMax="2002-03-27" valueMin="2002-03-23">23-27 III 2002</date>
, E. Heiss’ / ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFA9C8152A38F8A2FDDCF8DE" authority="Naomi" authorityName="Naomi, S. Nomura" authorityYear="1986" box="[285,634,1853,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirashimai">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA9C8152A38F8A2FD80F8DE" box="[285,550,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Megalopinus hirashimai</emphasis>
Naomi
</taxonomicName>
, det.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFA9C815299DF8A2FF69F8FD" author="Puthz, V." pageId="4" pageNumber="41" pagination="1373 - 1430" refId="ref6872" refString="Puthz, V. (2012): Uber die Megalopinus - Arten der Orientalis (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Linzer biologische Beitrage 44 (2): 1373 - 1430." type="journal article" year="2012">Puthz, 2012</bibRefCitation>
’ / ‘coll. Puthz’ / yellow label ‘male
<typeStatus id="54A62683FFA9C8152952F8C1FD5DF8FD" box="[631,763,1886,1910]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFA9C8152BB2F8E1FE3BF81D" authorityName="Mainda" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,413,1918,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puthzianus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA9C8152BB2F8E1FE3BF81D" box="[151,413,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Megalopinus puthzianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AF948FFA9C8152A81F8E0FE5EF81D" box="[420,504,1919,1942]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, design. Mainda, 2024’, aedeagus embedded in Euparal on a transparent platelet (SMNS);
<specimenCount id="9D1B53A8FFA9C81528A6FF6DFBA4FE82" box="[899,1026,241,265]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
specimen ‘THAILANDE-Trang, Khao Chong,
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA9C8152888FE8DFC50FEA1" box="[941,1014,274,298]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
, 17.VIII.86, leg. P. Schwendiger’ / ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFA9C815283EFEACFBCBFEC0" authority="Naomi" authorityName="Naomi, S. Nomura" authorityYear="1986" box="[795,1133,307,331]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirashimai">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA9C815283EFEACFBB8FEC0" box="[795,1054,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Megalopinus hirashimai</emphasis>
Naomi
</taxonomicName>
, det.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFA9C8152F84FEACFABCFEC0" author="Puthz, V." box="[1185,1306,307,331]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" pagination="1373 - 1430" refId="ref6872" refString="Puthz, V. (2012): Uber die Megalopinus - Arten der Orientalis (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Linzer biologische Beitrage 44 (2): 1373 - 1430." type="journal article" year="2012">Puthz 2012</bibRefCitation>
’ / yellow label ‘female
<typeStatus id="54A62683FFA9C815288FFECBFB88FEE7" box="[938,1070,340,364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFA9C8152F1DFECBFAE7FEE7" authorityName="Mainda" authorityYear="2024" box="[1080,1345,340,364]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puthzianus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA9C8152F1DFECBFAE7FEE7" box="[1080,1345,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Megalopinus puthzianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AF948FFA9C8152E6FFECAFC94FE06" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, design. Mainda, 2024’ (MHNG);
<specimenCount id="9D1B53A8FFA9C8152F8CFEE9FAADFE06" box="[1193,1291,373,397]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D1B53A8FFA9C8152E64FEEAFCFDFE25" count="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="female">three female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54A62683FFA9C8152845FE09FC6FFE25" box="[864,969,406,430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, ‘
<collectingCountry id="F30AD8B1FFA9C81528F3FE09FB99FE25" box="[982,1087,406,430]" name="Malaysia" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D956C3FFA9C8152F6DFE09FB36FE25" box="[1096,1168,406,430]" country="Malaysia" name="Kedah" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Kedah</collectingRegion>
, Pulau Langkawi NW Datai rainforest,
<date id="FFA3BEE1FFA9C81528ECFE28FBF8FE44" box="[969,1118,439,463]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" value="2002-11-02" valueMax="2002-11-10" valueMin="2002-11-02">2-10 XI 2002</date>
, E. Heiss’ / ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFA9C8152FCEFE28FC79FE7B" authority="Naomi" authorityName="Naomi, S. Nomura" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirashimai">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA9C8152FCEFE28FC20FE7B" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Megalopinus hirashimai</emphasis>
Naomi
</taxonomicName>
, det.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFA9C8152F03FE47FB16FE7B" author="Puthz, V." box="[1062,1200,472,496]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" pagination="1373 - 1430" refId="ref6872" refString="Puthz, V. (2012): Uber die Megalopinus - Arten der Orientalis (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Linzer biologische Beitrage 44 (2): 1373 - 1430." type="journal article" year="2012">Puthz, 2012</bibRefCitation>
’ / ‘coll. Puthz’ / yellow label ‘
<typeStatus id="54A62683FFA9C8152880FE66FB89FD9A" box="[933,1071,505,529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="paratype">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFA9C8152F1DFE67FAE7FD9B" authorityName="Mainda" authorityYear="2024" box="[1080,1345,504,528]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puthzianus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA9C8152F1DFE67FAE7FD9B" box="[1080,1345,504,528]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Megalopinus puthzianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AF948FFA9C8152E6CFE66FC94FDBA" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" rank="species">nov. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, design. Mainda, 2024’, male specimen with aedeagus embedded in Euparal on a transparent platelet (
<specimenCount id="9D1B53A8FFA9C8152E24FDA5FAD1FDD9" box="[1281,1399,570,594]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
in cTM;
<specimenCount id="9D1B53A8FFA9C815284AFDC3FC75FDF8" box="[879,979,603,627]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1B53A8FFA9C81528FBFDC3FBF9FDF8" box="[990,1119,603,627]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
in SMNS).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C307CBAAFFA9C817280CFDE3FD90FEA1" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFA9C815280CFDE3FC7AFD7D" blockId="4.[786,1399,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA9C815280CFDE3FC10FD1F" bold="true" box="[809,950,636,660]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Description:</emphasis>
Measurements of the male
<typeStatus id="54A62683FFA9C8152FC4FDE3FAE5FD1F" box="[1249,1347,636,660]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: BL:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA9C8152837FD02FCD0FD3F" box="[786,886,669,693]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="2.55">2.55 mm</quantity>
, DE:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA9C815289DFD02FBBAFD3F" box="[952,1052,669,693]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="0.55">0.55 mm</quantity>
, FBL:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA9C8152F4EFD02FB69FD3F" box="[1131,1231,669,693]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.58" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="1.58">1.58 mm</quantity>
, EL:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA9C8152E2BFD02FAD4FD3F" box="[1294,1394,669,693]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="0.66">0.66 mm</quantity>
, EW:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA9C8152869FD21FC16FD5E" box="[844,944,702,726]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="0.93">0.93 mm</quantity>
, HW:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA9C81528DEFD21FBF9FD5E" box="[1019,1119,702,726]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.399999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="0.94">0.94 mm</quantity>
, PL:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA9C8152FB8FD21FAA4FD5E" box="[1181,1282,702,726]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.60 mm</quantity>
, PW:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA9C8152E6DFD21FC98FD7D" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
, SL:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA9C8152853FD40FC7FFD7D" box="[886,985,735,759]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" unit="mm" value="0.53">0.53 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFA9C815280CFC9FFC15FC37" blockId="4.[786,1399,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
Habitus as in
<figureCitation id="132684A4FFA9C81528F8FC9FFB8CFC93" box="[989,1066,768,792]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[189,253,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[189,1436,717,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-259@5.[189,1436,717,1932]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Female paratype of Megalopinus puthzianus spec. nov., habitus, Malaysia, Kedah, scale = 1 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
. Chestnut brown to orange yellowish, without microsculpture; head and pronotum chestnut brown; elytra brown with yellowish crossband in anterior third, three rows of punctures and a few punctures in sutural third; abdomen lighter brown; antennae and legs yellowish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFA9C815280CFC5AFC6CFC75" blockId="4.[786,1399,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Head 1.01 times broader than elytra, frons coarsely punctured, shiny.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFA9C815280CFB98FC0DFA8E" blockId="4.[786,1399,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Pronotum 1.25 times as broad as long, broadest in anterior third; with four transverse rows of coarse and deep punctures, between third and fourth row with impunctate Y-shaped area in middle of pronotum; punctures always separate; one large puncture in posteriolateral third on both sides. Each side of pronotum with two more distinct denticles in anterior half and two very small ones in posterior half.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFA9C815280CFA91FB14F987" blockId="4.[786,1399,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Elytra 1.41 times as broad as long; humeral calli prominent. Scutellum with two longitudinal furrows, without punctures; deep, narrow longitudinal impression on both sides of suture. Punctures on left elytron: slr (6), shr (8), dsr (6 + 1 near anterior margin), ssr-c (6); punctures on right elytron: slr (3), shr (8), dsr (6 + 1 near anterior margin), ssr-c (4). Broadest in middle, posterior and lateral margins convexly rounded.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFA9C815280CF98AFBB7F93B" blockId="4.[786,1399,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Abdomen narrower than head, shiny, with distinct paratergites. Basolateral striae of tergite V in anterior third of tergite, not extending to middle; tergite VII with membranous fringe at posterior margin (metathoric wings fully developed).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFA9C815280CF926FBAFF83C" blockId="4.[786,1399,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
Male: Antennomere XI 3.00 times as long and 1.29 times as wide as antennomere X. Sternite VIII shallowly impressed at posterior margin. Tergite VIII without special features. Sternite IX slightly asymmetrical spatula-shaped. Tergite X shiny, widely punctured. Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="132684A4FFA9C81528AEF8C2FC7AF8FD" box="[907,988,1885,1910]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[151,215,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,765,981,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-352@6.[148,773,977,1889]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Megalopinus puthzianus spec. nov., elytral coloration of a female paratype of M. puthzianus spec. nov., ‘Thailande-Trang’ (4A); elytral coloration of a male paratype of M. puthzianus spec. nov., Thailand, Khao Lak Lamru N.P. (4B); aedeagus of M. puthzianus spec. nov. holotype (4C). All without scale." pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
) slender, with strong internal sclerites and two proximal fields of elongate denticles; parameres with eight apical setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFA8C8142BF1FF6EFD2DFE44" blockId="5.[189,802,241,693]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA8C8142BF1FF6EFE03FE82" bold="true" box="[212,421,241,266]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
Variation (
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA8C8142A76FF6DFEC4FE82" bold="true" box="[339,354,242,265]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">n</emphasis>
= 7):
</emphasis>
Measurements in mm: BL:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA8C81429C3FF6EFEB9FEA1" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.75" metricValueMin="2.45" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="2.6" valueMax="2.75" valueMin="2.45">2.45– 2.75 mm</quantity>
, DE:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA8C8142A45FE8DFDA7FEA1" box="[352,513,274,298]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="0.53" valueMax="0.58" valueMin="0.48">0.48–0.58 mm</quantity>
, FBL:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA8C8142975FE8DFD4AFEA1" box="[592,748,274,298]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.615" metricValueMax="1.73" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="1.615" valueMax="1.73" valueMin="1.5">1.50–1.73 mm</quantity>
, EL:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA8C8142B98FEACFEFDFEC0" box="[189,347,307,331]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.499999999999999" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="0.6499999999999999" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.6">0.60–0.70 mm</quantity>
, EW:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA8C8142ABEFEACFD9CFEC0" box="[411,570,307,331]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.15" metricValueMax="9.5" metricValueMin="8.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="0.915" valueMax="0.95" valueMin="0.88">0.88–0.95 mm</quantity>
, HW:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA8C814295BFEACFCBBFEC0" box="[638,797,307,331]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="8.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="0.9099999999999999" valueMax="0.98" valueMin="0.84">0.84–0.98 mm</quantity>
, PL:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA8C8142BC8FECBFE29FEE7" box="[237,399,340,364]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="0.6" valueMax="0.65" valueMin="0.55">0.55–0.65 mm</quantity>
, PW:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA8C8142AF3FECBFDD1FEE7" box="[470,631,340,364]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.35" metricValueMax="7.9" metricValueMin="6.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="0.735" valueMax="0.79" valueMin="0.68">0.68–0.79 mm</quantity>
, SL:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA8C8142992FECBFF4DFE06" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" unit="mm" value="0.505" valueMax="0.53" valueMin="0.48">0.48–0.53 mm</quantity>
. Punctures on left elytron: slr (4–10), shr (6–9), dsr (6+1–9+1), ssr-c (2–6); punctures on right elytron: slr (3–6), shr (6–9), dsr (5+1–9+1), ssr-c (1–4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFA8C8142BF1FE47FE85FDD9" blockId="5.[189,802,241,693]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
Coloration: Cross band in anterior third of elytra more or less distinctly connected, sometimes appearing like separate patches (
<figureCitation id="132684A4FFA8C8142A98FD86FDB3FDB9" box="[445,533,537,562]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[151,215,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,765,981,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-352@6.[148,773,977,1889]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Megalopinus puthzianus spec. nov., elytral coloration of a female paratype of M. puthzianus spec. nov., ‘Thailande-Trang’ (4A); elytral coloration of a male paratype of M. puthzianus spec. nov., Thailand, Khao Lak Lamru N.P. (4B); aedeagus of M. puthzianus spec. nov. holotype (4C). All without scale." pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
) or color more reddish (
<figureCitation id="132684A4FFA8C8142BE0FDA5FEB1FDD9" box="[197,279,570,594]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[151,215,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,765,981,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-352@6.[148,773,977,1889]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Megalopinus puthzianus spec. nov., elytral coloration of a female paratype of M. puthzianus spec. nov., ‘Thailande-Trang’ (4A); elytral coloration of a male paratype of M. puthzianus spec. nov., Thailand, Khao Lak Lamru N.P. (4B); aedeagus of M. puthzianus spec. nov. holotype (4C). All without scale." pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFA8C8142BF1FDC4FE64FD3F" blockId="5.[189,802,241,693]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
Female (specimen from
<collectingCountry id="F30AD8B1FFA8C814291EFDC4FD06FDF8" box="[571,672,603,627]" name="Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D956C3FFA8C81429E9FDC4FCB0FDF8" box="[716,790,603,627]" country="Malaysia" name="Kedah" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Kedah</collectingRegion>
): Antennomere XI 3.80 times as long and 1.33 times as wide as antennomere X.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFA8C817286AFF6EFD90FEA1" blockId="5.[824,1438,241,693]" lastBlockId="6.[151,764,241,496]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA8C814286AFF6EFBE9FE81" bold="true" box="[847,1103,241,266]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Comparative notes:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFA8C8142F57FF6EFA3BFE82" authorityName="Mainda" authorityYear="2024" box="[1138,1437,241,265]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puthzianus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA8C8142F57FF6EFA3BFE82" box="[1138,1437,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Megalopinus puthzianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AF948FFA8C814281DFE8CFC0DFEA1" box="[824,939,275,298]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is related to some smaller species of the
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFA8C814281DFEACFC66FEC0" baseAuthorityName="Waterhouse" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[824,960,307,331]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutangulus">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA8C814281DFEACFC66FEC0" box="[824,960,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">acutangulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (see
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFA8C8142F7EFEACFB44FEC0" author="Puthz, V." box="[1115,1250,307,331]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" pagination="1373 - 1430" refId="ref6872" refString="Puthz, V. (2012): Uber die Megalopinus - Arten der Orientalis (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Linzer biologische Beitrage 44 (2): 1373 - 1430." type="journal article" year="2012">Puthz 2012</bibRefCitation>
for the group definition) with a punctate sutural third of elytra, relatively broad head and relatively short lateral striae on tergite V. The species is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFA8C8142EA5FE08FC0BFE44" authorityName="Puthz" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nepalensis">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA8C8142EA5FE08FA30FE25" box="[1408,1430,407,430]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA8C814281DFE28FC0BFE44" box="[824,941,439,463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">nepalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFA8C81428C6FE27FBD8FE44" authorityName="Naomi, S. Nomura" authorityYear="1986" box="[995,1150,439,463]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirashimai">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA8C81428C6FE27FC5FFE44" box="[995,1017,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA8C8142F22FE28FBD8FE44" box="[1031,1150,439,463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">hirashimai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the coloration, at least one puncture in sutural third of elytra (ssr-c), shorter lateral striae of tergite V and by the internal structure of the aedeagus. It is separated from
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFA8C8142FF8FD85FADEFDBA" authorityName="Puthz" authorityYear="2021" box="[1245,1400,537,561]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brancuccii">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA8C8142FF8FD85FB55FDBA" box="[1245,1267,538,561]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA8C8142E27FD86FADEFDBA" box="[1282,1400,537,561]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">brancuccii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by at least one puncture in sutural third of elytra (ssr-c), by the shape of the median lobe and the internal structure of the aedeagus.
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFA8C8142F23FDE3FABAFD1F" authorityName="Mainda" authorityYear="2024" box="[1030,1308,636,660]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puthzianus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA8C8142F23FDE3FABAFD1F" box="[1030,1308,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Megalopinus puthzianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AF948FFA8C8142E0FFDE2FA38FD1F" box="[1322,1438,637,660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFA8C8142F17FD01FB47FD3E" baseAuthorityName="L. Benick" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[1074,1249,669,693]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="creberrimus">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA8C8142F17FD01FBEEFD3E" box="[1074,1096,670,693]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA8C8142F7CFD02FB47FD3E" box="[1113,1249,669,693]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">creberrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by smaller size, different coloration, and lack of a series of punctures along the suture and by the aedeagus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF62C8A9FFA8C8142B98F83EFB2FF83C" box="[189,1161,1953,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" startId="5.[189,253,1953,1975]" targetBox="[189,1436,717,1926]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFA8C8142B98F83EFB2FF83C" blockId="5.[189,1161,1953,1975]" box="[189,1161,1953,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA8C8142B98F83EFEB2F83D" bold="true" box="[189,276,1953,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Female paratype of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFA8C8142AEBF83EFD0AF83D" authorityName="Mainda" authorityYear="2024" box="[462,684,1953,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puthzianus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA8C8142AEBF83EFD0AF83D" box="[462,684,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Megalopinus puthzianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AF948FFA8C8142997F83DFCA9F83C" box="[690,783,1954,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, habitus, Malaysia, Kedah, scale = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C307CBAAFFABC8172B8BFEACFD40FE7B" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFABC8172B8BFEACFD40FE7B" blockId="6.[151,764,241,496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC8172B8BFEACFE92FEC0" bold="true" box="[174,308,307,331]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Etymology:</emphasis>
With the choice of the species epithet
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC8172BB2FECBFEB3FEE7" authorityName="Mainda" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,277,340,364]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="puthzianus">
‘
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC8172BBAFECBFEB3FEE7" box="[159,277,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">puthzianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ (derived from the German surname Puthz, noun), I cordially dedicate this new species to Dr. Volker Puthz (Schlitz,
<collectingCountry id="F30AD8B1FFABC8172A64FE09FE0FFE25" box="[321,425,406,430]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Germany</collectingCountry>
), the world’s leading specialist for
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC8172BE7FE28FEFAFE44" box="[194,348,439,463]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Euaesthetinae">Euaesthetinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC8172A4EFE28FDB8FE44" authorityName="Leng" authorityYear="1920" box="[363,542,439,463]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Megalopsidiinae">Megalopsidiinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC8172978FE28FD18FE44" box="[605,702,439,463]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Steninae">Steninae</taxonomicName>
, who kindly supports me in my taxonomic work since years.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFAAC816286AFB75FAC0FA8E" ID-CoL="3YV6W" authority="(L. Benick, 1941)" baseAuthorityName="L. Benick" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[847,1382,1258,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="creberrimus">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFAAC816286AFB75FAC0FA8E" bold="true" box="[847,1382,1258,1285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFAAC816286AFB75FB2CFA8E" bold="true" box="[847,1162,1258,1285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Megalopinus creberrimus</emphasis>
(L. Benick, 1941)
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(
<figureCitation id="132684A4FFAAC8162873FA91FC6DFAAD" box="[854,971,1293,1318]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[189,256,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,802,1347,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-435@7.[186,802,1347,1829]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Habitus of Megalopinus creberrimus, scale = 1 mm (5A); elytral coloration and puncture rows of M. creberrimus, without scale (5B). epipleural row (epr); sublateral row (slr); subhumeral row (shr); dorsal row (dsr); subsutural-complex (ssr-c); sutural row (str)." pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Figs 5A, B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BA29821FFAAC816281DFAD0FC63FA41" blockId="7.[824,1437,1359,1975]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFAAC816281DFAD0FB9EFAEC" bold="true" box="[824,1080,1359,1383]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Specimens examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B75927CFFAAC8162F63FAD0FC67FA41" collectingDate="2022-09" country="Philippines" determinerName="Mainda" location="Dominorog" municipality="Mindanao" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bukidnon">
male, ‘
<collectingCountry id="F30AD8B1FFAAC8162FB1FAD0FAB0FAEC" box="[1172,1302,1359,1383]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Philippines</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC6025BFFAAC8162E02FAD0FA3EFAEC" box="[1319,1432,1359,1383]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Mindanao</collectingMunicipality>
,
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,
<collectingRegion id="49D956C3FFAAC81628E7FAEFFB96FA03" box="[962,1072,1392,1416]" country="Philippines" name="Bukidnon" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Bukidnon</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FFA3BEE1FFAAC8162F19FAEFFB14FA03" box="[1084,1202,1392,1416]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" value="2022-09">
<collectingDate id="EFE74709FFAAC8162F19FAEFFB14FA03" box="[1084,1202,1392,1416]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" value="2022-09">Sept. 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg. local collector’ / ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFAAC8162819FA0EFAB2FA22" authority="(L. Benick, 1941)" baseAuthorityName="L. Benick" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[828,1300,1425,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="creberrimus">Megalopinus creberrimus (L. Benick, 1941)</taxonomicName>
, det.
<determinerName id="7E7E74E5FFAAC8162E6CFA0EFA3AFA22" box="[1353,1436,1425,1449]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Mainda</determinerName>
2024’ (cTM)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFAAC816286AFA4CFC36F83C" blockId="7.[824,1437,1359,1975]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFAAC816286AFA4CFC28FA60" bold="true" box="[847,910,1491,1515]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Note:</emphasis>
The examination of a specimen from Dominorog,
<collectingRegion id="49D956C3FFAAC81628E9FA6BFB9CF987" box="[972,1082,1524,1548]" country="Philippines" name="Bukidnon" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Bukidnon</collectingRegion>
in Mindanao Island provides a new distribution record for the species which until now was only known from the islands of
<collectingRegion id="49D956C3FFAAC8162E2AF9A9FACAF9C5" box="[1295,1388,1590,1614]" country="Philippines" name="Palawan" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Palawan</collectingRegion>
and Borneo (
<collectingRegion id="49D956C3FFAAC81628B2F9C9FC78F9E5" box="[919,990,1622,1646]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Sabah</collectingRegion>
). The intraspecific color variation of this species was already noted by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFAAC8162FB7F9E8FA80F904" author="Puthz, V." box="[1170,1318,1655,1679]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="1373 - 1430" refId="ref6872" refString="Puthz, V. (2012): Uber die Megalopinus - Arten der Orientalis (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Linzer biologische Beitrage 44 (2): 1373 - 1430." type="journal article" year="2012">Puthz (2012)</bibRefCitation>
. However, other diagnostic characters such as the punctation of the elytra, the lateral striae on tergite V and especially the internal structure of the aedeagus (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFAAC8162FC3F945FACEF979" author="Puthz, V." box="[1254,1384,1754,1778]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="1373 - 1430" refId="ref6872" refString="Puthz, V. (2012): Uber die Megalopinus - Arten der Orientalis (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Linzer biologische Beitrage 44 (2): 1373 - 1430." type="journal article" year="2012">Puthz 2012</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 85) are more helpful in identifying the specimen as belonging to
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFAAC81628EEF883FBDEF8BF" baseAuthorityName="L. Benick" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[971,1144,1820,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="creberrimus">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFAAC81628EEF883FC47F8B8" box="[971,993,1820,1843]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9694433FFAAC81628CAF883FBDEF8BF" box="[1007,1144,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">creberrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The study of this species makes it necessary to designate a further elytral puncture-row (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFAAC8162F2CF8C2FB05F8FD" author="Mainda, T." box="[1033,1187,1885,1910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="45 - 54" refId="ref6720" refString="Mainda, T. (2022): Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Megalopinus Eichelbaum, 1915 in the Oriental region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). - Journal of Tropical Coleopterology 3 (1): 45 - 54. doi. org / 10.53716 / jtc. 3.1.7.2022" type="journal article" year="2022">Mainda 2022</bibRefCitation>
): epipleural row (epr) for a row directly lateral to the sublateral row (slr),
<figureCitation id="132684A4FFAAC816281DF800FC2AF83C" box="[824,908,1951,1975]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[189,256,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,802,1347,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-435@7.[186,802,1347,1829]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Habitus of Megalopinus creberrimus, scale = 1 mm (5A); elytral coloration and puncture rows of M. creberrimus, without scale (5B). epipleural row (epr); sublateral row (slr); subhumeral row (shr); dorsal row (dsr); subsutural-complex (ssr-c); sutural row (str)." pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF62C8A9FFAAC8162B98F8DAFE07F83E" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" startId="7.[189,256,1861,1883]" targetBox="[189,802,1347,1829]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFAAC8162B98F8DAFE07F83E" blockId="7.[189,802,1861,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFAAC8162B98F8DAFEBDF8D0" bold="true" box="[189,283,1861,1883]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Habitus of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFAAC8162AB6F8DAFD2AF8D1" baseAuthorityName="L. Benick" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[403,652,1861,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="creberrimus">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFAAC8162AB6F8DAFD2AF8D1" box="[403,652,1861,1882]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">Megalopinus creberrimus</emphasis>
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, scale = 1 mm
<emphasis id="B9694433FFAAC8162B98F8C3FF41F8F9" bold="true" box="[189,231,1884,1906]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">(5A)</emphasis>
; elytral coloration and puncture rows of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFAAC81629A0F8C2FCBAF8FA" baseAuthorityName="L. Benick" baseAuthorityYear="1941" box="[645,796,1884,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="creberrimus">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFAAC81629A0F8C2FD31F8F9" box="[645,663,1885,1906]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9694433FFAAC8162982F8C3FCBAF8FA" box="[679,796,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">creberrimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, without scale
<emphasis id="B9694433FFAAC8162A6EF8EDFED3F803" bold="true" box="[331,373,1906,1928]" pageId="7" pageNumber="44">(5B)</emphasis>
. epipleural row (epr); sublateral row (slr); subhumeral row (shr); dorsal row (dsr); subsutural-complex (ssr-c); sutural row (str).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFA5C8192B8BFF6EFED0FDD9" blockId="8.[151,764,241,594]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFA5C8192B8BFF6EFE9AFE82" bold="true" box="[174,316,241,265]" pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Description:</emphasis>
Habitus as in
<figureCitation id="132684A4FFA5C8192AF5FF6EFD87FE82" box="[464,545,241,265]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[189,256,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,802,1347,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-435@7.[186,802,1347,1829]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Habitus of Megalopinus creberrimus, scale = 1 mm (5A); elytral coloration and puncture rows of M. creberrimus, without scale (5B). epipleural row (epr); sublateral row (slr); subhumeral row (shr); dorsal row (dsr); subsutural-complex (ssr-c); sutural row (str)." pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
. Measurements: BL:
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, DE:
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, FBL: 2.00 mm, EL:
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, EW:
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, HW:
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, PL:
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, PW:
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFA5C81929EBFEACFF62FEE7" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="0.85">0.85 mm</quantity>
, SL:
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. Head and pronotum blackish; elytra with reddish falciform patch in middle of dorsal row on each elytron (
<figureCitation id="132684A4FFA5C8192A0CFE09FEDCFE25" box="[297,378,406,430]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[189,256,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,802,1347,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-435@7.[186,802,1347,1829]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Habitus of Megalopinus creberrimus, scale = 1 mm (5A); elytral coloration and puncture rows of M. creberrimus, without scale (5B). epipleural row (epr); sublateral row (slr); subhumeral row (shr); dorsal row (dsr); subsutural-complex (ssr-c); sutural row (str)." pageId="8" pageNumber="45">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
); abdomen dark brown, paratergites slightly lightened, basal striae of tergite V extending at most to middle; antennae and legs yellow. Punctures of left elytron: epr (3), slr (6), shr (5), dsr (7), ssr-c (10), str (9); punctures of right elytron: epr (3), slr (7), shr (7), dsr (6), ssr-c (14), str (9).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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235
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<mods:title id="EB7645A321C927CEC9B32BD4E1B25F3E">On Oriental species of the genus Megalopinus Eichelbaum, 1915: one new species and taxonomical and biogeographical notes (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Megalopsidiinae)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C307CBAAFFABC8172B8BFDA7FD8BFDD9" box="[174,557,568,595]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFABC8172B8BFDA7FD8BFDD9" blockId="6.[174,762,568,693]" box="[174,557,568,595]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="D0EA2F4DFFABC8172B8BFDA7FD8BFDD9" box="[174,557,568,595]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC8172B8BFDA7FD8BFDD9" ID-CoL="3YVFW" authority="Puthz, 2012" authorityName="Puthz" authorityYear="2012" box="[174,557,568,595]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tangi">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC8172B8BFDA7FD8BFDD9" bold="true" box="[174,557,568,595]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC8172B8BFDA7FE35FDD9" bold="true" box="[174,403,568,595]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Megalopinus tangi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFABC8172ABFFDA6FD8BFDD9" author="Puthz, V." box="[410,557,568,595]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="1373 - 1430" refId="ref6872" refString="Puthz, V. (2012): Uber die Megalopinus - Arten der Orientalis (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Linzer biologische Beitrage 44 (2): 1373 - 1430." type="journal article" year="2012">Puthz, 2012</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA29821FFABC8172B8BFDC4FD2CFDF8" blockId="6.[174,762,568,693]" box="[174,650,603,628]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC8172B8BFDC4FD85FDF8" ID-CoL="9GKCP" authority="Mainda, 2022" authorityName="Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[174,547,603,627]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapsus" status="syn. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC8172B8BFDC4FE21FDF8" box="[174,391,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Megalopinus lapsus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFABC8172AA8FDC4FD85FDF8" author="Mainda, T." box="[397,547,603,627]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="45 - 54" refId="ref6720" refString="Mainda, T. (2022): Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Megalopinus Eichelbaum, 1915 in the Oriental region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). - Journal of Tropical Coleopterology 3 (1): 45 - 54. doi. org / 10.53716 / jtc. 3.1.7.2022" type="journal article" year="2022">Mainda, 2022</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AF948FFABC817290FFDC3FD2CFDF8" box="[554,650,604,628]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFABC8172B8BFDE2FE70FD3E" blockId="6.[174,762,568,693]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
[= replacement name for
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC8172A99FDE2FD69FD1F" ID-CoL="3YVBH" authority="Puthz, 2021" authorityName="Puthz" authorityYear="2021" box="[444,719,636,660]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
M. modestus
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFABC817296BFDE3FD69FD1F" author="Puthz, V." box="[590,719,636,660]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="9 - 12" refId="ref6940" refString="Puthz, V. (2021): Zwei neue Megalopinus - Arten aus Laos (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins 44 (1 / 2): 9 - 12." type="journal article" year="2021">Puthz, 2021</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
nec
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC8172B8BFD01FE69FD3E" ID-CoL="3YVBH" authority="(Sharp, 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[174,463,669,693]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modestus">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC8172B8BFD01FE90FD3E" box="[174,310,669,693]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">M. modestus</emphasis>
(Sharp, 1886)
</taxonomicName>
]
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC8172BB2FD41FE36FD7D" bold="true" box="[151,400,734,758]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Specimens examined:</emphasis>
male
<typeStatus id="54A62683FFABC8172AF7FD40FD97FD7C" box="[466,561,735,759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC8172970FD40FD17FD7D" authorityName="Puthz" authorityYear="2012" box="[597,689,735,758]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tangi">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC8172970FD40FDCCFD7D" box="[597,618,735,758]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC817295CFD40FD17FD7D" box="[633,689,735,758]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">tangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, photo provided by Dr. Liang Tang; male
<typeStatus id="54A62683FFABC8172931FC9FFDD5FC93" box="[532,627,768,792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC81729BCFC9FFD53FC9C" authorityName="Puthz" authorityYear="2012" box="[665,757,768,791]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tangi">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC81729BCFC9FFD08FC9C" box="[665,686,768,791]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC8172998FC9FFD53FC9C" box="[701,757,768,791]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">tangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, photo provided by SMNS; male
<typeStatus id="54A62683FFABC8172927FCBFFDC7FCB3" box="[514,609,800,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC81729ACFCBEFD52FCB3" authorityName="Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[649,756,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapsus">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC81729ACFCBEFD38FCB3" box="[649,670,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC817298AFCBFFD52FCB3" box="[687,756,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">lapsus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<specimenCount id="9D1B53A8FFABC8172BB2FCDDFEACFCD2" box="[151,266,833,857]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D1B53A8FFABC8172A32FCDDFE34FCD2" box="[279,402,833,857]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
, ‘LAO,
<collectingRegion id="49D956C3FFABC8172ACEFCDEFD3DFCD2" box="[491,667,833,857]" country="Laos" name="Phongsali" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Phongsaly prov.</collectingRegion>
,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE29FEE6FFABC8172BB2FCFDFF49FCF1" box="[151,239,866,890]" degrees="102" direction="east" minutes="6" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="102.1">102°6’E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D956C3FFABC8172A24FCFDFE39FCF1" box="[257,415,866,890]" country="Laos" name="Phongsali" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">PHONGSALY</collectingRegion>
env.,
<date id="FFA3BEE1FFABC8172ACFFCFDFDCDFCF1" box="[490,619,866,890]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" value="2004-05-06" valueMax="2004-05-17" valueMin="2004-05-06">6.-17.v.2004</date>
,
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFABC8172958FCFDFD6FFCF1" box="[637,713,866,890]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
, Vít Kubáň leg.’ / ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC8172A08FC1CFDE6FC10" authority="Puthz" authorityName="Puthz" authorityYear="2012" box="[301,576,899,923]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tangi">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC8172A08FC1CFE5EFC10" box="[301,504,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Megalopinus tangi</emphasis>
Puthz
</taxonomicName>
, det.
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’, male specimens with aedeagus embedded in Euparal on a transparent platelet; female, ‘LAO,
<collectingRegion id="49D956C3FFABC8172F9AFF6EFAD5FE82" box="[1215,1395,241,265]" country="Laos" name="Phongsali" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Phongsaly prov.</collectingRegion>
, 21°41-2’N 102°06-8’E,
<date id="FFA3BEE1FFABC8172F3EFE8DFB60FEA1" box="[1051,1222,274,298]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" value="2003-05-28" valueMax="2003-06-20" valueMin="2003-05-28">28.v.-20.vi.2003</date>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D956C3FFABC8172FFCFE8DFAD1FEA1" box="[1241,1399,274,298]" country="Laos" name="Phongsali" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">PHONGSALY</collectingRegion>
env.,
<quantity id="4CE535C4FFABC817286FFEACFC31FEC0" box="[842,919,307,331]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</quantity>
, Vít Kubáň leg.’ / ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC8172F45FEACFAD5FEC0" authority="Puthz" authorityName="Puthz" authorityYear="2012" box="[1120,1395,307,331]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tangi">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC8172F45FEACFA8CFEC0" box="[1120,1322,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Megalopinus tangi</emphasis>
Puthz
</taxonomicName>
, det.
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’ (MHNB).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFABC817280CFEEAFBAFFC93" blockId="6.[786,1399,241,956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC817280CFEEAFCC0FE06" bold="true" box="[809,870,373,397]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Note:</emphasis>
The comparison of the elytra pattern and structures of tergites X of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC8172F74FE09FCE3FE44" authority="Puthz, 2012" authorityName="Puthz" authorityYear="2012" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tangi">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC8172F74FE09FA85FE25" box="[1105,1315,406,430]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Megalopinus tangi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFABC8172E14FE09FCE3FE44" author="Puthz, V." pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="1373 - 1430" refId="ref6872" refString="Puthz, V. (2012): Uber die Megalopinus - Arten der Orientalis (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Linzer biologische Beitrage 44 (2): 1373 - 1430." type="journal article" year="2012">Puthz, 2012</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
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: Fig. 50) and
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC8172FB0FE28FC0AFE7B" authority="Mainda, 2022" authorityName="Mainda" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapsus">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC8172FB0FE28FAD1FE44" box="[1173,1399,439,463]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Megalopinus lapsus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFABC8172837FE47FC0AFE7B" author="Mainda, T." box="[786,940,472,496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="45 - 54" refId="ref6720" refString="Mainda, T. (2022): Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Megalopinus Eichelbaum, 1915 in the Oriental region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). - Journal of Tropical Coleopterology 3 (1): 45 - 54. doi. org / 10.53716 / jtc. 3.1.7.2022" type="journal article" year="2022">Mainda, 2022</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFABC817289AFE47FBFEFE7B" author="Mainda, T." box="[959,1112,472,496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="45 - 54" refId="ref6720" refString="Mainda, T. (2022): Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Megalopinus Eichelbaum, 1915 in the Oriental region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). - Journal of Tropical Coleopterology 3 (1): 45 - 54. doi. org / 10.53716 / jtc. 3.1.7.2022" type="journal article" year="2022">Mainda 2022</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="132684A4FFABC8172F43FE47FB1FFE7B" box="[1126,1209,472,496]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[189,253,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[189,1436,717,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-259@5.[189,1436,717,1932]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Female paratype of Megalopinus puthzianus spec. nov., habitus, Malaysia, Kedah, scale = 1 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) does not reveal any differences that go beyond intraspecific variability. The same applies to the aedeagi of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC8172FA8FD85FB41FDBA" authorityName="Puthz" authorityYear="2012" box="[1165,1255,538,561]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tangi">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC8172FA8FD85FB04FDBA" box="[1165,1186,538,561]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC8172F8AFD85FB41FDBA" box="[1199,1255,538,561]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">tangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFABC8172FD0FD86FAD2FDB9" author="Puthz, V." box="[1269,1396,537,562]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="1373 - 1430" refId="ref6872" refString="Puthz, V. (2012): Uber die Megalopinus - Arten der Orientalis (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Linzer biologische Beitrage 44 (2): 1373 - 1430." type="journal article" year="2012">Puthz 2012</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 84) and
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC81728BBFDA4FBAEFDD9" authorityName="Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[926,1032,570,594]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapsus">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC81728BBFDA4FC15FDD9" box="[926,947,571,594]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">M</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC81728E7FDA5FBAEFDD9" box="[962,1032,570,594]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">lapsus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFABC8172F32FDA5FB30FDD9" author="Puthz, V." box="[1047,1174,570,594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="9 - 12" refId="ref6940" refString="Puthz, V. (2021): Zwei neue Megalopinus - Arten aus Laos (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins 44 (1 / 2): 9 - 12." type="journal article" year="2021">Puthz 2021</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="132684A4FFABC8172F87FDA5FB44FDD9" box="[1186,1250,570,594]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[151,215,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,765,981,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-352@6.[148,773,977,1889]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Megalopinus puthzianus spec. nov., elytral coloration of a female paratype of M. puthzianus spec. nov., ‘Thailande-Trang’ (4A); elytral coloration of a male paratype of M. puthzianus spec. nov., Thailand, Khao Lak Lamru N.P. (4B); aedeagus of M. puthzianus spec. nov. holotype (4C). All without scale." pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). The alleged differences in the shape of the internal sclerites cited by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFABC817281DFDE3FC63FD1F" author="Puthz, V." box="[824,965,636,660]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="9 - 12" refId="ref6940" refString="Puthz, V. (2021): Zwei neue Megalopinus - Arten aus Laos (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins 44 (1 / 2): 9 - 12." type="journal article" year="2021">Puthz (2021)</bibRefCitation>
result from three-dimensional objects looking slightly different depending on their position in the dissection. The aedeagus figure by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFABC8172FCEFD21FAD0FD5D" author="Puthz, V." box="[1259,1398,702,726]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="9 - 12" refId="ref6940" refString="Puthz, V. (2021): Zwei neue Megalopinus - Arten aus Laos (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins 44 (1 / 2): 9 - 12." type="journal article" year="2021">Puthz (2021)</bibRefCitation>
shows the shape of the sclerites much better than the figure by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFABC817285FFC9FFBA2FC93" author="Puthz, V." box="[890,1028,768,792]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="1373 - 1430" refId="ref6872" refString="Puthz, V. (2012): Uber die Megalopinus - Arten der Orientalis (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Linzer biologische Beitrage 44 (2): 1373 - 1430." type="journal article" year="2012">Puthz (2012)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA29821FFABC817280CFCBFFAD1FC37" blockId="6.[786,1399,241,956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC817280CFCBFFBA1FCB3" authorityName="Puthz" authorityYear="2012" box="[809,1031,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tangi">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC817280CFCBFFBA1FCB3" box="[809,1031,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Megalopinus tangi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<materialsCitation id="3B75927CFFABC8172F05FCBEFC26FCD2" country="China" location="Guangxi" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangxi">
was described from
<collectingCountry id="F30AD8B1FFABC8172E10FCBFFAD0FCB3" box="[1333,1398,800,824]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D956C3FFABC817283CFCDEFCDFFCD2" box="[793,889,833,857]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B75927CFFABC81728B5FCDEFB75FCD2" box="[912,1235,833,857]" country="Thailand" location="Chiang Mai" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">
and
<collectingCountry id="F30AD8B1FFABC81728E2FCDEFB8EFCD2" box="[967,1064,833,857]" name="Thailand" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D956C3FFABC8172F1BFCDEFB6DFCD2" box="[1086,1227,833,857]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Chiang Mai</collectingRegion>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B75927CFFABC8172FC3FCDEFC70FC10" country="Laos" location="Phongsaly Prov." pageId="6" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Phongsali">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8CE5D0FFABC8172FC3FCDEFAD0FCD2" author="Puthz, V." box="[1254,1398,833,857]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="845 - 849" refId="ref6906" refString="Puthz, V. (2013): Weitere Megalopinus - Arten aus der Orientalis (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Linzer biologische Beitrage 45 (1): 845 - 849." type="journal article" year="2013">Puthz (2013)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<typeStatus id="54A62683FFABC81728ADFCFDFBC6FCF1" box="[904,1120,866,890]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">further specimens</typeStatus>
from northern
<collectingCountry id="F30AD8B1FFABC8172E67FCFCFAD1FCF1" box="[1346,1399,867,890]" name="Laos" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Laos</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D956C3FFABC817283CFC1CFC69FC10" box="[793,975,899,923]" country="Laos" name="Phongsali" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Phongsaly Prov.</collectingRegion>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B75927CFFABC81728C7FC1CFAD2FC37" collectorName="The" country="Laos" location="Houaphanh Prov." pageId="6" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Houaphan" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectorName id="26E8FDF7FFABC81728C7FC1CFBAAFC10" box="[994,1036,899,923]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">The</collectorName>
<typeStatus id="54A62683FFABC8172F33FC1CFBD3FC10" box="[1046,1141,899,923]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1DE3A2FFABC8172FBBFC1BFAACFC10" authorityName="Mainda" authorityYear="2022" box="[1182,1290,899,923]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Megalopinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lapsus" status="syn. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9694433FFABC8172FBBFC1BFAACFC10" box="[1182,1290,899,923]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">M. lapsus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25AF948FFABC8172E31FC1BFAD1FC10" box="[1300,1399,900,924]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was also collected in northern
<collectingCountry id="F30AD8B1FFABC8172F43FC3BFB3DFC30" box="[1126,1179,932,955]" name="Laos" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Laos</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D956C3FFABC8172F8FFC3BFACAFC37" box="[1194,1388,932,956]" country="Laos" name="Houaphan" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Houaphanh Prov.</collectingRegion>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

