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<document id="6860F9A3846F2B4420B706BA2BE5344E" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad088" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240366" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1716362034511" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Knecht, Richard J., Benner, Jacob S., Dunlop, Jason A. & Renczkowski, Mark D." docDate="2024" docId="03F7605216261D587C63E77D92647615" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad088.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200 (3)" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/7ea5a79f-0d02-3723-9e57-ddee455df19e/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.6:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Inmontibusichnus Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski 2024, igen.nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="698" masterDocId="FFCE182A162E1D507D4DE27A961F703E" masterDocTitle="The largest Palaeozoic whip scorpion and the smallest (Arachnida: Uropygi: Thelyphonida); a new species and a new ichnospecies from the Carboniferous of New England, USA" masterLastPageNumber="704" masterPageNumber="690" pageNumber="698" updateTime="1727967750432" updateUser="guilherme">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B994FA15C9D978AEBF908075A35CF3E3">
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<mods:title id="3EB1BB8AA3E9F80890FE685335A41AD1">The largest Palaeozoic whip scorpion and the smallest (Arachnida: Uropygi: Thelyphonida); a new species and a new ichnospecies from the Carboniferous of New England, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="28677F83BF7433A5D2C5BAC672FE598F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E2CC08C63F4FE49FFCC9104EE03F590B">Knecht, Richard J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F4A3E66E50B7E415CF1F36AA02DC7FBD">Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA & Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B743B84768E8C3E70392F1B2F0CB39F0" type="email">rknecht@fas.harvard.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="8290FC5D3FEF1AF88CAEA0714691E25D">Benner, Jacob S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="63CDA492556FDBC13EB50E84C3318071">Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DBD34D35D9B91598AF5ED1C6BFFC9AF7">Dunlop, Jason A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="210D00F2DEE41CAB5B881652A8279937">Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse. 43, D- 10115 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C91674950D75C85F461CAC9A23C6B939">Renczkowski, Mark D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7CEB361568DFA90F912252599555F3BF">Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="420F7B124906A81977432829955F0747">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BF240CF7F68DC27B37BADAE0381DCDA1">
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<mods:date id="D3B94D1001E17F25B8D394DF1A182BF3">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2F135978EC0E5C592B3D050FB03EC66A">2023-08-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="138513639AD11BB62466ACEADE7C45B4">200</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="76C46C3A04A785833B1BD7F66CDCF062">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7270DA655605F4A377F91D88C9327686" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad088</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3310F3DAFE665127C39DDF2E2357A401" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F7605216261D587C63E77D92647615" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F7605216261D587C63E77D92647615" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F7605216261D587C63E77D92647615" lastPageNumber="698" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">
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<subSubSection id="C34482CF16261D587C63E77D9420751F" box="[302,575,1287,1313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE1D14416261D587C63E77D9420751F" blockId="8.[302,575,1287,1313]" box="[302,575,1287,1313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">
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<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587C63E77D9420751F" box="[302,575,1287,1313]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716261D587C63E77D97F9751F" authority="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski, 2024" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[302,486,1287,1313]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Inmontibusichnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Inmontibusichnus</taxonomicName>
|
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219B02D16261D587CA6E7729420751F" box="[491,575,1288,1313]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" rank="genus">igen.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34482CF16261D587C33E74E97F17570" box="[382,494,1332,1358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE1D14416261D587C33E74E97F17570" blockId="8.[382,494,1332,1358]" box="[382,494,1332,1358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">
|
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<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587C33E74E97F17570" box="[382,494,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">Ichnospecies</emphasis>
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF16261D587D81E71A94BE7544" box="[204,673,1376,1402]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416261D587D81E71A94BE7544" blockId="8.[204,673,1376,1402]" box="[204,673,1376,1402]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587D81E71A94BE7544" box="[204,673,1376,1402]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716261D587D81E71A944B7544" authority="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski, 2024" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[204,596,1376,1402]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Inmontibusichnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charleshenryturneri" status="sp. nov.">Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219B02D16261D587F14E71B94BE7544" box="[601,673,1377,1402]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" rank="species">isp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF16261D587D3CE7E596F9766D" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416261D587D3CE7E596F9766D" blockId="8.[113,762,1438,1619]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587D3CE7E596C87588" box="[113,215,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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||||
Isolated, bilaterally symmetrical, epichnial trace with an elongate posterior impression, ovate-round in outline with a thin, elongate, singular, median impression extending posteriorly and four pairs (or evidence thereof) of laterally-projecting, anterior appendage imprints that obliquely diverge from the central axis
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||||
</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF16261D587D3CE407948576ED" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416261D587D3CE407948576ED" blockId="8.[113,762,1661,1747]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">
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||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587D3CE407974376AB" box="[113,348,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">Etymology: In Montibus</emphasis>
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(Latin), among mountains. The name refers to the intermontane and upland depositional setting of the site and formation from which the fossil was collected.
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</paragraph>
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||||
</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF16261D587D3CE57B92647615" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" type="discussion">
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||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416261D587D3CE57B92647615" blockId="8.[113,763,1792,1973]" lastBlockId="8.[810,1460,1242,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">
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||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587D3CE57B97827726" box="[113,413,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">
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Discussion:
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<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716261D587DA0E57A97827726" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[237,413,1792,1816]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Inmontibusichnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Inmontibusichnus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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is a monospecific ichnogenus. It is distinguished from similar ichnogenera
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<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716261D587F14E56594E57709" authorityName="Mángano, Buatois, Maples & Lanier" authorityYear="1997" box="[601,762,1823,1847]" genus="Tonganoxichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587F14E56594E57709" box="[601,762,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">Tonganoxichnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516261D587D30E54597647769" author="Mangano MG & Buatois LA & Maples CG" box="[125,379,1855,1879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" pagination="113 - 25" refId="ref10502" refString="Mangano MG, Buatois LA, Maples CG et al. Tonganoxichnus a new insect trace from the Upper Carboniferous of eastern Kansas. Lethaia 1997; 30: 113 - 25." type="journal article" year="1997">
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||||
Mángano
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<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587DB9E545972D7769" box="[244,306,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">et al.</emphasis>
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1997
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||||
</bibRefCitation>
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||||
;
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<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587CDAE54597F17769" box="[407,494,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">emended</emphasis>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516261D587F4FE54594F67768" author="Benner JS & Knecht RJ & Engel MS" box="[514,745,1854,1879]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" pagination="31 - 43" refId="ref9327" refString="Benner JS, Knecht RJ, Engel MS. Tonganoxichnus: a revision of the ichnogenus with new material from Massachusetts. In: McIlroy D (ed.), Ichnology: Papers from Ichnia III. Geological Association of Canada, Miscellaneous Publication, v. 9. Newfoundland: Geological Association of Canada Press, 2015; pp. 31 - 43." type="book chapter" year="2015">
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Benner
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||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587F2FE54594BE7769" box="[610,673,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">et al.</emphasis>
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||||
2015
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||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587D3CE524972D7748" box="[113,306,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">Narragansettichnus</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516261D587C06E52494117748" author="Getty P & Sproule R & Stimson M" box="[331,526,1886,1910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" pagination="185 - 206" refId="ref10082" refString="Getty P, Sproule R, Stimson M et al. Invertebrate trace fossils from the Pennsylvanian Rhode Island Formation of Massachusetts, USA. Atlantic Geology 2017; 53: 185 - 206." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||||
Getty
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<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587CD9E52597D37748" box="[404,460,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">et al.</emphasis>
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2017
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||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716261D587F2FE524979577AB" authority="(Braddy and Briggs 2002)" baseAuthorityName="Braddy and Briggs" baseAuthorityYear="2002" genus="Hedriumichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587F2FE52494E47748" box="[610,763,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">Hedriumichnus</emphasis>
|
||||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516261D587D31E507976077AB" author="Braddy SJ & Briggs DE" box="[124,383,1917,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" pagination="546 - 57" refId="ref9393" refString="Braddy SJ, Briggs DE. New lower Permian nonmarine arthropod trace fossils from New Mexico and South Africa. Journal of Paleontology 2002; 76: 546 - 57." type="journal article" year="2002">Braddy and Briggs 2002</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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by the number of paired, laterally oriented, anterior appendage imprints; four in
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<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716261D587F07E5E794E5778B" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[586,762,1949,1973]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Inmontibusichnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587F07E5E794E5778B" box="[586,762,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">Inmontibusichnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and three in all of the other aforementioned ichnogenera.
