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Geoffroy, 1785
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(Gmelin, 1790,
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)
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<taxonomicName id="0548AED4B7CC8519013A7D0C6029B858" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ethelurgina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethelurgina laticeps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laticeps">laticeps</taxonomicName>
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Thomson, 1883
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<taxonomicName id="23ED1ED6E7DAB329A9E54CF0BE3CAFD8" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Ethelurgina" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethelurgina erythropus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythropus">erythropus</taxonomicName>
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Kriechbaumer, 1891
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<paragraph id="76433FA7EAD3C2358A48DF47A8B4BF56" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0668764A204BD2BE85227CD80CFF138E" pageId="0" pageNumber="9042">England, Scotland, Ireland</paragraph>
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<treatment id="CA4C42342044324BCABEEB39FF3DFE31" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5941959" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156146820" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5941959" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA4C42342044324BCABEEB39FF3DFE31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA4C42342044324BCABEEB39FF3DFE31" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="498" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
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<taxonomicName id="85E588A12044324ECABEEB39FD27F9E9" authority="Rodriguez-Serrano & Forero" authorityName="Rodríguez-Serrano & Forero" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,757,1554,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Eucyphonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festiva" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="70912F302044324ECABEEB39FEADF9E8" bold="true" box="[151,383,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">Eucyphonia festiva</emphasis>
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Rodríguez-Serrano & Forero
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BA2924B2044324EC92BEB38FC8DF9E9" box="[770,863,1555,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="425AF3222044324ECABEEB1DFC5FF98B" blockId="1.[151,909,1554,1615]" box="[151,909,1590,1615]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">urn:lsdi:zoobank.org:act:5A7562BC- 4370-8D6B-1750F0AA73DC</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0AFFA0A92044324ECABEEB57FCE6F88C" pageId="1" pageNumber="495" type="diagnosis">
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<emphasis id="70912F302044324ECABEEB57FEC3F951" bold="true" box="[151,273,1660,1685]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Overall coloration bright orange-yellow with black markings above ocelli, on metopidium, at vertical ramus of suprahumeral processes, apex of medial process of pronotum, base of medial spine of posterior process of pronotum, and apex of globular portion of lateral branches of posterior process; forewing with some black markings between crossveins. Pronotum with vertical ramus of suprahumeral process globular, basally with long lateral sharp spine; posterolateral margin tumid; lateral branches of posterior process with ovate basal section reaching almost two thirds length of medial posterior spine.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="70912F302044324ECAEEEA7FFE8BF8A9" bold="true" box="[199,345,1876,1901]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">Description.</emphasis>
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||||
Female. Coloration: Bright orange-yellow overall with symmetrical black markings (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72044324ECF1BEA7FFA5CF8A8" box="[1330,1422,1876,1901]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1988,2010]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,339,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,339,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structural details of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A) Dorsal view. B) Lateral view. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632335/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Head with pair of black markings over ocelli; thorax with pair of black markings on metopidium (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72044324ECF3CEA5CFABCF854" box="[1301,1390,1911,1936]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1988,2010]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,339,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,339,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structural details of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A) Dorsal view. B) Lateral view. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632335/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), at latero-ventral base of suprahumeral process and at tip of vertical ramus, on anteromedial small concave area of posterolateral margin, apex of medial process of pronotum, base of medial spine of posterior process of pronotum, and apex of globular portion of lateral branches of posterior process; forewing with black spots between intersections of basal Cu cell, first and third discoidal, as well as between first, second and third discoidal cell (
|
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<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72047324DCAB6EDF4FED0FF3C" box="[159,258,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1988,2010]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,339,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,339,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structural details of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A) Dorsal view. B) Lateral view. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632335/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="496">Figs. 1B</figureCitation>
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||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72047324DCB26EDCBFEE1FF3C" box="[271,307,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1165,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1165,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Structural details of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A) Frontal view. B) Oblique view. C) Live specimen (photo courtesy of A. Pinzón 2016). Scale 1 mm. Abbreviations: (lb) lateral branches of posterior process; (met) metopidium; (mp) medial process; (ms) posterior medial spine; (oc) ocelli; (pm) posterolateral margin of pronotum; (sh) suprahumeral processes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632337/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="496">2B</figureCitation>
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||||
); metatibia with black apical ring (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72047324DC8E8EDF4FCCBFF3C" box="[705,793,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1988,2010]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,339,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,339,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structural details of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A) Dorsal view. B) Lateral view. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632335/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="496">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); abdomen grayish, light yellow between each of sternal segments reaching pleural region (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72047324DC830EC2FFDA2FED8" box="[537,624,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1988,2010]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,339,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,339,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structural details of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A) Dorsal view. B) Lateral view. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632335/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="496">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="169AA3AA2047324DCABEEAEFFB07F81E" box="[151,1237,1988,2010]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632335/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="496" startId="2.[151,250,1988,2010]" targetBox="[151,1431,339,1927]" targetPageId="2">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222047324DCABEEAEFFB07F81E" blockId="2.[151,1237,1988,2010]" box="[151,1237,1988,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="496">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302047324DCABEEAEFFEC1F81D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1988,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="496">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||||
Structural details of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E588A12047324DCBCFEAEFFD7AF81E" authority="Rodríguez-Serrano & Forero, 2019" authorityName="Rodríguez-Serrano & Forero" authorityYear="2019" box="[486,680,1988,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Eucyphonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="496" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festiva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302047324DCBCFEAEFFD7AF81E" box="[486,680,1988,2010]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="496">Eucyphonia festiva</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BA2924B2047324DC887EAEFFD2DF81D" box="[686,767,1988,2009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="496" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302047324DC887EAEFFD2DF81D" bold="true" box="[686,767,1988,2009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="496">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
A) Dorsal view. B) Lateral view. Scale 1 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222046324CCAEEEDB3FAD4FCFC" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
Structure:
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302046324CCB17EDBCFEA8FF74" box="[318,378,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
: Head width across eyes less than distance between pronotal humeri; frontoclypeus without distinct lateral lobes.
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302046324CCBBAED97FE36FF11" box="[403,484,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||||
: Pronotal surface smooth, shiny, covered with sparse, long setae. Pronotum with suprahumeral processes (
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302046324CCB9DEDF4FE1FFF3C" box="[436,461,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">sh</emphasis>
|
||||
) with vertical ramus globular and tumescent, lateral ramus about two times as long as width of vertical ramus, apically sharp and directed laterad in dorsal view(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72046324CC9FEEC2FFBFBFED8" box="[983,1065,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1988,2010]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,339,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,339,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structural details of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A) Dorsal view. B) Lateral view. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632335/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), moderately elevated in anterior view (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72046324CCAF7EC0CFEEBFE84" box="[222,313,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1165,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1165,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Structural details of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A) Frontal view. B) Oblique view. C) Live specimen (photo courtesy of A. Pinzón 2016). Scale 1 mm. Abbreviations: (lb) lateral branches of posterior process; (met) metopidium; (mp) medial process; (ms) posterior medial spine; (oc) ocelli; (pm) posterolateral margin of pronotum; (sh) suprahumeral processes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632337/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||||
); posterolateral margin (
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302046324CC866EC02FDA3FE84" box="[591,625,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">pm</emphasis>
|
||||
) tumid, laterally broadly rounded (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72046324CCE29EC0CFB8AFE84" box="[1024,1112,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1988,2010]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,339,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,339,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Structural details of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A) Dorsal view. B) Lateral view. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632335/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); medial process (
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302046324CCF00EC02FA99FE84" box="[1321,1355,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">mp</emphasis>
|
||||
) short, hump-like, directed upward (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72046324CCBC8EC67FDE8FEA0" box="[481,570,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1165,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1165,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Structural details of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A) Frontal view. B) Oblique view. C) Live specimen (photo courtesy of A. Pinzón 2016). Scale 1 mm. Abbreviations: (lb) lateral branches of posterior process; (met) metopidium; (mp) medial process; (ms) posterior medial spine; (oc) ocelli; (pm) posterolateral margin of pronotum; (sh) suprahumeral processes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632337/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); medial base of posterior process swollen, lateral branches (
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302046324CCED8EC67FAD5FEA1" box="[1265,1287,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">lb</emphasis>
|
||||
) of posterior process basally ovate, subglobular, apically very narrow (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72046324CC919EC44FC58FE4C" box="[816,906,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1165,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1165,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Structural details of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A) Frontal view. B) Oblique view. C) Live specimen (photo courtesy of A. Pinzón 2016). Scale 1 mm. Abbreviations: (lb) lateral branches of posterior process; (met) metopidium; (mp) medial process; (ms) posterior medial spine; (oc) ocelli; (pm) posterolateral margin of pronotum; (sh) suprahumeral processes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632337/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), reaching almost two thirds length of medial spine; medial spine curved downwards, reaching nearly to apex of forewings (broken in
|
||||
<typeStatus id="9D5E4D802046324CCE84ECBFFAC0FE69" box="[1197,1298,404,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
, but clearly visible in live specimen,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72046324CCB9EEC9CFDC3FE14" box="[439,529,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1941,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1165,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1165,1920]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Structural details of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A) Frontal view. B) Oblique view. C) Live specimen (photo courtesy of A. Pinzón 2016). Scale 1 mm. Abbreviations: (lb) lateral branches of posterior process; (met) metopidium; (mp) medial process; (ms) posterior medial spine; (oc) ocelli; (pm) posterolateral margin of pronotum; (sh) suprahumeral processes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632337/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302046324CC80EEC92FD41FE14" box="[551,659,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Forewing</emphasis>
|
||||
: Same as described for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E588A12046324CC983EC9CFACFFE14" authority="(Kopp & Yonke, 1979)" authorityName="Kopp & Yonke" authorityYear="1979" baseAuthorityName="Kopp & Yonke" baseAuthorityYear="1979" box="[938,1309,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceresini">
|
||||
Ceresini (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="26748ED32046324CCE31EC93FAC7FE14" author="Kopp, D. D. & Yonke, T. R." box="[1048,1301,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" pagination="1 - 98" refId="ref4157" refString="Kopp, D. D. & Yonke, T. R. (1979) A taxonomic review of the tribe Ceresini. Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America, 11 (2), 1 - 98." type="journal article" year="1979">Kopp & Yonke, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302046324CCF03EC9CFA46FE14" box="[1322,1428,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||||
: Surface smooth (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72046324CCB7CECF7FE7DFE30" box="[341,431,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[169,1424,212,1273]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1324]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Abdomen and female genitalia of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A–B) Dissected abdomen; A) lateral left view, B) ventral view. C–G) Ovipositor, lateral left view; C) gonoplac, D) first valvula, E) second valvula, F) detail of apex of first valvula, G) detail of apex of second valvula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302046324CCBEBECF7FDFEFE31" box="[450,556,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||||
: Pygofer surface smooth, ventral margin with long, strong setae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72046324CCF20ECF7FA5FFE30" box="[1289,1421,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[169,1424,212,1273]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1324]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Abdomen and female genitalia of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A–B) Dissected abdomen; A) lateral left view, B) ventral view. C–G) Ovipositor, lateral left view; C) gonoplac, D) first valvula, E) second valvula, F) detail of apex of first valvula, G) detail of apex of second valvula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Figs. 3A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
); pair of foveae dorsally towards apex. Gonoplac uniformly broad on apical half, apex rounded, ventral margin with macrosetae (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72046324CCB01EF0FFE57FDF8" box="[296,389,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[169,1424,212,1273]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1324]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Abdomen and female genitalia of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A–B) Dissected abdomen; A) lateral left view, B) ventral view. C–G) Ovipositor, lateral left view; C) gonoplac, D) first valvula, E) second valvula, F) detail of apex of first valvula, G) detail of apex of second valvula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). First valvula gently curved upward, narrowing towards apex; ramus extending to about midlength of valvula, more sclerotized basally; dorsal sculptured area extending to base of valvula, ornate with oblique integumental lines (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72046324CCBFDEF47FDFCFD40" box="[468,558,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[169,1424,212,1273]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1324]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Abdomen and female genitalia of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A–B) Dissected abdomen; A) lateral left view, B) ventral view. C–G) Ovipositor, lateral left view; C) gonoplac, D) first valvula, E) second valvula, F) detail of apex of first valvula, G) detail of apex of second valvula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), apex gently sinuous and tapering apically (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72046324CCE04EF47FB56FD40" box="[1069,1156,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[169,1424,212,1273]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1324]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Abdomen and female genitalia of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A–B) Dissected abdomen; A) lateral left view, B) ventral view. C–G) Ovipositor, lateral left view; C) gonoplac, D) first valvula, E) second valvula, F) detail of apex of first valvula, G) detail of apex of second valvula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||||
); ventral sculptured area restricted to apical third of valvula, divided into two portions interrupted by a glabrous area, basal portion ornate with oblique, fine lines, apical portion short, with irregular, nearly perpendicular lines (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72046324CCEA9EF9FFB0AFD08" box="[1152,1240,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[169,1424,212,1273]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1324]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Abdomen and female genitalia of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A–B) Dissected abdomen; A) lateral left view, B) ventral view. C–G) Ovipositor, lateral left view; C) gonoplac, D) first valvula, E) second valvula, F) detail of apex of first valvula, G) detail of apex of second valvula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Second valvula more strongly sclerotized than first, gently curved upward, of uniform width, tapering apically, apex shortly rounded; dorsal margin smooth, serrate on apical fifth (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72046324CC93EEFD7FCA2FCD0" box="[791,880,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[169,1424,212,1273]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1324]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Abdomen and female genitalia of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A–B) Dissected abdomen; A) lateral left view, B) ventral view. C–G) Ovipositor, lateral left view; C) gonoplac, D) first valvula, E) second valvula, F) detail of apex of first valvula, G) detail of apex of second valvula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), denticles triangular (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72046324CCE5DEFD7FB03FCD0" box="[1140,1233,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[169,1424,212,1273]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1324]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Abdomen and female genitalia of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A–B) Dissected abdomen; A) lateral left view, B) ventral view. C–G) Ovipositor, lateral left view; C) gonoplac, D) first valvula, E) second valvula, F) detail of apex of first valvula, G) detail of apex of second valvula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||||
); apical half with irregular ducts and pores (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72046324CCB95EE34FDC4FCFC" box="[444,534,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[169,1424,212,1273]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1324]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Abdomen and female genitalia of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A–B) Dissected abdomen; A) lateral left view, B) ventral view. C–G) Ovipositor, lateral left view; C) gonoplac, D) first valvula, E) second valvula, F) detail of apex of first valvula, G) detail of apex of second valvula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
|
||||
); ramus reaching apex of valvulae, of nearly equal width (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADEEFA72046324CCE8BEE34FB2BFCFC" box="[1186,1273,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1345,1367]" captionTargetBox="[169,1424,212,1273]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,195,1324]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Abdomen and female genitalia of Eucyphonia festiva sp. nov. A–B) Dissected abdomen; A) lateral left view, B) ventral view. C–G) Ovipositor, lateral left view; C) gonoplac, D) first valvula, E) second valvula, F) detail of apex of first valvula, G) detail of apex of second valvula." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632339/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222046324CCAEEEE6EFB29FC0C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Measurements: Total length (head to apex of forewing): 6.07; length from head to abdomen apex: 4.77; head length: 0.93; head width: 2.13; distance between ocelli: 0.39; length of pronotum up to apex of lateral branch of posterior process: 4.84; distance between apex of lateral rami of suprahumeral processes: 3.21; distance between apex of medial processes: 0.62; distance between apex of lateral branches of posterior process: 2.98.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222046324CCAEEEEFFFE57FC29" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1112]" box="[199,389,980,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Male. Unknown.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFFA0A92046324CCAEEEEDCFB97FB9C" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222046324CCAEEEEDCFB97FB9C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302046324CCAEEEEDCFEA3FBD4" bold="true" box="[199,369,1015,1040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Type Material</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="F28DF97F2046324CCBA8EEDCFF2BFB9C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2235579187" collectingDate="2016-03-07" collectingDateMax="2016-03-11" collectingDateMin="2016-03-07" collectionCode="MPUJ" collectorName="J. Rodriguez" country="Colombia" elevation="900" latitude="4.89811" location="Sendero Hyca Quye" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-73.29344" municipality="Santa Maria" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" specimenCode="ENT 0019903" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Boyaca" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="9D5E4D802046324CCBA8EEDCFE3BFBD4" box="[385,489,1015,1040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
Female.
