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<mods:namePart>Casali, Daniel M</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Boscaini, Alberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Gaudin, Timothy J</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Perini, Fernando A</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-12-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number>196</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac041</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7381236</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87B8FFF0FF97FF0CFBD1C07491D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF87B8FFF0FF97FF0CFBD1C07491D6" lastPageNumber="1528" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">
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<subSubSection box="[163,324,1042,1066]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[163,324,1042,1066]" box="[163,324,1042,1066]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">
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<taxonomicName box="[163,324,1042,1066]" family="Megalonychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" rank="tribe" tribe="Choloepodini">Choloepodini</taxonomicName>
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<treatment id="03EF87B8FFF0FF97FF0CFBD1C07491D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7390313" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205608051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7390313" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87B8FFF0FF97FF0CFBD1C07491D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF87B8FFF0FF97FF0CFBD1C07491D6" lastPageNumber="1528" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" scope_class="Eufolivora" scope_family="Megalonychidae" scope_subFamily="Megalonychinae" scope_superFamily="Megatherioidea">
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<subSubSection id="C35C6525FFF0FF97FF0CFBD1C055936B" box="[163,324,1042,1066]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF936AEFFF0FF97FF0CFBD1C055936B" blockId="23.[163,324,1042,1066]" box="[163,324,1042,1066]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF0FF97FF0CFBD1C055936B" box="[163,324,1042,1066]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Choloepodini">Choloepodini</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="23.[163,780,1082,1687]" box="[163,575,1082,1104]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">PP = 98, age = 7.07 Mya (5.67–8.93).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="23.[163,780,1082,1687]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">
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<subSubSection id="C35C6525FFF0FF97FF0CFBF8C07491D6" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF936AEFFF0FF97FF0CFBF8C32E9311" blockId="23.[163,780,1082,1687]" box="[163,575,1082,1104]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">PP = 98, age = 7.07 Mya (5.67–8.93).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF936AEFFF0FF97FF14FB9AC3619207" blockId="23.[163,780,1082,1687]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">
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This clade is composed of the genus
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<taxonomicName box="[622,773,1113,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Pliomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis box="[622,773,1113,1134]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Pliomorphus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF0FF97FDC1FB9AC214932F" box="[622,773,1113,1134]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Pliomorphus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; the Antillean megalonychines
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[516,652,1144,1165]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis box="[516,652,1144,1165]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF0FF97FDABFBBBC39D93CC" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[516,652,1144,1165]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF0FF97FDABFBBBC39D93CC" box="[516,652,1144,1165]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Megalocnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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||||
<taxonomicName box="[666,772,1145,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[666,772,1145,1166]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF0FF97FD35FBBAC21593CF" box="[666,772,1145,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF0FF97FD35FBBAC21593CF" box="[666,772,1145,1166]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[163,261,1175,1196]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Neocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||||
<emphasis box="[163,261,1175,1196]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF0FF97FF0CFB54C01493ED" box="[163,261,1175,1196]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Neocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF0FF97FF0CFB54C01493ED" box="[163,261,1175,1196]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[322,453,1175,1196]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[322,453,1175,1196]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF0FF97FEEDFB54C0D493ED" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[322,453,1175,1196]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF0FF97FEEDFB54C0D493ED" box="[322,453,1175,1196]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; and the living sloth genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[163,280,1205,1226]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[163,280,1205,1226]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF0FF97FF0CFB76C009938B" box="[163,280,1205,1226]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF0FF97FF0CFB76C009938B" box="[163,280,1205,1226]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. It was consistently recovered in our analyses with the arrangement (
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[446,598,1236,1257]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Pliomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[446,598,1236,1257]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Pliomorphus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF0FF97FE11FB17C34793A8" box="[446,598,1236,1257]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Pliomorphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF0FF97FE11FB17C34793A8" box="[446,598,1236,1257]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Pliomorphus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, ((
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[632,772,1236,1257]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[632,772,1236,1257]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF0FF97FDD7FB17C21593A8" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[632,772,1236,1257]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF0FF97FDD7FB17C21593A8" box="[632,772,1236,1257]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Megalocnus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[163,272,1267,1288]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[163,272,1267,1288]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF0FF97FF0CFB30C0019249" box="[163,272,1267,1288]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Parocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF0FF97FF0CFB30C0019249" box="[163,272,1267,1288]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Parocnus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), (
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[306,406,1267,1288]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Neocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[306,406,1267,1288]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF0FF97FE9DFB30C0879249" box="[306,406,1267,1288]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Neocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF0FF97FE9DFB30C0879249" box="[306,406,1267,1288]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[430,563,1267,1288]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[430,563,1267,1288]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF0FF97FE01FB30C3229249" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[430,563,1267,1288]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF0FF97FE01FB30C3229249" box="[430,563,1267,1288]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[579,701,1266,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[579,701,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF0FF97FDECFB31C3AC9246" box="[579,701,1266,1287]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF0FF97FDECFB31C3AC9246" box="[579,701,1266,1287]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)))). In one exception—in par_EW—
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[492,588,1298,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Neocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[492,588,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF0FF97FE43FAD1C35D9266" box="[492,588,1298,1319]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Neocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF0FF97FE43FAD1C35D9266" box="[492,588,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Neocnus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[601,728,1297,1318]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[601,728,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF0FF97FDF6FAD2C3C99267" authorityName="Anthony" authorityYear="1916" box="[601,728,1297,1318]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Acratocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF0FF97FDF6FAD2C3C99267" box="[601,728,1297,1318]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Acratocnus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[163,280,1328,1349]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[163,280,1328,1349]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF0FF97FF0CFAF3C0099204" box="[163,280,1328,1349]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Choloepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF0FF97FF0CFAF3C0099204" box="[163,280,1328,1349]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Choloepus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
were recovered in a polytomy.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="23.[163,780,1082,1687]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Choloepodiniwassupportedbyeightsynapomorphies (six for both methods and two exclusively for BI): snout downturned anteroventrally, in lateral view; evenly convex dorsal surface of the skull; minimum width of palate between toothrows equal or less than width of Mf2; absence of postorbital process of zygomatic arch; occiput wider than deep; presence of recessus meatus (BI); presence of a strong concavity between greater trochanter and the head of femur (BI); and patellar trochlea confluent with lateral, but not with medial condylar surface.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF936AEFFF0FF97FF14FA8DC07491D6" blockId="23.[163,780,1082,1687]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1528">Choloepodiniwassupportedbyeightsynapomorphies (six for both methods and two exclusively for BI): snout downturned anteroventrally, in lateral view; evenly convex dorsal surface of the skull; minimum width of palate between toothrows equal or less than width of Mf2; absence of postorbital process of zygomatic arch; occiput wider than deep; presence of recessus meatus (BI); presence of a strong concavity between greater trochanter and the head of femur (BI); and patellar trochlea confluent with lateral, but not with medial condylar surface.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,84 +1,86 @@
|
|||
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plus
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||||
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<paragraph id="8BF936AEFFF1FF96FC86FCE9C5C2947E" blockId="22.[809,1425,809,1475]" box="[809,1235,809,831]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">PP = 69, age = 8.66 Mya (6.84–10.85).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF936AEFFF1FF96FCEEFC8BC2CA9354" blockId="22.[809,1425,809,1475]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">
|
||||
This clade was recovered in most of the analyses performed in this study but was not well supported. The exceptions for the presence of the clade were two H models—IW10 and IW5, par_IW10 and par_IW5—in which the intertropical megalonychids were recovered more closely related to a clade uniting