194
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<mods:title id="6351C4B9CE36D003A891A84A94D1429B">Enchytraeus demutatus sp. nov. (Enchytraeidae, Oligochaeta) has characters hitherto unrecorded in the genus</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B9691344FFCFFFFEFF476E0C01AAFBE9" bold="true" box="[212,652,1094,1122]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName id="4C1DB4D5FFCFFFFEFF476E0C0130FBE9" ID-CoL="869VR" authorityName="Schmelz &amp; Klinth &amp; Chalkia &amp; Anastasiadou &amp; Vavoulidou" authorityYear="2019" box="[212,534,1094,1122]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Enchytraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="demutatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9691344FFCFFFFEFF476E0C0130FBE9" bold="true" box="[212,534,1094,1122]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Enchytraeus demutatus</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BA2CF56FFCFFFFEFF476E230242FB0A" blockId="3.[212,652,1094,1153]" box="[212,356,1129,1153]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
(
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,
<figureCitation id="1326D3D3FFCFFFFEFEDD6E23027DFB0A" box="[334,347,1129,1153]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[189,253,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[189,1436,459,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-118@5.[189,1436,459,1861]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Enchytraeus demutatus sp. nov. (A) Pharyngeal glands and further details in III–VI, dorsal view. (B) Clitellum, ventrolateral view, specimen flattened. (C) Spermatheca. The dots in the ectal duct wall and the ectal gland are cell nuclei. (D) Coelomocytes. (E) Anterior clitellum, midventral part with bursal slits. Photographs A, E from paratype specimens, stained whole mounts, B–D from living specimens, not preserved; in all, anterior body end to the top. Scale bars 100 µm in A, B, E, 50 µm in C, D." pageId="3" pageNumber="90">2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3079CDDFFCFFFFEFF476EE10158F8BF" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA2CF56FFCFFFFEFF476EE102CAFA03" blockId="3.[189,802,1195,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B9691344FFCFFFFEFF476EE10258FB48" bold="true" box="[212,382,1195,1219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B75C50BFFCFFFFEFE156EE102CAFA03" collectingDate="2018-08-13" collectionCode="R" collectorName="M. Schmelz &amp; University &amp; A Coruna." country="Greece" county="Organically" latitude="38.1" location="Regional" longLatPrecision="1177" longitude="22.2" municipality="Ilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" specimenCode="ZMB 12202" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54A671F4FFCFFFFEFE156EE102CBFB48" box="[390,493,1195,1219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCode id="DBBB672DFFCFFFFEFE6A6EE601A4FB48" box="[505,642,1195,1219]" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="Museum">ZMB 12202</specimenCode>
, anterior body end, stained whole mount.
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division of
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC6552CFFCFFFFEFD656E86003BFB6F" box="[758,797,1228,1252]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Ilia</collectingMunicipality>
,
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62C3B7DAFFCFFFFEFD326EA70007FA8E" box="[673,801,1261,1285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Organically</collectingCounty>
enriched soil from tomato greenhouse plantation, soil sample taken by Chr. Chalkia. Specimen isolated from soil sample and fixed
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<collectingDate id="EFE7107EFFCFFFFEFE236F1A011DFAE3" box="[432,571,1360,1384]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" value="2018-08-13">13 Aug 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
by
<collectionCode id="ED0C5793FFCFFFFEFDFB6F1A015BFAEC" box="[616,637,1360,1383]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="26E8AA80FFCFFFFEFD136F1A0023FAEC" box="[640,773,1359,1383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">M. Schmelz</collectorName>
at the
<collectorName id="26E8AA80FFCFFFFEFF766F3A0270FA03" box="[229,342,1392,1416]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">University</collectorName>
of
<collectorName id="26E8AA80FFCFFFFEFEEA6F3A02CAFA03" box="[377,492,1392,1416]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">A Coruña.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2CF56FFCFFFFEFF476FD802A9F9E5" blockId="3.[189,802,1195,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<materialsCitation id="3B75C50BFFCFFFFEFF476FD80038FA22" box="[212,798,1425,1450]" collectingDate="2018-08-13" collectionCode="ZMB" collectorName="M. Schmelz &amp; University &amp; A Coruna." country="Greece" county="Organically" latitude="38.1" location="Regional" longLatPrecision="1177" longitude="22.2" municipality="Ilia" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" specimenCode="ZMB 12203" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54A671F4FFCFFFFEFF476FD80264FA21" box="[212,322,1426,1450]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
<specimenCode id="DBBB672DFFCFFFFEFECA6FD802CAFA22" box="[345,492,1425,1449]" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="Museum">ZMB 12203</specimenCode>
, same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B75C50BFFCFFFFEFF2E6FF902AAF9E5" collectingDate="2018-12" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Greece" county="Agricultural University of Athens" location="Agricultural Zoology" municipality="Entomology" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" specimenCode="ZMB 12204-12211" specimenCount="4" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBBB672DFFCFFFFEFF2E6FF902B6FA41" box="[189,400,1458,1482]" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="Museum">ZMB 12204-12211</specimenCode>
, stained whole mounts. Specimens reared in Agar Agar substrate, isolated and fixed
<date id="FFA3E996FFCFFFFEFD656F9903D5F987" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" value="2018-12">
<collectingDate id="EFE7107EFFCFFFFEFD656F9903D5F987" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" value="2018-12">Dec 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<specimenCount id="9D1B04DFFFCFFFFEFE936FBE0131F987" box="[256,535,1524,1548]" count="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">Four paratype specimens</specimenCount>
in the collection of the laboratory of
<location id="8EC2998DFFCFFFFEFEC46C5F0164F9A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B47E40FFCFFFFEFF476E0C015FF833:8EC2998DFFCFFFFEFEC46C5F0164F9A6" box="[343,578,1557,1581]" country="Greece" county="Agricultural University of Athens" municipality="Entomology" name="Agricultural Zoology" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Agricultural Zoology</location>
and
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC6552CFFCFFFFEFDEE6C5F0027F9A6" box="[637,769,1557,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Entomology</collectingMunicipality>
of the
<collectingCounty id="62C3B7DAFFCFFFFEFF766C7C0174F9C5" box="[229,594,1590,1614]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Agricultural University of Athens</collectingCounty>
in
<collectingCountry id="F30A8FC6FFCFFFFEFDE66C7C01E3F9C5" box="[629,709,1590,1614]" name="Greece" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Greece</collectingCountry>
, without accession numbers
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2CF56FFCFFFFEFF476C3D0113F95A" blockId="3.[189,802,1195,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B9691344FFCFFFFEFF476C3D0284F904" bold="true" box="[212,418,1655,1679]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Further material.</emphasis>
C.
<specimenCount id="9D1B04DFFFCFFFFEFE5C6C3D014FF904" box="[463,617,1655,1679]" count="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
, adult, subadult, and juvenile, from cultures in soil or Agar Agar, investigated
<emphasis id="B9691344FFCFFFFEFED56CF002ABF95A" box="[326,397,1722,1745]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">in vivo</emphasis>
, not preserved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA2CF56FFCFFFFEFF476C900158F8BF" blockId="3.[189,802,1195,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B9691344FFCFFFFEFF476C9002ACF979" bold="true" box="[212,394,1754,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">DNA sequences.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B75C50BFFCFFFFEFE1C6C900158F8BF" collectionCode="ZMB" collectorName="Posterior &amp; C. Erseus Collection" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" specimenCode="ZMB 12202" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54A671F4FFCFFFFEFE1C6C9002D1F979" box="[399,503,1754,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: Anterior part:
<specimenCode id="DBBB672DFFCFFFFEFD0B6C900038F979" box="[664,798,1754,1778]" collectionCode="ZMB" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="Museum">ZMB 12202</specimenCode>
.
<collectorName id="26E8AA80FFCFFFFEFF2E6CB10238F898" box="[189,286,1787,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Posterior</collectorName>
part, processed for DNA extraction: CE35377 (
<collectorName id="26E8AA80FFCFFFFEFF566D560280F8BF" box="[197,422,1820,1844]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">C. Erséus Collection</collectorName>
, see
<tableCitation id="C69FFAEDFFCFFFFEFE4A6D560101F8BF" box="[473,551,1820,1844]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[151,204,572,593]" captionText="Table 1. Species of Enchytraeus, specimens, country of origin, and Genbank accession numbers for the six genetic markers used in the concatenated phylogenetic analysis. Newly generated sequences in boldface, other sequences from the following sources: 1 Erséus et al. 2010, 2 Martinsson et al. 2017, 3 Erséus et al. 2019. * This specimen was misidentified in Erséus et al. 2010 as E. luxuriousus Schmelz &amp; Collado, 1999." pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Table 1</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1326D3D3FFCFFFFEFDA76D560157F8BF" box="[564,625,1820,1844]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[189,253,1932,1954]" captionTargetBox="[198,1427,948,1895]" captionTargetId="figure-388@7.[189,1439,930,1913]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree based on a concatenation of six genetic markers, estimated using Bayesian inference. Posterior probabilities below 0.8 not shown. Scale bar indicates expected number of substitutions per site. For authorities of names see Table 1." pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3079CDDFFCFFFFEFF476D77015FF833" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA2CF56FFCFFFFEFF476D77015FF833" blockId="3.[189,802,1195,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
<emphasis id="B9691344FFCFFFFEFF476D770270F8DE" bold="true" box="[212,342,1853,1877]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Etymology.</emphasis>
The Latin adjective
<taxonomicName id="4C1DB4D5FFCFFFFEFDCF6D7701EAF8DE" authorityName="Schmelz &amp; Klinth &amp; Chalkia &amp; Anastasiadou &amp; Vavoulidou" authorityYear="2019" box="[604,716,1853,1877]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Enchytraeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="demutatus">
<emphasis id="B9691344FFCFFFFEFDCF6D7701EAF8DE" box="[604,716,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">demutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
means changed, altered, transformed (perfect passive participle of
<emphasis id="B9691344FFCFFFFEFF4F6D340267F81D" box="[220,321,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">demutare</emphasis>
). Named for the characters that differ from the patterns hitherto known in the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="E29BC48AC8C7A03564B4C666315BA841">A new species of Lasioseius Berlese (Acari: Mesostigmata: Blattisociidae) from Kenya</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C7B515FFF36E78FF2B9D608501FC7D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192637" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13192637" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C7B515FFF36E78FF2B9D608501FC7D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C7B515FFF36E78FF2B9D608501FC7D" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">
<subSubSection id="C3745788FFF36E78FF2B9D60866CFE4C" box="[212,575,373,397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="98" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD10403FFF36E78FF2B9D60866CFE4C" blockId="1.[212,575,340,430]" box="[212,575,373,397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">
<heading id="D099B36FFFF36E78FF2B9D60866CFE4C" box="[212,575,373,397]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="98" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B91AD811FFF36E78FF2B9D60866CFE4C" bold="true" box="[212,575,373,397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E7F80FFF36E78FF2B9D6085A4FE4C" ID-CoL="9CCP3" authority="Faraji" authorityName="Faraji" authorityYear="2021" box="[212,503,373,397]" class="Arachnida" family="Blattisociidae" genus="Lasioseius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="1" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kichozii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91AD811FFF36E78FF2B9D6085FAFE4C" bold="true" box="[212,425,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">Lasioseius kichozii</emphasis>
Faraji
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A229656AFFF36E78FDFC9D60866CFE4C" box="[515,575,373,397]" pageId="1" pageNumber="98" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3745788FFF36E78FF2B9D8385CDFE6F" box="[212,414,406,430]" pageId="1" pageNumber="98" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD10403FFF36E78FF2B9D8385CDFE6F" blockId="1.[212,575,340,430]" box="[212,414,406,430]" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">
(
<figureCitation id="13551886FFF36E78FF239D838511FE6F" box="[220,322,406,430]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStart-3="Figure 4" captionStartId-0="2.[151,215,1365,1387]" captionStartId-1="3.[188,252,1930,1952]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,215,1746,1768]" captionStartId-3="5.[190,254,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1398,264,1334]" captionTargetBox-1="[201,1424,756,1906]" captionTargetBox-2="[167,1387,242,1717]" captionTargetBox-3="[199,1422,860,1900]" captionTargetId-0="figure-22@2.[151,1398,256,1336]" captionTargetId-1="figure-364@3.[189,1433,750,1910]" captionTargetId-2="figure-102@4.[153,1396,223,1728]" captionTargetId-3="figure-312@5.[191,1435,854,1903]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="Figure 1. Lasioseius kichozii Faraji, n. sp. (Female): (A) Idiosoma, dorsal view; (B) Idiosoma, ventral view; (C) Tritosternum." captionText-1="Figure 2. Lasioseius kichozii Faraji, n. sp. (Female): (A) Chelicera; (C) Hypostome; (D) Spermathecae; (F) Tectums; (G) Palp genu. (Male): (B) Chelicera; (E) tectum." captionText-2="Figure 3. Lasioseius kichozii Faraji, n. sp. (Female): (A) Leg I (tarsus not depicted); (B) Leg II; (C) Leg III; (D) Leg IV; (E) Peritreme, peritremal plate and exopodal plate." captionText-3="Figure 4. Lasioseius kichozii Faraji, n. sp. (male): (A) Idiosoma, dorsal view; (B) Idiosoma, ventral view." pageId="1" pageNumber="98">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13551886FFF36E78FEB19D8385C6FE6F" box="[334,405,406,430]" captionStart="Plate 1" captionStartId="2.[151,200,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[151,1398,1439,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-49@2.[151,1401,1439,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Plate 1. Lasioseius kichozii Faraji, n. sp. (Female): (A) Sternal shield; (B) Spermathecae II; (C) Chelicerae." pageId="1" pageNumber="98">Plate 1</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3745788FFF36E78FF2B9DC28501FC7D" pageId="1" pageNumber="98" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD10403FFF36E78FF2B9DC28501FC7D" blockId="1.[189,801,471,962]" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">
<emphasis id="B91AD811FFF36E78FF2B9DC2865EFE2E" bold="true" box="[212,525,471,496]" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">Diagnosis based on female</emphasis>
– Dorsal shield with 36 pairs of setae, mostly tricarinate; setae
<emphasis id="B91AD811FFF36E78FD929DEC8628FDD6" box="[621,635,505,535]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">j 1</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B91AD811FFF36E78FD4D9DEC8697FDD6" box="[690,708,505,535]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">z 1</emphasis>
present; seta
<emphasis id="B91AD811FFF36E78FF0B9E0F8556FDF9" box="[244,261,538,568]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">z 1</emphasis>
simple; seta
<emphasis id="B91AD811FFF36E78FE5D9E0F85E7FDF9" box="[418,436,538,568]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">r 4</emphasis>
over half as long as
<emphasis id="B91AD811FFF36E78FD4D9E0F8697FDF9" box="[690,708,538,568]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">s 4</emphasis>
; sternal shield with anteriomedian patch of reticula, club- or torch-shaped; first pair of sternal setae on sternal shield; ventrianal shield wider than long with four pairs of opisthogastric setae in addition to circumanal setae; with two pairs of metapodal plates separated from each other; anterior margin of tectum denticulate; movable cheliceral digit tridentate and fixed cheliceral digit with 12–14 teeth; major duct relatively wide leading to calyx, sclerotized and bulge; leg I shorter than dorsal shield; tarsus leg II with seta
<emphasis id="B91AD811FFF36E78FE439F77858BFC41" box="[444,472,866,896]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">
pl
<subScript id="17EA0646FFF36E78FE2F9F67858BFC41" attach="left" box="[464,472,882,896]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
almost reaching setae
<emphasis id="B91AD811FFF36E78FD199F778751FC41" box="[742,770,866,896]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">
al
<subScript id="17EA0646FFF36E78FD059F678751FC41" attach="left" box="[762,770,882,896]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
or
<emphasis id="B91AD811FFF36E78FF429F96848BFC60" box="[189,216,899,929]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">
pl
<subScript id="17EA0646FFF36E78FF2E9F86848BFC60" attach="left" box="[209,216,915,929]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
; leg IV with two macrosetae (
<emphasis id="B91AD811FFF36E78FDC79F968608FC60" box="[568,603,899,929]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">
pd
<subScript id="17EA0646FFF36E78FDAC9F868608FC60" attach="left" box="[595,603,915,929]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">3</subScript>
</emphasis>
of basitarsus and
<emphasis id="B91AD811FFF36E78FF429FB184B3FC03" box="[189,224,932,962]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">
pd
<subScript id="17EA0646FFF36E78FF279FA184B3FC03" attach="left" box="[216,224,948,962]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="98">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
of tarsus).
</paragraph>
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). All segments separated. Color usually present. All microsensilla present (1,1/1,1,1). Ocelli 5–8. PAO oval. Ant. I–III with full set of bms or without bms on Ant. III. Maxillary palp bifurcated, rarely simple. Labial papilla E with a full set of guards, rarely e
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absent. Thorax without ventral chaetae. Ventral tube with 4 + 4 laterodistal chaetae and two or more posterior chaetae. Unguis simple, without teeth. Tita I–II with B-row complete. Tibitarsal tenent chaetae clavate or truncate (1,2,2 or rarely 1,1,1). Furca in various stages of reduction. Manubrium with a pair of distal chaetae on anterior side. Dens with chaetae arranged along or only on distal part. Mucro with 2–3 teeth, often lamellate, rarely absent.
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/
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,
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/
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, 2448j
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, 2448k
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, 2448l
<collectionCode id="ED57AE1AF015FFE20E3EFD31986925CE" box="[824,867,735,759]" country="China" name="Chongqing Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">CM</collectionCode>
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)
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, Silveira,
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.C. leg
</materialsCitation>
.
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<typeStatus id="54FD887DF015FFE2082DFD319E9325CE" box="[1323,1433,735,759]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
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in ethanol (Nº 2448
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/
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)
<date id="FFF8101FF015FFE20E3EFCCF98BE2400" box="[824,948,801,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2013-11-19">
<collectingDate id="EFBCE9F7F015FFE20E3EFCCF98BE2400" box="[824,948,801,825]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="2013-11-19">19/XI/2013</collectingDate>
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, Silveira
<collectionCode id="ED57AE1AF015FFE2091EFCCF9F202400" box="[1048,1066,801,825]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">T</collectionCode>
.C. locality the same as
<typeStatus id="54FD887DF015FFE20820FCCE9E8F2401" box="[1318,1413,800,824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936DFF015FFE20E49FCAF9E6E2359" blockId="1.[824,1437,537,1120]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<typeStatus id="54FD887DF015FFE20E49FCAF988D2460" box="[847,903,833,857]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
National Park of Caparaó (ICMBio), Alto Caparaó municipality,
<collectingRegion id="4982F83DF015FFE20972FC8C9E432443" box="[1140,1353,866,890]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Minas Gerais state</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F351764FF015FFE2085DFC8C9E962443" box="[1371,1436,866,890]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="137D2A5AF015FFE20E46FC6D989C24A2" box="[832,918,899,923]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[189,253,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[187,1438,1459,1911]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Location and landscape of the type locality. (A) Location of the National National Park of Caparaó. (B) Typical landscape of a high altitude ecosystem of Brazilian Southeast mountains where Scutisotoma misha n. sp. was collected." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Soil and vegetation of high altitude ecosystem that belongs to the Atlantic Forest biome, where the species of genus
<taxonomicName id="4C464D5CF015FFE20EA7FC2B9F5124E4" authority="Kunth" authorityName="Kunth" box="[929,1115,965,989]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EACDF015FFE20EA7FC2B9F0624E4" box="[929,1036,965,989]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Chusquea</emphasis>
Kunth
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D5CF015FFE2096FFC2B9E2824E4" authority="Stapf" authorityName="Stapf" box="[1129,1314,965,989]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cortaderia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EACDF015FFE2096FFC2B9FEA24E4" box="[1129,1248,965,989]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cortaderia</emphasis>
Stapf
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C464D5CF015FFE20832FC2B9E9B24E4" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[1332,1425,965,989]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C464D5CF015FFE20E3EFC089F1A24C7" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[824,1040,998,1022]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EACDF015FFE20E3EFC0898AE24C7" box="[824,932,998,1022]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Baccharis</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C464D5CF015FFE20926FC089F9224C7" box="[1056,1176,998,1022]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C464D5CF015FFE209DCFC089E9724C7" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[1242,1437,998,1022]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Myrsine" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EACDF015FFE209DCFC089E3B24C4" box="[1242,1329,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Myrsine</emphasis>
Linnaeus
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C464D5CF015FFE20E39FBE998CC2326" box="[831,966,1031,1055]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Primulaceae</taxonomicName>
) stand out. The dark soil suggests presence of peat (peat high altitude) (
<figureCitation id="137D2A5AF015FFE2096CFBC99FB42379" box="[1130,1214,1063,1088]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[189,253,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[187,1438,1459,1911]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Location and landscape of the type locality. (A) Location of the National National Park of Caparaó. (B) Typical landscape of a high altitude ecosystem of Brazilian Southeast mountains where Scutisotoma misha n. sp. was collected." pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Local coordinates:
<geoCoordinate id="EE725018F015FFE20E3EFBA698D02359" box="[824,986,1096,1120]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="1" seconds="10.75" value="-22.452988">22°27’10.75”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE725018F015FFE20EE3FBA69F882359" box="[997,1154,1096,1120]" degrees="41" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="1" seconds="4.76" value="-41.801323">41°48’4.76”W</geoCoordinate>
. About
<quantity id="4CBE9B3AF015FFE209D2FBA69E262359" box="[1236,1324,1096,1120]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="m" value="2400.0">2.400 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

337
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<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC5FA7034E0F8E5FD95EF65" ID-CoL="6JHKF" authority="(Forel 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[151,559,1852,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
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<emphasis id="B9278432FFC5FA7034E0F8E5FE25EF65" bold="true" box="[151,415,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Formicoxenus sibiricus</emphasis>
(
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)
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<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFC5FA7034E0F8A6FEBFEF86" blockId="6.[151,764,1918,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC5FA7034E0F8A6FD98EFA7" authority="Forel 1899" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,546,1918,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC5FA7034E0F8A6FE37EFA7" box="[151,397,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Leptothorax sibiricus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC225D1FFC5FA7035D4F8A6FD98EFA7" author="Forel, A." box="[419,546,1918,1942]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" pagination="303 - 310" refId="ref7519" refString="Forel, A. (1899): Trois notices myrmecologiques. - Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 43: 303 - 310." type="journal article" year="1899">Forel 1899</bibRefCitation>
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[images of
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specimen]
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<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFC5FA70375EFAD6FC28EF05" blockId="6.[786,1406,1294,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC225D1FFC5FA70375EFAD6FC15ED17" author="Forel, A." box="[809,943,1294,1318]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" pagination="303 - 310" refId="ref7519" refString="Forel, A. (1899): Trois notices myrmecologiques. - Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 43: 303 - 310." type="journal article" year="1899">Forel (1899)</bibRefCitation>
described this taxon from East Siberia without giving a more precise type locality: ‘Sibérie orientale (recu de M. Nassonow).’ Investigated were the images of the
<typeStatus id="54E8E682FFC5FA703070FAA8FBD1EDB9" box="[1031,1131,1392,1416]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
worker, designated by A. Francoeur and labelled ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC5FA7030F7FA49FABCED98" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1899" box="[1152,1286,1425,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">L. sibiricus</taxonomicName>
For’, ‘
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC5FA70312BFA49FC01EDFB" authority="For" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">L. sibiricus For</taxonomicName>
Nassonov’, ‘Siberie orient.’, ‘Typus’, ‘
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A.F.-1984’ and ‘ANTWEB CASENT 0909066’. This
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fixation was published by
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. Depository: Muséum d’histoire naturelle de
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,
<collectingRegion id="499796C2FFC5FA7037FBF98FFC5AEE5E" box="[908,992,1623,1647]" country="Switzerland" name="Geneve" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Genève</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34418B0FFC5FA703787F98EFBCEEE5F" box="[1008,1140,1622,1646]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
. We have a very good idea of the morphological characters of this species as the images of the type correspond very well to the characters of my own sample from East Kazakhstan on the basis of which the species is re-described below.
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC5FA703765F924FB46EF22" authority="Dlussky 1963" authorityName="Dlussky" authorityYear="1963" box="[786,1276,1787,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC5FA703765F924FB89EF22" box="[786,1075,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Formicoxenus orientalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC225D1FFC5FA703026F923FB46EF22" author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[1105,1276,1787,1811]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" pagination="190 - 194" refId="ref7456" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (1963): Dva novykh vida murav'ev (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) iz vostochnovo Zabaikal'ya. - Entomologicheskoye Obozrenie 42 (1): 190 - 194." type="journal article" year="1963">Dlussky 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[original description]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3490BABFFC5FA71375EF8E5FDABEA21" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFC5FA71375EF8E5FDB1E95D" blockId="6.[786,1406,1294,1975]" lastBlockId="7.[189,802,241,923]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<materialsCitation id="3B3B527DFFC5FA71375EF8E5FDC2E97A" collectingDate="1957-09-09" county="Zoological Museum" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="136" location="East Siberia" municipality="Type-depository" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Moscow">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC225D1FFC5FA70375EF8E5FC71EF64" author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[809,971,1853,1877]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" pagination="190 - 194" refId="ref7456" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (1963): Dva novykh vida murav'ev (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) iz vostochnovo Zabaikal'ya. - Entomologicheskoye Obozrenie 42 (1): 190 - 194." type="journal article" year="1963">Dlussky (1963)</bibRefCitation>
described this taxon from
<location id="8E8C0EFBFFC5FA703084F8E5FACDEF64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FAE936FFC5FA7E34E0F8E5FD88EF47:8E8C0EFBFFC5FA703084F8E5FACDEF64" box="[1267,1399,1853,1877]" county="Zoological Museum" municipality="Type-depository" name="East Siberia" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" stateProvince="Moscow">East Siberia</location>
based on workers collected within a nest of
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC5FA70316DF886FC12EFA7" authorityName="Nylander" authorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pressilabris">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC5FA70316DF886FC12EFA7" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Formica pressilabris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. He gave the data: „Golotyp. 1 rabotschi iz gnezda
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC5FA7037D7F878FB3DEF86" authorityName="Nylander" authorityYear="1846" box="[928,1159,1951,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pressilabris">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC5FA7037D7F878FB3DEF86" box="[928,1159,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Formica pressilabris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. No 288,
<date id="FFED7EE0FFC5FA703089F847FAC8EF86" box="[1278,1394,1951,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" value="1957-09-09">
<collectingDate id="EFA98708FFC5FA703089F847FAC8EF86" box="[1278,1394,1951,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" value="1957-09-09">9 IX 1957</collectingDate>
</date>
, Chitinskaya obl., Sretenskij raiyon, Dunayevskoje lesnichestvo, pad’ Kulinda.“
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88C25AFFC4FA71361FFECAFCA4E91B" box="[616,798,274,298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Type-depository</collectingMunicipality>
:
<collectingCounty id="628D20ACFFC4FA7134A3FEEBFE7FE97A" box="[212,453,307,331]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Zoological Museum</collectingCounty>
of
<collectingRegion id="499796C2FFC4FA71366BFEECFDC2E97A" box="[540,632,308,331]" country="Russia" name="Moscow" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Moscow</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B3B527DFFC4FA7136E0FEECFDBDE95D" country="Russia" location="Moskva" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Moscow">
Lomonossov University,
<collectingRegion id="499796C2FFC4FA713526FE8CFE1DE95D" box="[337,423,340,364]" country="Russia" name="Moscow" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Moskva</collectingRegion>
/
<collectingCountry id="F34418B0FFC4FA7135CBFE8CFDBDE95D" box="[444,519,340,364]" name="Russia" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Russia</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFC4FA7134A3FEADFDABEA21" blockId="7.[189,802,241,923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
Dlussky’s description is very detailed and is in no character in disagreement with the re-description of
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC4FA71348CFE6FFDB3E9FE" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[251,521,439,463]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC4FA71348CFE6FFDB3E9FE" box="[251,521,439,463]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Formicoxenus sibiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presented below. This refers to any feature of body shape, sculpture and the characteristic shape of setae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3490BABFFC4FA7134CAFDC1FA99EA84" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFC4FA7134CAFDC1FEFAEA63" blockId="7.[189,802,241,923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC4FA7134CAFDC1FD14EA03" authority="Zhou et Chen 2011" authorityName="Zhou et Chen" authorityYear="2011" box="[189,686,537,562]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zhengi">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC4FA7134CAFDC1FE1BEA00" box="[189,417,537,561]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Leptothorax zhengi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC225D1FFC4FA7135C1FDC1FD14EA03" author="Zhou, S. Y. &amp; Y. I. Peng &amp; Z. L. Chen &amp; X. G. Zhou &amp; L. T. Liang" box="[438,686,537,562]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" pagination="592 - 594" refId="ref7808" refString="Zhou, S. Y., Y. I. Peng, Z. L. Chen, X. G. Zhou &amp; L. T. Liang (2011): A new species and a new record species of the genus Leptothorax Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from China. - Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 36: 592 - 594." type="journal article" year="2011">Zhou et Chen 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[original description]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFC4FA7134A3FD83FA99EA84" blockId="7.[189,802,241,923]" lastBlockId="7.[847,1437,241,693]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC225D1FFC4FA7134A3FD83FE2DEA42" author="Zhou, S. Y. &amp; Y. I. Peng &amp; Z. L. Chen &amp; X. G. Zhou &amp; L. T. Liang" box="[212,407,603,627]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" pagination="592 - 594" refId="ref7808" refString="Zhou, S. Y., Y. I. Peng, Z. L. Chen, X. G. Zhou &amp; L. T. Liang (2011): A new species and a new record species of the genus Leptothorax Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from China. - Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 36: 592 - 594." type="journal article" year="2011">Zhou et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
gave the following collecting data: ‘
<typeStatus id="54E8E682FFC4FA7134AFFDA4FEFBEAA5" box="[216,321,636,660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingRegion id="499796C2FFC4FA7135BBFDA5FD31EAA5" box="[460,651,636,660]" country="China" name="Nei Mongol" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Inner Mongolia</collectingRegion>
: Shantangzi Monitoring Station, Helanshan National Nature Reserve,
<date id="FFED7EE0FFC4FA71354BFD66FE77EAE7" box="[316,461,702,726]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" value="2010-07-29">29 July 2010</date>
, leg. Chen Zhi-Lin.’ The type depository was not specified but is possibly the collection of
<collectingRegion id="499796C2FFC4FA713500FCD8FE6FEB29" box="[375,469,768,792]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
Normal University, Guilin,
<collectingCountry id="F34418B0FFC4FA7134A3FCF8FEA3EB09" box="[212,281,800,824]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">China</collectingCountry>
. As mean measurements of
<specimenCount id="9D5593A9FFC4FA713625FCF8FD78EB08" box="[594,706,800,825]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" type="generic">three type</specimenCount>
workers in mm can be derived from the data of
<bibRefCitation id="EFC225D1FFC4FA7136D3FC99FEAFEB4B" author="Zhou, S. Y. &amp; Y. I. Peng &amp; Z. L. Chen &amp; X. G. Zhou &amp; L. T. Liang" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" pagination="592 - 594" refId="ref7808" refString="Zhou, S. Y., Y. I. Peng, Z. L. Chen, X. G. Zhou &amp; L. T. Liang (2011): A new species and a new record species of the genus Leptothorax Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from China. - Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica 36: 592 - 594." type="journal article" year="2011">Zhou et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
CL = 0.790, CW 0.581 (adapted to the measuring mode used here), SL 0.460, MW 0.385, ML 0.845. This translates into CS 0.686, CL/CW 1.360, SL/CS 0.671, MW/CS 0.560, ML/CS 1.230 (compare with
<tableCitation id="C6D16D9BFFC4FA71313EFECAFA34E91B" box="[1353,1422,274,298]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[189,242,246,267]" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of workers of the genera Leptothorax and Formicoxenus. Data are given in the sequence arithmetic mean ± standard deviation [minimum, maximum]." pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
). Even if considering some measuring inaccuracy, these measurements as well as images given in the original description indicate a junior synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC4FA713738FE4FFC6AE99F" ID-CoL="6JHKF" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[847,976,406,430]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC4FA713738FE4FFC6AE99F" box="[847,976,406,430]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">F. sibiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This refers in particular to the much elongated head, the small eyes, the mesosoma and waist profile with a very broad subpetiolar process and an acute, well-developed spine of postpetiolar sternite, the characteristic sculpture on head, mesosoma and waist, and the short blunt setae on whole body. Hence there is in no character a disagreement with the re-description of
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC4FA71371DFDA5FBD2EAA5" ID-CoL="6JHKF" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[874,1128,636,660]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC4FA71371DFDA5FBD2EAA5" box="[874,1128,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Formicoxenus sibiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presented below. No data on the circumstances of collecting were given.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3490BABFFC4FA7E3738FD06FEAFE99F" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFC4FA713738FD06FC6AEBAA" blockId="7.[824,1437,734,923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC4FA713738FD06FBF9EAC7" bold="true" box="[847,1091,734,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Material examined</emphasis>
. Direct investigation was performed in a sample of
<specimenCount id="9D5593A9FFC4FA713017FCD8FB56EB29" box="[1120,1260,768,792]" count="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" type="worker">five workers</specimenCount>
, collected from a nest of
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC4FA7137EAFCF9FB00EB09" authority="Forel 1886" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" box="[925,1210,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clara">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC4FA7137EAFCF9FB86EB09" box="[925,1084,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Formica clara</emphasis>
Forel 1886
</taxonomicName>
, and labelled ‘KAZ: 47.17.39 N, 85.37.03 E,
<quantity id="4CABF5C5FFC4FA713036FC99FB2DEB68" box="[1089,1175,833,857]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.486" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" unit="m" value="1486.0">1486 m</quantity>
, Saur Mts. Steppe, mit
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC4FA71374FFCBAFC77EB4B" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1913" box="[824,973,866,890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="137" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Serviformica">Serviformica</taxonomicName>
, leg. Seifert
<date id="FFED7EE0FFC4FA713022FCBAFB71EB4B" box="[1109,1227,866,890]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" value="2001-07-24">2001.07.24</date>
– 179’. Depository: SMN Görlitz.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2C08A8FFC4FA7134CAF853FD8EEF86" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" startId="7.[189,253,1931,1953]" targetBox="[189,1436,951,1903]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFC4FA7134CAF853FD8EEF86" blockId="7.[189,1437,1931,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC4FA7134CAF853FE84EF91" bold="true" box="[189,318,1931,1953]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Figure 10–13</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC4FA71353AF854FD9FEF91" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[333,549,1931,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC4FA71353AF854FD9FEF91" box="[333,549,1931,1953]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Formicoxenus sibiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC4FA71364BF853FDE9EF91" bold="true" box="[572,595,1931,1952]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">10</emphasis>
) head in dorsal view; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC4FA713743F853FCF3EF91" bold="true" box="[820,841,1931,1952]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">11</emphasis>
) lateral view; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC4FA7137A9F853FC4FEF91" bold="true" box="[990,1013,1931,1952]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">12</emphasis>
) dorsal view; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC4FA7130FFF853FB25EF91" bold="true" box="[1160,1183,1931,1952]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">13</emphasis>
) dorsolateral view on eye. Kazakhstan: Saur Mountains, 2001.07.24
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCBFA7E34D9FF29FEAFE99F" blockId="8.[151,765,241,1910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E34D9FF29FE3AE93B" bold="true" box="[174,384,241,266]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Geographic range</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B3B527DFFCBFA7E35FAFF29FD71E97A" county="Saur Mountains" latitude="47.2933" location="Southern Central" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="85.6177" municipality="East Siberia. The" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8E8C0EFBFFCBFA7E35FAFF29FDF3E938" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FAE936FFC5FA7E34E0F8E5FD88EF47:8E8C0EFBFFCBFA7E35FAFF29FDF3E938" box="[397,585,241,265]" county="Saur Mountains" latitude="47.2933" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="85.6177" municipality="East Siberia. The" name="Southern Central" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Southern Central</location>
to
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88C25AFFCBFA7E361CFF2AFF78E91B" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">East Siberia. The</collectingMunicipality>
three collecting sites with useful geographical data are in the
<collectingCounty id="628D20ACFFCBFA7E3567FEEBFE79E97A" box="[272,451,307,331]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Saur Mountains</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE673EE7FFCBFA7E35A2FEEBFDFDE97A" box="[469,583,307,331]" degrees="47.2933" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" precision="5" value="47.2933">47.2933°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE673EE7FFCBFA7E3625FEEBFD7EE97A" box="[594,708,307,331]" degrees="85.6177" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" precision="5" value="85.6177">85.6177°E</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B3B527DFFCBFA7E36ADFEEBFD41E95D" latitude="38.7" location="Helanshan National Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="7046" longitude="105.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1">
the
<location id="8E8C0EFBFFCBFA7E34E0FE8CFD8BE95D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FAE936FFC5FA7E34E0F8E5FD88EF47:8E8C0EFBFFCBFA7E34E0FE8CFD8BE95D" box="[151,561,340,364]" latitude="38.7" longLatPrecision="7046" longitude="105.9" name="Helanshan National Nature Reserve" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Helanshan National Nature Reserve</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE673EE7FFCBFA7E3633FE8CFD2BE95D" box="[580,657,340,364]" degrees="38.7" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" precision="5555" value="38.7">38.7°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE673EE7FFCBFA7E36EAFE8CFD4EE95D" box="[669,756,340,364]" degrees="105.9" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" precision="5555" value="105.9">105.9°E</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B3B527DFFCBFA7E34E0FEADFEABE99F" latitude="52.501" location="Kulinda" longLatPrecision="64" longitude="116.72" municipality="Dunayevo" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="1">
and
<location id="8E8C0EFBFFCBFA7E34A1FEADFE95E9BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FAE936FFC5FA7E34E0F8E5FD88EF47:8E8C0EFBFFCBFA7E34A1FEADFE95E9BC" box="[214,303,373,397]" latitude="52.501" longLatPrecision="64" longitude="116.72" municipality="Dunayevo" name="Kulinda" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Kulinda</location>
waterfall near
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88C25AFFCBFA7E3670FEAEFDCDE9BF" box="[519,631,374,398]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Dunayevo</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE673EE7FFCBFA7E36E1FEADFD46E9BC" box="[662,764,373,397]" degrees="52.501" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" precision="55" value="52.501">52.501°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE673EE7FFCBFA7E34E0FE4EFEB0E99F" box="[151,266,406,430]" degrees="116.720" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" precision="55" value="116.72">116.720°E</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3490BABFFCBFA7E34D9FE6FFDEDEDDA" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCBFA7E34D9FE6FFEEFED56" blockId="8.[151,765,241,1910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E34D9FE6FFEA5E9FE" bold="true" box="[174,287,439,463]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B3B527DFFCBFA7E354BFE6FFEE8ED56" collectionCode="FRS, CS, EYE, SPBA" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" specimenCode="CS 676, CS 2.69" specimenCount="5">
--Worker (
<figureCitation id="136844A5FFCBFA7E35CBFE6FFDFCE9FE" box="[444,582,439,463]" captionStart="Figure 10–13" captionStartId="7.[189,253,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[189,1436,951,1903]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 10–13. Formicoxenus sibiricus; (10) head in dorsal view; (11) lateral view; (12) dorsal view; (13) dorsolateral view on eye. Kazakhstan: Saur Mountains, 2001.07.24" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Figs 10–13</figureCitation>
, key; pictures CASENT 0909066 in www.antweb.org). Numeric data given are arithmetic means based on measurement of
<specimenCount id="9D5593A9FFCBFA7E34E0FDC1FE9DEA00" box="[151,295,537,561]" count="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
(for standard deviation, minimum and maximum values see
<tableCitation id="C6D16D9BFFCBFA7E35F1FDE2FE72EA63" box="[390,456,570,594]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[189,242,246,267]" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of workers of the genera Leptothorax and Formicoxenus. Data are given in the sequence arithmetic mean ± standard deviation [minimum, maximum]." pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
). Rather small size,
<specimenCode id="DBF5F05BFFCBFA7E36DBFDE2FD41EA63" box="[684,763,570,594]" collectionCode="CS" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">CS 676</specimenCode>
µm. Head much elongated, CL/CW 1.333. Genae in dorsal view parallel or even slightly diverging frontad. Anterior margin of clypeus in dorsal view semicircular. Occipital margin straight to weakly concave. Frons very broad (
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/
<collectionCode id="ED42C0E5FFCBFA7E3514FD07FE3EEAC6" box="[355,388,735,759]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">CS</collectionCode>
0.478). Scape comparably long, SL/
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0.737. Eye very small,
<collectionCode id="ED42C0E5FFCBFA7E367AFCD8FDF9EB29" box="[525,579,768,792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">EYE</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED42C0E5FFCBFA7E363CFCD8FDD1EB29" box="[587,619,768,792]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">CS</collectionCode>
0.173, with notable microsetae. Dorsal profile of promesonotum largely linear, propodeum convex, metanotal depression moderately deep (MGr/
<specimenCode id="DBF5F05BFFCBFA7E35E8FCBAFE4DEB4B" box="[415,503,866,890]" collectionCode="CS" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">CS 2.69</specimenCode>
%). Spines rather short and acute (SP/
<collectionCode id="ED42C0E5FFCBFA7E3541FC5BFEECEBAA" box="[310,342,899,923]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">CS</collectionCode>
0.144), their bases moderately distant (
<collectionCode id="ED42C0E5FFCBFA7E34E9FC7CFF58EB8D" box="[158,226,932,956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">SPBA</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED42C0E5FFCBFA7E349CFC7CFEB1EB8D" box="[235,267,932,956]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">CS</collectionCode>
0.294). Petiole with strong anterolateral corners, in profile without peduncle and with a broad subpetiolar lobe. Postpetiole narrower than in other species (PpW/
<collectionCode id="ED42C0E5FFCBFA7E3537FBDFFEE5EC2E" box="[320,351,1031,1055]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">CS</collectionCode>
0.344), its sternite with a well-developed spine. All surfaces of head, mesosoma, waist and appendages matt due to a reticulate microsculpture. Dorsal vertex strongly longitudinally carinulate-rugulose. Gaster glabrous and with very dilute pubescence. Head, mesosoma, waist, scape, femora and tibiae with very short (PnHL/
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0.062) setae, which widen from base to apex, are apically fringed (
<figureCitation id="136844A5FFCBFA7E36A7FB35FF0BED17" captionStart="Figure 10–13" captionStartId="7.[189,253,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[189,1436,951,1903]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 10–13. Formicoxenus sibiricus; (10) head in dorsal view; (11) lateral view; (12) dorsal view; (13) dorsolateral view on eye. Kazakhstan: Saur Mountains, 2001.07.24" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) and form in cross-section a tridentate star. Color of head, mesosoma, waist and gaster homogenously yellowish brown
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCBFA7E34D9FAA8FDEDEDDA" blockId="8.[151,765,241,1910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E34D9FAA8FE05EDB9" bold="true" box="[174,447,1392,1416]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Taxonomic comments</emphasis>
. As a combination of short, blunt and fringed setae with a well-developed sculpture on head, mesosoma, waist and appendages,
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCBFA7E34E0FA0CFE21EDDA" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[151,411,1491,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E34E0FA0CFE21EDDA" box="[151,411,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Formicoxenus sibiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unmistakable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3490BABFFCBFA7E34D9FA2CFD88EF47" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCBFA7E34D9FA2CFD88EF47" blockId="8.[151,765,241,1910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E34D9FA2CFEBCEE3D" bold="true" box="[174,262,1524,1548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Biology</emphasis>
. Similar to the situation in
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCBFA7E3629FA2DFF42EE1C" baseAuthorityName="Nylander" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidulus">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E3629FA2DFF42EE1C" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Formicoxenus nitidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there is obviously no host specificity in this xenobiotic ant. Confirmed host species are
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCBFA7E34E0F98FFDD9EE5F" authority="Forel 1886" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,611,1622,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clara" subGenus="Serviformica">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E34E0F98FFE59EE5F" box="[151,483,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Formica (Serviformica) clara</emphasis>
Forel 1886
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCBFA7E36E9F98FFDF7EEBE" authority="Dlussky 1964" authorityName="Dlussky" authorityYear="1964" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisarskii" subGenus="Coptoformica">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E36E9F98FFE13EEBE" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Formica (Coptoformica) pisarskii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC225D1FFCBFA7E35C5F9AFFDF7EEBE" author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[434,589,1655,1679]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" pagination="1026 - 104" refId="ref7491" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (1964): Murav'i podroda Coptoformica roda Formica. - Zoologichesky Zhurnal' 43 (7): 1026 - 104." type="journal article" year="1964">Dlussky 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The latter host had originally been determined by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC225D1FFCBFA7E366CF940FD7AEE81" author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[539,704,1688,1712]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" pagination="190 - 194" refId="ref7456" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (1963): Dva novykh vida murav'ev (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) iz vostochnovo Zabaikal'ya. - Entomologicheskoye Obozrenie 42 (1): 190 - 194." type="journal article" year="1963">Dlussky (1963)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCBFA7E3691F941FDCCEEE0" authority="Nylander 1846" authorityName="Nylander" authorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pressilabris" subGenus="Coptoformica">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E3691F941FE76EEE0" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">F. (Coptoformica) pressilabris</emphasis>
Nylander 1846
</taxonomicName>
but later he corrected the identification (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC225D1FFCBFA7E35BDF902FDDEEEC3" author="Dlussky, G. M." box="[458,612,1754,1778]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" pagination="1026 - 104" refId="ref7491" refString="Dlussky, G. M. (1964): Murav'i podroda Coptoformica roda Formica. - Zoologichesky Zhurnal' 43 (7): 1026 - 104." type="journal article" year="1964">Dlussky 1964</bibRefCitation>
). The mistake becomes already apparent by zoogeography: the site near Dunayevo (
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,
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) should exclude
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<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E3691F8C4FEA0EF64" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">F. pressilabris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the known range of which does not extend east of
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC225D1FFCBFA7E355FF885FD9CEF47" author="Seifert, B. &amp; R. Schultz" box="[296,550,1885,1910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" pagination="177 - 220" refId="ref7691" refString="Seifert, B. &amp; R. Schultz (2021): A taxonomic revision of the Palaearctic ant subgenus Coptoformica Muller, 1923 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). - Contributions to Entomology 71 (2): 177 - 220 [https: // doi. org / 10.21248 / contrib. entomol. 71.2.177 - 220]" type="journal article" year="2021">Seifert &amp; Schultz 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