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<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716261D587E67E68095C5752C" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[810,986,1274,1298]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Inmontibusichnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587E67E68095C5752C" box="[810,986,1274,1298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">Inmontibusichnus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also differs from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716261D5879FDE6809593750F" authority="(Lucas et al. 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Lucas" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Arachnida" genus="Alacranichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D5879FDE6809321752C" box="[1200,1342,1274,1298]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">Alacranichnus</emphasis>
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||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516261D58781AE680959F750F" author="Lucas SG & Lerner AJ & Voigt S" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" pagination="195 - 201" refId="ref10363" refString="Lucas SG, Lerner AJ, Voigt S. Scorpionid resting trace from the Lower Permian of southern New Mexico, USA.. Ichnos 2013; 20: 195 - 201." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||||
Lucas
|
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<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D5878EFE680955C750F" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">et al.</emphasis>
|
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2013
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
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, an arthropod cubichnium, in that it is not associated with
|
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<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587ED5E74395C3756E" box="[920,988,1337,1360]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">Stiaria</emphasis>
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||||
nor does it have a curved posterior, which are defining characters of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587904E72292C2754E" box="[1097,1245,1368,1392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716261D587904E72292C6754E" box="[1097,1241,1368,1392]" class="Arachnida" genus="Alacranichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Alacranichnus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Another arthropod resting trace,
|
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<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587EF9E70D924875B1" box="[948,1111,1399,1423]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">Cheliceratichnus</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516261D587925E70D937B75B1" author="Dalman SG & Lucas SG" box="[1128,1380,1399,1423]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" pagination="177 - 82" refId="ref9612" refString="Dalman SG, Lucas SG. Lower Jurassic arthropod resting trace from the Hartford Basin of Massachusetts, USA. Ichnos 2015; 22: 177 - 82." type="journal article" year="2015">Dalman and Lucas 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), interpreted as the full-body impression of a chelicerate arthropod, is partially defined by having a large rounded anterior segment with two pointed, anteriorly-projecting impressions separated by an indentation, characters radically different than those at the anterior of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716261D587E88E46E926A7612" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[965,1141,1556,1580]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Inmontibusichnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587E88E46E926A7612" box="[965,1141,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">Inmontibusichnus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
394
data/03/F7/60/03F7605216261D5C7EC8E425942C75B3.xml
Normal file
394
data/03/F7/60/03F7605216261D5C7EC8E425942C75B3.xml
Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
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<mods:title id="9E00326E81719E10977B6CE4B499AFB2">The largest Palaeozoic whip scorpion and the smallest (Arachnida: Uropygi: Thelyphonida); a new species and a new ichnospecies from the Carboniferous of New England, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2540A381A160B64C44C4EE563A2816BD">Knecht, Richard J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6992AA9BD0855F1881710D566011DC88">Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA & Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4F9E0E7F0158F469134E98DD35BCFD58" type="email">rknecht@fas.harvard.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DB599F78EA7963E709BD96BDC7A85DDC">Benner, Jacob S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9B6D96BCB5BC3787C3678A9769C1494A">Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DA49EEE691751A760C57D8D2B79A196E">Dunlop, Jason A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3D86FE7DB044523485AF99D56AA08CD6">Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse. 43, D- 10115 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="69723EA47E6BE530209E2F93214F7C13">Renczkowski, Mark D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7880BF4B92FED5E7C8B4F234C636A036">Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="4079DF530E7D564BEF224915F3B89617">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BD25B248317E6B61D8D9920D014578AB">2023-08-11</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C34482CF16261D587EC8E42593457646" box="[901,1370,1631,1657]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE1D14416261D587EC8E42593457646" blockId="8.[901,1370,1631,1657]" box="[901,1370,1631,1657]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">
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<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587EC8E42593457646" box="[901,1370,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716261D587EC8E42593127647" authority="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski, 2024" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[901,1293,1631,1657]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Inmontibusichnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charleshenryturneri" status="sp. nov.">Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219B02D16261D58785CE42593457646" box="[1297,1370,1631,1656]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" rank="species">isp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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|
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<subSubSection id="C34482CF16261D58797BE4F492B87696" box="[1078,1191,1678,1704]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE1D14416261D58797BE4F492B87696" blockId="8.[1078,1191,1678,1704]" box="[1078,1191,1678,1704]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">
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<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D58797BE4F492B87696" box="[1078,1191,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">
|
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(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116261D58790CE4F592837696" box="[1089,1180,1678,1704]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[140,1461,147,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[137,1465,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. The holotype of Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri igen.nov., isp. nov. (MCZ:IP:198045a,b).A thelyphonid full-body impression preserved as the mould (Fig.7A; concave epirelief) and cast (Fig. 7B; convex hyporelief) of an epichnial depression representing the ventral views of the tracemaker and their corresponding line drawings (Fig.7A1,Fig. 7B1). Image in Figure 7B, 7B1 has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 7A,7A1. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and Methods section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240382/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">Fig.7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C34482CF16261D5A7E67E4C594BA7391" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="700" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE1D14416261D587E67E4C5927E7728" blockId="8.[810,1459,1727,1814]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587E67E4C5959976E9" box="[810,902,1727,1751]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">Material:</emphasis>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B36DB1916261D587EC6E4C5927E7728" collectionCode="MCZ" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E56FE616261D587EC6E4C595F176E9" box="[907,1006,1727,1751]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(part and counterpart) and only known specimen,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4F498116261D587E3BE4A495AA76C8" box="[886,949,1758,1782]" collectionName="USA, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||||
:IP:198045(a, b) preserved as a full-body impression (trace fossil) on red shale.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416261D587E67E54795C8778C" blockId="8.[810,1459,1852,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587E67E54795E0776A" box="[810,1023,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">Horizon and locality:</emphasis>
|
||||
The
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E56FE616261D587975E5479279776B" box="[1080,1126,1853,1877]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">type</typeStatus>
|
||||
specimen comes from the
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B854B3E16261D5878CBE54795A1774A" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">Late Carboniferous</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
(Mid-Bashkirian)
|
||||
<location id="8E81879F16261D5879D3E5269397774A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F7605216261D5C7EC8E425942C75B3:8E81879F16261D5879D3E5269397774A" box="[1182,1416,1884,1908]" municipality="Late Carboniferous" name="Wamsutta Formation" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" stateProvince="Massachusetts">Wamsutta Formation</location>
|
||||
of south-eastern
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499A1FA616261D587EF3E501924C77AD" box="[958,1107,1915,1939]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, [
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116261D587924E50192BB77AD" box="[1129,1188,1915,1939]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[129,194,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[131,1470,146,1670]" captionTargetId="figure-97@3.[129,1473,144,1673]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Map indicating extent of Late Carboniferous sedimentary deposits in the region of interest (grey) with major cities indicated and comprising portions of south-eastern Massachusetts and eastern Rhode Island.Star at approximate location of recovered fossils thelyphonids. Basemap provided by ESRI; geological units merged from USGS state geologic map compilation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240372" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240372/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
, see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516261D587996E50193AC77AD" author="Knecht RJ & Engel MS & Benner JS" box="[1243,1459,1915,1939]" pageId="8" pageNumber="698" pagination="6515 - 9" refId="ref10223" refString="Knecht RJ, Engel MS, Benner JS. Late Carboniferous paleoichnology reveals the oldest full-body impression of a flying insect. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2011; 108: 6515 - 9." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||||
Knecht
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616261D587862E506937E77AD" box="[1327,1377,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="698">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2011)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
for background].
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2181CC16271D597DCCE5569702778A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240382" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240382/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="699" startId="9.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[140,1461,147,1804]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BE1D14416271D597DCCE5569702778A" blockId="9.[129,1455,1836,1972]" pageId="9" pageNumber="699">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616271D597DCCE55696C7777A" bold="true" box="[129,216,1836,1860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="699">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
The holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716271D597C35E55694D5777A" authority="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski, 2024" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[376,714,1836,1860]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Inmontibusichnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="9" pageNumber="699" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charleshenryturneri" status="igen. nov., isp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616271D597C35E55694D5777A" box="[376,714,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="699">Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219B02D16271D597F82E5569560777D" box="[719,895,1836,1860]" pageId="9" pageNumber="699" rank="species">igen. nov., isp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(MCZ:IP:198045a,b). A thelyphonid full-body impression preserved as the mould (Fig. 7A; concave epirelief) and cast (Fig. 7B; convex hyporelief) of an epichnial depression representing the ventral views of the tracemaker and their corresponding line drawings (Fig. 7A
|
||||
<superScript id="7C2B7C0C16271D597E51E519953C774F" attach="left" box="[796,803,1891,1905]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="699">1</superScript>
|
||||
,Fig. 7B
|
||||
<superScript id="7C2B7C0C16271D597E27E519956E774F" attach="left" box="[874,881,1891,1905]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="699">1</superScript>
|
||||
). Image in Figure 7B, 7B
|
||||
<superScript id="7C2B7C0C16271D597911E519927C774F" attach="left" box="[1116,1123,1891,1905]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="699">1</superScript>
|
||||
has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 7A,7A
|
||||
<superScript id="7C2B7C0C16271D597FC6E505948D77B3" attach="left" box="[651,658,1919,1933]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="699">1</superScript>
|
||||
. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616271D597840E5FA96D0778A" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="699">Material and Methods</emphasis>
|
||||
section.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2181CC16241D5A7D3CE09195D07366" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240386" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240386/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="700" startId="10.[113,178,747,771]" targetBox="[117,1455,147,718]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BE1D14416241D5A7D3CE09195D07366" blockId="10.[113,1459,747,856]" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616241D5A7D3CE09196D6733A" bold="true" box="[113,201,747,772]" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||||
Tracks associated with the body impression. Left: photo of slab whitened and greyscale inverted to accentuate tracks. Inset is magnified view of best series of wedge-like tracks, some with bifid extensions. Right: same field of view as left photograph with all tracks likely associated with body impression highlighted in red. Inset is sketch after
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516241D5A7E5FE15E92327302" author="Gallant J & Hochberg R" box="[786,1069,804,828]" pageId="10" pageNumber="700" pagination="345 - 59" refId="ref10012" refString="Gallant J, Hochberg R. Elemental characterization of the exoskeleton in the whipscorpions Mastigoproctus giganteus and Typopeltis dalyi (Arachnida: Thelyphonida). Invertebrate Biology 2017; 136: 345 - 59." type="journal article" year="2017">Gallant and Hochberg (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
SEM image of a thelyphonid tarsus (sans setae) highlighting two major claws and one minor claw (black scale bar in inset = 200
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616241D5A7EEFE13A95A07369" box="[930,959,832,855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">μm</emphasis>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416241D5A7D3CE1E294BA7391" blockId="10.[113,677,920,944]" box="[113,677,920,944]" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616241D5A7D3CE1E296CF738E" box="[113,208,920,944]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">Collector:</emphasis>
|
||||
This specimen was collected by author R.J.K..