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[1252,1374,993,1014]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1252,1374,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF1FF96FB4BFC22C44F94B7" box="[1252,1374,993,1014]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megalonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF1FF96FB4BFC22C44F94B7" box="[1252,1374,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Megalonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hirschfeld & Webb" authorityYear="1968" box="[809,981,1024,1045]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Pliometanastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[809,981,1024,1045]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Pliometanastes</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF1FF96FC86FBC3C2C49354" authorityName="Hirschfeld & Webb" authorityYear="1968" box="[809,981,1024,1045]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Pliometanastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF1FF96FC86FBC3C2C49354" box="[809,981,1024,1045]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Pliometanastes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="22.[809,1425,809,1475]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">The clade was supported by 11 synapomorphies (seven for both methods and four exclusively for BI): mandibular symphysis extends posterior or to the level to mf1; lateral edge of symphyseal spout not everted; temporal lines approximate midline, but do not meet to form a sagittal crest (BI); presence of a contact between maxilla and lacrimal, within orbit; absence of a crest at median suture of palatine; interpterygoid region narrower than interpalatine region (BI); presence of pterygoid inflation; presence of a median ridge of basisphenoid (BI); jugular foramen well separated from hypoglossal foramen; presence of glenoid posterior shelf; and convex posterior margin of ulnar diaphysis in lateral view (BI).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF936AEFFF1FF96FCEEFBDDC5D09283" blockId="22.[809,1425,809,1475]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">The clade was supported by 11 synapomorphies (seven for both methods and four exclusively for BI): mandibular symphysis extends posterior or to the level to mf1; lateral edge of symphyseal spout not everted; temporal lines approximate midline, but do not meet to form a sagittal crest (BI); presence of a contact between maxilla and lacrimal, within orbit; absence of a crest at median suture of palatine; interpterygoid region narrower than interpalatine region (BI); presence of pterygoid inflation; presence of a median ridge of basisphenoid (BI); jugular foramen well separated from hypoglossal foramen; presence of glenoid posterior shelf; and convex posterior margin of ulnar diaphysis in lateral view (BI).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,130 +1,132 @@
|
|||
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<paragraph blockId="22.[809,1426,1577,1906]" box="[809,1235,1577,1599]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">PP = 100, age = 4.44 Mya (1.93–6.98).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[809,1426,1577,1906]" lastBlockId="23.[163,779,197,986]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="1528" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">
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<paragraph id="8BF936AEFFF1FF97FCEEF98BC212949B" blockId="22.[809,1426,1577,1906]" lastBlockId="23.[163,779,197,986]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="1528" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">
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This clade, composed of the intertropical megalonychids
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[987,1126,1638,1659]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Australonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
,
|
||||
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|
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<emphasis box="[1290,1419,1639,1660]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Megistonyx</emphasis>
|
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|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McDonald, Chatters & Gaudin" authorityYear="2017" box="[809,970,1669,1690]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Nohochichak" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis box="[809,970,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Nohochichak</emphasis>
|
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|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF1FF96FC86F946C2DB91DB" box="[809,970,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Nohochichak</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stinnesbeck, Frey, Avíles Olguín, Stinnesbeck, Zell, Mallison, González González, Aceves Núñez, Velazquez, Terrazas Mata, Benavente Sanvicente, Hering & Rojas Sandoval" authorityYear="2017" box="[1039,1194,1669,1690]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Xibalbaonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1039,1194,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Xibalbaonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF1FF96FBA0F946C5BB91DB" authorityName="Stinnesbeck, Frey, Avíles Olguín, Stinnesbeck, Zell, Mallison, González González, Aceves Núñez, Velazquez, Terrazas Mata, Benavente Sanvicente, Hering & Rojas Sandoval" authorityYear="2017" box="[1039,1194,1669,1690]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Xibalbaonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF1FF96FBA0F946C5BB91DB" box="[1039,1194,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Xibalbaonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, was consistently recovered in all of our analyses, with two alternative arrangements: (
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[1039,1205,1730,1752]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Australonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1039,1205,1730,1752]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Australonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF1FF96FBA0F901C5A49199" box="[1039,1205,1730,1752]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Australonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF1FF96FBA0F901C5A49199" box="[1039,1205,1730,1752]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Australonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, ((
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[1254,1416,1730,1752]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1254,1416,1730,1752]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF1FF96FB49F901C4999199" box="[1254,1416,1730,1752]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF1FF96FB49F901C4999199" box="[1254,1416,1730,1752]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McDonald, Rincón & Gaudin" authorityYear="2013" box="[809,948,1762,1783]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megistonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[809,948,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Megistonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF1FF96FC86F921C2A591B6" authorityName="McDonald, Rincón & Gaudin" authorityYear="2013" box="[809,948,1762,1783]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megistonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF1FF96FC86F921C2A591B6" box="[809,948,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Megistonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), (
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McDonald, Chatters & Gaudin" authorityYear="2017" box="[985,1145,1761,1782]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Nohochichak" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[985,1145,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Nohochichak</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF1FF96FC76F922C56891B7" authorityName="McDonald, Chatters & Gaudin" authorityYear="2017" box="[985,1145,1761,1782]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Nohochichak" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF1FF96FC76F922C56891B7" box="[985,1145,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Nohochichak</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stinnesbeck, Frey, Avíles Olguín, Stinnesbeck, Zell, Mallison, González González, Aceves Núñez, Velazquez, Terrazas Mata, Benavente Sanvicente, Hering & Rojas Sandoval" authorityYear="2017" box="[1163,1317,1761,1782]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Xibalbaonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1163,1317,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Xibalbaonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF1FF96FB24F922C43491B7" authorityName="Stinnesbeck, Frey, Avíles Olguín, Stinnesbeck, Zell, Mallison, González González, Aceves Núñez, Velazquez, Terrazas Mata, Benavente Sanvicente, Hering & Rojas Sandoval" authorityYear="2017" box="[1163,1317,1761,1782]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Xibalbaonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF1FF96FB24F922C43491B7" box="[1163,1317,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Xibalbaonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
))) in all BI analyses and in par_EW, and (
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[1263,1418,1792,1813]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Australonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1263,1418,1792,1813]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Australonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF1FF96FB40F8C3C49B9054" box="[1263,1418,1792,1813]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Australonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF1FF96FB40F8C3C49B9054" box="[1263,1418,1792,1813]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Australonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stinnesbeck, Frey, Avíles Olguín, Stinnesbeck, Zell, Mallison, González González, Aceves Núñez, Velazquez, Terrazas Mata, Benavente Sanvicente, Hering & Rojas Sandoval" authorityYear="2017" box="[820,994,1822,1844]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Xibalbaonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[820,994,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Xibalbaonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF1FF96FC9BF8DDC2F39075" authorityName="Stinnesbeck, Frey, Avíles Olguín, Stinnesbeck, Zell, Mallison, González González, Aceves Núñez, Velazquez, Terrazas Mata, Benavente Sanvicente, Hering & Rojas Sandoval" authorityYear="2017" box="[820,994,1822,1844]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Xibalbaonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF1FF96FC9BF8DDC2F39075" box="[820,994,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Xibalbaonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McDonald, Chatters & Gaudin" authorityYear="2017" box="[1033,1212,1822,1844]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Nohochichak" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1033,1212,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Nohochichak</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF1FF96FBA6F8DDC5AD9075" authorityName="McDonald, Chatters & Gaudin" authorityYear="2017" box="[1033,1212,1822,1844]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Nohochichak" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF1FF96FBA6F8DDC5AD9075" box="[1033,1212,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Nohochichak</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[1251,1416,1822,1844]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1251,1416,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF1FF96FB4CF8DDC4999075" box="[1251,1416,1822,1844]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Ahytherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF1FF96FB4CF8DDC4999075" box="[1251,1416,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Ahytherium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="McDonald, Rincón & Gaudin" authorityYear="2013" box="[809,936,1854,1875]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megistonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[809,936,1854,1875]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Megistonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF1FF96FC86F8FDC2B99012" authorityName="McDonald, Rincón & Gaudin" authorityYear="2013" box="[809,936,1854,1875]" class="Mammalia" family="Megalonychidae" genus="Megistonyx" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF1FF96FC86F8FDC2B99012" box="[809,936,1854,1875]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1527">Megistonyx</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)))) for IW parsimony analyses. Ahytheriini was supported by 23 synapomorphies (13 for both methods and ten exclusively for BI): absence of fossa on palatal surface of maxilla posterior to Cf1; circular Mf1 cross-section (BI); ascending ramus of mandible partially covers posterior teeth in lateral view (BI); coronoid process not hooked posteriorly (BI); posterior external opening of mandibular canal opens anterolaterally, on ascending ramus; high and narrow braincase (BI); nasal uniform width in its posterior half, lateral margins parallel (BI); interpterygoid and posterior interpalatine regions of roughly equal width (BI); large sinus in pterygoid; ventrally situated infraorbital canal; absence of alisphenoidparietal contact (BI); presence of a marked postorbital constriction; postorbital process of frontal roughly at the level of maxillary foramen (BI); triangular occiput in posterior view (BI); occipital condyles situated well dorsal to the dentition (BI); anteromedially orientation of entotympanic (BI); weakly marked brachiocephalicus crest of humerus (BI); humeral head almost hidden behind the tubercles; anconeal process of ulna not extended anteriorly, not overhanging trochlear notch; widest extension of pronator ridge at the proximal half of radial diaphysis (BI); proximal half of femur narrower than distal half; intermediate tibial length, more than two times the width, but less than three times; and fusion of metatarsal I with entocuneiform.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,82 +1,84 @@
|
|||
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The clade is composed of
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and
|
||||
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<emphasis box="[827,968,1276,1297]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1524">Lestobradys</emphasis>
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and was recovered in all analyses, with the exception of par_EW.