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302046324CC87BEEDCFD2AFBD4" bold="true" box="[594,760,1015,1040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="3AF2B3B22046324CC87BEEDCFD21FBD4" box="[594,755,1015,1040]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="80213DC02046324CC929EED3FC85FBD4" box="[768,855,1016,1040]" country="Colombia" name="Boyaca" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Boyacá</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="A23E69582046324CC94AEED3FC3DFBD4" box="[867,1007,1016,1040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Santa María</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="473AA5F92046324CC9D2EEDCFB33FBD4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA4C42342044324BCABEEB39FF3DFE31:473AA5F92046324CC9D2EEDCFB33FBD4" box="[1019,1249,1015,1040]" country="Colombia" latitude="4.89811" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-73.29344" municipality="Santa Maria" name="Sendero Hyca Quye" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" stateProvince="Boyaca">Sendero Hyca Quye</location>
|
||||
, ~
|
||||
<locationDeviation id="53E8EA002046324CCED2EEDCFEF5FBF0" location="Santa Maria" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<quantity id="851D5EC72046324CCED2EEDCFA91FBD4" box="[1275,1347,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" unit="km" value="5.5">5.5km</quantity>
|
||||
NW de Santa María
|
||||
</locationDeviation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="27D195E52046324CCB1EE937FE7FFBF0" box="[311,429,1052,1076]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" precision="1" value="4.89811">4,89811°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="27D195E52046324CCB93E937FD95FBF0" box="[442,583,1052,1076]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" precision="1" value="-73.29344">73,29344°W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="C9C814112046324CC87FE937FD4BFBF0" box="[598,665,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="900.0">
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<quantity id="851D5EC72046324CC87FE937FD4BFBF0" box="[598,665,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" unit="m" value="900.0">900m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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,
|
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<collectingDate id="261F2C0A2046324CC880E937FCAEFBF1" box="[681,892,1052,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" value="2016-03-07" valueMax="2016-03-11" valueMin="2016-03-07">
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<date id="365BD5E22046324CC880E937FCAEFBF1" box="[681,892,1052,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" value="2016-03-07" valueMax="2016-03-11" valueMin="2016-03-07">7–11 March 2016</date>
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</collectingDate>
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,
|
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<collectorName id="EF1096F42046324CC9A5E936FBCCFBF1" box="[908,1054,1052,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">J. Rodríguez</collectorName>
|
||||
/ sobre
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E588A12046324CCEAFE936FB17FBF0" box="[1158,1221,1053,1076]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302046324CCEAFE936FB17FBF0" box="[1158,1221,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Piper</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. /
|
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_
|
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<specimenCode id="12435B592046324CCF4FE936FF2BFB9C" collectionCode="MPUJ" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">ENT 0019903</specimenCode>
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/
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E588A12046324CCB57E914FD86FB9C" authority="Rodríguez-Serrano & Forero, 2019" authorityName="Rodríguez-Serrano & Forero" authorityYear="2019" box="[382,596,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Eucyphonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festiva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302046324CCB57E914FD86FB9C" box="[382,596,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Eucyphonia festiva</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
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|
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<emphasis id="70912F302046324CC872E914FD66FB9C" bold="true" box="[603,692,1087,1112]" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Rodríguez-Serrano & Forero 2019.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="169AA3AA2046324CCABEEABEFA4BF82C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2632337/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" startId="3.[151,250,1941,1963]" targetBox="[151,1436,1165,1916]" targetPageId="3">
|
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<paragraph id="425AF3222046324CCABEEABEFA4BF82C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1941,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302046324CCABEEABEFEC4F86E" bold="true" box="[151,278,1941,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
Structural details of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E588A12046324CCBDFEABEFD69F86F" authority="Rodríguez-Serrano & Forero, 2019" authorityName="Rodríguez-Serrano & Forero" authorityYear="2019" box="[502,699,1941,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Eucyphonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festiva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302046324CCBDFEABEFD69F86F" box="[502,699,1941,1963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">Eucyphonia festiva</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BA2924B2046324CC8EDEABEFCCAF86E" box="[708,792,1941,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="497" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302046324CC8EDEABEFCCAF86E" bold="true" box="[708,792,1941,1962]" pageId="3" pageNumber="497">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
A) Frontal view. B) Oblique view. C) Live specimen (photo courtesy of A. Pinzón 2016). Scale 1 mm. Abbreviations: (lb) lateral branches of posterior process; (met) metopidium; (mp) medial process; (ms) posterior medial spine; (oc) ocelli; (pm) posterolateral margin of pronotum; (sh) suprahumeral processes.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFFA0A92041324BCAEEEDBCFE49FE4C" pageId="4" pageNumber="498" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222041324BCAEEEDBCFB3BFED9" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="498">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302041324BCAEEEDBCFEB2FF74" bold="true" box="[199,352,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="498">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E588A12041324BCB43EDBCFD91FF74" authority="Rodríguez-Serrano & Forero, 2019" authorityName="Rodríguez-Serrano & Forero" authorityYear="2019" box="[362,579,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Eucyphonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festiva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302041324BCB43EDBCFD91FF74" box="[362,579,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="498">Eucyphonia festiva</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BA2924B2041324BC867EDBCFD79FF74" box="[590,683,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="498" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302041324BC867EDBCFD79FF74" bold="true" box="[590,683,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="498">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
is only known from its
|
||||
<typeStatus id="9D5E4D802041324BC9E2EDB3FC29FF74" box="[971,1019,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="498">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
locality in Santa María,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="80213DC02041324BCF08EDB3FAAAFF74" box="[1313,1400,152,176]" country="Colombia" name="Boyaca" pageId="4" pageNumber="498">Boyacá</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="3AF2B3B22041324BCABEED97FEDAFF11" box="[151,264,188,213]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="498">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, located on the eastern slope of the Eastern Cordillera, and adjacent to the Orinoco region. This new species represents the first record of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E588A12041324BC86CEDF4FD19FF3C" authorityName="Sakakibara" authorityYear="1968" box="[581,715,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Eucyphonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302041324BC86CEDF4FD19FF3C" box="[581,715,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="498">Eucyphonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="3AF2B3B22041324BC93FEDF4FC5AFF3C" box="[790,904,223,248]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="498">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. Interestingly, no species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E588A12041324BCEFEEDF4FA8FFF3C" authorityName="Sakakibara" authorityYear="1968" box="[1239,1373,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Eucyphonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302041324BCEFEEDF4FA8FFF3C" box="[1239,1373,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="498">Eucyphonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have been reported from west of the Andes, unlike some of the species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E588A12041324BC9B1EC2FFB36FED9" authority="(Sakakibara, 1968)" authorityName="Sakakibara" authorityYear="1968" baseAuthorityName="Sakakibara" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[920,1252,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Cyphonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302041324BC9B1EC2FFBD7FED9" box="[920,1029,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="498">Cyphonia</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="26748ED32041324BCE3DEC2FFB0EFED9" author="Sakakibara, A. M." box="[1044,1244,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="498" pagination="417 - 476" refId="ref4292" refString="Sakakibara, A. M. (1968) Revisao das especies do genero Cyphonia Laporte (Homoptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae). Studia Entomologica, 11 (1 - 4), 417 - 476." type="journal article" year="1968">Sakakibara, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222041324BCAEEEC0CFE49FE4C" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="498">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302041324BCAEEEC0CFE71FE84" bold="true" box="[199,419,295,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="498">Plant associations.</emphasis>
|
||||
The new species was found associated with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E588A12041324BC9B5EC02FC08FE84" box="[924,986,297,320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="4" pageNumber="498" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302041324BC9B5EC02FC08FE84" box="[924,986,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="498">Piper</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sp. (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E588A12041324BCE38EC0CFB43FE84" authorityName="" authorityYear="1792" box="[1041,1169,295,320]" family="Piperaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="4" pageNumber="498" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). This is the first time a plant association has been reported for any species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E588A12041324BC8C7EC67FCA6FEA1" authorityName="Sakakibara" authorityYear="1968" box="[750,884,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Eucyphonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="498" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302041324BC8C7EC67FCA6FEA1" box="[750,884,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="498">Eucyphonia</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Further field efforts should assess the validity of this single observation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFFA0A92041324BCAEEECBFFF3DFE31" pageId="4" pageNumber="498" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222041324BCAEEECBFFF3DFE31" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="498">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302041324BCAEEECBFFE9CFE69" bold="true" box="[199,334,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="498">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||||
The name is taken from the Latin “
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302041324BC8C4ECBFFC93FE68" box="[749,833,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="498">festivus</emphasis>
|
||||
” meaning excellent or fine, in order to highlight the joyful coloration of black markings over the bright yellow dorsum. This color pattern is characteristic of the new species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
189
data/CA/4C/42/CA4C42342044324ECABEEE37FA4EFA06.xml
Normal file
189
data/CA/4C/42/CA4C42342044324ECABEEE37FA4EFA06.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
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Key to the species of
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<emphasis id="70912F302044324ECBB5EE30FDFDFCF1" bold="true" box="[412,559,795,821]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">Eucyphonia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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(based on
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="26748ED32044324EC89CEE37FC5BFCF2" author="Sakakibara, A. M." box="[693,905,796,822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495" pagination="417 - 476" refId="ref4292" refString="Sakakibara, A. M. (1968) Revisao das especies do genero Cyphonia Laporte (Homoptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae). Studia Entomologica, 11 (1 - 4), 417 - 476." type="journal article" year="1968">Sakakibara 1968</bibRefCitation>
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||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFFA0A92044324ECABEEE4AFA4EFA06" pageId="1" pageNumber="495" type="key">
|
||||
<keyStep id="F911EB872044324ECABEEE4AFA49FC51" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222044324ECABEEE4AFA4EFCBC" blockId="1.[151,1436,865,1474]" box="[151,1436,865,888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<keyLead id="F91450172044324ECABEEE4AFA4EFCBC" box="[151,1436,865,888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
1. Coloration yellowish overall with dark spots.....................................................
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E588A12044324ECF22EE4AFA9BFCB3" authority="Rodríguez-Serrano & Forero, 2019" authorityName="Rodríguez-Serrano & Forero" authorityYear="2019" box="[1291,1353,865,887]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Eucyphonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="festiva" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302044324ECF22EE4AFA9BFCB3" box="[1291,1353,865,887]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">festiva</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="6BA2924B2044324ECF66EE49FA4EFCBC" box="[1359,1436,866,888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495" rank="species">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302044324ECF66EE49FA4EFCBC" bold="true" box="[1359,1436,866,888]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222044324ECABEEE54FA49FC51" blockId="1.[151,1436,865,1474]" box="[151,1435,895,917]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<keyLead id="F91450172044324ECABEEE54FA49FC51" box="[151,1435,895,917]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">1’. Coloration brown or black overall........................................................................ 2</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</keyStep>
|
||||
<keyStep id="F911EB872044324ECABEEEB7FA49FC0B" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222044324ECABEEEB7FA49FC76" blockId="1.[151,1436,865,1474]" box="[151,1435,924,946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<keyLead id="F91450172044324ECABEEEB7FA49FC76" box="[151,1435,924,946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">2. Pronotum brown or dark brown.......................................................................... 3</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222044324ECABEEE92FA49FC0B" blockId="1.[151,1436,865,1474]" box="[151,1435,953,975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<keyLead id="F91450172044324ECABEEE92FA49FC0B" box="[151,1435,953,975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">2’. Pronotum black with or without pale spots.................................................................. 4</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</keyStep>
|
||||
<keyStep id="F911EB872044324ECABEEEFCFA4EFB81" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222044324ECABEEEFCFA4EFBCE" blockId="1.[151,1436,865,1474]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<keyLead id="F91450172044324ECABEEEFCFA4EFBCE" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
3. Pronotum dark brown without spots; lateral branches of posterior process inflated, with diameter at the widest point approximately two thirds length of posterior medial spine...................................
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E588A12044324ECE74EEDFFA4EFBCE" ID-CoL="3BYVQ" authority="(Sakakibara, 1968)" authorityName="Sakakibara" authorityYear="1968" baseAuthorityName="Sakakibara" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[1117,1436,1012,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Eucyphonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassibullata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302044324ECE74EEDFFB0DFBCE" box="[1117,1247,1012,1034]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">crassibullata</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="26748ED32044324ECEC5EEDFFA47FBCE" author="Sakakibara, A. M." box="[1260,1429,1012,1034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495" pagination="417 - 476" refId="ref4292" refString="Sakakibara, A. M. (1968) Revisao das especies do genero Cyphonia Laporte (Homoptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae). Studia Entomologica, 11 (1 - 4), 417 - 476." type="journal article" year="1968">Sakakibara, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222044324ECABEE93AFA4EFB81" blockId="1.[151,1436,865,1474]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<keyLead id="F91450172044324ECABEE93AFA4EFB81" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
3’. Pronotum brown with yellow spots, lateral branches of the posterior process with diameter at widest point approximately one third length of posterior medial spine................................................
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302044324ECEAEE904FB0CFB81" box="[1159,1246,1071,1093]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">bifurcata</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="26748ED32044324ECEC5E904FA46FB81" author="Sakakibara, A. M." box="[1260,1428,1071,1093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495" pagination="417 - 476" refId="ref4292" refString="Sakakibara, A. M. (1968) Revisao das especies do genero Cyphonia Laporte (Homoptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae). Studia Entomologica, 11 (1 - 4), 417 - 476." type="journal article" year="1968">Sakakibara, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</keyStep>
|
||||
<keyStep id="F911EB872044324ECABEE967FA49FBBB" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222044324ECABEE967FA4EFBA6" blockId="1.[151,1436,865,1474]" box="[151,1436,1100,1122]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<keyLead id="F91450172044324ECABEE967FA4EFBA6" box="[151,1436,1100,1122]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
4. Pronotum without yellow spots; vertex with inferior borders yellow.........................
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302044324ECEB5E967FB32FBA6" box="[1180,1248,1100,1122]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">furcata</emphasis>
|
||||
(Burmeister, 1833)
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222044324ECABEE942FA49FBBB" blockId="1.[151,1436,865,1474]" box="[151,1435,1129,1151]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<keyLead id="F91450172044324ECABEE942FA49FBBB" box="[151,1435,1129,1151]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">4’. Pronotum with yellow spots............................................................................. 5</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</keyStep>
|
||||
<keyStep id="F911EB872044324ECABEE9ACFA49FB7E" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222044324ECABEE9ACFA4EFB59" blockId="1.[151,1436,865,1474]" box="[151,1436,1159,1181]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<keyLead id="F91450172044324ECABEE9ACFA4EFB59" box="[151,1436,1159,1181]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
5. Pronotum with large yellow spot on lateral margin, posterad of eyes......................
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E588A12044324ECEABE9ACFA4EFB59" ID-CoL="3BYVT" authority="(Sakakibara, 1968)" authorityName="Sakakibara" authorityYear="1968" baseAuthorityName="Sakakibara" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[1154,1436,1159,1181]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Eucyphonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globigera">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302044324ECEABE9ACFB0DFB59" box="[1154,1247,1159,1181]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">globigera</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="26748ED32044324ECEC5E9ACFA46FB59" author="Sakakibara, A. M." box="[1260,1428,1159,1181]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495" pagination="417 - 476" refId="ref4292" refString="Sakakibara, A. M. (1968) Revisao das especies do genero Cyphonia Laporte (Homoptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae). Studia Entomologica, 11 (1 - 4), 417 - 476." type="journal article" year="1968">Sakakibara, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222044324ECABEE98FFA49FB7E" blockId="1.[151,1436,865,1474]" box="[151,1435,1188,1210]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<keyLead id="F91450172044324ECABEE98FFA49FB7E" box="[151,1435,1188,1210]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">5’. Pronotum with several small spots........................................................................ 6</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</keyStep>
|
||||
<keyStep id="F911EB872044324ECABEE9EAFA49FAD6" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222044324ECABEE9EAFA4EFB31" blockId="1.[151,1436,865,1474]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<keyLead id="F91450172044324ECABEE9EAFA4EFB31" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
6. Pronotum with four yellow spots, two on each side behind supra-humeral processes; vertex with medium sized yellow spot.......................................................................................
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302044324ECEC8E9F4FAF7FB31" box="[1249,1317,1247,1269]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">nasalis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Stål, 1862)
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222044324ECABEE9D7FA49FAD6" blockId="1.[151,1436,865,1474]" box="[151,1435,1276,1298]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<keyLead id="F91450172044324ECABEE9D7FA49FAD6" box="[151,1435,1276,1298]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">6’. Pronotum with more than four yellow spots................................................................. 7</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</keyStep>
|
||||
<keyStep id="F911EB872044324ECABEE831FA49FA89" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222044324ECABEE831FA4EFAEB" blockId="1.[151,1436,865,1474]" box="[151,1436,1305,1327]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<keyLead id="F91450172044324ECABEE831FA4EFAEB" box="[151,1436,1305,1327]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
7. Lateral branches of posterior process with anterior yellow spot.............................
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E588A12044324ECEBEE832FA4EFAEB" ID-CoL="3BYVW" authority="(Sakakibara, 1968)" authorityName="Sakakibara" authorityYear="1968" baseAuthorityName="Sakakibara" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[1175,1436,1305,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Eucyphonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seabrai">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302044324ECEBEE832FB0DFAEB" box="[1175,1247,1305,1327]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">seabrai</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="26748ED32044324ECEC5E832FA46FAEB" author="Sakakibara, A. M." box="[1260,1428,1305,1327]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495" pagination="417 - 476" refId="ref4292" refString="Sakakibara, A. M. (1968) Revisao das especies do genero Cyphonia Laporte (Homoptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae). Studia Entomologica, 11 (1 - 4), 417 - 476." type="journal article" year="1968">Sakakibara, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222044324ECABEE81CFA49FA89" blockId="1.[151,1436,865,1474]" box="[151,1435,1335,1357]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<keyLead id="F91450172044324ECABEE81CFA49FA89" box="[151,1435,1335,1357]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">7’. Lateral branches of posterior process without yellow spots..................................................... 8</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</keyStep>
|
||||
<keyStep id="F911EB872044324ECABEE87FFA4EFA06" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222044324ECABEE87FFA4EFA43" blockId="1.[151,1436,865,1474]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<keyLead id="F91450172044324ECABEE87FFA4EFA43" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
8. Pronotum with two anterior spots, two at each side behind supra-humeral processes and dorsal one between supra-humeral processes; vertex with yellow spots on middle and lower edges............................
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302044324ECEA5E85AFB20FA43" box="[1164,1266,1393,1415]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">furcispina</emphasis>
|
||||
(Lethierry, 1890)
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425AF3222044324ECABEE8A4FA4EFA06" blockId="1.[151,1436,865,1474]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
<keyLead id="F91450172044324ECABEE8A4FA4EFA06" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">
|
||||
8’. Pronotum with spot at base of supra-humeral processes, one behind eyes extending over humeral angles, one behind each humeral processes and one at corner of lateral margin, vertex with inferior borders yellow........