335
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<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E375EF940FB98EE81" bold="true" box="[809,1058,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Leptothorax tibeticum</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C3490BABFFCBFA7E375EF902FC7CEF22" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCBFA7E375EF902FC7CEF22" blockId="8.[786,1399,1754,1811]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
Etymology: belonging to
<collectingRegion id="499796C2FFCBFA7E3040F902FBD5EEC3" box="[1079,1135,1754,1778]" country="China" name="Xizang" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Tibet</collectingRegion>
since all known findings were from there.
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<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCBFA7F375EF8E5FE58EEBE" blockId="8.[786,1398,1852,1975]" lastBlockId="9.[189,802,1293,1976]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E375EF8E5FC68EF65" bold="true" box="[809,978,1852,1877]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Type material:</emphasis>
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and plus
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on the same pin, labelled ‘CHI:
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,
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, Heimahe-
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SSE,
<quantity id="4CABF5C5FFCBFA7E3725F847FC10EF86" box="[850,938,1951,1975]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.288" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="3288.0">3288 m</quantity>
, Viehweide,
<date id="FFED7EE0FFCBFA7E3049F847FB06EF86" box="[1086,1212,1951,1975]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" value="2011-07-26">2011.07.26</date>
-KoZ2-Bleg’;
<specimenCount id="9D5593A9FFCBFA7F3138F878FECEED17" count="1" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="worker" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype worker</specimenCount>
labelled ‘CHI:
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,
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, Heimahe-
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SE,
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, Viehweide, Seifert
<date id="FFED7EE0FFCAFA7F34CAFA88FE8CED59" box="[189,310,1360,1384]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" value="2011-07-23">2011.07.23</date>
-KoA-BPs’;
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on the same pin, labelled ‘CHI:
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE673EE7FFCAFA7F3659FAA8FD17EDB9" box="[558,685,1392,1416]" degrees="102.7775" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" precision="5" value="102.7775">102.7775°E</geoCoordinate>
, Tianzhu,
<quantity id="4CABF5C5FFCAFA7F34CAFA49FEAEED98" box="[189,276,1425,1449]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0389999999999997" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" unit="m" value="3039.0">3039 m</quantity>
, Rand Weide / Buschland, Seifert
<date id="FFED7EE0FFCAFA7F36D5FA49FCA0ED98" box="[674,794,1425,1449]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" value="2011-08-04">2011.08.04</date>
- 82’;
<specimenCount id="9D5593A9FFCAFA7F3498FA6AFE59EDFB" box="[239,483,1458,1483]" count="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="worker" typeStatus="paratype">five paratype workers</specimenCount>
on two pins, labelled ‘CHI:
<geoCoordinate id="EE673EE7FFCAFA7F34CAFA0BFE8AEDDA" box="[189,304,1491,1515]" degrees="37.1770" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" precision="5" value="37.177">37.1770°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE673EE7FFCAFA7F354CFA0BFE03EDDA" box="[315,441,1491,1515]" degrees="102.7731" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" precision="5" value="102.7731">102.7731°E</geoCoordinate>
, Tianshu,
<quantity id="4CABF5C5FFCAFA7F365CFA0BFDC7EDDB" box="[555,637,1491,1515]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.146" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" unit="m" value="3146.0">3146 m</quantity>
, Gipfel, Weide mit Büschen, Seifert
<date id="FFED7EE0FFCAFA7F35D6FA2CFDA6EE3D" box="[417,540,1524,1548]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" value="2011-08-04">2011.08.04</date>
’;
<specimenCount id="9D5593A9FFCAFA7F365EFA2CFCA7EE3D" box="[553,797,1524,1548]" count="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="worker" typeStatus="paratype">four paratype workers</specimenCount>
, labelled ‘CHI:
<geoCoordinate id="EE673EE7FFCAFA7F352AF9CDFE6FEE1C" box="[349,469,1557,1581]" degrees="38.0370" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" precision="5" value="38.037">38.0370°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE673EE7FFCAFA7F35A9F9CDFDE7EE1C" box="[478,605,1557,1581]" degrees="101.5896" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" precision="5" value="101.5896">101.5896°E</geoCoordinate>
, Xinchengzizhen,
<quantity id="4CABF5C5FFCAFA7F34CAF9EEFEAFEE7C" box="[189,277,1590,1614]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.114" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" unit="m" value="3114.0">3114 m</quantity>
, Weide an Waldrand, Seifert
<date id="FFED7EE0FFCAFA7F3608F9EEFD42EE7F" box="[639,760,1590,1614]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" value="2001-07-31">2001.07.31</date>
-74’; all five samples were collected by the author and are deposited in SMN Görlitz.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2C08A8FFCAFA7F34C9FB6CFCE8ECD0" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" startId="9.[190,254,1204,1226]" targetBox="[190,1437,227,1177]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCAFA7F34C9FB6CFCE8ECD0" blockId="9.[190,1438,1204,1249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCAFA7F34C9FB6CFE81ECF8" bold="true" box="[190,315,1204,1226]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Figure 14–17</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCAFA7F3530FB6DFDA5ECF8" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2023" box="[327,543,1204,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gebaueri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCAFA7F3530FB6DFDA5ECF8" box="[327,543,1204,1226]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Formicoxenus gebaueri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2143949FFCAFA7F3653FB6DFDEBECFB" box="[548,593,1205,1226]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCAFA7F36CAFB6CFD6EECF8" bold="true" box="[701,724,1204,1225]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">14</emphasis>
) head in dorsal view; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCAFA7F37D4FB6CFC00ECF8" bold="true" box="[931,954,1204,1225]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">15</emphasis>
) lateral view (flipped horizontally); (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCAFA7F317DFB6CFA9BECF8" bold="true" box="[1290,1313,1204,1225]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">16</emphasis>
) dorsal view; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCAFA7F34B2FB13FF66ECD1" bold="true" box="[197,220,1227,1248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">17</emphasis>
) dorsolateral view on eye. China: Beishan National Park, 1995.05.30
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCAFA7F34A3F940FE24EF05" blockId="9.[189,802,1293,1976]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCAFA7F34A3F940FE1AEE81" bold="true" box="[212,416,1688,1712]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Geographic range</emphasis>
. So far only found during collections of the PADEMOS project in the three NE Tibetan sites reported above. This ant was not found during collections of the same project performed in similar habitats farther south and southwest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2C08A8FFCAFA7F374EF97CFB6DEEE0" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" startId="9.[825,889,1700,1722]" targetBox="[867,1412,1306,1671]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCAFA7F374EF97CFB6DEEE0" blockId="9.[824,1437,1700,1745]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCAFA7F374EF97CFC21EE88" bold="true" box="[825,923,1700,1722]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Figure 18</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCAFA7F37DDF97CFBC5EE8B" authorityName="KuznetzovUgamsky" authorityYear="1928" box="[938,1151,1700,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oceanicus">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCAFA7F37DDF97CFBC5EE8B" box="[938,1151,1700,1722]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Leptothorax oceanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, propodeum and waist (from Kuznetzov-Ugamsky 1928), Russian Far East
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3490BABFFCAFA7B34A3F8E4FEC0EA85" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="142" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCAFA7A34A3F8E4FC3FEC90" blockId="9.[189,802,1293,1976]" lastBlockId="12.[786,1399,1027,1185]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="141" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCAFA7F34A3F8E4FEF9EF65" bold="true" box="[212,323,1852,1876]" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: --Worker (
<figureCitation id="136844A5FFCAFA7F35B1F8E5FDFAEF64" box="[454,576,1853,1877]" captionStart="Figures 31–33" captionStartId="12.[786,859,726,748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1398,238,699]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 31–33. Leptothorax tibeticum n.sp., holotype; (31) head in dorsal view; (32) lateral view (flipped horizontally); (33) dorsal view. China: Heimahe-4.4 km SSE, 2011.07.26." pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Figs 31–33</figureCitation>
, key). Numeric data given are arithmetic means based on measurement of
<specimenCount id="9D5593A9FFCAFA7F34CAF8A6FEEDEFA7" box="[189,343,1918,1942]" count="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" type="generic">13 specimens</specimenCount>
(for standard deviation, minimum and maximum values see
<tableCitation id="C6D16D9BFFCAFA7F35DBF847FE54EF86" box="[428,494,1951,1975]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[189,242,246,267]" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of workers of the genera Leptothorax and Formicoxenus. Data are given in the sequence arithmetic mean ± standard deviation [minimum, maximum]." pageId="9" pageNumber="138">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
). Rather small, CS 618 µm. Head less elongated than in
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCAFA7F300AF924FA99EF22" authority=", CL" authorityName="CL" box="[1149,1315,1787,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscorum">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCAFA7F300AF924FB54EF22" box="[1149,1262,1788,1811]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="138">muscorum</emphasis>
, CL
</taxonomicName>
/CW 1.115. Anterior margin of clypeus in dorsal view convex. Paramedian clypeus with 2-3 curved carinulae on each side; median clypeal surface smooth and shiny, its contour in dorsocaudal view plane. Genae and postocular head sides in dorsal view slightly convex, posterior margin of head straight and feebly concave in median third. Frons broader than in
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC9FA7C352AFECBFE74E91B" box="[349,462,275,298]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscorum">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC9FA7C352AFECBFE74E91B" box="[349,462,275,298]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">muscorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FRS/CS 0.411); frontal carinae, as difference to any other Palaearctic
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC9FA7C3600FEEBFF52E95D" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC9FA7C3600FEEBFD41E97A" box="[631,763,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Leptothorax</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, strongly diverging frontad (FL/FR 1.090). Scape moderately long, SL/CS 0.689. Eye relatively large, EYE/ CS 0.220, with notable microsetae. Mesosoma shorter than in other species (ML/CS 1.266). Dorsal profile of mesosoma in overall impression feebly but rather evenly convex, with a shallow metanotal depression (MGr/CS 1.48 %). Spines rather long and acute (SP/CS 0.213), their axis in lateral view directed caudad, their bases more distant than in
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC8FA7D35F4FECBFE4EE91B" box="[387,500,275,298]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscorum">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC8FA7D35F4FECBFE4EE91B" box="[387,500,275,298]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">muscorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SPBA/CS 0.301). Petiole in lateral view without peduncle, deviating from the situation in
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC8FA7D3532FE8DFE0CE95D" box="[325,438,341,364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscorum">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC8FA7D3532FE8DFE0CE95D" box="[325,438,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">muscorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(compare
<figureCitation id="136844A5FFC8FA7D3647FE8CFD32E95D" box="[560,648,340,364]" captionStart="Figures 28–30" captionStartId="11.[824,897,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[189,1436,448,1891]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figures 28–30. Leptothorax muscorum; (28) head in dorsal view; (29) lateral view; (30) dorsal view. Germany: Dubring-2.6 km NNW, 2012.07.21." pageId="11" pageNumber="140">Figs. 29</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="136844A5FFC8FA7D36B3FE8CFD64E95D" box="[708,734,340,364]" captionStart="Figures 31–33" captionStartId="12.[786,859,726,748]" captionTargetBox="[151,1398,238,699]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figures 31–33. Leptothorax tibeticum n.sp., holotype; (31) head in dorsal view; (32) lateral view (flipped horizontally); (33) dorsal view. China: Heimahe-4.4 km SSE, 2011.07.26." pageId="11" pageNumber="140">32</figureCitation>
) by a steep and rather straight frontal face, a rather straight caudal slope of the node and the narrow dorsal crest of the node. Petiole relatively higher than in
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC8FA7D30A9FECBFAF5E91B" box="[1246,1359,275,298]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscorum">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC8FA7D30A9FECBFAF5E91B" box="[1246,1359,275,298]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">muscorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(PEH/ PEL 0.870). Sculpture on nearly all surfaces stronger than in
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC8FA7D37E3FE8DFBBFE95D" box="[916,1029,341,364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscorum">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC8FA7D37E3FE8DFBBFE95D" box="[916,1029,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">muscorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; frontal laminae and large parts of vertex more strongly longitudinally carinulate-rugulose,
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCFFA7A3765FBDBFC3EEC29" bold="true" box="[786,900,1027,1049]" pageId="12" pageNumber="141">▼Figure 34</emphasis>
. Principal component analysis of the six morphometric characters CL/CW, FRS/CS, EYE/CS, SP/CS, MW/CS and PEL/CS in workers of
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCFFA7A37E1FBE9FBD4EC74" baseAuthorityName="Nylander" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[918,1134,1072,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidulus">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCFFA7A37E1FBE9FBD4EC74" box="[918,1134,1072,1094]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="141">Formicoxenus nitidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(white rhombs),
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCFFA7A3167FBE9FACCEC74" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[1296,1398,1072,1094]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCFFA7A3167FBE9FACCEC74" box="[1296,1398,1072,1094]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="141">F. sibiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black rhombs),
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCFFA7A37CDFB90FB91EC6D" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2023" box="[954,1067,1095,1117]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gebaueri" status="n.sp.">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCFFA7A37CDFB90FB91EC6D" box="[954,1067,1095,1117]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="141">F. gebaueri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2143949FFCFFA7A304DFB9FFBDFEC6D" box="[1082,1125,1095,1116]" pageId="12" pageNumber="141" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(red rhombs),
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCFFA7A317FFB9FFCCEEC42" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acervorum">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCFFA7A317FFB9FFCCEEC42" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="141">Leptothorax acervorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black crosses),
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCFFA7A3062FB86FB37EC42" box="[1045,1165,1118,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscorum">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCFFA7A3062FB86FB37EC42" box="[1045,1165,1118,1139]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="141">L. muscorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(white dots),
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCFFA7A3163FB86FACCEC42" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1855" box="[1300,1398,1118,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gredleri">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCFFA7A3163FB86FACCEC42" box="[1300,1398,1118,1139]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="141">L. gredleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(grey triangles),
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCFFA7A37D8FBADFBB0ECBB" authorityName="Ruzsky" authorityYear="1905" box="[943,1034,1141,1162]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scamni">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCFFA7A37D8FBADFBB0ECBB" box="[943,1034,1141,1162]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="141">L. scamni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(white squares) and
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCFFA7A30A4FBADFAF8ECB8" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2023" box="[1235,1346,1140,1162]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibeticum" status="n.sp.">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCFFA7A30A4FBADFAF8ECB8" box="[1235,1346,1140,1162]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="141">L. tibeticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2143949FFCFFA7A313BFBADFACDECBB" box="[1356,1399,1141,1162]" pageId="12" pageNumber="141" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(black dots).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2C08A8FFC9FA7C34E0F8ACFEA6EF86" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" startId="10.[151,215,1908,1930]" targetBox="[153,1400,446,1889]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFC9FA7C34E0F8ACFEA6EF86" blockId="10.[151,764,1908,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC9FA7C34E0F8ACFEA2EFB8" bold="true" box="[151,280,1908,1930]" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Figure 19–21</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC9FA7C3551F8ACFE45EFBB" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1793" box="[294,511,1908,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acervorum">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC9FA7C3551F8ACFE45EFBB" box="[294,511,1908,1930]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Leptothorax acervorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC9FA7C3661F8ACFD97EFB8" bold="true" box="[534,557,1908,1929]" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">19</emphasis>
) head in dorsal view; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC9FA7C34E8F853FF0CEF91" bold="true" box="[159,182,1931,1952]" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">20</emphasis>
) lateral view; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC9FA7C354AF853FEEEEF91" bold="true" box="[317,340,1931,1952]" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">21</emphasis>
) dorsal view. Spain: Valdelinares-2.6 km SSW, 2009.05-SG10
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2C08A8FFC9FA7C3765F8ACFC0AEF86" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" startId="10.[786,850,1908,1930]" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFC9FA7C3765F8ACFC0AEF86" blockId="10.[786,1399,1908,1975]" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC9FA7C3765F8ACFC2BEFB8" bold="true" box="[786,913,1908,1930]" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Figure 22–24</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC9FA7C37E9F8ACFBEEEFBB" authorityName="Ruzsky" authorityYear="1905" box="[926,1108,1908,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scamni">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC9FA7C37E9F8ACFBEEEFBB" box="[926,1108,1908,1930]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">Leptothorax scamni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC9FA7C301EF8ACFB3AEFB8" bold="true" box="[1129,1152,1908,1929]" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">22</emphasis>
) head in dorsal view; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC9FA7C312FF8ACFAD5EFB8" bold="true" box="[1368,1391,1908,1929]" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">23</emphasis>
) lateral view; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC9FA7C37E1F853FC17EF91" bold="true" box="[918,941,1931,1952]" pageId="10" pageNumber="139">24</emphasis>
) dorsal view. Georgia: Abastumani Observatory, 2010.08.27-JH21
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2C08A8FFC8FA7D34C9F8B7FE99EF83" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" startId="11.[190,254,1903,1925]" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFC8FA7D34C9F8B7FE99EF83" blockId="11.[189,802,1903,1970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC8FA7D34C9F8B7FEF8EFB5" bold="true" box="[190,322,1903,1925]" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">Figure 25–27</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC8FA7D3525F8B7FDAFEFB5" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1855" box="[338,533,1903,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gredleri">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC8FA7D3525F8B7FDAFEFB5" box="[338,533,1903,1924]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">Leptothorax gredleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC8FA7D3659F8B7FDFFEFB5" bold="true" box="[558,581,1903,1924]" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">25</emphasis>
) head in dorsal view; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC8FA7D34B2F85EFF66EFAA" bold="true" box="[197,220,1926,1947]" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">26</emphasis>
) lateral view; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC8FA7D351BF85EFE39EFAA" bold="true" box="[364,387,1926,1947]" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">27</emphasis>
) dorsal view. Germany: Trebsen-0.36 km E, 2012.06.07
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2C08A8FFC8FA7D374FF8A9FC5EEF85" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" startId="11.[824,897,1905,1927]" targetBox="[189,1436,448,1891]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFC8FA7D374FF8A9FC5EEF85" blockId="11.[824,1437,1905,1973]" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC8FA7D374FF8A9FC78EFB6" bold="true" box="[824,962,1905,1927]" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">Figures 28–30</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFC8FA7D37B8F8AAFB19EFB6" box="[975,1187,1906,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscorum">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC8FA7D37B8F8AAFB19EFB6" box="[975,1187,1906,1927]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">Leptothorax muscorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC8FA7D30CEF8AAFB6AEFB6" bold="true" box="[1209,1232,1906,1927]" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">28</emphasis>
) head in dorsal view; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC8FA7D3748F850FCECEFAC" bold="true" box="[831,854,1928,1949]" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">29</emphasis>
) lateral view; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFC8FA7D3783F850FBB1EFAC" bold="true" box="[1012,1035,1928,1949]" pageId="11" pageNumber="140">30</emphasis>
) dorsal view. Germany: Dubring-2.6 km NNW, 2012.07.21.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2C08A8FFCFFA7A3765FD0EFB7DEB2B" pageId="12" pageNumber="141" startId="12.[786,859,726,748]" targetBox="[151,1398,238,699]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCFFA7A3765FD0EFB7DEB2B" blockId="12.[786,1399,726,794]" pageId="12" pageNumber="141">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCFFA7A3765FD0EFC27EADA" bold="true" box="[786,925,726,748]" pageId="12" pageNumber="141">Figures 31–33</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCFFA7A37DBFD0FFBC3EADD" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2023" box="[940,1145,727,748]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="141" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibeticum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCFFA7A37DBFD0FFBC3EADD" box="[940,1145,727,748]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="141">Leptothorax tibeticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2143949FFCFFA7A30F4FD0FFB0AEADD" box="[1155,1200,727,748]" pageId="12" pageNumber="141" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCFFA7A3153FD0EFA81EADA" bold="true" box="[1316,1339,726,747]" pageId="12" pageNumber="141">31</emphasis>
) head in dorsal view; (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCFFA7A37DDFD35FC7BEB33" bold="true" box="[938,961,749,770]" pageId="12" pageNumber="141">32</emphasis>
) lateral view (flipped horizontally); (
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCFFA7A316DFD35FA8BEB33" bold="true" box="[1306,1329,749,770]" pageId="12" pageNumber="141">33</emphasis>
) dorsal view. China: Heimahe-4.4 km SSE, 2011.07.26.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCEFA7B34CAFF2AFDE8E9BC" blockId="13.[189,802,241,792]" pageId="13" pageNumber="142">mesosoma more strongly rugulose. Head, mesosoma, waist and gaster with rather long setae which do not taper from base to apex (PnHL/CS 0.146). Head and gaster dark to blackish brown. Mesosoma, waist, all appendages and mandibles light yellowish brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCEFA7B34A3FE4EFEC0EA85" blockId="13.[189,802,241,792]" pageId="13" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCEFA7B34A3FE4EFE6AE99F" bold="true" box="[212,464,406,430]" pageId="13" pageNumber="142">Taxonomic comments</emphasis>
. As a combination of bulging frontal carinae, characteristic petiole profile and several morphometric differences not to confuse with any known Palaearctic species. Following the available descriptions, the East Siberian
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCEFA7B35F7FDC2FDA4EA00" box="[384,542,538,561]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="142">
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCEFA7B35F7FDC2FDB6EA00" authorityName="KuznetzovUgamsky" authorityYear="1928" box="[384,524,538,561]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Leptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="142" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oceanicus">L. oceanicus</taxonomicName>
s
</emphasis>
hould be well separable by the almost linear anterior and posterior slopes of petiole node, forming in lateral view an acute angle, by the broader subpetiolar process and by the sparser setae on all body parts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3490BABFFCEFA7B34A3FD66FDA9EB29" pageId="13" pageNumber="142" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCEFA7B34A3FD66FDA9EB29" blockId="13.[189,802,241,792]" pageId="13" pageNumber="142">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCEFA7B34A3FD66FE90EAE7" bold="true" box="[212,298,702,726]" pageId="13" pageNumber="142">Biology</emphasis>
. Unknown. The five samples were collected on short-grassy high-altitude pastures or in ecotones between pasture and woodland.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="E0BDCA4EEC55CCF2554C6923621062C1">Two new species of Formicoxenus Mayr 1855 and Leptothorax Mayr 1855 from Tibet (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03FAE936FFCBFA7E375EFF29FB98EE7F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193106" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13193106" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FAE936FFCBFA7E375EFF29FB98EE7F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FAE936FFCBFA7E375EFF29FB98EE7F" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
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<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCBFA7E375EFF29FBCCE93B" blockId="8.[809,1142,241,266]" box="[809,1142,241,266]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
<heading id="D0A4EF4CFFCBFA7E375EFF29FBCCE93B" box="[809,1142,241,266]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E375EFF29FBCCE93B" bold="true" box="[809,1142,241,266]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCBFA7E375EFF29FB8DE938" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2023" box="[809,1079,241,265]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gebaueri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E375EFF29FB8DE938" bold="true" box="[809,1079,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Formicoxenus gebaueri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3490BABFFCBFA7E375EFEEBFAD4E97A" box="[809,1390,307,331]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCBFA7E375EFEEBFAD4E97A" blockId="8.[786,1399,307,1614]" box="[809,1390,307,331]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Etymology: dedicated to the collector Axel Gebauer.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3490BABFFCBFA7E375EFE8CFC4CE9DE" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCBFA7E375EFE8CFC6CE95D" blockId="8.[786,1399,307,1614]" box="[809,982,340,364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E375EFE8CFC6CE95D" bold="true" box="[809,982,340,364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Type material:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCBFA7E375EFEADFC4CE9DE" blockId="8.[786,1399,307,1614]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
<materialsCitation id="3B3B527DFFCBFA7E375EFEADFC4CE9DE" collectingDate="1996-05-30" collectorName="Gerollhang. A. Gebauer" country="China" elevation="2600" latitude="36.82" location="Beishan Nat. Park" longLatPrecision="711" longitude="102.53" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-worker="7" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54E8E682FFCBFA7E375EFEADFC35E9BC" box="[809,911,373,397]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="9D5593A9FFCBFA7E37A2FEAEFB00E9BC" box="[981,1210,373,398]" count="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="worker" typeStatus="paratype">7 paratype workers</specimenCount>
from the same nest labelled ‘
<collectingCountry id="F34418B0FFCBFA7E37CBFE4EFBA1E99F" box="[956,1051,406,430]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">CHINA</collectingCountry>
:
<geoCoordinate id="EE673EE7FFCBFA7E3047FE4EFB36E99F" box="[1072,1164,406,430]" degrees="36.82" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" precision="555" value="36.82">36.82°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE673EE7FFCBFA7E30D5FE4EFAB2E99F" box="[1186,1288,406,430]" degrees="102.53" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" precision="555" value="102.53">102.53°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<location id="8E8C0EFBFFCBFA7E3169FE4EFC3AE9FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FAE936FFCBFA7E375EFF29FB98EE7F:8E8C0EFBFFCBFA7E3169FE4EFC3AE9FE" country="China" latitude="36.82" longLatPrecision="711" longitude="102.53" name="Beishan Nat. Park" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Beishan Nat. Park</location>
,
<quantity id="4CABF5C5FFCBFA7E37F8FE6FFC53E9FF" box="[911,1001,439,463]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="2600.0">
<elevation id="007EBF13FFCBFA7E37F8FE6FFC53E9FF" box="[911,1001,439,463]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, Picea-Pinus-Wald,
<collectorName id="26A63DF6FFCBFA7E30B9FE6FFCD5E9C1" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Geröllhang. A. Gebauer</collectorName>
<date id="FFED7EE0FFCBFA7E3701FE0FFC48E9DE" box="[886,1010,471,495]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" value="1996-05-30">
<collectingDate id="EFA98708FFCBFA7E3701FE0FFC48E9DE" box="[886,1010,471,495]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" value="1996-05-30">1996.05.30</collectingDate>
</date>
’
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3490BABFFCBFA7E375EFE20FB0DEDFB" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCBFA7E375EFE20FB7AED17" blockId="8.[786,1399,307,1614]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E375EFE20FC20EA21" bold="true" box="[809,922,504,528]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: --Worker (
<figureCitation id="136844A5FFCBFA7E306BFE20FB2CEA20" box="[1052,1174,504,529]" captionStart="Figure 14–17" captionStartId="9.[190,254,1204,1226]" captionTargetBox="[190,1437,227,1177]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 14–17: Formicoxenus gebaueri n.sp., holotype; (14) head in dorsal view; (15) lateral view (flipped horizontally); (16) dorsal view; (17) dorsolateral view on eye. China: Beishan National Park, 1995.05.30" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Figs 14–17</figureCitation>
, key). Numeric data given are arithmetic means based on measurement of
<specimenCount id="9D5593A9FFCBFA7E3765FDE2FC18EA63" box="[786,930,570,594]" count="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
(for standard deviation, minimum and maximum values see
<tableCitation id="C6D16D9BFFCBFA7E3079FD83FBEFEA42" box="[1038,1109,603,627]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[189,242,246,267]" captionText="Table 1. Measurements of workers of the genera Leptothorax and Formicoxenus. Data are given in the sequence arithmetic mean ± standard deviation [minimum, maximum]." pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
). Medium-sized, CS 738 µm.Head elongated, CL/CW 1.253. Genae in dorsal view nearly parallel. Median third of anterior margin of clypeus and hind margin of vertex in dorsal view straight. Frons narrower than in
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCBFA7E30FEFD07FAB3EAC6" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[1161,1289,735,759]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E30FEFD07FAB3EAC6" box="[1161,1289,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">F. sibiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FRS/CS 0.432), scape slightly shorter (SL/CS 0.712. Eye very small, EYE/CS 0.164. Dorsal profile of promesonotum and propodeum slightly convex, metanotal depression moderately deep (MGr/CS 2.95 %). Spines rather short and acute (SP/CS 0.153), their bases moderately distant (SPBA/CS 0.289). Petiole with strong anterolateral corners, in profile without peduncle and with a less broad subpetiolar lobe. Postpetiolar sternite with a well-developed spine. All surfaces of head, mesosoma, waist and appendages matt due to a reticulate microsculpture. Dorsal vertex strongly longitudinally carinulate-rugulose. Gaster smooth and shiny but in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCBFA7E3765FB53FC22EC93" baseAuthorityName="Forel" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[786,920,1162,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sibiricus">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E3765FB53FC22EC93" box="[786,920,1162,1186]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">F. sibiricus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with subdecumbent to semierect setae. Head, mesosoma, waist, and gaster with long (PnHL/ CS 0.128) setae, tapering apicad (
<figureCitation id="136844A5FFCBFA7E30EBFB14FB54ECD5" box="[1180,1262,1228,1252]" captionStart="Figure 14–17" captionStartId="9.[190,254,1204,1226]" captionTargetBox="[190,1437,227,1177]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 14–17: Formicoxenus gebaueri n.sp., holotype; (14) head in dorsal view; (15) lateral view (flipped horizontally); (16) dorsal view; (17) dorsolateral view on eye. China: Beishan National Park, 1995.05.30" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
) and round in cross-section. Color of head, mesosoma, waist and gaster homogenously yellowish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC5820FFCBFA7E375EFAF6FB0DEDFB" blockId="8.[786,1399,307,1614]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E375EFAF6FB96ED76" bold="true" box="[809,1068,1326,1351]" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Taxonomic comments</emphasis>
. As a combination of long, tapering setae, well-developed sculpture on head, mesosoma, waist and appendages and narrower frons,
<taxonomicName id="4C5323A3FFCBFA7E3765FA4AFBA4ED98" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2023" box="[786,1054,1425,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formicoxenus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gebaueri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E3765FA4AFBA4ED98" box="[786,1054,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Formicoxenus gebaueri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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is unmistakable among the Palaearctic
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species.
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. The
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sample was collected below a stone within a
<emphasis id="B9278432FFCBFA7E3703FA2DFC41EE3D" box="[884,1019,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="137">Picea-Pinus</emphasis>
forest on a slope with rubble. The host species was an undescribed species of the subgenus
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Forel 1913
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.
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Sporulated oocysts are elongately ellipsoidal, 14.5 × 24.5 (23–24.5 × 13–15, N = 25); shape index (length/ width ratio) 1.7 (1.6–1.75). Oocyst wall bi-layered, 1 (0.8–1.5, N = 25). Micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent. One irregularly-shaped polar granule is present, about 1 × 2.0. Sporocysts are elongate ellipsoidal, slightly asymmetrical, cramped on one pole, 8.5 × 15.9 (14.5–16.5 × 7–9, N = 25), with smooth, single layered wall; shape index 2.1 (1.7–2.2). Stieda body is present, dome-like, 1.3 high × 1.5 wide (1.0–1.2 × 1.5–1.6, N = 15) (
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<figureCitation id="1A902A52A9452A04FCC8585D48E5FB9A" box="[864,936,1116,1143]" captionStart="Figs 1–3" captionStartId="2.[132,175,703,725]" captionTargetBox="[125,1463,223,662]" captionTargetId="figure-6@2.[125,1463,223,662]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–3. Nomarski interference contrast micrographs of sporulated oocysts of I. courtoisi isolated from the faeces of Dryonastes courtoisi. Note distinct elongated sporozoite refractile bodies (asterisk), polar granule (arrowhead) and globular substieda body (arrow); all in the same scale. Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13193088/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), substieda body is spherical 1.8 × 2.4 (1.7– 1.9 × 2.3–2.6, N = 15). Sporocyst residuum is scattered, composed of numerous small granules, smaller than 1 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="1A902A52A9452A04FBA758C54F1AFB32" box="[1039,1111,1220,1247]" captionStart="Figs 1–3" captionStartId="2.[132,175,703,725]" captionTargetBox="[125,1463,223,662]" captionTargetId="figure-6@2.[125,1463,223,662]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–3. Nomarski interference contrast micrographs of sporulated oocysts of I. courtoisi isolated from the faeces of Dryonastes courtoisi. Note distinct elongated sporozoite refractile bodies (asterisk), polar granule (arrowhead) and globular substieda body (arrow); all in the same scale. Scale bar: 10 µm." pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1A902A52A9452A04FBA758C54F1AFB32" box="[1039,1111,1220,1247]" captionStart="Figs 1–3" captionStartId="2.[132,175,703,725]" captionTargetBox="[125,1463,223,662]" captionTargetId="figure-6@2.[125,1463,223,662]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–3. Nomarski interference contrast micrographs of sporulated oocysts of I. courtoisi isolated from the faeces of Dryonastes courtoisi. Note distinct elongated sporozoite refractile bodies (asterisk), polar granule (arrowhead) and globular substieda body (arrow); all in the same scale. Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193088" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13193088/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Sporozoites are elongated, slightly curved, each with two refractile bodies. Anterior refractile body is spherical 1.8 × 2.4 (1.8 × 2.4–2.5, N = 10); the posterior one is elongate 2.7 × 4.8 (4.5–4.9 × 2.6–2.8, N = 10) (
<figureCitation id="1A902A52A9452A04FB8C594E4F3DFA84" box="[1060,1136,1359,1385]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[132,167,1540,1562]" captionTargetBox="[223,725,896,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[184,727,871,1567]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 4. Composite line drawing of sporulated oocyst of I. courtoisi. Scale bar: 10 µm." pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="1A902A52A9452A04FB8C594E4F3DFA84" box="[1060,1136,1359,1385]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[132,167,1540,1562]" captionTargetBox="[223,725,896,1534]" captionTargetId="figure-51@2.[184,727,871,1567]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 4. Composite line drawing of sporulated oocyst of I. courtoisi. Scale bar: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193090" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13193090/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="100">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). The nuclei of the sporozoites were not well discernible.
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<emphasis id="B0DFEAC5A9462A07FF2C5EBE4B92FD39" bold="true" box="[132,223,703,725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Figs 1–3.</emphasis>
Nomarski interference contrast micrographs of sporulated oocysts of
@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ isolated from the faeces of
. Note distinct elongated sporozoite refractile bodies (asterisk), polar granule (arrowhead) and globular substieda body (arrow); all in the same scale. Scale bar: 10 µm.
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<emphasis id="B0DFEAC5A9462A07FF2C5A054B89F9F4" bold="true" box="[132,196,1540,1562]" pageId="2" pageNumber="101">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
Composite line drawing of sporulated oocyst of

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<mods:title id="8812EDB739B64F72467386A600950F0D">Scopaeus saotomensis spec. nov., a flightless rove beetle from the Island of São Tomé (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Lathrobiini) - Isolation and adaptation in a dark, humid, tropical forest environment</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9E45D7D6D58A69A7D84E493D4426313E">Frisch, Johannes</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FC4905F4098E28580C03B3BD01DC378D">Center for Integrative Biodiversity Discovery, MUseUm für NatUrKUnde Berlin, Leibniz-InstitUte for EvolUtion and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C7034B7287D6AF3638221404DB0C0D38">Turner, Clive R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="804DA999DF78BE7912DDDE46973B9D98">Department of Life Sciences, The NatUral History MUseUm, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6386 - 8542</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BB4C443F7832BEE42679FE910F2E7250">Aristophanous, Marios</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E8B4C828B721F97E9CDB21F885F12BFD">Department of Life Sciences, The NatUral History MUseUm, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6386 - 8542 &amp; African NatUral History Research TrUst, Street CoUrt, Kingsland, Leominster, HR 6 9 QA, United Kingdom https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2602 - 9560</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="1033CDA8CCD7623FBE9FF4FA8D03149F">Soil Organisms</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="43D844AD6559D47340A35156F8AAD898">
<mods:date id="70A3EF780B188856F8AB8C7DC425FE8D">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="70CFBA517F0E729B905F7FC9CFE834E9">2024-08-01</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="99B77137F24401A45EDA849845A38484" type="ISSN">2509-9523</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="22678783FF94FFF045E5FD6E8CB6FDDE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193008" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13193008" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:22678783FF94FFF045E5FD6E8CB6FDDE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/22678783FF94FFF045E5FD6E8CB6FDDE" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">
<subSubSection id="E2D4651EFF94FFF245E5FD6E8FFEFD3A" box="[174,660,667,694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AA713695FF94FFF245E5FD6E8FFEFD3A" blockId="4.[174,660,667,726]" box="[174,660,667,694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">
<heading id="F13981F9FF94FFF245E5FD6E8FFEFD3A" box="[174,660,667,694]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="6DCE4D16FF94FFF245E5FD6E8F7BFD39" authority="Frisch" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Turner &amp; Aristophanous" authorityYear="2024" box="[174,529,667,693]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saotomensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="98BAEA87FF94FFF245E5FD6E8F7BFD39" bold="true" box="[174,529,667,693]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="98BAEA87FF94FFF245E5FD6E8CD0FD39" bold="true" box="[174,442,667,693]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Scopaeus saotomensis</emphasis>
Frisch
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="838957FCFF94FFF2476BFD698FFEFD3A" box="[544,660,668,694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E2D4651EFF94FFF245E5FD498C5CFD5A" box="[174,310,700,726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" type="description">
<paragraph id="AA713695FF94FFF245E5FD498C5CFD5A" blockId="4.[174,660,667,726]" box="[174,310,700,726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">
(
<figureCitation id="32F52A10FF94FFF245FDFD498C47FD5A" box="[182,301,700,726]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figures 2–4" captionStart-2="Figures 5–10" captionStartId-0="1.[824,888,1931,1953]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,226,1908,1930]" captionStartId-2="3.[189,262,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox-0="[838,1417,697,1873]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1397,238,1878]" captionTargetBox-2="[250,1380,430,1807]" captionTargetId-0="figure-548@1.[821,1439,682,1911]" captionTargetId-1="figure-75@2.[151,1400,225,1887]" captionTargetId-2="figure-207@3.[189,1436,420,1845]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="Figure 1. Habitus of Scopaeus saotomensis, holotype, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe, São Tomé, Lagoa Amelia." captionText-1="Figures 2–4. Scopaeus saotomensis, lateral aspect exhibiting basal depressions of abdominal tergites (upper arrows), basal constrictions of abdominal sternites (lower arrows), and stridular file on dorsolateral surface of metaventrite (2); enlarged view of stridular file (3); plectral ridges on posterior surface of base of mesothoracic leg (4)." captionText-2="Figures 5–10. Scopaeus saotomensis, holotype, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe, São Tomé, Lagoa Amelia; aedeagus in lateral (5), ventral (6), dorsal (7) view;abdominal sternite VII (8); abdominal sternite VIII in ventral (9) andlateral (10)view.Abbreviations: dl – distal lobes (apical lobes and dorsal lobe not distinguishable), f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobes, mf – median foramen, mtf – median tooth of flagellum, p – parameres, sl – groups of setae of lateral lobes, sp – setae of phallobase, vdl – ventrodextral, lobiform enlargement of distal lobes, vl – ventral lobe." pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Figs 1–10</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2D4651EFF94FFF245DCFCF58F53FCF6" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AA713695FF94FFF245DCFCF58F53FCF6" blockId="4.[151,764,767,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="98BAEA87FF94FFF245DCFCF58C3BFC9B" bold="true" box="[151,337,767,792]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Type specimen:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="1AA63CC8FF94FFF24415FCF58F53FCF6" collectingDate="2018-01-26" collectorName="Aristophanous &amp; Lima &amp; Miles &amp; Turner." country="Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe, Sao Tome" elevation="1475" latitude="0.27519447" location="Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe, Sao Tome" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="6.592" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="75758837FF94FFF24415FCF58CA8FC94" box="[350,450,768,792]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="BCC8FD1CFF94FFF2449BFCF58C8EFC9B" box="[464,484,768,791]" count="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="D2D97605FF94FFF244BCFCF58F2DFCB5" isEnumeration="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe, São Tomé</collectingCountry>
, Lagoa Amelia (
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,
<geoCoordinate id="CFFA5052FF94FFF2447DFCB48CD3FCD5" box="[310,441,833,857]" degrees="6" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" precision="1" seconds="31.2" value="6.592">6°35’31.2”E</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="6D369B70FF94FFF2449AFCB48F4CFCD5" box="[465,550,833,857]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.475" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="1475.0">
<elevation id="21E3D1A6FF94FFF2449AFCB48F4CFCD5" box="[465,550,833,857]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.475" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="1475.0">1475 m</elevation>
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, 18.-
<date id="DE701055FF94FFF24713FCB48FAFFCD5" box="[600,709,833,857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" value="2018-01-26">
<collectingDate id="CE34E9BDFF94FFF24713FCB48FAFFCD5" box="[600,709,833,857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" value="2018-01-26">26.1.2018</collectingDate>
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, leg.
<collectorName id="073B5343FF94FFF245DCFC978C53FCF6" box="[151,313,866,890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Aristophanous</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="073B5343FF94FFF24408FC978C15FCF6" box="[323,383,866,890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Lima</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="073B5343FF94FFF244C1FC978CADFCF6" box="[394,455,866,890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Miles</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="073B5343FF94FFF244A1FC968F53FCF6" box="[490,569,867,890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Turner.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2D4651EFF94FFF245E5FC7689E5F9C2" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" type="description">
<paragraph id="AA713695FF94FFF245E5FC7689E9FEE0" blockId="4.[151,764,767,1975]" lastBlockId="4.[786,1400,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="98BAEA87FF94FFF245E5FC768C55FC17" bold="true" box="[174,319,899,923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Description:</emphasis>
Habitus and coloring as in
<figureCitation id="32F52A10FF94FFF2473FFC768FD9FC17" box="[628,691,899,923]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[824,888,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[838,1417,697,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-548@1.[821,1439,682,1911]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of Scopaeus saotomensis, holotype, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe, São Tomé, Lagoa Amelia." pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
. Body colour unicolorous medium brown with maxillary palpi and legs slightly lighter brown; antennae with scapus and pedicellus medium brown; antennae from blackish median segments gradually lighter towards light brown segment 11. Body surface with short, decumbent pubescence, coarsely and densely punctate with punctures of elytra about twice the diameter of punctures of head and pronotum; microreticulation absent. Head subcircular with posterior angles broadly rounded towards slightly concave posterior margin. Macrophthalmous with eyes about 0.7 times as long as tempora. Antennal segments elongate; penultimate segment 1.2 times as long as wide. Micropterous, with elytra short and narrow, about 0.7 times as long as pronotum and 0.9 times as wide as head, fused at suture, with broadly rounded humeral angles and shallow, transverse depression in anterior half; metathoracic wings vestigial. Mesotibia strongly thickened. Stridular file contiguous with submarginal ridge of metaventrite, occupying about anterior two thirds of submarginal ridge, and curved dorsad at posterior end (
<figureCitation id="32F52A10FF94FFF247CEF9C38F87F9C2" box="[645,749,1590,1614]" captionStart="Figures 2–4" captionStartId="2.[151,226,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[151,1397,238,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-75@2.[151,1400,225,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 2–4. Scopaeus saotomensis, lateral aspect exhibiting basal depressions of abdominal tergites (upper arrows), basal constrictions of abdominal sternites (lower arrows), and stridular file on dorsolateral surface of metaventrite (2); enlarged view of stridular file (3); plectral ridges on posterior surface of base of mesothoracic leg (4)." pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Figs 2, 3</figureCitation>
); cluster of six, subparallel plectral ridges situated in dorsal half of posterior surface of mesofemur and touching dorsal femoral margin; plectral ridges almost straight and parallel to dorsal femoral margin, becoming less prominent and shorter from dorsal femoral margin towards middle of mesofemoral width (
<figureCitation id="32F52A10FF94FFF245D4F8E98D89F8B8" box="[159,227,1820,1844]" captionStart="Figures 2–4" captionStartId="2.[151,226,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[151,1397,238,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-75@2.[151,1400,225,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 2–4. Scopaeus saotomensis, lateral aspect exhibiting basal depressions of abdominal tergites (upper arrows), basal constrictions of abdominal sternites (lower arrows), and stridular file on dorsolateral surface of metaventrite (2); enlarged view of stridular file (3); plectral ridges on posterior surface of base of mesothoracic leg (4)." pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Metakatepisternal processes longer than wide, apically acute. Abdominal tergites III-VI with deep, transverse, basal depression in about proximal half of sternite length with scabrous surface sculpture clearly separated from regularly punctate distal half of tergites (
<figureCitation id="32F52A10FF94FFF24651FF048E03FE86" box="[794,873,241,266]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[824,888,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[838,1417,697,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-548@1.[821,1439,682,1911]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of Scopaeus saotomensis, holotype, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe, São Tomé, Lagoa Amelia." pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="32F52A10FF94FFF246CAFF078EFAFE86" box="[897,912,242,266]" captionStart="Figures 2–4" captionStartId="2.[151,226,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[151,1397,238,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-75@2.[151,1400,225,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 2–4. Scopaeus saotomensis, lateral aspect exhibiting basal depressions of abdominal tergites (upper arrows), basal constrictions of abdominal sternites (lower arrows), and stridular file on dorsolateral surface of metaventrite (2); enlarged view of stridular file (3); plectral ridges on posterior surface of base of mesothoracic leg (4)." pageId="4" pageNumber="73">2</figureCitation>
); abdominal sternites IV-VI with deep, transverse, basal constriction (
<figureCitation id="32F52A10FF94FFF2412BFEE789CEFEA6" box="[1120,1188,274,298]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[824,888,1931,1953]" captionTargetBox="[838,1417,697,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-548@1.[821,1439,682,1911]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of Scopaeus saotomensis, holotype, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe, São Tomé, Lagoa Amelia." pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="32F52A10FF94FFF241FBFEE789D5FEA6" box="[1200,1215,274,298]" captionStart="Figures 2–4" captionStartId="2.[151,226,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[151,1397,238,1878]" captionTargetId="figure-75@2.[151,1400,225,1887]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figures 2–4. Scopaeus saotomensis, lateral aspect exhibiting basal depressions of abdominal tergites (upper arrows), basal constrictions of abdominal sternites (lower arrows), and stridular file on dorsolateral surface of metaventrite (2); enlarged view of stridular file (3); plectral ridges on posterior surface of base of mesothoracic leg (4)." pageId="4" pageNumber="73">2</figureCitation>
); palisade fringe absent from abdominal tergite VII. Total body length
<quantity id="6D369B70FF94FFF24659FEA18E02FEE0" box="[786,872,340,364]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
; forebody length
<quantity id="6D369B70FF94FFF24161FEA18915FEE0" box="[1066,1151,340,364]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA713695FF94FFF24662FE8089A6FD39" blockId="4.[786,1400,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">
Male: Abdominal sternite VII posterior of transverse basal ridge with shallow depression in median third of width, triangular emargination in median third of posterior tenth and short, narrow, ventroposteriad pointing, distally widened, median process with truncate end projecting from posterior emargination (
<figureCitation id="32F52A10FF94FFF2406AFDEC8803FDBE" box="[1313,1385,537,562]" captionStart="Figures 5–10" captionStartId="3.[189,262,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1380,430,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-207@3.[189,1436,420,1845]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 5–10. Scopaeus saotomensis, holotype, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe, São Tomé, Lagoa Amelia; aedeagus in lateral (5), ventral (6), dorsal (7) view;abdominal sternite VII (8); abdominal sternite VIII in ventral (9) andlateral (10)view.Abbreviations: dl – distal lobes (apical lobes and dorsal lobe not distinguishable), f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobes, mf – median foramen, mtf – median tooth of flagellum, p – parameres, sl – groups of setae of lateral lobes, sp – setae of phallobase, vdl – ventrodextral, lobiform enlargement of distal lobes, vl – ventral lobe." pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Abdominal sternite VIII in about posterior half with strong, transverse depression convexly curved towards transverse basal ridge, in posterior ninth with short, wide, bisinuate emargination (
<figureCitation id="32F52A10FF94FFF24111FD6889AAFD39" box="[1114,1216,669,693]" captionStart="Figures 5–10" captionStartId="3.[189,262,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1380,430,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-207@3.[189,1436,420,1845]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 5–10. Scopaeus saotomensis, holotype, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe, São Tomé, Lagoa Amelia; aedeagus in lateral (5), ventral (6), dorsal (7) view;abdominal sternite VII (8); abdominal sternite VIII in ventral (9) andlateral (10)view.Abbreviations: dl – distal lobes (apical lobes and dorsal lobe not distinguishable), f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobes, mf – median foramen, mtf – median tooth of flagellum, p – parameres, sl – groups of setae of lateral lobes, sp – setae of phallobase, vdl – ventrodextral, lobiform enlargement of distal lobes, vl – ventral lobe." pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Fig. 9, 10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA713695FF94FFF24662FD4B8992FACA" blockId="4.[786,1400,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">
Aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="32F52A10FF94FFF246EFFD4B896FFD5A" box="[932,1029,702,726]" captionStart="Figures 5–10" captionStartId="3.[189,262,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[250,1380,430,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-207@3.[189,1436,420,1845]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figures 5–10. Scopaeus saotomensis, holotype, República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe, São Tomé, Lagoa Amelia; aedeagus in lateral (5), ventral (6), dorsal (7) view;abdominal sternite VII (8); abdominal sternite VIII in ventral (9) andlateral (10)view.Abbreviations: dl – distal lobes (apical lobes and dorsal lobe not distinguishable), f – flagellum, ll – lateral lobes, mf – median foramen, mtf – median tooth of flagellum, p – parameres, sl – groups of setae of lateral lobes, sp – setae of phallobase, vdl – ventrodextral, lobiform enlargement of distal lobes, vl – ventral lobe." pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Figs 5–7</figureCitation>
) about
<quantity id="6D369B70FF94FFF2411CFD4B89C0FD59" box="[1111,1194,702,726]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
long. Apical lobes and dorsal lobe not distinguishable in the microscopic image, seemingly fused to asymmetrical, narrow, somewhat dextrad curved distal lobe with round apex and large, irregularly convex, ventrodextral, lobiform enlargement at base. Flagellum long, reaching distal fourth of length of distal lobe, slightly running left in proximal half but in distal half strongly curved dextrad with bidentate end owing to sinistral widening over entire length of flagellum ending in long, thin, second apical tooth; additional, apicad pointing tooth seemingly projecting in middle of length of flagellum. Ventral lobe short, with thin, acutely ended, hook-shaped spine pointing proximad. Lateral lobes asymmetrical, each bearing group of long, ventrally pointing setae; dextral lateral lobe reduced; sinistral lateral lobe lobiform, projecting from phallobase. Apical portion of phallobase with additional, isolated, ventral bristles. Median foramen somewhat transverse, limited laterally by strongly sclerotised, vestigial parameres.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA713695FF94FFF24662FABA8E81FAEB" blockId="4.[786,1400,241,1975]" box="[809,1003,1359,1383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Female unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA713695FF94FFF24662FA8589E5F9C2" blockId="4.[786,1400,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="98BAEA87FF94FFF24662FA858EC2FA04" bold="true" box="[809,936,1392,1416]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Phylogeny:</emphasis>
The asymmetical apical portion of the aedeagus with dextrad curved distal lobes and flagellum, lateral lobes of unequal length and the long flagellum identify
<taxonomicName id="6DCE4D16FF94FFF24632FA26891CFA67" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Turner &amp; Aristophanous" authorityYear="2024" box="[889,1142,1491,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saotomensis">
<emphasis id="98BAEA87FF94FFF24632FA26891CFA67" box="[889,1142,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Scopaeus saotomensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as belonging to the
<taxonomicName id="6DCE4D16FF94FFF24659FA018EF0F980" authorityName="Wollaston" authorityYear="1867" box="[786,922,1524,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassipes">
<emphasis id="98BAEA87FF94FFF24659FA018EF0F980" box="[786,922,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">S. crassipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lineage of the
<taxonomicName id="6DCE4D16FF94FFF24113FA0189A7F980" authorityName="Sperk" authorityYear="1835" box="[1112,1229,1524,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="98BAEA87FF94FFF24113FA0189A7F980" box="[1112,1229,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">S. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group (
<bibRefCitation id="CE5F4B64FF94FFF24652F9E0896BF9A1" author="Frisch, J." box="[793,1025,1557,1581]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" pagination="27 - 53" refId="ref5817" refString="Frisch, J., D. Burckhardt &amp; V. Wolters (2002): Rove beetles of the subtribe Scopaeina Mulsant &amp; Rey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in the West Palaearctic: Phylogeny, biogeography and species catalogue. - Organisms, Diversity &amp; Evolution 2: 27 - 53." type="journal article" year="2002">Frisch et al. 2002: 37</bibRefCitation>
, 39), which is very speciose in the tropical and subtropical Old World.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2D4651EFF94FFF04662F9A38C06FE21" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AA713695FF94FFF24662F9A3892EF93C" blockId="4.[786,1400,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="98BAEA87FF94FFF24662F9A38ED5F9E2" bold="true" box="[809,959,1622,1646]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Distribution:</emphasis>
Due to its flightlessness,
<taxonomicName id="6DCE4D16FF94FFF24044F9A28EFCF903" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Turner &amp; Aristophanous" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saotomensis">
<emphasis id="98BAEA87FF94FFF24044F9A28EFCF903" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Scopaeus saotomensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is probably endemic to the island of
<collectingCountry id="D2D97605FF94FFF24005F9828E24F93C" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">São Tomé</collectingCountry>
in the Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="D2D97605FF94FFF246A6F96D8955F93C" box="[1005,1087,1688,1712]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA713695FF94FFF04662F94C8C06FE21" blockId="4.[786,1400,241,1975]" lastBlockId="6.[151,764,241,594]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="98BAEA87FF94FFF24662F94C89C3F95D" bold="true" box="[809,1193,1721,1745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Habitat and collecting method:</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="75758837FF94FFF241B9F94C883BF95D" box="[1266,1361,1721,1745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="6DCE4D16FF94FFF24659F92F896CF97E" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Turner &amp; Aristophanous" authorityYear="2024" box="[786,1030,1754,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saotomensis">
<emphasis id="98BAEA87FF94FFF24659F92F896CF97E" box="[786,1030,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Scopaeus saotomensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was captured in a pitfall trap set near the top of the southern ridge of Lagoa Amélia in an area of rainforest above the crater lake at an elevation of
<quantity id="6D369B70FF94FFF24659F8C98E09F8D8" box="[786,867,1852,1876]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.475" pageId="4" pageNumber="73" unit="m" value="1475.0">1475 m</quantity>
asl (
<figureCitation id="32F52A10FF94FFF246D7F8C88E81F8D9" box="[924,1003,1853,1877]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="5.[189,253,1954,1976]" captionTargetBox="[189,1436,240,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-16@5.[189,1439,240,1926]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 11. The pitfall trap (arrow) in situ at Lagoa Amélia illustrating the exact collecting spot for Scopaeus saotomensis." pageId="4" pageNumber="73">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). The unlidded and unbaited pitfall trap comprised of a plastic 0.5 L yoghurt pot set in the ground with the edge below the soil surface and partially filled with 100 ml of 50 % propan-1,2-diol and finished off with a generous shake of extra hot chilli powder to deter mammals. The trap was set for a period of six days. The rainforest was very wet and extremely humid, characteristic of the montane forests of
<collectingCountry id="D2D97605FF96FFF04710FEA18FA0FEE0" box="[603,714,340,364]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="6" pageNumber="75">São Tomé</collectingCountry>
and locally enhanced by the super-humid environment of the Lagoa Amélia area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="FEB1661DFF95FFF345F6F8578867F83B" box="[189,1293,1954,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74" startId="5.[189,253,1954,1976]" targetBox="[189,1436,240,1923]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="AA713695FF95FFF345F6F8578867F83B" blockId="5.[189,1293,1954,1976]" box="[189,1293,1954,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis id="98BAEA87FF95FFF345F6F8578C7DF83B" bold="true" box="[189,279,1954,1976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Figure 11</emphasis>
. The pitfall trap (arrow) in situ at Lagoa Amélia illustrating the exact collecting spot for
<taxonomicName id="6DCE4D16FF95FFF34177F857886DF83B" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Turner &amp; Aristophanous" authorityYear="2024" box="[1084,1287,1954,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saotomensis">
<emphasis id="98BAEA87FF95FFF34177F857886DF83B" box="[1084,1287,1954,1975]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="74">Scopaeus saotomensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="E2D4651EFF96FFF045E5FE428CB6FDDE" pageId="6" pageNumber="75" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="AA713695FF96FFF045E5FE428CB6FDDE" blockId="6.[151,764,241,594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="98BAEA87FF96FFF045E5FE428C5EFE43" bold="true" box="[174,308,439,463]" pageId="6" pageNumber="75">Etymology:</emphasis>
With the epithet
<taxonomicName id="6DCE4D16FF96FFF044B5FE428FE8FE42" authorityName="Frisch &amp; Turner &amp; Aristophanous" authorityYear="2024" box="[510,642,439,462]" class="Insecta" family="Staphylinidae" genus="Scopaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saotomensis">
<emphasis id="98BAEA87FF96FFF044B5FE428FE8FE42" box="[510,642,439,462]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="75">saotomensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(adjective, Latin, composed of the geographic name
<collectingCountry id="D2D97605FF96FFF0472BFE2D8FA6FE7C" box="[608,716,472,496]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="6" pageNumber="75">São Tomé</collectingCountry>
and the suffix –ensis, which indicates the geographical origin) reference is made to the island of
<collectingCountry id="D2D97605FF96FFF04747FDEF8F11FDBE" box="[524,635,538,562]" name="Sao Tome and Principe" pageId="6" pageNumber="75">São Tomé</collectingCountry>
, the area of discovery for the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