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@ -1,82 +1,84 @@
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<paragraph id="8BF936AEFFF5FF92FCEEFE75C528954B" blockId="18.[809,1425,408,767]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1523">
|
||||
This clade contains the genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[1209,1372,438,459]" class="Mammalia" family="Mylodontidae" genus="Nematherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="18" pageNumber="1523" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1209,1372,438,459]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1523">Nematherium</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF5FF92FB16FE75C44D968A" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[1209,1372,438,459]" class="Mammalia" family="Mylodontidae" genus="Nematherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="18" pageNumber="1523" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF5FF92FB16FE75C44D968A" box="[1209,1372,438,459]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1523">Nematherium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[809,986,469,490]" class="Mammalia" family="Scelidotheriidae" genus="Analcitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="18" pageNumber="1523" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[809,986,469,490]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1523">Analcitherium</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFF5FF92FC86FE16C2CB96AB" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[809,986,469,490]" class="Mammalia" family="Scelidotheriidae" genus="Analcitherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="18" pageNumber="1523" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFF5FF92FC86FE16C2CB96AB" box="[809,986,469,490]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1523">Analcitherium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and was recovered in all analyses performed in this study.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="18.[809,1425,408,767]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1523">Nematheriinae was supported by seven synapomorphies, all recovered with both methods: anteroposteriorly ovate Mf4 cross-section; snout depressed anteriorly; external nares not greatly enlarged; absence of pterygoid inflation; presence of lacrimal eminence; presence of prominent lateral walls in lacrimal foramen; and jugal and lacrimal anteriorly overlapping facial portion of maxilla.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF936AEFFF5FF92FCEEFDD1C5DC95BE" blockId="18.[809,1425,408,767]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1523">Nematheriinae was supported by seven synapomorphies, all recovered with both methods: anteroposteriorly ovate Mf4 cross-section; snout depressed anteriorly; external nares not greatly enlarged; absence of pterygoid inflation; presence of lacrimal eminence; presence of prominent lateral walls in lacrimal foramen; and jugal and lacrimal anteriorly overlapping facial portion of maxilla.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,98 +1,100 @@
|
|||
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|
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<paragraph blockId="25.[827,1444,197,771]" box="[827,1267,228,250]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">PP = 100, age = 9.85 Mya (9.07–10.67).</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="25.[827,1444,197,771]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">
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|
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<paragraph id="8BF936AEFFFEFF99FCFCFEC1C50196D3" blockId="25.[827,1444,197,771]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">
|
||||
This clade was consistently recovered in all analyses performed in this study with an invariable arrangement:(
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brandoni & De Iuliis" authorityYear="2007" box="[993,1190,320,341]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Anisodontherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[993,1190,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">Anisodontherium</emphasis>
|
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|
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|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,(
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rovereto" authorityYear="1914" box="[1207,1437,320,341]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Pyramiodontherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1207,1437,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">Pyramiodontherium</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFFEFF99FB18FE83C48C9614" authorityName="Rovereto" authorityYear="1914" box="[1207,1437,320,341]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Pyramiodontherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B932EABCFFFEFF99FB18FE83C48C9614" box="[1207,1437,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">Pyramiodontherium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1921" box="[836,1002,350,371]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Megatheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[836,1002,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">Megatheriops</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFFEFF99FCEBFE9DC2FB9632" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1921" box="[836,1002,350,371]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Megatheriops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1796" box="[1030,1194,350,371]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Megatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1030,1194,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">Megatherium</emphasis>
|
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|
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<emphasis id="B932EABCFFFEFF99FBA9FE9DC5BB9632" box="[1030,1194,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">Megatherium</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, (
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Carlini, Brandoni & Sánchez" authorityYear="2006" box="[1221,1435,350,371]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Proeremotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[1221,1435,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">Proeremotherium</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFFEFF99FB6AFE9DC48A9632" authorityName="Carlini, Brandoni & Sánchez" authorityYear="2006" box="[1221,1435,350,371]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Proeremotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFFEFF99FB6AFE9DC48A9632" box="[1221,1435,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">Proeremotherium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spillmann" authorityYear="1948" box="[827,992,381,402]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Eremotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[827,992,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">Eremotherium</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFFEFF99FC94FEBEC2F196D3" authorityName="Spillmann" authorityYear="1948" box="[827,992,381,402]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Eremotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFFEFF99FC94FEBEC2F196D3" box="[827,992,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">Eremotherium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
))))).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="25.[827,1444,197,771]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">Megatheriini was supported by eight synapomorphies, all but one, recovered with both methods: thickness of cementum much larger than orthodentine; mf3 smaller than next smallest molariform; reflexed basicranial/basifacial axis; profile of nasal region and braincase relatively horizontal, but nasal region depressed relative to braincase; maximum length of nasal bones greater than or equal to three times the width of both nasals (BI); presence of ventral extension in maxilla for dental alveoli; concave mediolateral contour of palate; and occipital condyles situated well dorsal to the dentition.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF936AEFFFEFF99FCFCFE5FC5519442" blockId="25.[827,1444,197,771]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">Megatheriini was supported by eight synapomorphies, all but one, recovered with both methods: thickness of cementum much larger than orthodentine; mf3 smaller than next smallest molariform; reflexed basicranial/basifacial axis; profile of nasal region and braincase relatively horizontal, but nasal region depressed relative to braincase; maximum length of nasal bones greater than or equal to three times the width of both nasals (BI); presence of ventral extension in maxilla for dental alveoli; concave mediolateral contour of palate; and occipital condyles situated well dorsal to the dentition.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,82 +1,84 @@
|
|||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<paragraph blockId="25.[163,779,1446,1898]" box="[163,589,1446,1468]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">PP = 100, age = 7.67 Mya (5.60–9.67).</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph blockId="25.[163,779,1446,1898]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">
|
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|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF936AEFFFEFF99FF14FA06C3469176" blockId="25.[163,779,1446,1898]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">
|
||||
This clade was recovered in all analyses performed in this study, except, as stated above, in par_IW5, in which
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[286,485,1538,1559]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Aymaratherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[286,485,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">Aymaratherium</emphasis>
|
||||
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|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFFEFF99FEB1F9C1C0F49156" box="[286,485,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">Aymaratherium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[556,727,1538,1559]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Thalassocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[556,727,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">Thalassocnus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFFEFF99FD83F9C1C3C69156" box="[556,727,1538,1559]" class="Mammalia" family="Nothrotheriidae" genus="Thalassocnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFFEFF99FD83F9C1C3C69156" box="[556,727,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">Thalassocnus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are successive sister taxa to Megatheriini.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="25.[163,779,1446,1898]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">Thalassocnini was supported by five synapomorphies (one for both methods and four exclusively for BI): horizontal ramus of mandible length greater than or equal to two times the depth, but less than three times (BI); straight anterior edge of symphysis, in lateral view (BI); lesser tubercle of humerus less proximally projected than greater tubercle (BI); presence of entepicondylar foramen of humerus; and confluence of sustentacular facet and cuboid surface of calcaneus (BI).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF936AEFFFEFF99FF14F983C30B9028" blockId="25.[163,779,1446,1898]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1530">Thalassocnini was supported by five synapomorphies (one for both methods and four exclusively for BI): horizontal ramus of mandible length greater than or equal to two times the depth, but less than three times (BI); straight anterior edge of symphysis, in lateral view (BI); lesser tubercle of humerus less proximally projected than greater tubercle (BI); presence of entepicondylar foramen of humerus; and confluence of sustentacular facet and cuboid surface of calcaneus (BI).</paragraph>
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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</document>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,74 +1,76 @@
|
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87B8FFFFFF98FF3EFEF1C354932E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF87B8FFFFFF98FF3EFEF1C354932E" lastPageNumber="1529" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529">
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="24.[145,762,346,1135]" box="[145,598,346,368]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529">PP = 99, age = 17.11 Mya (16.20–18.61).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF936AEFFFFFF98FF3EFE98C3479631" blockId="24.[145,762,346,1135]" box="[145,598,346,368]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529">PP = 99, age = 17.11 Mya (16.20–18.61).</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BF936AEFFFFFF98FF06FEBAC3429506" blockId="24.[145,762,346,1135]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529">
|
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The clade is composed of the genera
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[596,754,377,398]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Prepotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[596,754,377,398]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529">Prepotherium</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFFFFF98FDFBFEBAC3E396CF" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[596,754,377,398]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Prepotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B932EABCFFFFFF98FDFBFEBAC3E396CF" box="[596,754,377,398]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529">Prepotherium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[145,244,408,429]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Planops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[145,244,408,429]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529">Planops</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFFFFF98FF3EFE5BC1E596EC" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[145,244,408,429]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Planops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B932EABCFFFFFF98FF3EFE5BC1E596EC" box="[145,244,408,429]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529">Planops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[313,482,408,429]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Prepoplanops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[313,482,408,429]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529">Prepoplanops</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFFFFF98FE96FE5BC0F396EC" box="[313,482,408,429]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Prepoplanops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B932EABCFFFFFF98FE96FE5BC0F396EC" box="[313,482,408,429]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529">Prepoplanops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and was consistently recovered in all of our analyses.