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF16241D5A7D3CE1AC94EF76A1" pageId="10" pageNumber="700" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416241D5A7D3CE1AC94EF76A1" blockId="10.[113,763,982,1695]" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616241D5A7D3CE1AC96FE73D0" box="[113,225,982,1006]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||||
This species is named in honour of the late African American zoologist Charles Henry Turner (1867–1923), best known for his work as an early pioneer in the field of social insect behaviour. Dr Turner earned a B.S. (1891) and a M.S. (1892) in Biology from the University of Cincinnati and was the first African American to earn a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1907 (magna cum laude, Zoology). Dr Turner faced numerous obstacles due to racism, including restrictions and access to laboratories and research libraries, not being allowed to have students at the undergraduate or graduate level, limited academic employment opportunities, and low pay. Despite the many challenges, he managed to publish more than 70 papers including three in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616241D5A7C61E734976E755B" box="[300,369,1358,1381]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">Science</emphasis>
|
||||
(the first African American to be published in this journal). He was also a leader and voice in the civil rights movement in St. Louis,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499A1FA616241D5A7CE0E7F79415759B" box="[429,522,1421,1445]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">Missouri</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, first publishing on the issue in 1897. He strongly believed that education was the key to eliminating racism and through his studies in comparative psychology and behaviour he identified two forms of racism: unconditioned response to the unfamiliar and learned or imitated behaviour. Despite a young death at the age of 56, exactly a century ago, Dr Charles Henry Turner had made many significant contributions in his lifetime, all while facing the hardships of racism and for this we name this new ichnospecies in his honour.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF16241D5A7D3CE4CD94517733" pageId="10" pageNumber="700" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416241D5A7D3CE4CD94517733" blockId="10.[113,762,1719,1805]" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616241D5A7D3CE4CD979276F1" box="[113,397,1719,1743]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">
|
||||
Diagnosis:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716241D5A7DACE4CD979276F1" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[225,397,1719,1743]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Inmontibusichnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="10" pageNumber="700" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Inmontibusichnus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
with an additional pair of robust, anteriorly-projecting appendage impressions that emerge from the anterior end of the larger, main impression.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF16241D5B7D3CE5519200742B" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="701" pageId="10" pageNumber="700" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416241D5A7D3CE551928F7536" blockId="10.[113,762,1834,1983]" lastBlockId="10.[810,1459,919,1983]" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616241D5A7D3CE55196F7777C" box="[113,232,1835,1858]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">Description:</emphasis>
|
||||
The specimen is on a ~1-cm thick slab of red, fine sandstone with thin shale drapes (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116241D5A7C98E5339424775F" box="[469,571,1865,1890]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[140,1461,147,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[137,1465,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. The holotype of Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri igen.nov., isp. nov. (MCZ:IP:198045a,b).A thelyphonid full-body impression preserved as the mould (Fig.7A; concave epirelief) and cast (Fig. 7B; convex hyporelief) of an epichnial depression representing the ventral views of the tracemaker and their corresponding line drawings (Fig.7A1,Fig. 7B1). Image in Figure 7B, 7B1 has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 7A,7A1. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and Methods section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240382/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The trace is preserved as a negative epirelief and a corresponding positive hyporelief and is bilaterally symmetrical overall and
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116241D5A7FD6E5F294E577A1" box="[667,762,1928,1952]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" pageId="10" pageNumber="700" unit="mm" value="15.6">15.6 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in total length [including anteriormost impressions and telson;
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116241D5A7E67E1ED95977391" box="[810,904,919,943]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.59" pageId="10" pageNumber="700" unit="mm" value="9.59">9.59 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in total length of prosoma and opisthosoma regions (excluding telson)]. It is divided into two main sections longitudinally that are equivalent to the tagmata of the arachnida body plan, i.e. cephalothorax (=prosoma) and opisthosoma (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116241D5A782FE18F95277412" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[140,1461,147,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[137,1465,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. The holotype of Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri igen.nov., isp. nov. (MCZ:IP:198045a,b).A thelyphonid full-body impression preserved as the mould (Fig.7A; concave epirelief) and cast (Fig. 7B; convex hyporelief) of an epichnial depression representing the ventral views of the tracemaker and their corresponding line drawings (Fig.7A1,Fig. 7B1). Image in Figure 7B, 7B1 has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 7A,7A1. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and Methods section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240382/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Most anteriorly, there is a set of anterior appendage imprints (~7.0 mm in total length), representing the pedipalps of the tracemaker, oriented at ~45° from the midline of the impression (~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116241D5A7E0DE608958A74B4" box="[832,917,1138,1162]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="700" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in length) before sharply turning towards the midline at a perpendicular angle (~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116241D5A7924E6E892A47497" box="[1129,1211,1170,1194]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="700" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in length). Between the anterior appendage impression is a thin horizontal impression, ~2.0 mm in length likely representing the coxae of the two pedipalps including endite impressions.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416241D5B7E08E76E97307240" blockId="10.[810,1459,919,1983]" lastBlockId="11.[129,779,144,1358]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="701" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">
|
||||
The cephalothorax region is
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116241D5A79C2E76E92EB7512" box="[1167,1268,1300,1324]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.61" pageId="10" pageNumber="700" unit="mm" value="4.61">4.61 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in length (from anteriormost pedipalp coxae impression to anteriormost impression of the opisthosoma). Along the length of this tagma, four narrow impressions diverge and taper distally, representing impressions of the coxae. The first coxa impression (~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116241D5A7E0DE7CB95BB75F7" box="[832,932,1457,1481]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="700" unit="mm" value="0.53">0.53 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in length, ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116241D5A796AE7CB929775F7" box="[1063,1160,1457,1481]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="700" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
|
||||
at greatest width), which is the thinnest of all the coxae impressions, is only present on the left side of the trace and is directed anteriorly. The first coxa also has a significant portion of the leg impression preserved, including the trochanter, femur, and part of the patella (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116241D5A783CE45493B47678" box="[1393,1451,1582,1606]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[140,1461,147,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[137,1465,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. The holotype of Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri igen.nov., isp. nov. (MCZ:IP:198045a,b).A thelyphonid full-body impression preserved as the mould (Fig.7A; concave epirelief) and cast (Fig. 7B; convex hyporelief) of an epichnial depression representing the ventral views of the tracemaker and their corresponding line drawings (Fig.7A1,Fig. 7B1). Image in Figure 7B, 7B1 has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 7A,7A1. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and Methods section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240382/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||||
: I) in epirelief (MCZ:IP:198045a) but appears to be fully preserved in hyporelief on the counterpart (MCZ:IP:198045b). This is interpreted as the non-walking, antenniform leg of the thelyphonid tracemaker. Movement of this first leg is seen in
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116241D5A7E67E4B195A576DD" box="[810,954,1739,1763]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[140,1461,147,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[137,1465,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. The holotype of Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri igen.nov., isp. nov. (MCZ:IP:198045a,b).A thelyphonid full-body impression preserved as the mould (Fig.7A; concave epirelief) and cast (Fig. 7B; convex hyporelief) of an epichnial depression representing the ventral views of the tracemaker and their corresponding line drawings (Fig.7A1,Fig. 7B1). Image in Figure 7B, 7B1 has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 7A,7A1. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and Methods section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240382/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">Figure 7A, A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116241D5A7EF7E4B095DD76E6" box="[954,962,1738,1752]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[129,194,1954,1978]" captionTargetBox="[241,1361,1357,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-733@1.[241,1361,1357,1926]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Image of an extant thelyphonid, Mastigoproctus giganteus giganteus Lucas, 1835." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240368/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">
|
||||
<superScript id="7C2B7C0C16241D5A7EF7E4B095DD76E6" attach="left" box="[954,962,1738,1752]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">1</superScript>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
(MCZ:IP:198045b) leaving two impressions at time one (T
|
||||
<superScript id="7C2B7C0C16241D5A7E9CE49395C676C9" attach="left" box="[977,985,1769,1783]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">1</superScript>
|
||||
) and time two (T
|
||||
<superScript id="7C2B7C0C16241D5A79E7E49392AD76C9" attach="left" box="[1194,1202,1769,1783]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">2</superScript>
|
||||
). It is ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116241D5A785FE491936A773C" box="[1298,1397,1771,1795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="10" pageNumber="700" unit="mm" value="1.27">1.27 mm</quantity>
|
||||
from the midline of the first coxa impression to the midline of the second coxae impressions. The second set of coxae impressions (~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116241D5A7E0CE53395BF775E" box="[833,928,1865,1889]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="10" pageNumber="700" unit="mm" value="1.83">1.83 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in length, ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116241D5A7956E5339266775E" box="[1051,1145,1865,1889]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="700" unit="mm" value="0.49">0.49 mm</quantity>
|
||||
at greatest width) are directed anterolaterally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116241D5A7E9FE512922277BE" box="[978,1085,1896,1920]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[140,1461,147,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[137,1465,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. The holotype of Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri igen.nov., isp. nov. (MCZ:IP:198045a,b).A thelyphonid full-body impression preserved as the mould (Fig.7A; concave epirelief) and cast (Fig. 7B; convex hyporelief) of an epichnial depression representing the ventral views of the tracemaker and their corresponding line drawings (Fig.7A1,Fig. 7B1). Image in Figure 7B, 7B1 has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 7A,7A1. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and Methods section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240382/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="700">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: II). Part of the trochanter impressions is preserved on both sides and a possible fragment of the femur may have been imprinted on the left side. It is ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116241D5A7818E5DD93AD7780" box="[1365,1458,1959,1983]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="10" pageNumber="700" unit="mm" value="1.24">1.24 mm</quantity>
|
||||
from the midline of the second coxae impressions to the midline of the third coxae impressions. The third set of coxae impressions (~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116251D5B7C4DE2B4977C70D8" box="[256,355,206,230]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" unit="mm" value="2.15">2.15 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in length, ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116251D5B7CABE2B4945970D8" box="[486,582,206,230]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" unit="mm" value="0.58">0.58 mm</quantity>
|
||||
at greatest width) are directed anterolaterally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116251D5B7CFEE294943D713B" box="[435,546,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[140,1461,147,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[137,1465,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. The holotype of Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri igen.nov., isp. nov. (MCZ:IP:198045a,b).A thelyphonid full-body impression preserved as the mould (Fig.7A; concave epirelief) and cast (Fig. 7B; convex hyporelief) of an epichnial depression representing the ventral views of the tracemaker and their corresponding line drawings (Fig.7A1,Fig. 7B1). Image in Figure 7B, 7B1 has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 7A,7A1. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and Methods section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240382/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: III). Full trochanter and incomplete portions of femoral impressions are preserved on both sides. It is ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116251D5B7C1EE35797AD717A" box="[339,434,301,325]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" unit="mm" value="1.22">1.22 mm</quantity>
|
||||
from the midline of the third set of coxae impressions to the midline of the fourth coxae impressions. The fourth set of coxae impressions (~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116251D5B7F0EE31194BC71BD" box="[579,675,363,387]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.66" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" unit="mm" value="2.66">2.66 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in length, ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116251D5B7DC3E3F196F3719C" box="[142,236,395,419]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" unit="mm" value="0.81">0.81 mm</quantity>