69
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<paragraph id="A30936C6BB5C6C25FC85C810418BA9F9" blockId="1.[801,1448,879,1254]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Sporulated oocysts are ellipsoidal, 21.3 × 16.9 (17– 24 × 15–18, N = 33); shape index (length/width ratio), 1.26 (1–1.44). Oocyst wall bi-layered, 0.9 (0.6–1.5, N = 33). Outer layer is thicker, 1.0, light brownish in color, slightly pitted externally; inner layer is 0.5. Micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent. Two irregularly-shaped polar granules were present, each about 1.5 × 2.0. Sporocysts are elongate ovoidal, slightly asymmetrical, cramped on one pole, 13.5 × 6.5 (11–16 × 6–7, N = 33), with smooth, single layered, colorless wall; shape index 1.09 (1.69–2.17). Stieda body is pres-</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="91C2EAD4BB5C6C25FFB7CC4B44F3AA56" bold="true" box="[117,208,1844,1865]" pageId="1" pageNumber="330">Figs 1–2.</emphasis>
Nomarski interference micrograph of oocyst of
@ -78,11 +79,11 @@ Microphotograph of mucosa of the jejunum showing macrogametocyte (white arrow).
</paragraph>
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ent, 1.3 high × 1.5 wide (1.0–1.2 × 1.5 –1.6, N = 15) (
<figureCitation id="3B8D2A43BB5F6C26FF47CA7F44EEAC05" box="[133,205,256,282]" captionStart="Figs 1–2" captionStartId="1.[117,160,1844,1865]" captionTargetBox="[120,1445,1403,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-473@1.[120,1445,1403,1799]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs 1–2. Nomarski interference micrograph of oocyst of Eimeria columbapalumbi n. sp. isolated from the feces; note Stieda body (Fig. 1, black arrow) and elongated sporozoite anterior refractile body (Fig. 2, asterisk)." pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3B8D2A43BB5F6C26FF47CA7F44EEAC05" box="[133,205,256,282]" captionStart="Figs 1–2" captionStartId="1.[117,160,1844,1865]" captionTargetBox="[120,1445,1403,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-473@1.[120,1445,1403,1799]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs 1–2. Nomarski interference micrograph of oocyst of Eimeria columbapalumbi n. sp. isolated from the feces; note Stieda body (Fig. 1, black arrow) and elongated sporozoite anterior refractile body (Fig. 2, asterisk)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13193020/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), substiedal body is absent. Sporocyst residuum is scattered, composed of hundreds of small granules (
<figureCitation id="3B8D2A43BB5F6C26FF47CA3A44E9AC40" box="[133,202,325,351]" captionStart="Figs 1–2" captionStartId="1.[117,160,1844,1865]" captionTargetBox="[120,1445,1403,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-473@1.[120,1445,1403,1799]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs 1–2. Nomarski interference micrograph of oocyst of Eimeria columbapalumbi n. sp. isolated from the feces; note Stieda body (Fig. 1, black arrow) and elongated sporozoite anterior refractile body (Fig. 2, asterisk)." pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3B8D2A43BB5F6C26FF47CA3A44E9AC40" box="[133,202,325,351]" captionStart="Figs 1–2" captionStartId="1.[117,160,1844,1865]" captionTargetBox="[120,1445,1403,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-473@1.[120,1445,1403,1799]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs 1–2. Nomarski interference micrograph of oocyst of Eimeria columbapalumbi n. sp. isolated from the feces; note Stieda body (Fig. 1, black arrow) and elongated sporozoite anterior refractile body (Fig. 2, asterisk)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13193020/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Sporozoites are elongate, slightly curved, each with two refractile bodies. Anterior refractile body is spherical 3.0 × 2.4 (3.0 × 2.4–2.5, N = 10); the posterior one is elongate 5.4 × 2.5 (5.3–5.5 × 2.3–2.5, N = 10) (
<figureCitation id="3B8D2A43BB5F6C26FF47CAAF44F1ACF5" box="[133,210,464,490]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[124,159,1844,1865]" captionTargetBox="[141,756,1255,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-215@2.[124,771,1247,1811]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 4. Composite line drawing of sporulated oocyst of Eimeria columbapalumbi n. sp." pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="3B8D2A43BB5F6C26FF47CAAF44F1ACF5" box="[133,210,464,490]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[124,159,1844,1865]" captionTargetBox="[141,756,1255,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-215@2.[124,771,1247,1811]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 4. Composite line drawing of sporulated oocyst of Eimeria columbapalumbi n. sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13193022/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). The nuclei of the sporozoites were not well discernible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A30936C6BB5F6C26FF60C96A46B1AF4D" blockId="2.[124,771,221,1114]" pageId="2" pageNumber="331">