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[504,595,438,459]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Planops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis box="[504,595,438,459]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529">Planops</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFFFFF98FE57FE75C342968A" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1887" box="[504,595,438,459]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Planops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFFFFF98FE57FE75C342968A" box="[504,595,438,459]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529">Planops</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was recovered as the sister taxon to a clade uniting the other two genera in all but four analyses, those with H models— IW10_e, IW10_p, IW5_e and IW5_p. In these cases,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[145,301,561,582]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Prepotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis box="[145,301,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529">Prepotherium</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFFFFF98FF3EFDF2C03C9507" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[145,301,561,582]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" genus="Prepotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B932EABCFFFFFF98FF3EFDF2C03C9507" box="[145,301,561,582]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529">Prepotherium</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
assumed a stem position.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph blockId="24.[145,762,346,1135]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529">
|
||||
<taxonomicName box="[169,400,592,614]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1543" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Prepotheriinae">Prepotheriinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BF936AEFFFFFF98FF06FD93C354932E" blockId="24.[145,762,346,1135]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1529">
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D2DFFFFFF98FF06FD93C0819527" box="[169,400,592,614]" class="Mammalia" family="Megatheriidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pilosa" pageId="24" pageNumber="1543" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Prepotheriinae">Prepotheriinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
was supported by 14 synapomorphies (ten for both methods and four exclusively for BI): absence of fossa anterior to Cf1 (BI); posterior segments of temporal lines run anterior to but closely parallel the nuchal crest (BI); postorbital process roughly at the level of maxillary foramen; triangular occiput in posterior view (BI); condyles lie just posterior, almost continuous with hypoglossal foramina (BI); absence of styliform process of ectotympanic; anteroposterior orientation of entotympanic; ventrolateral orientation of stylohyal articulation; presence of glenoid posterior shelf; strongly marked brachiocephalicus crest of humerus; medial epicondyle of humerus rounded to slightly pointed laterally; proximal half of femur wider than distal half; calcaneus tuberous and expanded, with distal apex rounded; and confluence of sustentacular facet and cuboid surface of calcaneus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,84 +1,84 @@
|
|||
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<mods:affiliation>JURASSICA Museum, Route de Fontenais 21. 2900 Porrentruy, Switzerland & Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musee 6, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E574A7E208B5590C3C55C65743E7139F">Cernansky, Andrej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A692F83471C7F512A335E4C5BE14D241">Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
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|
||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
|
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<mods:namePart id="24BFF9A1310E2A21C16F13CF53CCDE4A">Moers, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:identifier id="96ED0E4DA790CD88FF73574B0132CC26" type="Pensoft-Pub">2193-0074-1-99</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="0273FFA904B58D70E87F536030E3AB31" type="ZooBank">7A16698D4F1848D29D9651A6E0CC15AC</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="B2270735202A8050F1955D6C66098955" type="Pensoft-UUID">2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ED8797D9-46FE-4462-BA43-A32D16934582" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18CE628A273956928FE5881DC6263025" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/ED8797D9-46FE-4462-BA43-A32D16934582" authority="gen. et" authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus echzellensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="echzellensis" status="sp. nov.">Smithosaurus echzellensis gen. et</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="99">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<treatment id="18CE628A273956928FE5881DC6263025" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203870933" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ED8797D9-46FE-4462-BA43-A32D16934582" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/18CE628A273956928FE5881DC6263025" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" scope_family="Anguidae" scope_order="Squamata" scope_subClass="Lissamphibia" scope_subFamily="Anguinae" scope_subOrder="Iguania">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="269AF51CD8ED5CFE10D71A28E4BF014D" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="90A98D5B2101B1DA77D8A3AB91E3A67B" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C26C624016503D80D407DCD9E7DFB5CA" LSID="http://zoobank.org/ED8797D9-46FE-4462-BA43-A32D16934582" authority="gen. et" authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus echzellensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="echzellensis" status="sp. nov.">Smithosaurus echzellensis gen. et</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="789B5DB95A354F8201278C2342E9018B" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Vasilyan & Čerňanský & Szyndlar & Mörs, 2022" authorityName="Vasilyan & Čerňanský & Szyndlar & Mörs" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus spinari" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinari" status="sp. nov.">Ophisaurus spinari</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1921A045047738FAA858F0BA34B75BF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DA5EB6C8400F8ABA9A1C97BAA14DB131" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="60A037C9FC306A938BED6C9477417DD8" authority="Vasilyan & Čerňanský & Szyndlar & Mörs, 2022" authorityName="Vasilyan & Čerňanský & Szyndlar & Mörs" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus spinari" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="spinari" status="sp. nov.">Ophisaurus spinari</taxonomicName>
|
||||
2014
|
||||
<taxonomicName authority="Vasilyan & Čerňanský & Szyndlar & Mörs, 2022" authorityName="Vasilyan & Čerňanský & Szyndlar & Mörs" authorityYear="2022" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus spinari" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinari" status="sp. nov.">Ophisaurus spinari</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D081AD950331D057C3D7E18C22DB638B" authority="Vasilyan & Čerňanský & Szyndlar & Mörs, 2022" authorityName="Vasilyan & Čerňanský & Szyndlar & Mörs" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus spinari" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="spinari" status="sp. nov.">Ophisaurus spinari</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhme">Boehme</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="3093A810E1EBB130BBD8FD17C9C26D7A" originalValue="Böhme">Boehme</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Vasilyan: p. 29, fig. 3f.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Based on the locality Echzell in Germany - one of two known localities, where this taxon occurred.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9F34215F96768EAFF35C03D2E1CBDC06" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8980096ACC5B9A8FC663119D0AA996AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="4A9FA3C96F7031B298470D8F761F462A" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Based on the locality Echzell in Germany - one of two known localities, where this taxon occurred.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="holotype">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">One parietal UMJGP 204.749.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AE10D3F79D539D30F676FA9FE640C8C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="holotype">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A9449CF6F00FEBD5BAE77BE211590E71" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BFB1E212B0389184957A794B78D03891" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">One parietal UMJGP 204.749.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="paratype">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Paratype.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">One parietal HLMD-Ez 1965.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0C8EEEF625B4F945456F1D0D6A7F4719" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="paratype">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AC26917B725B3383C7EDF0A7E7D859F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Paratype.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E6BBB2E3E3D1DF21ACC0F7E0943F9728" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">One parietal HLMD-Ez 1965.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="range">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Range.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Germany (Echzell), early Miocene; Austria (Gratkorn), late middle Miocene.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EF5AA95B3443C974F6C66743BA76B759" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="range">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4132EDFCC3D4865269BFFADBEF03135E" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Range.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A6367EB16EF76EAEEB69014AD3ECCF2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Germany (Echzell), early Miocene; Austria (Gratkorn), late middle Miocene.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BA25F6A848020981AA28E674082E676A" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4D45533924A6DFF80F9C684C5BCD781B" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="626A6E78A230231C21E7A79DF7700C86" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
Both parietals - HLMD-Ez 1965 from the early Miocene Echzell locality and UMJGP 204.749 from the late middle Miocene Gratkorn locality in Austria (see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-013-0143-7" author="Boehme, M" journalOrPublisher="Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="21 - 40" refId="B9" refString="Boehme, M, Vasilyan, D, 2014. Ectothermic vertebrates from the late Middle Miocene of Gratkorn (Austria, Styria). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 94: 21 - 40, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-013-0143-7" title="Ectothermic vertebrates from the late Middle Miocene of Gratkorn (Austria, Styria)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-013-0143-7" volume="94" year="2014">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Böhme">Boehme</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A41173C2FDAF5678DA85F5BA44C8292D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-013-0143-7" author="Boehme, M" journalOrPublisher="Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="21 - 40" refId="B9" refString="Boehme, M, Vasilyan, D, 2014. Ectothermic vertebrates from the late Middle Miocene of Gratkorn (Austria, Styria). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 94: 21 - 40, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-013-0143-7" title="Ectothermic vertebrates from the late Middle Miocene of Gratkorn (Austria, Styria)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-013-0143-7" volume="94" year="2014">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D7838D6AC2F22FB154530983D635A604" originalValue="Böhme">Boehme</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Vasilyan 2014