|
||||
at greatest width) are directed posterolaterally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116251D5B7FAEE3F196A471FF" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[140,1461,147,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[137,1465,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. The holotype of Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri igen.nov., isp. nov. (MCZ:IP:198045a,b).A thelyphonid full-body impression preserved as the mould (Fig.7A; concave epirelief) and cast (Fig. 7B; convex hyporelief) of an epichnial depression representing the ventral views of the tracemaker and their corresponding line drawings (Fig.7A1,Fig. 7B1). Image in Figure 7B, 7B1 has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 7A,7A1. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and Methods section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240382/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: IV). A partial trochanter impression is preserved on the left side. It is ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116251D5B7C50E3B3976271DF" box="[285,381,457,481]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" unit="mm" value="0.88">0.88 mm</quantity>
|
||||
from the midline of the fourth set of coxae impressions to the anteriormost edge of the opisthosoma impression. Distal to the coxae impression are five short and narrow impressions interpreted to represent tarsal impressions of the tracemaker while in a natural standing posture (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116251D5B7DC6E01C96F27240" box="[139,237,614,638]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[140,1461,147,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[137,1465,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. The holotype of Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri igen.nov., isp. nov. (MCZ:IP:198045a,b).A thelyphonid full-body impression preserved as the mould (Fig.7A; concave epirelief) and cast (Fig. 7B; convex hyporelief) of an epichnial depression representing the ventral views of the tracemaker and their corresponding line drawings (Fig.7A1,Fig. 7B1). Image in Figure 7B, 7B1 has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 7A,7A1. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and Methods section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240382/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">Fig. 7A A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116251D5B7DA0E01E96EA724C" box="[237,245,612,626]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[129,194,1954,1978]" captionTargetBox="[241,1361,1357,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-733@1.[241,1361,1357,1926]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Image of an extant thelyphonid, Mastigoproctus giganteus giganteus Lucas, 1835." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240368/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">
|
||||
<superScript id="7C2B7C0C16251D5B7DA0E01E96EA724C" attach="left" box="[237,245,612,626]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">1</superScript>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
: tar).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416251D5B7DD1E0FF975E7570" blockId="11.[129,779,144,1358]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">
|
||||
The opisthosomal region (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116251D5B7CE5E0FF941372A3" box="[424,524,645,670]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[140,1461,147,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[137,1465,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. The holotype of Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri igen.nov., isp. nov. (MCZ:IP:198045a,b).A thelyphonid full-body impression preserved as the mould (Fig.7A; concave epirelief) and cast (Fig. 7B; convex hyporelief) of an epichnial depression representing the ventral views of the tracemaker and their corresponding line drawings (Fig.7A1,Fig. 7B1). Image in Figure 7B, 7B1 has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 7A,7A1. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and Methods section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240382/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: op) is represented by an ovate impression, ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116251D5B7C05E0DF97B87282" box="[328,423,677,701]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.88" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" unit="mm" value="4.88">4.88 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in length and ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116251D5B7F01E0DE94B47282" box="[588,683,676,700]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.59" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" unit="mm" value="2.59">2.59 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in width at its greatest point (L/W ratio ~1.88). Abdominal sternites or segmentation can only be discerned in hyporelief on the counterpart (MCZ:IP:198045b). Close examination reveals nine distinct sternites. Discoloration near the posterior and scalloped edges are interpreted to be taphonomic artefacts caused by the body overprinting both plant material and the animal’s own deeply impressed tracks (see
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116251D5B7CFDE1FA97F573A6" box="[432,490,896,920]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="10.[113,178,747,771]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,147,718]" captionTargetId="figure-695@10.[114,1458,144,720]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 8. Tracks associated with the body impression. Left: photo of slab whitened and greyscale inverted to accentuate tracks. Inset is magnified view of best series of wedge-like tracks, some with bifid extensions. Right: same field of view as left photograph with all tracks likely associated with body impression highlighted in red. Inset is sketch after Gallant and Hochberg (2017) SEM image of a thelyphonid tarsus (sans setae) highlighting two major claws and one minor claw (black scale bar in inset = 200 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240386/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
). A small, compact impression coming off the central posterior edge of the opisthosoma impression is interpreted as the impression of the pygidium (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116251D5B7FAEE1C596A473CB" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[140,1461,147,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[137,1465,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. The holotype of Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri igen.nov., isp. nov. (MCZ:IP:198045a,b).A thelyphonid full-body impression preserved as the mould (Fig.7A; concave epirelief) and cast (Fig. 7B; convex hyporelief) of an epichnial depression representing the ventral views of the tracemaker and their corresponding line drawings (Fig.7A1,Fig. 7B1). Image in Figure 7B, 7B1 has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 7A,7A1. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and Methods section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240382/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: py). Segmentation of the pygidium cannot be discerned in either part or counterpart of the specimen. Central and posterior to the likely pygidium impression is a long and narrow posteriorly oriented furrow (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116251D5B7CEAE6469413746D" box="[423,524,1084,1108]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[140,1461,147,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[137,1465,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. The holotype of Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri igen.nov., isp. nov. (MCZ:IP:198045a,b).A thelyphonid full-body impression preserved as the mould (Fig.7A; concave epirelief) and cast (Fig. 7B; convex hyporelief) of an epichnial depression representing the ventral views of the tracemaker and their corresponding line drawings (Fig.7A1,Fig. 7B1). Image in Figure 7B, 7B1 has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 7A,7A1. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and Methods section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240382/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
: te; ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116251D5B7F0BE64694BC746D" box="[582,675,1084,1108]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" unit="mm" value="3.45">3.45 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in length, ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116251D5B7DC0E62196F4744D" box="[141,235,1115,1139]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" unit="mm" value="0.37">0.37 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in width near the base and ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116251D5B7F5CE6219471744D" box="[529,622,1115,1139]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||||
in width at the terminus), which represents the telson. Variation in thickness of the telson is interpreted to be a reflection of appendage movement and not actual differences in width, which is uniform in most thelyphonid telsons. There appears to be some possible segmentation in the telson impression but the sedimentary fabric surrounding the trace fossil makes this delicate character difficult to discern.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416251D5B7DCCE70A94847763" blockId="11.[129,778,1392,1985]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616251D5B7DCCE70A974E75B6" box="[129,337,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">Associated trackway:</emphasis>
|
||||
A series of tracks that may constitute a trackway or a portion of one, are closely associated with the bodily impression on MCZ:IP:198045(a, b). The surface preserved is palimpsest, or at least affected by faint undertracks of amphibians, which is not uncommon in the fossiliferous Wamsutta Fm. units. The timing of vertebrate track production can be distinguished from that of the thelyphonid body impression and its associated tracks by the relative depth and definition of the two. Amphibian tracks are shallowly impressed and difficult to distinguish aside from digital pads (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116251D5B7F0CE4F09464769C" box="[577,635,1674,1698]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="10.[113,178,747,771]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,147,718]" captionTargetId="figure-695@10.[114,1458,144,720]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 8. Tracks associated with the body impression. Left: photo of slab whitened and greyscale inverted to accentuate tracks. Inset is magnified view of best series of wedge-like tracks, some with bifid extensions. Right: same field of view as left photograph with all tracks likely associated with body impression highlighted in red. Inset is sketch after Gallant and Hochberg (2017) SEM image of a thelyphonid tarsus (sans setae) highlighting two major claws and one minor claw (black scale bar in inset = 200 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240386/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
), which indicates that they are either undertracks made on a surface above, or they were made when the surface had experienced some loss of water content. If the impressions of the two animals had been made simultaneously, it is likely that the amphibian producer would have made impressions at least as deep as the thelyphonid, which is presumed to have had low density and mass.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416251D5B7DD1E5109253711B" blockId="11.[129,778,1392,1985]" lastBlockId="11.[825,1475,144,1045]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">
|
||||
Modern thelyphonid walking legs bear paired, relatively large tarsal claws and a third smaller ‘spike’ that are together used for grasping. The two major claws diverge distally, and the distal portions of the claws and small spike beneath are the main points of contact with a substrate when walking (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516251D5B7805E2D595C270D8" author="Gallant J & Hochberg R" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" pagination="345 - 59" refId="ref10012" refString="Gallant J, Hochberg R. Elemental characterization of the exoskeleton in the whipscorpions Mastigoproctus giganteus and Typopeltis dalyi (Arachnida: Thelyphonida). Invertebrate Biology 2017; 136: 345 - 59." type="journal article" year="2017">Gallant and Hochberg 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This arrangement of tarsal claws produces a wedge-like impression, widening opposite the direction of travel (e.g.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516251D5B7E27E3779224711B" author="Schmerge JD & Riese DJ & Hasiotis ST" box="[874,1083,269,293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" pagination="116 - 28" refId="ref10885" refString="Schmerge JD, Riese DJ, Hasiotis ST. Vinegaroon (Arachnida: Thelyphonida: Thelyphonidae) trackway production and morphology: Implications for media and moisture control on trackway morphology and a proposal for a novel system of interpreting arthropod trace fossils. Palaios 2013; 28: 116 - 28." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||||
Schmerge
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616251D5B7E98E374921C711B" box="[981,1027,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2013
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416251D5B7E18E356929C7324" blockId="11.[825,1475,144,1045]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">
|
||||
Each individual track on MCZ:IP:198045(a, b) is wedge-like in form, and in some cases displays shallow bifid imprints at the terminus (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116251D5B7EE8E31195C171BD" box="[933,990,363,387]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="10.[113,178,747,771]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,147,718]" captionTargetId="figure-695@10.[114,1458,144,720]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 8. Tracks associated with the body impression. Left: photo of slab whitened and greyscale inverted to accentuate tracks. Inset is magnified view of best series of wedge-like tracks, some with bifid extensions. Right: same field of view as left photograph with all tracks likely associated with body impression highlighted in red. Inset is sketch after Gallant and Hochberg (2017) SEM image of a thelyphonid tarsus (sans setae) highlighting two major claws and one minor claw (black scale bar in inset = 200 μm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240386" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240386/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The best-preserved tracks on the specimen of interest are
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116251D5B7EF9E3F0920E719C" box="[948,1041,394,418]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
|
||||
at the widest point and taper proximally, well within range of the distance between the distal portion of tarsal claws in modern thelyphonids as measured from photographic records (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516251D5B7EB9E3929338723E" author="Gallant J & Hochberg R" box="[1012,1319,488,512]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" pagination="345 - 59" refId="ref10012" refString="Gallant J, Hochberg R. Elemental characterization of the exoskeleton in the whipscorpions Mastigoproctus giganteus and Typopeltis dalyi (Arachnida: Thelyphonida). Invertebrate Biology 2017; 136: 345 - 59." type="journal article" year="2017">Gallant and Hochberg 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Collectively, the tracks form a loose pathway moving toward the bodily impression. Directionality of tracks is indicated by the wedge-like morphology made by the paired tarsal claws pushing into the substrate opposite the direction of movement. Tracks on this slab have no clear pattern or track cycle and, therefore, may not qualify as a trackway (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616251D5B7955E0DF92547282" box="[1048,1099,677,700]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">sensu</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516251D5B791DE0DE931E7282" author="Minter NJ & Braddy SJ & Davis RB" box="[1104,1281,676,700]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" pagination="365 - 75" refId="ref10565" refString="Minter NJ, Braddy SJ, Davis RB. Between a rock and a hard place: arthropod trackways and ichnotaxonomy. Lethaia 2007; 40: 365 - 75." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||||
Minter