558
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<mods:title id="D6854BE5AB86C266573C9DD76500B53D">A new species of Orobdella (Hirudinida, Arhynchobdellida, Orobdellidae) from the Tsukuba Mountains in Japan</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="82C287BA1F1350792247659F7CBDFA0F" box="[847,1200,1490,1515]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F1350792247659F7CBDFA0F" blockId="1.[847,1200,1490,1548]" box="[847,1200,1490,1515]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
<heading id="912F635D1F1350792247659F7CBDFA0F" box="[847,1200,1490,1515]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" reason="4">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F1350792247659F7CBDFA0F" bold="true" box="[847,1200,1490,1515]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
<taxonomicName id="0DD8AFB21F1350792247659F7C59FA0E" authorityName="Nakano" authorityYear="2021" box="[847,1108,1490,1514]" class="Clitellata" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montipumila" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F1350792247659F7C59FA0E" bold="true" box="[847,1108,1490,1514]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Orobdella montipumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E39FB5581F1350792553659E7CBDFA0F" box="[1115,1200,1491,1515]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="82C287BA1F135079224765B97BD3F9E8" box="[847,990,1524,1548]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="description">
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F135079224765B97BD3F9E8" blockId="1.[847,1200,1490,1548]" box="[847,990,1524,1548]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
(
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F135079225E65B97BDBF9E8" box="[854,982,1524,1548]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,215,446,468]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" captionStartId-2="3.[189,253,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1398,240,424]" captionTargetBox-1="[165,1379,518,1862]" captionTargetBox-2="[245,1384,225,1907]" captionTargetId-0="figure-69@2.[151,1398,240,424]" captionTargetId-1="figure-160@2.[151,1398,513,1866]" captionTargetId-2="figure-88@3.[189,1436,215,1910]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="Figure 1. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Dorsal view of live animal. (D) Live animal found curled up under a stone at the type locality. Scale bars: 5 mm (same bar for A and B)." captionText-1="Figure 2. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (B) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (C) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (D) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (E) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (F) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (G) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars:A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm." captionText-2="Figure 3. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of reproductive system, including ventral nervous system. (B) Dorsal view of male atrium including position of ganglion XI. (C) Left lateral view of male atrium. (D) Ventral view of male atrium. (E) Dorsal view of female reproductive system, including position of ganglion XIII. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="82C287BA1F135079224766787D1BF853" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F135079224766787D1BF853" blockId="1.[824,1437,1589,1975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F135079224766787BC8F9A9" bold="true" box="[847,965,1589,1613]" pageId="1" pageNumber="106">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body length of mature individuals reaching ca.
<quantity id="0D2079D41F135079226B661B7BACF98A" box="[867,929,1622,1646]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="106" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
. Somite IV uniannulate, somites VIII–XXV quadrannulate. Clitellum in somite XI b5 to somite XIII a2. Male gonopore slightly anterior to middle of, or in middle of somite XI b5, female gonopore slightly anterior to middle of, or in middle of somite XIII a1, behind gastropore, gonopores separated by 1/2 + 4 + 1/2 annuli. Pharynx reaching to somite XIV a1–a2. Gastropore conspicuous, slightly anterior to middle of, or in middle of somite XIII a1. Gastroporal duct bulbous. Paired epididymides in somites XVII–XX, occupying 7–11 annuli. Atrial cornua developed, ovate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="9EA784B91F10507A219F61F37C4AFE0E" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" startId="2.[151,215,446,468]" targetBox="[151,1398,240,424]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F10507A219F61F37C4AFE0E" blockId="2.[151,1399,446,491]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F10507A219F61F378E0FE37" bold="true" box="[151,237,446,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0DD8AFB21F10507A21FB61F379C4FE37" authorityName="Nakano" authorityYear="2021" box="[243,457,446,467]" class="Clitellata" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montipumila" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F10507A21FB61F379C4FE37" box="[243,457,446,467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Orobdella montipumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E39FB5581F10507A20C661F27A1AFE30" box="[462,535,447,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, KUZ Z3913. (
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F10507A23F561F37B00FE37" bold="true" box="[765,781,446,467]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">A</emphasis>
) Dorsal view. (
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F10507A229261F27BA4FE30" bold="true" box="[922,937,447,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">B</emphasis>
) Ventral view. (
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F10507A253361F37C46FE30" bold="true" box="[1083,1099,446,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">C</emphasis>
) Dorsal view of live animal. (
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F10507A245661F27D63FE30" bold="true" box="[1374,1390,447,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">D</emphasis>
) Live animal found curled up under a stone at the type locality. Scale bars: 5 mm (same bar for A and B).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9EA784B91F10507A219F671079D9F853" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" startId="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" targetBox="[165,1379,518,1862]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F10507A219F671079D9F853" blockId="2.[151,1400,1885,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F10507A219F671078E3F896" bold="true" box="[151,238,1885,1907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0DD8AFB21F10507A21FB671079C4F896" authorityName="Nakano" authorityYear="2021" box="[243,457,1885,1906]" class="Clitellata" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montipumila" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F10507A21FB671079C4F896" box="[243,457,1885,1906]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">Orobdella montipumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E39FB5581F10507A20C667137A1AF897" box="[462,535,1886,1907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, KUZ Z3913. (
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F10507A23F467107B01F896" bold="true" box="[764,780,1885,1906]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">A</emphasis>
) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F10507A253667137C40F897" bold="true" box="[1086,1101,1886,1907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">B</emphasis>
) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F10507A2197673978A2F86E" bold="true" box="[159,175,1908,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">C</emphasis>
) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F10507A23D567397AE0F86D" bold="true" box="[733,749,1908,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">D</emphasis>
) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F10507A241067397D2AF86D" bold="true" box="[1304,1319,1908,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">E</emphasis>
) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F10507A208A67C6799DF844" bold="true" box="[386,400,1931,1952]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">F</emphasis>
) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F10507A226F67C77B74F844" bold="true" box="[871,889,1930,1952]" pageId="2" pageNumber="107">G</emphasis>
) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars: A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9EA784B91F11507B21B567C47D52F828" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" startId="3.[189,253,1929,1951]" targetBox="[245,1384,225,1907]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F11507B21B567C47D52F828" blockId="3.[189,1437,1929,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F11507B21B567C4791BF87A" bold="true" box="[189,278,1929,1951]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0DD8AFB21F11507B201667C479F8F87A" authorityName="Nakano" authorityYear="2021" box="[286,501,1929,1950]" class="Clitellata" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montipumila" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F11507B201667C479F8F87A" box="[286,501,1929,1950]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">Orobdella montipumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E39FB5581F11507B20F567C47A45F87A" box="[509,584,1929,1950]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, KUZ Z3913. (
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F11507B223E67C47B4BF87A" bold="true" box="[822,838,1929,1950]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">A</emphasis>
) Dorsal view of reproductive system, including ventral nervous system. (
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F11507B200767ED7913F851" bold="true" box="[271,286,1952,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">B</emphasis>
) Dorsal view of male atrium including position of ganglion XI. (
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F11507B226667D27B73F851" bold="true" box="[878,894,1951,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">C</emphasis>
) Left lateral view of male atrium. (
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F11507B25C967ED7CDCF851" bold="true" box="[1217,1233,1952,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">D</emphasis>
) Ventral view of male atrium. (
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F11507B200367FB7917F82F" bold="true" box="[267,282,1974,1995]" pageId="3" pageNumber="108">E</emphasis>
) Dorsal view of female reproductive system, including position of ganglion XIII. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="82C287BA1F16507C21A660BF790EFCDC" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F16507C21A660BF790EFCDC" blockId="4.[151,764,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F16507C21A660BF7969FEED" bold="true" box="[174,356,241,266]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="7AB0DE6C1F16507C207060BC79A3FE4A" collectingDate="2019-05-22" collectionCode="KUZ, T" country="Japan" county="Nakano" elevation="520" latitude="36.23487" location="Onokawa" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="140.09947" municipality="Honshu island" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" specimenCode="Z3913" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ibaraki" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="15636A931F16507C207060BC79D2FEED" box="[376,479,241,265]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
<collectionCode id="ACC94CF41F16507C20FF60BF7A23FEED" box="[503,558,242,265]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n11d-rfwg" name="Zoological Collection of the Kyoto University" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">KUZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="9A7E7C4A1F16507C234B60BF7A8BFEEE" box="[579,646,242,266]" collectionCode="KUZ" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n11d-rfwg" name="Zoological Collection of the Kyoto University" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Z3913</specimenCode>
(
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C23AA60BC7AE1FEEE" box="[674,748,241,266]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[151,215,446,468]" captionTargetBox="[151,1398,240,424]" captionTargetId="figure-69@2.[151,1398,240,424]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Dorsal view of live animal. (D) Live animal found curled up under a stone at the type locality. Scale bars: 5 mm (same bar for A and B)." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), dissected, collected from under a stone along a mountain trail,
<location id="CF0782EA1F16507C21DB617E7930FEAF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:427165271F13507E2247659F79E5FE14:CF0782EA1F16507C21DB617E7930FEAF" box="[211,317,307,331]" country="Japan" county="Nakano" latitude="36.23487" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="140.09947" municipality="Honshu island" name="Onokawa" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Ibaraki">Onokawa</location>
,
<location id="CF0782EA1F16507C204161797AF5FEAF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:427165271F13507E2247659F79E5FE14:CF0782EA1F16507C204161797AF5FEAF" box="[329,760,307,331]" country="Japan" county="Nakano" latitude="36.23487" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="140.09947" municipality="Honshu island" name="Mt. Tsukubasan in Tsukuba Mountains" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Ibaraki">Mt. Tsukubasan in Tsukuba Mountains</location>
,
<location id="CF0782EA1F16507C219F61197912FE88" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:427165271F13507E2247659F79E5FE14:CF0782EA1F16507C219F61197912FE88" box="[151,287,340,364]" country="Japan" county="Nakano" latitude="36.23487" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="140.09947" municipality="Honshu island" name="Sakuragawa" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Ibaraki">Sakuragawa</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="081C1AD31F16507C203761197A14FE88" box="[319,537,340,364]" country="Japan" name="Ibaraki" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Ibaraki Prefecture</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingMunicipality id="2A034E4B1F16507C233461197AE2FE88" box="[572,751,340,364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Honshu island</collectingMunicipality>
),
<collectingCountry id="B2CF94A11F16507C219F613B78D9FE69" box="[151,212,374,397]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="AFECB2F61F16507C21E261387971FE69" box="[234,380,373,397]" degrees="36.234870" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" precision="1" value="36.23487">36.234870°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AFECB2F61F16507C208661387A2AFE69" box="[398,551,373,397]" degrees="140.099470" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" precision="1" value="140.09947">140.099470°E</geoCoordinate>
; elev.
<quantity id="0D2079D41F16507C237261387ACBFE69" box="[634,710,373,397]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="m" value="520.0">
<elevation id="41F533021F16507C237261387ACBFE69" box="[634,710,373,397]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="m" value="520.0">520 m</elevation>
</quantity>
), by
<collectionCode id="ACC94CF41F16507C219F61DB78A4FE49" box="[151,169,406,429]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectingCounty id="2306ACBD1F16507C21B861DB7909FE4A" box="[176,260,406,430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Nakano</collectingCounty>
on
<date id="BE66F2F11F16507C202E61DB79A3FE4A" box="[294,430,406,430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" value="2019-05-22">
<collectingDate id="AE220B191F16507C202E61DB79A3FE4A" box="[294,430,406,430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" value="2019-05-22">22 May 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="7AB0DE6C1F16507C20BD61DB7AF4FE2B" country="Japan" location="Tsukuba Mountains" municipality="In" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" specimenCount="4" stateProvince="Ibaraki" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="15636A931F16507C20BD61DB7A2EFE4A" box="[437,547,406,430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="2A034E4B1F16507C232261DB7A4CFE49" box="[554,577,406,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">In</collectingMunicipality>
total
<specimenCount id="DCDE1FB81F16507C237161DB7AF6FE4A" box="[633,763,406,430]" count="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
collected in
<location id="CF0782EA1F16507C202661FA7A1FFE2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:427165271F13507E2247659F79E5FE14:CF0782EA1F16507C202661FA7A1FFE2B" box="[302,530,439,463]" country="Japan" municipality="In" name="Tsukuba Mountains" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Ibaraki">Tsukuba Mountains</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="081C1AD31F16507C232E61FA7AF4FE2B" box="[550,761,439,463]" country="Japan" name="Ibaraki" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Ibaraki Prefecture</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="7AB0DE6C1F16507C219F6195793EFDD6" collectingDate="2010-03-27" collectionCode="KUZ" collectorName="K. Eto" country="Japan" latitude="36.2" location="Ishioka" longLatPrecision="5573" longitude="140.18" municipality="Mt. Kabasan" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" specimenCode="Z1349" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ibaraki" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ACC94CF41F16507C219F619578C3FE0B" box="[151,206,472,495]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n11d-rfwg" name="Zoological Collection of the Kyoto University" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">KUZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="9A7E7C4A1F16507C21DB61957915FE14" box="[211,280,472,496]" collectionCode="KUZ" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n11d-rfwg" name="Zoological Collection of the Kyoto University" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Z1349</specimenCode>
, from under a stone along a mountain stream,
<collectingMunicipality id="2A034E4B1F16507C219F61B47929FDF4" box="[151,292,504,528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Mt. Kabasan</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="CF0782EA1F16507C202661B57970FDF4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:427165271F13507E2247659F79E5FE14:CF0782EA1F16507C202661B57970FDF4" box="[302,381,504,528]" country="Japan" latitude="36.2" longLatPrecision="5573" longitude="140.18" municipality="Mt. Kabasan" name="Ishioka" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Ibaraki">Ishioka</location>
(~
<geoCoordinate id="AFECB2F61F16507C209161B579EAFDF4" box="[409,487,504,528]" degrees="36.2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" precision="5555" value="36.2">36.2°N</geoCoordinate>
, ~
<geoCoordinate id="AFECB2F61F16507C20F761B47A6FFDF5" box="[511,610,505,529]" degrees="140.18" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" precision="555" value="140.18">140.18°E</geoCoordinate>
), by
<collectorName id="672DB1E71F16507C239D61B47AD7FDF4" box="[661,730,505,528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">K. Eto</collectorName>
on
<date id="BE66F2F11F16507C219F6257793EFDD6" box="[151,307,538,562]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" value="2010-03-27">
<collectingDate id="AE220B191F16507C219F6257793EFDD6" box="[151,307,538,562]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" value="2010-03-27">27 Mar 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7AB0DE6C1F16507C204E62577A12FDB6" collectionCode="KUZ" country="Japan" latitude="36.32" location="Kasama" longLatPrecision="713" longitude="140.2" municipality="Mt. Wagakunisan" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" specimenCode="Z1367" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ibaraki" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ACC94CF41F16507C204E62577970FDD5" box="[326,381,538,561]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n11d-rfwg" name="Zoological Collection of the Kyoto University" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">KUZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="9A7E7C4A1F16507C2084625479DDFDD5" box="[396,464,537,561]" collectionCode="KUZ" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n11d-rfwg" name="Zoological Collection of the Kyoto University" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Z1367</specimenCode>
, litter,
<collectingMunicipality id="2A034E4B1F16507C232462577AFAFDD5" box="[556,759,537,561]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Mt. Wagakunisan</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="CF0782EA1F16507C219F627678E2FDB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:427165271F13507E2247659F79E5FE14:CF0782EA1F16507C219F627678E2FDB6" box="[151,239,571,594]" country="Japan" latitude="36.32" longLatPrecision="713" longitude="140.2" municipality="Mt. Wagakunisan" name="Kasama" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Ibaraki">Kasama</location>
(~
<geoCoordinate id="AFECB2F61F16507C200762777966FDB6" box="[271,363,570,594]" degrees="36.32" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" precision="555" value="36.32">36.32°N</geoCoordinate>
, ~
<geoCoordinate id="AFECB2F61F16507C2080627779E3FDB6" box="[392,494,570,594]" degrees="140.20" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" precision="555" value="140.2">140.20°E</geoCoordinate>
), by
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="7AB0DE6C1F16507C2323627678F2FD97" collectingDate="2011-11-27" collectionCode="R" country="Japan" location="Ueshima" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ibaraki" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ACC94CF41F16507C232362767A4DFDB6" box="[555,576,571,594]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">R</collectionCode>
.
<location id="CF0782EA1F16507C234762777AA2FDB6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:427165271F13507E2247659F79E5FE14:CF0782EA1F16507C234762777AA2FDB6" box="[591,687,570,594]" country="Japan" name="Ueshima" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Ibaraki">Ueshima</location>
on
<date id="BE66F2F11F16507C23E9627778F2FD97" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" value="2011-11-27">
<collectingDate id="AE220B191F16507C23E9627778F2FD97" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" value="2011-11-27">27 Nov 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7AB0DE6C1F16507C200262117AF6FD70" collectionCode="KUZ" country="Japan" elevation="403" latitude="36.25436" location="Ishioka" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="140.13222" municipality="Uwaso" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" specimenCode="Z1557" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ibaraki" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ACC94CF41F16507C20026211794CFD97" box="[266,321,604,627]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n11d-rfwg" name="Zoological Collection of the Kyoto University" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">KUZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="9A7E7C4A1F16507C204F62167987FD97" box="[327,394,603,627]" collectionCode="KUZ" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n11d-rfwg" name="Zoological Collection of the Kyoto University" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Z1557</specimenCode>
, litter, along a forest road,
<collectingMunicipality id="2A034E4B1F16507C23A362117AF5FD97" box="[683,760,604,627]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Uwaso</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="CF0782EA1F16507C219F623178EBFD70" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:427165271F13507E2247659F79E5FE14:CF0782EA1F16507C219F623178EBFD70" box="[151,230,636,660]" country="Japan" latitude="36.25436" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="140.13222" municipality="Uwaso" name="Ishioka" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Ibaraki">Ishioka</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="AFECB2F61F16507C21F262317985FD70" box="[250,392,636,660]" degrees="36.254361" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" precision="1" value="36.25436">36.254361°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AFECB2F61F16507C209062317A22FD70" box="[408,559,636,660]" degrees="140.132222" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" precision="1" value="140.13222">140.132222°E</geoCoordinate>
; elev.
<quantity id="0D2079D41F16507C237562317AC4FD70" box="[637,713,636,660]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.029999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="m" value="403.0">
<elevation id="41F533021F16507C237562317AC4FD70" box="[637,713,636,660]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.029999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="m" value="403.0">403 m</elevation>
</quantity>
), by
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="7AB0DE6C1F16507C219F62D079BBFD51" box="[151,438,669,693]" collectingDate="2014-06-16" collectionCode="T" country="Japan" location="Nakano" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ibaraki" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ACC94CF41F16507C219F62D078A4FD50" box="[151,169,669,692]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">T</collectionCode>
.
<location id="CF0782EA1F16507C21BC62D07905FD51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:427165271F13507E2247659F79E5FE14:CF0782EA1F16507C21BC62D07905FD51" box="[180,264,669,693]" country="Japan" name="Nakano" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Ibaraki">Nakano</location>
on
<date id="BE66F2F11F16507C203B62D079BBFD51" box="[307,438,669,693]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" value="2014-06-16">
<collectingDate id="AE220B191F16507C203B62D079BBFD51" box="[307,438,669,693]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" value="2014-06-16">16 Jun 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
; and
<materialsCitation id="7AB0DE6C1F16507C20F962D079C8FCFC" collectingDate="2014-06-16" collectionCode="KUZ" collectorName="Y. Yamane" country="Japan" county="Menokawa" elevation="510" latitude="36.2337" location="Sakuragawa" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="140.1039" municipality="Mt. Tsukubasan" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" specimenCode="Z1560" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ibaraki" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ACC94CF41F16507C20F962D07A25FD50" box="[497,552,669,692]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n11d-rfwg" name="Zoological Collection of the Kyoto University" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">KUZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="9A7E7C4A1F16507C232762D07A78FD51" box="[559,629,669,693]" collectionCode="KUZ" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n11d-rfwg" name="Zoological Collection of the Kyoto University" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Z1560</specimenCode>
, from under soil along a mountain trail,
<collectingCounty id="2306ACBD1F16507C20CA62F37A31FD32" box="[450,572,702,726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Menokawa</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="2A034E4B1F16507C234F62F37AF5FD32" box="[583,760,702,726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Mt. Tsukubasan</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="CF0782EA1F16507C219F62927911FD13" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:427165271F13507E2247659F79E5FE14:CF0782EA1F16507C219F62927911FD13" box="[151,284,735,759]" country="Japan" county="Menokawa" latitude="36.2337" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="140.1039" municipality="Mt. Tsukubasan" name="Sakuragawa" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" stateProvince="Ibaraki">Sakuragawa</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="AFECB2F61F16507C2039629279AAFD13" box="[305,423,735,759]" degrees="36.2337" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" precision="5" value="36.2337">36.2337°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AFECB2F61F16507C20B062927A39FD13" box="[440,564,735,759]" degrees="140.1039" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" precision="5" value="140.1039">140.1039°E</geoCoordinate>
; elev.
<quantity id="0D2079D41F16507C238C62927AC1FD13" box="[644,716,735,759]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="m" value="510.0">
<elevation id="41F533021F16507C238C62927AC1FD13" box="[644,716,735,759]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="m" value="510.0">510 m</elevation>
</quantity>
) by
<collectorName id="672DB1E71F16507C219F634D791DFCF3" box="[151,272,768,791]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Y. Yamane</collectorName>
on
<date id="BE66F2F11F16507C203662B279C8FCFC" box="[318,453,767,792]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" value="2014-06-16">
<collectingDate id="AE220B191F16507C203662B279C8FCFC" box="[318,453,767,792]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" value="2014-06-16">16 Jun 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="7AB0DE6C1F16507C20DA634D78F3FCDC" collectionCode="KUZ" country="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" specimenCode="Z1349, Z1367, Z1557" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ibaraki" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ACC94CF41F16507C20DA634D7A04FCF3" box="[466,521,768,791]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n11d-rfwg" name="Zoological Collection of the Kyoto University" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">KUZ</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="9A7E7C4A1F16507C231B634D7A5AFCFC" box="[531,599,768,792]" collectionCode="KUZ" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n11d-rfwg" name="Zoological Collection of the Kyoto University" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Z1349</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="9A7E7C4A1F16507C236C62B27AA5FCF3" box="[612,680,767,791]" collectionCode="KUZ" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n11d-rfwg" name="Zoological Collection of the Kyoto University" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Z1367</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="9A7E7C4A1F16507C23BD62B27AFAFCF3" box="[693,759,767,791]" collectionCode="KUZ" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/n11d-rfwg" name="Zoological Collection of the Kyoto University" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Z1557</specimenCode>
, dissected
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="82C287BA1F16507D21A6630C79AAFD32" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" type="description">
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F16507C21A6630C7922FC39" blockId="4.[151,764,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F16507C21A6630C7936FCBD" bold="true" box="[174,315,833,857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Description.</emphasis>
Body firm and muscular, elongate, with constant width in caudal direction, dorsoventrally compressed, BL
<quantity id="0D2079D41F16507C205463CE79CFFC7F" box="[348,450,899,923]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.97" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="39.7">39.7 mm</quantity>
, BW
<quantity id="0D2079D41F16507C20F763CE7A5AFC7F" box="[511,599,899,923]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C236663CE7AE2FC7F" box="[622,751,899,923]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[151,215,446,468]" captionTargetBox="[151,1398,240,424]" captionTargetId="figure-69@2.[151,1398,240,424]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Dorsal view of live animal. (D) Live animal found curled up under a stone at the type locality. Scale bars: 5 mm (same bar for A and B)." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
). Caudal sucker ventral, elliptic, CL
<quantity id="0D2079D41F16507C231D63E97A64FC5F" box="[533,617,932,956]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
, CW
<quantity id="0D2079D41F16507C23A063E97AF6FC5F" box="[680,763,932,956]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C2197638878F9FC39" box="[159,244,965,989]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[151,215,446,468]" captionTargetBox="[151,1398,240,424]" captionTargetId="figure-69@2.[151,1398,240,424]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Dorsal view of live animal. (D) Live animal found curled up under a stone at the type locality. Scale bars: 5 mm (same bar for A and B)." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Figs 1B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C20086388792EFC39" box="[256,291,965,989]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1379,518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-160@2.[151,1398,513,1866]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (B) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (C) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (D) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (E) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (F) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (G) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars:A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">2D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F16507C21A663AB7947FAA3" blockId="4.[151,764,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
Somite I completely merged with prostomium. Somite II (= peristomium), III, IV uniannulate (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C2340644A7A90FBFB" box="[584,669,1031,1055]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1379,518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-160@2.[151,1398,513,1866]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (B) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (C) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (D) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (E) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (F) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (G) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars:A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Somite V biannulate, (a1 + a2) = a3; a3 forming posterior margin of oral sucker (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C209D64057A06FB85" box="[405,523,1096,1121]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1379,518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-160@2.[151,1398,513,1866]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (B) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (C) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (D) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (E) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (F) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (G) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars:A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). Somites VI and VII triannulate, a1 = a2 = a3 (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C20AD64247A18FB65" box="[421,533,1129,1153]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1379,518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-160@2.[151,1398,513,1866]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (B) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (C) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (D) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (E) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (F) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (G) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars:A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). Somites VIII–XXV quadrannulate, a1 = a2 = b5 = b6 (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C232C64C77A97FB46" box="[548,666,1162,1186]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1379,518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-160@2.[151,1398,513,1866]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (B) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (C) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (D) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (E) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (F) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (G) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars:A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 2A–E</figureCitation>
). Somite XXVI dorsally triannulate, a1 = a2 = a3, ventrally biannulate a1 &lt;(a2 + a3); (a2 + a3) being ventrally last complete annulus (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C206964A079DFFAE1" box="[353,466,1261,1285]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1379,518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-160@2.[151,1398,513,1866]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (B) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (C) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (D) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (E) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (F) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (G) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars:A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 2C, D</figureCitation>
). Somite XXVII biannulate (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C2197654378FFFAC2" box="[159,242,1294,1318]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1379,518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-160@2.[151,1398,513,1866]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (B) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (C) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (D) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (E) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (F) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (G) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars:A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Anus behind somite XXVII; post-anal annulus absent (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C21E265637933FAA3" box="[234,318,1326,1351]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1379,518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-160@2.[151,1398,513,1866]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (B) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (C) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (D) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (E) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (F) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (G) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars:A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F16507C21A6650279FAFA6C" blockId="4.[151,764,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
Somite X b5 and somite XIII a2, respectively, first and last annuli of clitellum (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C2091653D79E6FA6C" box="[409,491,1392,1416]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1379,518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-160@2.[151,1398,513,1866]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (B) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (C) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (D) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (E) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (F) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (G) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars:A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F16507C21A665DC7941F9C9" blockId="4.[151,764,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
Male gonopore slightly anterior to middle of somite XI b6 (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C21E265FF794CFA2E" box="[234,321,1458,1482]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1379,518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-160@2.[151,1398,513,1866]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (B) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (C) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (D) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (E) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (F) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (G) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars:A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Female gonopore in middle of somite XIII a1, inconspicuous, located posterior to gastropore (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C219765B97911F9E8" box="[159,284,1524,1548]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1379,518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-160@2.[151,1398,513,1866]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (B) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (C) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (D) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (E) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (F) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (G) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars:A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 2E, F</figureCitation>
). Gonopores separated by 1/2 + 4 + 1/2 annuli (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C21E266587932F9C9" box="[234,319,1557,1581]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1379,518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-160@2.[151,1398,513,1866]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (B) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (C) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (D) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (E) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (F) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (G) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars:A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F16507C21A6667B7A31F892" blockId="4.[151,764,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
Anterior ganglionic mass in somite VI a2 and a3, Ganglia VII–IX, of each somite, in a2. Ganglia X and XI, of each somite, in a2 and b5 (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C230C663A7A55F96B" box="[516,600,1655,1679]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[189,253,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[245,1384,225,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-88@3.[189,1436,215,1910]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of reproductive system, including ventral nervous system. (B) Dorsal view of male atrium including position of ganglion XI. (C) Left lateral view of male atrium. (D) Ventral view of male atrium. (E) Dorsal view of female reproductive system, including position of ganglion XIII. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Ganglia XII– XVIII, of each somite, in a2 (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C20D366D57A22F954" box="[475,559,1688,1712]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[189,253,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[245,1384,225,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-88@3.[189,1436,215,1910]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of reproductive system, including ventral nervous system. (B) Dorsal view of male atrium including position of ganglion XI. (C) Left lateral view of male atrium. (D) Ventral view of male atrium. (E) Dorsal view of female reproductive system, including position of ganglion XIII. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Ganglion XIX in a1 and a2 (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C200166F47956F935" box="[265,347,1721,1745]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[189,253,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[245,1384,225,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-88@3.[189,1436,215,1910]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of reproductive system, including ventral nervous system. (B) Dorsal view of male atrium including position of ganglion XI. (C) Left lateral view of male atrium. (D) Ventral view of male atrium. (E) Dorsal view of female reproductive system, including position of ganglion XIII. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Ganglion XX in a1 (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C234B66F47A98F935" box="[579,661,1721,1745]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[189,253,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[245,1384,225,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-88@3.[189,1436,215,1910]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of reproductive system, including ventral nervous system. (B) Dorsal view of male atrium including position of ganglion XI. (C) Left lateral view of male atrium. (D) Ventral view of male atrium. (E) Dorsal view of female reproductive system, including position of ganglion XIII. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Ganglia XXI and XXII, of each somite, in a1 and a2. Ganglion XXIII in a1. Ganglion XXIV in a1 and a2. Ganglion XXV in somite XXIV b6 and somite XXV a1. Ganglion XXVI in somite XXV b5 and b6. Posterior ganglionic mass in somite XXVI a1 and (a2 + a3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F16507C21A667327C66FECE" blockId="4.[151,764,241,1975]" lastBlockId="4.[786,1399,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
Eyes in 3 pairs, 1st pair dorsally on somite II/III, 2nd and 3rd pairs dorsolaterally on posterior margin of somite V (a1 + a2) (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C229260BC7BE2FEEE" box="[922,1007,241,266]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1379,518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-160@2.[151,1398,513,1866]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (B) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (C) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (D) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (E) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (F) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (G) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars:A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Papillae numerous, minute, hardly visible, 1 row on every annulus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F16507C2221617E7C0EFE69" blockId="4.[786,1399,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
Nephridiopores in 17 pairs, each situated ventrally at posterior margin of a1 of each somite in somites VIII– XXIV (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C226E61387BFBFE69" box="[870,1014,373,397]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1379,518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-160@2.[151,1398,513,1866]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (B) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (C) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (D) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (E) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (F) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (G) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars:A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 2B, D, E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F16507C222161DB7BF8FD13" blockId="4.[786,1399,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
Pharynx agnathous, euthylaematous, reaching to somite XIV a1 (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C22B761FA7C1EFE2B" box="[959,1043,439,463]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1379,518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-160@2.[151,1398,513,1866]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (B) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (C) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (D) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (E) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (F) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (G) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars:A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). Crop tubular, acecate, reaching to somite XIX b5/b6. Intestine tubular, reaching to XXIV b5/b6, with 1 pouch-shaped intestinal ceca on left side in XIX a2 and b5, opening in behind junction between crop and intestine in somite XIX b5/b6, then ascending to somite XIX a2. Rectum tubular, thin-walled, straight. Gastropore conspicuous, ventral, in middle of somite XIII a2 (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C227E62D07BE7FD51" box="[886,1002,669,693]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1379,518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-160@2.[151,1398,513,1866]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (B) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (C) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (D) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (E) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (F) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (G) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars:A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 2E, F</figureCitation>
). Gastroporal duct bulbous, slightly winding at junction with gastropore, reaching to somite XIV a2/b5 (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C229C62927BE4FD13" box="[916,1001,735,759]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[151,215,1885,1907]" captionTargetBox="[165,1379,518,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-160@2.[151,1398,513,1866]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of somites I–VIII. (B) Ventral view of somites I–VIII. (C) Dorsal view of somites XXIV–XXVII and caudal sucker. (D) Ventral view of somites XXIV–XXVI and caudal sucker. (E) Ventral view of somites X–XIII. (F) Ventral view of gastropore and female gonopore. (G) Ventral view of gastroporal duct. Scale bars:A, B, G = 1 mm; C–E = 2 mm; F = 0.25 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F16507C2221634D7B97FAA3" blockId="4.[786,1399,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
Testisacs multiple in somite XX a2 to XXV a2 (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C2444634D7B39FCDD" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[189,253,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[245,1384,225,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-88@3.[189,1436,215,1910]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of reproductive system, including ventral nervous system. (B) Dorsal view of male atrium including position of ganglion XI. (C) Left lateral view of male atrium. (D) Ventral view of male atrium. (E) Dorsal view of female reproductive system, including position of ganglion XIII. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
); on each side, in total ~21 testisacs,
<quantity id="0D2079D41F16507C25D3636C7D0AFCDC" box="[1243,1287,800,825]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
XX,
<quantity id="0D2079D41F16507C2442636C7D7BFCDC" box="[1354,1398,800,825]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
each somite of somites XXI–XXIV,
<quantity id="0D2079D41F16507C25A7630C7CD1FCBD" box="[1199,1244,833,857]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
XXV. Paired epididymides; right epididymis in somite XVIII a1/a2 to somite XIX/XX, occupying 7 annuli; left epididymis in somite XVIII a1 to somite XIX/XX, occupying 8 annuli (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C227263887BC0FC39" box="[890,973,965,989]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[189,253,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[245,1384,225,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-88@3.[189,1436,215,1910]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of reproductive system, including ventral nervous system. (B) Dorsal view of male atrium including position of ganglion XI. (C) Left lateral view of male atrium. (D) Ventral view of male atrium. (E) Dorsal view of female reproductive system, including position of ganglion XIII. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Paired ejaculatory ducts; right duct in somite XI b5 to somite XVIII a1/a2; left duct in somite XI b5 to somite XVIII a1; coiled in position posterior to ovisacs; each duct crossing ventrally beneath each ovisac, then loosely coiled in position anterior to ovisacs; each widening from respective junction with epididymis, narrowing at junction with atrial cornua, then loosely turning proximally toward atrial cornua without preatrial loop (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C229F64817C02FB00" box="[919,1039,1228,1252]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[189,253,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[245,1384,225,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-88@3.[189,1436,215,1910]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of reproductive system, including ventral nervous system. (B) Dorsal view of male atrium including position of ganglion XI. (C) Left lateral view of male atrium. (D) Ventral view of male atrium. (E) Dorsal view of female reproductive system, including position of ganglion XIII. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 3A, B</figureCitation>
). Pair of muscular atrial cornua developed, ovate, in somite XI b5 and b6 (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C25FC64A07D66FAE1" box="[1268,1387,1261,1285]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[189,253,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[245,1384,225,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-88@3.[189,1436,215,1910]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of reproductive system, including ventral nervous system. (B) Dorsal view of male atrium including position of ganglion XI. (C) Left lateral view of male atrium. (D) Ventral view of male atrium. (E) Dorsal view of female reproductive system, including position of ganglion XIII. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 3A–D</figureCitation>
). Atrium short, muscular, globular in somite XI b5 and b6 (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C221265637B83FAA3" box="[794,910,1326,1351]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[189,253,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[245,1384,225,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-88@3.[189,1436,215,1910]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of reproductive system, including ventral nervous system. (B) Dorsal view of male atrium including position of ganglion XI. (C) Left lateral view of male atrium. (D) Ventral view of male atrium. (E) Dorsal view of female reproductive system, including position of ganglion XIII. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 3B–D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F16507C222165027C43F9E8" blockId="4.[786,1399,241,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
Paired ovisacs globular, in somite XIII a2 and b5 (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C2212653D7B82FA6C" box="[794,911,1392,1416]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[189,253,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[245,1384,225,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-88@3.[189,1436,215,1910]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of reproductive system, including ventral nervous system. (B) Dorsal view of male atrium including position of ganglion XI. (C) Left lateral view of male atrium. (D) Ventral view of male atrium. (E) Dorsal view of female reproductive system, including position of ganglion XIII. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 3A, E</figureCitation>
). Oviducts thin-walled, left oviduct crossing ventrally beneath nerve cord (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C255265DC7CC2FA4D" box="[1114,1231,1425,1449]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[189,253,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[245,1384,225,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-88@3.[189,1436,215,1910]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of reproductive system, including ventral nervous system. (B) Dorsal view of male atrium including position of ganglion XI. (C) Left lateral view of male atrium. (D) Ventral view of male atrium. (E) Dorsal view of female reproductive system, including position of ganglion XIII. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 3A, E</figureCitation>
); both oviducts converging into common oviduct in somite XIII a1/a2. Common oviduct thin-walled, short, directly descending to female gonopore (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F16507C22F965B97C4FF9E8" box="[1009,1090,1524,1548]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[189,253,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[245,1384,225,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-88@3.[189,1436,215,1910]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view of reproductive system, including ventral nervous system. (B) Dorsal view of male atrium including position of ganglion XI. (C) Left lateral view of male atrium. (D) Ventral view of male atrium. (E) Dorsal view of female reproductive system, including position of ganglion XIII. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm." pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F16507D222166597A46FDB6" blockId="4.[786,1399,241,1975]" lastBlockId="5.[189,802,241,1055]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F16507C222166597B95F9C8" bold="true" box="[809,920,1556,1580]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109">Variation.</emphasis>
Measurements (mean ± 1SD, followed by ranges in parentheses; n = 5, including
<typeStatus id="15636A931F16507C25D5667B7D33F9AA" box="[1245,1342,1590,1614]" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
): BL 37.8 ±
<quantity id="0D2079D41F16507C2257661B7BBCF98A" box="[863,945,1622,1646]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="9.6">9.6 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="0D2079D41F16507C22C9661B7C6DF98B" box="[961,1120,1622,1647]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5799999999999996" metricValueMax="5.029999999999999" metricValueMin="2.13" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="35.8" valueMax="50.3" valueMin="21.3">21.3–50.3 mm</quantity>
), BW 3.9 ±
<quantity id="0D2079D41F16507C25EE661A7D35F98A" box="[1254,1336,1623,1647]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="0D2079D41F16507C244F661A7B64F96B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6999999999999997" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="3.6999999999999997" valueMax="5.1" valueMin="2.3">2.3– 5.1 mm</quantity>
), CL 1.9 ±
<quantity id="0D2079D41F16507C22EF663A7C34F96B" box="[999,1081,1655,1679]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="0D2079D41F16507C2541663A7CC3F96B" box="[1097,1230,1655,1679]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="1.7999999999999998" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2–2.4 mm</quantity>
), CW 2.4 ±
<quantity id="0D2079D41F16507C245E663A7B36F954" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
(
<quantity id="0D2079D41F16507C224166D57BC1F954" box="[841,972,1688,1712]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0999999999999996" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="109" unit="mm" value="2.0999999999999996" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="1.4">1.4–2.8 mm</quantity>
). Somite XXVI triannulate a1 = a2 &lt;a3; a3 being ventrally last complete annulus. Male gonopore slightly anterior to middle of somite XI b6, or in middle of somite XI b6. Female gonopore slightly anterior to middle of somite XIII a1, or in middle of somite XIII a1. Pharynx reaching to XIV a2. Crop reaching to somite XIX b5/b6– XIX/XX. Intestine reaching to somite XXIII/XXIV–XXIV a1. Gastroporal duct reaching to somite XIV a2–somite XIV b5/b6. Testisacs; right side ~26 sacs in somite XX b5 to somite XXV a1–b5; left side ~26 sacs in somite XX a2 to somite XXV a1–b6. Paired epididymides; right epididymis in somite XVII a2/b5–b6 to somite XIX b5–somite XX a2, occupying 9–11 annuli; left epididymis in somite XVII a2/ b5–b5/b6 to somite XIX b6–somite XX a1/a2, occupying 10 annuli. Paired ejaculatory ducts; right side in somite XI b5 to somite XVII a2/b5–b6; left side in somite XI b5 to somite XVII a2/b5–b5/b6; loosely coiled, or nearly straight in position anterior to ovisacs. Paired ovisacs in somite XIII a2 and b5, or in somite XIII a2–b6. Right or left oviduct crossing ventrally beneath nerve cord.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F17507D21DC621679AAFD32" blockId="5.[189,802,241,1055]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D21DC6216795BFD97" bold="true" box="[212,342,603,627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Coloration.</emphasis>
In life, dorsal surface yellowish brown (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F17507D21CD62317918FD70" box="[197,277,636,660]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[151,215,446,468]" captionTargetBox="[151,1398,240,424]" captionTargetId="figure-69@2.[151,1398,240,424]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Dorsal view of live animal. (D) Live animal found curled up under a stone at the type locality. Scale bars: 5 mm (same bar for A and B)." pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
); ventral surface whitish yellow; clitellum, when obvious, paler than other body parts (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F17507D237C62D07AC1FD51" box="[628,716,669,693]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[151,215,446,468]" captionTargetBox="[151,1398,240,424]" captionTargetId="figure-69@2.[151,1398,240,424]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Dorsal view of live animal. (D) Live animal found curled up under a stone at the type locality. Scale bars: 5 mm (same bar for A and B)." pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
). Color faded in preservative.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="82C287BA1F17507D21DC62937A6BFC38" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F17507D21DC62937996FCFC" blockId="5.[189,802,241,1055]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D21DC62937965FD12" bold="true" box="[212,360,734,758]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species was collected only from Tsukuba Mountains.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F17507D21DC636C7A6BFC38" blockId="5.[189,802,241,1055]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D21DC636C798BFCDC" bold="true" box="[212,390,800,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Natural history.</emphasis>
This species was found curled up under rocks or fallen leaves in moist habitats in the Tsukuba Mountains (
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F17507D2035632F799CFC9E" box="[317,401,866,890]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="2.[151,215,446,468]" captionTargetBox="[151,1398,240,424]" captionTargetId="figure-69@2.[151,1398,240,424]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 1. Orobdella montipumila sp. nov., holotype, KUZ Z3913. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Ventral view. (C) Dorsal view of live animal. (D) Live animal found curled up under a stone at the type locality. Scale bars: 5 mm (same bar for A and B)." pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
). Because mature individuals bearing an obvious clitellum were collected on
<date id="BE66F2F11F17507D236C63CE7AFEFC7F" box="[612,755,899,924]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" value="2019-05-22">22 May 2019</date>
and
<date id="BE66F2F11F17507D21B563E97942FC58" box="[189,335,932,956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" value="2014-06-16">16 June 2014</date>
, it is estimated that the reproductive season of this species begins before early June.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="82C287BA1F17507E21DC63AB79E5FE14" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F17507D21DC63AB7D87FECE" blockId="5.[189,802,241,1055]" lastBlockId="5.[824,1437,241,1055]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D21DC63AB795CFC1A" bold="true" box="[212,337,998,1022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific name is a compound adjective in nominative singular derived from the Latin words,
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D23E2644A7B2CFBFA" box="[746,801,1031,1054]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">mons</emphasis>
(mountain) and
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D22EB60BC7C3BFEED" box="[995,1078,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">pumilus</emphasis>
(dwarf), referring to the fact that this small-type new species inhabits Tsukuba Mountains.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F17507D2247617E7D35FBFB" blockId="5.[824,1437,241,1055]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D2247617E7CDDFEAF" bold="true" box="[847,1232,307,331]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Molecular phylogenetic position.</emphasis>
The BI (mean ln
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D223061187B4AFE88" box="[824,839,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">L</emphasis>
= −46390.05;
<figureCitation id="52E3C8B41F17507D22EF61197C2BFE88" box="[999,1062,340,364]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[189,253,1910,1932]" captionTargetBox="[197,1433,1099,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-501@5.[189,1436,1091,1889]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. Bayesian inference tree for 8103 bp of nuclear 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and H3, and mitochondrial COI, tRNACys, tRNAMet, 12S rRNA, tRNAVal, 16S rRNA, tRNALeu and ND1 markers. Numbers on nodes indicate bootstrap (BS) values for maximum likelihood ≥ 50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) ≥ 0.90.An asterisk denotes the node with BS = 100% and PP ≥ 1.0." pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) and ML (ln
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D25CD61187CD9FE88" box="[1221,1236,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">L</emphasis>
= −46373.90; not shown) trees had almost identical topologies, and very closely matched those of previous analyses (
<bibRefCitation id="AE49A9C01F17507D244E61DB7B60FE2B" author="Nakano, T." pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="43 - 49" refId="ref6118" refString="Nakano, T. (2018): A new quadrannulate species of Orobdella (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Orobdellidae) from Kii Peninsula, Japan. - Species Diversity 23: 43 - 49 [https: // doi. org / 10.12782 / specdiv. 23.43]." type="journal article" year="2018">Nakano 2018</bibRefCitation>
, Nakano &amp; Prozorova 2019).
<taxonomicName id="0DD8AFB21F17507D25A861FA7D91FE2B" authorityName="Nakano" authorityYear="2021" box="[1184,1436,439,463]" class="Clitellata" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montipumila">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D25A861FA7D91FE2B" box="[1184,1436,439,463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Orobdella montipumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was clustered into a well-supported clade (BS = 80 %, PP = 0.99) that comprised seven other
<taxonomicName id="0DD8AFB21F17507D25DB61B57D90FDF4" box="[1235,1437,504,528]" class="Clitellata" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D25DB61B57D4FFDF4" box="[1235,1346,504,528]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Orobdella</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
This lineage was split into three clades. The first clade (BS = 100 %, PP = 1.0) comprised the middle-type sexannulate
<taxonomicName id="0DD8AFB21F17507D22C062117CBBFD97" authority="Oka, 1895" authorityName="Oka" authorityYear="1895" box="[968,1206,603,627]" class="Clitellata" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ijimai">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D22C062117C22FD97" box="[968,1071,604,627]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">O. ijimai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AE49A9C01F17507D253762167CBBFD97" author="Oka, A." box="[1087,1206,603,627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="275 - 306" refId="ref6460" refString="Oka, A. (1895): On some new Japanese land leeches. (Orobdella nov. gen.). - The Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Japan 8: 275 - 306." type="journal article" year="1895">Oka, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and the large-type octannulate
<taxonomicName id="0DD8AFB21F17507D22C862317CC4FD70" authority="Oka, 1895" authorityName="Oka" authorityYear="1895" box="[960,1225,636,660]" class="Clitellata" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="octonaria">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D22C862317C41FD70" box="[960,1100,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">O. octonaria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AE49A9C01F17507D255E62317CC4FD70" author="Oka, A." box="[1110,1225,636,660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="275 - 306" refId="ref6460" refString="Oka, A. (1895): On some new Japanese land leeches. (Orobdella nov. gen.). - The Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Japan 8: 275 - 306." type="journal article" year="1895">Oka, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, both of which are distributed in Honshu (
<bibRefCitation id="AE49A9C01F17507D253A62D07CC2FD51" author="Nakano, T." box="[1074,1231,669,693]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="319 - 340" refId="ref5987" refString="Nakano, T. (2017 a): Diversity of leeches from Japan: recent progress in macrophagous and blood-feeding taxa. - In: Motokawa, M. &amp; H. Kajihara (eds): Species Diversity of Animals in Japan. - Springer Japan, Tokyo: 319 - 340 [https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 4 - 431 - 56432 - 4 _ 12]." type="book chapter" year="2017">Nakano 2017a</bibRefCitation>
). The second clade (BS = 90 %, PP = 1.0) included the middle-type quadrannulate
<taxonomicName id="0DD8AFB21F17507D22EF62927D06FD13" authority="Oka, 1895" authorityName="Oka" authorityYear="1895" box="[999,1291,735,759]" class="Clitellata" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="whitmani">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D22EF62927C77FD13" box="[999,1146,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">O. whitmani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AE49A9C01F17507D258662927D06FD13" author="Oka, A." box="[1166,1291,735,759]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="275 - 306" refId="ref6460" refString="Oka, A. (1895): On some new Japanese land leeches. (Orobdella nov. gen.). - The Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University, Japan 8: 275 - 306." type="journal article" year="1895">Oka, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the small-type quadrannulate
<taxonomicName id="0DD8AFB21F17507D2528634D7D0EFCFC" authorityName="Nakano" authorityYear="2014" box="[1056,1283,768,792]" class="Clitellata" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="masaakikuroiwai">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D2528634D7D0EFCFC" box="[1056,1283,768,792]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">O. masaakikuroiwai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the middle-type sexannulate
<taxonomicName id="0DD8AFB21F17507D2501636C7D37FCDC" authority="Nakano, 2016 b" authorityName="Nakano" authorityYear="2016" box="[1033,1338,800,824]" class="Clitellata" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="okanoi">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D2501636C7C73FCDC" box="[1033,1150,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">O. okanoi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AE49A9C01F17507D2587636D7D37FCDC" author="Nakano, T." box="[1167,1338,800,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="79 - 102" refId="ref5932" refString="Nakano, T. (2016 b): Four new species of the genus Orobdella from Shikoku and Awajishima island, Japan (Hirudinida, Arhynchobdellida, Orobdellidae). - Zoosystematics and Evolution 92: 79 - 102 [https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zse. 91.7616]." type="journal article" year="2016">Nakano, 2016b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0DD8AFB21F17507D248A636C7C40FCBD" authority="Nakano, 2016 b" authorityName="Nakano" authorityYear="2016" class="Clitellata" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="yamaneae">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D248A636C7BABFCBD" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">O. yamaneae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AE49A9C01F17507D22A3630C7C40FCBD" author="Nakano, T." box="[939,1101,833,857]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="79 - 102" refId="ref5932" refString="Nakano, T. (2016 b): Four new species of the genus Orobdella from Shikoku and Awajishima island, Japan (Hirudinida, Arhynchobdellida, Orobdellidae). - Zoosystematics and Evolution 92: 79 - 102 [https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zse. 91.7616]." type="journal article" year="2016">Nakano, 2016b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and the large-type octannulate
<taxonomicName id="0DD8AFB21F17507D2230632E7C9FFC9E" authority="Nakano, 2016 b" authorityName="Nakano" authorityYear="2016" box="[824,1170,866,890]" class="Clitellata" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="nakahamai">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D2230632E7BD4FC9E" box="[824,985,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">O. nakahamai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AE49A9C01F17507D22EE632F7C9FFC9E" author="Nakano, T." box="[998,1170,866,890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="79 - 102" refId="ref5932" refString="Nakano, T. (2016 b): Four new species of the genus Orobdella from Shikoku and Awajishima island, Japan (Hirudinida, Arhynchobdellida, Orobdellidae). - Zoosystematics and Evolution 92: 79 - 102 [https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zse. 91.7616]." type="journal article" year="2016">Nakano, 2016b</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; while the former two species are indigenous to Honshu (
<bibRefCitation id="AE49A9C01F17507D25CC63CE7D68FC7F" author="Nakano, T." box="[1220,1381,899,923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="319 - 340" refId="ref5987" refString="Nakano, T. (2017 a): Diversity of leeches from Japan: recent progress in macrophagous and blood-feeding taxa. - In: Motokawa, M. &amp; H. Kajihara (eds): Species Diversity of Animals in Japan. - Springer Japan, Tokyo: 319 - 340 [https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 4 - 431 - 56432 - 4 _ 12]." type="book chapter" year="2017">Nakano 2017a</bibRefCitation>
), the latter three species have been described from Shikoku and an adjacent islet (
<bibRefCitation id="AE49A9C01F17507D253863887CD9FC39" author="Nakano, T." box="[1072,1236,965,989]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" pagination="79 - 102" refId="ref5932" refString="Nakano, T. (2016 b): Four new species of the genus Orobdella from Shikoku and Awajishima island, Japan (Hirudinida, Arhynchobdellida, Orobdellidae). - Zoosystematics and Evolution 92: 79 - 102 [https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zse. 91.7616]." type="journal article" year="2016">Nakano 2016b</bibRefCitation>
). The last lineage comprised only
<taxonomicName id="0DD8AFB21F17507D22FB63AB7CAEFC1A" authorityName="Nakano" authorityYear="2021" box="[1011,1187,998,1022]" class="Clitellata" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montipumila">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D22FB63AB7CAEFC1A" box="[1011,1187,998,1022]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">O. montipumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Precise relationships among the three clades could not be elucidated.
</paragraph>
<caption id="9EA784B91F17507D21B5673B7C93F85D" pageId="5" pageNumber="110" startId="5.[189,253,1910,1932]" targetBox="[197,1433,1099,1882]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F17507D21B5673B7C93F85D" blockId="5.[189,1436,1910,1978]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F17507D21B5673B7919F86F" bold="true" box="[189,276,1910,1932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Bayesian inference tree for 8103 bp of nuclear 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and H3, and mitochondrial COI,
<superScript id="3DAD79791F17507D25C3673A7D18F866" attach="left" box="[1227,1301,1910,1932]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">tRNACys</superScript>
,
<superScript id="3DAD79791F17507D242A673A7D60F867" attach="left" box="[1314,1389,1911,1932]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">tRNAMet</superScript>
, 12S rRNA,
<superScript id="3DAD79791F17507D21F767C07948F87D" attach="right" box="[255,325,1933,1954]" fontSize="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="110">tRNAVal</superScript>
, 16S rRNA,
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and ND1 markers. Numbers on nodes indicate bootstrap (BS) values for maximum likelihood ≥ 50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) ≥ 0.90. An asterisk denotes the node with BS = 100 % and PP ≥ 1.0.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CA67D4311F14507E21A660BC79E5FE14" blockId="6.[151,764,241,496]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">
The respective COI (LC616660–LC616663),
<superScript id="3DAD79791F14507E219F615E78FDFEFB" attach="left" box="[151,240,273,299]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">tRNACys</superScript>
–16S (LC616664–LC616667) and
<superScript id="3DAD79791F14507E239B615E7AE3FEFB" attach="right" box="[659,750,273,299]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">tRNALeu</superScript>
– ND1 (LC616668–LC616671) sequences, which were obtained from the
<typeStatus id="15636A931F14507E2075611979D1FE88" box="[381,476,340,364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="DCDE1FB81F14507E232C61197AD8FE89" box="[548,725,340,365]" count="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">three paratypes</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="0DD8AFB21F14507E219F6138794DFE69" authorityName="Nakano" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,320,373,397]" class="Clitellata" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montipumila">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F14507E219F6138794DFE69" box="[151,320,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">O. montipumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, were almost concordant with each other. The present phylogenies certified that the
<typeStatus id="15636A931F14507E236461DB7AC6FE4A" box="[620,715,406,430]" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="DCDE1FB81F14507E219F61FA7948FE2B" box="[151,325,439,463]" count="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">three paratypes</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="0DD8AFB21F14507E207A61FA7A2CFE2B" authorityName="Nakano" authorityYear="2021" box="[370,545,439,463]" class="Clitellata" family="Orobdellidae" genus="Orobdella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arhynchobdellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="111" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="montipumila">
<emphasis id="F8AC08231F14507E207A61FA7A2CFE2B" box="[370,545,439,463]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="111">O. montipumila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belong to a single species (BS = 100 %, PP = 1.0).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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115
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<paragraph id="DE1C369FFF85FFDFFC3CF868FB08F82E" blockId="1.[903,1349,1955,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="200">
[New Japanese name: Ōgi-yokoebi-modoki] (
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF85FFDFFB81F808FB00F82E" box="[1082,1169,1987,2011]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStart-5="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionStartId-1="3.[157,188,1768,1790]" captionStartId-2="4.[156,187,1759,1781]" captionStartId-3="5.[157,188,1761,1783]" captionStartId-4="6.[156,187,708,730]" captionStartId-5="6.[156,187,1465,1487]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,757,1540,1989]" captionTargetBox-1="[266,1322,206,1729]" captionTargetBox-2="[266,1322,206,1719]" captionTargetBox-3="[266,1322,206,1721]" captionTargetBox-4="[190,1397,206,667]" captionTargetBox-5="[378,1209,803,1427]" captionTargetId-0="figure-944@2.[167,757,1539,1990]" captionTargetId-1="figure-123@3.[265,1323,205,1730]" captionTargetId-2="figure-168@4.[265,1323,205,1720]" captionTargetId-3="figure-146@5.[265,1323,205,1722]" captionTargetId-4="figure-286@6.[189,1398,205,669]" captionTargetId-5="figure-301@6.[378,1209,803,1427]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionTargetPageId-5="6" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915). Habitus." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Curidia japonica sp. nov. A1, A2, LL, Mx2, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); UL, Mx1, Mp, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M1); Md, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH-Ar-12920, M2). Scales:0.05mm." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915).Gill on coxa 5 lost.Scales: 0.05mm." captionText-3="Fig. 4. Curidia japonica sp. nov. Pl, U, T, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); A1, G, C, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH- Ar-12920, M1); A2, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M2). Scales: 0.05mm." captionText-4="Fig. 5. Curidia japonica sp. nov., paratype, female, 1.5mm (OMNH-Ar-12917). Scale: 0.05mm." captionText-5="Fig. 6. Curidia japonica sp. nov., paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918). Photograph of fixed specimen (two days after fixation). Scale: 0.3mm." pageId="1" pageNumber="200">Figs 1–6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF85FFDFFB81F808FB00F82E" box="[1082,1169,1987,2011]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStart-5="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionStartId-1="3.[157,188,1768,1790]" captionStartId-2="4.[156,187,1759,1781]" captionStartId-3="5.[157,188,1761,1783]" captionStartId-4="6.[156,187,708,730]" captionStartId-5="6.[156,187,1465,1487]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,757,1540,1989]" captionTargetBox-1="[266,1322,206,1729]" captionTargetBox-2="[266,1322,206,1719]" captionTargetBox-3="[266,1322,206,1721]" captionTargetBox-4="[190,1397,206,667]" captionTargetBox-5="[378,1209,803,1427]" captionTargetId-0="figure-944@2.[167,757,1539,1990]" captionTargetId-1="figure-123@3.[265,1323,205,1730]" captionTargetId-2="figure-168@4.[265,1323,205,1720]" captionTargetId-3="figure-146@5.[265,1323,205,1722]" captionTargetId-4="figure-286@6.[189,1398,205,669]" captionTargetId-5="figure-301@6.[378,1209,803,1427]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionTargetPageId-5="6" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915). Habitus." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Curidia japonica sp. nov. A1, A2, LL, Mx2, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); UL, Mx1, Mp, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M1); Md, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH-Ar-12920, M2). Scales:0.05mm." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915).Gill on coxa 5 lost.Scales: 0.05mm." captionText-3="Fig. 4. Curidia japonica sp. nov. Pl, U, T, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); A1, G, C, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH- Ar-12920, M1); A2, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M2). Scales: 0.05mm." captionText-4="Fig. 5. Curidia japonica sp. nov., paratype, female, 1.5mm (OMNH-Ar-12917). Scale: 0.05mm." captionText-5="Fig. 6. Curidia japonica sp. nov., paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918). Photograph of fixed specimen (two days after fixation). Scale: 0.3mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192665" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192667" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192669" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192671" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192673" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192675" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13192665/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13192667/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13192669/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13192671/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13192673/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/13192675/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="200">Figs 1–6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
@ -236,19 +237,19 @@ Based on
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE1C369FFF86FFDCFF0EFC18FAB6FDF7" blockId="2.[156,768,198,1459]" lastBlockId="2.[820,1432,198,2076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">
Head (
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF86FFDCFF46FC18FED1FC1E" box="[253,320,979,1003]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[168,757,1540,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-944@2.[167,757,1539,1990]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915). Habitus." pageId="2" pageNumber="201">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF86FFDCFF46FC18FED1FC1E" box="[253,320,979,1003]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[168,757,1540,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-944@2.[167,757,1539,1990]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915). Habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192665/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF86FFDCFEEAFC18FEF1FC1E" box="[337,352,979,1003]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[157,188,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-123@3.[265,1323,205,1730]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Curidia japonica sp. nov. A1, A2, LL, Mx2, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); UL, Mx1, Mp, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M1); Md, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH-Ar-12920, M2). Scales:0.05mm." pageId="2" pageNumber="201">2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF86FFDCFEEAFC18FEF1FC1E" box="[337,352,979,1003]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[157,188,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-123@3.[265,1323,205,1730]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Curidia japonica sp. nov. A1, A2, LL, Mx2, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); UL, Mx1, Mp, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M1); Md, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH-Ar-12920, M2). Scales:0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192667/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">2</figureCitation>
). Rostrum strongly projected ventrally. Eyes oval, partially covered with pereonite 1. Antenna 1 stout; length ratio of peduncular articles 1–3 (excluding processes) 1: 0.65:0.2, lengths of posterodistal processes on articles 1 and 2 ca. 0.4 and 0.6 times of article proper, respectively; flagellum with 3 articles, article 1 long, article 3 minute, posterodistal part of article 1 and distal ends of articles 2, 3 bearing many aesthetascs. Antenna 2 also stout, but shorter than antenna 1, with ratio of lengths of peduncular articles 3–5 1: 1.55: 1.7, posterodistal process of peduncular article 4 very short, 15% length of article 5; flagellum with 3 articles, article 1 long, article 3 minute, distal end of each article setose. Upper lip triangular, tip pointed. Mandibles slender, incisors and left lacinia mobilis without denticles; length ratio of palp articles 1–3 1: 1.3: 1.55, article 3 with numerous fine setae on lateral surface and 3 thick setae on tip. Lower lip, outer lobes with narrow mandibular process. Maxilla 1, inner plate narrowed distally, tip without setae; outer plate bearing 5 mostly-fused robust setae, tip pleated; palp minute, with a long seta. Maxilla 2, outer and inner plates with 10 and 6 distal setae, respectively. Maxilliped with narrow inner plate bearing apical short robust seta and several distal and many dorsodistal setae; outer plate broad, with 2 median and 6 subdistal setae; palp narrow, apical seta very long, ca. 1.7–1.8 times length of palp proper.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE1C369FFF86FFDDFCF5FDC7FDFDF86F" blockId="2.[820,1432,198,2076]" lastBlockId="3.[156,767,1890,2077]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="202" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">
Pereon (
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF86FFDCFC1EFDC0FC77FDD1" box="[933,998,523,548]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[168,757,1540,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-944@2.[167,757,1539,1990]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915). Habitus." pageId="2" pageNumber="201">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF86FFDCFC1EFDC0FC77FDD1" box="[933,998,523,548]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[168,757,1540,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-944@2.[167,757,1539,1990]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915). Habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192665/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF86FFDCFC4DFDC7FB95FDD1" box="[1014,1028,524,548]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[156,187,1759,1781]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-168@4.[265,1323,205,1720]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915).Gill on coxa 5 lost.Scales: 0.05mm." pageId="2" pageNumber="201">3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF86FFDCFC4DFDC7FB95FDD1" box="[1014,1028,524,548]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[156,187,1759,1781]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-168@4.[265,1323,205,1720]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915).Gill on coxa 5 lost.Scales: 0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192669" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192669/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">3</figureCitation>
). Dorsal margins smooth, pereonite 1 strongly projected anterodorsally; pereonite 7 posterodorsal margin not projected, posteroventral corner bluntly projected. Coxae of gnathopods and pereopods, and bases and ischia of pereopods 5–7 double-structured. Gnathopod 1 slender; coxa small, curved anteriorly, anteroproximal corner swollen, ventral margin rounded; basis proximal half widened; ischium ca. 0.65 times length of basis; carpus and propodus almost same length, posterodistal margin of propodus with minute projection and a feather seta and 3 slender setae; dactylus very short, with 3 feather setae and 2 slender and 1 robust setae. Gnathopod 2 shorter than gnathopod 1; coxa elongate, ca. 1.65 times (estimated) length of coxa 1, anteroproximal corner weakly swollen; basis wide, lateral surface bearing many minute setae; ischium short; carpus posterodistal corner produced, tip with 3 setae; propodus narrow, shorter than carpus, bearing several setae distally; dactylus triangular, ca. 0.2 times as long as propodus, tip with robust seta forming chela. Pereopod 3 far larg- er than gnathopod 2, coxa elongate, ca. 1.05 times (estimat- ed) length of coxa 2, anteroproximal corner swollen; basis wide, posterolateral surface bearing many minute setae; merus wide, projected anterodistally; carpus with 1 + 2 robust setae posteriorly; propodus ca. 1.35 times length of carpus, bearing 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 posterior robust setae; dactylus with unguis. Pereopod 4 slightly smaller than pereopod 3; coxa short, ca. 0.6 times (estimated) length of coxa 3, anteroproximal corner inflated anteriorly and anterodistal corner strongly swollen distally, posteroproximal corner weakly inflated; basis–dactylus almost same as those of pereopod 3, but carpus with 1 + 1 + 2 posterior robust setae. Pereopod 5 almost same length as pereopod 4; coxa short, anterodistal corner swollen anteriorly and posterodistal corner inflated distally; basis expanded posteriorly, with 2 rounded posteroproximal projections and large posterodistal lobe; merus wide, posterodistal corner projected; carpus with 1 + 2 robust setae anteriorly; propodus ca. 1.4 times length of carpus, bearing 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 anterior robust setae; dactylus with unguis. Pereopod 6 slightly longer than pereopod 5; coxa narrow and short, posterodistal corner swollen; basis expanded posteriorly, with 1 triangular and 1 rounded posteroproximal projections and large posterodistal lobe; ischium–dactylus almost same as those of pereopod 5, but carpus and propodus with 1 + 1 + 2 and 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 anterior robust setae, respectively. Pereopod 7 a little longer than pereopod 6; coxa narrow and short, posteroproximal corner swollen; basis expanded posteriorly, with angular posteroproximal projection and large posterodistal lobe; ischium– dactylus almost same as those of pereopod 6, but propodus bearing 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 2 anterior robust setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="8ADC6617FF86FFDCFF27F827FE39F7EB" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" startId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" targetBox="[168,757,1540,1989]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<caption id="8ADC6617FF86FFDCFF27F827FE39F7EB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192665" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13192665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192665/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" startId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" targetBox="[168,757,1540,1989]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="DE1C369FFF86FFDCFF27F827FE39F7EB" blockId="2.[156,767,2028,2078]" pageId="2" pageNumber="201">
Fig. 1.
<taxonomicName id="19A34D1CFF86FFDCFF4BF827FE00F7F4" authorityName="Ariyama" authorityYear="2024" box="[240,401,2028,2049]" class="Malacostraca" family="Ochlesidae" genus="Curidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica" status="sp. nov.">
@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ Fig. 1.
, holotype, female, 1.4 mm (OMNH-Ar-12915). Habitus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="8ADC6617FF87FFDDFF26F923FB93F8EF" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" startId="3.[157,188,1768,1790]" targetBox="[266,1322,206,1729]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<caption id="8ADC6617FF87FFDDFF26F923FB93F8EF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192667" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13192667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192667/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" startId="3.[157,188,1768,1790]" targetBox="[266,1322,206,1729]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="DE1C369FFF87FFDDFF26F923FB93F8EF" blockId="3.[156,1431,1768,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">
Fig. 2.
<taxonomicName id="19A34D1CFF87FFDDFF4BF923FE19F90B" authorityName="Ariyama" authorityYear="2024" box="[240,392,1768,1790]" class="Malacostraca" family="Ochlesidae" genus="Curidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica" status="sp. nov.">
@ -270,12 +271,12 @@ A1, A2, LL, Mx2, Holotype, female, 1.4 mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); UL, Mx1, Mp, paratype
</caption>
<paragraph id="DE1C369FFF87FFDAFF0EF868FB47F829" blockId="3.[156,767,1890,2077]" lastBlockId="4.[820,1432,1825,2077]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="203" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">
Pleon (
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF87FFDDFEBAF868FED2F84E" box="[257,323,1955,1979]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[168,757,1540,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-944@2.[167,757,1539,1990]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915). Habitus." pageId="3" pageNumber="202">Figs 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF87FFDDFEBAF868FED2F84E" box="[257,323,1955,1979]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[168,757,1540,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-944@2.[167,757,1539,1990]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915). Habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192665/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF87FFDDFEE8F868FEF3F84E" box="[339,354,1955,1979]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[157,188,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-146@5.[265,1323,205,1722]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Curidia japonica sp. nov. Pl, U, T, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); A1, G, C, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH- Ar-12920, M1); A2, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M2). Scales: 0.05mm." pageId="3" pageNumber="202">4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF87FFDDFEE8F868FEF3F84E" box="[339,354,1955,1979]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[157,188,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-146@5.[265,1323,205,1722]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Curidia japonica sp. nov. Pl, U, T, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); A1, G, C, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH- Ar-12920, M1); A2, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M2). Scales: 0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192671/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="202">4</figureCitation>
). Dorsal margins with posterior hump in pleonites 1 and 2, and median hump in pleonite 3; posteroventral corners of pleonites 1 and 2 with acute and triangular projections, respectively, posteroventral corner of pleonite 3 without projection, posterolateral margins bearing rounded projection each on pleonites 1, 2 and upward pointed tooth on pleonite 3, respectively. Pleopods gradually shortened; peduncles each with 2 coupling hooks; outer rami longer than inner rami, outer and inner rami with 6 and 5 articles, respectively. Uropod 1 slender; peduncle with 5 lateral and 1 mediodistal robust setae; outer ramus ca. 0.75 times length of peduncle, bearing 4 lateral and 2 medial robust setae; inner ramus 1.25 times as long as outer ramus, with 2 lateral and 2 medial robust setae. Uropod 2 about 0.8 times (estimated) length of uropod 1; peduncle with 1 lateral and 3 medial robust setae; outer ramus ca. 0.85 times length of peduncle, bearing 2 lateral and 2 medial robust setae; inner ramus longer and wider than outer ramus, with 1 lateral and 1 medial robust setae. Uropod 3 about 0.8 times (estimated) length of uropod 2; peduncle without robust setae; outer ramus ca. 0.65 times as long as peduncle, lanceolate, bare; inner ramus ca. 1.7 times length as long as outer ramus, with 2 dorsal and 2 medial setae. Telson roundish triangular, tip acute (damaged).
</paragraph>
<caption id="8ADC6617FF80FFDAFF27F914FB50F901" box="[156,1217,1759,1781]" pageId="4" pageNumber="203" startId="4.[156,187,1759,1781]" targetBox="[266,1322,206,1719]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<caption id="8ADC6617FF80FFDAFF27F914FB50F901" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192669" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13192669" box="[156,1217,1759,1781]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192669/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="203" startId="4.[156,187,1759,1781]" targetBox="[266,1322,206,1719]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="DE1C369FFF80FFDAFF27F914FB50F901" blockId="4.[156,1217,1759,1781]" box="[156,1217,1759,1781]" pageId="4" pageNumber="203">
Fig. 3.
<taxonomicName id="19A34D1CFF80FFDAFF4BF914FE17F900" authorityName="Ariyama" authorityYear="2024" box="[240,390,1759,1781]" class="Malacostraca" family="Ochlesidae" genus="Curidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="203" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica" status="sp. nov.">
@ -296,27 +297,27 @@ Based on
,
<quantity id="195B9B7AFF81FFDBFF27F889FF77F8AC" box="[156,230,1858,1882]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="204" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
(OMNH-Ar-12918) only for antenna 2. Antenna 1 (
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFF02F8A9FE80F88F" box="[185,273,1890,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[157,188,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-146@5.[265,1323,205,1722]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Curidia japonica sp. nov. Pl, U, T, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); A1, G, C, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH- Ar-12920, M1); A2, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M2). Scales: 0.05mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="204">Fig. 4M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFEA9F8A9FE8BF88F" box="[274,282,1890,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[168,757,1540,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-944@2.[167,757,1539,1990]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915). Habitus." pageId="5" pageNumber="204">1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFF02F8A9FE80F88F" box="[185,273,1890,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[157,188,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-146@5.[265,1323,205,1722]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Curidia japonica sp. nov. Pl, U, T, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); A1, G, C, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH- Ar-12920, M1); A2, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M2). Scales: 0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192671/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">Fig. 4M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFEA9F8A9FE8BF88F" box="[274,282,1890,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[168,757,1540,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-944@2.[167,757,1539,1990]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915). Habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192665/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">1</figureCitation>
-RA1), length ratio of peduncular articles 1–3 (excluding processes) 1: 0.55: 0.2, lengths of posterodistal processes on articles 1 and 2 ca. 0.3 and 1.2 times of article proper, respectively, peduncular article 2 shorter and posterodistal process of article 2 longer than those of female; flagellum with 4 articles, article 1 long, article 4 minute, posterior surface of each article bearing numerous aesthetascs. Antenna 2 (
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFC15F8A9FB90F88F" box="[942,1025,1890,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[157,188,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-146@5.[265,1323,205,1722]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Curidia japonica sp. nov. Pl, U, T, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); A1, G, C, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH- Ar-12920, M1); A2, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M2). Scales: 0.05mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="204">Fig. 4M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFBBAF8A9FBA5F88F" box="[1025,1076,1890,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[157,188,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-123@3.[265,1323,205,1730]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Curidia japonica sp. nov. A1, A2, LL, Mx2, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); UL, Mx1, Mp, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M1); Md, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH-Ar-12920, M2). Scales:0.05mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="204">2-A2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFC15F8A9FB90F88F" box="[942,1025,1890,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[157,188,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-146@5.[265,1323,205,1722]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Curidia japonica sp. nov. Pl, U, T, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); A1, G, C, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH- Ar-12920, M1); A2, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M2). Scales: 0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192671/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">Fig. 4M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFBBAF8A9FBA5F88F" box="[1025,1076,1890,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[157,188,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-123@3.[265,1323,205,1730]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Curidia japonica sp. nov. A1, A2, LL, Mx2, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); UL, Mx1, Mp, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M1); Md, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH-Ar-12920, M2). Scales:0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192667/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">2-A2</figureCitation>
) more slender than that of female, with ratio of lengths of peduncular articles 3–5 1: 1.8: 2.1, posterodistal process of peduncular article 4 short, 25% length of article 5; flagellum with 4 articles, article 1 long, article 4 minute. Coxa 3 (
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFBFEF82FFB0FF809" box="[1093,1182,2020,2044]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[157,188,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-146@5.[265,1323,205,1722]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Curidia japonica sp. nov. Pl, U, T, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); A1, G, C, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH- Ar-12920, M1); A2, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M2). Scales: 0.05mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="204">Fig. 4M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFB25F82FFB51F809" box="[1182,1216,2020,2044]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[168,757,1540,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-944@2.[167,757,1539,1990]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915). Habitus." pageId="5" pageNumber="204">1-C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFB7BF82FFB5DF809" box="[1216,1228,2020,2044]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[156,187,1759,1781]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-168@4.[265,1323,205,1720]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915).Gill on coxa 5 lost.Scales: 0.05mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="204">3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFBFEF82FFB0FF809" box="[1093,1182,2020,2044]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[157,188,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-146@5.[265,1323,205,1722]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Curidia japonica sp. nov. Pl, U, T, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); A1, G, C, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH- Ar-12920, M1); A2, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M2). Scales: 0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192671/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">Fig. 4M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFB25F82FFB51F809" box="[1182,1216,2020,2044]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[168,757,1540,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-944@2.[167,757,1539,1990]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915). Habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192665/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">1-C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFB7BF82FFB5DF809" box="[1216,1228,2020,2044]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[156,187,1759,1781]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1719]" captionTargetId="figure-168@4.[265,1323,205,1720]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915).Gill on coxa 5 lost.Scales: 0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192669" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192669/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">3</figureCitation>
) long, anteroproximal lobe smaller than that of female. Coxa 4 (
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFAB0F7CEFAF1F7E8" box="[1291,1376,2053,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[157,188,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-146@5.[265,1323,205,1722]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Curidia japonica sp. nov. Pl, U, T, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); A1, G, C, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH- Ar-12920, M1); A2, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M2). Scales: 0.05mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="204">Fig. 4M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFADAF7CEFA13F7E8" box="[1377,1410,2053,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[168,757,1540,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-944@2.[167,757,1539,1990]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915). Habitus." pageId="5" pageNumber="204">1-C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFA39F7CEFA01F7E8" box="[1410,1424,2053,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[157,188,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-146@5.[265,1323,205,1722]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Curidia japonica sp. nov. Pl, U, T, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); A1, G, C, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH- Ar-12920, M1); A2, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M2). Scales: 0.05mm." pageId="5" pageNumber="204">4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFAB0F7CEFAF1F7E8" box="[1291,1376,2053,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[157,188,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-146@5.[265,1323,205,1722]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Curidia japonica sp. nov. Pl, U, T, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); A1, G, C, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH- Ar-12920, M1); A2, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M2). Scales: 0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192671/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">Fig. 4M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFADAF7CEFA13F7E8" box="[1377,1410,2053,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[168,757,1540,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-944@2.[167,757,1539,1990]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915). Habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192665/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">1-C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF81FFDBFA39F7CEFA01F7E8" box="[1410,1424,2053,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[157,188,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-146@5.[265,1323,205,1722]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Curidia japonica sp. nov. Pl, U, T, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); A1, G, C, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH- Ar-12920, M1); A2, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M2). Scales: 0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192671/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">4</figureCitation>
) short, anteroproximal and anterodistal lobes smaller than those of female, posteroproximal lobe absent. Gnathopods (
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF82FFD8FF18F995FF6BF983" box="[163,250,1630,1654]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[157,188,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-146@5.[265,1323,205,1722]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Curidia japonica sp. nov. Pl, U, T, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); A1, G, C, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH- Ar-12920, M1); A2, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M2). Scales: 0.05mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Fig. 4M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF82FFD8FF42F995FEB9F983" box="[249,296,1630,1654]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[168,757,1540,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-944@2.[167,757,1539,1990]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915). Habitus." pageId="6" pageNumber="205">1-G1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF82FFD8FF18F995FF6BF983" box="[163,250,1630,1654]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[157,188,1761,1783]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1721]" captionTargetId="figure-146@5.[265,1323,205,1722]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Curidia japonica sp. nov. Pl, U, T, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); A1, G, C, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH- Ar-12920, M1); A2, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M2). Scales: 0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192671/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Fig. 4M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF82FFD8FF42F995FEB9F983" box="[249,296,1630,1654]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,2028,2050]" captionTargetBox="[168,757,1540,1989]" captionTargetId="figure-944@2.[167,757,1539,1990]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Curidia japonica sp. nov., holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915). Habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192665" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192665/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">1-G1</figureCitation>
, G
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF82FFD8FEFEF995FEC3F983" box="[325,338,1630,1654]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[157,188,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-123@3.[265,1323,205,1730]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Curidia japonica sp. nov. A1, A2, LL, Mx2, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); UL, Mx1, Mp, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M1); Md, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH-Ar-12920, M2). Scales:0.05mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="205">2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF82FFD8FEFEF995FEC3F983" box="[325,338,1630,1654]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[157,188,1768,1790]" captionTargetBox="[266,1322,206,1729]" captionTargetId="figure-123@3.[265,1323,205,1730]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Curidia japonica sp. nov. A1, A2, LL, Mx2, Holotype, female, 1.4mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); UL, Mx1, Mp, paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M1); Md, paratype, male, 1.3mm (OMNH-Ar-12920, M2). Scales:0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192667/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">2</figureCitation>
) almost same as those of female.
</paragraph>
<caption id="8ADC6617FF81FFDBFF26F92AFC36F8E7" pageId="5" pageNumber="204" startId="5.[157,188,1761,1783]" targetBox="[266,1322,206,1721]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<caption id="8ADC6617FF81FFDBFF26F92AFC36F8E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192671" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13192671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192671/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="204" startId="5.[157,188,1761,1783]" targetBox="[266,1322,206,1721]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="DE1C369FFF81FFDBFF26F92AFC36F8E7" blockId="5.[156,1432,1761,1811]" pageId="5" pageNumber="204">
Fig. 4.
<taxonomicName id="19A34D1CFF81FFDBFF4BF92AFE1BF902" authorityName="Ariyama" authorityYear="2024" box="[240,394,1761,1783]" class="Malacostraca" family="Ochlesidae" genus="Curidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="204" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica" status="sp. nov.">
@ -326,7 +327,7 @@ Fig. 4.
Pl, U, T, Holotype, female, 1.4 mm (OMNH-Ar-12915); A1, G, C, paratype, male, 1.3 mm (OMNH- Ar-12920, M1); A2, paratype, male, 1.2 mm (OMNH-Ar-12918, M2). Scales: 0.05mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="8ADC6617FF82FFD8FF27FD0FFB9AFD2C" box="[156,1035,708,730]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" startId="6.[156,187,708,730]" targetBox="[190,1397,206,667]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<caption id="8ADC6617FF82FFD8FF27FD0FFB9AFD2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192673" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13192673" box="[156,1035,708,730]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192673/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" startId="6.[156,187,708,730]" targetBox="[190,1397,206,667]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="DE1C369FFF82FFD8FF27FD0FFB9AFD2C" blockId="6.[156,1035,708,730]" box="[156,1035,708,730]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">
Fig. 5.
<taxonomicName id="19A34D1CFF82FFD8FF4BFD0FFE17FD2F" authorityName="Ariyama" authorityYear="2024" box="[240,390,708,730]" class="Malacostraca" family="Ochlesidae" genus="Curidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica" status="sp. nov.">
@ -336,7 +337,7 @@ Fig. 5.
, paratype, female, 1.5 mm (OMNH-Ar-12917). Scale: 0.05mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="8ADC6617FF82FFD8FF27FA72FF74FA1F" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" startId="6.[156,187,1465,1487]" targetBox="[378,1209,803,1427]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<caption id="8ADC6617FF82FFD8FF27FA72FF74FA1F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192675" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13192675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192675/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" startId="6.[156,187,1465,1487]" targetBox="[378,1209,803,1427]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="DE1C369FFF82FFD8FF27FA72FF74FA1F" blockId="6.[156,1432,1464,1514]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">
Fig. 6.
<taxonomicName id="19A34D1CFF82FFD8FF4BFA72FE17FA3B" authorityName="Ariyama" authorityYear="2024" box="[240,390,1465,1486]" class="Malacostraca" family="Ochlesidae" genus="Curidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica" status="sp. nov.">
@ -353,7 +354,7 @@ Based on
, female,
<quantity id="195B9B7AFF82FFD8FF27F954FF77F943" box="[156,230,1695,1719]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
(OMNH-Ar-12917) (
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF82FFD8FE75F954FD9FF942" box="[462,526,1695,1719]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[156,187,708,730]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,206,667]" captionTargetId="figure-286@6.[189,1398,205,669]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Curidia japonica sp. nov., paratype, female, 1.5mm (OMNH-Ar-12917). Scale: 0.05mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF82FFD8FE75F954FD9FF942" box="[462,526,1695,1719]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[156,187,708,730]" captionTargetBox="[190,1397,206,667]" captionTargetId="figure-286@6.[189,1398,205,669]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Curidia japonica sp. nov., paratype, female, 1.5mm (OMNH-Ar-12917). Scale: 0.05mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192673" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192673/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Shapes of coxae 2–6 changing probably with growth: coxa 2 posteroproximal corner projected; coxa 3 anteroproximal lobe larger, posteroproximal corner projected; coxa 4 anteroproximal lobe longer, posterodistal corner projected; coxa 5 anterodistal lobe longer, posteroproximal corner projected; coxa 6 anteroproximal corner weakly projected.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE1C369FFF82FFD8FF0EF849FBC1F92D" blockId="6.[156,767,1565,2077]" lastBlockId="6.[820,1432,1565,2077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">
@ -363,7 +364,7 @@ Based on
, male,
<quantity id="195B9B7AFF82FFD8FEADF868FEF0F84E" box="[278,353,1955,1979]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="205" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
(OMNH-Ar-12918) (
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF82FFD8FDFEF868FD15F84E" box="[581,644,1955,1979]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[156,187,1465,1487]" captionTargetBox="[378,1209,803,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-301@6.[378,1209,803,1427]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 6. Curidia japonica sp. nov., paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918). Photograph of fixed specimen (two days after fixation). Scale: 0.3mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="46982A1AFF82FFD8FDFEF868FD15F84E" box="[581,644,1955,1979]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[156,187,1465,1487]" captionTargetBox="[378,1209,803,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-301@6.[378,1209,803,1427]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 6. Curidia japonica sp. nov., paratype, male, 1.2mm (OMNH-Ar-12918). Photograph of fixed specimen (two days after fixation). Scale: 0.3mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192675" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192675/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="205">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Head and pereonites white, light orange internal organs seen through, dorsal margins of pereonites each with dark-red mark; eyes red. Pleonites and urosomites white and partly pale orange, dorsal margins of pleonites 1–3 each with small dark-red mark. Antenna 1 peduncular articles 2, 3 and flagellar article 1 orange, other parts white. Antenna 2 peduncular article 5 and flagellar article 1 dark brown, other parts white. Mouthparts including mandibular palp white. Pereopods and uropods white and pale orange.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