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E588A12044324ECEB0E886FA4EFA06" ID-CoL="6H6N8" authority="(Sakakibara, 1968)" authorityName="Sakakibara" authorityYear="1968" baseAuthorityName="Sakakibara" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[1177,1436,1452,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Eucyphonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mourei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="70912F302044324ECEB0E886FB32FA06" box="[1177,1248,1453,1474]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="495">mourei</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="26748ED32044324ECEC5E887FA47FA06" author="Sakakibara, A. M." box="[1260,1429,1452,1474]" pageId="1" pageNumber="495" pagination="417 - 476" refId="ref4292" refString="Sakakibara, A. M. (1968) Revisao das especies do genero Cyphonia Laporte (Homoptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae). Studia Entomologica, 11 (1 - 4), 417 - 476." type="journal article" year="1968">Sakakibara, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</keyLead>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</keyStep>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
107
data/CA/4C/9F/CA4C9F41FCA6C9887F2522B83934DE05.xml
Normal file
107
data/CA/4C/9F/CA4C9F41FCA6C9887F2522B83934DE05.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Annotated type catalogue of the Orthalicoidea (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Royal Belgian Institute of Sciences, Brussels, with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||||
<mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart>Breure, Abraham S. H.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part>
|
||||
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
|
||||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number>101</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end>50</mods:end>
|
||||
</mods:extent>
|
||||
</mods:part>
|
||||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||||
<mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.101.1133</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.101.1133</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-101-1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152029442" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA4C9F41FCA6C9887F2522B83934DE05" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA4C9F41FCA6C9887F2522B83934DE05" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Thaumastus_juana" authority="Cousin, 1887" authorityName="Cousin" authorityYear="1887" class="Gastropoda" family="Megaspiridae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thaumastus juana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="juana">Thaumastus juana Cousin, 1887</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Figs 10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 10ii
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Megaspiridae" genus="Thaumastus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thaumastus juana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="juana">Thaumastus juana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Cousin, A" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="187 - 287" title="Faune malacologique de la republique de l'Equateur." volume="12" year="1887">Cousin 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: 228, pl. 4 fig. 10.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Peronaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peronaeus (Lissoacme) juana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="juana" subGenus="Lissoacme">Peronaeus (Lissoacme) juana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Cousin); Breure 1975: 1141, pl. 6 fig. 5.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="type locality">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
[Ecuador, Prov. Azuay] "Gualacco [sic, Gualaceo], province de
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cuença”">Cuenca"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="label">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Label.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
"chemin
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||||
Gualacco, rives du Paute, avant le pont", in
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cousin’s">Cousin's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
handwriting.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="dimensions">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Dimensions.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
"long., 20
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||||
23 mm; diam. 10
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
|
||||
12 mm"; figured specimen H 19.1, D 8.76, W 7.7.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="type material">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">RBINS/MT2357, seven paralectotypes, Cousin leg. (Dautzenberg coll.).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
The lectotype is in the MNHN collection (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Breure, ASH" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle Paris (3) 331, Zoologie" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1137 - 1187" title="Types of Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris." volume="233" year="1975 b">Breure 1975b</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). According to the inventory of
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cousin’s">Cousin's</normalizedToken>
|
||||
collection, there were originally 35 specimens present.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="current systematic position">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Current systematic position.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Bulimulidae" lsidName="" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="family">Bulimulidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Bulimulidae" genus="Bostryx" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bostryx juana" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="juana">Bostryx juana</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Cousin, 1887).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
169
data/CA/4C/A6/CA4CA666FFF89C39FAEFFEE779C9F6BD.xml
Normal file
169
data/CA/4C/A6/CA4CA666FFF89C39FAEFFEE779C9F6BD.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
|
|||
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<mods:namePart id="C593E8321888E4B4203406EBEB676A5F">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<figureCitation id="DADE0BF5FFF89C39FAEFFEE7793CFE98" box="[1344,1399,290,328]" captionStart="Plate 18: Tarsiidae" captionStartId="2.[70,100,3393,3418]" captionTargetBox="[14,2698,15,3629]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Western Tarsier (Cephalopachus bancanus), 2. Philippine Tarsier (Carlito syrichta), 3. Selayar Tarsier (Tarsius tarsier), 4. Makassar Tarsier (Tarsius fuscus), 5. Dian’s Tarsier (Tarsius dentatus), 6. Peleng Tarsier (Tarsius pelengensis), 7. Great Sangihe Tarsier (Tarsius sangirensis), 8. Siau Island Tarsier (Tarsius tumpara), 9. Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier (Tarsius pumalus), 10. Lariang Tarsier (Tarsius lariang), 11. Wallace’s Tarsier (Tarsius wallacei)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631929/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">11.</figureCitation>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
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|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FA2AFEE77AABFE98" box="[1413,1760,290,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FA2AFEE77AABFE98" blockId="6.[1339,2241,289,369]" box="[1413,1760,290,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFF89C39FA2AFEE77AABFE98" box="[1413,1760,290,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFF89C39FA2AFEE77AABFE98" box="[1413,1760,290,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Wallace’s Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39F8B7FEE7740AFE98" box="[1816,2113,290,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39F8B7FEE7740AFE98" blockId="6.[1339,2241,289,369]" box="[1816,2113,290,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFF89C39F8B7FEE7740AFE98" box="[1816,2113,290,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFF89C39F8B7FEE7740AFE98" ID-CoL="54XZM" authorityName="Merker, Driller, Dahruddin, Wirdateti, Sinaga, Perwitasari-Farajallah & Shekelle" authorityYear="2010" box="[1816,2113,290,328]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wallacei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39F8B7FEE7740AFE98" box="[1816,2113,290,328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Tarsius wallacei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FA92FE9F748BFEBF" box="[1341,2240,346,367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FA92FE9F748BFEBF" blockId="6.[1339,2241,289,369]" box="[1341,2240,346,367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFF89C39FA92FE9F748BFEBF" box="[1341,2240,346,367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FA92FE9F79C1FEBF" bold="true" box="[1341,1418,346,367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">French:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFF89C39FA3DFE9F7A03FEBF" box="[1426,1608,346,367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Tarsier de Wallace</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39F9F2FE9F7AF3FEBF" bold="true" box="[1629,1720,346,367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">German:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFF89C39F96FFE9F7BC2FEBF" box="[1728,1929,346,367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">\Wallace-Koboldmaki</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39F830FE9F7BB1FEBF" bold="true" box="[1951,2042,346,367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFF89C39F7ADFE9F748BFEBF" box="[2050,2240,346,367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Tarsero de Wallace</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39F80BFE607BA5FE35" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39F80BFE607BA5FE35" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39F80BFE607474FE6E" bold="true" box="[1956,2111,421,446]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFF89C39F7FBFE607BA2FE35" ID-CoL="54XZM" authorityName="Merker, Driller, Dahruddin, Wirdateti, Sinaga, Perwitasari-Farajallah & Shekelle" authorityYear="2010" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wallacei">Tarsius wallacei: Merker et al., 2010</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39F853FE0D7BB9FDDB" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39F853FE0D7BB9FDDB" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="F28D1D2DFFF89C39F853FE0D7BB9FDDB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805310303" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Uwemanje, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39F80BFDD37417FC6C" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39F80BFDD37417FC6C" lastBlockId="6.[1336,2543,845,2413]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
There are two separate forms of 7. wallacei, the “Tinombo acoustic form” (northern) and the “Uwemanje acoustic form” southern). They differ in body size but are alike in color, dimensions of the tail tuft, vocalizations, and genetic composition. The two forms are separated by the Palu Bay, the city of Palu, and the southern parts of the Isthmus of Palu, an area now inhabited by the parapatric species
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFF89C39F634FC887937FC45" baseAuthorityName="G. S. Miller & Hollister" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentatus">T. dentatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In the north, it borders the yet undescribed form known as the “Sejoli acoustic form,” and in the south it borders
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFF89C39F88CFC5E7BFBFC6C" baseAuthorityName="G. S. Miller & Hollister" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[1827,1968,923,956]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentatus">T. dentatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Monotypic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FA94FC0275ADFB52" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="distribution">
|
||||
<caption id="169A47F8FFF89C39FA94FC0275ADFB52" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631925" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6631925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631925/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" targetBox="[1343,1924,422,829]" targetPageId="6">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FA94FC0275ADFB52" blockId="6.[1336,2543,845,2413]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FA94FC0279A0FC34" bold="true" box="[1339,1515,967,996]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
NW Sulawesi (discontinuous range in Central Sulawesi Province), the N form occurs on the Isthmus of Palu from just W of the village of Tomini to the NE (c.120° 30° E), the coastlines of the Isthmus of Palu to the E and to the W,to the villages of Ampibabo and Marantale in the S (c.0° 30” S), the S form occurs in a very small area W to SW of Palu, around the type locality Uwemanje (0° 58’ S, 119° 50’ E).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FA94FB4D745BF989" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FA94FB4D745BF989" blockId="6.[1336,2543,845,2413]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FA94FB4D7A71FB79" bold="true" box="[1339,1594,1160,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||||
Head-body 11.3-12.4 cm, tail 23.6-26.6 cm; weight 100-124 ¢ (males) and 84-116 g (females). Male Wallace's Tarsiers are a little larger than females. The ventrum is off-white, but the pelage is otherwise mottled yellowish brown. Mottling is due to a gray undercoat and scattered patches of light-gray to black hair tips. It has a conspicuous copper-colored throat. There are distinct yellow to copper-colored patches above and below the eyes; in most specimens, they form nearly complete eyerings (a trait that it shares with some specimens of the Lariang Tarsier, 7.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFF89C39F695FABD75D0FA45" box="[2362,2459,1400,1429]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lariang">lariang</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). The paralabial pale zone varies in size and whiteness. As is found in other Central Sulawesi species, Wallace’s Tarsier has a dark tail with a thick and long tail tuft. In the field,it can be distinguished by its duet song, its yellow-brown pelage, and the copper-colored throat. Genetic analyses have shown that Y-chromosomal and mtDNA sequences and also microsatellite allelic frequencies are diagnostic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FA95F9A57A3DF926" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FA95F9A57A3DF926" blockId="6.[1336,2543,845,2413]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FA95F9A579E2F951" bold="true" box="[1338,1449,1632,1665]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||||
Primary, secondary, and degraded forest. Wallace’s Tarsiers occur near the city of Tinombo, north of the Isthmus of Palu, and they have been found in heavily degraded forest and areas of recently cleared agricultural land, with mixed agroforestry and secondary habitat.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FA95F9387564F8CE" box="[1338,2351,1789,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="food_feeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FA95F9387564F8CE" blockId="6.[1336,2543,845,2413]" box="[1338,2351,1789,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FA95F9387A75F8CE" bold="true" box="[1338,1598,1789,1822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
Wallace's Tarsier eats live animal prey, mainly insects.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FA95F8E17436F895" box="[1338,2173,1828,1861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="breeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FA95F8E17436F895" blockId="6.[1336,2543,845,2413]" box="[1338,2173,1828,1861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FA95F8E1798BF895" bold="true" box="[1338,1472,1828,1861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FA97F8897ACCF844" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="activity">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FA97F8897ACCF844" blockId="6.[1336,2543,845,2413]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FA97F8897A6DF8BD" bold="true" box="[1336,1574,1868,1901]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no specific information available for this species, butit is nocturnal and arboreal.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FA96F85F7A46F832" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FA96F85F7A46F832" blockId="6.[1336,2543,845,2413]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FA96F85F7BB4F86B" bold="true" box="[1337,2047,1946,1979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FA95F82C7465F6CE" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FA95F82C7465F6CE" blockId="6.[1336,2543,845,2413]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FA95F82C7AE8F7DA" bold="true" box="[1338,1699,2025,2058]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red Lust. Forests in the range of the northern populations of Wallace’s Tarsier are mostly degraded and mountainous; the extent of their distribution is estimated at 3150 km®. The range of the southern population is tiny, estimated at ¢.50 km?. The threatened category proposed at the time ofits first description was Endangered due to the widespread loss of habitat and the fragmented and reduced populations that remain. Clearly, more research is needed to clarify the conservation status of Wallace’s Tarsier. It occurs in the Gunung Sojol Nature Reserve.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FA95F6E879C9F6BD" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FA95F6E879C9F6BD" blockId="6.[1336,2543,845,2413]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FA95F6E87998F696" bold="true" box="[1338,1491,2349,2374]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||||
Merker (2008), Merker et al. (2010), Shekelle (2008b), Shekelle et al. (1997), Supriatna et al. (2001).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
168
data/CA/4C/A6/CA4CA666FFFA9C3AFA93F351796CF808.xml
Normal file
168
data/CA/4C/A6/CA4CA666FFFA9C3AFA93F351796CF808.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
|
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<mods:titleInfo id="B5A5E4409C9B3CE1DB5A08F92974DAF1">
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<mods:title id="D8137026169896D5A10F1DFF31D0E6A1">Tarsiidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="375F6D12A9437865EA20CD4AD1B13502">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3A6F05F656079214F6A464CAE5094C53">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A21E14686FCF249C5D513FEE2209A696">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<figureCitation id="DADE0BF5FFFA9C3BFA93F3517910F312" box="[1340,1371,3220,3266]" captionStart="Plate 18: Tarsiidae" captionStartId="2.[70,100,3393,3418]" captionTargetBox="[14,2698,15,3629]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Western Tarsier (Cephalopachus bancanus), 2. Philippine Tarsier (Carlito syrichta), 3. Selayar Tarsier (Tarsius tarsier), 4. Makassar Tarsier (Tarsius fuscus), 5. Dian’s Tarsier (Tarsius dentatus), 6. Peleng Tarsier (Tarsius pelengensis), 7. Great Sangihe Tarsier (Tarsius sangirensis), 8. Siau Island Tarsier (Tarsius tumpara), 9. Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier (Tarsius pumalus), 10. Lariang Tarsier (Tarsius lariang), 11. Wallace’s Tarsier (Tarsius wallacei)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631929/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">7.</figureCitation>
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||||
</heading>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFAC2F3517B7BF312" box="[1389,1840,3220,3266]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFAC2F3517B7BF312" blockId="4.[1337,2248,3220,3346]" box="[1389,1840,3220,3266]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFA9C3BFAC2F3517B7BF312" box="[1389,1840,3220,3266]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFA9C3BFAC2F3517B7BF312" box="[1389,1840,3220,3266]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Great Sangihe Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BF8D7F351748CF312" box="[1912,2247,3220,3266]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BF8D7F351748CF312" blockId="4.[1337,2248,3220,3346]" box="[1912,2247,3220,3266]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFA9C3BF8D7F351748CF312" box="[1912,2247,3220,3266]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFA9C3BF8D7F351748CF312" ID-CoL="7BLTM" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1897" box="[1912,2247,3220,3266]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sangirensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BF8D7F351748CF312" box="[1912,2247,3220,3266]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Tarsius sangirensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFA95F3167BFCF2DF" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFA95F31674E1F338" blockId="4.[1337,2248,3220,3346]" box="[1338,2218,3283,3304]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFA9C3BFA95F31674E1F338" box="[1338,2218,3283,3304]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFA95F31679CCF338" bold="true" box="[1338,1415,3283,3304]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">French:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFA9C3BFA20F3167A0AF338" box="[1423,1601,3283,3304]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Tarsier des Sangir</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BF9FAF3167AFAF338" bold="true" box="[1621,1713,3283,3304]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">German:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFA9C3BF915F3167BCFF338" box="[1722,1924,3283,3304]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Sangihe-Koboldmaki</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BF836F3167BBFF338" bold="true" box="[1945,2036,3283,3304]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFA9C3BF853F31674E1F338" box="[2044,2218,3283,3304]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Tarsero de Sangir</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFA95F33F7BFCF2DF" blockId="4.[1337,2248,3220,3346]" box="[1338,1975,3322,3343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFA9C3BFA95F33F7BFCF2DF" box="[1338,1975,3322,3343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFA95F33F7A7BF2DF" bold="true" box="[1338,1584,3322,3343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFA9C3BF995F33F7B59F2DF" box="[1594,1810,3322,3343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Sangihe Island Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFA9C3BF88FF33F7BFCF2DF" box="[1824,1975,3322,3343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Sangihe Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFA96F2877BCCF28F" box="[1337,1927,3394,3423]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFA96F2877BCCF28F" blockId="4.[1336,2480,3394,3468]" box="[1337,1927,3394,3423]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFA96F287799FF28F" bold="true" box="[1337,1492,3394,3423]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFA9C3BFA4BF2877BC9F28F" ID-CoL="7BLTM" authority="Meyer, 1897" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1897" box="[1508,1922,3394,3423]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sangirensis">Tarsius sangirensis Meyer, 1897</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BF83CF2877AE9F255" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BF83CF2877AE9F255" blockId="4.[1336,2480,3394,3468]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="F28D1D2DFFFA9C3BF83CF2877AE9F255" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805310307" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Indonesia, Sanghir (= Sangihe) Island. This species is monotypic.</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFCB5FEE57F26FE61" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="distribution">
|
||||
<caption id="169A47F8FFFB9C3AFCB5FEE57F26FE61" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631913" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6631913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631913/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" targetBox="[181,761,296,702]" targetPageId="5">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFCB5FEE57F26FE61" blockId="5.[793,1379,288,710]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFCB5FEE57F82FEED" bold="true" box="[794,969,288,317]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
Sangir I (= Great Sangihe, Sangihe Besar) ¢.200 km N of Sulawesi;it may occur on otherislands in the Sangihe chain.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFCB6FE7C7DDDFC0A" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFCB6FE7C7DDDFC0A" blockId="5.[793,1379,288,710]" lastBlockId="5.[175,1383,724,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFCB6FE7C7850FE0A" bold="true" box="[793,1051,441,474]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||||
Head-body c.15 cm, tail ¢.29.4-31 cm; weight ¢.150 g (males) and c.143 g (females). The Great Sangihe Tarsier differs from other eastern tarsiers in being rather bigger, with a broader skull. Fur is notably finer (i.e. less woolly) than in Sulawesi species and is less mottled dorsally. The Greati Tarsier is a rich golden-brown, and has a white undercoat. The gray above and lateral to the eyes is bordered by a faint brown line that dips downward between the brows forming a “V” at the root of the nose. The hair around the mouth is whitish, the tail tuft is short and sparse and the tarsal hair is sparse and inconspicuous. The skull is a little smaller than that of the Siau Island Tarsier but wider across the orbits. The Great Sangihe Tarsier has a morning duet call with a diagnostic two-note phrase.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFF1EFC25791FFBD1" box="[177,1364,992,1025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFF1EFC25791FFBD1" blockId="5.[175,1383,724,2008]" box="[177,1364,992,1025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFF1EFC257D54FBD1" bold="true" box="[177,287,992,1025]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||||
Secondary forest, sage swamps, scrub, and nutmeg and coconut plantations.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFF1EFBC27E54FB9F" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="food_feeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFF1EFBC27E54FB9F" blockId="5.[175,1383,724,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFF1EFBC27DFCFBF8" bold="true" box="[177,439,1031,1064]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
The Great Sangihe Tarsier eats mainly large arthropods and small vertebrates such as lizards.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFF1EFB937FBFFBA7" box="[177,1012,1110,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="breeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFF1EFB937FBFFBA7" blockId="5.[175,1383,724,2008]" box="[177,1012,1110,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFF1EFB937D7CFBA7" bold="true" box="[177,311,1110,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFF00FBB87DE2FAEB" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="activity">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFF00FBB87DE2FAEB" blockId="5.[175,1383,724,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFF00FBB87DD3FB4E" bold="true" box="[175,408,1149,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||||