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616251D5B79D6E0DF92D67282" box="[1179,1225,676,700]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2007
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), but all individual tracks indicated are similar enough that they can be confidently related to the activities of one individual whose limbs repeatedly made contact with the substrate.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416251D5B7E18E15B9200742B" blockId="11.[825,1475,144,1045]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">
|
||||
Studies of track-making in whip scorpions are rare.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516251D5B7810E15B95A77367" author="Schmerge JD & Riese DJ & Hasiotis ST" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" pagination="116 - 28" refId="ref10885" refString="Schmerge JD, Riese DJ, Hasiotis ST. Vinegaroon (Arachnida: Thelyphonida: Thelyphonidae) trackway production and morphology: Implications for media and moisture control on trackway morphology and a proposal for a novel system of interpreting arthropod trace fossils. Palaios 2013; 28: 116 - 28." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||||
Schmerge
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616251D5B7E74E13B95767367" box="[825,873,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2013)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
published one detailed study comparing trackways made by modern vinegaroons to examples of trackways made by modern and fossil arthropods. No fossil track or trackway, or burrow, definitively attributable to a whip scorpion has ever been recorded (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516251D5B7EE9E1C4922373E8" author="Hembree DI" box="[932,1084,958,982]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" pagination="141 - 62" refId="ref10196" refString="Hembree DI. Neoichnology of the whip scorpion Mastigopractus giganteus: complex burrows of predatory terrestrial arthropods. Palaios 2013; 28: 141 - 62." type="journal article" year="2013">Hembree 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516251D5B790BE1C4930A73E8" author="Schmerge JD & Riese DJ & Hasiotis ST" box="[1094,1301,958,982]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" pagination="116 - 28" refId="ref10885" refString="Schmerge JD, Riese DJ, Hasiotis ST. Vinegaroon (Arachnida: Thelyphonida: Thelyphonidae) trackway production and morphology: Implications for media and moisture control on trackway morphology and a proposal for a novel system of interpreting arthropod trace fossils. Palaios 2013; 28: 116 - 28." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||||
Schmerge
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616251D5B79FDE1C592C173E8" box="[1200,1246,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2013
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). This paper represents the first trace fossils that can be directly attributed to a thelyphonid producer.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF16251D5C7E74E64D942C75B3" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="702" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416251D5B7E74E64D95FF7517" blockId="11.[825,1475,1078,1321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616251D5B7E74E64D95B87470" box="[825,935,1079,1102]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||||
Specimen MCZ:IP:198045(a, b) and associated trackway were likely made by an individual thelyphonid that was alive when the ichnofossils were produced. Possible behaviours that could explain full-body impressions of arthropods intergrading with trackways include end-of-life trackways and trails (Mortichnia;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516251D5B7977E6A992C974D5" author="Seilacher A" box="[1082,1238,1235,1259]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" refId="ref10990" refString="Seilacher A. Trace fossil analysis. Berlin: Springer, 2007." type="book" year="2007">Seilacher 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), moulting behaviour (Ecdysichnia;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516251D5B7E9EE68892877534" author="Vallon LH & Schweigert G & Bromley RG" box="[979,1176,1266,1290]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" pagination="433 - 44" refId="ref11482" refString="Vallon LH, Schweigert G, Bromley RG et al. Ecdysichnia - a new ethological category for trace fossils produced by molting. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 2015; 85: 433 - 44." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Vallon
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616251D5B796FE68992477534" box="[1058,1112,1266,1290]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), and ‘resting’ (Cubichnia;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516251D5B7E74E76B95CF7517" author="Seilacher" box="[825,976,1297,1321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" pagination="87 - 124" refId="ref11003" refString="Seilacher. StudienzurPalichnologie. II. DieRuhespuren (Cubichnia). A. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 1953; 98: 87 - 124." type="journal article" year="1953">Seilacher 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416251D5B7E18E74C923776B9" blockId="11.[825,1474,1334,1734]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">
|
||||
Distinguishing trace fossils of living animals that incorporate a full-body impression from all possible taphonomic scenarios can be challenging. True Mortichnia are rare and most commonly preserved in subaqueous dysoxic to anoxic settings.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516251D5B782BE7EE95BB75F5" author="Vallon LH & Rindsberg AK & Bromley RG" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" pagination="5 - 20" refId="ref11453" refString="Vallon LH, Rindsberg AK, Bromley RG. An updated classification of animal behaviour preserved in substrates. Geodinamica Acta 2016; 28: 5 - 20." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||||
Vallon
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616251D5B78FCE7EF954D75F5" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
(2016)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
discouraged application of the category and found that some specimens classified as such actually record ecdysis (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516251D5B7E09E78895E77634" author="Vallon LH & Schweigert G & Bromley RG" box="[836,1016,1522,1546]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" pagination="433 - 44" refId="ref11482" refString="Vallon LH, Schweigert G, Bromley RG et al. Ecdysichnia - a new ethological category for trace fossils produced by molting. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 2015; 85: 433 - 44." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||||
Vallon
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616251D5B7EC0E78995A17634" box="[909,958,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2015
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Many so-called ‘resting traces’ (Cubichnia of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516251D5B7E19E46B95F37617" author="Seilacher" box="[852,1004,1553,1577]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" pagination="87 - 124" refId="ref11003" refString="Seilacher. StudienzurPalichnologie. II. DieRuhespuren (Cubichnia). A. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 1953; 98: 87 - 124." type="journal article" year="1953">Seilacher 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; ‘Volichnia’ of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516251D5B79C5E46B93197617" author="Walter H" box="[1160,1286,1553,1577]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" pagination="163 - 75" refId="ref11551" refString="Walter H. Zur Palaontologie der Hornburger Schichten (Rotliegendes) unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Aufschlusse von Rothenschirmbach und Sittichenbach (DDR). Freiberger Forschungshefte, C 1978; 334: 163 - 75." type="journal article" year="1978">Walter 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) or Full-body impressions (e.g.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516251D5B7E9EE44A928D7677" author="Knecht RJ & Engel MS & Benner JS" box="[979,1170,1584,1609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" pagination="6515 - 9" refId="ref10223" refString="Knecht RJ, Engel MS, Benner JS. Late Carboniferous paleoichnology reveals the oldest full-body impression of a flying insect. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2011; 108: 6515 - 9." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||||
Knecht
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616251D5B796BE44B92477676" box="[1062,1112,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2011
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) made by a living arthropod may lack associated tracks or trackways entirely for a variety of reasons (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516251D5B7EDBE415920876B9" author="Martin AJ" box="[918,1047,1647,1671]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701" pagination="57 - 67" refId="ref10535" refString="Martin AJ. Resting traces of Ocypode quadrata associated with hydration and respiration: Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA. Ichnos 2006; 13: 57 - 67." type="journal article" year="2006">Martin 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416251D5B7E18E4F495C376F8" blockId="11.[825,1474,1334,1734]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">Criteria for establishing a full-body impression of a dead organism include:</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416251D5B7E19E497929B771A" blockId="11.[852,1474,1772,1984]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">1. Lying in an orientation other than upright, or in a ‘death pose’ (i.e. coiled, curled).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416251D5B7E19E55195B177BF" blockId="11.[852,1474,1772,1984]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">2. Entire impressions of limbs or other appendages that would have been held aloft in life, such as wings or antennae.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416251D5B7E19E5F3936977FE" blockId="11.[852,1474,1772,1984]" pageId="11" pageNumber="701">3. Limbs or other appendages folded beneath or over the body, disarticulated, or dislocated from the body.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416221D5C7D3CE2EA9796711B" blockId="12.[113,763,144,293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">
|
||||
Bodily impressions of organisms, especially those associated with trackways that do not exhibit the above features should not be treated as Mortichnia and also cannot be treated as ‘body moulds’ (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616221D5C7D99E29597187138" box="[212,263,239,262]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">sensu</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516221D5C7C41E29497A27138" author="Minter NJ & Braddy SJ & Davis RB" box="[268,445,238,262]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" pagination="365 - 75" refId="ref10565" refString="Minter NJ, Braddy SJ, Davis RB. Between a rock and a hard place: arthropod trackways and ichnotaxonomy. Lethaia 2007; 40: 365 - 75." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||||
Minter
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616221D5C7C1AE295979A7138" box="[343,389,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2007
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Indications that the causative organism was alive include:
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416221D5C7DC1E336979D71BD" blockId="12.[140,763,332,701]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">1. An impression made solely by the ventral surfaces of the body and/or limbs.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416221D5C7DC1E3F19733723F" blockId="12.[140,763,332,701]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">2. Limb impressions that include only those portions of limbs or other appendages normally in contact with the substrate in life (i.e. tarsi rather than complete femora impressions).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416221D5C7DC1E07294537240" blockId="12.[140,763,332,701]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">3. An impression that shows movement of limbs or other appendages within tolerances (range of motion) that the animal would produce in life (limbs moving from joint axis; chelicerae probing substrate, etc.).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416221D5C7DC1E0FF97837282" blockId="12.[140,763,332,701]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">4. An impression that includes a trackway leading up to it or moving away, or both.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416221D5C7D3CE0999744740B" blockId="12.[113,763,739,1421]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">
|
||||
The bodily impression of a thelyphonid described here is no exception to these criteria, as it contains a number of features that indicate the causative organism was alive when it was made and no positive evidence to support its death. Multiple incomplete impressions of leg 1 representing a reasonable range of movement (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116221D5C7DF4E1FA973D73A6" box="[185,290,896,920]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[140,1461,147,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[137,1465,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. The holotype of Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri igen.nov., isp. nov. (MCZ:IP:198045a,b).A thelyphonid full-body impression preserved as the mould (Fig.7A; concave epirelief) and cast (Fig. 7B; convex hyporelief) of an epichnial depression representing the ventral views of the tracemaker and their corresponding line drawings (Fig.7A1,Fig. 7B1). Image in Figure 7B, 7B1 has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 7A,7A1. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and Methods section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240382/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">Fig. 7A, A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116221D5C7C6FE104973573B2" box="[290,298,894,908]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[129,194,1954,1978]" captionTargetBox="[241,1361,1357,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-733@1.[241,1361,1357,1926]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Image of an extant thelyphonid, Mastigoproctus giganteus giganteus Lucas, 1835." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240368/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">
|
||||
<superScript id="7C2B7C0C16221D5C7C6FE104973573B2" attach="left" box="[290,298,894,908]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">1</superScript>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
: T1, T2) and tarsal impressions that suggest a living and natural posture of the tracemaker (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116221D5C7F14E1E594A17389" box="[601,702,927,951]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[140,1461,147,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-7@9.[137,1465,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. The holotype of Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri igen.nov., isp. nov. (MCZ:IP:198045a,b).A thelyphonid full-body impression preserved as the mould (Fig.7A; concave epirelief) and cast (Fig. 7B; convex hyporelief) of an epichnial depression representing the ventral views of the tracemaker and their corresponding line drawings (Fig.7A1,Fig. 7B1). Image in Figure 7B, 7B1 has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 7A,7A1. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and Methods section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240382" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240382/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">Fig. 7B, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116221D5C7FF3E1E494D97392" box="[702,710,926,940]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[129,194,1954,1978]" captionTargetBox="[241,1361,1357,1926]" captionTargetId="figure-733@1.[241,1361,1357,1926]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Image of an extant thelyphonid, Mastigoproctus giganteus giganteus Lucas, 1835." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240368/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">
|
||||
<superScript id="7C2B7C0C16221D5C7FF3E1E494D97392" attach="left" box="[702,710,926,940]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">1</superScript>
|
||||
</figureCitation>
|
||||
: tar) are present. The lack of clear tracks or trackways leading away from the body impression may be due to poor preservation in that area, anterior to the body of the slab, where the surface is rough and lacks clarity.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416221D5C7DC0E646942C75B3" blockId="12.[113,763,739,1421]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">