189
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<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF82FFD96B54591EFAAB3727" blockId="19.[847,1283,833,857]" box="[847,1283,833,857]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
<heading id="8426819CFF82FFD96B54591EFAAB3727" box="[847,1283,833,857]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD96B54591EFAAB3727" authority="Seifert 2003" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2003" box="[847,1283,833,857]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shagrinata">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96B54591EFAAB3727" bold="true" box="[847,1283,833,857]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96B54591EFBDA3727" bold="true" box="[847,1138,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Cardiocondyla shagrinata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BB404B01FF82FFD96C62591EFAAB3727" author="Seifert, B." box="[1145,1283,833,857]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="203 - 338" refId="ref19624" refString="Seifert, B. (2003): The ant genus Cardiocondyla (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - a taxonomic revision of the C. elegans, C. bulgarica, C. batesii, C. nuda, C. shuckardi, C. stambuloffii, C. wroughtonii, C. emeryi, and C. minutior species groups. - Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien, Serie B, 104: 203 - 338." type="journal article" year="2003">Seifert 2003</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF82FFD96B54593DFB833704" blockId="19.[847,1067,866,890]" box="[847,1067,866,890]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
<heading id="8426819CFF82FFD96B54593DFB833704" bold="true" box="[847,1067,866,890]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96B54593DFB833704" bold="true" box="[847,1067,866,890]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
[
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF82FFD96B4E593DFC213704" box="[853,905,866,890]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF82FFD96B5459DCFC653061" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" type="description">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF82FFD96B5459DCFC653061" blockId="19.[824,1438,899,1975]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
<materialsCitation id="6FB93CADFF82FFD96B5459DCFC613061" collectionCode="MZ" country="India" county="South Konkan" location="This" municipality="Forel" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-worker="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="DA0E602BFF82FFD96B5459DCFC2837E5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:577887E6FF82FFDE6B54591EFE2C37E5:DA0E602BFF82FFD96B5459DCFC2837E5" box="[847,896,899,923]" country="India" county="South Konkan" municipality="Forel" name="This" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">This</location>
taxon has been described from
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD96CCF59DCFAB837E5" box="[1236,1296,899,923]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">India</collectingCountry>
.
<location id="DA0E602BFF82FFD96D0259DCFA3537E5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:577887E6FF82FFDE6B54591EFE2C37E5:DA0E602BFF82FFD96D0259DCFA3537E5" box="[1305,1437,899,923]" country="India" county="South Konkan" municipality="Forel" name="Investigated" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Investigated</location>
was the
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF82FFD96B9659FBFC4437C2" box="[909,1004,932,956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
worker labelled by
<collectingMunicipality id="3F0AAC8AFF82FFD96CA159FBFB5937C2" box="[1210,1265,932,956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Forel</collectingMunicipality>
‘
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96CE559FBFB1D37A3" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD96CE559FBFCDB37A3" authority="Forel" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">C.Wroughtonii Forel</taxonomicName>
€
<collectingCounty id="360F4E7CFF82FFD96B96599AFB8D37A3" box="[909,1061,965,989]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">South Konkan</collectingCounty>
(Wroughton)
</emphasis>
I/10’,
<collectionCode id="B9C0AE35FF82FFD96CE5599AFA8F37A2" box="[1278,1319,965,988]" country="0" name="Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sciences" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">MZ</collectionCode>
Lausanne; and two
<specimenCount id="C9D7FD79FF82FFD96BBB59B9FBD43780" box="[928,1148,998,1022]" count="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" type="worker" typeStatus="paratype">2 paratype workers</specimenCount>
with the same labelling; SMN Görlitz
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF82FFD96B545E78FB0630FF" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF82FFD96B545E78FA353041" blockId="19.[824,1438,899,1975]" box="[847,1437,1063,1088]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96B545E78FBE63041" bold="true" box="[847,1102,1063,1087]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">All material examined</emphasis>
. Only the
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF82FFD96CA75E77FB44303E" box="[1212,1260,1064,1088]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">type</typeStatus>
series is known.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF82FFD96B545E17FB0630FF" blockId="19.[824,1438,899,1975]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96B545E17FB8C301E" bold="true" box="[847,1060,1096,1120]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Geographic range</emphasis>
. The
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF82FFD96C755E16FB36301F" box="[1134,1182,1097,1121]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">type</typeStatus>
locality is situated at
<geoCoordinate id="BAE55037FF82FFD96B235E36FC3930FF" box="[824,913,1129,1153]" degrees="16.42" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" precision="555" value="16.42">16.42°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BAE55037FF82FFD96B875E36FC5730FF" box="[924,1023,1129,1153]" degrees="73.390" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" precision="55" value="73.39">73.390°E</geoCoordinate>
and
<quantity id="18299B15FF82FFD96C285E36FBDE30FF" box="[1075,1142,1129,1153]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF82FFDE6B545ED5FECE3704" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF82FFDE6B545ED5FE9C36EA" blockId="19.[824,1438,899,1975]" lastBlockId="20.[151,764,241,923]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96B545ED5FC1630DC" bold="true" box="[847,958,1162,1186]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: --Worker (
<tableCitation id="9253034BFF82FFD96C5F5ED5FB2430DC" box="[1092,1164,1162,1186]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="26.[151,204,245,266]" captionText="Table 1. Workers of the C. wroughtonii group of Orientalic-Australasian origin with mean FL/FR &lt;1.040. Sequence of data: arithmetic mean ± standard deviation [minimum, maximum]." pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="47EA2A75FF82FFD96C865ED5FB4730DC" box="[1181,1263,1162,1186]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="10.[151,215,1755,1777]" captionTargetBox="[151,1398,260,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 23. Mesosoma in dorsal view.(A) Cardiocondyla obscurior, neotype, Nago / Okinawa, 3 June 2003; (B) Cardiocondyla shagrinata, paratype, South Konkan / India. Figure 24–27. Cardiocondyla shagrinata, paratype, South Konkan / India. (24) head in dorsal view; (25) lateral view; (26) dorsal view; (27) head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Figure 28. Cardiocondyla wroughtonii, Lundu / Malaysia, 27 May 2007. (28) head in dorsal view." pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Figs 23</figureCitation>
–27, key). Very small, CS 426 µm. Head very short, CL/CW 1.099. Anteromedian clypeal margin notched, median occipital margin in 2 of
<specimenCount id="C9D7FD79FF82FFD96BC05EB2FBC8317B" box="[987,1120,1261,1285]" count="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
gently excavated. Postocular distance large, PoOc/CL 0.427. Frons broad (FRS/CS 0.282), frontal carinae immediately behind the FRS level slightly diverging caudad. Eye small, EYE/CS 0.222. Scape short, SL/CS 0.760. Promesonotal plane in dorsal view with a rather straight frontal margin and more concave lateral margins resulting in pronounced pronotal ‘shoulders’ (
<figureCitation id="47EA2A75FF82FFD96C375F8CFB383195" box="[1068,1168,1491,1515]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="10.[151,215,1755,1777]" captionTargetBox="[151,1398,260,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 23. Mesosoma in dorsal view.(A) Cardiocondyla obscurior, neotype, Nago / Okinawa, 3 June 2003; (B) Cardiocondyla shagrinata, paratype, South Konkan / India. Figure 24–27. Cardiocondyla shagrinata, paratype, South Konkan / India. (24) head in dorsal view; (25) lateral view; (26) dorsal view; (27) head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Figure 28. Cardiocondyla wroughtonii, Lundu / Malaysia, 27 May 2007. (28) head in dorsal view." pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
) – in
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD96CFF5F8CFACF3195" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[1252,1383,1491,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96CFF5F8CFACF3195" box="[1252,1383,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD96B235FABFC083272" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1929" box="[824,928,1524,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96B235FABFC083272" box="[824,928,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, no ‘shoulders’ are developed due to a strongly convex frontal margin and rather straight lateral margins. Metanotal groove in lateral view deep (MGr/ CS 3.21 %) and with steep anterior and posterior slopes. Propodeal spines moderately long (SP/CS 0.184) and acute, slightly diverging and incurved in dorsal view and with large basal distance (SPBA/CS 0.292). Petiole rather narrow and moderately high (PeW/CS 0.279, PeH/CS 0.333). Axis of petiolar peduncle in lateral aspect deviating by 30° from the longitudinal axis of the petiole node. Postpetiole moderately wide and high (PpW/CS 0.446, PpH/CS 0.308), with a bilateral pair of anteroventral corners (but weaker than usually seen in
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD96B235DC0FC1333C9" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[824,955,1951,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96B235DC0FC1333C9" box="[824,955,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD96BE95DC0FBF233C9" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1929" box="[1010,1114,1951,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96BE95DC0FBF233C9" box="[1010,1114,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); in dorsal view, the strongly convex sides meet with the concave anterior margin in a blunt corner and converge significantly more than in
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF85FFDE688C5B6CFEB23535" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,282,307,331]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE688C5B6CFEB23535" box="[151,282,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Sculpture on head and mesosoma compared to
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF85FFDE68A35B0BFE933512" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[184,315,340,364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE68A35B0BFE933512" box="[184,315,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF85FFDE69605B0BFE4C3512" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1929" box="[379,484,340,364]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE69605B0BFE4C3512" box="[379,484,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
very irregular and with smaller meshes of reticular sculpture (Fig. 27), without the regularly arranged, large and clearly demarcated foveolae seen in the former species. Lateral mesosoma and waist with dense reticulum the meshes of which have an inner diameter of 4–5 µm. Pubescence on first gaster tergite moderately long and dilute (PLG/CS 6.2 %, sqPDG 4.87). Head, mesosoma, waist, and appendages more dirty yellowish brown compared to
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF85FFDE6A635804FD53360D" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[632,763,603,627]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE6A635804FD53360D" box="[632,763,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF85FFDE68DE5823FE8536EA" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1929" box="[197,301,636,660]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE68DE5823FE8536EA" box="[197,301,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF85FFDE68B558C2FECE3704" blockId="20.[151,764,241,923]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE68B558C2FE6836CB" bold="true" box="[174,448,669,693]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Taxonomic comments.</emphasis>
Using the 16 standard morphometric characters shown in
<tableCitation id="9253034BFF85FFDE6A0C58E1FDF136A8" box="[535,601,702,726]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="26.[151,204,245,266]" captionText="Table 1. Workers of the C. wroughtonii group of Orientalic-Australasian origin with mean FL/FR &lt;1.040. Sequence of data: arithmetic mean ± standard deviation [minimum, maximum]." pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF85FFDE6A7D58E1FD5436A8" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2003" box="[614,764,702,726]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shagrinata">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE6A7D58E1FD5436A8" box="[614,764,702,726]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">C. shagrinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is almost inseparable from
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF85FFDE69CB5880FDFB3689" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[464,595,735,759]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE69CB5880FDFB3689" box="[464,595,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF85FFDE6A895880FD533689" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1929" box="[658,763,735,759]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE6A895880FD533689" box="[658,763,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is apparently closely related. An easy separation from these species is given by the strong differences in sculpture of head and mesosoma and the pronounced pronotal shoulders.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF85FFDE68B559DCFE2C37E5" box="[174,388,899,923]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF85FFDE68B559DCFE2C37E5" blockId="20.[151,764,241,923]" box="[174,388,899,923]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE68B559DCFEA337E5" bold="true" box="[174,267,899,923]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Biology.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

294
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<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF83FFD86B325804FB5B360D" blockId="18.[809,1267,603,627]" box="[809,1267,603,627]" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">
<heading id="8426819CFF83FFD86B325804FB5B360D" box="[809,1267,603,627]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF83FFD86B325804FB5B360D" authority="Donisthorpe 1930" authorityName="Donisthorpe" authorityYear="1930" box="[809,1267,603,627]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF83FFD86B325804FB5B360D" bold="true" box="[809,1267,603,627]" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF83FFD86B325804FB8A360D" bold="true" box="[809,1058,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Cardiocondyla bicolor</emphasis>
Donisthorpe 1930
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF83FFD86B325823FBAF36EA" bold="true" box="[809,1031,636,660]" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">
[
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF83FFD86B2B5823FCC736EA" box="[816,879,636,660]" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">types</typeStatus>
investigated]
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF83FFD86B3258C2FC6437C2" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" type="description">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF83FFD86B3258C2FC6437C2" blockId="18.[786,1399,669,1153]" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">
This taxon was described from
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF83FFD86C6158C2FB1136CB" box="[1146,1209,669,693]" name="Israel" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Israel</collectingCountry>
. Investigated was the worker
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF83FFD86B9258E1FC4036A8" box="[905,1000,702,726]" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
labelled ‘
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF83FFD86C5058E1FB1C36A8" box="[1099,1204,702,726]" name="Palestine" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Palestine</collectingCountry>
: Drs. D.Scheinkin &amp; J.Carmin B.M.1930-163\ On
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF83FFD86C6F5880FB053689" box="[1140,1197,735,759]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="18" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
sycamore\
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF83FFD86D375880FC3F3766" authority="Donisthorpe" authorityName="Donisthorpe" authorityYear="1930" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">bicolor Donisthorpe</taxonomicName>
\ Type « and
<specimenCount id="C9D7FD79FF83FFD86C29595FFB063766" box="[1074,1198,768,792]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" type="worker">one worker</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF83FFD86CA3595FFABF3766" box="[1208,1303,768,792]" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
labelled ‘
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF83FFD86B0D597FFCD73746" box="[790,895,800,824]" name="Palestine" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Palestine</collectingCountry>
: Drs. D.Scheinkin &amp; J.Carmin B.M.1930-163\ On
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF83FFD86B21591EFCDB3727" box="[826,883,833,857]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="18" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
sycamore\
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF83FFD86BF4591EFB2E3727" authority="Donis." authorityName="Donisthorpe" authorityYear="1930" box="[1007,1158,833,857]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">bicolor Donis.</taxonomicName>
\ Cotype’. Depository: BMNH London. The type sample is allocated to the
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF83FFD86D46593CFCD337E5" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF83FFD86D46593CFCD337E5" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">C. obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cluster with p =0.9992 if run as wild-card in a LDA (see above).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF83FFD86B32599AFADF30FF" blockId="18.[786,1399,669,1153]" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF83FFD86B32599AFB9D37A3" bold="true" box="[809,1077,965,989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">All material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="6FB93CADFF83FFD86C5C599AFAFE30FF" country="Brazil" location="For" municipality="Excluding" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" specimenCount="93" specimenCount-worker="93">
Numeric phenotypical data were available in 43 samples (35 nest samples and 9 single-specimen stray samples) with
<specimenCount id="C9D7FD79FF83FFD86CA45E58FAE83061" box="[1215,1344,1031,1055]" count="93" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" type="worker">93 workers</specimenCount>
.
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details see supplementary information SI1, SI2.
<collectingMunicipality id="3F0AAC8AFF83FFD86D125E78FADF3041" box="[1289,1399,1063,1087]" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Excluding</collectingMunicipality>
single-specimen samples with unclear separation from
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF83FFD86B095E35FC1030FF" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[786,952,1129,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF83FFD86B095E35FC1030FF" box="[786,952,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">C. wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this material originated from
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF83FFD86D0D5E36FAFE30FF" box="[1302,1366,1129,1153]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Brasil</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
(3
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF83FFD8688C5D00FE5433C6" blockId="18.[151,1399,1887,1977]" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF83FFD8688C5D00FF5D330A" bold="true" box="[151,245,1887,1909]" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Figure 53</emphasis>
. Principal component analysis of 84 nest samples of
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF83FFD86AFF5D00FC49330A" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[740,993,1887,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF83FFD86AFF5D00FC49330A" box="[740,993,1887,1908]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">Cardiocondyla wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF83FFD86C0B5D3FFB2C330A" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1929" box="[1040,1156,1887,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF83FFD86C0B5D3FFB2C330A" box="[1040,1156,1887,1909]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">C. obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on 7 morphometric characters taken in 205 worker individuals. The arrow points to the sample determined as
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF83FFD86BA05D29FB8433F5" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1929" box="[955,1068,1910,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF83FFD86BA05D29FB8433F5" box="[955,1068,1910,1931]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">C. obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by a wild-card LDA with p = 0.9456 which, however, showed a pigmentation typical for
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF83FFD86A6E5DD2FD5733DC" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[629,767,1933,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="131" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF83FFD86A6E5DD2FD5733DC" box="[629,767,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="131">C. wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The mean error of the four exploratory data analyses relative to the controlling LDA (final.sp.hyp) is 1.8%.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF82FFD968A65AAEFC883535" blockId="19.[189,802,241,1975]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
samples),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD9693C5AAEFE233577" box="[295,395,241,265]" name="Bermuda" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
(1),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD969A35AAEFDBA3577" box="[440,530,241,265]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
(2),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD96A5B5AADFD0D3574" box="[576,677,242,266]" name="Germany" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Germany</collectingCountry>
(3), Hawaii (2),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD968FC5B4DFEB73554" box="[231,287,274,298]" name="India" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">India</collectingCountry>
(1),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD969555B4DFE223554" box="[334,394,274,298]" name="Israel" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Israel</collectingCountry>
(1),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD969A25B4CFE5E3554" box="[441,502,275,298]" name="Japan" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Japan</collectingCountry>
(10),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD96A295B4DFD033554" box="[562,683,274,298]" name="Micronesia" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Micronesia</collectingCountry>
(1),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD96AC25B4CFF583535" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
(2),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD9693A5B6CFE3B3535" box="[289,403,307,331]" name="Seychelles" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
(5)
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD969A65B6CFD823535" box="[445,554,307,331]" name="Singapore" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(1),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD96A425B6CFD3F3535" box="[601,663,307,331]" name="Spain" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Spain</collectingCountry>
(5),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD96AD35B6CFD543535" box="[712,764,307,331]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">USA</collectingCountry>
(4)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF82FFD968CF5B0BFE4C362C" blockId="19.[189,802,241,1975]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD968CF5B0BFE0E3512" bold="true" box="[212,422,340,364]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Geographic range</emphasis>
. As a tramp species of putatively Southeast Asian origin this species is, like
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD96A8C5B2AFCB235F3" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[663,794,373,397]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96A8C5B2AFCB235F3" box="[663,794,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, widely distributed over the tropical regions of the Old and New World. However, with exception of a finding from
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD968A65B87FE85358E" box="[189,301,472,496]" name="Singapore" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, there are no verified vouchers from the Indo- Malayan and Australasian regions where
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD96A655BA6FC89366E" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[638,801,504,528]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96A655BA6FC89366E" box="[638,801,504,528]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">C. wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is dominant. It has also been found in buildings in the temperate zone (
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD969745865FE70362C" box="[367,472,570,594]" name="Germany" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Germany</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF82FFD968CF5804FDD832F1" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF82FFD968CF5804FDE33233" blockId="19.[189,802,241,1975]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD968CF5804FEEA360D" bold="true" box="[212,322,603,627]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: --Worker (
<tableCitation id="9253034BFF82FFD969DC5804FDA7360D" box="[455,527,603,627]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="26.[151,204,245,266]" captionText="Table 1. Workers of the C. wroughtonii group of Orientalic-Australasian origin with mean FL/FR &lt;1.040. Sequence of data: arithmetic mean ± standard deviation [minimum, maximum]." pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
, Figs 32–35, key). Very small and slightly larger than
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD96A125823FD1436EA" authority=", CS" authorityName="CS" box="[521,700,636,660]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96A125823FD2236EA" box="[521,650,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">wroughtonii</emphasis>
, CS
</taxonomicName>
430 µm. Head short, CL/CW 1.111. Anterocentral clypeal margin straight or slightly notched; central occipital margin usually straight or with a very weak concavity. Postocular distance large, PoOc/CL 0.435. Frons broad (FRS/CS 0.268), frontal carinae caudal of FRS level parallel (FL/FR 1.011). Eye medium-sized, EYE/CS 0.229. Scape short and slightly longer than in
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD969EC593DFD023704" authority=", SL" authorityName="SL" box="[503,682,866,890]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD969EC593DFDD03704" box="[503,632,866,890]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">wroughtonii</emphasis>
, SL
</taxonomicName>
/CS 0.772. Metanotal groove in lateral view deep (MGr/CS 3.65 %) and usually with steep anterior and posterior slopes. Promesonotal plane in dorsal view without ‘shoulders’ due to a strongly convex frontal margin and rather straight lateral margins (Fig. 34). Propodeal spines shorter than in
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD9690E5E78FE3E3041" box="[277,406,1063,1087]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD9690E5E78FE3E3041" box="[277,406,1063,1087]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SP/CS 0.185) and their bases less approached (SPBA/CS 0.292). Petiole wider and slightly higher than in
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD969685E36FE5C30FF" box="[371,500,1129,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD969685E36FE5C30FF" box="[371,500,1129,1153]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(PeW/CS 0.292, PeH/CS 0.338), axis of petiolar peduncle in lateral aspect deviating by 30° from the longitudinal axis of the petiole node. Postpetiole wider and higher than in
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD96A495E93FD7B309A" box="[594,723,1228,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96A495E93FD7B309A" box="[594,723,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(PpW/ CS 0.459, PpH/CS 0.314), the sternite anterolaterally with a rounded lobiform protrusion on each side which clearly elevates above the level of median surface of sternite; the surface of the sternite thus appearing deeply concave in frontal view. Sculpture on head, mesosoma and waist similar to
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD969315FCEFE0331D7" box="[298,427,1425,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD969315FCEFE0331D7" box="[298,427,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Pubescence on first gaster tergite moderately long and dilute (PLG/CS 6.2 %, sqPDG 5.13). The dark color morph, which resembles the dark color morp of
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD969055FABFE373272" box="[286,415,1524,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD969055FABFE373272" box="[286,415,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is found in 98 % of the samples – one sample, possibly hybrids, showed a pattern similar to the light color morph of
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD969D95C69FDEB3230" box="[450,579,1590,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD969D95C69FDEB3230" box="[450,579,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF82FFD968CF5C09FDD832F1" blockId="19.[189,802,241,1975]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD968CF5C09FE7D3211" bold="true" box="[212,469,1622,1647]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Taxonomic comments.</emphasis>
The morphological separation from
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD968E35C27FE3332F1" box="[248,411,1655,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD968E35C27FE3332F1" box="[248,411,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">C. wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described above.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF82FFD968CF5CC7FB3936CB" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF82FFD968CF5CC7FB3936CB" blockId="19.[189,802,241,1975]" lastBlockId="19.[824,1437,241,695]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD968CF5CC7FE9832CE" bold="true" box="[212,304,1688,1712]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Biology.</emphasis>
In contrast to
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD969C75CC6FD2B32CE" box="[476,643,1688,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD969C75CC6FD2B32CE" box="[476,643,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">C. wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD96A8F5CC6FC8932CE" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1929" box="[660,801,1688,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96A8F5CC6FC8932CE" box="[660,801,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">C. obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported to nest in cavities of bushes and trees
<quantity id="18299B15FF82FFD96AE25CE6FF7A328F" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" unit="m" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 m</quantity>
above the ground level; it was found in dead twigs of trees such as
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD969425CA4FD9D336D" box="[345,565,1787,1811]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Erythrina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="variegata">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD969425CA4FD9D336D" box="[345,565,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Erythrina variegata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Okinawa), in dwarf coconuts (
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD969305D43FEDA334A" box="[299,370,1820,1844]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), galls of
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD969C15D43FD8C334D" box="[474,548,1820,1843]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD969C15D43FD8C334D" box="[474,548,1820,1843]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Acacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trees (
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD96A755D43FD1D334A" box="[622,693,1820,1844]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Brazil</collectingCountry>
), between crippled-curled leaves of a Citrus tree (
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD96A7D5D62FD03332B" box="[614,683,1853,1877]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Brasil</collectingCountry>
), in a dead twig on a tree (Florida), on a
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD96A175D01FDE0330B" box="[524,584,1886,1909]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96A175D01FDE0330B" box="[524,584,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Ficus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tree (
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD96A975D02FD65330B" box="[652,717,1885,1909]" name="Israel" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Israel</collectingCountry>
), in the gall of a
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD969045D20FED133E8" box="[287,377,1919,1942]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Tamaricaceae" genus="Tamarix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD969045D20FED133E8" box="[287,377,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Tamarix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bush (
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD969D85D21FDAC33E8" box="[451,516,1918,1942]" name="Israel" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Israel</collectingCountry>
), below the bark of strong trees (Tenerife) and in the cavity of a coconut high in the tree (
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF82FFD96BBA5AAEFBAF3577" box="[929,1031,241,265]" name="Tanzania" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
). Demography and behavior of nest populations as well as male polyphenism and behavior are the same as in
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD96BE65B6BFA913535" authority="(Heinze 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Heinze" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[1021,1337,307,331]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtoni">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96BE65B6BFB313535" box="[1021,1177,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">C. wroughtoni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BB404B01FF82FFD96CBD5B6CFA9A3535" author="Heinze, J." box="[1190,1330,307,331]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" refId="ref18842" refString="Heinze, J. (2017): Life-history evolution in ants: the case of Cardiocondyla. - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284 (1): e 20161406 [https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2016.1406]." type="journal volume" year="2017">Heinze 2017</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="BB404B01FF82FFD96D585B6CFC343512" author="Errbii, M. &amp; J. Keilwagen &amp; K. J. Hoff &amp; R. Steffen &amp; J. Altmuller &amp; J. Oettler &amp; L. Schrader" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="6211 - 6228" refId="ref18634" refString="Errbii, M., J. Keilwagen, K. J. Hoff, R. Steffen, J. Altmuller, J. Oettler &amp; L. Schrader L (2021). Transposable elements and introgression introduce genetic variation in the invasive ant Cardiocondyla obscurior. - Molecular Ecology 30 (23): 6211 - 6228 [https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / mec. 16099] Epub 2021 Aug 17. PMID: 34324751." type="journal article" year="2021">Errbii et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
have shown that populations of
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD96CE15B0BFC0935F3" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96CE15B0BFC0935F3" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Cardiocondyla obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belong to two distinct lineages, a lineage so far only found in Latin America and a more cosmopolitan Old World lineage. A strong genetic differentiation of these lineages began latest 40,000 generations ago but introgression from the Old World lineage is a dominant source of genetic diversity in the Latin America lineage and is likely to contribute to the adaptive potential of the Latin America lineage. The lineages are infected by different
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF82FFD96BB95823FBBD36EA" authorityName="Hertig" authorityYear="1936" box="[930,1045,636,660]" class="Alphaproteobacteria" family="Anaplasmataceae" genus="Wolbachia" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Rickettsiales" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" phylum="Proteobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF82FFD96BB95823FBBD36EA" box="[930,1045,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="132">Wolbachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
strains, one causing cytoplasmic incompatibility (
<bibRefCitation id="BB404B01FF82FFD96BF758C2FB2E36CB" author="Un, C. &amp; E. Schultner &amp; A. Manzano-Marin &amp; L. V. Florez &amp; B. Seifert &amp; J. Heinze &amp; J. Oettler" box="[1004,1158,669,695]" pageId="19" pageNumber="132" pagination="1775 - 1791" refId="ref19923" refString="Un, C., E. Schultner, A. Manzano-Marin, L. V. Florez, B. Seifert, J. Heinze &amp; J. Oettler (2021): Cytoplasmic incompatibility between Old and New World populations of a tramp ant. - Evolution 75 (7): 1775 - 1791 [https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / evo. 14261]." type="journal article" year="2021">Ün et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF84FFDF68CF5D64FDE53329" bold="true" box="[212,589,1851,1879]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF84FFDF68CF5D64FDA83329" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2024" box="[212,512,1851,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heinzei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF84FFDF68CF5D64FDA83329" bold="true" box="[212,512,1851,1879]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Cardiocondyla heinzei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF84FFDF68CF5D21FC783554" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF84FFDF68CF5D21FC8A33E9" blockId="21.[189,802,1918,1975]" box="[212,802,1918,1943]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Etymology: the name is given in honor of Jürgen</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF84FFDF68A65DC0FC783554" blockId="21.[189,802,1918,1975]" lastBlockId="21.[824,1437,241,1976]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
Heinze wo has done and supervised outstanding research on the fascinating biology of
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF84FFDF6C905AAEFA823577" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1869" box="[1163,1322,241,265]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF84FFDF6C905AAEFA823577" box="[1163,1322,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Cardiocondyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ants over three decades.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF84FFDF6B545B6CFBE93747" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF84FFDF6B545B6CFC503535" blockId="21.[824,1437,241,1976]" box="[847,1016,307,331]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF84FFDF6B545B6CFC503535" bold="true" box="[847,1016,307,331]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Type material:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF84FFDF6B545B0BFAB636CB" blockId="21.[824,1437,241,1976]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<materialsCitation id="6FB93CADFF84FFDF6B545B0BFAB636CB" collectingDate="2019-04-04" collectingDateMax="2019-04-07" collectingDateMin="2019-04-04" collectionCode="SMNG" county="Res. Station" elevation="191" latitude="8.7703" location="Iringo" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-3.7897" municipality="Park" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="SMNG20240630" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-worker="8" stateProvince="Comoe" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF84FFDF6B545B0BFC1B3512" box="[847,947,340,364]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
worker labelled ‘IVO:
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,
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,
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<collectingCounty id="360F4E7CFF84FFDF6B895B29FBB535F3" box="[914,1053,373,397]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Res. Station</collectingCounty>
,
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<elevation id="54FCD1C3FF84FFDF6C345B2AFBC335F3" box="[1071,1131,373,397]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.91" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" unit="m" value="191.0">191m</elevation>
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, foragers on path halfway between station and river, Heinze
<date id="AB6F1030FF84FFDF6CD95BC9FA9E35D0" box="[1218,1334,406,430]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" value="2019-04-04">
<collectingDate id="BB2BE9D8FF84FFDF6CD95BC9FA9E35D0" box="[1218,1334,406,430]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" value="2019-04-04">2019.04.04</collectingDate>
</date>
–CI 18’, ‘
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’ [unique specimen identifier];
<specimenCount id="C9D7FD79FF84FFDF6D7E5BE8FC2B358E" count="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="worker">three worker</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF84FFDF6B945B87FC51358E" box="[911,1017,472,496]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
with same labelling on another pin;
<specimenCount id="C9D7FD79FF84FFDF6B235BA7FC67366E" box="[824,975,504,528]" count="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="worker">three worker</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF84FFDF6BFE5BA6FBE7366F" box="[997,1103,505,529]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
labelled ‘IVO:
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,
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="3F0AAC8AFF84FFDF6C0F5846FBE0364F" box="[1044,1096,537,561]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="DA0E602BFF84FFDF6C415846FB35364F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:577887E6FF84FFDC68CF5D64FE2B358E:DA0E602BFF84FFDF6C415846FB35364F" box="[1114,1181,537,561]" county="Res. Station" latitude="8.7703" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-3.7897" municipality="Park" name="Iringo" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" stateProvince="Comoe">Iringo</location>
<collectingRegion id="1D15F812FF84FFDF6CB25846FB4D364F" box="[1193,1253,537,561]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">River</collectingRegion>
<quantity id="18299B15FF84FFDF6CE95845FA96364F" box="[1266,1342,538,562]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.02" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" unit="m" value="202.0">
<elevation id="54FCD1C3FF84FFDF6CE95845FA96364F" box="[1266,1342,538,562]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.02" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" unit="m" value="202.0">202 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<location id="DA0E602BFF84FFDF6D4B5846FA35364F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:577887E6FF84FFDC68CF5D64FE2B358E:DA0E602BFF84FFDF6D4B5846FA35364F" box="[1360,1437,537,561]" county="Res. Station" latitude="8.7703" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-3.7897" municipality="Park" name="Heinze" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" stateProvince="Comoe">Heinze</location>
<date id="AB6F1030FF84FFDF6B235865FC04362C" box="[824,940,570,594]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" value="2019-04-06">
<collectingDate id="BB2BE9D8FF84FFDF6B235865FC04362C" box="[824,940,570,594]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" value="2019-04-06">2019.04.06</collectingDate>
</date>
–CI 45’;
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<typeStatus id="006A8852FF84FFDF6C895864FB54362D" box="[1170,1276,571,595]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
labelled ‘IVO:
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,
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,
<collectingRegion id="1D15F812FF84FFDF6C075804FBC1360D" box="[1052,1129,603,627]" country="Ivory Coast" name="Comoe" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Comoé</collectingRegion>
<location id="DA0E602BFF84FFDF6C6B5803FB5B360D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:577887E6FF84FFDC68CF5D64FE2B358E:DA0E602BFF84FFDF6C6B5803FB5B360D" box="[1136,1267,603,627]" county="Res. Station" latitude="8.7703" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-3.7897" municipality="Park" name="Res. Station" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" stateProvince="Comoe">Res. Station</location>
,
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<elevation id="54FCD1C3FF84FFDF6CE55804FA92360D" box="[1278,1338,603,627]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.91" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" unit="m" value="191.0">191m</elevation>
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, foragers on path halfway, between station and river,
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<date id="AB6F1030FF84FFDF6B2358C2FC0336CB" box="[824,939,669,693]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" value="2019-04-07">
<collectingDate id="BB2BE9D8FF84FFDF6B2358C2FC0336CB" box="[824,939,669,693]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" value="2019-04-07">2019.04.07</collectingDate>
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–CI 55’; depository SMN Görlitz.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF84FFDF6B5458E1FB323689" blockId="21.[824,1437,241,1976]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF84FFDF6B5458E1FBFD36A8" bold="true" box="[847,1109,702,726]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">All material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="6FB93CADFF84FFDF6C7F58E1FB3E3689" country="Ivory Coast" location="Ivory Coast" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCount="3" typeStatus="holotype">
Only the
<specimenCount id="C9D7FD79FF84FFDF6CD658E1FA9536A8" box="[1229,1341,702,726]" count="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="generic" typeStatus="type">three type</specimenCount>
samples from
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF84FFDF6B685880FC593689" box="[883,1009,735,759]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
were available
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF84FFDF6B5458A0FBE93747" blockId="21.[824,1437,241,1976]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF84FFDF6B5458A0FB8A3766" bold="true" box="[847,1058,767,792]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Geographic range</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="6FB93CADFF84FFDF6C2E595FFB953747" country="Ivory Coast" location="Ivory Coast" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
Only known from the
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localities in
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF84FFDF6BA7597EFB953747" box="[956,1085,801,825]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF84FFDC6B54591EFDFB35D0" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF84FFDC6B54591EFD953532" blockId="21.[824,1437,241,1976]" lastBlockId="22.[151,764,241,496]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF84FFDF6B54591EFC163727" bold="true" box="[847,958,833,857]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: --Worker (
<tableCitation id="9253034BFF84FFDF6C4C591EFB033727" box="[1111,1195,833,857]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="26.[150,203,1476,1497]" captionText="Table 2. Workers of the C. wroughtonii group with mean FL/FR&gt; 1.040 and originating from Africa and theArabian Peninsula. Sequence of data: arithmetic mean ± standard deviation [minimum, maximum]." pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
, Figs 44–48, key). Extremely small, CS 377 µm. Head elongated, CL/CW 1.189. Median third of anterior clypeal margin slightly concave, median third of occipital margin straight. Postocular distance large, PoOc/CL 0.457. Frons very narrow (FRS/CS 0.219), widening frontad (FL/FR 1.063), caudal of FRS level parallel. Eye without any microsetae and rather smalll, EYE/CS 0.232. Scape moderately long, SL/CS 0.786. Metanotal groove in profile in absolute terms rather deep (MGr/CS 3.25 %) but with shallow slopes to mesonotum and propodeum. Prododeal spines long (SP/CS 0.201), thin and acute; in profile deviating from longitudinal mesosomal axis by only 25°, in dorsal view slightly diverging and and slightly incurved; their bases narrow (SPBA/CS 0.240). Petiole very narrow and moderately high (PeW/CS 0.234, PeH/CS 0.333); in lateral view with a concave anterior face and a long weakly convex dorsal profile; petiole in dorsal view very slender, its node 1.5 fold as long as wide and narrowing frontad. Postpetiole rather wide and low (PpW/CS 0.454, PpH/CS 0.276); the sternite anterolaterally with a rounded lobiform protrusion on each side which clearly elevates above the level of median surface of sternite; the surface of the sternite thus appearing deeply concave in frontal view. Postpetiole in dorsal view with a concave anterior margin and convex sides. Anterior clypeus with fine transverse rugulae. Vertex with densely-arranged, flat-bottomed and moderately large foveolae (dFov 16.7). The largest foveolae show a flat tubercle around the hair base of 6–8 µm diameter which is sometimes connected with the outer ring through 1–2 fine microcarinulae (
<figureCitation id="47EA2A75FF84FFDF6C405D62FB18332B" box="[1115,1200,1853,1877]" captionStart="Figure 47–48" captionStartId="14.[151,215,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1398,261,1741]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 47–48. Cardiocondyla heinzei n.sp., holotype, Comoe / Ivory Coast, 4 April 2019. (47) head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. (48) anterior dorsum of 1st gaster tergite. Figure 49–51: Cardiocondyla neferka, holotype, Mampong / Ghana, 10 February 1970; from www.antweb.org CASENT0901747, images by Ryan Perry. (49) head in dorsal view; (50) lateral view; (51) dorsal view." pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
). Whole lateral area of mesosoma microreticulate, promesontum foveolate-reticulate. Petiole microreticulate, postpetiole more shiny. First gaster tergite with a rather long and dense pubescence (PLG/CS 7.12%, sqPDG 4.14) and a weak microreticulum (
<figureCitation id="47EA2A75FF87FFDC69545B4DFE373554" box="[335,415,274,298]" captionStart="Figure 47–48" captionStartId="14.[151,215,1787,1809]" captionTargetBox="[151,1398,261,1741]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 47–48. Cardiocondyla heinzei n.sp., holotype, Comoe / Ivory Coast, 4 April 2019. (47) head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. (48) anterior dorsum of 1st gaster tergite. Figure 49–51: Cardiocondyla neferka, holotype, Mampong / Ghana, 10 February 1970; from www.antweb.org CASENT0901747, images by Ryan Perry. (49) head in dorsal view; (50) lateral view; (51) dorsal view." pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
). All body parts yellowish with exception of the blackish brown gaster.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF87FFDC68B55B0BFDFB35D0" blockId="22.[151,764,241,496]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF87FFDC68B55B0BFE063512" bold="true" box="[174,430,340,364]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Taxonomic comments.</emphasis>
As a combination of large CL/ CW and small PeW/CS and FRS/CS not confuse with other members of the
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF87FFDC69985BC9FDAE35D0" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[387,518,406,430]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF87FFDC69985BC9FDAE35D0" box="[387,518,406,430]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF87FFDC68B55BE8FE2B358E" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF87FFDC68B55BE8FE2B358E" blockId="22.[151,764,241,496]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF87FFDC68B55BE8FEA335B1" bold="true" box="[174,267,439,463]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Biology.</emphasis>
The workers foraged on ground in both open and woody situations.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

120
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<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF85FFDE68B55E78FD533041" blockId="20.[151,764,1063,1975]" box="[174,763,1063,1088]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<heading id="8426819CFF85FFDE68B55E78FD533041" box="[174,763,1063,1088]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" reason="4">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE68B55E78FD533041" bold="true" box="[174,763,1063,1088]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF85FFDE68B55E78FDB43041" authority="Seifert 2003" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2003" box="[174,540,1063,1087]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE68B55E78FE383041" bold="true" box="[174,400,1063,1087]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Cardiocondyla nana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BB404B01FF85FFDE698F5E78FDB43041" author="Seifert, B." box="[404,540,1063,1087]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" pagination="203 - 338" refId="ref19624" refString="Seifert, B. (2003): The ant genus Cardiocondyla (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - a taxonomic revision of the C. elegans, C. bulgarica, C. batesii, C. nuda, C. shuckardi, C. stambuloffii, C. wroughtonii, C. emeryi, and C. minutior species groups. - Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien, Serie B, 104: 203 - 338." type="journal article" year="2003">Seifert 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
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investigation]
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF85FFDE68B55E17FEE230BD" blockId="20.[151,764,1063,1975]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<materialsCitation id="6FB93CADFF85FFDE68B55E17FEEE30BD" collectionCode="T, MC, BMNH" country="Brunei" location="Day'" municipality="Ulu" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Temburong" typeStatus="holotype">
This taxon has been described from Brunei. Investigated was the
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF85FFDE69175E36FEC330FF" box="[268,363,1129,1153]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
worker labelled ‘
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF85FFDE6A545E36FD1330FF" box="[591,699,1129,1153]" name="Brunei" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">BRUNEI</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="3F0AAC8AFF85FFDE6AC85E36FD5330FF" box="[723,763,1129,1153]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Ulu</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingRegion id="1D15F812FF85FFDE688C5ED5FEBA30DC" box="[151,274,1162,1186]" country="Brunei" name="Temburong" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Temburong</collectingRegion>
L.P.-283.m.
<collectionCode id="B9C0AE35FF85FFDE69835ED5FE0230DC" box="[408,426,1162,1186]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">T</collectionCode>
. 22.ii.82.
<collectionCode id="B9C0AE35FF85FFDE6A155ED5FD9430DC" box="[526,572,1162,1186]" country="0" name="Museo de Cipolleti" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">MC</collectionCode>
.
<location id="DA0E602BFF85FFDE6A5B5ED5FDDF30DC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:577887E6FF85FFDE68B55E78FC5730DC:DA0E602BFF85FFDE6A5B5ED5FDDF30DC" box="[576,631,1162,1186]" country="Brunei" municipality="Ulu" name="Day'" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" stateProvince="Temburong">Day’</location>
, depository
<collectionCode id="B9C0AE35FF85FFDE688C5EF3FF4030BD" box="[151,232,1196,1219]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">BMNH</collectionCode>
London
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF85FFDE68B55E93FE523138" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF85FFDE68B55E93FF41317B" blockId="20.[151,764,1063,1975]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE68B55E93FE12309A" bold="true" box="[174,442,1228,1252]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">All material examined</emphasis>
. Only the
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF85FFDE6A205E93FDC3309A" box="[571,619,1228,1252]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">type</typeStatus>
specimen is known.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF85FFDE68B55F52FE523138" blockId="20.[151,764,1063,1975]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE68B55F52FE2B3158" bold="true" box="[174,387,1293,1318]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Geographic range</emphasis>
. The
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF85FFDE69D65F51FE553158" box="[461,509,1294,1318]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">type</typeStatus>
locality is situated at
<geoCoordinate id="BAE55037FF85FFDE688C5F70FF773139" box="[151,223,1327,1351]" degrees="1.47" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" precision="555" value="-1.47">1.47°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BAE55037FF85FFDE68F15F71FEF03138" box="[234,344,1326,1350]" degrees="123.559" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" precision="55" value="123.559">123.559°E</geoCoordinate>
and
<quantity id="18299B15FF85FFDE69965F70FE6B3138" box="[397,451,1327,1351]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF85FFDE68B55F10FAA230FF" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF85FFDE68B55F10FB313061" blockId="20.[151,764,1063,1975]" lastBlockId="20.[786,1399,241,1186]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE68B55F10FEB23119" bold="true" box="[174,282,1359,1383]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: --Worker (
<tableCitation id="9253034BFF85FFDE69945F10FE673116" box="[399,463,1359,1384]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="26.[151,204,245,266]" captionText="Table 1. Workers of the C. wroughtonii group of Orientalic-Australasian origin with mean FL/FR &lt;1.040. Sequence of data: arithmetic mean ± standard deviation [minimum, maximum]." pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
, Figs16–18, key).Extremely small, CS 366 µm. Head extremely short, CL/CW 1.069. Median third of anterior clypeal margin deeply, median third of occipital margin slightly concave. Postocular distance large, PoOc/CL 0.464. Frons moderately broad (FRS/CS 0.266), frontal carinae diverging caudad. Eye without any microsetae and small, EYE/CS 0.220. Scape rather long, SL/CS 0.818. Metanotal groove in lateral view relatively deep (MGr/CS 2.50 %). Propodeal spines long and thin, rather steep, in profile deviating from longitudinal mesosomal axis by 43° (SP/CS 0.192), in dorsal view strongly diverging and their bases moderately wide (SPBA/ CS 0.277). Petiole rather narrow and moderately high (PeW/CS 0.264, PeH/CS 0.336); in profile with almost linear (only slightly concave) anterior face and semicircular dorsum; in dorsal view with rather slender peduncle and almost globular node, which is slightly longer than wide. Postpetiole moderately wide and low (PpW/CS 0.426, PpH/CS 0.289); the sternite anterolaterally with a rounded lobiform protrusion on each side which clearly elevates above the level of median surface of sternite; the surface of the sternite thus appearing deeply concave in frontal view. Postpetiole in dorsal view with a concave anterior margin and convex sides. Anterior clypeus smooth, not shining. Frontal laminae and anteromedian vertex with weak microsculpture, consisting of an irregular mixture of corrugated, foveolate, and carinulate elements. Paramedian and lateral areas of vertex with a unique sculpture: densely-arranged, deeply impressed, flat-bottomed and very large foveae of 19–23 µm diameter. The largest foveolae show a well-demarcated central ring of 8–9 µm diameter which is connected with the outer ring through 2–4 very fine microcarinulae in 90° cross-wire arrangement, such suggesting a four-leaf clover; in the smaller foveolae the number of microcarinulae may be reduced. Whole lateral area of mesosoma, anterior area of pronotum, and dorsal area of propodeum strongly microreticulate; dorsal area of promesonotum similarly foveate as paramedian vertex. Longitudinal sculpture on whole mesosoma, including metapleural gland bulla, completely absent. Petiole strongly microreticulate, postpetiole shining, very finely microreticulate. Pubescence on first gaster tergite moderately long and very dilute (PLG/CS 6.29 %, sqPDG 5.60). All body parts light-yellowish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF85FFDE6B325E78FAA230FF" blockId="20.[786,1399,241,1186]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE6B325E78FB82303E" bold="true" box="[809,1066,1063,1088]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Taxonomic comments.</emphasis>
This species is not to confuse due to extremely small size, the extremely low CL/CW and the large characteristic foveolae on vertex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF85FFDE6B325ED5FC5730DC" box="[809,1023,1162,1186]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF85FFDE6B325ED5FC5730DC" blockId="20.[786,1399,241,1186]" box="[809,1023,1162,1186]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE6B325ED5FC2D30DC" bold="true" box="[809,901,1162,1186]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Biology.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