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; fig. 3f), exhibit the same unique combination of features and can be placed to a single taxon without any doubts. Because the parietal UMJGP 204.749 (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Smithosaurus echzellensis gen. et sp. nov. Holotypic parietal UMJGP 204.749 from the Gratkorn locality in (A) dorsal, and (B) ventral views. Paratypic parietal HLMD-Ez 1965 from the Echzell locality in (C) dorsal and (D) ventral views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682233" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">13A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="14A7F616DF64686D25F7977D0B508A58" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Smithosaurus echzellensis gen. et sp. nov. Holotypic parietal UMJGP 204.749 from the Gratkorn locality in (A) dorsal, and (B) ventral views. Paratypic parietal HLMD-Ez 1965 from the Echzell locality in (C) dorsal and (D) ventral views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682233" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">13A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is better preserved than HLMD-Ez 1965 (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Smithosaurus echzellensis gen. et sp. nov. Holotypic parietal UMJGP 204.749 from the Gratkorn locality in (A) dorsal, and (B) ventral views. Paratypic parietal HLMD-Ez 1965 from the Echzell locality in (C) dorsal and (D) ventral views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682233" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">13C, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="6E4FDAF8031C3E36B3A8B513631BC2BF" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Smithosaurus echzellensis gen. et sp. nov. Holotypic parietal UMJGP 204.749 from the Gratkorn locality in (A) dorsal, and (B) ventral views. Paratypic parietal HLMD-Ez 1965 from the Echzell locality in (C) dorsal and (D) ventral views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682233" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">13C, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), it has been designated as the holotype for the new taxon.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682233" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus echzellensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="echzellensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus echzellensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="0BC55DA5176DD537D4EC92CD43AAB544" doi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682233" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1EB6002E7959BECE79C35555D5C5FF2F" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5651683F8EE1B7E2780B2FA1EA086C93" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F207B2734437C1F5804E516ADC7B8523" authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus echzellensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="echzellensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1FFDA5618ED70023F4A14CED34B7A2DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus echzellensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
gen. et sp. nov. Holotypic parietal UMJGP 204.749 from the Gratkorn locality in (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F20A3FE3E55C00B772FA3DACA0093D8C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
|
||||
) dorsal, and (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="8F95CE96DB26A7FB3C96BBB949C87C6E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
|
||||
) ventral views. Paratypic parietal HLMD-Ez 1965 from the Echzell locality in (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3F944C960ADC0D130ACC794817349145" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
|
||||
) dorsal and (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F2D213A185493FD05342DFD0A47A097F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
|
||||
) ventral views.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F0FEFCC3BC6B8B29EF96986095951C4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9CAF0F4CC81DDD9E03A98A99FBE1137D" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0DA06A76C2C4F82F0AB64344E2A02A1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
Anguine lizard distinguishable from
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="11BDEC3F34DD312C9E78932605F4ECD7" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="093B855EC16860A5C242AECD19EFAF52" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Anguidae" genus="Pseudopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Pseudopus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B593E3AE3A4F29B0612314D8B8F4CCE5" class="Mammalia" family="Anguidae" genus="Pseudopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4090411B87E12AB164329AA1079BA6A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Pseudopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="59B2B35F90CAD19EEC32E5D80DB8618D" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="ED21D7B4CBC2BB433731930C7FD6C815" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
by two autapomorphic features:
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">the parietal table gradually expands laterally in the anterior direction in an extreme way; thus, it appears to be distinctly constricted at the level of the parietal foramen or slightly posterior to it. The lateral margins of the table markedly diverge anterolaterally from this point, inclining at an angle of about 30° from the median plane. Posteriorly located lateral margins diverge gradually posterolaterally and continue to more-or-less straight supratemporal processes. Due to the lateral expansion of the parietal table, the anterolateral corner of the parietal table reaches further laterally than the supratemporal process. The ornamented surface on the dorsal side of the bone gradually widens anteriorly as well (in contrast to being rectangular);</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">the parietal cranial crests diverge in the anterior direction to form a V that separates the cranial vault from the muscular surface laterally (the anteriormost section of the crests bents laterally rather than medially).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Besides these two autapomorphic features, this taxon is characterized by the unique combination of the following characters: (1) the occipital shield is large, its anteroposterior length is longer than the length of the posteriorly located smooth area; (2) a narrow muscular surface is present; (3) a short postfoveal crest is present; (4) anterior end of the ventrolateral ridge of the supratemporal process joins the parietal cranial crest at the level anterior to the posteromedial margin of the floor of the parietal fossa. The parietal crest is sharp in the area of the junction; (5) the virtual line, continuing from the ventrolateral ridge of the supratemporal process to the anterior margin of the parietal table, reaches the level as the lateral margin of the parietal foramen here; (6) the supratemporal process has a smooth ventrolateral surface, which fluently continues anteriorly to the muscular surface of the parietal table; and (7) the supratemporal process is straight.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7264BBF3C5187F63D9EB004E73188161" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">the parietal table gradually expands laterally in the anterior direction in an extreme way; thus, it appears to be distinctly constricted at the level of the parietal foramen or slightly posterior to it. The lateral margins of the table markedly diverge anterolaterally from this point, inclining at an angle of about 30° from the median plane. Posteriorly located lateral margins diverge gradually posterolaterally and continue to more-or-less straight supratemporal processes. Due to the lateral expansion of the parietal table, the anterolateral corner of the parietal table reaches further laterally than the supratemporal process. The ornamented surface on the dorsal side of the bone gradually widens anteriorly as well (in contrast to being rectangular);</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="34EBD48001898BB8275744138267673D" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">the parietal cranial crests diverge in the anterior direction to form a V that separates the cranial vault from the muscular surface laterally (the anteriormost section of the crests bents laterally rather than medially).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1E016FDEF3C8E1E48DE631C58585614E" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Besides these two autapomorphic features, this taxon is characterized by the unique combination of the following characters: (1) the occipital shield is large, its anteroposterior length is longer than the length of the posteriorly located smooth area; (2) a narrow muscular surface is present; (3) a short postfoveal crest is present; (4) anterior end of the ventrolateral ridge of the supratemporal process joins the parietal cranial crest at the level anterior to the posteromedial margin of the floor of the parietal fossa. The parietal crest is sharp in the area of the junction; (5) the virtual line, continuing from the ventrolateral ridge of the supratemporal process to the anterior margin of the parietal table, reaches the level as the lateral margin of the parietal foramen here; (6) the supratemporal process has a smooth ventrolateral surface, which fluently continues anteriorly to the muscular surface of the parietal table; and (7) the supratemporal process is straight.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EF9E197FAFC4ACB49BE8A33DE5040BDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9C044B11FE09396184683E3C669B7AA0" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A1C9B9E602CE9CA97C926BA612B7D49C" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
Parietal: The parietal UMJGP 204.749 (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Smithosaurus echzellensis gen. et sp. nov. Holotypic parietal UMJGP 204.749 from the Gratkorn locality in (A) dorsal, and (B) ventral views. Paratypic parietal HLMD-Ez 1965 from the Echzell locality in (C) dorsal and (D) ventral views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682233" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">13A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DD325FA681312016B0EDA0F5E713E16F" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Smithosaurus echzellensis gen. et sp. nov. Holotypic parietal UMJGP 204.749 from the Gratkorn locality in (A) dorsal, and (B) ventral views. Paratypic parietal HLMD-Ez 1965 from the Echzell locality in (C) dorsal and (D) ventral views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682233" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">13A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) from Gratkorn is fairly preserved, whereas HLMD-Ez 1965 (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Smithosaurus echzellensis gen. et sp. nov. Holotypic parietal UMJGP 204.749 from the Gratkorn locality in (A) dorsal, and (B) ventral views. Paratypic parietal HLMD-Ez 1965 from the Echzell locality in (C) dorsal and (D) ventral views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682233" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">13C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1B04CDF0A1F308408DAA9C2F11E82A60" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Smithosaurus echzellensis gen. et sp. nov. Holotypic parietal UMJGP 204.749 from the Gratkorn locality in (A) dorsal, and (B) ventral views. Paratypic parietal HLMD-Ez 1965 from the Echzell locality in (C) dorsal and (D) ventral views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682233" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">13C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) from Echzell represents the posterior half of the parietal table, with the left supratemporal process being, however, only partly preserved. The description is therefore based mostly on the holotype UMJGP 204.749. The ornamented surface of several fused headshield osteoderms covers most of the parietal table. The ornamentation consists of well-developed foramina and pits of various sizes, being densely distributed. At the periphery of the ornamented surface, radiated grooves and ridges are developed. The interparietal shield is well recognized in both specimens. This region is pierced by the large anteroposteriorly elongated parietal foramen. Unfortunately, its anterior margin is not preserved. The occipital shield is very large. Its anteroposterior length is twice as long as the length of the posteriorly located smooth area. The parietal notch is well developed. The lateral (=parietal) shields are preserved (but note that the almost entire lateral margins of the parietal table in HLMD-Ez 1965 are damaged). The arcuate edge runs on the dorsal surface of the bases of the supratemporal processes and diminishes laterally. The right supratemporal process is almost completely preserved, being straight. The parietal table extremely widens anteriorly - so it appears to be distinctly constricted at the level of the parietal foramen or slightly posterior to it. Thus, the lateral margins of the table markedly diverge anterolaterally from this point, inclining at an angle of about 30° from the median plane. Due to the lateral expansion of the parietal table, the anterolateral corner of the parietal table reaches further laterally than the supratemporal process. The anterolateral corners protrude into anterolateral processes. The ornamented surface is not rectangular but gradually widens anteriorly as well. The anterior end of the interparietal sulcus lies medial to the anterolateral corner of the ornamented surface.