|
||||
The tracks and body impression of the thelyphonid maker were probably made in a transitional zone between subaqueous and subaerial environments as evidenced by the fine detail preserved in the trace fossils. The surface of interest, and most of the track-bearing surfaces in the Wamsutta Fm., are covered variably by a mm-scale layer of siltstone and shale that overlies very fine sandstone, which may represent waning flood deposition. After deposition, the surface dried enough to attain firmground status, yet remained plastic enough to faithfully reproduce the living causative organism’s body and its tracks (i.e. Davis and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616221D5C7FA4E72D969575B3" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2007,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516221D5C7D80E70F978175B3" author="Schmerge JD & Riese DJ & Hasiotis ST" box="[205,414,1397,1421]" pageId="12" pageNumber="702" pagination="116 - 28" refId="ref10885" refString="Schmerge JD, Riese DJ, Hasiotis ST. Vinegaroon (Arachnida: Thelyphonida: Thelyphonidae) trackway production and morphology: Implications for media and moisture control on trackway morphology and a proposal for a novel system of interpreting arthropod trace fossils. Palaios 2013; 28: 116 - 28." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||||
Schmerge
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616221D5C7C7AE70C977975B3" box="[311,358,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="702">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2013
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) in fine detail.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
340
data/03/F7/60/03F7605216281D577C4EE000933B7791.xml
Normal file
340
data/03/F7/60/03F7605216281D577C4EE000933B7791.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
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<mods:title id="D32E0DFD671CB234710E24294961ED11">The largest Palaeozoic whip scorpion and the smallest (Arachnida: Uropygi: Thelyphonida); a new species and a new ichnospecies from the Carboniferous of New England, USA</mods:title>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3DF539B5D146A1E3FCE00D1B1273244E" type="email">rknecht@fas.harvard.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="32C44BAF49F5A41817D61E6EB05589A5">Benner, Jacob S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="680343CF62B78E19A4E71C5B38EF839D">Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9CB3E98576663195332A3E8994267BC6">Dunlop, Jason A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="91017BB0D77BD7BECDF61DC9CADBFAD4">Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse. 43, D- 10115 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BF9EE47DE9F36CC94156DE45D222D410">Renczkowski, Mark D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="77E856ED9C44F20CC7838A72C76B360C">Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="2914B3315C9D1207DEAA8326BAA5B806">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CE68D1BC69E42C0D2800DDB7262A7871">2023-08-11</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C34482CF16281D567C4EE000947572AA" box="[259,618,634,660]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE1D14416281D567C4EE000947572AA" blockId="6.[259,618,634,660]" box="[259,618,634,660]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">
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<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567C4EE000947572AA" box="[259,618,634,660]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D567C4EE000943C72AA" authority="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski, 2024" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[259,547,634,660]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryantae" status="sp. nov.">Parilisthelyphonus bryantae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219B02D16281D567F65E001947572AA" box="[552,618,635,660]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF16281D567C33E0DD97F172FF" box="[382,494,679,705]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416281D567C33E0DD97F172FF" blockId="6.[382,494,679,705]" box="[382,494,679,705]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567C33E0DD97F172FF" box="[382,494,679,705]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116281D567CC5E0D297FB72FF" box="[392,484,679,705]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[217,1386,147,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-6@5.[214,1389,144,1807]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. The holotype of Parilisthelyphonus bryantae gen. nov., sp. nov.. Part (A; MCZ:IP:198710a) and counterpart (B; MCZ:IP:198710b) representing the dorsal and ventral views respectively and their corresponding line drawings (A1,B1). Image in Figure 4B, 4B1 has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 4A, 4A1. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and methods section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240376/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Fig.4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF16281D567D3CE09D971C7466" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416281D567D3CE09D94E47300" blockId="6.[113,763,743,830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567D3CE09D96D372C1" box="[113,204,743,767]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Material:</emphasis>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B36DB1916281D567D9FE09D94E47300" collectionCode="MCZ" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E56FE616281D567D9FE09D972B72C1" box="[210,308,743,767]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(part and counterpart) and only known
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D581ACD16281D567F9DE09296AE7321" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" type="generic">specimen</specimenCount>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4F498116281D567DF0E17D96E57321" box="[189,250,775,799]" collectionName="USA, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||||
:IP:198710a (dorsal) and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED4F498116281D567F4EE17D945F7321" box="[515,576,775,799]" collectionName="USA, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||||
:IP:198710b (ventral) preserved as a compression fossil (body fossil) on grey shale.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416281D567D3CE11F97F07385" blockId="6.[113,762,869,955]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567D3CE11F97537343" box="[113,332,869,893]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Horizon and locality:</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectorName id="26ABB49216281D567C1AE11F97ED7343" box="[343,498,869,893]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Westphalian C</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<location id="8E81879F16281D567F49E11F94F07343" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F7605216281D577C4EE000933B7791:8E81879F16281D567F49E11F94F07343" box="[516,751,869,893]" name="Upper Carboniferous" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" stateProvince="Rhode Island">Upper Carboniferous</location>
|
||||
); from
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499A1FA616281D567DE4E1FE972D73A2" box="[169,306,900,924]" country="United States of America" name="Rhode Island" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Rhode Island</collectingRegion>
|
||||
Fm. of the Narragansett Basin (see Geologic setting and palaeobiological context).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416281D567D3CE198971C7466" blockId="6.[113,763,994,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567D3CE19896CF73C4" box="[113,208,994,1018]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Collector:</emphasis>
|
||||
This specimen was collected by the late Robert G. Sproule and generously donated to Harvard University’s Museum of Comparative Zoology posthumously by his widow, Joyce Sproule.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF16281D567D3CE60597F675D1" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416281D567D3CE60597F675D1" blockId="6.[113,763,1151,1519]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567D3CE60596FE74A9" box="[113,225,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||||
This species is named in honour of the late American arachnologist Elizabeth Bangs Bryant (1875–1953). Known for her studies of New
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34991D416281D567C2FE6C797A874EB" box="[354,439,1213,1237]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">England</collectingCountry>
|
||||
and Caribbean spiders, Bryant had worked at the Museum of Comparative Zoology for over 50 years (1898–1950), and made significant contributions to the field of arachnology, authoring 38 publications at a time when women were often discouraged from participating in scientific pursuits. Known for her diligence to the collections and her scientific studies, as well as her mentorship of other women in science, Elizabeth Bryant’s legacy can still be seen and felt today in Harvard’s arachnological collection and beyond. For this, we name this new species in her honour.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF16281D567D3CE46D97987610" box="[113,391,1558,1582]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416281D567D3CE46D97987610" blockId="6.[113,391,1558,1582]" box="[113,391,1558,1582]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567D3CE46D96C87610" box="[113,215,1559,1582]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||||
As for the genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF16281D567D3CE434927672C5" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416281D567D3CE434927672C5" blockId="6.[113,763,1613,1982]" lastBlockId="6.[810,1460,144,763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567D3CE43496F7765B" box="[113,232,1614,1637]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Description:</emphasis>
|
||||
The
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E56FE616281D567C63E4379793765B" box="[302,396,1613,1637]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116281D567CEAE437943E765B" box="[423,545,1613,1637]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[129,194,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[217,1386,147,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-6@5.[214,1389,144,1807]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. The holotype of Parilisthelyphonus bryantae gen. nov., sp. nov.. Part (A; MCZ:IP:198710a) and counterpart (B; MCZ:IP:198710b) representing the dorsal and ventral views respectively and their corresponding line drawings (A1,B1). Image in Figure 4B, 4B1 has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 4A, 4A1. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and methods section." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240376/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) comprises a part (MCZ:IP:198710a) and counterpart (MCZ:IP:198710b) representing the dorsal and ventral views respectively. Total body L
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116281D567D3CE4D196C476FD" box="[113,219,1707,1731]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.418" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" unit="mm" value="34.18">34.18 mm</quantity>
|
||||
(excluding telson). Carapace elongate; L
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116281D567FC6E4D194E976FD" box="[651,758,1707,1731]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.591" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" unit="mm" value="15.91">15.91 mm</quantity>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6AB78316281D567D3CE4B196A476DC" box="[113,187,1738,1762]" degrees="6.70" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" precision="555" value="-6.7">
|
||||
W
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116281D567DC3E4B096A476DC" box="[142,187,1738,1762]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" unit="mm" value="6.7">6.70</quantity>
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
mm (L/W ratio 2.38) and nearly as long as the opisthosoma (carapace/opisthosoma ratio 0.85;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116281D567F6DE4909445773C" box="[544,602,1770,1794]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[129,194,1289,1313]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-299@7.[129,1473,144,1261]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Carapace to opisthosoma ratios (C: O) of all eight Carboniferous thelyphonid species [body fossils; does not include full-body impression (trace fossil) Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri, see text]. Green boxes represent the opisthosoma (including pygidium but excluding telson) and purple boxes represent the carapace, relative to each other. Measurements only included complete specimens.Averages were taken when data for multiple specimens of a single species were available." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240378/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The carapace is entire, rectangular in shape, with a straight posterior margin, and straight posterolateral margins until nearing the coxa of the first set of legs where the anterolateral margins then turn inwards in a straight, nearly 45 angle, to the anterior tip of carapace. The carapace contains several folds suggestive of a more raised or domed position in life with a gentle slope towards the anterior margin. There is also a distinct fovea slightly anterior to mid-centre of the carapace. The coxosternal region is poorly preserved with coxa (left leg I, legs II–IV, and palpal coxae) and some trochanters (legs III, IV, and left pedipalp) identifiable but not in great detail. In dorsal view, both pedipalps appear fully intact although details of the morphology of the right pedipalp are not preserved. Pedipalps are subraptorial; fe L
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116281D567E0CE31195BF71BD" box="[833,928,363,387]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.24" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" unit="mm" value="2.24">2.24 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, pa L
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116281D567EAFE311925D71BD" box="[994,1090,363,387]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.18" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" unit="mm" value="2.18">2.18 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, ti L
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116281D567937E31192C571BD" box="[1146,1242,363,387]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.60 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, ta L
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116281D56785AE311936771BD" box="[1303,1400,363,387]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" unit="mm" value="0.42">0.42 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. Legs are poorly preserved with some proximal podomeres present in legs I–IV but none exceeding the femur. Femurs are distinguishably robust and inflated. Femur of leg IV is at least
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116281D5678CBE3B39548723E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" unit="mm" value="9.2">9.20 mm</quantity>
|
||||
; other podomeres are incomplete or immeasurable due to lack of preserved morphology showing segment boundaries. Opisthosoma is elongate and suboval, L
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116281D567999E05D935E7200" box="[1236,1345,551,575]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6219999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" unit="mm" value="16.22">16.22 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, minimum max
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6AB78316281D567E16E03D95BA7260" box="[859,933,582,606]" degrees="6.53" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" precision="555" value="-6.53">
|
||||
W
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116281D567E35E03C95BA7260" box="[888,933,582,606]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.53" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" unit="mm" value="6.53">6.53</quantity>
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
mm (tergites TI–T9, L/W ratio 2.48), with 12 tergites and 12 sternites, the last three forming a squat pygidium (L
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116281D567E01E0FF95B472A2" box="[844,939,645,669]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" unit="mm" value="2.01">2.01 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, max.