194
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<treatment id="577887E6FF85FFDF6B325F71FE12328C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:577887E6FF85FFDF6B325F71FE12328C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/577887E6FF85FFDF6B325F71FE12328C" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF85FFDE6B325F71FB713138" authority="Seifert 2023" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2023" box="[809,1241,1326,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="allonivalis">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE6B325F71FB713138" bold="true" box="[809,1241,1326,1350]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE6B325F71FBE03138" bold="true" box="[809,1096,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Cardiocondyla allonivalis</emphasis>
Seifert 2023
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF85FFDE6B325F10FBAD3119" blockId="20.[809,1029,1359,1383]" box="[809,1029,1359,1383]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<heading id="8426819CFF85FFDE6B325F10FBAD3119" bold="true" box="[809,1029,1359,1383]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE6B325F10FBAD3119" bold="true" box="[809,1029,1359,1383]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
[
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF85FFDE6B2B5F10FCCC3119" box="[816,868,1359,1383]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF85FFDE6B325F2FFA893272" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="description">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF85FFDE6B325F2FFA893272" blockId="20.[786,1399,1392,1976]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<materialsCitation id="6FB93CADFF85FFDE6B325F2FFA893272" collectingDate="2007-10-23" collectorName="Wanang &amp; Sogeram &amp; Janda &amp; Gorlitz." country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="95" latitude="145.267" location="This" municipality="Investigated" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-worker="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="DA0E602BFF85FFDE6B325F2FFCF231F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:577887E6FF85FFDF6B325F71FE12328C:DA0E602BFF85FFDE6B325F2FFCF231F6" box="[809,858,1392,1416]" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="145.267" municipality="Investigated" name="This" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">This</location>
taxon has been described from
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF85FFDE6CBF5F2EFADB31F6" box="[1188,1395,1392,1416]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="3F0AAC8AFF85FFDE6B095FCEFC3E31D7" box="[786,918,1425,1449]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Investigated</collectingMunicipality>
was the
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF85FFDE6BE25FCEFBF531D7" box="[1017,1117,1425,1449]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
and
<specimenCount id="C9D7FD79FF85FFDE6C8E5FCDFADE31D7" box="[1173,1398,1425,1450]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="worker" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype worker</specimenCount>
on separate pins, both labelled ‘PNG:
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,
<geoCoordinate id="BAE55037FF85FFDE6CE45FEDFADB31B4" box="[1279,1395,1458,1482]" degrees="145.267" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" precision="55" value="145.267">145.267°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectorName id="72245326FF85FFDE6B095F8CFCC53195" box="[786,877,1491,1515]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Wanang</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="72245326FF85FFDE6B605F8CFC733195" box="[891,987,1491,1515]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Sogeram</collectorName>
riv.
<quantity id="18299B15FF85FFDE6C095F8CFBE63194" box="[1042,1102,1491,1515]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" unit="m" value="95.0">
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</quantity>
,
<collectingMethod id="06904EE7FF85FFDE6C465F8CFB173194" box="[1117,1215,1491,1515]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Bait trap</collectingMethod>
– ground – D4, coll.
<collectorName id="72245326FF85FFDE6B5C5FABFC2C3272" box="[839,900,1524,1548]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Janda</collectorName>
<date id="AB6F1030FF85FFDE6B975FABFBAD3272" box="[908,1029,1524,1548]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" value="2007-10-23">
<collectingDate id="BB2BE9D8FF85FFDE6B975FABFBAD3272" box="[908,1029,1524,1548]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" value="2007-10-23">2007.10.23</collectingDate>
</date>
’; depository SMN
<collectorName id="72245326FF85FFDE6CD65FABFA893272" box="[1229,1313,1524,1548]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Görlitz.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF85FFDE6B325C4BFB253308" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF85FFDE6B325C4BFB3432AF" blockId="20.[786,1399,1392,1976]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE6B325C4BFB843252" bold="true" box="[809,1068,1556,1580]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">All material examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="6FB93CADFF85FFDE6C215C4AFB3F32AF" collectionCode="CASENT" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Papua New Guinea" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" specimenCode="CASENT0914964" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-worker="5">
Examined were four samples with
<specimenCount id="C9D7FD79FF85FFDE6B495C69FC763230" box="[850,990,1590,1614]" count="5" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="worker">five workers</specimenCount>
from
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF85FFDE6C295C69FABB3230" box="[1074,1299,1590,1614]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
– three samples through direct stereomicroscopic evaluation and one sample through photo evaluation of the specimen
<specimenCode id="8F779E8BFF85FFDE6B095CC7FC7C32CE" box="[786,980,1688,1712]" collectionCode="CASENT" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">CASENT0914964</specimenCode>
in www.antweb.org. For details see supplementary information SI1, SI2
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF85FFDE6B325C85FB253308" blockId="20.[786,1399,1392,1976]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE6B325C85FC52328C" bold="true" box="[809,1018,1754,1778]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Geographic range</emphasis>
.
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species is so far only known from sea level up to
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in four sites in
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:
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(
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,
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;
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(
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,
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)
</materialsCitation>
,
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<location id="DA0E602BFF85FFDE6C175D62FB37332B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:577887E6FF85FFDF6B325F71FE12328C:DA0E602BFF85FFDE6C175D62FB37332B" box="[1036,1183,1853,1877]" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-9.3" longLatPrecision="780" longitude="147.42" name="Goldie River" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Goldie River</location>
(
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)
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and
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(
<geoCoordinate id="BAE55037FF85FFDE6BD35D01FBB93308" box="[968,1041,1886,1910]" degrees="8.77" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" precision="555" value="-8.77">8.77°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BAE55037FF85FFDE6C005D01FB293308" box="[1051,1153,1886,1910]" degrees="148.24" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" precision="555" value="148.24">148.24°E</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF85FFDF6B325D21FD2032CE" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="20" pageNumber="133" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF85FFDE6B325D21FADE33C9" blockId="20.[786,1399,1392,1976]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF85FFDE6B325D21FC3D33E8" bold="true" box="[809,917,1918,1942]" pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: --Worker (Figs 19–22,
<tableCitation id="9253034BFF85FFDE6CA45D21FAA333E8" box="[1215,1291,1918,1942]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="26.[151,204,245,266]" captionText="Table 1. Workers of the C. wroughtonii group of Orientalic-Australasian origin with mean FL/FR &lt;1.040. Sequence of data: arithmetic mean ± standard deviation [minimum, maximum]." pageId="20" pageNumber="133">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
, pictures CASENT0914964 in ww.antweb.org): Very small size,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF84FFDF68A65AADFD003230" blockId="21.[189,802,241,1778]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
CS 380. Head moderately long (CL/CW 1.137); with maximum CL and CW in visual plane, its posterior margin straight or very slightly concave and anterior clypeal margin slightly concave. Postocular distance rather large, PoOc/CL 0.440. Scape rather long, SL/CS 0.808. Eye relatively large, EYE/CS 0.242. Frons rather narrow with short and almost parallel frontal carinae, FRS/CS 0.299, FL/FR 1.017. Mesosoma slender; dorsal profile of promesonotum and propodeum slightly convex but with a notable metanotal depression. Anterior pronotum in dorsal view rounded, without pronounced corners. Propodeal spines short (SP/CS 0.185), in dorsal view slightly diverging, in lateral view nearly straight and their axis deviating 26–28° from longitudinal axis of mesosoma. Petiole wide and high (PeW/CS 0.319, PeH/CS 0.363), in lateral view with a short peduncle, a concave anterior margin, a weakly convex dorsum of node that more or less linearly slopes down to caudal cylinder; petiole in dorsal view with a semiglobular node which is slightly wider than long. Postpetiole moderately wide and very high (PpW/CS 0.470, PpH/CS 0.356), in dorsal view much wider than long and with a concave anterior and slightly convex posterior margin when these margins are adjusted to the same focal level; the sternite anterolaterally with a rounded lobiform protrusion on each side which clearly elevates above the level of median surface of sternite; the surface of the sternite thus appearing deeply concave in frontal view. Whole surface of dorsal head with circular foveolae that show a flat central tubercle, mean dFov 15.5 µm; the interspaces between foveolae on vertex smaller than foveolar diameter and delicately longitudinally striate (Fig. 22). Microsculpture on dorsum of mesosoma weaker than on vertex, microreticulate-corrugated and without foveolae; lateral mesosoma microreticulate. Petiole laterally finely microreticulate, dorsally more microcorrugated. Postpetiole finely microcorrugated and in overall appearance matt. Basal part of 1
<superScript id="28A49BB8FF84FFDF6A9E5FCFFD2731E0" attach="left" box="[645,655,1424,1438]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">st</superScript>
gaster tergite very finely microreticulate and appearing rather shiny at lower magnifications. Pubescence on 1st gaster tergite of medium length and rather dilute (PLG/CS 6.44 %, sqPDG 4.36]. Gaster jet black and all remaining body parts excluding the eyes very pale yellowish brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF84FFDF68CF5C09FD2032CE" blockId="21.[189,802,241,1778]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF84FFDF68CF5C09FE7D3211" bold="true" box="[212,469,1622,1647]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Taxonomic comments.</emphasis>
As a combination of high and wide postpetiole, long scape and (probably) diagnostic coloration,
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF84FFDF692C5CC6FE6032CE" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2023" box="[311,456,1688,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="allonivalis">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF84FFDF692C5CC6FE6032CE" box="[311,456,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">C. allonivalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not to confuse.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF84FFDF68CF5CE6FE12328C" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF84FFDF68CF5CE6FE12328C" blockId="21.[189,802,241,1778]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF84FFDF68CF5CE6FE8132AF" bold="true" box="[212,297,1721,1745]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">Biology</emphasis>
. One nest was found by P.S. Ward in soil of a semi-dry littoral forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

201
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<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF86FFDD68CF5F2FFDF531F6" bold="true" box="[212,605,1392,1416]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF86FFDD68CF5F2FFE6431F6" bold="true" box="[212,460,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Cardiocondyla yoruba</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF86FFDD68CF5FCEFE1831D7" bold="true" box="[212,432,1425,1449]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
[
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investigation]
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<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF86FFDD68CF5FEDFE1A330B" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" type="description">
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taxon has been described from
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.
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were
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on the same pin with the site equal to the
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(see
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in www. antweb.org), labelled ‘
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,
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.xi.87,
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.Noyes’ (handwritten), ‘
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, det. F.
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’ (handwritten),
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London
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.
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<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF86FFDD68CF5CC7FE6632CE" bold="true" box="[212,462,1688,1712]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Allmaterialexamined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="6FB93CADFF86FFDD69CC5CC7FF56336D" country="Ivory Coast" location="Bondoukou" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-worker="11">
Morphometricallyinvestigated were two samples with
<specimenCount id="C9D7FD79FF86FFDD69DE5CE5FDCD32AF" box="[453,613,1721,1745]" count="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" type="worker">seven workers</specimenCount>
: the
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF86FFDD6A875CE5FD6432AC" box="[668,716,1722,1746]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">type</typeStatus>
sample plus a sample of
<specimenCount id="C9D7FD79FF86FFDD699A5C85FDA6328C" box="[385,526,1754,1778]" count="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" type="worker">four workers</specimenCount>
from
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/
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF86FFDD6AFC5C85FF56336D" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF86FFDD68CF5D44FE1A330B" blockId="23.[189,802,1458,1976]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF86FFDD68CF5D44FE01334A" bold="true" box="[212,425,1819,1844]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Geographic range</emphasis>
. Known so far only from West Africa:
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF86FFDD69155D62FEFD332B" box="[270,341,1853,1877]" name="Ghana" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Ghana</collectingCountry>
(by image evaluation of CASENT0901752),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF86FFDD68A65D01FE923308" box="[189,314,1886,1910]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF86FFDD69745D02FE06330B" box="[367,430,1885,1909]" name="Niger" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Niger</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF86FFD268CF5D21FDC83535" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF86FFDD68CF5D21FC8A33C9" blockId="23.[189,802,1458,1976]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF86FFDD68CF5D21FEEB33E8" bold="true" box="[212,323,1918,1942]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: --Worker (
<tableCitation id="9253034BFF86FFDD69D75D21FDB033E8" box="[460,536,1918,1942]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="26.[150,203,1476,1497]" captionText="Table 2. Workers of the C. wroughtonii group with mean FL/FR&gt; 1.040 and originating from Africa and theArabian Peninsula. Sequence of data: arithmetic mean ± standard deviation [minimum, maximum]." pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
, Figs 6–10, key). Very small, CS 380 µm. Head very long, CL/CW 1.247.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF86FFDD6B235AAEFB143210" blockId="23.[824,1437,241,1976]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Median third of anterior clypeal margin straight, median third of occipital margin slightly concave. Postocular distance large, PoOc/CL 0.459. Frons relatively narrow (FRS/CS 0.245); frontal carinae slightly diverging frontal of FRS level (FL/FR 1.063), caudal of FRS level parallel or slightly converging. Eye rather small, EYE/CS 0.240 and with scattered microsetae of 6–7 µm length. Scape very short, SL/CS 0.724. Metanotal depression shallow (MGr/CS 1.27 %). Propodeal spines short (SP/CS 0.120) and almost triangular in lateral view, their axis in profile deviating from longitudinal mesosomal axis by 25°, in dorsal view not diverging and their bases moderately wide (SPBA/CS 0.275). Petiole rather narrow and moderately high (PeW/CS 0.274, PeH/CS 0.334); in profile with a concave anterior face and semicircular dorsum; in dorsal view with an almost globular node, which is only slightly longer than wide. Postpetiole narrow and low (PpW/CS 0.427, PpH/CS 0.288); postpetiolar sternite anterolaterally with a rounded lobiform protrusion on each side which clearly elevates above the level of median surface of sternite; the surface of the sternite thus appearing deeply concave in frontal view. Postpetiole in dorsal view with a straight to slightly concave anterior margin and convex sides. Lateral parts of clypeus each with 2–3 rugulae, central part slightly carinulate-reticulate. Frontal laminae with weak microsculpture, consisting of an irregular mixture of microrugulate, foveolate and microreticulate elements. Whole vertex foveolate, mediad of the eyes with densely-arranged, flat-bottomed foveolae of 14–16 µm diameter. The largest foveolae show a well-demarcated but flat central tubercule of 6–8 µm diameter around the hair bases (Fig. 9). Whole surface of mesosoma foveolate-microreticulate; petiole strongly and postpetiolar tergite less strongly microreticulate. First gaster tergite with moderately long and dense pubescence (PLG/CS 6.89 %, sqPDG 3.86) and a more strongly developed microreticum, with the hair bases placed in microfoveolae of 4–6 µm diameter (Fig. 10). The microreticulum is an optical illusion in perpendicular view on the surface that is produced by the margins of roof-tile-like surface structures. Color: whole dorsum of gaster blackish brown and all remaining body parts yellowish or yellowish-brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF86FFD26B545C28FDC83535" blockId="23.[824,1437,241,1976]" lastBlockId="24.[151,764,241,529]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF86FFDD6B545C28FBFC32F1" bold="true" box="[847,1108,1655,1679]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Taxonomic comments.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF86FFDD6C7A5C27FB7B32F1" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2024" box="[1121,1235,1655,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yoruba">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF86FFDD6C7A5C27FB7B32F1" box="[1121,1235,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">C. yoruba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is inseparable in a PCA from
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF86FFDD6BD05CC6FB9232CE" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2024" box="[971,1082,1689,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yemeni">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF86FFDD6BD05CC6FB9232CE" box="[971,1082,1689,1712]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">C. yemeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
considering all 16 NUMOBAT characters: the
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF86FFDD6BFA5CE5FBB932AC" box="[993,1041,1722,1746]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">type</typeStatus>
samples of
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF86FFDD6C825CE5FB4D32AF" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2024" box="[1177,1253,1722,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yemeni">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF86FFDD6C825CE5FB4D32AF" box="[1177,1253,1722,1745]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">yemeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF86FFDD6D045CE6FAC432AF" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2024" box="[1311,1388,1721,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yoruba">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF86FFDD6D045CE6FAC432AF" box="[1311,1388,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">yoruba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the non-type sample of
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF86FFDD6C535C85FB3D328C" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2024" box="[1096,1173,1754,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yoruba">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF86FFDD6C535C85FB3D328C" box="[1096,1173,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">yoruba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF86FFDD6CFB5C85FAF5328F" box="[1248,1373,1754,1778]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Ivory coast</collectingCountry>
form a coherent cluster in a PCA (
<figureCitation id="47EA2A75FF86FFDD6C615CA4FB62336D" box="[1146,1226,1787,1811]" captionStart="Figure 54" captionStartId="24.[151,215,1886,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1399,1160,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-477@24.[169,1205,1180,1850]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 54. Principal component analysis of worker individuals considering all 16 morphometric characters. Triangles: Cardiocondyla weserka (grey: type of weserka, black: type of neferka, white: no type). Grey discs: syntypes of Cardiocondyla yemeni (Black rhombs: types of Cardiocondyla yoruba. White rhombs: C. yoruba sample from Comoe / Ivory coast). Black squares: Holotype and eight paratypes of Cardiocondyla heinzei n.sp. from Comoe / Ivory coast." pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
). However, I stood back from synonymization of
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF86FFDD6C605D43FB60334A" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2024" box="[1147,1224,1820,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yoruba">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF86FFDD6C605D43FB60334A" box="[1147,1224,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">yoruba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the very remote allopatric ranges, the blackish brown gaster not observed so far in the
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF86FFDD6C2A5D01FBD5330B" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2024" box="[1073,1149,1886,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yemeni">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF86FFDD6C2A5D01FBD5330B" box="[1073,1149,1886,1909]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">yemeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
samples from
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF86FFDD6D395D01FAC5330B" box="[1314,1389,1886,1909]" name="Yemen" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Yemen</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF86FFDD6B235D21FCD233E8" box="[824,890,1918,1942]" name="Oman" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Oman</collectingCountry>
and because of the stronger microsculpture of
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF86FFDD6B235DC0FC2D33C9" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2024" box="[824,901,1951,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yoruba">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF86FFDD6B235DC0FC2D33C9" box="[824,901,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">yoruba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in particular on first gaster tergite. We have to wait if
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF89FFD268F85AAEFE983577" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2024" box="[227,304,241,265]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yoruba">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF89FFD268F85AAEFE983577" box="[227,304,241,265]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">yoruba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be more convingly demonstrated as a separate cryptic species when plenty of samples were analyzed morphometrically or genetically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF89FFD268B55B0BFEBF366E" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF89FFD268B55B0BFEBF366E" blockId="24.[151,764,241,529]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF89FFD268B55B0BFEA33512" bold="true" box="[174,267,340,364]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Biology.</emphasis>
The species is seems to follow other
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF89FFD2688C5B2AFE3D35F3" box="[151,405,373,397]" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF89FFD2688C5B2AFE9135F3" box="[151,313,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Cardiocondyla</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by living in anthropogenously disturbed areas. As habitats were reported a grassy patch adjacent to a paved road in the urban center of Accra /
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF89FFD2688C5B87FF76358E" box="[151,222,472,496]" name="Ghana" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Ghana</collectingCountry>
and a path in the suburban area of Bondoukou /
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF89FFD2688C5BA6FEBB366E" box="[151,275,505,529]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Ivory coast</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

137
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<treatment id="577887E6FF87FFDD6B325E59FEBE309D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:577887E6FF87FFDD6B325E59FEBE309D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/577887E6FF87FFDD6B325E59FEBE309D" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
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<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF87FFDC6B325E59FACE3060" blockId="22.[809,1382,1030,1055]" box="[809,1382,1030,1055]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
<heading id="8426819CFF87FFDC6B325E59FACE3060" box="[809,1382,1030,1055]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF87FFDC6B325E59FACE3060" authority="Collingwood &amp; Agosti 1996" authorityName="Collingwood &amp; Agosti" authorityYear="1996" box="[809,1382,1030,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yemeni">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF87FFDC6B325E59FACE3060" bold="true" box="[809,1382,1030,1055]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF87FFDC6B325E59FB8B3061" bold="true" box="[809,1059,1030,1055]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Cardiocondyla yemeni</emphasis>
Collingwood &amp; Agosti 1996
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF87FFDC6B325E77FBAD3041" blockId="22.[809,1029,1063,1088]" box="[809,1029,1063,1088]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
<heading id="8426819CFF87FFDC6B325E77FBAD3041" bold="true" box="[809,1029,1063,1088]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF87FFDC6B325E77FBAD3041" bold="true" box="[809,1029,1063,1088]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
[
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF87FFDC6B2B5E77FCCC303E" box="[816,868,1064,1088]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">type</typeStatus>
investigation]
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF87FFDC6B325E17FAF13195" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" type="description">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF87FFDC6B325E17FBC13138" blockId="22.[786,1399,1096,1975]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
This taxon has been described from
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF87FFDC6C855E16FB45301E" box="[1182,1261,1097,1120]" name="Yemen" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Yemen</collectingCountry>
. Investigated wasonetypeworkerlabelledinCollingwoodshandwriting ‘
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF87FFDC6B0D5ED5FCD730DC" box="[790,895,1162,1186]" name="Yemen" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">YEMEN</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="1D15F812FF87FFDC6B9C5ED5FC4D30DC" box="[903,997,1162,1186]" country="Yemen" name="San'a'" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">SANAA</collectingRegion>
(sandy path)
<date id="AB6F1030FF87FFDC6C695ED5FB4230DC" box="[1138,1258,1162,1186]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" value="1993-03-05">05 03 1993</date>
’, ‘Typus’ and ‘
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF87FFDC6B0D5EF4FC1030BD" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1869" box="[790,952,1195,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cardiocondyla</taxonomicName>
yemeni’; one topotypical worker, without postpetiole and gaster, labelled ‘
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF87FFDC6C735E92FAC6309A" box="[1128,1390,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF87FFDC6C735E92FB68309A" box="[1128,1216,1229,1252]" name="Yemen" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">YEMEN</collectingCountry>
<collectingRegion id="1D15F812FF87FFDC6CDD5E93FAA7309D" box="[1222,1295,1228,1251]" country="Yemen" name="San'a'" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Sana’a</collectingRegion>
17 III 93
</emphasis>
’ (day not clearly legible, other possible reading
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF87FFDC6D195EB2FAC4317B" box="[1282,1388,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">‘27 III 93’</emphasis>
) and ‘
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF87FFDC6B5F5F51FB953158" authorityName="Seifert" authorityYear="2024" box="[836,1085,1294,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yemeni" status="sp. nov.">Cardiocondyla yemeni</taxonomicName>
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Collingwood &amp; Agosti 1996’; depository SMN Görlitz.
</paragraph>
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All material examined. Morphometrically investigated were only the
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samples.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF87FFDC6B325FCEFBAA31D7" bold="true" box="[809,1026,1425,1449]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Geographic range</emphasis>
. Known so far only from the Arabian Peninsula:
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and
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF87FFDC6CB85FEDFB4D31B4" box="[1187,1253,1458,1482]" name="Oman" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Oman</collectingCountry>
(by image evaluation of CASENT0922296 in www.antweb.org).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF87FFDC6B325FABFC323272" bold="true" box="[809,922,1524,1548]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: --Worker (
<tableCitation id="9253034BFF87FFDC6C3B5FABFBC33272" box="[1056,1131,1524,1548]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="26.[150,203,1476,1497]" captionText="Table 2. Workers of the C. wroughtonii group with mean FL/FR&gt; 1.040 and originating from Africa and theArabian Peninsula. Sequence of data: arithmetic mean ± standard deviation [minimum, maximum]." pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="47EA2A75FF87FFDC6C615FABFB5A3272" box="[1146,1266,1524,1548]" captionStart="Figure 11–15" captionStartId="8.[151,215,1755,1777]" captionTargetBox="[151,1399,259,1706]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 11–15. Cardiocondyla yemeni, type, Sanaa / Yemen, 5 March 1993. (11) head in dorsal view; (12) lateral view; (13) dorsal view; (14) head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. (15) anterior dorsum of 1st gaster tergite. Figure 16. Cardiocondyla nana, holotype, Ulu Temburong / Brunei 22 February 1982; from www.antweb.org CASENT0901757, images by Ryan Perry." pageId="22" pageNumber="135">Figs 11–15</figureCitation>
, key). Very small, CS 377 µm. Head very long, CL/CW 1.260. Median third of anterior clypeal margin straight, median third of occipital margin slightly concave. Postocular distance large, PoOc/CL 0.453. Frons relatively narrow (FRS/CS 0.242); frontal carinae slightly diverging frontal of FRS level (FL/FR 1.063), caudal of FRS level parallel or slightly converging. Eye rather small, EYE/ CS 0.238. Scape very short, SL/CS 0.724. Metanotal depression nearly absent (MGr/CS 0.55 %). Propodeal spines short (SP/CS 0.103) and almost triangular in lateral view, their axis in profile deviating from longitudinal mesosomal axis by 25°, in dorsal view not diverging and their bases relatively narrow (SPBA/CS 0.266).
</paragraph>
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Petiole rather narrow and moderately high (PeW/CS 0.276, PeH/CS 0.336); in profile with a concave anterior face and a semicircular dorsum; in dorsal view with an almost globular node, which is only slightly longer than wide. Postpetiole narrow and low (PpW/CS 0.430, PpH/CS 0.268); postpetiolar sternite anterolaterally with a rounded lobiform protrusion on each side which clearly elevates above the level of median surface of sternite; the surface of the sternite thus appearing deeply concave in frontal view. Postpetiole in dorsal view with a straight to slightly concave anterior margin and convex sides. Lateral parts of clypeus each with 2–3 rugulae, central part slightly carinulate-reticulate. Frontal laminae with weak microsculpture, consisting of an irregular mixture of microrugulate, foveolate and microreticulate elements. Whole vertex foveolate, mediad of the eyes with densely-arranged, flat-bottomed foveolae of 14–16 µm diameter. The largest foveolae show a well-demarcated but flat central tubercule of 6–8 µm diameter around the hair bases (
<figureCitation id="47EA2A75FF86FFDD6AD9593DFCBD3704" box="[706,789,866,890]" captionStart="Figure 11–15" captionStartId="8.[151,215,1755,1777]" captionTargetBox="[151,1399,259,1706]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 11–15. Cardiocondyla yemeni, type, Sanaa / Yemen, 5 March 1993. (11) head in dorsal view; (12) lateral view; (13) dorsal view; (14) head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. (15) anterior dorsum of 1st gaster tergite. Figure 16. Cardiocondyla nana, holotype, Ulu Temburong / Brunei 22 February 1982; from www.antweb.org CASENT0901757, images by Ryan Perry." pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Whole surface of mesosoma foveolate-microreticulate; petiole and postpetiolar tergite microreticulate. First gaster tergite with moderately long and dense pubescence (PLG/CS 6.78 %, sqPDG 3.76) and a weakly developed microreticulum, with the hair bases placed in microfoveolae of 4–6 µm diameter. All body parts yellowish or yellowish-brown.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF86FFDD68CF5E36FE7230FF" bold="true" box="[212,474,1129,1153]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Taxonomic comments.</emphasis>
For separation from closely related
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<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF86FFDD69165ED5FDAA30DC" box="[269,514,1162,1186]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Cardiocondyla yoruba</emphasis>
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see there.
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<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF86FFDD68CF5EF4FE9830BD" bold="true" box="[212,304,1195,1219]" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Biology.</emphasis>
As habitat was reported a sandy path in Saana /
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.
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Karavajev 1935
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[
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This taxon has been described from
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. Investigated were
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Karavaiev\ 5377. Coll. Karavaievi \
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Typus’; IZ
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. The type workers are allocated to the
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cluster with p = 0.9997 if run as wild-card in a LDA (for details see below).
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<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF9EFFC56B545E59FA8C3060" authority="Terayama 1999" authorityName="Terayama" authorityYear="1999" box="[847,1316,1030,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamauchii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF9EFFC56B545E59FA8C3060" bold="true" box="[847,1316,1030,1055]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF9EFFC56B545E59FBC63060" bold="true" box="[847,1134,1030,1054]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Cardiocondyla yamauchii</emphasis>
Terayama 1999
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF9EFFC56B545E77FB853041" blockId="15.[847,1069,1063,1088]" box="[847,1069,1063,1088]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">
<heading id="8426819CFF9EFFC56B545E77FB853041" bold="true" box="[847,1069,1063,1088]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" reason="3">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF9EFFC56B545E77FB853041" bold="true" box="[847,1069,1063,1088]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">
[
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF9EFFC56B4E5E77FC3C303E" box="[853,916,1064,1088]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">types</typeStatus>
investigated]
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF9EFFC56B545E17FC563158" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" type="description">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF9EFFC56B545E17FC563158" blockId="15.[824,1438,1096,1975]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">
<collectingRegion id="1D15F812FF9EFFC56B545E17FC18301E" box="[847,944,1096,1120]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
/
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF9EFFC56BDE5E17FBA9301E" box="[965,1025,1096,1120]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Japan</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="C9D7FD79FF9EFFC56C155E17FBDB301E" box="[1038,1139,1096,1120]" count="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" type="worker">3 worker</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF9EFFC56C645E16FB41301F" box="[1151,1257,1097,1121]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
from the same sample as
<typeStatus id="006A8852FF9EFFC56BA65E36FBB730FF" box="[957,1055,1129,1153]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: ‘Ada, Okinawa-jima
<collectingRegion id="1D15F812FF9EFFC56D205E36FCC230DC" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Okinawa Pref.</collectingRegion>
<date id="AB6F1030FF9EFFC56B665ED5FC4630DC" box="[893,1006,1162,1186]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" value="1991-06-12">12.VI.1991</date>
K.Yamauchi leg.’ and ‘
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF9EFFC56CE15ED5FBC230BD" authority="Terayama, 1999" authorityName="Terayama" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamauchii">Cardiocondyla yamauchii Terayama, 1999</taxonomicName>
, Paratype’, SMN Goerlitz. The type workers are allocated to the
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF9EFFC56CEF5E93FA34309A" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[1268,1436,1228,1252]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF9EFFC56CEF5E93FA34309A" box="[1268,1436,1228,1252]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">C. wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cluster with p = 0.9958 if run as wild-card in a LDA (for details see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF9EFFC56B545F71FC18330B" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF9EFFC56B545F71FB0232F1" blockId="15.[824,1438,1096,1975]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF9EFFC56B545F71FBF23138" bold="true" box="[847,1114,1326,1350]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">All material examined</emphasis>
. Numeric phenotypical data were available in 64 samples (51 nest samples and 17 single-specimen stray samples) with
<specimenCount id="C9D7FD79FF9EFFC56CC75F2FFAC031F6" box="[1244,1384,1392,1416]" count="140" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" type="worker">140 workers</specimenCount>
. For details see supplementary information SI1, SI2. Excluding single-specimen samples with unclear separation from
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF9EFFC56B235F8CFC683195" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1929" box="[824,960,1491,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF9EFFC56B235F8CFC683195" box="[824,960,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">C. obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this material originated from
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF9EFFC56D0B5F8CFADC3195" box="[1296,1396,1491,1515]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Australia</collectingCountry>
(10 samples),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF9EFFC56BBF5FABFC463272" box="[932,1006,1524,1548]" name="Brunei" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Brunei</collectingCountry>
(1), the Comores (1),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF9EFFC56CC75FABFAB53272" box="[1244,1309,1524,1548]" name="Egypt" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(1), Hawaii (4),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF9EFFC56B7A5C4AFC313253" box="[865,921,1557,1581]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">India</collectingCountry>
(1),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF9EFFC56BDC5C4AFB983253" box="[967,1072,1557,1581]" name="Indonesia" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(7),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF9EFFC56C7B5C4AFB353252" box="[1120,1181,1557,1580]" name="Japan" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Japan</collectingCountry>
(3), Kenia (1),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF9EFFC56D215C4AFA343253" box="[1338,1436,1557,1581]" name="Malaysia" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(13),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF9EFFC56B765C69FC7F3230" box="[877,983,1590,1614]" name="Mauritius" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
(3),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF9EFFC56C135C69FBE03230" box="[1032,1096,1590,1614]" name="Nepal" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Nepal</collectingCountry>
(1),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF9EFFC56C6C5C69FB593230" box="[1143,1265,1590,1614]" name="Philippines" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(5),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF9EFFC56D395C69FC2F3210" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
(2),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF9EFFC56BDE5C09FB9A3210" box="[965,1074,1622,1646]" name="Singapore" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(1), Sri Lanka (1),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF9EFFC56D055C09FAC53210" box="[1310,1389,1622,1646]" name="Taiwan" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(1), Tanzania (1), Tailand (4),
<collectingCountry id="A7C67660FF9EFFC56C505C28FBD732F1" box="[1099,1151,1655,1679]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">USA</collectingCountry>
(5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF9EFFC56B545CC7FC18330B" blockId="15.[824,1438,1096,1975]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF9EFFC56B545CC7FB8932CE" bold="true" box="[847,1057,1688,1712]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Geographic range</emphasis>
. As a tramp species of putatively Southeast Asian origin this species is widely distributed over the tropical regions of the world. However, it has not been confirmed so far for South and Central America where
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF9EFFC56B9E5D43FBBB334A" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1929" box="[901,1043,1820,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF9EFFC56B9E5D43FBBB334A" box="[901,1043,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">C. obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found. Occurrence in buildings in the temperate zone is so far not verified by voucher specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF9EFFDA6B545D21FB143253" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="129" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF9EFFC56B545D21FA3433C9" blockId="15.[824,1438,1096,1975]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF9EFFC56B545D21FC1733E8" bold="true" box="[847,959,1918,1942]" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: --Worker (
<tableCitation id="9253034BFF9EFFC56C5E5D21FB2533E8" box="[1093,1165,1918,1942]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="26.[151,204,245,266]" captionText="Table 1. Workers of the C. wroughtonii group of Orientalic-Australasian origin with mean FL/FR &lt;1.040. Sequence of data: arithmetic mean ± standard deviation [minimum, maximum]." pageId="15" pageNumber="128">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
, Figs 28–31, key). Very small and slightly smaller than
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF9EFFC56CD85DC0FACE33C9" authority=", CS" authorityName="CS" box="[1219,1382,1951,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="128" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF9EFFC56CD85DC0FA8433C9" box="[1219,1324,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="128">obscurior</emphasis>
, CS
</taxonomicName>
410
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF81FFDA688C5AADFD8932CE" blockId="16.[151,765,241,1975]" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">
µm. Head short, CL/CW 1.120. Anterocentral clypeal margin straight or slightly notched; central occipital margin usually straight or with a very weak concavity. Postocular distance large, PoOc/CL 0.440. Frons broad (FRS/CS 0.272), frontal carinae caudal of FRS level parallel (FL/FR 1.008). Eye medium-sized, EYE/CS 0.233. Scape slightly shorter than in
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF81FFDA6A4D5BE8FD5B35B1" authority=", SL" authorityName="SL" box="[598,755,439,463]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6A4D5BE8FD1735B1" box="[598,703,439,463]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">obscurior</emphasis>
, SL
</taxonomicName>
/ CS 0.772. Promesonotal plane in dorsal view without ‘shoulders’ due to a strongly convex frontal margin and rather straight lateral margins (
<figureCitation id="47EA2A75FF81FFDA6A125846FDDB364C" box="[521,627,537,562]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="10.[151,215,1755,1777]" captionTargetBox="[151,1398,260,1705]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 23. Mesosoma in dorsal view.(A) Cardiocondyla obscurior, neotype, Nago / Okinawa, 3 June 2003; (B) Cardiocondyla shagrinata, paratype, South Konkan / India. Figure 24–27. Cardiocondyla shagrinata, paratype, South Konkan / India. (24) head in dorsal view; (25) lateral view; (26) dorsal view; (27) head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Figure 28. Cardiocondyla wroughtonii, Lundu / Malaysia, 27 May 2007. (28) head in dorsal view." pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Fig. 23A</figureCitation>
). Metanotal groove in lateral view deep (MGr/CS 3.65 %) and usually with steep anterior and posterior slopes. Propodeal spines longer than in
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF81FFDA69B25823FDBB36EA" box="[425,531,636,660]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA69B25823FDBB36EA" box="[425,531,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SP/CS 0.193) and their bases more approached (SPBA/CS 0.278). Petiole narrower and slightly lower than in
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF81FFDA6A5958E1FD0536A8" box="[578,685,702,726]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6A5958E1FD0536A8" box="[578,685,702,726]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(PeW/ CS 0.277, PeH/CS 0.328), Axis of petiolar peduncle in lateral aspect deviating by 30° from the longitudinal axis of the petiole node. Postpetiole narrower and lower than in
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF81FFDA68A8591EFEB53727" box="[179,285,833,857]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA68A8591EFEB53727" box="[179,285,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(PpW/CS 0.437, PpH/CS 0.303), the sternite anterolaterally with a rounded lobiform protrusion on each side which clearly elevates above the level of median surface of sternite; the surface of the sternite thus appearing deeply concave in frontal view. Whole head and mesosoma without any notable rugosity. Paramedian and lateral vertex with deep (sometimes shallower) foveolae of 17–21 µm diameter which are frequently arranged in dense honey-comb arrangement and show an inner elevation around the hair bases of 6–9 µm diameter (
<figureCitation id="47EA2A75FF81FFDA69735ED5FE1D30DC" box="[360,437,1162,1186]" captionStart="Figure 29–31" captionStartId="11.[189,253,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox="[189,1437,260,1707]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 29–31. Cardiocondyla wroughtonii, Lundu / Malaysia, 27 May 2007.(29) lateral view; (30) dorsal view; (31) head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Figure 32–34. Cardiocondyla obscurior, neotype, Nago / Okinawa, 3 June 2003. (32) head in dorsal view; (33) lateral view; (34) dorsal view." pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
); median vertex with slightly smaller and weaker foveolae, occasionally weakly foveolate-carinulate. Whole surface of mesosoma and waist densely foveolate-reticulate, the meshes with lower diameters than on vertex (
<figureCitation id="47EA2A75FF81FFDA69E95F51FDC23158" box="[498,618,1294,1318]" captionStart="Figure 29–31" captionStartId="11.[189,253,1757,1779]" captionTargetBox="[189,1437,260,1707]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 29–31. Cardiocondyla wroughtonii, Lundu / Malaysia, 27 May 2007.(29) lateral view; (30) dorsal view; (31) head surface between inner eye margin and paramedian vertex. Figure 32–34. Cardiocondyla obscurior, neotype, Nago / Okinawa, 3 June 2003. (32) head in dorsal view; (33) lateral view; (34) dorsal view." pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Figs 29, 30</figureCitation>
). Pubescence on first gaster tergite moderately long and dilute (PLG/ CS 6.3 %, sqPDG 5.05). Color dimorphism. Light morph (76 % of samples): whole ant entirely light yellowish except for a diffuse brown band in the posterior half of 1
<superScript id="28A49BB8FF81FFDA68BF5FEEFF0731C1" attach="left" box="[164,175,1457,1471]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">st</superScript>
gaster tergite; this band may be interrupted in the centre to form 2 separated lateral patches (as seen in Wheeler´s
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF81FFDA69115FABFE1B3272" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1929" box="[266,435,1524,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="wroughtonii" variety="bimaculata">
var.
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA69225FABFE1B3272" box="[313,435,1524,1548]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">bimaculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), PigG1 9.5 ± 8.2 [0, 45] % n= 108. Dark morph (24 % of samples): Head, mesosoma, waist, and appendages light yellowish brown; funicular club blackish brown; 1
<superScript id="28A49BB8FF81FFDA69885C0AFE36321D" attach="left" box="[403,414,1621,1635]" fontSize="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">st</superScript>
gaster tergite and sternite dark brown, the following segments substantially lighter, PigG1 86.8 ± 19.1 [55, 100] %, n=34.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DF6E36F0FF81FFDA68B55CE6FB143253" blockId="16.[151,765,241,1975]" lastBlockId="16.[786,1399,242,1975]" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA68B55CE6FD6332AF" bold="true" box="[174,715,1721,1745]" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Taxonomic comments and clustering results</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF81FFDA6AF85CE5FEB0328C" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6AF85CE5FEB0328C" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">C. wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is extremely similar to
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF81FFDA6A225C85FD6F328C" box="[569,711,1754,1778]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6A225C85FD6F328C" box="[569,711,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">C. obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the occurrence of a dark morph in
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF81FFDA6A075CA4FD35336D" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[540,669,1787,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6A075CA4FD35336D" box="[540,669,1787,1811]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
restricts the use of pigmentation for species separation. Species hypotheses were formed in 84 samples of both species with
<specimenCount id="C9D7FD79FF81FFDA68CA5D02FEE7330B" box="[209,335,1885,1909]" count="205" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" type="worker">205 worker</specimenCount>
individuals under exclusion of single-specimen samples. In the first step of analysis, the 15 characters CS, CL/CW, PoOc/CL, SL/CS, EYE/CS, FRS/ CS, SPBA/CS, SP/CS, PeW/CS, PeH/CS, PPW/CS, PpH/CS, MGr/CS, sqPDG and PLG/CS were run in the exploratory data analyses NC-Ward, NC-NMDS.kmeans and PCA. Hypotheses were fixed in the controlling LDA when the classifications in the three exploratory data analyses coincided whereas samples with controversial classification were run as wild-cards. In the next run of the LDA the corrected classifications were accepted but now the type samples were run as wild-cards. The posterior probabilities for allocation to the
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF81FFDA6CCC5845FADE364F" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[1239,1398,537,561]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6CCC5845FADE364F" box="[1239,1398,537,561]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">C. wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cluster were 1.0000 in the types of
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF81FFDA6C9F5865FAAD362C" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[1156,1285,570,594]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6C9F5865FAAD362C" box="[1156,1285,570,594]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">wroughtonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="18299B15FF81FFDA6D095865FADF362C" box="[1298,1399,570,594]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.539746" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" unit="in" value="0.9999">0.9999 in</quantity>
the type of
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6B975804FBAB360D" box="[908,1027,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">hawaiensis</emphasis>
,
<quantity id="18299B15FF81FFDA6C0B5804FBDD360D" box="[1040,1141,603,627]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.539238" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" unit="in" value="0.9997">0.9997 in</quantity>
the types of
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF81FFDA6CE45804FAD8360D" authorityName="Karavajev" authorityYear="1935" box="[1279,1392,603,627]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longispina">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6CE45804FAD8360D" box="[1279,1392,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">longispina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
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the types of
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the types of
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<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6CCB58C2FA9736CB" box="[1232,1343,669,693]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">yamauchii</emphasis>
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. The posterior probabilities for allocation to the
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the types of
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<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6C1F595FFBF93766" box="[1028,1105,768,792]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. As a third step, a stepwise character reduction to CS, CL/CW, SL/CS, EYE/CS, FRS/ CS, SP/CS and PPW/CS was performed.This increased the agreement of the exploratory data analyses with the final species hypothesis determined by the controlling LDA to 96.4 % in NC-Ward, 98.8 % in NC-NMDS.kmeans, 98.8 % in NC-part.kmeans (
<figureCitation id="47EA2A75FF81FFDA6C26599AFB2337A3" box="[1085,1163,965,989]" captionStart="Figure 52" captionStartId="17.[189,253,1910,1932]" captionText="Figure 52. Classification of 84 nest samples of Cardiocondyla wroughtonii and C. obscurior by the exploratory data analyses NC-Ward (hierarchical), NC-part.kmeans, NC-NMDS.kmeans and PCA based on 7 morphometric characters taken in 205 worker individuals. The mean error of the four exploratory data analyses relative to the controlling LDA (final.sp.hyp) is 1.8%." pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
) and to 98.8 % and in the PCA (
<figureCitation id="47EA2A75FF81FFDA6B9B59B9FC613780" box="[896,969,998,1022]" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="18.[151,215,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[153,1401,1199,1865]" captionTargetId="graphics-518@18.[155,1400,1199,1865]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 53. Principal component analysis of 84 nest samples of Cardiocondyla wroughtonii and C. obscurior based on 7 morphometric characters taken in 205 worker individuals.The arrow points to the sample determined as C. obscurior by a wild-card LDA with p = 0.9456 which, however, showed a pigmentation typical for C. wroughtonii. The mean error of the four exploratory data analyses relative to the controlling LDA (final.sp.hyp) is 1.8%." pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Fig.53</figureCitation>
). This is a mean error in four forms of analysis of only 1.8 %. In laboratory experiments, males of
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF81FFDA6B285E77FC163041" box="[819,958,1063,1087]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6B285E77FC163041" box="[819,958,1063,1087]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">C. obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and gynes of
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<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6C7F5E77FAA03041" box="[1124,1288,1063,1087]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">C. wroughtonii</emphasis>
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produced hybrids but the opposite mating combination so far not (K. Yamauchi pers. comm. 2000). Hybridisation is supposed to be rare or absent under natural conditions as concluded from the strong separation of the clusters. However, the available sample size, in particular the low number of 2.4 workers per sample, makes assessment of hybridization frequency difficult. There is so far only one suggestion on a possible hybridization: the only sample of
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<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6D145F71FADF3138" box="[1295,1399,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">obscurior</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a gaster pigmentation corresponding to light morph of
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF81FFDA6B295F2FFC1B31F6" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[818,947,1392,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wroughtonii">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6B295F2FFC1B31F6" box="[818,947,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">wroughtonii</emphasis>
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(SaNo 1072
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) was allocated to the
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<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6B215FCEFC0A31D7" box="[826,930,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">obscurior</emphasis>
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cluster with p=0.9456 if run as a wild-card in a LDA of the reduced 7-characters data set and was placed by the PCA in a marginal position (
<figureCitation id="47EA2A75FF81FFDA6CCE5F8CFA8C3195" box="[1237,1316,1491,1515]" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="18.[151,215,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[153,1401,1199,1865]" captionTargetId="graphics-518@18.[155,1400,1199,1865]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 53. Principal component analysis of 84 nest samples of Cardiocondyla wroughtonii and C. obscurior based on 7 morphometric characters taken in 205 worker individuals.The arrow points to the sample determined as C. obscurior by a wild-card LDA with p = 0.9456 which, however, showed a pigmentation typical for C. wroughtonii. The mean error of the four exploratory data analyses relative to the controlling LDA (final.sp.hyp) is 1.8%." pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Fig. 53</figureCitation>
). It was found under the bark of a tree in
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height which supports the determination by the LDA.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="97CB657BFF81FFDA6B325C6AFBFD33C9" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" type="biology_ecology">
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<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6B325C6AFCD63233" bold="true" box="[809,894,1589,1613]" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Biology</emphasis>
. In contrast to its sibling species
<taxonomicName id="18D14D73FF81FFDA6CF35C69FAD83230" box="[1256,1392,1590,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cardiocondyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="129" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurior">
<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6CF35C69FAD83230" box="[1256,1392,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">C. obscurior</emphasis>
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, it was reported to nest near to or on the ground; it was found in hollow stems of dead
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<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6C4D5C28FB0D32F1" box="[1110,1189,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Eulalia</emphasis>
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grasses (Okinawa), in a dead twig on the ground (New Orleans/
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), between layers of
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<emphasis id="EDA5EAE2FF81FFDA6BF65CE5FB6032AF" box="[1005,1224,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="129">Eugenia jambolana</emphasis>
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leaves (
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), in litter (Sulawesi), and ‘under leaves in a silk patch’ (
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). Nest populations are polygynous and adopt alien queens. There is polyphenism showing winged and wingless (ergatoid) males. The wingless males have sickle-shaped mandibles used to kill male callows or pupae whereas they besmear adult rivals with a secretion that elicits worker aggression.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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(
<figureCitation id="65EF2A62142BA968FDBEFF0FFD4300CB" box="[519,664,211,237]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Figs 13–16" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[807,842,1877,1899]" captionStartId-1="5.[113,156,1267,1289]" captionStartId-2="7.[113,148,847,869]" captionTargetBox-0="[145,1367,1472,1835]" captionTargetBox-1="[113,1451,212,1230]" captionTargetBox-2="[118,1447,217,815]" captionTargetId-0="figure-566@4.[119,769,1605,1819]" captionTargetId-1="figure-0@5.[557,1009,697,1434]" captionTargetId-2="figure-521@7.[113,1451,212,819]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="Fig. 12. Assulina discoides: broad (left) and lateral (right) views. 1–4 – characters of the test measured (see Table 2)." captionText-1="Figs 13–16. SEM (13–15) and LM (16) micrographs of Assulina discoides. 13–14 – broad views; 15 – details of the aperture; 16 – dividing cells." captionText-2="Fig. 17. Scanning electron microscope images of Assulina muscorum (a), A. seminulum (b) and A. scandinavica (c). The three cells are represented at the same scale. Scale bar: 20 µm (after Lara et al. 2011)." pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Figs 12–17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="65EF2A62142BA968FDBEFF0FFD4300CB" box="[519,664,211,237]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Figs 13–16" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[807,842,1877,1899]" captionStartId-1="5.[113,156,1267,1289]" captionStartId-2="7.[113,148,847,869]" captionTargetBox-0="[145,1367,1472,1835]" captionTargetBox-1="[113,1451,212,1230]" captionTargetBox-2="[118,1447,217,815]" captionTargetId-0="figure-566@4.[119,769,1605,1819]" captionTargetId-1="figure-0@5.[557,1009,697,1434]" captionTargetId-2="figure-521@7.[113,1451,212,819]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="Fig. 12. Assulina discoides: broad (left) and lateral (right) views. 1–4 – characters of the test measured (see Table 2)." captionText-1="Figs 13–16. SEM (13–15) and LM (16) micrographs of Assulina discoides. 13–14 – broad views; 15 – details of the aperture; 16 – dividing cells." captionText-2="Fig. 17. Scanning electron microscope images of Assulina muscorum (a), A. seminulum (b) and A. scandinavica (c). The three cells are represented at the same scale. Scale bar: 20 µm (after Lara et al. 2011)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192731" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192735" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192737" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13192731/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13192735/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13192737/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Figs 12–17</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="B056035C142BA968FD16FF08FF160136" captionStart-0="Table 2" captionStart-1="Table 3" captionStartId-0="6.[121,177,800,821]" captionStartId-1="6.[121,177,1308,1329]" captionText-0="Table 2. Biometric characterization of Assulina discoides sp. nov. based on 20 measured specimens. 1–4 – shell features (Fig. 12): 1 – shell length, 2 – shell breadth, 3 – shell depth, 4 – aperture width. Measurements in μm." captionText-1="Table 3. Measurements (in µm) of different species of the genus Assulina." pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
)
@ -69,13 +70,13 @@
<paragraph id="FD6B36E7142BA968FF26FEFCFD95020B" blockId="6.[121,768,288,661]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="CFA0EAF5142BA968FF26FEFCFEE2011C" bold="true" box="[159,313,288,314]" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Description:</emphasis>
Shell large in size, disc shaped (
<figureCitation id="65EF2A62142BA968FD72FEFCFF2D017B" captionStart="Figs 13–16" captionStartId="5.[113,156,1267,1289]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,212,1230]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[557,1009,697,1434]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 13–16. SEM (13–15) and LM (16) micrographs of Assulina discoides. 13–14 – broad views; 15 – details of the aperture; 16 – dividing cells." pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Figs 13, 14, 16</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="65EF2A62142BA968FD72FEFCFF2D017B" captionStart="Figs 13–16" captionStartId="5.[113,156,1267,1289]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,212,1230]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[557,1009,697,1434]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 13–16. SEM (13–15) and LM (16) micrographs of Assulina discoides. 13–14 – broad views; 15 – details of the aperture; 16 – dividing cells." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192735/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Figs 13, 14, 16</figureCitation>
), colorless, transparent, narrow-elliptical in cross-section. The breadth of the shell usually exceeds the length (
<tableCitation id="B056035C142BA968FF46FE54FE870185" box="[255,348,392,419]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[121,177,800,821]" captionText="Table 2. Biometric characterization of Assulina discoides sp. nov. based on 20 measured specimens. 1–4 – shell features (Fig. 12): 1 – shell length, 2 – shell breadth, 3 – shell depth, 4 – aperture width. Measurements in μm." pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Aperture is narrow-elliptical with an uneven narrow organic lip (
<figureCitation id="65EF2A62142BA968FE59FE77FDEC01E0" box="[480,567,427,454]" captionStart="Figs 13–16" captionStartId="5.[113,156,1267,1289]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,212,1230]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[557,1009,697,1434]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 13–16. SEM (13–15) and LM (16) micrographs of Assulina discoides. 13–14 – broad views; 15 – details of the aperture; 16 – dividing cells." pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="65EF2A62142BA968FE59FE77FDEC01E0" box="[480,567,427,454]" captionStart="Figs 13–16" captionStartId="5.[113,156,1267,1289]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,212,1230]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[557,1009,697,1434]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 13–16. SEM (13–15) and LM (16) micrographs of Assulina discoides. 13–14 – broad views; 15 – details of the aperture; 16 – dividing cells." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192735/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
). Aperture diameter is about 1/3 of the shell breadth. Surface is covered by large narrow elliptical idiosomes (
<figureCitation id="65EF2A62142BA968FD97FE2CFD6F022D" box="[558,692,496,523]" captionStart="Figs 13–16" captionStartId="5.[113,156,1267,1289]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,212,1230]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[557,1009,697,1434]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 13–16. SEM (13–15) and LM (16) micrographs of Assulina discoides. 13–14 – broad views; 15 – details of the aperture; 16 – dividing cells." pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Figs 13–15</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="65EF2A62142BA968FD97FE2CFD6F022D" box="[558,692,496,523]" captionStart="Figs 13–16" captionStartId="5.[113,156,1267,1289]" captionTargetBox="[113,1451,212,1230]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[557,1009,697,1434]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 13–16. SEM (13–15) and LM (16) micrographs of Assulina discoides. 13–14 – broad views; 15 – details of the aperture; 16 – dividing cells." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192735/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="61">Figs 13–15</figureCitation>
) up to 10 µm in length and 5–6 µm in breadth.
</paragraph>
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@ -426,7 +427,7 @@ present studies
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<paragraph id="FD6B36E7142AA969FFC8FC93FCC503A6" blockId="7.[113,1443,847,897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="CFA0EAF5142AA969FFC8FC93FF640342" bold="true" box="[113,191,847,869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Fig. 17.</emphasis>
Scanning electron microscope images of
@ -460,7 +461,7 @@ is easily distinguished from all other species of the genus
<emphasis id="CFA0EAF5142AA969FEC5FBC3FE3A041F" box="[380,481,1055,1081]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Assulina</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="65EF2A62142AA969FE41FBC3FD88041F" box="[504,595,1055,1081]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[113,148,847,869]" captionTargetBox="[118,1447,217,815]" captionTargetId="figure-521@7.[113,1451,212,819]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 17. Scanning electron microscope images of Assulina muscorum (a), A. seminulum (b) and A. scandinavica (c). The three cells are represented at the same scale. Scale bar: 20 µm (after Lara et al. 2011)." pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="65EF2A62142AA969FE41FBC3FD88041F" box="[504,595,1055,1081]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[113,148,847,869]" captionTargetBox="[118,1447,217,815]" captionTargetId="figure-521@7.[113,1451,212,819]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 17. Scanning electron microscope images of Assulina muscorum (a), A. seminulum (b) and A. scandinavica (c). The three cells are represented at the same scale. Scale bar: 20 µm (after Lara et al. 2011)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192737/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
) by its disk- -shaped shell. In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="3AD44D64142AA969FE12FB9EFD6F047A" authorityName="Ogden and Hedley" authorityYear="1980" box="[427,692,1090,1116]" class="Filosia" family="Euglyphidae" genus="Assulina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Aconchulinida" pageId="7" pageNumber="62" rank="species" species="scandinavica">
<emphasis id="CFA0EAF5142AA969FE12FB9EFD6F047A" box="[427,692,1090,1116]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="62">Assulina scandinavica</emphasis>