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">On the ventral surface, many diagnostic features can be recognized. The oval parietal fossa is small, located in the central posteriormost region of the parietal table. The short postfoveal crests are well developed. In ventral view, both cranial crests are preserved, especially the complete right one, including the anterior portions missing in the Echzell specimen. The cranial crests are sharp. They diverge anteriorly, forming a V-shaped outline that separates the cranial vault from the muscular surface laterally. The muscular surface is narrow, but present. The virtual line, continuing from the ventrolateral ridge of the supratemporal process to the anterior margin of the parietal table, reaches the level as the lateral margin of the parietal foramen here. The ventrolateral ridge of the supratemporal process is well developed and preserved on the right side in UMJGP 204.749 and left side in HLMD-Ez 1965. Its anterior end joins the parietal cranial crest at the level anterior to the posteromedial margin of the parietal fossa. The cranial crest is sharp in this region. The root portion of the supratemporal process is broad. The other distal portion distinctly narrows posteriorly. The ventrolateral ridge is well developed. The supratemporal articulation extends anteriorly, being well visible on the lateral surface of the supratemporal process. Anteriorly to it, between the most anterior portion of the ventrolateral ridge and the anterolateral margin of the supratemporal process, a short ventrolateral surface can be recognized. This surface lies posterior to the parietal cranial crest-supratemporal process junction (note that it is broadly damaged in the Echzell specimen).</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682234" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6903E7EAEF6CE1FB896831E99F7582D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">On the ventral surface, many diagnostic features can be recognized. The oval parietal fossa is small, located in the central posteriormost region of the parietal table. The short postfoveal crests are well developed. In ventral view, both cranial crests are preserved, especially the complete right one, including the anterior portions missing in the Echzell specimen. The cranial crests are sharp. They diverge anteriorly, forming a V-shaped outline that separates the cranial vault from the muscular surface laterally. The muscular surface is narrow, but present. The virtual line, continuing from the ventrolateral ridge of the supratemporal process to the anterior margin of the parietal table, reaches the level as the lateral margin of the parietal foramen here. The ventrolateral ridge of the supratemporal process is well developed and preserved on the right side in UMJGP 204.749 and left side in HLMD-Ez 1965. Its anterior end joins the parietal cranial crest at the level anterior to the posteromedial margin of the parietal fossa. The cranial crest is sharp in this region. The root portion of the supratemporal process is broad. The other distal portion distinctly narrows posteriorly. The ventrolateral ridge is well developed. The supratemporal articulation extends anteriorly, being well visible on the lateral surface of the supratemporal process. Anteriorly to it, between the most anterior portion of the ventrolateral ridge and the anterolateral margin of the supratemporal process, a short ventrolateral surface can be recognized. This surface lies posterior to the parietal cranial crest-supratemporal process junction (note that it is broadly damaged in the Echzell specimen).</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="A9C8B1DC76D18D24A08847EAD97190EA" doi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682234" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
|
||||
<paragraph id="98CBCFC90A8189A85E2FF41D39D4E501" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D76019AABE715E1CF0EE77740A96451C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||||
Phylogenetic position of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus echzellensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="echzellensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus echzellensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="77035CEAAAF5BF773A2D078A57553F35" authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus echzellensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="echzellensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D8A0A92117DC07A69800EC7FBAD639A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus echzellensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DCE4DB50DF588DAD97911FF3ED147B06" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
Single parsimonious tree recovered by TNT using NT (New Technology) search (with ratchet) and 1000 iterations;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="835A495631053D88C22A2EBE54A07B16" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
Tree showing Bremer / relative Bremer values at nodes recovered by TNT.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">See the discussion part.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="6A9B29A5D86F74CFF6D86DCC83F0E418" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="82E279823A5D20749EF937205834C43E" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9D3385349928856A417C7BC9FFAC5223" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">See the discussion part.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="phylogenetic analysis of smithosaurus echzellensis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="315F3DD040349C6F4958BD58A12AD5B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="phylogenetic analysis of smithosaurus echzellensis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="78840AFB0FB577B014FA8434B6CB3E15" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
Phylogenetic analysis of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus echzellensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="echzellensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus echzellensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="69DD48D61EBD2C837BD336E178426130" authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus echzellensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="echzellensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EC1B1C3EB41AD6FB0DE0A7077B5FDB06" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus echzellensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<paragraph id="22124C52570752D9D46F2254B14884FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
The phylogenetic trees presented here are based on limited fossil material - the parietal, and thus more complete fossil specimens of this taxon are needed to draw more robust conclusions. However, in both two analyses,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus echzellensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="echzellensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus echzellensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E7D8CCF7711266B1A49EF873ECA160DB" authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus echzellensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="echzellensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E0AF21B68397901DF50A464068A73E46" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus echzellensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is consistently recovered as the sister taxon to either [
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuhn" authorityYear="1940" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisauriscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisauriscus quadrupes" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrupes">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisauriscus quadrupes</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7E106D692645013DE27C44854513C058" authorityName="Kuhn" authorityYear="1940" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisauriscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisauriscus quadrupes" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrupes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C2887FF16220551E80A9C0DC67D5453A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisauriscus quadrupes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klembara" authorityYear="2015" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus holeci" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holeci">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus holeci</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8E1ECB4652E2CAF855FC2A38175317A4" authorityName="Klembara" authorityYear="2015" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus holeci" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="holeci">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F9EB407341962562B500F06333F75E7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus holeci</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
] + [
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6821410F3CB52A5B3E5ECEBCB3FCCA40" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="528C021894E741F549D88F077D663AF3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="61E857DDD296BA51B823B2485AB184C9" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9A069D763770CE6EB2ED874BCD4D3E62" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
] (in the first analysis) or [
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AED054A6A850CF77893AB7C54762E51D" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3CD9A3FDB568D752B178A3B01602376C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BE550B20977F3359F39CFEE25444AB12" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="213A1FBCE8993A7D62FCA429A9470872" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
] (in the second analysis). In overall, the support for the clade is very low (no strict synapomorphy; the calculating Bremer supports collapsed the node into polytomy, see below) and thus, the interpretation of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vasilyan & Čerňanský & Szyndlar & Mörs" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C5B69B3A7A11B01F85BCBCC2F8317E67" authorityName="Vasilyan & Čerňanský & Szyndlar & Mörs" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B60F08473747D2BA4FE4E0DC8111BFEA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
relationship among anguines needs to be met with caution.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<paragraph id="18AA704D6DC3BAEFB4D5EB6386C3CB7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