The Great Sangihe Tarsier is nocturnal and arboreal. Unlike all other tarsiers, individuals sleep on exposed bamboo, in the tops of palm leaves, or tops of trees. This is almost surely the result of habitat destruction and human disturbance, as Sangihe Island tarsiers will sleep in sites more typical of other eastern tarsiers when they are available.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFF1EFA877E53FA62" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFF1EFA877E53FA62" blockId="5.[175,1383,724,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFF1EFA877F34FAB3" bold="true" box="[177,895,1346,1379]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no specific information available for this species, except that it lives in small monogamous or polygamous groups of 2-6 individuals.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFF1DFA7D7DC4F85A" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFF1DFA7D7DC4F85A" blockId="5.[175,1383,724,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFF1DFA7D7E5BFA09" bold="true" box="[178,528,1464,1497]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The distribution of the Great Sangihe Tarsieris only ¢.576 km? and it has been protected under Indonesian law since 1931. The original habitat on Sangir Island has been lost, degraded, and fragmented. Primary and late succession secondary forest today is limited to a 940ha patch on Mount Sahendaruman, which has been designated “hutan lindung.” This translates deceptively as “protected forest,” but hutan lindung is in fact more of a “green belt.” The island is composed of two volcanoes, at least one of which is active, providing an additional threat. When classified as Endangered,it was believed to occur on Siau Island, but the tarsiers there have since been found to be a distinct taxon, the Siau Island Tarsier (7.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFB9C3AFCE6F8DF7FF0F8EB" box="[841,955,1818,1851]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumpara">tumpara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). As such, it may be necessary to change their conservation status to Critically Endangered. It does not occur in any protected areas.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFF1DF85D796CF808" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFF1DF85D796CF808" blockId="5.[175,1383,724,2008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFF1DF85D7D07F861" bold="true" box="[178,332,1944,1969]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||||
Groves (2001), Gursky et al. (2008), Riley (2002), Shekelle & Salim (2009a), Shekelle, Groves, Gursky et al. (2008), Shekelle, Morales et al. (2008), Shekelle, Mukti et al. (1997), Supriatna et al. (2001).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
171
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Normal file
171
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|
|
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<figureCitation id="DADE0BF5FFFA9C3BFA92F9537917F914" box="[1341,1372,1686,1732]" captionStart="Plate 18: Tarsiidae" captionStartId="2.[70,100,3393,3418]" captionTargetBox="[14,2698,15,3629]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Western Tarsier (Cephalopachus bancanus), 2. Philippine Tarsier (Carlito syrichta), 3. Selayar Tarsier (Tarsius tarsier), 4. Makassar Tarsier (Tarsius fuscus), 5. Dian’s Tarsier (Tarsius dentatus), 6. Peleng Tarsier (Tarsius pelengensis), 7. Great Sangihe Tarsier (Tarsius sangirensis), 8. Siau Island Tarsier (Tarsius tumpara), 9. Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier (Tarsius pumalus), 10. Lariang Tarsier (Tarsius lariang), 11. Wallace’s Tarsier (Tarsius wallacei)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631929/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">6.</figureCitation>
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||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFAC1F9537AD3F914" box="[1390,1688,1686,1732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFAC1F9537AD3F914" blockId="4.[1338,2211,1686,1812]" box="[1390,1688,1686,1732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFA9C3BFAC1F9537AD3F914" box="[1390,1688,1686,1732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFA9C3BFAC1F9537AD3F914" box="[1390,1688,1686,1732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Peleng Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BF94FF9537465F914" box="[1760,2094,1686,1732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BF94FF9537465F914" blockId="4.[1338,2211,1686,1812]" box="[1760,2094,1686,1732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFA9C3BF94FF9537465F914" box="[1760,2094,1686,1732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFA9C3BF94FF9537465F914" ID-CoL="54XZC" baseAuthorityName="Sody" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[1760,2094,1686,1732]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelengensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BF94FF9537465F914" box="[1760,2094,1686,1732]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Tarsius pelengensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFA93F9137B42F8C3" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFA93F91374E9F93B" blockId="4.[1338,2211,1686,1812]" box="[1340,2210,1750,1771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFA9C3BFA93F91374E9F93B" box="[1340,2210,1750,1771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFA93F91379C2F93B" bold="true" box="[1340,1417,1750,1771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">French:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFA9C3BFA3EF9137A76F93B" box="[1425,1597,1750,1771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Tarsier de Peleng</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BF9FDF9137AE6F93B" bold="true" box="[1618,1709,1750,1771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">German:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFA9C3BF918F9137B3EF93B" box="[1719,1909,1750,1771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Peleng-Koboldmaki</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BF824F9137BADF93B" bold="true" box="[1931,2022,1750,1771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFA9C3BF841F91374E9F93B" box="[2030,2210,1750,1771]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Tarsero de Peleng</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFA94F93B7B42F8C3" blockId="4.[1338,2211,1686,1812]" box="[1339,1801,1790,1811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFA9C3BFA94F93B7B42F8C3" box="[1339,1801,1790,1811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFA94F93B7A79F8C3" bold="true" box="[1339,1586,1790,1811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFA9C3BF993F93B7B42F8C3" box="[1596,1801,1790,1811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Peleng Island Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BF80CF8807BA6F859" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BF80CF8807BA6F859" blockId="4.[1954,2543,1861,2283]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BF80CF8807475F8B2" bold="true" box="[1955,2110,1861,1890]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFA9C3BF7FEF8807BA3F859" ID-CoL="54XZC" authorityName="Sody" authorityYear="1949" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fuscus" subSpecies="pelengensis">Tarsius fuscus pelengensis Sody, 1949</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BF856F8B57512F859" box="[2041,2393,1904,1929]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BF856F8B57512F859" blockId="4.[1954,2543,1861,2283]" box="[2041,2393,1904,1929]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="F28D1D2DFFFA9C3BF856F8B57512F859" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805310305" box="[2041,2393,1904,1929]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Indonesia, Peleng Island.</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BF80BF84A74CAF7A5" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BF80BF84A74CAF7A5" blockId="4.[1954,2543,1861,2283]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
This species appears to be morphologically distinct, while acoustically it shows many superficial similarities with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFA9C3BF63BF8267BA8F7F7" baseAuthorityName="G. S. Miller & Hollister" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentatus">T. dentatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and might be closely related to it. Acoustics, although similar, are distinctive. Monotypic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BF80CF74574BFF6C2" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="distribution">
|
||||
<caption id="169A47F8FFFA9C3BF80CF74574BFF6C2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631911" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6631911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631911/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" targetBox="[1342,1923,1867,2273]" targetPageId="4">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BF80CF74574BFF6C2" blockId="4.[1954,2543,1861,2283]" lastBlockId="4.[1337,2543,2293,3148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BF80CF7457419F74D" bold="true" box="[1955,2130,2176,2205]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
Peleng I, off the coast of the E peninsula of Sulawesi; there are unconfirmed reports of tarsiers occurring on other islands in the Banggai Archipelago, which may be this species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFA94F6DD7A0EF606" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFA94F6DD7A0EF606" blockId="4.[1337,2543,2293,3148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFA94F6DD7A7FF6E9" bold="true" box="[1339,1588,2328,2361]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||||
Head-body 12-14 cm,tail 25-27 cm. No specific data are available for body weight. The Peleng Tarsier is known morphologically from museum specimens only, it is a relatively large form with a dark brown coat and contrasting creamytipped thighs. There is a vague black nose spot. The tail is long and thinly furred along c.40% ofits length.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFA94F6247A46F5F5" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFA94F6247A46F5F5" blockId="4.[1337,2543,2293,3148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFA94F62479E2F62E" bold="true" box="[1339,1449,2529,2558]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||||
Primary and secondary lowland rainforest and mangrove forest to 520 m above sea level.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFA95F5F5746AF5A3" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="food_feeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFA95F5F5746AF5A3" blockId="4.[1337,2543,2293,3148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFA95F5F57A0AF59D" bold="true" box="[1338,1601,2608,2637]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
The Peleng Tarsier is presumed to eat mainly moths and crickets, along with small vertebrates such as frogs and lizards.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFA95F5BC7436F54A" box="[1338,2173,2681,2714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="breeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFA95F5BC7436F54A" blockId="4.[1337,2543,2293,3148]" box="[1338,2173,2681,2714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFA95F5BC798BF54A" bold="true" box="[1338,1472,2681,2714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFA96F5647ACCF539" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="activity">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFA96F5647ACCF539" blockId="4.[1337,2543,2293,3148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFA96F5647A6DF512" bold="true" box="[1337,1574,2721,2754]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no specific information available for this species, butitis nocturnal and arboreal.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFA95F53174A8F48F" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFA95F53174A8F48F" blockId="4.[1337,2543,2293,3148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFA95F5317BBDF4C1" bold="true" box="[1338,2038,2804,2833]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||||
The Peleng Tarsier has never been studied in the wild, but it probably lives in small monogamous or polygamous groups of 2-6 individuals. The home range is believed to be less than 1 ha.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFA94F4AF757BF3F4" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFA94F4AF757BF3F4" blockId="4.[1337,2543,2293,3148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFA94F4AF7AD2F457" bold="true" box="[1339,1689,2922,2951]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The distribution of the Peleng Tarsier covers ¢.1925 km?, butits area of occupancy is considerably less than that. It is greatly threatened by loss of habitat. Less than 10% of the island has suitable habitat for tarsiers, and it may be necessary to reassess their conservation status. There are no protected areas on Pulau Peleng.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFA94F3F675A2F39C" box="[1339,2537,3123,3148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFA94F3F675A2F39C" blockId="4.[1337,2543,2293,3148]" box="[1339,2537,3123,3148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFA94F3F6799AF39C" bold="true" box="[1339,1489,3123,3148]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||||
Groves (2001), Gursky (1998a), Gursky et al. (2008), Shekelle et al. (1997), Supriatna et al. (2001).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
167
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167
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<mods:namePart id="583AAFD44C67FEA1144ACAE6C7F07660">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<figureCitation id="DADE0BF5FFFA9C3BFFECF8117C28F82E" box="[67,99,2004,2046]" captionStart="Plate 18: Tarsiidae" captionStartId="2.[70,100,3393,3418]" captionTargetBox="[14,2698,15,3629]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Western Tarsier (Cephalopachus bancanus), 2. Philippine Tarsier (Carlito syrichta), 3. Selayar Tarsier (Tarsius tarsier), 4. Makassar Tarsier (Tarsius fuscus), 5. Dian’s Tarsier (Tarsius dentatus), 6. Peleng Tarsier (Tarsius pelengensis), 7. Great Sangihe Tarsier (Tarsius sangirensis), 8. Siau Island Tarsier (Tarsius tumpara), 9. Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier (Tarsius pumalus), 10. Lariang Tarsier (Tarsius lariang), 11. Wallace’s Tarsier (Tarsius wallacei)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631929/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">5.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
|
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFFDBF8117DDAF82E" box="[116,401,2004,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFFDBF8117DDAF82E" blockId="4.[65,877,2004,2124]" box="[116,401,2004,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFA9C3BFFDBF8117DDAF82E" box="[116,401,2004,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFA9C3BFFDBF8117DDAF82E" box="[116,401,2004,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Dian’s Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFE66F8117EB6F82E" box="[457,765,2004,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFE66F8117EB6F82E" blockId="4.[65,877,2004,2124]" box="[457,765,2004,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFA9C3BFE66F8117EB6F82E" box="[457,765,2004,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFA9C3BFE66F8117EB6F82E" ID-CoL="54XZ7" baseAuthorityName="G. S. Miller & Hollister" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[457,765,2004,2046]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFE66F8117EB6F82E" box="[457,765,2004,2046]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Tarsius dentatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFFEDF7D57D89F79C" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFFEDF7D57F27F7F5" blockId="4.[65,877,2004,2124]" box="[66,876,2064,2085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFA9C3BFFEDF7D57F27F7F5" box="[66,876,2064,2085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFFEDF7D57CC4F7F5" bold="true" box="[66,143,2064,2085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">French:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFA9C3BFF38F7D57D60F7F5" box="[151,299,2064,2085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Tarsier de Dian</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFEEEF7D57DD0F7F5" bold="true" box="[321,411,2064,2085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">German:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFA9C3BFE09F7D57E1CF7F5" box="[422,599,2064,2085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Diana-Koboldmaki</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFDC2F7D57E8CF7F5" bold="true" box="[621,711,2064,2085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFA9C3BFD7FF7D57F27F7F5" box="[720,876,2064,2085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Tarsero de Dian</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFFEDF7F27D89F79C" blockId="4.[65,877,2004,2124]" box="[66,450,2103,2124]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFA9C3BFFEDF7F27D89F79C" box="[66,450,2103,2124]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFFEDF7F27D73F79C" bold="true" box="[66,312,2103,2124]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFA9C3BFEEDF7F27D89F79C" box="[322,450,2103,2124]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Diana Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFD05F7BB7FBCF713" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFD05F7BB7FBCF713" blockId="4.[682,1268,2174,2596]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFD05F7BB7F0EF74B" bold="true" box="[682,837,2174,2203]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFA9C3BFCF1F7BB7FB9F713" ID-CoL="54XZ7" authorityName="G. S. Miller & Hollister" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fuscus" subSpecies="dentatus">Tarsius fuscus dentatus G. S. Miller & Hollister, 1921</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFBADF763781CF73A" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFBADF763781CF73A" blockId="4.[682,1268,2174,2596]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="F28D1D2DFFFA9C3BFBADF763781CF73A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805310308" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Indonesia, Labua Sore, north of Parigi, Sulawesi.</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFD05F731785FF6C1" box="[682,1044,2292,2321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFD05F731785FF6C1" blockId="4.[682,1268,2174,2596]" box="[682,1044,2292,2321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFD05F6D27EFAF59B" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="distribution">
|
||||
<caption id="169A47F8FFFA9C3BFD05F6D27EFAF59B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631909" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6631909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631909/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" targetBox="[68,650,2180,2587]" targetPageId="4">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFD05F6D27EFAF59B" blockId="4.[682,1268,2174,2596]" lastBlockId="4.[64,1270,2602,3460]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFD05F6D27F11F6E8" bold="true" box="[682,858,2327,2360]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
E portion of the central core of Sulawesi to the tip of the E peninsula, the N boundary is the Isthmus of Palu (between Marantale, Ampibabo & Tomini Bay), the S boundary from Lore Lindu National Park to the E coast is unknown, but the W boundary appears to extend at least to the Palu River and S as far as Gimpu.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFFEEF5977FD0F4C0" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFFEEF5977FD0F4C0" blockId="4.[64,1270,2602,3460]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFFEEF5977D72F5A3" bold="true" box="[65,313,2642,2675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||||
Head-body c.11-8 cm, tail 25-27 cm; weight 104-135 g (males) and 95-110 g (females). Dian’s Tarsier tends to be slightly larger than tarsiers found elsewhere on Sulawesi. The body is grayish-buff, usually with a black spot on both sides of the nose. There are white hairs around the mouth and naked patches at the base of each ear. Skin of the hands, feet, and tail is noticeably darker.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFFEEF4DF7E5DF404" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFFEEF4DF7E5DF404" blockId="4.[64,1270,2602,3460]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFFEEF4DF7CFBF4E7" bold="true" box="[65,176,2842,2871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||||
Primary and secondary lowland rainforest, mangrove forest, forest gardens, and other habitats providing adequate shrubby cover. Dian’s Tarsier occurs in Lore Lindu National Park, but although some of the lowland forest there is still preserved, itis relatively limited; c¢.70% of the Park is hilly and montane at 1000-1500 m above sea level, with 3100 mm rainfall/year.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFFEEF41A7E9AF3F3" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="food_feeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFFEEF41A7E9AF3F3" blockId="4.[64,1270,2602,3460]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFFEEF41A7D0EF42C" bold="true" box="[65,325,3039,3068]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
Dian’s Tarsier eats mainly insects such as moths and crickets, along with small vertebrates such as frogs and lizards.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFFEEF3E87FCEF39A" box="[65,901,3117,3146]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="breeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFFEEF3E87FCEF39A" blockId="4.[64,1270,2602,3460]" box="[65,901,3117,3146]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFFEEF3E87C8CF39A" bold="true" box="[65,199,3117,3146]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFFEFF3957E42F2E5" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="activity">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFFEFF3957E42F2E5" blockId="4.[64,1270,2602,3460]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFFEFF3957D60F3A1" bold="true" box="[64,299,3152,3185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||||
Dian’s Tarsier is nocturnal and arboreal. It prefers dense vegetation or tree cavities for sleeping. Normally only one sleeping site and two or three alternative sites are used. Dian’s Tarsiers move farthest shortly after dusk andjust before dawn, with bouts of total inactivity interspersed with moving and foraging throughout the night. Near dawn they sing territorial duets and travel rapidly (as fast as 100 m/ 15 minutes) back to their sleeping sites.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFFEEF28574BAFCB2" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFFEEF28574BAFCB2" blockId="4.[64,1270,2602,3460]" lastBlockId="4.[1339,2548,281,1614]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFFEEF2857EB9F28D" bold="true" box="[65,754,3392,3421]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||||
Dian’s Tarsier lives in small monogamous or polygamous family groups of 2-7 individuals, with more than one adult of the same sex living in the same home range. In a study on the north-eastern boundary of Lore Lindu National Park, home ranges were 1-1-1-8 ha, depending upon habitat type; the smallest home ranges were in lightly disturbed habitats and the largest in heavily disturbed habitats. The most heavily disturbed habitats were affected by herbicides, reducing insect abundance and the density of locomotory supports for tarsiers. Male home ranges were a little larger than those of females, 1-8 ha compared to 1-6 ha. Home ranges of mated pairs overlapped extensively, but overlap was minimal with members of other groups. Nightly distances moved were 600-1260 m and varied by habitat, with the longest movements in the most heavily disturbed habitats. Population surveys of Dian’s Tarsier in Lore Lindu found densities of 129 ind/km?. Densities were higher in secondary forest (250 ind/km?®) than in primary forest (22 ind/km?). Surveysin habitats with a variety of human disturbance near Kamarora, on the edge of Lore Lindu National Park, found densities of 268 ind/km?” in pristine habitat, 187 ind/km? in slightly disturbed habitat, 129 ind/km? for moderately disturbed habitat, and 45 ind/km? in heavily disturbed habitats. Dian’s Tarsier is scarce in forest at higher elevations.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFA92FCA97B27FA59" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFA92FCA97B27FA59" blockId="4.[1339,2548,281,1614]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFA92FCA97AEBFC59" bold="true" box="[1341,1696,876,905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. Dian’s Tarsier is protected under Indonesian law. It is threatened mainly by massive habitat loss due to illegal logging and hunting. Other threats include agricultural pesticides, predation by domestic dogs and cats, and the pet trade. It occurs in two large protected areas, Lore Lindu National Park and Morowali Nature Reserve, but both areas suffer from illegal hunting and forest loss. Lore Lindu has been invaded by refugees (possibly illegal loggers), and entire villages have been built in the Park. Hunting is common in Lore Lindu. Rattan (abundant in the park) harvesting and logging degrade the forest, which is also burned for conversion to coffee and cacao plantations. Morowali Nature Reserve is hunted, and tarsiers are pursued with dogs and blowguns. The forest there is cut for slash-and-burn agriculture, and large tracts are burned for dry rice farming. Although Dian’s Tarsier can be abundant in lowland and especially secondary forest,it is scarcer at higher elevations, and a large part ofits distribution inland Sulawesi is montane.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFA92FA5D7B30F99E" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFA92FA5D7B30F99E" blockId="4.[1339,2548,281,1614]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFA92FA5D799DFA61" bold="true" box="[1341,1494,1432,1457]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||||
Groves (2001), Gursky (1998a, 1998b, 2007a, 2007b), Gursky et al. (2008), Merker (2003, 2006a, 2010), Merker & Yustian (2008), Merker & Muhlenberg (2000), Merker, Driller, Perwitasari-Farajallah, Pamungkas & Zischler (2009), Merker, Driller, Perwitasari-Farajallah, Zahner & Zischler (2007), Merker, Yustian & Muhlenberg (2005), Niemitz (1979b, 1984a, 1984c), Niemitz et al. (1991), Shekelle et al. (1997), Supriatna et al. (2001), Tremble et al. (1993), Yustian et al. (2008).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
169
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169
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<mods:title id="388FE6D58D9589CCD46F01A0064A4BD3">Tarsiidae</mods:title>
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<figureCitation id="DADE0BF5FFFB9C3AFA00F3A879AFF34B" box="[1455,1508,3181,3227]" captionStart="Plate 18: Tarsiidae" captionStartId="2.[70,100,3393,3418]" captionTargetBox="[14,2698,15,3629]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Western Tarsier (Cephalopachus bancanus), 2. Philippine Tarsier (Carlito syrichta), 3. Selayar Tarsier (Tarsius tarsier), 4. Makassar Tarsier (Tarsius fuscus), 5. Dian’s Tarsier (Tarsius dentatus), 6. Peleng Tarsier (Tarsius pelengensis), 7. Great Sangihe Tarsier (Tarsius sangirensis), 8. Siau Island Tarsier (Tarsius tumpara), 9. Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier (Tarsius pumalus), 10. Lariang Tarsier (Tarsius lariang), 11. Wallace’s Tarsier (Tarsius wallacei)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631929/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">10.</figureCitation>
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||||
</heading>