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6AB78316281D567EBCE0FF922272A3" box="[1009,1085,645,669]" degrees="1.76" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" precision="555" value="-1.76">
|
||||
W
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116281D56795DE0FF922272A3" box="[1040,1085,645,669]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" unit="mm" value="1.76">1.76</quantity>
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
mm, min.
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6AB78316281D5679FFE0FF92E172A3" box="[1202,1278,645,669]" degrees="1.07" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" precision="555" value="-1.07">
|
||||
W
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116281D56799CE0FF92E172A3" box="[1233,1278,645,669]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.07" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" unit="mm" value="1.07">1.07</quantity>
|
||||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
mm) that is preserved folded back on itself and orientated to the left. Left side of the opisthosoma is not visible and appears covered in matrix. No telson is preserved.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF16281D577E67E162933B7791" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="697" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416281D567E67E162938976C5" blockId="6.[810,1459,792,1980]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567E67E16295877311" box="[810,920,792,815]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||||
The erection of the new genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D5679B1E16293AD730E" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[1276,1458,792,816]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D5679B1E16293AD730E" box="[1276,1458,792,816]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Parilisthelyphonus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is warranted as it differs significantly from the other four Palaeozoic genera (see above). The genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D5679BCE12C93417350" box="[1265,1374,854,878]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Geralinura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D5679BCE12C93417350" box="[1265,1374,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Geralinura</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was redefined by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516281D567EE6E10F92CF73B0" author="Tetlie OE & Dunlop JA" box="[939,1232,885,910]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" pagination="299 - 312" refId="ref11376" refString="Tetlie OE, Dunlop JA. Geralinura carbonaria (Arachnida; Uropygi) from Mazon Creek, Illinois, USA, and the origin of subchelate pedipalps in whip scorpions. Journal of Paleontology 2008; 82: 299 - 312." type="journal article" year="2008">Tetlie and Dunlop (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
as a whip scorpion with an elongate opisthosoma ending in an extended pygidium where the 12th opisthosomal segment is longer than the two previous segments combined.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D56799AE1A9939273D5" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[1239,1421,979,1003]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D56799AE1A9939273D5" box="[1239,1421,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Parilisthelyphonus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in contrast, has a pygidium in which each pygidial segment is shorter in length as you move posteriorly.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D5679A1E668954E7477" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D5679A1E668939F7414" box="[1260,1408,1042,1066]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Parageralinura</emphasis>
|
||||
species
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are short- to medium-sized and have a broad opisthosoma with a rounded pygidum with each pygidial segment nearly equal in length, whereas
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D567938E60A933474B6" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[1141,1323,1136,1160]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567938E60A933474B6" box="[1141,1323,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Parilisthelyphonus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is a genus of large whip scorpions with an elongate and ovate opisthosoma with pygidial segments of decreasing length.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D567867E6D593AD74F9" authorityName="Dunlop and Horrocks" authorityYear="1996" box="[1322,1458,1199,1223]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Proschizomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567867E6D593AD74F9" box="[1322,1458,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Proschizomus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is unique as the only Carboniferous whip scorpion to have pedipalps that articulate in a non-horizontal plane, unlike the pedipalps of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D567EF6E777926E751B" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[955,1137,1293,1317]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567EF6E777926E751B" box="[955,1137,1293,1317]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Parilisthelyphonus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which articulate more horizontally as in living species. The closest match in size and habitus is
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D567E36E731920A755D" authorityName="Fric" authorityYear="1904" box="[891,1045,1355,1379]" class="Arachnida" genus="Prothelyphonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567E36E731920A755D" box="[891,1045,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Prothelyphonus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which, like
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D5679D4E7319350755D" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[1177,1359,1355,1379]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D5679D4E7319350755D" box="[1177,1359,1355,1379]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Parilisthelyphonus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, includes large (30* mm) whip scorpions with a slender opisthosoma and large, robust pedipalps.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D56791FE7F09317759C" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[1106,1288,1418,1442]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D56791FE7F09317759C" box="[1106,1288,1418,1442]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Parilisthelyphonus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
differs from the Czech species in not having the well-developed spination on its pedipalps nor do its pedipalps exceed the length of its carapace as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D567E2CE79295E4763E" authorityName="Fric" authorityYear="1904" box="[865,1019,1512,1536]" class="Arachnida" genus="Prothelyphonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567E2CE79295E4763E" box="[865,1019,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Prothelyphonus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D567944E79292A0763E" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[1033,1215,1512,1536]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567944E79292A0763E" box="[1033,1215,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Parilisthelyphonus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
also has a more robust and somewhat inflated femora and, significantly, a greater carapace: opisthosoma length ratio. Given their overlapping geologic age ranges, the similarity in body length and opisthosomal shape, and differences seen in pedipalp length and structure and carapace morphology between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D5679AAE4FF939E76A3" authorityName="Fric" authorityYear="1904" box="[1255,1409,1669,1693]" class="Arachnida" genus="Prothelyphonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D5679AAE4FF939E76A3" box="[1255,1409,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Prothelyphonus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D567E67E4DE95FF7682" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[810,992,1700,1724]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567E67E4DE95FF7682" box="[810,992,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Parilisthelyphonus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, it cannot be completely ruled out that they may be sexually dimorphic individuals of the same species; a feature seen in some extant thelyphonids (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516281D5679ABE499939A76C5" author="Weygoldt P" box="[1254,1413,1763,1787]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" pagination="137 - 47" refId="ref11621" refString="Weygoldt P. Notes on the life history and reproductive biology of the giant whip scorpion, Mastigoproctus giganteus (Uropygi, Thelyphonidae) from Florida. Journal of Zoology 1971; 164: 137 - 47." type="journal article" year="1971">Weygoldt 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416281D577E0BE57D94F776E9" blockId="6.[810,1459,792,1980]" lastBlockId="7.[129,778,1445,1970]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="697" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
The high carapace: opisthosoma (C: O) ratio (0.85) is the best defining characteristic of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D5679D4E55D93B17701" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[1177,1454,1831,1855]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryantae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D5679D4E55D93B17701" box="[1177,1454,1831,1855]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Parilisthelyphonus bryantae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The range of all other Carboniferous whip scorpion species fall between 0.43 and 0.56 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116281D56791BE51F928E7743" box="[1110,1169,1893,1917]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[129,194,1289,1313]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-299@7.[129,1473,144,1261]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. Carapace to opisthosoma ratios (C: O) of all eight Carboniferous thelyphonid species [body fossils; does not include full-body impression (trace fossil) Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri, see text]. Green boxes represent the opisthosoma (including pygidium but excluding telson) and purple boxes represent the carapace, relative to each other. Measurements only included complete specimens.Averages were taken when data for multiple specimens of a single species were available." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240378/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The full-body impression
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D567E67E5FF928477A3" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[810,1179,1925,1949]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Inmontibusichnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charleshenryturneri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567E67E5FF928477A3" box="[810,1179,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(this paper) is not included in these calculations since exact anatomical measurements are not possible given the nature of the trace fossil, but a rough estimate would place it as the species with the second highest C: O between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716291D577DACE79997EB75C5" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[225,500,1507,1531]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="7" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryantae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616291D577DACE79997EB75C5" box="[225,500,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">Parilisthelyphonus bryantae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(0.85) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716291D577F3AE79996FD7625" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parageralinura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="7" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marsiglioi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616291D577F3AE79996FD7625" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">Parageralinura marsiglioi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(0.56). Despite being a significant outlier, there is no evidence to suggest that compression, distortion, or another taphonomic variable is responsible for the high C: O value of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616291D577DAFE41B97E07647" box="[226,511,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716291D577DAFE41B97E47647" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[226,507,1633,1657]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="7" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryantae">Parilisthelyphonus bryantae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
While
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716291D577F18E41B96C776A6" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="7" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryantae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616291D577F18E41B96C776A6" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">Parilisthelyphonus bryantae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is nearly double the C: O of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716291D577F46E4FA94C476A6" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1911" box="[523,731,1664,1688]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Geralinura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="7" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brittanica">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616291D577F46E4FA94C476A6" box="[523,731,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">Geralinura brittanica</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the Carboniferous species with the smallest ratio, it is not particularly unusual, nor the highest, C: O amongst extant species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2181CC16291D577DCCE773957D754B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240378" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240378/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="697" startId="7.[129,194,1289,1313]" targetBox="[132,1470,147,1258]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416291D577DCCE773957D754B" blockId="7.[129,1452,1289,1397]" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616291D577DCCE77396C7751F" bold="true" box="[129,216,1289,1313]" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
Carapace to opisthosoma ratios (C: O) of all eight Carboniferous thelyphonid species [body fossils; does not include full-body impression (trace fossil)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716291D577C27E75F94A37503" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[362,700,1317,1341]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Inmontibusichnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="7" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="charleshenryturneri">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616291D577C27E75F94A37503" box="[362,700,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, see text]. Green boxes represent the opisthosoma (including pygidium but excluding telson) and purple boxes represent the carapace, relative to each other. Measurements only included complete specimens. Averages were taken when data for multiple specimens of a single species were available.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416291D577DD1E4A493DC75C5" blockId="7.[129,778,1445,1970]" lastBlockId="7.[825,1475,1444,1782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">
|
||||
The precise age of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716291D577C29E4A4947076C8" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[356,623,1758,1782]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="7" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryantae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616291D577C29E4A4947076C8" box="[356,623,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">Parilisthelyphonus bryantae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