151
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<treatment id="80298786FFC17D153963FEC7A227D676" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:80298786FFC17D153963FEC7A227D676" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/80298786FFC17D153963FEC7A227D676" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
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@ -75,9 +76,9 @@
<bibRefCitation id="6C114B61FFC17D173877FEC7A152D188" author="Bullington W. E." box="[365,575,383,409]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" pagination="10 - 66" refId="ref7708" refString="Bullington W. E. (1939) A study of spiralling in the ciliate Frontonia with a review of the genus and description of two new species. Arch. Protistenk. 92: 10 - 66" type="journal article" year="1939">Bullington, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC17D173B4BFEC7A1CFD188" box="[593,674,383,409]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC17D173B4BFEC7A1CFD188" box="[593,674,383,409]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192857/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC17D173BA9FEC7A1A9D188" box="[691,708,383,409]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." pageId="5" pageNumber="40">3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC17D173BA9FEC7A1A9D188" box="[691,708,383,409]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192859/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">3</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="4502032BFFC17D173BCCFEC7A3ACD1AD" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[121,177,226,247]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data of Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. (upper row, bold font), F. ocularis Bullington, 1939 (middle row) and F. schaefferi Bullington, 1939 (lower row). Data according to protargol-impregnated specimens. All measurements in µm. Abbreviations: CV – coefficient of variation in %, n – number of specimens measured, SD – standard deviation." pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Tables 1</tableCitation>
,
@ -110,38 +111,38 @@ Marine or brackish
Body 115–120 × 50–60 µm
<emphasis id="3AF4EA82FFC17D173AD9FDDBA779D26C" box="[963,1044,611,637]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">in vivo</emphasis>
, reniform with anterior end broad and posterior end slightly narrowed, right margin depressed in anterior 1/3 of body (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC17D173DAEFD12A62DD2D5" box="[1204,1344,682,708]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figs 2A, C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC17D173DAEFD12A62DD2D5" box="[1204,1344,682,708]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192857/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figs 2A, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC17D173C4BFD12A6F3D2D5" box="[1361,1438,682,708]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." pageId="5" pageNumber="40">3A, C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC17D173C4BFD12A6F3D2D5" box="[1361,1438,682,708]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192859/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">3A, C</figureCitation>
). Ratio of length to width between 2:1 and 3:1 (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC17D173C5FFD75A6CAD2F6" box="[1349,1447,717,743]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC17D173C5FFD75A6CAD2F6" box="[1349,1447,717,743]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192857/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC17D173A3FFD48A020D31B" box="[805,845,752,778]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." pageId="5" pageNumber="40">3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC17D173A3FFD48A020D31B" box="[805,845,752,778]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192859/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">3A</figureCitation>
). Dorsoventrally flattened about 3:2. Buccal cavity about 20 × 10 µm, occupying 15 to 20% of body length (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D1439C7F908A20DD6DB" box="[221,352,1712,1738]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 3D, F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D1439C7F908A20DD6DB" box="[221,352,1712,1738]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192859/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 3D, F</figureCitation>
). Cytoplasm slightly grayish, often with many large (8–10 µm across), black granules at posterior end of body (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D143896F94DA286D71E" box="[396,491,1781,1807]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D143896F94DA286D71E" box="[396,491,1781,1807]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192857/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Many dark-green food vacuoles and small, blue crystal granules (1–2 µm) distributed randomly in cytoplasm (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D1438E7F883A136D744" box="[509,603,1851,1877]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D1438E7F883A136D744" box="[509,603,1851,1877]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192857/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Brown-black pigment spot usually present on extreme right border near anterior end of body (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D1438D8F838A14BD78B" box="[450,550,1920,1946]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D1438D8F838A14BD78B" box="[450,550,1920,1946]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192857/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D143B2EF838A1CBD78B" box="[564,678,1920,1946]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." pageId="6" pageNumber="41">3A, B, K</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D143B2EF838A1CBD78B" box="[564,678,1920,1946]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192859/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">3A, B, K</figureCitation>
). Extrusomes spindle-shaped, about 4 µm long but, when extruded, about 15 µm long and rod-shaped with one end curved (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D143A97F96BA09DD6FC" box="[909,1008,1747,1773]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Figs 2D</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D143A97F96BA09DD6FC" box="[909,1008,1747,1773]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192857/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Figs 2D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D143AE7F96BA749D6FC" box="[1021,1060,1747,1773]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." pageId="6" pageNumber="41">3K</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D143AE7F96BA749D6FC" box="[1021,1060,1747,1773]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192859/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">3K</figureCitation>
). Macronucleus ellipsoidal, about 25 × 15 μm and located in mid-region of body (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D143C9EF94DA038D723" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D143C9EF94DA038D723" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192857/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). No micronucleus observed. Two contractile vacuoles 7–10 µm in diameter, located right-ventrally, one each in anterior and posterior 1/3 of body respectively (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D143A2FF838A0F8D78B" box="[821,917,1920,1946]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D143A2FF838A0F8D78B" box="[821,917,1920,1946]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192857/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Figs 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D143ABBF838A0ABD78B" box="[929,966,1920,1946]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." pageId="6" pageNumber="41">3B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D143ABBF838A0ABD78B" box="[929,966,1920,1946]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192859/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">3B</figureCitation>
). Somatic cilia about 6 µm long (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D143C51F838A6C8D78B" box="[1355,1445,1920,1946]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC27D143C51F838A6C8D78B" box="[1355,1445,1920,1946]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192859/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
); cilia in caudal end longer than others, about 8 µm long. Locomotion by revolving moderately rapidly on substrate or by swimming in water while rotating clockwise about the long body axis.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5CFF6618FFC17D173963F8ABA21FD789" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" startId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" targetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<caption id="5CFF6618FFC17D173963F8ABA21FD789" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192857" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13192857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192857/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" startId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" targetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="083F3690FFC17D173963F8ABA21FD789" blockId="5.[121,1453,1811,1944]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="3AF4EA82FFC17D173963F8ABA3D4D739" bold="true" box="[121,185,1811,1832]" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3AF4EA82FFC17D1739A4F8ABA2D4D739" box="[190,441,1811,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ in vivo
– infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="5CFF6618FFC27D14399BFAFAA029D5EE" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" startId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" targetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<caption id="5CFF6618FFC27D14399BFAFAA029D5EE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192859" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13192859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192859/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" startId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" targetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="083F3690FFC27D14399BFAFAA029D5EE" blockId="6.[129,1460,1346,1535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="3AF4EA82FFC27D14399BFAFAA3ADD546" bold="true" box="[129,192,1346,1367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3AF4EA82FFC27D1439DFFAFAA2ADD546" box="[197,448,1346,1367]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
@ -207,25 +208,25 @@ in vivo
</caption>
<paragraph id="083F3690FFC37D153985FED4A178D3E6" blockId="7.[121,768,226,1639]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
Somatic ciliature as shown in
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153B13FED4A1C1D197" box="[521,684,364,390]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Figs 2E, F, G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153B13FED4A1C1D197" box="[521,684,364,390]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192857/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Figs 2E, F, G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153BA0FED4A3B0D1B8" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">3G, I, J, M, O</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153BA0FED4A3B0D1B8" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192859/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">3G, I, J, M, O</figureCitation>
. About 93 to 107 somatic kineties shortened progressively both anteriorly and posteriorly from lateral side to oral area, forming conspicuous anterior and posterior sutures that extend from anterior end of buccal cavity over apical end of cell and onto dorsal side. Buccal structure as shown in
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D1538AAFD84A17ED247" box="[432,531,572,598]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Figs 2G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D1538AAFD84A17ED247" box="[432,531,572,598]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192857/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Figs 2G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153B38FD84A102D247" box="[546,623,572,598]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">3H, O</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153B38FD84A102D247" box="[546,623,572,598]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192859/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">3H, O</figureCitation>
. Three conspicuous peniculi located on left wall of buccal cavity: peniculi 1 and 2 about equal in length, positioned close to each other parallel to edge of left vestibular wall, slightly curved to right at anterior ends and each composed of four rows of kinetosomes (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D1538C4FD52A12FD315" box="[478,578,746,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Figs 2G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D1538C4FD52A12FD315" box="[478,578,746,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192857/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Figs 2G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153B4AFD52A115D315" box="[592,632,746,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">3H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153B4AFD52A115D315" box="[592,632,746,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192859/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">3H</figureCitation>
). Peniculus 3 composed of two kinety rows which are about equal in length. Paroral membrane double-rowed, located on right side of buccal cavity (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D1538A8FCEAA17FD37D" box="[434,530,850,876]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Figs 2G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D1538A8FCEAA17FD37D" box="[434,530,850,876]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192857/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Figs 2G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153B04FCEAA128D37D" box="[542,581,850,876]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">3H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153B04FCEAA128D37D" box="[542,581,850,876]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192859/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">3H</figureCitation>
). Three vestibular kineties extending along the paroral membrane, each composed of densely arranged dikinetids. Three or four postoral kineties (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153854FC02A2C3D3C5" box="[334,430,954,980]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153854FC02A2C3D3C5" box="[334,430,954,980]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[121,156,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[124,1440,885,1673]" captionTargetId="figure-0@5.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E–G). A – ventral view of a typical individual; B – ventral view showing position of contractile vacuoles; C – different body shapes; D – extruded extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area. CV – contractile vacuole, CVP – contractile vacuole pore, Ma – macronucleus, P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3, PM – paroral membrane, PK – postoral kineties, VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars: A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192857" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192857/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). Several argentophilic lines left of paroral membrane (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D1538B0FC65A16AD3E6" box="[426,519,989,1015]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 3N</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D1538B0FC65A16AD3E6" box="[426,519,989,1015]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[129,164,1346,1367]" captionTargetBox="[127,1465,225,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-0@6.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 3. Frontonia ocularis in vivo (A–F, K, L) and after silver carbonate (I, N) and protargol impregnation (G, H, J, M, O). A – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the black brown pigment spot; B – ventral view, to show two contractile vacuoles (arrowheads), arrow shows the prominent brown pigment spot; C – different body shapes; D, F – buccal area; E – posterior part of cell, arrowheads mark caudal cilia; G, H, N – detailed structure of buccal area, arrowhead (G) marks paroral membrane, arrow (N) shows argentophilic line; I – part of argyrome; J, O – anterior suture (arrowheads in J) and postoral suture (arrowheads in O); K – extrusomes (arrowheads) forming distinct seam underneath cortex, arrow shows the black brown spot; L – extruded extrusomes; M – ventral view to show closely arranged somatic kineties. P1–P3 – peniculus 1, 2, 3. Scale bars: A, B = 50 μm, C = 80 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192859/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 3N</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="083F3690FFC37D153985FC47A1DFD5A8" blockId="7.[121,768,226,1639]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">

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<bibRefCitation id="6C114B61FFC37D153861F9C6A124D689" author="Bullington W. E." box="[379,585,1662,1688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" pagination="10 - 66" refId="ref7708" refString="Bullington W. E. (1939) A study of spiralling in the ciliate Frontonia with a review of the genus and description of two new species. Arch. Protistenk. 92: 10 - 66" type="journal article" year="1939">Bullington, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153B42F9C6A1CCD689" box="[600,673,1662,1688]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192861/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="4502032BFFC37D153BB5F9C6A3E5D6AA" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[121,177,226,247]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data of Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. (upper row, bold font), F. ocularis Bullington, 1939 (middle row) and F. schaefferi Bullington, 1939 (lower row). Data according to protargol-impregnated specimens. All measurements in µm. Abbreviations: CV – coefficient of variation in %, n – number of specimens measured, SD – standard deviation." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Tables 1</tableCitation>
,
@ -108,43 +109,43 @@ Marine or brackish
Size
<emphasis id="3AF4EA82FFC37D153C46FDE7A6C1D268" box="[1372,1452,607,633]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">in vivo</emphasis>
about 95–100 × 50–55 μm. Elliptical or reniform in outline with anterior end broad and posterior end slightly narrowed (
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<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153AB9FD7FA710D2F0" box="[931,1149,711,737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192861/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4A, B, H, I, K</figureCitation>
). Dorsoventrally flattened about 3:2 (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153ABDFD52A760D315" box="[935,1037,746,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153ABDFD52A760D315" box="[935,1037,746,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192861/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4M</figureCitation>
). Buccal cavity small and shallow, elliptical to triangular in outline, about 20 µm × 10 µm, which corresponds to about 20% of body length (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153C66FC97A02ED37D" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153C66FC97A02ED37D" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192861/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4J</figureCitation>
). Cytoplasm colourless to slightly grayish, often with many small black granules (3–4 µm across) at anterior end of body (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153AD0FC2FA701D3A0" box="[970,1132,919,945]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4A, H, I</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153AD0FC2FA701D3A0" box="[970,1132,919,945]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192861/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4A, H, I</figureCitation>
). A few small blue crystal granules (1–3 μm in diameter) distributed randomly in cytoplasm (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153AA9FC65A731D3E6" box="[947,1116,989,1015]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4A, H, I</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153AA9FC65A731D3E6" box="[947,1116,989,1015]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192861/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4A, H, I</figureCitation>
). Macronucleus ellipsoidal, about 25 × 15 μm, located in body centre (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153C26FC47A6F2D408" box="[1340,1439,1023,1049]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153C26FC47A6F2D408" box="[1340,1439,1023,1049]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192861/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). No micronucleus observed. One contractile vacuole, about 10 µm in diameter, positioned on right-dorsal side at about three-fifths distance down body length, with about eight long collecting canals (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153C09FB32A6F3D4B5" box="[1299,1438,1162,1188]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4A, H</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153C09FB32A6F3D4B5" box="[1299,1438,1162,1188]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192861/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4A, H</figureCitation>
): one contractile vacuole pore located on right-ventral surface (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153A8BFB68A09FD4FB" box="[913,1010,1232,1258]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153A8BFB68A09FD4FB" box="[913,1010,1232,1258]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192861/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). Extrusomes spindle-shaped, about 5 µm long, densely arranged beneath pellicle (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153C59FB4AA6F3D51D" box="[1347,1438,1266,1292]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4L</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153C59FB4AA6F3D51D" box="[1347,1438,1266,1292]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192861/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4L</figureCitation>
), approximately 20 µm long when extruded (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153C26FAADA6F2D53E" box="[1340,1439,1301,1327]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4N</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153C26FAADA6F2D53E" box="[1340,1439,1301,1327]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192861/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4N</figureCitation>
). Somatic cilia approximately 6 µm long. Locomotion by crawling slowly on substrate or by swimming in water with clockwise rotation about long body axis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="083F3690FFC37D1B3A51FA18A1E2D175" blockId="7.[806,1452,226,1916]" lastBlockId="9.[121,768,226,425]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">
General infraciliature as shown in
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153DF8FA18A6C5D5AB" box="[1250,1448,1440,1466]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4E–G, O–Q</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153DF8FA18A6C5D5AB" box="[1250,1448,1440,1466]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192861/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4E–G, O–Q</figureCitation>
. Anterior and postoral sutures conspicuous, both extending onto dorsal side (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153D41FA5DA7B6D5EE" box="[1115,1243,1509,1535]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4E, F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153D41FA5DA7B6D5EE" box="[1115,1243,1509,1535]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192861/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4E, F</figureCitation>
). About 59 to 80 somatic kineties. Five postoral kineties with dikinetids, beginning below the oral and terminating on the postoral suture (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153AA6F9F5A75AD676" box="[956,1079,1613,1639]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4E, F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153AA6F9F5A75AD676" box="[956,1079,1613,1639]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192861/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4E, F</figureCitation>
). Three vestibular kineties with densely arranged kinetosomes extending from anterior vertex of buccal cavity and terminating at postoral suture (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153A72F90DA09ED6DE" box="[872,1011,1717,1743]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4G, O</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC37D153A72F90DA09ED6DE" box="[872,1011,1717,1743]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192861/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4G, O</figureCitation>
). Three conspicuous peniculi, about half of the length of the buccal cavity: peniculi 1 and 2 about equal in length, each composed of four rows of kinetosomes, about half length of buccal cavity; peniculus 3 slightly curved to right at anterior end, composed of two shorter kineties which are about equal in length (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFCD7D1B3998FF5AA26AD0ED" box="[130,263,226,252]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 4G, O</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFCD7D1B3998FF5AA26AD0ED" box="[130,263,226,252]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192861/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 4G, O</figureCitation>
). Single-rowed paroral membrane on right edge of buccal cavity running from anterior to posterior edge of buccal overture, with well-developed oral pharyngeal fibres in the buccal area (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFCD7D1B38E5FEF2A1EFD175" box="[511,642,330,356]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 4G, Q</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFCD7D1B38E5FEF2A1EFD175" box="[511,642,330,356]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[129,164,1728,1749]" captionTargetBox="[183,1417,244,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-0@8.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 4. Frontonia schaefferi in vivo (A–C, H–N) and after protargol (E–G, O–Q) and silver nitrate (D) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual, arrow shows the single contractile vacuole and arrowhead shows a large algal cell; B – different body shapes; C – single contractile vacuole with about 8 long collecting canals; D – part of argyrome; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; I, K – ventral view of two individuals showing different shapes; J – buccal area, arrows show anterior suture; L – extrusomes (arrows) beneath pellicle; M – lateral view; N – extruded extrusomes; O-Q – structure of buccal region, arrow on P depicts paroral membrane, arrows on Q depict cytopharyngeal fibers. CF – cytopharyngeal fibres; CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PM – paroral membrane; PK – postoral kineties; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 40 μm, E, F = 50 μm, H, I, K, M = 70 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192861/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="44">Fig. 4G, Q</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="3AF4EA82FFCC7D1A399BF978A3ACD6C4" bold="true" box="[129,193,1728,1749]" pageId="8" pageNumber="43">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
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@ -75,7 +76,7 @@
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="21C757F9FFC57D133D6DFAAFA79DD520" box="[1143,1264,1303,1329]" pageId="1" pageNumber="36" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC57D133C1BFAAFA626D520" box="[1281,1355,1303,1329]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC57D133C1BFAAFA626D520" box="[1281,1355,1303,1329]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="4502032BFFC57D133C41FAAFA059D544" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[121,177,226,247]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data of Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. (upper row, bold font), F. ocularis Bullington, 1939 (middle row) and F. schaefferi Bullington, 1939 (lower row). Data according to protargol-impregnated specimens. All measurements in µm. Abbreviations: CV – coefficient of variation in %, n – number of specimens measured, SD – standard deviation." pageId="1" pageNumber="36">Tables 1</tableCitation>
,
@ -132,7 +133,7 @@ of
.
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<emphasis id="3AF4EA82FFC67D10399BF93AA3AFD686" bold="true" box="[129,194,1666,1687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
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@ -536,27 +537,27 @@ The species name
Cell
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distinctly elongate, usually about 150–170 × 35–40 μm, with ratio of length to width about 4:1 to 5:1 (
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<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC77D11389EF91EA16ED6D1" box="[388,515,1702,1728]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1A, H</figureCitation>
). Right margin slightly depressed in anterior third of body (
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<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC77D113B22F971A19CD6F2" box="[568,753,1737,1763]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1A, B, H, I</figureCitation>
). Dorsoventrally flattened about 5:4. Buccal cavity small and shallow, elliptical to triangular in outline, about 20 × 11 µm in size, 10 to 12% of body length (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC77D113B8FF889A19CD75A" box="[661,753,1841,1867]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC77D113B8FF889A19CD75A" box="[661,753,1841,1867]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
). Cytoplasm grayish with many large (6–10 µm across), black, polygonal crystal granules. Food vacuoles (10– 12 µm across) and ingested algae distributed randomly in cytoplasm (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC77D113ACFFA0BA70DD5DC" box="[981,1120,1459,1485]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1A, K</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC77D113ACFFA0BA70DD5DC" box="[981,1120,1459,1485]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1A, K</figureCitation>
). Macronucleus ellipsoidal, about 20 μm × 15 μm, located in mid-region of body (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC77D113A34FA41A0D9D602" box="[814,948,1529,1555]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1A, O</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC77D113A34FA41A0D9D602" box="[814,948,1529,1555]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1A, O</figureCitation>
). Single micronucleus located near end of macronucleus, spherical, about 5 µm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC77D113C66F9A3A021D649" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1O</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC77D113C66F9A3A021D649" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1O</figureCitation>
). Single contractile vacuole in mid-body region right of cell median, about 7 μm in diameter, contracting at about one minute intervals (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC77D113DA7F93BA62FD68C" box="[1213,1346,1667,1693]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1A, K</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC77D113DA7F93BA62FD68C" box="[1213,1346,1667,1693]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1A, K</figureCitation>
); no collecting canals observed; one contractile vacuole pore located on right-dorsal surface (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC77D113DBAF971A797D6F2" box="[1184,1274,1737,1763]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC77D113DBAF971A797D6F2" box="[1184,1274,1737,1763]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
).
<specimenCount id="1E86FD19FFC77D113C0AF971A6E6D6F2" box="[1296,1419,1737,1763]" count="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="38" type="generic" typeStatus="types">Two types</specimenCount>
of extrusomes, spindle (about 8 µm long) and round (2 µm across), densely arranged beneath pellicle (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC77D113C3FF8B6A02ED75A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1C, D, M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC77D113C3FF8B6A02ED75A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1C, D, M</figureCitation>
); somatic cilia generally about 6 µm long, cilia in caudal region being longer than others at approximately 10 µm long (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC77D113ADAF8CEA749D781" box="[960,1060,1910,1936]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1M</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC77D113ADAF8CEA749D781" box="[960,1060,1910,1936]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="38">Fig. 1M</figureCitation>
). Locomotion by gliding on substrate or by swimming while rotating about long body axis.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5CFF6618FFC07D16399BFF5AA0EFD0E6" box="[129,898,226,247]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" startId="4.[129,185,226,247]" targetType="table">
@ -897,24 +898,24 @@ Fan
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="083F3690FFC07D1639BDFBE1A3B5D5E0" blockId="4.[129,776,1044,1937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
Somatic ciliature as shown in
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC07D163B06FBE1A069D462" box="[540,772,1113,1139]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1E, F, G, P–T</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC07D163B06FBE1A069D462" box="[540,772,1113,1139]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1E, F, G, P–T</figureCitation>
. About 52 to 65 longitudinal somatic kineties, commencing at anterior end of cell, forming a conspicuous anterior suture that extends from anterior end of buccal cavity to dorsal side (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC07D163865FB5CA15CD4EF" box="[383,561,1252,1278]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1E, F, P, S</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC07D163865FB5CA15CD4EF" box="[383,561,1252,1278]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1E, F, P, S</figureCitation>
); posterior part of somatic kineties terminating below posterior region of oral apparatus forming the postoral suture (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC07D163B9AFA91A3FBD577" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1G, Q, T</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC07D163B9AFA91A3FBD577" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1G, Q, T</figureCitation>
). Three to four vestibular kineties with close-set dikinetids (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC07D1639C0FAD7A20DD598" box="[218,352,1391,1417]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1G, R</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC07D1639C0FAD7A20DD598" box="[218,352,1391,1417]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1G, R</figureCitation>
). Four or five postoral kineties left of postoral suture, beginning anteriorly below buccal cavity and gradually shortening from left to right (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC07D163BC2FA0CA3A7D5E0" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1G, R</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC07D163BC2FA0CA3A7D5E0" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1G, R</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="083F3690FFC07D1639BDFA41A16CD780" blockId="4.[129,776,1044,1937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
Buccal apparatus as shown in
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC07D163B0AFA41A1DAD602" box="[528,695,1529,1555]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1G, N, R</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC07D163B0AFA41A1DAD602" box="[528,695,1529,1555]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1G, N, R</figureCitation>
. Three conspicuous peniculi (P1–3) located on left wall of shallow buccal cavity, slightly curved to right at anterior end. Peniculi 1 and 2 about equally long, parallel to each other, and each composed of four rows of kinetosomes. Peniculus 3 composed of two kineties, right one of which extends entire length of buccal cavity, left one extending only to about anterior 4/5 of cavity length (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC07D163990F8B7A266D738" box="[138,267,1807,1833]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1G, N</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC07D163990F8B7A266D738" box="[138,267,1807,1833]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1G, N</figureCitation>
). Double-rowed paroral membrane on right side of buccal cavity: inner row composed of densely arranged monokinetids, outer row composed of loosely arranged dikinetids (
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC07D163869F8CFA29ED780" box="[371,499,1911,1937]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1G, R</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="90BB2A15FFC07D163869F8CFA29ED780" box="[371,499,1911,1937]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[129,164,1666,1687]" captionTargetBox="[229,1366,237,1612]" captionTargetId="figure-0@2.[567,1024,704,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Frontonia guangdongensis spec. nov. in vivo (A–D, H–M), after protargol (E–G, N–Q, S) and silver nitrate (R, T) impregnation. A, H – ventral view of a typical individual; B, I – different body shapes; C – part of a pellicle, to show extrusomes; D – extrusomes; E, F – infraciliature in ventral and dorsal views, macronucleus, and contractile vacuole pore of a holotype specimen; G – infraciliature of the buccal area; J – buccal area; K – ventral view, arrows show polygonal crystal granules, double arrowhead marks the single macronucleus, arrowhead exhibits the contractile vacuole; L – anterior end of cell, arrowheads mark the anterior suture; M – posterior part of the cell, arrowheads mark the caudal cilia, arrows show extrusomes; N, R – structure of the buccal region, arrows on R depict postoral kineties and arrowheads mark vestibular kineties; O – macronucleus and micronucleus, arrow marks micronucleus and arrowhead shows ingested algae; P, Q, T – anterior suture (arrowhead in P) and postoral suture (arrowheads in Q, T); S – somatic kineties. CVP – contractile vacuole pore; Ma – macronucleus; Mi – micronucleus; P1–P3 – peniculi 1, 2, 3; PK – postoral kineties, PM – paroral membrane; VK – vestibular kineties. Scale bars:A = 60 μm, E, F = 40 μm, H, I = 70 μm, J = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192855/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 1G, R</figureCitation>
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@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ collected from King George Island,
<emphasis id="7BB6AF77FF9C98306A55F9CE30B15860" box="[1100,1234,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">eurystomus</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="9679CDC7FF9C98306AC0F9CE316F5861" box="[1241,1292,1585,1611]" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="D1F96FE0FF9C98306B05F9CF31FC5860" box="[1308,1439,1584,1610]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[121,156,937,959]" captionTargetBox="[193,1381,227,891]" captionTargetId="figure-9@6.[181,1391,212,901]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4A–K. Euplotes balteatus and Euplotes wilberti nov. spec. from life (A, G), after protargol (D, J, K) and silver nitrate (B, C, E, F, H, I) impregnation. Arrows point to the marginal cirri. A – ventral view of Euplotes balteatus, to show the ventral ciliature (from Kahl 1932); B, C – ventral and dorsal views of Euplotes balteatus, showing the silverline systerm (from Tuffrau 1964); D – Euplotes balteatus, to show variations in the shape of the macronucleus; E, F – ventral and dorsal views showing the silverline system; G–K – Euplotes wilberti nov. spec., to show the live morphology (G), silverline system (H, I), infraciliature (J, K) and macronucleus (K) (from Song and Wilbert 2002). Scale bar: 30 µm." pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Fig. 4G–K</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="D1F96FE0FF9C98306B05F9CF31FC5860" box="[1308,1439,1584,1610]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[121,156,937,959]" captionTargetBox="[193,1381,227,891]" captionTargetId="figure-9@6.[181,1391,212,901]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4A–K. Euplotes balteatus and Euplotes wilberti nov. spec. from life (A, G), after protargol (D, J, K) and silver nitrate (B, C, E, F, H, I) impregnation. Arrows point to the marginal cirri. A – ventral view of Euplotes balteatus, to show the ventral ciliature (from Kahl 1932); B, C – ventral and dorsal views of Euplotes balteatus, showing the silverline systerm (from Tuffrau 1964); D – Euplotes balteatus, to show variations in the shape of the macronucleus; E, F – ventral and dorsal views showing the silverline system; G–K – Euplotes wilberti nov. spec., to show the live morphology (G), silverline system (H, I), infraciliature (J, K) and macronucleus (K) (from Song and Wilbert 2002). Scale bar: 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13192789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13192789/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="35">Fig. 4G–K</figureCitation>
). However, the
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population differs from
@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ so we therefore establish a new species for this population,
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<emphasis id="7BB6AF77FF9D98316E68FB6634825A84" bold="true" box="[113,225,1177,1199]" pageId="7" pageNumber="36">Fig. 5A–R.</emphasis>
Morphology from life, infraciliature and silverline system of four morphologically similar

111
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@ -1,77 +1,78 @@
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(
<figureCitation id="F4F62A5CFF967D66E3D6F975FAB2F912" box="[1180,1303,1730,1756]" captionStart-0="Figs 1–9" captionStart-1="Figs 10–18" captionStart-2="Figs 19–28" captionStart-3="Figs 29–36" captionStartId-0="2.[132,175,1778,1800]" captionStartId-1="4.[132,175,1190,1212]" captionStartId-2="6.[132,175,1502,1524]" captionStartId-3="7.[125,168,1064,1086]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1434,235,1703]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1427,243,1143]" captionTargetBox-2="[155,1440,223,1454]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,223,1020]" captionTargetId-0="figure-6@2.[155,1440,223,1709]" captionTargetId-1="figure-6@4.[157,1442,223,1156]" captionTargetId-2="figure-6@6.[155,1440,223,1454]" captionTargetId-3="figure-6@7.[151,1436,223,1020]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="Figs 1–9. Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. in vivo (1–7) and after protargol impregnation (8, 9). 1, 2 – ventral views of different individuals, arrows indicate the longest caudal cirrus; 3 – dorsal view, showing the conspicuous ridges; 4 – lateral view; 5 – frontoventral cirri, arrows indicate the cortical granules around the cirri; 6 – apical view of the cortical granules distributed on the dorsal side; 7 – lateral view of the cortical granules; 8, 9 – ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen, showing the general infraciliature and the micronucleus (arrow). AZM – adoral zone of membranelles, CC – caudal cirri, DK – dorsal kineties, FVC – frontoventral cirri, MC – marginal cirri, PM – paroral membrane, TC – transverse cirri, 1–11 – dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 50 μm." captionText-1="Figs 10–18. Morphogenesis and macronucleus of Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. after protargol impregnation. 10–12 – different shapes of macronucleus; 13, 14 – ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen at an early stage of morphogenesis, showing the appearance of frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen (arrowheads), the developing oral primordium (arrow) and the proliferation of basal bodies in the dorsal kineties (double-arrowheads); 15, 16 – ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen showing the marginal cirral anlagen (arrowheads) and the newly formed dorsal kinety anlagen (double-arrowheads); 17, 18 – ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen showing the migratory cirral anlage in the proter (arrowhead) and the longer dorsal kinety anlagen (double-arrowheads)." captionText-2="Figs 19–28. Photomicrographs of Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. in vivo (19–25) and after protargol impregnation (26–28). 19, 20 – ventral views of different specimens, arrowheads in (19) to show the ventral ridges; 21 – dorsal view, arrowheads point to the dominant dorsal ridges; 22 – lateral view; 23 – ventral view of the posterior end, arrowhead marks the longest caudal cirrus; 24 – detailed dorsal view, arrowheads point to the apical view of the granules around the dorsal brush; 25 – arrowheads to show the lateral view of granules around the dorsal brush; 26 – arrow indicates the curved C-shaped macronucleus; 27, 28 – infraciliature on the ventral and dorsal sides, arrowheads indicate the dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 50 μm." captionText-3="Figs 29–36. Photomicrographs of Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. during binary division after protargol impregnation. 29, 32 – ventral and dorsal views of a specimen at an early stage of morphogenesis to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen (29, arrowheads) and denote the parental dikinetids (32, arrowheads); 30, 33, 34 – ventral and dorsal views of a specimen at a slightly later stage of morphogenesis, to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen developed and broadened (30), the newly formed dorsal kineties anlagen (33, arrowheads) and the marginal anlagen (34, arrowheads); 31, 35, 36 – ventral and dorsal views of a specimen at middle-stage to show the rightmost frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen (31, arrowheads), the migratory cirral anlage in the proter (31, double-arrowhead), the marginal cirral anlagen (31, arrows), the dorsal kineties anlagen (35, arrowheads) and the replication bands (36, arrowheads)." pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Figs 1–36</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F4F62A5CFF967D66E3D6F975FAB2F912" box="[1180,1303,1730,1756]" captionStart-0="Figs 1–9" captionStart-1="Figs 10–18" captionStart-2="Figs 19–28" captionStart-3="Figs 29–36" captionStartId-0="2.[132,175,1778,1800]" captionStartId-1="4.[132,175,1190,1212]" captionStartId-2="6.[132,175,1502,1524]" captionStartId-3="7.[125,168,1064,1086]" captionTargetBox-0="[161,1434,235,1703]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1427,243,1143]" captionTargetBox-2="[155,1440,223,1454]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,223,1020]" captionTargetId-0="figure-6@2.[155,1440,223,1709]" captionTargetId-1="figure-6@4.[157,1442,223,1156]" captionTargetId-2="figure-6@6.[155,1440,223,1454]" captionTargetId-3="figure-6@7.[151,1436,223,1020]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="Figs 1–9. Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. in vivo (1–7) and after protargol impregnation (8, 9). 1, 2 – ventral views of different individuals, arrows indicate the longest caudal cirrus; 3 – dorsal view, showing the conspicuous ridges; 4 – lateral view; 5 – frontoventral cirri, arrows indicate the cortical granules around the cirri; 6 – apical view of the cortical granules distributed on the dorsal side; 7 – lateral view of the cortical granules; 8, 9 – ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen, showing the general infraciliature and the micronucleus (arrow). AZM – adoral zone of membranelles, CC – caudal cirri, DK – dorsal kineties, FVC – frontoventral cirri, MC – marginal cirri, PM – paroral membrane, TC – transverse cirri, 1–11 – dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 50 μm." captionText-1="Figs 10–18. Morphogenesis and macronucleus of Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. after protargol impregnation. 10–12 – different shapes of macronucleus; 13, 14 – ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen at an early stage of morphogenesis, showing the appearance of frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen (arrowheads), the developing oral primordium (arrow) and the proliferation of basal bodies in the dorsal kineties (double-arrowheads); 15, 16 – ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen showing the marginal cirral anlagen (arrowheads) and the newly formed dorsal kinety anlagen (double-arrowheads); 17, 18 – ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen showing the migratory cirral anlage in the proter (arrowhead) and the longer dorsal kinety anlagen (double-arrowheads)." captionText-2="Figs 19–28. Photomicrographs of Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. in vivo (19–25) and after protargol impregnation (26–28). 19, 20 – ventral views of different specimens, arrowheads in (19) to show the ventral ridges; 21 – dorsal view, arrowheads point to the dominant dorsal ridges; 22 – lateral view; 23 – ventral view of the posterior end, arrowhead marks the longest caudal cirrus; 24 – detailed dorsal view, arrowheads point to the apical view of the granules around the dorsal brush; 25 – arrowheads to show the lateral view of granules around the dorsal brush; 26 – arrow indicates the curved C-shaped macronucleus; 27, 28 – infraciliature on the ventral and dorsal sides, arrowheads indicate the dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 50 μm." captionText-3="Figs 29–36. Photomicrographs of Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. during binary division after protargol impregnation. 29, 32 – ventral and dorsal views of a specimen at an early stage of morphogenesis to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen (29, arrowheads) and denote the parental dikinetids (32, arrowheads); 30, 33, 34 – ventral and dorsal views of a specimen at a slightly later stage of morphogenesis, to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen developed and broadened (30), the newly formed dorsal kineties anlagen (33, arrowheads) and the marginal anlagen (34, arrowheads); 31, 35, 36 – ventral and dorsal views of a specimen at middle-stage to show the rightmost frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen (31, arrowheads), the migratory cirral anlage in the proter (31, double-arrowhead), the marginal cirral anlagen (31, arrows), the dorsal kineties anlagen (35, arrowheads) and the replication bands (36, arrowheads)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193138" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193140" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193142" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193144" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13193138/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13193140/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13193142/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13193144/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Figs 1–36</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="214F0362FF967D66E269F975FA2CF912" box="[1315,1417,1730,1756]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[125,178,223,245]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric data for Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. (upper rows) and E. balteatus (lower rows). Min – Minimum, Max – maximum, Mean – arithmetic mean, SD – standard deviation, SE – standard error of arithmetic mean, CV – coefficient of variation (%), n – number of individuals examined." pageId="1" pageNumber="74">Tables 1</tableCitation>
,
@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ with 10 conspicuous dorsal ridges, 100–170 × 80–120 μm
. Adoral zone comprising about three-quarters of the total cell length, with about 48 membranelles; consistently 10 frontoventral, five transverse and two marginal cirri, and, generally, two or three caudal cirri, with second cirrus prolonged significantly; 11 dorsal kineties with about 16 dikinetids in mid-dorsal row. Macronucleus variable in shape, anterior part typically C-shaped with posterior part distorted.
</paragraph>
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<caption id="38B26651FF957D65E7CEF945FCFCF85D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193138" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13193138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13193138/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="75" startId="2.[132,175,1778,1800]" targetBox="[161,1434,235,1703]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="6C7236D9FF957D65E7CEF945FCFCF85D" blockId="2.[132,1464,1778,1940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="5EB9EACBFF957D65E7CEF945FF45F8C9" bold="true" box="[132,224,1778,1800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="75">Figs 1–9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ABCD4D5AFF957D65E7ACF945FE6CF8C9" authorityName="Chen &amp; Zhao &amp; Al-Farraj &amp; Al-Quraishy &amp; El-Serehy &amp; Shao &amp; Al-Rasheid" authorityYear="2013" box="[230,457,1778,1799]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="75" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="dammamensis" status="sp. nov.">
@ -325,9 +326,9 @@ The slide (registration number: CXR-
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<figureCitation id="F4F62A5CFF947D64E789F95CFE93F8CB" box="[195,310,1771,1797]" captionStart="Figs 1–9" captionStartId="2.[132,175,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[161,1434,235,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-6@2.[155,1440,223,1709]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–9. Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. in vivo (1–7) and after protargol impregnation (8, 9). 1, 2 – ventral views of different individuals, arrows indicate the longest caudal cirrus; 3 – dorsal view, showing the conspicuous ridges; 4 – lateral view; 5 – frontoventral cirri, arrows indicate the cortical granules around the cirri; 6 – apical view of the cortical granules distributed on the dorsal side; 7 – lateral view of the cortical granules; 8, 9 – ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen, showing the general infraciliature and the micronucleus (arrow). AZM – adoral zone of membranelles, CC – caudal cirri, DK – dorsal kineties, FVC – frontoventral cirri, MC – marginal cirri, PM – paroral membrane, TC – transverse cirri, 1–11 – dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 50 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Figs 8, 9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F4F62A5CFF947D64E789F95CFE93F8CB" box="[195,310,1771,1797]" captionStart="Figs 1–9" captionStartId="2.[132,175,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[161,1434,235,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-6@2.[155,1440,223,1709]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–9. Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. in vivo (1–7) and after protargol impregnation (8, 9). 1, 2 – ventral views of different individuals, arrows indicate the longest caudal cirrus; 3 – dorsal view, showing the conspicuous ridges; 4 – lateral view; 5 – frontoventral cirri, arrows indicate the cortical granules around the cirri; 6 – apical view of the cortical granules distributed on the dorsal side; 7 – lateral view of the cortical granules; 8, 9 – ventral and dorsal views of the same specimen, showing the general infraciliature and the micronucleus (arrow). AZM – adoral zone of membranelles, CC – caudal cirri, DK – dorsal kineties, FVC – frontoventral cirri, MC – marginal cirri, PM – paroral membrane, TC – transverse cirri, 1–11 – dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193138" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13193138/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="76">Figs 8, 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F4F62A5CFF947D64E60DF95CFE33F8CB" box="[327,406,1771,1797]" captionStart="Figs 19–28" captionStartId="6.[132,175,1502,1524]" captionTargetBox="[155,1440,223,1454]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[155,1440,223,1454]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 19–28. Photomicrographs of Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. in vivo (19–25) and after protargol impregnation (26–28). 19, 20 – ventral views of different specimens, arrowheads in (19) to show the ventral ridges; 21 – dorsal view, arrowheads point to the dominant dorsal ridges; 22 – lateral view; 23 – ventral view of the posterior end, arrowhead marks the longest caudal cirrus; 24 – detailed dorsal view, arrowheads point to the apical view of the granules around the dorsal brush; 25 – arrowheads to show the lateral view of granules around the dorsal brush; 26 – arrow indicates the curved C-shaped macronucleus; 27, 28 – infraciliature on the ventral and dorsal sides, arrowheads indicate the dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 50 μm." pageId="3" pageNumber="76">27, 28</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F4F62A5CFF947D64E60DF95CFE33F8CB" box="[327,406,1771,1797]" captionStart="Figs 19–28" captionStartId="6.[132,175,1502,1524]" captionTargetBox="[155,1440,223,1454]" captionTargetId="figure-6@6.[155,1440,223,1454]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs 19–28. Photomicrographs of Euplotes dammamensis n. sp. in vivo (19–25) and after protargol impregnation (26–28). 19, 20 – ventral views of different specimens, arrowheads in (19) to show the ventral ridges; 21 – dorsal view, arrowheads point to the dominant dorsal ridges; 22 – lateral view; 23 – ventral view of the posterior end, arrowhead marks the longest caudal cirrus; 24 – detailed dorsal view, arrowheads point to the apical view of the granules around the dorsal brush; 25 – arrowheads to show the lateral view of granules around the dorsal brush; 26 – arrow indicates the curved C-shaped macronucleus; 27, 28 – infraciliature on the ventral and dorsal sides, arrowheads indicate the dorsal kineties. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13193142" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13193142/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="76">27, 28</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="33C9652904263876FC8FB2A2FA874EB3" box="[846,1368,1423,1451]" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="7B6C36A204263876FC8FB2A2FA874EB3" blockId="1.[846,1368,1423,1451]" box="[846,1368,1423,1451]" pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="BCD34D2104263876FC8FB2A2FA874EB3" box="[846,1368,1423,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="scabrinodis" variety="rugulosoides">
<emphasis id="49A7EAB004263876FC8FB2A2FA874EB3" bold="true" box="[846,1368,1423,1451]" pageId="1" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="49A7EAB004263876FC8FB2A2FBB84EB3" bold="true" box="[846,1127,1423,1451]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="12">Myrmica scabrinodis</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="49A7EAB004263876FB6DB2A2FA874EB3" bold="true" box="[1196,1368,1423,1451]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="12">rugulosoides</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>