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFA5AF3A87B79F34B" blockId="5.[1450,2331,3181,3267]" box="[1525,1842,3181,3227]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFB9C3AFA5AF3A87B79F34B" box="[1525,1842,3181,3227]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFB9C3AFA5AF3A87B79F34B" box="[1525,1842,3181,3227]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Lariang Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AF8D5F3A874C2F34B" box="[1914,2185,3181,3227]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AF8D5F3A874C2F34B" blockId="5.[1450,2331,3181,3267]" box="[1914,2185,3181,3227]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFB9C3AF8D5F3A874C2F34B" box="[1914,2185,3181,3227]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFB9C3AF8D5F3A874C2F34B" ID-CoL="54XZB" authority="Merker & Groves, 2006" authorityName="Merker & Groves" authorityYear="2006" box="[1914,2185,3181,3227]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lariang">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AF8D5F3A874C2F34B" box="[1914,2185,3181,3227]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Tarsius lariang</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFA04F3697550F311" box="[1451,2331,3244,3265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFA04F3697550F311" blockId="5.[1450,2331,3181,3267]" box="[1451,2331,3244,3265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFB9C3AFA04F3697550F311" box="[1451,2331,3244,3265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFA04F36979B3F311" bold="true" box="[1451,1528,3244,3265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">French:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFB9C3AFA50F3697AE4F311" box="[1535,1711,3244,3265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Tarsier du Lariang</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AF96BF3697B6BF311" bold="true" box="[1732,1824,3244,3265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">German:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFB9C3AF886F3697BA0F311" box="[1833,2027,3244,3265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Lariang-Koboldmaki</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AF7AFF3697410F311" bold="true" box="[2048,2139,3244,3265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFB9C3AF7CCF3697550F311" box="[2147,2331,3244,3265]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Tarsero de Lariang</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFA05F3327415F2C0" box="[1450,2142,3319,3344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFA05F3327415F2C0" blockId="5.[1449,2649,3317,3468]" box="[1450,2142,3319,3344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFA05F3327A0FF2C0" bold="true" box="[1450,1604,3319,3344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFB9C3AF9FDF3327412F2C0" ID-CoL="54XZB" authority="Merker & Groves, 2006" authorityName="Merker & Groves" authorityYear="2006" box="[1618,2137,3319,3344]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lariang">Tarsius lariang Merker & Groves, 2006</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AF7C6F3327B78F28F" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AF7C6F3327B78F28F" blockId="5.[1449,2649,3317,3468]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="F28D1D2DFFFB9C3AF7C6F3327B78F28F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805310301" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Gimpu (01° 38” S, 120° 02” E, 500 m above sea level), west of Lore-Lindu National Park, ¢.5 km north of the River Lariang, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFA05F2A17B58F255" box="[1450,1811,3428,3461]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFA05F2A17B58F255" blockId="5.[1449,2649,3317,3468]" box="[1450,1811,3428,3461]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FD03FEEF7F1DFD78" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="distribution">
|
||||
<caption id="169A47F8FFF89C39FD03FEEF7F1DFD78" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631921" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6631921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631921/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" targetBox="[72,651,306,712]" targetPageId="6">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FD03FEEF7F1DFD78" blockId="6.[683,1271,298,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FD03FEEF7F10FE97" bold="true" box="[684,859,298,327]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
WC Sulawesi in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFF89C39FB27FEEF7F06FEBE" authority="River Basin" authorityName="River Basin" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lariang">Lariang River Basin</taxonomicName>
|
||||
near the confluence with its tributary, the Meweh River, and extending N as far as Gimpu; the precise limits of its distribution have yet to be determined and it distribution may be much larger than what has been confirmed to date. It is known to be parapatric with Dian’s
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFF89C39FB10FDFD7E97FD51" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(1.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFF89C39FCB5FDA17FCEFD51" box="[794,901,612,641]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentatus">dentatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) on the E boundary ofits distribution.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FD04FD6B782FFB1F" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FD04FD6B782FFB1F" blockId="6.[683,1271,298,719]" lastBlockId="6.[64,1271,730,2412]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FD04FD6B7FF8FD1F" bold="true" box="[683,947,686,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||||
Head-body average 12-1 cm (males, n = 12) and 11-8 cm (females, n = 22), tail average 24 cm (males, n = 12) and 24-7 cm (females, n = 23); weight average 118 g (males, n = 12) and 102 g (females, n = 23). The Lariang Tarsier is a distinctive form, differentiated from tarsiers of mainland Sulawesi by its unique features of pelage, body proportions, skull, and vocalizations. It has very dark gray-buff pelage, lacking brown tones on the thighs. Its tail is very dark (often blackish) with a thick, black terminal tuft. It has well-marked thick, black paranasal stripes and well-marked black eye-rims. Hairs around the mouth are whitish, and there is a small bare spot at the base of each ear. The third digit of the hand is absolutely longer than in any other Sulawesi mainland tarsier. The Lariang Tarsier has a unique duet; distinguished from other members of the genus in that entire individual notes of the female song are upwardly frequency modulated. The Lariang Tarsier is the largest of the mainland Sulawesi tarsiers, and, compared to island forms, smaller only than the Great Sangihe Tarsier (7.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFF89C39FD4EFB6B7F20FB1F" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1897" box="[737,875,1198,1231]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sangirensis">sangirensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) of Sangir Island.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FFEDFB107D02FA43" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FFEDFB107D02FA43" blockId="6.[64,1271,730,2412]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FFEDFB107CFBFB26" bold="true" box="[66,176,1237,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||||
Primary and secondary lowland rainforest, mangrove forest, and forest gardens. The elevational range is believed to be up to 1100-1500 m. A study just southwest of Lore Lindu National Park near the village of Peana found Lariang Tarsiers in secondary growth of various stages of succession in a mosaic of shrub, forest, plantations, and gardens.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FFEEFA5B7E77FA31" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="food_feeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FFEEFA5B7E77FA31" blockId="6.[64,1271,730,2412]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FFEEFA5B7D1BFA6B" bold="true" box="[65,336,1438,1467]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
The Lariang Tarsier eats mainly insects, along with some small vertebrates such as frogs and lizards.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FFEEFA2D7ECAF9AF" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="breeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FFEEFA2D7ECAF9AF" blockId="6.[64,1271,730,2412]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FFEEFA2D7C8CF9D9" bold="true" box="[65,199,1512,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
A study of their genetic relatedness showed that most of the young were the offspring of the group adults, indicating a monogamous social and genetic mating system, but there is evidence for extrapair young in groups in which adult pairs exhibit close relationships (facultative polygyny).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FFEFF9407DC5F91D" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="activity">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FFEFF9407DC5F91D" blockId="6.[64,1271,730,2412]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FFEFF9407D66F976" bold="true" box="[64,301,1669,1702]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no specific information available for this species, but it is nocturnal and arboreal.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FFEEF9117876F7FF" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FFEEF9117876F7FF" blockId="6.[64,1271,730,2412]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FFEEF9117EBDF925" bold="true" box="[65,758,1748,1781]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||||
Lariang Tarsiers live in small groups and show social and territorial behavior, including sleeping-site associations and morning duet calls, similar to other tarsiers on Sulawesi. Field observations found that ten of eleven social groups were composed of one adult male, one adult female, and up to two putative offspring. They shared sleeping sites and foraged together. The eleventh group in the study possibly had more than nine individuals. The social structure of the groups was not established, but they foraged in subgroups of varying composition and size and came together at dawn at the same sleeping site. Multiple individuals performed duet songs. Both males and females disperse to other groups.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FFEEF7FE78DCF6CC" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FFEEF7FE78DCF6CC" blockId="6.[64,1271,730,2412]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FFEEF7FE7DD0F788" bold="true" box="[65,411,2107,2136]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Habitat loss and illegal logging are undoubtedly the major threats to populations of the Lariang Tarsier. They are also affected by agricultural pesticides, predation by dogs and cats, and capture for the pet trade. The Lariang Tarsier is believed to occur only below 1100-1500 m, but further surveys are needed to better understand its distribution and conservation status. It occurs in the Lore Lindu National Park.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFF89C39FFEEF6F57E97F6BC" pageId="6" pageNumber="242" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFF89C39FFEEF6F57E97F6BC" blockId="6.[64,1271,730,2412]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFF89C39FFEEF6F57C90F695" bold="true" box="[65,219,2352,2373]" pageId="6" pageNumber="242">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||||
Driller et al. (2009), Groves (2001), MacKinnon & MacKinnon (1980a), Merker (2006b), Merker & Groves (2006), Merker et al. (2009), Supriatna et al. (2001).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
179
data/CA/4C/A6/CA4CA666FFFB9C3AFA04FBE775A5F3F4.xml
Normal file
179
data/CA/4C/A6/CA4CA666FFFB9C3AFA04FBE775A5F3F4.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="83110FDE999A04EFBFB129A17BAC21AF">Tarsiidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B998303C01A1D4BE96B27CE2FC05F9BE">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="1912A01CFFFB9C3AFA04FBE77987FB80" box="[1451,1484,1058,1104]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
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<figureCitation id="DADE0BF5FFFB9C3AFA04FBE77987FB80" box="[1451,1484,1058,1104]" captionStart="Plate 18: Tarsiidae" captionStartId="2.[70,100,3393,3418]" captionTargetBox="[14,2698,15,3629]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Western Tarsier (Cephalopachus bancanus), 2. Philippine Tarsier (Carlito syrichta), 3. Selayar Tarsier (Tarsius tarsier), 4. Makassar Tarsier (Tarsius fuscus), 5. Dian’s Tarsier (Tarsius dentatus), 6. Peleng Tarsier (Tarsius pelengensis), 7. Great Sangihe Tarsier (Tarsius sangirensis), 8. Siau Island Tarsier (Tarsius tumpara), 9. Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier (Tarsius pumalus), 10. Lariang Tarsier (Tarsius lariang), 11. Wallace’s Tarsier (Tarsius wallacei)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631929/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">9.</figureCitation>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFA72FBE7744AFB80" box="[1501,2049,1058,1104]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFA72FBE7744AFB80" blockId="5.[1449,2405,1058,1183]" box="[1501,2049,1058,1104]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFB9C3AFA72FBE7744AFB80" box="[1501,2049,1058,1104]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFB9C3AFA72FBE7744AFB80" box="[1501,2049,1058,1104]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AF7E6FBE7752EFB80" box="[2121,2405,1058,1104]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AF7E6FBE7752EFB80" blockId="5.[1449,2405,1058,1183]" box="[2121,2405,1058,1104]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFB9C3AF7E6FBE7752EFB80" box="[2121,2405,1058,1104]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFB9C3AF7E6FBE7752EFB80" ID-CoL="54XZD" authority="G. S. Miller & Hollister 1921" authorityName="G. S. Miller & Hollister" authorityYear="1921" box="[2121,2405,1058,1104]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AF7E6FBE7752EFB80" box="[2121,2405,1058,1104]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Tarsius pumilus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFA04FBA77491FB4E" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFA04FBA7749CFBA7" blockId="5.[1449,2405,1058,1183]" box="[1451,2263,1122,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFB9C3AFA04FBA7749CFBA7" box="[1451,2263,1122,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFA04FBA779B3FBA7" bold="true" box="[1451,1528,1122,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">French:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFB9C3AF9AFFBA77AD2FBA7" box="[1536,1689,1122,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Tarsier pygmée</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AF901FBA77B42FBA7" bold="true" box="[1710,1801,1122,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">German:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFB9C3AF8BDFBA77B88FBA7" box="[1810,1987,1122,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Zwergkoboldmaki</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AF877FBA77478FBA7" bold="true" box="[2008,2099,1122,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFB9C3AF793FBA7749CFBA7" box="[2108,2263,1122,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Tarsero pigmeo</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFA05FB4C7491FB4E" blockId="5.[1449,2405,1058,1183]" box="[1450,2266,1161,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFB9C3AFA05FB4C7491FB4E" box="[1450,2266,1161,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFA05FB4C7AEAFB4E" bold="true" box="[1450,1697,1161,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFB9C3AF904FB4C7BC6FB4E" box="[1707,1933,1161,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Lesser Spectral Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFB9C3AF834FB4C740AFB4E" box="[1947,2113,1161,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Mountain Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFB9C3AF7E1FB4C7491FB4E" box="[2126,2266,1161,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Pygmy Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AF7BDFB0A74A5FAC4" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AF7BDFB0A74A5FAC4" blockId="5.[2066,2651,1231,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AF7BDFB0A74E6FB3C" bold="true" box="[2066,2221,1231,1260]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFB9C3AF711FB0A74A2FAC4" ID-CoL="54XZD" authority="G. S. Miller & Hollister" authorityYear="1921" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilus">Tarsius pumilus G. S. Miller & Hollister, 1921</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AF6AAFB3275EEFAEB" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AF6AAFB3275EEFAEB" blockId="5.[2066,2651,1231,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="F28D1D2DFFFB9C3AF6AAFB3275EEFAEB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805310302" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Indonesia, Rano Rano, Middle Celebes (= Sulawesi).</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AF7BDFA847530FAB2" box="[2066,2427,1345,1378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AF7BDFA847530FAB2" blockId="5.[2066,2651,1231,1653]" box="[2066,2427,1345,1378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AF7BDFAA875B5F9D0" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="distribution">
|
||||
<caption id="169A47F8FFFB9C3AF7BDFAA875B5F9D0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631919" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6631919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631919/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" targetBox="[1453,2033,1238,1645]" targetPageId="5">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AF7BDFAA875B5F9D0" blockId="5.[2066,2651,1231,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AF7BDFAA8748AFA5A" bold="true" box="[2066,2241,1389,1418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
S & C Sulawesi (known only from Rano Rano and the Latimojong Mts); the distribution is evidently fragmented on isolated mountain tops.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AF7BDF9CF7BEAF8B2" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AF7BDF9CF7BEAF8B2" blockId="5.[2066,2651,1231,1653]" lastBlockId="5.[1448,2656,1660,3108]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AF7BDF9CF755AF9F7" bold="true" box="[2066,2321,1546,1575]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||||
Head-body ¢.9-7 cm, tail 20-21 cm; weight 48-1-50-1 g (males) and 52-57-5 g (females). The Sulawesi Mountain
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFB9C3AF9EFF9B97AEBF94D" box="[1600,1696,1660,1693]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a small species with long, silky fur like that of the Great Sangihe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFB9C3AFA05F9667A41F914" box="[1450,1546,1699,1732]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(71.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFB9C3AF9E4F9667A90F914" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1897" box="[1611,1755,1699,1732]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sangirensis">sangirensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Pelage of the Sulawesi Mountain
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFB9C3AF77CF9667578F914" box="[2259,2355,1699,1732]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is generally reddishbrown dorsally. The face is red, and ears are small, with a buff-colored spot of fur behind each of them. The tail is relatively short and naked except for the tuft, which widens toward the tip. Teeth are notably small. The uniquely elongated, claw-like nails extend well beyond the digital pads.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFA05F8B57A69F82F" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFA05F8B57A69F82F" blockId="5.[1448,2656,1660,3108]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFA05F8B57A53F859" bold="true" box="[1450,1560,1904,1929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||||
Hilly and mountainous regions in cloud forest at elevations of 1800-2200 m, where the trees are covered with liverworts and mosses. Morphological analysis of museum specimens of the Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier indicates adaptations to cooler climates.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFA05F7C07B52F79E" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="food_feeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFA05F7C07B52F79E" blockId="5.[1448,2656,1660,3108]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFA05F7C07AFFF7F6" bold="true" box="[1450,1716,2053,2086]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
The Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier presumably eats live animal prey such as insects and lizards.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFA05F79174A6F7A5" box="[1450,2285,2132,2165]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="breeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFA05F79174A6F7A5" blockId="5.[1448,2656,1660,3108]" box="[1450,2285,2132,2165]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFA05F7917A7BF7A5" bold="true" box="[1450,1584,2132,2165]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFA07F7BE7ABDF714" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="activity">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFA07F7BE7ABDF714" blockId="5.[1448,2656,1660,3108]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFA07F7BE7ADDF74C" bold="true" box="[1448,1686,2171,2204]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no specific information available for this species, butit is nocturnal and arboreal.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFA05F70F7ABEF6E9" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFA05F70F7ABEF6E9" blockId="5.[1448,2656,1660,3108]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFA05F70F743CF73B" bold="true" box="[1450,2167,2250,2283]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no specific information available for this species, but based on low trapping success ratesit is thought to live at extremely low densities.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFA05F6857A48F406" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFA05F6857A48F406" blockId="5.[1448,2656,1660,3108]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFA05F6857B4FF6B1" bold="true" box="[1450,1796,2368,2401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. The Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier has been long known from only two museum specimens, and, until recently, it had not unambiguously been seen in the wild since 1930. The first specimen was collected at 1800 m above sea level from Rano Rano in the mountains between Palu and Poso, and the second specimen came from 2200 m on Mount Rantemario in southern Sulawesi. The Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier was not reported again until 2000, when one was found dead in a rodent trap at 2200 m on Mount Rore Katimbo. In 2008, scientists succeeded in capturing and releasing three individuals on Mount Rore Katimbo in Lore Lindu National Park, with a fourth individual observed high in the tree canopy. These were the first live sightings in more than 80 years, and until this time, the Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier had never been seen or photographed alive. Its estimated distribution is 4112 km?®, but it is known certainly from only three localities. Given the likely low densities of the Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier, more surveys are urgently needed to locate additional populations elsewhere in its presumed distribution and to adequately assess its conservation status. It occurs in Lore Lindu National Park and probably receives some protection on Mount Rantemario.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFA04F42175A5F3F4" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFA04F42175A5F3F4" blockId="5.[1448,2656,1660,3108]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFA04F4217A0FF42D" bold="true" box="[1451,1604,3044,3069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||||
Groves (2001), Grow & Gursky-Doyen (2010), Gursky et al. (2008), Gursky-Doyen & Grow (2009), Maryanto & Yani (2004), Musser & Dagosto (1987), Shekelle (2008b), Supriatna et al. (2001).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
175
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<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFF4BF7D87E28F79F" blockId="5.[176,976,2077,2206]" box="[228,611,2077,2127]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
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<heading id="1912A01CFFFB9C3AFF4BF7D87E28F79F" box="[228,611,2077,2127]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFB9C3AFF4BF7D87E28F79F" box="[228,611,2077,2127]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Siau Island Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
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|
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<heading id="1912A01CFFFB9C3AFD04F7D87F9BF79F" box="[683,976,2077,2127]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
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<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFB9C3AFD04F7D87F9BF79F" ID-CoL="54XZL" authority="Shekelle et al., 2008" authorityName="Shekelle" authorityYear="2008" box="[683,976,2077,2127]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumpara">
|
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<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFD04F7D87F9BF79F" box="[683,976,2077,2127]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Tarsius tumpara</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
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|
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<heading id="1912A01CFFFB9C3AFF1DF7A77F83F7A7" box="[178,968,2146,2167]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
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<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFF1DF7A77CB4F7A7" bold="true" box="[178,255,2146,2167]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">French:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFB9C3AFEA8F7A77DD3F7A7" box="[263,408,2146,2167]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Tarsier de Siau</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFE02F7A77E43F7A7" bold="true" box="[429,520,2146,2167]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">German:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFB9C3AFDBDF7A77EFDF7A7" box="[530,694,2146,2167]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Siau-Koboldmaki</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFD64F7A77F6DF7A7" bold="true" box="[715,806,2146,2167]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFB9C3AFC80F7A77F83F7A7" box="[815,968,2146,2167]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Tarsero de Siau</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFF1EF74C7E68F74E" blockId="5.[176,976,2077,2206]" box="[177,547,2185,2206]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFB9C3AFF1EF74C7E68F74E" box="[177,547,2185,2206]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFF1EF74C7DE3F74E" bold="true" box="[177,424,2185,2206]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFB9C3AFE1EF74C7E68F74E" box="[433,547,2185,2206]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Siau Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFCB6F7167F28F6C4" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFCB6F7167F28F6C4" blockId="5.[793,1379,2259,2677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFCB6F7167FFFF73C" bold="true" box="[793,948,2259,2284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFB9C3AFC6BF7167F14F6C4" ID-CoL="54XZL" authority="Shekelle et al., 2008" authorityName="Shekelle" authorityYear="2008" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumpara">Tarsius tumpara Shekelle et al., 2008</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFCC2F7327FF6F65A" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFCC2F7327FF6F65A" blockId="5.[793,1379,2259,2677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="F28D1D2DFFFB9C3AFCC2F7327FF6F65A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805310304" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Siau Island, Indonesia, the southern end of the island about 100 m from the north shore of a small lake (02° 39’ N, 125° 25" E).</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFCB5F64A783EF59D" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFCB5F64A783EF59D" blockId="5.[793,1379,2259,2677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
The Sangir and Siau islands are separated by ¢.60 km of ocean where depths exceed 1000 m, and there is no possibility of recurrent gene flow between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFB9C3AFB34F5C0796CF5F6" authority="Shekelle et al., 2008" authorityName="Shekelle" authorityYear="2008" box="[1179,1319,2565,2598]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumpara">T. tumpara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and 1.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFB9C3AFC91F5F57F82F59D" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1897" box="[830,969,2608,2637]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sangirensis">sangirensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Monotypic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFCB5F5917EA1F53B" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="distribution">
|
||||