cannot be determined beyond the known age of the Rhode Island Formation (Westphalian C–Stephanian B/C). This age range places
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716291D577DCCE5469791776A" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[129,398,1852,1876]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="7" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryantae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616291D577DCCE5469791776A" box="[129,398,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">Parilisthelyphonus bryantae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as one of the youngest Palaeozoic thelyphonids along with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716291D577CCDE5219449774D" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1894" box="[384,598,1883,1907]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Geralinura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="7" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbonaria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616291D577CCDE5219449774D" box="[384,598,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">Geralinura carbonaria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and an unnamed carapace from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34991D416291D577C6BE500976877AC" box="[294,375,1914,1938]" name="Ukraine" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCFACB516291D577CDCE500944277AD" author="Selden PA & Shcherbakov DE & Dunlop JA" box="[401,605,1914,1939]" pageId="7" pageNumber="697" pagination="297 - 307" refId="ref11032" refString="Selden PA, Shcherbakov DE, Dunlop JA et al. Arachnids from the Carboniferous of Russia and Ukraine, and the Permian of Kazakhstan. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 2014; 88: 297 - 307." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||||
Selden
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616291D577CA9E501940377AC" box="[484,540,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">et al.</emphasis>
|
||||
2014
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716291D577F31E50096C1778C" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parageralinura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="7" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marsiglioi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616291D577F31E50096C1778C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">Parageralinura marsiglioi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
retains its place as possibly the youngest Palaeozoic thelyphonid. While its exact age is also unknown, as it was found associated with a landslide, the geographic range (Kasimovian– Gzhelian) extends younger than that of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616291D5779F4E79993DC75C5" box="[1209,1475,1507,1531]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716291D5779F4E79993DF75C5" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[1209,1472,1507,1531]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="7" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryantae">Parilisthelyphonus bryantae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416291D577E18E478930376C8" blockId="7.[825,1475,1444,1782]" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">
|
||||
The Narragansett Basin, in which the RIFn is located and from where
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716291D577EF2E458926E7604" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[959,1137,1570,1594]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="7" pageNumber="697" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616291D577EF2E458926E7604" box="[959,1137,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">Parilisthelyphonus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was recovered, represents only the second site in the western hemisphere, in what was western Laurasia, to have a Palaeozoic thelyphonid. This site is of significant biogeographical importance as it is located between the westernmost Palaeozoic thelyphonid site, the Mazon Creek Formation of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="499A1FA616291D577941E4C4924976E8" box="[1036,1110,1726,1750]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34991D416291D57792DE4C5928B76E9" box="[1120,1172,1727,1751]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, and the eastern collection of Palaeozoic thelyphonid sites in Europe (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1365CDC116291D57799EE4A4931476C8" box="[1235,1291,1758,1782]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[113,178,970,994]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,146,940]" captionTargetId="figure-303@8.[114,1458,144,943]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Palaeogeographic map of Carboniferous (c. 310 Mya) showing thelyphonid sites. Red star indicates new locality and new species described in this paper. A, Mazon creek, Illinois, USA; Geralinura carbonaria. B, North Attleboro, Massachusetts, USA; Parilisthelyphonus bryantae, Inmontibusichnus charleshenryturneri. C, Dudley, Staffordshire, England, UK; Proschizomus petrunkevitchi.D, Derbyshire, Lancashire, Staffordshire, England, UK; Geralinura brittanica.E, Domaniale Mine, Limburg, the Netherlands; Parageralinura neerlandica.F, Hagen- Vorhalle, Nordrhein-Westphalia, Germany; Parageralinura naufraga. G, RakovnÍk, Okres RakovnÍk, Czech Republic; Prothelyphonus bohemicus.H, Carnic Alps, Friuli, Italy; Parageralinura marsiglioi. Brown shading = land; blue shading = marine flooding of continents; white shading = ocean basin. Map modified after Kocsis and Scotese (2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240380" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240380/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416291D577EB2E56E92E37713" blockId="7.[825,1474,1811,1968]" box="[1023,1276,1811,1838]" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616291D577EB2E56E92E37713" box="[1023,1276,1811,1838]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">Systematic palaeoichnology</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416291D577E74E541933B7791" blockId="7.[825,1474,1811,1968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616291D577E74E5419241776C" box="[825,1118,1850,1874]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">Data archiving statement</emphasis>
|
||||
This published work and the nomenclatural acts it contains have been registered with ZooBank: https://zoobank.org/References/
|
||||
<uuid id="FFF8EB9116291D577E74E5E29300778E" box="[825,1311,1944,1968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="697">ABF4758F-1EC4-42C3-86E7-17EE826B7D41</uuid>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
143
data/03/F7/60/03F76052162A1D567EEFE4CE944D7201.xml
Normal file
143
data/03/F7/60/03F76052162A1D567EEFE4CE944D7201.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
|
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<mods:namePart id="C4ACCA87460D1D322BA7BB8613175414">Benner, Jacob S.</mods:namePart>
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|
||||
<mods:identifier id="5921140A903A1F7F7A2B63D4FE7EBFC8" type="Zenodo-Dep">11240366</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="03F76052162A1D567EEFE4CE944D7201" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F76052162A1D567EEFE4CE944D7201" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F76052162A1D567EEFE4CE944D7201" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="696" pageId="4" pageNumber="694">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF162A1D547EEFE4CE932376F0" box="[930,1340,1716,1743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="694" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D144162A1D547EEFE4CE932376F0" blockId="4.[930,1340,1716,1743]" box="[930,1340,1716,1743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="694">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D56162A1D547EEFE4CE932376F0" box="[930,1340,1716,1743]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="694">
|
||||
Plesion (Genus)
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC7162A1D547970E4CE92F676F0" authority="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski, 2024" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[1085,1257,1716,1742]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="4" pageNumber="694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Parilisthelyphonus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219B02D162A1D5479A0E4CF932376F0" box="[1261,1340,1717,1742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="694" rank="genus">gen.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF162A1D547E67E48F93AC7733" box="[810,1459,1781,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="694" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D144162A1D547E67E48F93AC7733" blockId="4.[810,1459,1781,1805]" box="[810,1459,1781,1805]" pageId="4" pageNumber="694">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D56162A1D547E67E48F92A77733" box="[810,1208,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="694">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="54E56FE6162A1D547E67E48F95457732" box="[810,858,1781,1804]" pageId="4" pageNumber="694">Type</typeStatus>
|
||||
species:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC7162A1D547EE6E48F92A77733" authority="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski, 2024" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[939,1208,1781,1805]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="4" pageNumber="694" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryantae" status="sp. nov.">Parilisthelyphonus bryantae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219B02D162A1D5479F0E48F93167732" box="[1213,1289,1781,1804]" pageId="4" pageNumber="694" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
(by monotypy).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF162A1D547E67E54995FF7797" pageId="4" pageNumber="694" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D144162A1D547E67E54995FF7797" blockId="4.[810,1459,1843,1962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="694">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D56162A1D547E67E54995867775" box="[810,921,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="694">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||||
Derived from the Latin noun
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D56162A1D547982E54993137775" box="[1231,1292,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="694">parilis</emphasis>
|
||||
, meaning equal, like, or similar. A reference to the near equal length of the prosoma to the opisthosoma which is here used to diagnose the genus. Masculine.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="DF2181CC162B1D557DCCE55197BF77A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11240376" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11240376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11240376/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="695" startId="5.[129,194,1835,1859]" targetBox="[217,1386,147,1804]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D144162B1D557DCCE55197BF77A9" blockId="5.[128,1456,1835,1943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="695">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D56162B1D557DCCE55196C7777D" bold="true" box="[129,216,1835,1859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="695">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
The holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC7162B1D557C35E551946E777D" authority="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski, 2024" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[376,625,1835,1859]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="5" pageNumber="695" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bryantae" status="gen. nov., sp. nov">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D56162B1D557C35E551946E777D" box="[376,625,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="695">Parilisthelyphonus bryantae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A219B02D162B1D557F3BE556950B777D" box="[630,788,1836,1860]" pageId="5" pageNumber="695" rank="species">gen. nov., sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
.. Part (A; MCZ:IP:198710a) and counterpart (B; MCZ:IP:198710b) representing the dorsal and ventral views respectively and their corresponding line drawings (A
|
||||
<superScript id="7C2B7C0C162B1D557EB2E53C9219776A" attach="left" box="[1023,1030,1862,1876]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="695">1</superScript>
|
||||
,B
|
||||
<superScript id="7C2B7C0C162B1D557954E53C923F776A" attach="left" box="[1049,1056,1862,1876]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="695">1</superScript>
|
||||
). Image in Figure 4B, 4B
|
||||
<superScript id="7C2B7C0C162B1D557846E53C930D776A" attach="left" box="[1291,1298,1862,1876]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="695">1</superScript>
|
||||
has been flipped horizontally to match the same image orientation seen in Figure 4A, 4A
|
||||
<superScript id="7C2B7C0C162B1D557E6DE5189538774E" attach="left" box="[800,807,1890,1904]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="695">1</superScript>
|
||||
. Keys to the anatomical abbreviations used can be found under the Material and methods section.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF16281D567D3CE2EB9427717B" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416281D567D3CE2EB9427717B" blockId="6.[113,762,144,325]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567D3CE2EB96C87096" box="[113,215,145,168]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||||
Large-sized Coal Measure whip scorpion (body length>
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA67CA116281D567D82E2D5970770F9" box="[207,280,175,199]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" unit="mm" value="30.0">30mm</quantity>
|
||||
.) with slender, nearly parallel-sided opisthosoma; pygidium short and narrow with each segment shorter than the previous moving posteriorly; legs are robust; pedipalps are shorter in length than the carapace; length of the prosoma is nearly equivalent to that of the opisthosoma.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF16281D567D3CE3119460723F" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416281D567D3CE3119460723F" blockId="6.[113,762,363,513]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567D3CE311978A71BD" box="[113,405,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
Remarks:
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D567DAEE311978A71BD" authorityName="Knecht & Benner & Dunlop & Renczkowski" authorityYear="2024" box="[227,405,363,387]" class="Arachnida" family="Thelyphonidae" genus="Parilisthelyphonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parilisthelyphonus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
differs from the other large Coal Measure whip scorpion genus,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5EAAC716281D567CF5E3F19450719D" authorityName="Fric" authorityYear="1904" box="[440,591,395,419]" class="Arachnida" genus="Prothelyphonus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Uropygi" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567CF5E3F19450719D" box="[440,591,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Prothelyphonus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in having more robust legs; shorter and significantly less spinose pedipalps; a pygidium with segments of unequal length; and a much larger carapace, nearly equal in length to the opisthosoma.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C34482CF16281D567D3CE052944D7201" box="[113,594,551,575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BE1D14416281D567D3CE052944D7201" blockId="6.[113,594,551,575]" box="[113,594,551,575]" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92A0D5616281D567D3CE05296FA7201" box="[113,229,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">Occurrence:</emphasis>
|
||||
Pennsylvanian of the
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F34991D416281D567C8EE05D94527201" box="[451,589,551,575]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="696">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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