A New Technology (NT) search in TNT produced a single tree (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Phylogenetic position of Smithosaurus echzellensis. A. Single parsimonious tree recovered by TNT using NT (New Technology) search (with ratchet) and 1000 iterations; B. Tree showing Bremer / relative Bremer values at nodes recovered by TNT." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682234" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">14A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="F1D626F6922690DB5C5796CB484E01BD" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Phylogenetic position of Smithosaurus echzellensis. A. Single parsimonious tree recovered by TNT using NT (New Technology) search (with ratchet) and 1000 iterations; B. Tree showing Bremer / relative Bremer values at nodes recovered by TNT." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682234" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">14A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The position of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus echzellensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="echzellensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus echzellensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="E43E54F77F1308740CD59D77B4D69B09" authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus echzellensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="echzellensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="25995FACE8D46721974DD8A1CF99F199" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus echzellensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is recovered as being sister to the clade [[
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuhn" authorityYear="1940" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisauriscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisauriscus quadrupes" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrupes">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisauriscus quadrupes</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3AA4E8A7D716CE69883B4EFF5C39739B" authorityName="Kuhn" authorityYear="1940" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisauriscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisauriscus quadrupes" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrupes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EA1548A8424823CA45A1198149B75083" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisauriscus quadrupes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klembara" authorityYear="2015" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus holeci" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holeci">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus holeci</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BB40530FAF0765FB5483D44A974286C4" authorityName="Klembara" authorityYear="2015" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus holeci" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="holeci">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AA0C860851F454C3EBA0EA5AAFA555ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus holeci</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
] + [
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="530F5E7F2C6098D11AD83A1A3B054935" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F8DB9751E99E55937B200765E1A83905" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46334422E271761A47D35329086B727B" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EF0292EC4CD8AD0E78F8420C26CB4DC0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(all others except of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Anguidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. holeci" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="holeci">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">O. holeci</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B2F5056656979BB734933CCD18EBBE17" class="Squamata" family="Anguidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. holeci" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holeci">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E94270F9A37ED060914E79919BBE5F88" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">O. holeci</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)]]. The calculating Bremer supports collapsed the node (Bremer value 1, relative Bremer 25; Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Phylogenetic position of Smithosaurus echzellensis. A. Single parsimonious tree recovered by TNT using NT (New Technology) search (with ratchet) and 1000 iterations; B. Tree showing Bremer / relative Bremer values at nodes recovered by TNT." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682234" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">14B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="C9B5692138593E4BE6B7840DC87F5DE6" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Phylogenetic position of Smithosaurus echzellensis. A. Single parsimonious tree recovered by TNT using NT (New Technology) search (with ratchet) and 1000 iterations; B. Tree showing Bremer / relative Bremer values at nodes recovered by TNT." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682234" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">14B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with the relationship among
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus echzellensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="echzellensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus echzellensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DEBDB4B996EDAB5DB99F59C1677B4461" authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus echzellensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="echzellensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0C01483C5200DDA61B6EE1746CFE216C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus echzellensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the clades [
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuhn" authorityYear="1940" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisauriscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisauriscus quadrupes" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrupes">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisauriscus quadrupes</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A34601E5520A2ED95FEF4C84947D299F" authorityName="Kuhn" authorityYear="1940" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisauriscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisauriscus quadrupes" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrupes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="04C2AA9EF6EDBBFADD6473EEDFF769C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisauriscus quadrupes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klembara" authorityYear="2015" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus holeci" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holeci">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus holeci</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CFA9D9367E76217E02CB22F501311C0C" authorityName="Klembara" authorityYear="2015" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus holeci" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="holeci">
|
||||
<emphasis id="11E091A8798137BE8A2444212312C5C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus holeci</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
] (Bremer value 3, relative Bremer 50) and [
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D17A8FF27648F80A866301B79E2C4764" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="46A1068CCE0EFD1C3CDDB4BB3BD44DA6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3A7CA1BD85F17BA088F46EF80D0E24F8" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="26F8AA7A18CE516C96D8419475DC941B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
] (Bremer 2, relative Bremer 50) being unresolved.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EF0B26EC2E728EF6414C2917E004B62D" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
The heuristic search in TNT produced two equally parsimonious trees. In both,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus echzellensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="echzellensis">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus echzellensis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1FAC5318C57AA36A27B7436D88E19182" authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus echzellensis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="echzellensis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="134C112B264F361F1DFA2008FCC6DAA4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus echzellensis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is recovered as sister to [
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8ABE870DD2C9C76D670937D40BBD8721" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E99A5C381DB4D87C70F80446CE263640" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F04F0CC8267BB8B90398D7F1BDBCD0F2" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8A6F1665C41D6CA40F8D0EF2BFA5D86" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(all others except of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Anguidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. holeci" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="holeci">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">O. holeci</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D4D5463188DFDA97937BA2D9429CA78B" class="Squamata" family="Anguidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. holeci" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holeci">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1D0FE6224A481C0F8AC38A649A86D49C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">O. holeci</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)], whereas
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuhn" authorityYear="1940" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisauriscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisauriscus quadrupes" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrupes">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisauriscus quadrupes</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D4CE324CAE4ECA4ACCDB438B0734C6DF" authorityName="Kuhn" authorityYear="1940" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisauriscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisauriscus quadrupes" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrupes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C1AD56807B5099EBB4E4EC8EBD37E002" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisauriscus quadrupes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klembara" authorityYear="2015" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus holeci" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holeci">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus holeci</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8757F0884A30AD6A603EE001E1EBA623" authorityName="Klembara" authorityYear="2015" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus holeci" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="holeci">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C3E1D76A6EB1CC07F34C2F8F37D224A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus holeci</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are sister to the clade formed by
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vasilyan & Čerňanský & Szyndlar & Mörs" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D5F846690C57DA3683E28D46C2268341" authorityName="Vasilyan & Čerňanský & Szyndlar & Mörs" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C5247DD93A93598B71C9E6A2E60A972D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6BE8B3404E36C62C8750FBD35F556715" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="18BCAA8BCF1851C421ACE07025FA1AD0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CF1CEA7BC4EF8F588123C1E0D0DF5D47" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2509A1682420989378A73F8A30E00AD7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(all others except of O.