<caption id="169A47F8FFFB9C3AFCB5F5917EA1F53B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631917" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6631917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631917/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" targetBox="[180,761,2260,2666]" targetPageId="5">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFCB5F5917EA1F53B" blockId="5.[793,1379,2259,2677]" lastBlockId="5.[178,1382,2683,3462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFCB5F5917F82F5A5" bold="true" box="[794,969,2644,2677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
Siau I, in the Sangihe Archipelago ¢.200 km N of Sulawesi. It is conceivable that it occurs on some very small islands in close proximity to Siau, separated only by shallow water and thus connected in the past during times of low sea levels.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFF1DF5347F91F339" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFF1DF5347F91F339" blockId="5.[178,1382,2683,3462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFF1DF5347DE6F4C2" bold="true" box="[178,429,2801,2834]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||||
Head-body c.15 cm, tail c.26 cm; weight c.104 g. The Siau Island Tarsieris similar to the Great Sangihe Tarsier (7.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFB9C3AFCC3F4DD7FB7F4E9" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1897" box="[876,1020,2840,2873]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sangirensis">sangirensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), but it is more grayish in color, with slight differences in morphology. Fur on the body of the Siau Island Tarsier is mottled brown, with a dark gray undercoat, which is a typical coloration of tarsiers but different from the Great Sangihe Tarsier. The gray above and lateral to the eyes is bordered by a conspicuous, thick brown line, forming a straight line at the roof of the nose. The hair around the mouth is whitish, the tail tuft is short and sparse, and the tarsal hair is sparse and inconspicuous, similar to that of the Great Sangihe Tarsier. The skull is a little larger than that of the Great Sangihe Tarsier but narrower across the orbits. The morning duet call of the Siau Island Tarsier does not have a two-note phrase diagnostic of the Great Sangihe Tarsier. The Siau Island Tarsier is allied with Sulawesian tarsiers of the 1. tarsiercomplex because of the size of the tail tuft, presence of postauricular white spots, and presence of a vocal duet.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFF1DF32A7E70F2C0" box="[178,571,3311,3344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFF1DF32A7E70F2C0" blockId="5.[178,1382,2683,3462]" box="[178,571,3311,3344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFF1DF32A7D6AF2C0" bold="true" box="[178,289,3311,3344]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||||
[Lowland wetforest.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFF1DF2D37E6AF28F" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="food_feeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFF1DF2D37E6AF28F" blockId="5.[178,1382,2683,3462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFF1DF2D37DFFF2E7" bold="true" box="[178,436,3350,3383]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
The Siau Island Tarsier eats large arthropods along with some small vertebrates such as lizards.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFF1DF2A07FBEF256" box="[178,1013,3429,3462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="breeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFF1DF2A07FBEF256" blockId="5.[178,1382,2683,3462]" box="[178,1013,3429,3462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFF1DF2A07D73F256" bold="true" box="[178,312,3429,3462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFA07FEE57ABCFEB4" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="activity">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFA07FEE57ABCFEB4" blockId="5.[1448,2654,288,987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFA07FEE57ADDFEED" bold="true" box="[1448,1686,288,317]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no specific information available for this species, but itis nocturnal and arboreal.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFA05FEAE7B5AFE0A" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFA05FEAE7B5AFE0A" blockId="5.[1448,2654,288,987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFA05FEAE7433FE5C" bold="true" box="[1450,2168,363,396]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no specific information available for this species, except that it lives in small monogamous or polygamous groups of 2-6 individuals.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFA05FE1A7B32FC5A" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFA05FE1A7B32FC5A" blockId="5.[1448,2654,288,987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFA05FE1A7B40FDD0" bold="true" box="[1450,1803,479,512]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Siau Island Tarsier is probably the most threatened of all tarsiers and may indeed be among the most gravely endangered primates in the world. Siau is an almost entirely deforested island just 20 km long and 10 km wide at its widest point. It is dominated by a highly active volcano and has a human population of more than 38,000. Populations of the Siau Island Tarsier are likely scattered in pockets throughout the island, but they are currently known only from a remote section of the extreme southern end, which is heavily disturbed, private land scheduled for conversion. An expedition in 2004 was only able to find tarsiers at two remote sites, where they are hunted for food. The Siau Island Tarsier probably occurs in the (unofficially) protected area of Mount Tamata.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFB9C3AFA04FC5D7406FC09" pageId="5" pageNumber="241" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFB9C3AFA04FC5D7406FC09" blockId="5.[1448,2654,288,987]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFB9C3AFA04FC5D7A0EFC61" bold="true" box="[1451,1605,920,945]" pageId="5" pageNumber="241">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||||
Riley (2002), Shekelle & Salim (2007, 2009a, 2009b), Shekelle, Groves, Merker & Supriatna (2008), Shekelle, Morales et al. (2008), Supriatna et al. (2001).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
246
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246
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<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFADFF4647AAEF403" blockId="2.[1340,2314,2977,3105]" box="[1392,1765,2977,3027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
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<heading id="1912A01CFFFC9C3DFADFF4647AAEF403" box="[1392,1765,2977,3027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFC9C3DFADFF4647AAEF403" box="[1392,1765,2977,3027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Philippine Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DF8B4F4607479F403" box="[1819,2098,2981,3027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DF8B4F4607479F403" blockId="2.[1340,2314,2977,3105]" box="[1819,2098,2981,3027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFC9C3DF8B4F4607479F403" box="[1819,2098,2981,3027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DF8B4F4607479F403" ID-CoL="5XBRB" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1819,2098,2981,3027]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Carlito" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="syrichta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DF8B4F4607479F403" box="[1819,2098,2981,3027]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Carlito syrichta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DFA91F4207430F3F1" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFA91F4207541F42A" blockId="2.[1340,2314,2977,3105]" box="[1342,2314,3045,3066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFC9C3DFA91F4207541F42A" box="[1342,2314,3045,3066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DFA91F42079C0F42A" bold="true" box="[1342,1419,3045,3066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">French:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFC9C3DFA3CF4207A3AF42A" box="[1427,1649,3045,3066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Tarsier des Philippines</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DF928F4207AA9F42A" bold="true" box="[1671,1762,3045,3066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">German:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFC9C3DF943F4207B99F42A" box="[1772,2002,3045,3066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Philippinen-Koboldmaki</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DF848F4207409F42A" bold="true" box="[2023,2114,3045,3066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFC9C3DF7E5F4207541F42A" box="[2122,2314,3045,3066]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Tarsero de Filipinas</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFA91F3C97430F3F1" blockId="2.[1340,2314,2977,3105]" box="[1342,2171,3084,3105]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFC9C3DFA91F3C97430F3F1" box="[1342,2171,3084,3105]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DFA91F3C97A7FF3F1" bold="true" box="[1342,1588,3084,3105]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFC9C3DF991F3C97B76F3F1" box="[1598,1853,3084,3105]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Bohol Tarsier (fraterculus)</vernacularName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFC9C3DF8E3F3C97430F3F1" box="[1868,2171,3084,3105]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Mindanao Tarsier (carbonarius)</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DFA92F3977B32F3BF" box="[1341,1913,3154,3183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFA92F3977B32F3BF" blockId="2.[1340,2543,3154,3309]" box="[1341,1913,3154,3183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DFA92F3977993F3BF" bold="true" box="[1341,1496,3154,3183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFA4AF3977B3FF3BF" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1509,1908,3154,3183]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Simia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="syrichta">Simia syrichta Linnaeus, 1758</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DF82BF3977BB5F3BF" box="[1924,2046,3154,3183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DF82BF3977BB5F3BF" blockId="2.[1340,2543,3154,3309]" box="[1924,2046,3154,3183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="F28D1D2DFFFC9C3DF82BF3977BB5F3BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805310309" box="[1924,2046,3154,3183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">“Luzon.”</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3CFA92F3B37D00FC8D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3CFA92F3B37D00FC8D" blockId="2.[1340,2543,3154,3309]" lastBlockId="3.[171,1377,709,3454]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">There is no type specimen; Linnaeus described this species from a naturalist’s account. Over time, the island of Leyte has become accepted as the type locality. The current taxonomy indicates one species, with three subspecies considered to be of dubious validity. The subspecies are each restricted to separate islands that were connected into one landmass as recently as the end of the Pleistocene, and there is little morphological variation. This does not mean there is no taxonomic variation among Philippine tarsiers. Rather, museum specimens are heavily biased toward two locations on Mindanao, and much more phylogeographic research is needed. There are a number of isolated island populations that may prove to be distinct, including in particular those of Sarangani, Basilan, Sulu, Dinagat, and Siargao. Taxonomic variation might be reflected in the differing geological histories of the eastern and western halves of Mindanao. Three subspecies recognized.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="169A47F8FFFC9C3DFFE9F2847A91F250" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631929" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6631929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631929/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" startId="2.[70,100,3393,3418]" targetBox="[14,2698,15,3629]" targetPageId="1">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFFE9F2847A91F250" blockId="2.[68,2543,3371,3461]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
On following pages: 3. Selayar
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFE34F2847DA9F28A" box="[411,482,3393,3418]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFE5DF2847E76F28A" authorityName="Storr" authorityYear="1780" box="[498,573,3393,3418]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tarsius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
tarsien); 4. Makassar
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFC85F2847F23F28A" box="[810,872,3393,3418]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFCDCF2847856F28A" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1804" box="[883,1053,3393,3418]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">Tarsius fuscus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); 5. Dian's
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFB38F2847895F28A" box="[1175,1246,3393,3418]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFB42F2847973F28A" authorityName="Storr" authorityYear="1780" box="[1261,1336,3393,3418]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tarsius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFAEEF28479D4F28A" box="[1345,1439,3393,3418]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dentatus">dentatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); 6. Peleng
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DF98CF2847A2AF28A" box="[1571,1633,3393,3418]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DF9C3F2847B1BF28A" authorityName="Sody" authorityYear="1949" box="[1644,1872,3393,3418]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="259" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pelengensis">Tarsius pelengensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); 7. Great Sangihe
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DF78BF2847420F28A" box="[2084,2155,3393,3418]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DF7D4F2847502F28A" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1897" box="[2171,2377,3393,3418]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sangirensis">Tarsius sangirensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); 8. Siau Island
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFF22F2AE7C9FF250" box="[141,212,3435,3456]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFF4BF2AE7DD9F250" box="[228,402,3435,3456]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tumpara">Tarsius tumpara</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); 9. Sulawesi Mountain
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFD34F2AE7EA9F250" box="[667,738,3435,3456]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFD5DF2AE7FD0F250" box="[754,923,3435,3456]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilus">Tarsius pumilus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); 10.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFC74F2AE783CF250" authority="Tarsier" authorityName="Tarsier" box="[987,1143,3435,3456]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lariang">Lariang Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFB28F2AE796AF250" box="[1159,1313,3435,3456]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="260" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lariang">Tarsius lariang</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); 11. Wallace's
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFA62F2AE7A5FF250" box="[1485,1556,3435,3456]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DF98BF2AE7A84F250" box="[1572,1743,3435,3456]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wallace">Tarsius wallace</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFF04FCA27FB6FB35" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="distribution">
|
||||
<caption id="169A47F8FFFD9C3CFF04FCA27FB6FB35" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631901" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6631901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631901/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" targetBox="[174,754,291,696]" targetPageId="3">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFF04FCA27E71FC54" blockId="3.[171,1377,709,3454]" box="[171,570,871,900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFF04FCA27E71FC54" bold="true" box="[171,570,871,900]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFF01FC4F7F34FC29" blockId="3.[171,1377,709,3454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CFF01FC4F7F34FC29" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Carlito" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="syrichta" subSpecies="syrichta">C.s.syrichtaLinnaeus,1758—EasternVisayasinSEPhilippines(Leyte,Samar,Dinagat,Biliran&MaripipiIs),butbydefault,allotherareaswithinthedistributionofthePhilippineTarsier,exceptforMindanaoandBohol.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFF01FBC57D06FB6E" blockId="3.[171,1377,709,3454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CFF01FBC57D06FB6E" authority="Heude, 1898" authorityName="Heude" authorityYear="1898" baseAuthorityName="Heude" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Carlito" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="syrichta" subSpecies="carbonarius">C.s.carbonariusHeude,1898—SEPhilippines(Mindanao),someknownlocationsincludeintheN,C&SWprovincesofBukidnon,DavaodelNorte,DavaodelSur,MisamisOccidental,MisamisOriental,SouthCotabato,ZamboangadelNorte,andZamboangadelSur,althoughpresumablylocallyextinctinmanyplacestoday;alsoinBasilanI.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFF01FB0D7FB6FB35" blockId="3.[171,1377,709,3454]" box="[174,1021,1224,1253]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CFF01FB0D7E2DFB35" authority="G. S. Miller, 1911" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1911" box="[174,614,1224,1253]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Carlito" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="syrichta" subSpecies="fraterculus">C. s. fraterculus G. S. Miller, 1911</taxonomicName>
|
||||
— SE Philippines on Bohol I.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFF04FB297872F96E" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFF04FB297872F96E" blockId="3.[171,1377,709,3454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFF04FB297DE7FADD" bold="true" box="[171,428,1260,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||||
Head-body 11.8-14 cm, tail 14.7-28.8 cm; weight 119-153 g (males) and 110-132 g (females). Males are larger than females. The Philippine
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CFA87FAD27C97FA8B" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is characterized by a relatively long skull. There is no black paranasal spot or a postauricular light spot. Ears are smaller than those of eastern tarsiers (7arsius). The tail tuft is the least hirsute of all tarsiers, and it appears naked except at the very end. There may be regional variation in this trait, with northern populations having the most reduced tuft. Feet are hairless, and digits are notably elongated, particularly the middle fingers. Nails are reduced and triangular. The nominate subspecies
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CFB4EFA3A790BF9F0" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1249,1344,1535,1568]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Carlito" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="syrichta">syrichta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is larger and more rufous in color than the other subspecies, which are generally grayishbrown with a yellowish face. The “Bohol Tarsier” (C. s. fraterculus) is distinguished by its relatively small size. The “Mindanao Tarsier” (C. s. carbonarius) is said to differ from the other subspecies in color and certain dental and cranial features.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFF04F9017808F829" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFF04F9017808F829" blockId="3.[171,1377,709,3454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFF04F9017D51F935" bold="true" box="[171,282,1732,1765]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||||
Primary and secondary lowland and coastal forest fragments. Like other tarsiers,it is assumed that this genus is more abundant in primary habitats, but more visible in secondary habitats. Thusfar it has been systematically studied only in disturbed habitats. Its known elevational range is 0-800 m. Use of supports has been analyzed for male syrichta in the wild: leaping made up 58% of the locomotory bouts, climbing 26%, and quadrupedal walking 10-8%. Use of vertical supports was most common at 64%, with use of oblique supports at 20% and horizontal supports at 20%. Philippine Tarsiers occasionally go to the ground, but for only a few seconds.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFF03F7C77F65F746" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="food_feeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFF03F7C77F65F746" blockId="3.[171,1377,709,3454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFF03F7C77DF3F7CF" bold="true" box="[172,440,2050,2079]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
The Philippine Tarsier eats mainly insects and small vertebrates (particularly frogs and small lizards). Individuals of the Mindanao Tarsier will descend to riverbanks in search of fish and crabs, which they catch by hand. Captive individuals will eat live shrimp and fish in a bowl of water.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFF03F75978FAF627" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="breeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFF03F75978FAF627" blockId="3.[171,1377,709,3454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFF03F7597D7AF76D" bold="true" box="[172,305,2204,2237]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
Female Philippine Tarsiers have a reproductive cycle of ¢.24 days. Mating takes place throughout the year, and a single young is born after a gestation of c.180 days. Juveniles are more uniformly colored than adults. Greenish eye color is common among young individuals, before it gradually changes to brick-orange later in life. Prevalence of the green-eyed morph appears to be higher and change to brick-orange eyes takes place later in life than for green-eyed morphs of other tarsier genera. Several wild-caught Philippine Tarsiers lived for 12-14 years in captivity, yielding minimum age estimates of 16 years, and although they showed no clinical signs of advanced age, they had the manner of old animals. The potential life span may be c.20 years.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFF04F63B7DB2F597" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="activity">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFF04F63B7DB2F597" blockId="3.[171,1377,709,3454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFF04F63B7DD3F5CF" bold="true" box="[171,408,2558,2591]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no specific information available for this species, but it is nocturnal and arboreal.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFF02F5897E64F344" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFF02F5897E64F344" blockId="3.[171,1377,709,3454]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFF02F5897F32F5BD" bold="true" box="[173,889,2636,2669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||||
A study of the subspecies
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CFAAFF5897914F5BD" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1280,1375,2636,2669]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Carlito" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="syrichta">syrichta</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by M. Dagosto and coworkers at Mount Pangasugan on Leyte found males foraging on their own and, generally, sleeping on their own. Males were not observed in close proximity (less than 3 m apart). The home range was 0-6-2 ha, smaller than has been observed for the Western
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CFD88F52C7ECCF4DA" box="[551,647,2793,2826]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CFD30F52C7FA5F4DA" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[671,1006,2793,2826]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Cephalopachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bancanus">Cephalopachus bancanus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). Minimum nightly travel distances were 260-556 m. Male and female home ranges coincide. The social structure of the Philippine Tarsieris little known, but mated pairs and their offspring are believed to form small groups, even though they may not sleep together. Individuals have 3-4 sleeping sites located near the border of their home ranges; these sites are near the ground (below 1 m) and typically in dense vegetation of ferns, saplings, and bamboo surrounding a large tree, particularly
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CFCE5F4107F9DF426" box="[842,982,3029,3062]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Artocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Artocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CFB8FF4107829F426" box="[1056,1122,3029,3062]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CFB68F410791AF426" box="[1223,1361,3029,3062]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CFF40F3C57E62F3CD" box="[239,553,3072,3101]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pterocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pterocarpus (Fabaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. They also travel and hunt near the ground—more than two-thirds of the time 2 m or less above the ground. Captive Philippine Tarsiers huddle together and intertwine their tails and tolerate larger social groupings than are commonly observed in the wild.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFF01F3587B2FFE00" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFF01F3587B2FFE00" blockId="3.[171,1377,709,3454]" lastBlockId="3.[1442,2645,282,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFF01F3587E44F36A" bold="true" box="[174,527,3229,3258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The individual subspecies of the Philippine
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CFC55F3057811F331" box="[1018,1114,3264,3297]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
have not been assessed. Although it is protected by law in the Philippines,it is threatened by extensive loss of habitat within its patchy and highly fragmented distribution. It is also harvested as food, collected for the pet trade, and frequently used as a tourist attraction. The Philippine
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CFEE1F2A47E14F2AE" authority="Foundation" authorityName="Foundation" box="[334,607,3425,3454]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier Foundation</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in Tagbilaran City, Bohol, is dedicated to preserving the Bohol
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CF995FEDF7AD1FEE3" box="[1594,1690,282,307]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. In 1997, the Foundation established a 7-4ha forest reserve not far from the town of Corella, and it is active in captive breeding, research, and tourism. The Philippine
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CF9D0FEA17A94FE51" box="[1663,1759,356,385]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
occurs in six protected areas: Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary, Calauit Island Wildlife Sanctuary and the national parks of Initao, Mount Apo, Mount Malindang, and Rajah Sikatuna.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFA0BFE257AA0FCE3" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFA0BFE257AA0FCE3" blockId="3.[1442,2645,282,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFA0BFE257A75FE29" bold="true" box="[1444,1598,480,505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||||
de Boer & de Boer-van der Vlist (1973), Brandon-Jones et al. (2004), Catchpole & Fulton (1943), Cook (1939), Dagosto & Gebo (1996/1997, 1998), Dagosto et al. (2001, 2003), Dutrillaux & Rumpler (1988), Evans (1967), Fulton (1939), Gorog & Sinaga (2008), Groves (2001), Haring & Wright (1989), Haring et al. (1985), Heaney (1993), Heaney & Rabor (1982), Heaney et al. (1998), Hill et al. (1952), Jachowski & Pizzaras (2005), Lewis (1939), McNab & Wright (1987), Merker et al. (2008), Montagna & Machida (1966), Musser & Dagosto (1987), Neri-Arboleda (2010), Neri-Arboleda et al. (2002), Niemitz (1984d, 1984e), Niemitz et al. (1991), Ramsier et al. 2011), Reason (1978), Rickart et al. (1993), Sanborn (1952), Schreiber (1968), Shekelle (2008a), Shekelle & Nietsch (2008), Ulmer (1960, 1963), Wharton (1950), Wright & Simons (1984), Wright, Simons & Gursky (2003), Yustian (2007).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
189
data/CA/4C/A6/CA4CA666FFFC9C3DFFFFFE6B7BE5F547.xml
Normal file
189
data/CA/4C/A6/CA4CA666FFFC9C3DFFFFFE6B7BE5F547.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
|
|||
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<mods:titleInfo id="31432F5A73952247FFC998C07D099701">
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<mods:title id="BFCD8FD07A5ACB8E964E4F757D258779">Tarsiidae</mods:title>
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|
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="7A8FB5A38A70B818127AD70F006A3EC1">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DFFFFFE6B7C26FE04" box="[80,109,430,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFFFFFE6B7C26FE04" blockId="2.[75,1275,423,587]" box="[80,109,430,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
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<heading id="1912A01CFFFC9C3DFFFFFE6B7C26FE04" box="[80,109,430,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
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<figureCitation id="DADE0BF5FFFC9C3DFFFFFE6B7C26FE04" box="[80,109,430,468]" captionStart="Plate 18: Tarsiidae" captionStartId="2.[70,100,3393,3418]" captionTargetBox="[14,2698,15,3629]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Western Tarsier (Cephalopachus bancanus), 2. Philippine Tarsier (Carlito syrichta), 3. Selayar Tarsier (Tarsius tarsier), 4. Makassar Tarsier (Tarsius fuscus), 5. Dian’s Tarsier (Tarsius dentatus), 6. Peleng Tarsier (Tarsius pelengensis), 7. Great Sangihe Tarsier (Tarsius sangirensis), 8. Siau Island Tarsier (Tarsius tumpara), 9. Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier (Tarsius pumalus), 10. Lariang Tarsier (Tarsius lariang), 11. Wallace’s Tarsier (Tarsius wallacei)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631929/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">1.</figureCitation>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DFFD3FE6B7D89FE04" box="[124,450,430,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFFD3FE6B7D89FE04" blockId="2.[75,1275,423,587]" box="[124,450,430,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFC9C3DFFD3FE6B7D89FE04" box="[124,450,430,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFC9C3DFFD3FE6B7D89FE04" box="[124,450,430,468]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Western Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DFE56FE627F9AFE05" box="[505,977,423,469]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFE56FE627F9AFE05" blockId="2.[75,1275,423,587]" box="[505,977,423,469]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFC9C3DFE56FE627F9AFE05" box="[505,977,423,469]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFE56FE627F9AFE05" ID-CoL="SDLD" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[505,977,423,469]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Cephalopachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bancanus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DFE56FE627F9AFE05" box="[505,977,423,469]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Cephalopachus bancanus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DFFE2FE237E60FD9B" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFFE2FE237848FE2B" blockId="2.[75,1275,423,587]" box="[77,1027,486,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFC9C3DFFE2FE237848FE2B" box="[77,1027,486,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DFFE2FE237CD1FE2B" bold="true" box="[77,154,486,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">French:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFC9C3DFF0DFE237D28FE2B" box="[162,355,486,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Tarsier de Horsfield</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DFED7FE237D98FE2B" bold="true" box="[376,467,486,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">German:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFC9C3DFE74FE237E89FE2B" box="[475,706,486,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">\Westlicher Koboldmaki</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DFD78FE237F79FE2B" bold="true" box="[727,818,486,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFC9C3DFC95FE237848FE2B" box="[826,1027,486,507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Tarsero de Horsfield</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFFE2FDCB7E60FD9B" blockId="2.[75,1275,423,587]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFC9C3DFFE2FDCB7E60FD9B" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DFFE2FDCB7D08FDF3" bold="true" box="[77,323,526,547]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFC9C3DFEE2FDCB7E0FFDF3" box="[333,580,526,547]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Belitung Tarsier (saltator)</vernacularName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFC9C3DFDFCFDCB7F20FDF3" box="[595,875,526,547]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Bornean Tarsier (borneanus)</vernacularName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFC9C3DFCD6FDCB78D5FDF3" box="[889,1182,526,547]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Horsfield's Tarsier (bancanus)</vernacularName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFC9C3DFB03FDCB7E60FD9B" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Serasan Island/South Natuna Islands Tarsier (natunensis)</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DFD1CFDB97EB7FD10" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFD1CFDB97EB7FD10" blockId="2.[689,1277,636,1057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DFD1CFDB97F05FD49" bold="true" box="[691,846,636,665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFCC3FDB97EBCFD10" ID-CoL="7KTZ6" authority="Horsfield, 1821" authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bancanus">Tarsius bancanus Horsfield, 1821</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DFCA3FD627EBCFD37" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFCA3FD627EBCFD37" blockId="2.[689,1277,636,1057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="F28D1D2DFFFC9C3DFCA3FD627EBCFD37" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805310306" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Indonesia, SE Sumatra, Bangka Island.</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DFD1DFD2878B3FB36" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFD1DFD2878B3FB36" blockId="2.[689,1277,636,1057]" lastBlockId="2.[70,1276,1064,3297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Western Tarsiers require a systematic review, giving particular attention to the form borneanus on Borneo. In 2008, A. Gorog and M. Sinaga reported an unusual montane form captured at Bukit Baka, western Kalimantan, at 1200 m above sea level. Behavioral differences of tarsiers in Sarawak and Sabah may also indicate distinct taxa. Many taxonomists do not recognize the subspecies natunensis and saltator, but Brandon-Jones and others included them as “doubtful” taxa that required further investigation. Their rationale was that Western Tarsiers are a group in need of taxonomic revision, and the analyses of museum specimens that were used to synonymize these two taxa were an inadequate basis for making ajudgment. Four subspecies recognized.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DFFE6FB2E7E0EF9F0" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="distribution">
|
||||
<caption id="169A47F8FFFC9C3DFFE6FB2E7E0EF9F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631899" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6631899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631899/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" targetBox="[79,658,644,1050]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFFE6FB2E7D93FADC" blockId="2.[70,1276,1064,3297]" box="[73,472,1259,1292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DFFE6FB2E7D93FADC" bold="true" box="[73,472,1259,1292]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFFE2FAD178F3FA8C" blockId="2.[70,1276,1064,3297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFFE2FAD178F3FA8C" authority="Horsfield, 1821" authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1821" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Cephalopachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bancanus" subSpecies="bancanus">C.b.bancanusHorsfield,1821—SSumatraandBangkaI;theprecisedistributiononSumatraisunknown,butitisthoughttobedelimitedbytheMusiRivertotheN.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFFE2FAA3788AFA53" blockId="2.[70,1276,1064,3297]" box="[77,1217,1382,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFFE2FAA3788AFA53" authority="Elliot, 1910" authorityName="Elliot" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Elliot" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[77,1217,1382,1411]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Cephalopachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bancanus" subSpecies="borneanus">C.b.borneanusElliot,1910—BorneoandKarimataI(offtheSWcoastofBorneo).</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFFE3FA577E46FA28" blockId="2.[70,1276,1064,3297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFFE3FA577E46FA28" authority="Chasen, 1940" authorityName="Chasen" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Chasen" baseAuthorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Cephalopachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bancanus" subSpecies="natunensis">C.b.natunensisChasen,1940—SerasanI,oneoftheSouthNatunaIs(justofftheWcoastofBorneo)andpossiblynearbySubiI;itdoesnotoccuronNorthNatunaIs(notablythelargest,Bunguran).</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFFE3F9C27E0EF9F0" blockId="2.[70,1276,1064,3297]" box="[76,581,1543,1568]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFFE3F9C27DDAF9F0" authority="Elliot, 1910" authorityName="Elliot" authorityYear="1910" box="[76,401,1543,1568]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Cephalopachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="bancanus" subSpecies="saltator">C. b. saltator Elliot, 1910</taxonomicName>
|
||||
— Belitung I.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DFFE6F9EA78A3F596" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFFE6F9EA78A3F596" blockId="2.[70,1276,1064,3297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DFFE6F9EA7D00F998" bold="true" box="[73,331,1583,1608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||||
Head-body 11.4-13.2 cm, tail 20-23 cm; weight 110-138-5 g (males) and 100-119 g (females). The Western Tarsier is characterized by having relatively larger eyes, shorter ears, longer hindlimbs and longer hands, when compared with other tarsiers. The skull appears relatively broader, in part because of its heavily flared eye sockets. Descriptions of pelage coloration are confounded by fading that occurs in museum specimens and captive specimens that are housed in enclosures that lack access to natural sunlight. The few color photographs of Western Tarsiers seem to indicate that the “Bornean Tarsier” (C. b. borneanus) has a dorsal coat thatis dark gray and rufous brown, rathertypical for many tarsiers, whereas the tarsiers from Sumatra (“Horsfield’s Tarsier,” C. b.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFDF9F8487E9AF87A" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[598,721,1933,1962]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Cephalopachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bancanus">bancanus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) have distinct yellow ochre tones that are unseen in other tarsiers. There is a dark spot on each knee. The facial mask is far less vivid than in the eastern tarsiers (7arsius), lacking the black paranasal spots and white paralabial fur. Neither are there post-auricular white spots. As with other tarsiers, the ventral coat is lighter, whitish to buffy. The tarsus is haired, but the feet are not. The tail is relatively shorter than all othertarsiers, and absolutely shorter than all tarsier species except the Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFC9C3DFC94F7B07840F746" box="[827,1035,2165,2198]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilus">Tarsius pumilus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), which may be a pygmy tarsier. Average tail length is 202 mm (n = 37). Thetailskin is dark red-brown. It is sparsely haired dorsally and naked ventrally. On the ventral surface near the base there is a small dermal skin composed of alternating ridges and “V’shaped grooves that act as a sitting pad when the tarsier clings in a vertical posture. Like all tarsiers, there is a tail tuft at the distal end. In Western Tarsiers the terminal tuft is light brown and sharply delimited, typically less than 25% of the distal end of the tail. There are very few comparative data with which to describe the “Belitung Tarsier” (C. b. saltator) and the “Natuna Islands Tarsier” (C. b. natunensis) and it is possible that the first is a synonym of bancanus, while the second could be a synonym of borneanus. Given the cryptic nature of tarsier alpha taxonomy, it is also possible that systematic phylogeographic study could reveal a completely different and utterly unexpected taxonomy.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DFFE9F5897E7CF342" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFFE9F5897E7CF342" blockId="2.[70,1276,1064,3297]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DFFE9F5897CFEF5BD" bold="true" box="[70,181,2636,2669]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||||
Historically, areas of South-east Asia that have tarsiers today were mostly covered in tropical rainforest, and there are no comparative data that directly evidence differences in habitat preference among extanttarsiers, with the exception of the Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier. Where tarsiers have been studied, they are found in virtually all habitats except urban areas and areas of intensive agriculture that are bereft of all potential sleeping sites or where pesticides are commonly used. Reports of Western Tarsiers come mostly from low-lying primary and secondary dipterocarp and coastal forest. They are often seen in forest and plantation edges. Individuals spend the majority of their time in the understory below 2 m and only 5% above 3 m. The elevational distribution of lowland tarsier species may vary, and until recently, almost all accounts of Western Tarsiers were below elevations of 100 m. Recently a tarsier capture was reported from 1200m but it also occurs in some highland areas (e.g. up to 1450 m above sea level in Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya National Park, Borneo. Photographs of the specimen evidence an unusual morphology and this may represent a distinct montane taxon, such as is found on Sulawesi.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DFFE9F35D7560FE05" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="food_feeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFFE9F35D7560FE05" blockId="2.[70,1276,1064,3297]" lastBlockId="2.[1342,2552,283,2714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DFFE9F35D7D05F369" bold="true" box="[70,334,3224,3257]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
All tarsiers are 100% carnivorous and eat only live-caught animal prey. There are no data that allow for direct comparisons of diet among species; thus is not known if reported differences in diet are due to availability, sampling, or actual differences. The Western Tarsier is reported to eat mainly insects, including beetles, grasshoppers, cockroaches, moths, butterflies, mantids, ants, phasmids, and cicadas. It will also eat small freshwater crabs, frogs, lizards, birds, bats, and even highly venomous snakes such as the banded Malaysian coral snake (Calliophis intestinalis).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DFAEBFE1E75B9FC2D" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="breeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFAEBFE1E75B9FC2D" blockId="2.[1342,2552,283,2714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DFAEBFE1E7981FE2C" bold="true" box="[1348,1482,475,508]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
A menstrual cycle lasting about 24 days has been observed and measured in all three tarsier genera, and it is likely that this is common for all tarsier species. Likewise, seasonal birth peaks have been noted in several wild tarsier populations. It is likely that all tarsiers are capable of year round breeding, but have birth peaks that correspond to seasonal increases in resource availability. There are no direct comparative data that evidence any major difference in this pattern. In Borneo, there is reported to be a single birth peak, with mating from October to December and births from January to March. Courtship includes much chasing and vocalizing. An elaborate courtship ritual has been reported for Western Tarsiers that involves the female suspended by her forelimbs from a horizontal branch, while raising her legs and spreading them to either side, exposing her swollen red vulva, which is sharply contrasted against her light abdominal fur. A single young is born after a gestation of 178-180 days. As with all other tarsiers for which there are data, Western Tarsierscarry their young with their mouth. An individual lived for 17 years and seven months in the Cleveland Zoo, USA.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DFAEEFBC77B4AFB48" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="activity">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFAEEFBC77B4AFB48" blockId="2.[1342,2552,283,2714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DFAEEFBC77A65FBF3" bold="true" box="[1345,1582,1026,1059]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||||
As with all other tarsier species for which there are data, the Western Tarsier is nocturnal and arboreal. Activity begins shortly before sunset and ends around sunrise. There are activity peaks in the early evening and just before sunrise that are associated with feeding.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DFAEDFB5A7BB9FA7D" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFAEDFB5A7BB9FA7D" blockId="2.[1342,2552,283,2714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DFAEDFB5A744DFB10" bold="true" box="[1346,2054,1183,1216]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||||
The best evidence is that Western Tarsiers live within a solitary-but-social, “noyau” (nucleus or kernel) social system. Females have a nearly exclusive home range that is overlapped by those of one or more males. Direct contact between the sexes is very rare, except for courtship and mating. Population densities have been variously calculated at 80 ind/km? in Sarawak and 15-20 ind/km* in Sabah. The subspecies saltator was estimated to occur at a density of 19-20 ind/km?* at a site on the island of Belitung.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DFAEDFA707A99F67B" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFAEDFA707A99F67B" blockId="2.[1342,2552,283,2714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DFAEDFA707AEFFA06" bold="true" box="[1346,1700,1461,1494]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The Western Tarsier is protected by law in Indonesia and Malaysia. Its principle threats are habitat loss due to forest conversion, especially due to expanding oil palm plantations,fires, and logging, and in some areas, hunting and live capture for the (illegal) pet trade, particularly in southern Sumatra’s Way Kambas National Park and the entire Lampung Province. The Horsfield’s Tarsier occurs in ¢.85,000 km? in southern Sumatra and c.13,400 km* on Bangka, but massive forest loss throughoutits range resulted in its classification as Endangered. The Natuna Islands Tarsier occurs in only ¢.90 km” on the island of Serasan, and its population is assumed to be declining, with forest loss and degradation being the drivers.It is reasonable to expect that these losses are, at least in part, due to the exploitation of the Natuna gas fields. It is classified as Critically Endangered. Although wide-ranging, and believed to have originally occurred throughout the island of Borneo, the Bornean Tarsieris classified as Vulnerable because of the massive forest loss on Borneo, most especially in Kalimantan, since the 1980s, due to logging, land clearing for plantations, and forest fires. It is possible that distinct species or subspecies may yet to be discovered on Borneo, which would reduce the supposed geographic distribution of borneanus and modify its threatened status. The Belitung Tarsier only occurs in 5625 km?* on the island of Belitung, evidently limited to the center ofthe island;it is classified as Endangered. The Horsfield’s Tarsier occurs in three Sumatran national parks: Bukit Barisan Selatan, Kerinci-Seblat, and Way Kambas. The Bornean Tarsier occurs in ten protected areas: Tasek Merimbun Widlife Sanctuary in Brunei; Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya and Kayan Mentarang national parks in Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo; and Bako, Gunung Mulu, and Kinabalu national parks and Danum Valley Conservation Area, Sapagaya, Semengo, and Sepilok forest reserves in Malaysian Borneo. The Belitung and Natuna Islands tarsiers do not occur in any protected areas.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFC9C3DFAEFF67E7BE5F547" pageId="2" pageNumber="238" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFC9C3DFAEFF67E7BE5F547" blockId="2.[1342,2552,283,2714]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFC9C3DFAEFF67E7992F604" bold="true" box="[1344,1497,2491,2516]" pageId="2" pageNumber="238">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||||
Crompton & Andau (1986, 1987), Crompton et al. (1998, 2010), Fogden (1974), Gorog & Sinaga (2008), Groves (2001), Gursky (1997, 1999), Gursky et al. (2008), Haring et al. (1985), Harrison (1962, 1963), Hofer (1979), Izard et al. (1985), Jablonski & Crompton (1994), Niemitz (1973a, 1973b, 1974, 1979a, 1979b, 1983, 1984a, 1984b, 1984d, 1984e), Poorman et al. (1985), Roatch et al. (2011), Roberts (1994), Roberts & Cunningham (1986), Roberts & Kohn (1993), Schmitz et al. (2001, 2002), Van Horn & Eaton (1979), Wright, Izard & Simons (1986), Wright, Toyama & Simons (1986).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
173
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<treatment id="CA4CA666FFFD9C3BFA08F3A07F24F857" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631842" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195833650" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6631842" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA4CA666FFFD9C3BFA08F3A07F24F857" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA4CA666FFFD9C3BFA08F3A07F24F857" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
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<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFA08F3A0798CF343" box="[1447,1479,3173,3219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFA08F3A0798CF343" blockId="3.[1445,2399,3173,3263]" box="[1447,1479,3173,3219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
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<heading id="1912A01CFFFD9C3CFA08F3A0798CF343" box="[1447,1479,3173,3219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DADE0BF5FFFD9C3CFA08F3A0798CF343" box="[1447,1479,3173,3219]" captionStart="Plate 18: Tarsiidae" captionStartId="2.[70,100,3393,3418]" captionTargetBox="[14,2698,15,3629]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Western Tarsier (Cephalopachus bancanus), 2. Philippine Tarsier (Carlito syrichta), 3. Selayar Tarsier (Tarsius tarsier), 4. Makassar Tarsier (Tarsius fuscus), 5. Dian’s Tarsier (Tarsius dentatus), 6. Peleng Tarsier (Tarsius pelengensis), 7. Great Sangihe Tarsier (Tarsius sangirensis), 8. Siau Island Tarsier (Tarsius tumpara), 9. Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier (Tarsius pumalus), 10. Lariang Tarsier (Tarsius lariang), 11. Wallace’s Tarsier (Tarsius wallacei)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631929/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">4.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFA77F3A07B7AF343" box="[1496,1841,3173,3219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="vernacular_names">
|
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<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFA77F3A07B7AF343" blockId="3.[1445,2399,3173,3263]" box="[1496,1841,3173,3219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFD9C3CFA77F3A07B7AF343" box="[1496,1841,3173,3219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFD9C3CFA77F3A07B7AF343" box="[1496,1841,3173,3219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Makassar Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CF8D6F3A0743BF343" box="[1913,2160,3173,3219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CF8D6F3A0743BF343" blockId="3.[1445,2399,3173,3263]" box="[1913,2160,3173,3219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFD9C3CF8D6F3A0743BF343" box="[1913,2160,3173,3219]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CF8D6F3A0743BF343" ID-CoL="7BM5P" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1804" box="[1913,2160,3173,3219]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CF8D6F3A0743BF343" box="[1913,2160,3173,3219]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Tarsius fuscus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFA08F3607514F36A" box="[1447,2399,3237,3258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFA08F3607514F36A" blockId="3.[1445,2399,3173,3263]" box="[1447,2399,3237,3258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFD9C3CFA08F3607514F36A" box="[1447,2399,3237,3258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFA08F36079B8F36A" bold="true" box="[1447,1523,3237,3258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">French:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFD9C3CFA54F3607A8FF36A" box="[1531,1732,3237,3258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Tarsier de Makassar</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CF977F3607B7FF36A" bold="true" box="[1752,1844,3237,3258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">German:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFD9C3CF892F360745DF36A" box="[1853,2070,3237,3258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Makassar-Koboldmaki</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CF783F36074CDF36A" bold="true" box="[2092,2182,3237,3258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFD9C3CF720F3607514F36A" box="[2191,2399,3237,3258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Tarsero de Makassar</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFA09F32D7B8CF2D9" box="[1446,1991,3304,3337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFA09F32D7B8CF2D9" blockId="3.[1444,2648,3304,3464]" box="[1446,1991,3304,3337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFA09F32D7A74F2D9" bold="true" box="[1446,1599,3304,3337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CF9FFF32D7B88F2D9" ID-CoL="7BM5P" authority="Fischer, 1804" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1804" box="[1616,1987,3304,3337]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">Tarsius fuscus Fischer, 1804</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CF87AF32D761EF2E0" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CF87AF32D761EF2E0" blockId="3.[1444,2648,3304,3464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="F28D1D2DFFFD9C3CF87AF32D761EF2E0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3864431301" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Originally said to come from Madagascar. Restricted by C. P. Groves and M. Shekelle in 2010 to Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3BFA0AF2FA788BFDF6" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3BFA0AF2FA788BFDF6" blockId="3.[1444,2648,3304,3464]" lastBlockId="4.[683,1270,282,707]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
With the restriction of 7. tarsier, the senior taxon of the genus, to the island of Selayar, off the tip of the south-western peninsula of Sulawesi, Groves and Shekelle in 2010 resurrected the name
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFA9C3BFBE4FEDF788BFEEB" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1804" box="[1099,1216,282,315]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">7. fuscus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
for the population of tarsiers from the southwestern peninsula near the city of Makassar. Because of the biogeographic history of Sulawesi, its distribution is presumed to be coincident with that of the Moor Macaque (Macaca maura). Monotypic.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFD03FDF07EA0FD4C" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="distribution">
|
||||
<caption id="169A47F8FFFA9C3BFD03FDF07EA0FD4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631907" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6631907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631907/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" targetBox="[71,651,293,699]" targetPageId="4">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFD03FDF07EA0FD4C" blockId="4.[683,1270,282,707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFD03FDF07F10FD9E" bold="true" box="[684,859,565,590]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
SW peninsula of Sulawesi, presumably S of the Lake Tempe Depression.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFD04FD677EA1FC06" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFD04FD677EA1FC06" blockId="4.[683,1270,282,707]" lastBlockId="4.[64,1271,714,1927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFD04FD677FF5FD13" bold="true" box="[683,958,674,707]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||||
Head-body 12.4-12.8 cm, tail 24-26 cm; weight 126-133 g (males) and 113-124 g (females). The Makassar
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFA9C3BFF0CFD347D4FFCC2" box="[163,260,753,786]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is notable for its tufted tail (gradually widening toward the tip). Like other eastern tarsiersit is scaly underneath and covered with dark bristles arranged in rows of three. Pelage is generally rufous brown above and creamy below, and there is a black spot on either side of the snout and a white patch behind each ear. The specific name,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFA9C3BFF0CFC4A7CBCFC60" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1804" box="[163,247,911,944]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscus">fuscus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, might well have been given based upon a direct comparison with the Selayar
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFA9C3BFF00FC7C7D44FC06" box="[175,271,953,982]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(7.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFA9C3BFEE3FC7C7DD5FC06" box="[332,414,953,982]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">tarsier</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), which is notably paler.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFFECFC187852FB12" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFFECFC187852FB12" blockId="4.[64,1271,714,1927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFFECFC187CF9FC2E" bold="true" box="[67,178,989,1022]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||||
A variety of habitats, including primary and secondary tropical forest, thorn scrub, coastal mangrove glades, and montane forest to elevations of ¢.1500 m. Makassar Tarsiers also occur in urban gardens and plantations. Surveys at Bantimurung, near Makassar, have revealed tarsiers living in steep karst hills and sleeping in a matrix of small holes and interconnected tubes in the limestone. This behavior has also been observed on Buton Island, but it has not yet been recorded elsewhere.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFFEDFB0C7FC0FAC1" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="food_feeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFFEDFB0C7FC0FAC1" blockId="4.[64,1271,714,1927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFFEDFB0C7D02FB3A" bold="true" box="[66,329,1225,1258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no specific information available for this species, but the Makassar Tarsier probably eats insects and small vertebrates.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFFEDFAD97FDDFA57" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="breeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFFEDFAD97FDDFA57" blockId="4.[64,1271,714,1927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFFEDFAD97C83FAE9" bold="true" box="[66,200,1308,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
Little specific information exists for this taxon. One pair was kept in captivity for several years. They produced four captive born infants and the gestation period appears to be about the same as that of other known tarsiers.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFFEFFA4B7D9FFA2D" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="activity">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFFEFFA4B7D9FFA2D" blockId="4.[64,1271,714,1927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFFEFFA4B7D67FA7F" bold="true" box="[64,300,1422,1455]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||||
Little specific information exists for this taxon, but as with all other tarsiers the Makassar Tarsier is nocturnal and arboreal. Individuals return to one or more sleeping sites each day.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFFEDF9C17D5DF99B" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFFEDF9C17D5DF99B" blockId="4.[64,1271,714,1927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFFEDF9C17F43F9F5" bold="true" box="[66,776,1540,1573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFFEDF9937D5AF911" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFFEDF9937D5AF911" blockId="4.[64,1271,714,1927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFFEDF9937DEBF9A3" bold="true" box="[66,416,1622,1651]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||||
CITES Appendix II. Its conservation status has not been assessed on The IUCN Red List. The Makassar Tarsier occurs in the Greater Maros Conservation Area.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFA9C3BFFECF9147F24F857" pageId="4" pageNumber="240" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFA9C3BFFECF9147F24F857" blockId="4.[64,1271,714,1927]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFA9C3BFFECF9147C97F93A" bold="true" box="[67,220,1745,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="240">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||||
Callou et al. (2010), Groves (1998, 2001), Groves & Shekelle (2010), Groves, Shekelle & Brandon-Jones et al. (2008), Gursky (1992, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998b, 1998c, 2000a, 2000b, 2000c, 2002a, 2002b, 2002c, 2003a, 2003b, 2005a, 2005b, 2006, 2007a, 2008, 2010, 2012), Gursky-Doyen (2010), MacKinnon & MacKinnon (1980a), Niemitz (1984d), Nietsch (1999, 2003), Nietsch & Kopp (1998), Nietsch & Niemitz (1991, 1993), Shekelle (2003), Shekelle & Leksono (2004), Supriatna et al. (2001).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
169
data/CA/4C/A6/CA4CA666FFFD9C3CFA09FB847BA3F3CD.xml
Normal file
169
data/CA/4C/A6/CA4CA666FFFD9C3CFA09FB847BA3F3CD.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
|
|||
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<mods:titleInfo id="26A667B122741B3E2EACD2B3E1E4F4C8">
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<mods:title id="76641819B5C63273573EF518FD096EC3">Tarsiidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8706C7EC416CD8A8DD8680366300398B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4E749EA72F87DA14A825923703DB8100">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="40900901CD092ED20698AA426E09BEBF">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="437EA2F5E9D7BB0771E824948F1C4C5C">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:dateIssued id="3CF1DE5577E92A44637745020BDFAD4B">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="23592EC0092289B26A814379F8034B30" type="pubDate">2013-03-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="699EC290B055070348FE470D2C39A6A3">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:title id="45D60FE1A6AEF72398AE1D6ADE2A597B">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CA4CA666FFFD9C3CFA09FB847BA3F3CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631838" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195833649" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6631838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA4CA666FFFD9C3CFA09FB847BA3F3CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA4CA666FFFD9C3CFA09FB847BA3F3CD" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
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<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFA09FB84798DFBBF" box="[1446,1478,1089,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFA09FB84798DFBBF" blockId="3.[1443,2326,1089,1217]" box="[1446,1478,1089,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
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<heading id="1912A01CFFFD9C3CFA09FB84798DFBBF" box="[1446,1478,1089,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
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<figureCitation id="DADE0BF5FFFD9C3CFA09FB84798DFBBF" box="[1446,1478,1089,1135]" captionStart="Plate 18: Tarsiidae" captionStartId="2.[70,100,3393,3418]" captionTargetBox="[14,2698,15,3629]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Western Tarsier (Cephalopachus bancanus), 2. Philippine Tarsier (Carlito syrichta), 3. Selayar Tarsier (Tarsius tarsier), 4. Makassar Tarsier (Tarsius fuscus), 5. Dian’s Tarsier (Tarsius dentatus), 6. Peleng Tarsier (Tarsius pelengensis), 7. Great Sangihe Tarsier (Tarsius sangirensis), 8. Siau Island Tarsier (Tarsius tumpara), 9. Sulawesi Mountain Tarsier (Tarsius pumalus), 10. Lariang Tarsier (Tarsius lariang), 11. Wallace’s Tarsier (Tarsius wallacei)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631929/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">3.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFA78FB847B4EFBBF" box="[1495,1797,1089,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFA78FB847B4EFBBF" blockId="3.[1443,2326,1089,1217]" box="[1495,1797,1089,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
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<heading id="1912A01CFFFD9C3CFA78FB847B4EFBBF" box="[1495,1797,1089,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFD9C3CFA78FB847B4EFBBF" box="[1495,1797,1089,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Selayar Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CF893FB8C740EFBBF" box="[1852,2117,1097,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CF893FB8C740EFBBF" blockId="3.[1443,2326,1089,1217]" box="[1852,2117,1097,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFD9C3CF893FB8C740EFBBF" box="[1852,2117,1097,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CF893FB8C740EFBBF" ID-CoL="54XZK" authorityYear="1777" baseAuthorityName="Erxleben" box="[1852,2117,1097,1135]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CF893FB8C740EFBBF" box="[1852,2117,1097,1135]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Tarsius tarsier</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFA0AFB447B75FB6E" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="vernacular_names">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFA0AFB44755DFB46" blockId="3.[1443,2326,1089,1217]" box="[1445,2326,1153,1174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFD9C3CFA0AFB44755DFB46" box="[1445,2326,1153,1174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFA0AFB4479B9FB46" bold="true" box="[1445,1522,1153,1174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">French:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFD9C3CFA55FB447AE0FB46" box="[1530,1707,1153,1174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Tarsier de Selayar</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CF910FB447B51FB46" bold="true" box="[1727,1818,1153,1174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">German:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFD9C3CF88CFB447BAFFB46" box="[1827,2020,1153,1174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Selayar-Koboldmaki</vernacularName>
|
||||
/
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CF855FB44741EFB46" bold="true" box="[2042,2133,1153,1174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFD9C3CF7F2FB44755DFB46" box="[2141,2326,1153,1174]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Tarsero de Selayar</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFA0BFB6C7B75FB6E" blockId="3.[1443,2326,1089,1217]" box="[1444,1854,1193,1214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<heading id="1912A01CFFFD9C3CFA0BFB6C7B75FB6E" box="[1444,1854,1193,1214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFA0BFB6C7AD0FB6E" bold="true" box="[1444,1691,1193,1214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||||
<vernacularName id="CCE6675EFFFD9C3CF90BFB6C7B75FB6E" box="[1700,1854,1193,1214]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Spectral Tarsier</vernacularName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CF7A3FB2E7618FADC" box="[2060,2643,1259,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CF7A3FB2E7618FADC" blockId="3.[2060,2649,1259,1685]" box="[2060,2643,1259,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CF7A3FB2E74ECFADC" bold="true" box="[2060,2215,1259,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CF716FB2E7604FADC" authority="Erxleben, 1777" authorityName="Erxleben" authorityYear="1777" box="[2233,2639,1259,1292]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Lemur" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tarsier">Lemur tarsier Erxleben, 1777</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CF7A3FAD77563FA7A" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CF7A3FAD77563FA7A" blockId="3.[2060,2649,1259,1685]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="F28D1D2DFFFD9C3CF7A3FAD77563FA7A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3805310311" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Type locality restricted to the island of Selayar off the south-western peninsula of Sulawesi, Indonesia, by C. P. Groves and M. Shekelle in 2010.</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CF7A3FA6A753DFA00" box="[2060,2422,1455,1488]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CF7A3FA6A753DFA00" blockId="3.[2060,2649,1259,1685]" box="[2060,2422,1455,1488]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CF7A3FA1274ABF96D" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="distribution">
|
||||
<caption id="169A47F8FFFD9C3CF7A3FA1274ABF96D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631905" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6631905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631905/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" targetBox="[1447,2028,1271,1678]" targetPageId="3">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CF7A3FA1274ABF96D" blockId="3.[2060,2649,1259,1685]" lastBlockId="3.[1444,2651,1692,3101]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CF7A3FA1274F7FA28" bold="true" box="[2060,2236,1495,1528]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||||
Selayar I, off the tip of the SW peninsula of Sulawesi. A specimen of “
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFD9C3CF7B7F9EC74E4F996" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[2072,2223,1577,1606]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" genus="Tarsius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spectrum">T. spectrum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
” was reported by F. Jentink in 1890 from Sawu I (between Sumba and Timor) but based on the historical distribution of tarsiers,this is probably an incorrect provenance.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFA0BF9067AD8F827" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFA0BF9067AD8F827" blockId="3.[1444,2651,1692,3101]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFA0BF9067AD5F934" bold="true" box="[1444,1694,1731,1764]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||||
Head-body 12-14 cm (one adult male and one adult female), tail 23-26 cm (one adult male and one adult female); weight 103 g (male) and 98 g (female). The Selayar Tarsier is similar in size to or a little smaller than the Makassar Tarsier (71. fuscus). Pelage of the Selayar Tarsier is grayer than mainland Sulawesi taxa. Its thighs are the same color as body. The black paranasal spot is conspicuous, especially over the nose itself, and there is a conspicuous zone of white or buffy hair on the sides of the upper lip. The tail tuft is short, rather sparse, and not black. It has a distinct duet call.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFA0AF7C37BD6F745" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFA0AF7C37BD6F745" blockId="3.[1444,2651,1692,3101]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFA0AF7C37A58F7CF" bold="true" box="[1445,1555,2054,2079]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||||
Selayar Island lacks tall mountains, and tarsiers can be found from sea level to the highest hills. The bedrock is mostly uplifted coral, leading to thin poor soil and sparse vegetation. The Selayar Tarsier occurs mostly in degraded and secondary growth patches and farmland scrub.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFA0AF7667AA4F6DB" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="food_feeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFA0AF7667AA4F6DB" blockId="3.[1444,2651,1692,3101]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFA0AF7667AE5F76C" bold="true" box="[1445,1710,2211,2236]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
Little specific data exists for this taxon, but as with other tarsiers the Selayar Tarsier presumably eats mainly insects, along with some small vertebrates such as lizards and bats.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFA0AF6D47BAEF651" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="breeding">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFA0AF6D47BAEF651" blockId="3.[1444,2651,1692,3101]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFA0AF6D47A60F6E2" bold="true" box="[1445,1579,2321,2354]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no specific information available for this species, but a family captured in late September had two juveniles, 73 g and 75 g, respectively, indicating they were born a few months prior to capture.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFA0BF6427BA8F61F" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="activity">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFA0BF6427BA8F61F" blockId="3.[1444,2651,1692,3101]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFA0BF6427ADAF678" bold="true" box="[1444,1681,2439,2472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||||
There is no specific information available for this species, but the Selayar Tarsier is nocturnal and arboreal.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFA0AF61C7673F56B" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="biology_ecology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFA0AF61C7673F56B" blockId="3.[1444,2651,1692,3101]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFA0AF61C742DF626" bold="true" box="[1445,2150,2521,2550]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||||
There islittle specific information available for this species. One trapped family consisted of an adult male, an adult female, a subadult female, two juveniles, and one or more animals that escaped capture. By comparison with othertarsiers, the Selayar Tarsier probably lives in small monogamous or polygamous family groups. Their ranging behavior has never been studied, but the home range size is probably similar to that of other lowland eastern tarsiers.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFA09F504749AF41E" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="conservation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFA09F504749AF41E" blockId="3.[1444,2651,1692,3101]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFA09F5047B43F532" bold="true" box="[1446,1800,2753,2786]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. However, the last IUCN assessment considered all Sulawesi tarsiers that had not been attributed to other species, and the Selayar Tarsier is now known to be restricted to Selayar Island, with total area of occurrence of ¢.820 km? (the entire island). Selayar is a proposed site for a large oil refinery, most of the forest there has been modified or lost, and there are no protected areas. As such, it may be necessary to change their conservation status to Critically Endangered.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFD9C3CFA08F4187BA3F3CD" pageId="3" pageNumber="239" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||||
<paragraph id="425A1770FFFD9C3CFA08F4187BA3F3CD" blockId="3.[1444,2651,1692,3101]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7091CB62FFFD9C3CFA08F4187A0BF426" bold="true" box="[1447,1600,3037,3062]" pageId="3" pageNumber="239">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||||
Burton & Nietsch (2010), Groves (1998, 2001), Groves & Shekelle (2010), Gursky et al. (2008), Hill (1953a), Shekelle (2008b), Supriatna et al. (2001).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
72
data/CA/4C/A6/CA4CA666FFFE9C3FFDD1FD897BE2FAA1.xml
Normal file
72
data/CA/4C/A6/CA4CA666FFFE9C3FFDD1FD897BE2FAA1.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
|
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<mods:title id="6EBAC7293BAF01B2A087B36ABD074FC2">Tarsiidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ED970F6A9B54791171668606ED211253">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D5512F30CBBC8B4A5F3616540B9D0210">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4188B0E179ACFB09C5F74AC2F6E861D4">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="85E56CF3FFFE9C3FFCCEFD897891FD7C" ID-CoL="GXL" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" box="[865,1242,588,684]" class="Mammalia" family="Tarsiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="0" pageNumber="236" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">TARSIIDAE</taxonomicName>
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||||
(TARSIERS)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0AFF44FBFFFE9C3FFB67FCC07BE2FAA1" pageId="0" pageNumber="236" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="425A1770FFFE9C3FFB67FCC0745BFC49" blockId="0.[1224,2101,773,921]" pageId="0" pageNumber="236">• Small prosimians with elongated hindlimbs, broad, rounded head, reduced snout, dry, furry nose, very large, forward-facing eyes, long, slender digits tipped with soft, rounded pads, and long, fleshy, rat-like tail.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="169A47F8FFFE9C3FFB68FC697937FC6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631895" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6631895" box="[1223,1404,934,955]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631895/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="236" startId="0.[1223,1237,940,954]" targetBox="[1430,1811,967,1156]" targetPageId="0">
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<paragraph id="425A1770FFFE9C3FFB68FC697937FC6B" blockId="0.[1223,1404,934,955]" box="[1223,1404,934,955]" pageId="0" pageNumber="236">• 30-40 cm.</paragraph>
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||||
</caption>
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<caption id="169A47F8FFFE9C3FFB67FB4E7A71FB7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6631897" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6631897" box="[1224,1594,1163,1196]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6631897/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="236" startId="0.[1224,1237,1163,1196]" targetBox="[216,1151,778,1394]" targetPageId="0">
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<paragraph id="425A1770FFFE9C3FFB67FB4E7A71FB7C" blockId="0.[1224,2101,1163,1393]" box="[1224,1594,1163,1196]" pageId="0" pageNumber="236">• Indo-Malayan Region.</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="425A1770FFFE9C3FFB67FB727982FB2A" blockId="0.[1224,2101,1163,1393]" pageId="0" pageNumber="236">• Humid lowland, montane, bamboo, secondary, and degraded forests.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="425A1770FFFE9C3FFB67FAC47AEBFAF2" blockId="0.[1224,2101,1163,1393]" box="[1224,1696,1281,1314]" pageId="0" pageNumber="236">• 3 genera, 11 species, 16 taxa.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="425A1770FFFE9C3FFB67FAED7BE2FAA1" blockId="0.[1224,2101,1163,1393]" pageId="0" pageNumber="236">• | species Critically Endangered, 2 species Endangered, 3 species Vulnerable; none Extinct since 1600.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document>
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76
data/CA/4C/B0/CA4CB05C694E5DA8BDA9F7EA1463245B.xml
Normal file
76
data/CA/4C/B0/CA4CB05C694E5DA8BDA9F7EA1463245B.xml
Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.82.13542" ID-PMC="PMC5546391" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-82-73" ID-Pensoft-UUID="3433E24DC048FFE06A5CFFF08905FFFB" ID-PubMed="28794683" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138117" ModsDocID="1314-2003-82-73" checkinTime="1502745020526" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jahn, Regine, Kusber, Wolf-Henning & Cocquyt, Christine" docDate="2017" docId="CA4CB05C694E5DA8BDA9F7EA1463245B" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 82: 73-112" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 82" docPubDate="2017-07-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.82.13542" docTitle="Iconella dodowaensis (Foged) Cocquyt & R. Jahn 2017, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="3433E24DC048FFE06A5CFFF08905FFFB" lastPageNumber="81" masterDocId="3433E24DC048FFE06A5CFFF08905FFFB" masterDocTitle="Differentiating Iconella from Surirella (Bacillariophyceae): typifying four Ehrenberg names and a preliminary checklist of the African taxa" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="73" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1668142011349" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:namePart>Jahn, Regine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">r.jahn@bgbm.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart>Cocquyt, Christine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, 1680, Meise, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182226009" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA4CB05C694E5DA8BDA9F7EA1463245B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA4CB05C694E5DA8BDA9F7EA1463245B" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName LSID="CA4CB05C-694E-5DA8-BDA9-F7EA1463245B" authority="(Foged) Cocquyt & R. Jahn" authorityName="(Foged) Cocquyt & R. Jahn" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Foged" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Surirellaceae" genus="Iconella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Iconella dodowaensis" order="Surirellales" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="dodowaensis" status="comb. nov.">Iconella dodowaensis (Foged) Cocquyt & R. Jahn</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="8" pageNumber="81">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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|
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="81" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">
|
||||
≡
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jahn & Kusber & Cocquyt" authorityYear="2017" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Surirellaceae" genus="Surirella" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Surirella dodowaensis" order="Surirellales" pageId="8" pageNumber="81" phylum="Bacillariophyta" rank="species" species="dodowaensis" status="comb. nov.">Surirella dodowaensis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Foged in Biol. Skr. 15 (1): 124, 151, pl. 25: fig. 6. 1966.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">C Ghana 151/1961 "Southeast Ghana. Fresh water (a river near the village Dodowa, Loc. No. 62). 1.III.1961".</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="81">http://phycobank.org/100051</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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