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">holeci</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="82EE1D9B48CE8AB63E97A38168DC002D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">holeci</emphasis>
|
||||
). This is contrary to the results from the NT analysis (see above). In the strict consensus tree, however, the position of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vasilyan & Čerňanský & Szyndlar & Mörs" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8A66C01B8A9471B487872B7A2956BB63" authorityName="Vasilyan & Čerňanský & Szyndlar & Mörs" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" genus="Smithosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Smithosaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FADF195C79F458C00DD114A140A045A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Smithosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is unresolved among [
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuhn" authorityYear="1940" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisauriscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisauriscus quadrupes" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrupes">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisauriscus quadrupes</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FBA8E32983A119E2DC1FB82F13D5A2EA" authorityName="Kuhn" authorityYear="1940" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisauriscus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisauriscus quadrupes" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrupes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9CD36A64E6060900BC68BF7B4FCEFF5D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisauriscus quadrupes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Klembara" authorityYear="2015" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus holeci" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holeci">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus holeci</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BAADE4BC5E87698025919B565956DC45" authorityName="Klembara" authorityYear="2015" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus holeci" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="holeci">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8913A013BD177A97A560DDE4E336C2DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus holeci</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
] and [
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D44059B5D61F95AEEB713E168745E579" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5723F39AAA63A12DD22C3F7086348343" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6EA5539625C8AA8A06C0AFA1552CE386" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="60143E837F4B0D2997E058D8E6B91DB6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(all others except of
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Anguidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. holeci" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="holeci">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">O. holeci</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D1980CA440DCD854CF6E2812D235EE00" class="Squamata" family="Anguidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. holeci" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="holeci">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F1AACFD52692900E5D5289A68E56F052" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">O. holeci</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)], although all these taxa together form a clade. Thus, the topology of examined taxa in this strict consensus tree is identical to that figured in Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Phylogenetic position of Smithosaurus echzellensis. A. Single parsimonious tree recovered by TNT using NT (New Technology) search (with ratchet) and 1000 iterations; B. Tree showing Bremer / relative Bremer values at nodes recovered by TNT." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682234" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">14B</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E4464920B8F8DD877359A04A8BF12393" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Phylogenetic position of Smithosaurus echzellensis. A. Single parsimonious tree recovered by TNT using NT (New Technology) search (with ratchet) and 1000 iterations; B. Tree showing Bremer / relative Bremer values at nodes recovered by TNT." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682234" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">14B</figureCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,173 +1,173 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:title>Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany</mods:title>
|
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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="177622" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781" ID-GBIF-Dataset="879a081e-5c23-41a3-b500-84ae793fb677" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2193-0074-1-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" ID-ZooBank="7A16698D4F1848D29D9651A6E0CC15AC" ModsDocID="2193-0074-25-1-99" checkinTime="1667366289781" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew & Moers, Thomas" docDate="2022" docId="355978966049518B8F26EF3AEE1387DA" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilRecord 25(1): 99-145" docOrigin="Fossil Record 25 (1)" docPubDate="2022-05-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781" docTitle="Chalcides Chalcides sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" masterDocTitle="Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1732674429517" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A29F4D3DB013B931B16AE361598596D4">Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Vasilyan, Davit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>JURASSICA Museum, Route de Fontenais 21. 2900 Porrentruy, Switzerland & Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musee 6, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="AFF7A223342A08BE96523F183EA11809">JURASSICA Museum, Route de Fontenais 21. 2900 Porrentruy, Switzerland & Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musee 6, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AD85097E9EB8947FC985F1C095E17AE5">Cernansky, Andrej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8031687C6C4BB2E4D287A30FADC92A99">Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Szyndlar, Zbigniew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31 - 016 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="812F14F9FE3F6E5CEA8C5E6259680426">Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:355978966049518B8F26EF3AEE1387DA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/355978966049518B8F26EF3AEE1387DA" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<treatment id="355978966049518B8F26EF3AEE1387DA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203870949" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:355978966049518B8F26EF3AEE1387DA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/355978966049518B8F26EF3AEE1387DA" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" scope_family="Scincidae" scope_order="Squamata" scope_subClass="Lissamphibia" scope_subOrder="Iguania">
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cf.
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<taxonomicName LSID="35597896-6049-518B-8F26-EF3AEE1387DA" authority="Chalcides sp." authorityName="sp." class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalcides Chalcides" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="Chalcides">Chalcides Chalcides sp.</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="5A9322DD2B8CCE6F3F439DD382142DDB" LSID="35597896-6049-518B-8F26-EF3AEE1387DA" authority="Chalcides sp." authorityName="sp." class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalcides Chalcides" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="Chalcides">Chalcides Chalcides sp.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lacertidae indet. (A, B) and cf. Chalcides sp. (C-H) from the Echzell locality. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1992 in (A) lateral and (B) medial views with a detail of dentition. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1990 in (C) lateral and (D) medial views with a detail of dentition. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1994 in (E) lateral and (F) medial views with a detail of dentition. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1993 in (G) lateral, and (H) medial views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682232" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fig. 12C-H</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="0723E46821F58BA0D17562DAB4FB087A" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph id="87F3BC3EEDC19DB74DD65E109DACB361" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<figureCitation id="EF83E6DCF68C0160A7FE39D57876730B" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lacertidae indet. (A, B) and cf. Chalcides sp. (C-H) from the Echzell locality. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1992 in (A) lateral and (B) medial views with a detail of dentition. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1990 in (C) lateral and (D) medial views with a detail of dentition. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1994 in (E) lateral and (F) medial views with a detail of dentition. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1993 in (G) lateral, and (H) medial views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682232" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fig. 12C-H</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1990, six right dentaries HLMD-Ez 1993-1998, one left dentary HLMD-Ez 1999.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="2BC453E0485538EE07E567173CCDCA70" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C366E471C3C01398FFAB71932AEDBB45" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="87BB5A95E37776EFDDD49279151225CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1990, six right dentaries HLMD-Ez 1993-1998, one left dentary HLMD-Ez 1999.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<subSubSection id="9FDF24EBE9B9F77966AA5A49249096AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph id="F1F437E3D0C63D07A7C868847D93585A" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D1A0985995AC7D540087823AD0494BC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Maxilla: One fragment of a right maxilla is preserved. The specimen HLMD-Ez 1990 (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lacertidae indet. (A, B) and cf. Chalcides sp. (C-H) from the Echzell locality. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1992 in (A) lateral and (B) medial views with a detail of dentition. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1990 in (C) lateral and (D) medial views with a detail of dentition. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1994 in (E) lateral and (F) medial views with a detail of dentition. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1993 in (G) lateral, and (H) medial views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682232" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12C, D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="8C281E5B8B2786F5EACED30A7D4767C1" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lacertidae indet. (A, B) and cf. Chalcides sp. (C-H) from the Echzell locality. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1992 in (A) lateral and (B) medial views with a detail of dentition. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1990 in (C) lateral and (D) medial views with a detail of dentition. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1994 in (E) lateral and (F) medial views with a detail of dentition. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1993 in (G) lateral, and (H) medial views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682232" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) represents the posterior region of the maxilla. The lateral surface of this specimen is completely smooth. This maxillary fragment bears eight tooth positions with five teeth still attached). The nasal process is partly preserved. Note, however, that the dorsoventral height of the posteriorly located posteroventral process of the maxilla is still significant. Thus, it forms the wall along the entire length of the process here rather than narrowing posteriorly into a tip. Moreover, the shallow notch is developed posteriorly between the dental crest supporting teeth and the dorsally located wall. Although the posterior portion of this dorsal wall is broken off, it can be estimated that, when completely preserved, it exceeds the dental part posteriorly. The dorsal margin of the posteroventral process is slightly damaged, but this portion has a thicker appearance than the ventrally located region possessing a longitudinal depression. This depression partly forms a jugal facet. The ventrally located supradental shelf is thin and expands laterally. It is dorsally convex, but only a small portion is completely preserved. No alveolar superior foramen is preserved here. This highlights a possible anterior position of this foramen.
|
||||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<paragraph id="62C32A6FB4675BD14BF44B5529235813" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Dentary: The description is based on several fragments (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lacertidae indet. (A, B) and cf. Chalcides sp. (C-H) from the Echzell locality. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1992 in (A) lateral and (B) medial views with a detail of dentition. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1990 in (C) lateral and (D) medial views with a detail of dentition. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1994 in (E) lateral and (F) medial views with a detail of dentition. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1993 in (G) lateral, and (H) medial views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682232" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12E-H</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="43E1629E81ED4791999EDDB359853612" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lacertidae indet. (A, B) and cf. Chalcides sp. (C-H) from the Echzell locality. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1992 in (A) lateral and (B) medial views with a detail of dentition. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1990 in (C) lateral and (D) medial views with a detail of dentition. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1994 in (E) lateral and (F) medial views with a detail of dentition. Right dentary HLMD-Ez 1993 in (G) lateral, and (H) medial views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682232" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">12E-H</figureCitation>
|
||||
), most of which represent more-or-less anterior sections. The most complete specimen bears 20 tooth positions; however, its posterior region is broken off. The real tooth number is undoubtedly slightly higher. The dentary is slender, anteroposteriorly elongated. The bone gradually narrows anteriorly. In dorsal view, its anterior portion has a small medial curvature. The otherwise smooth lateral surface is pierced by several labial foramina located in the mid-portion of the bone. In medial view, the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Meckel`s">Meckel's</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="04A9E0D16FF2C20B5C84238EFBEEF1DD" originalValue="Meckel`s">Meckel's</normalizedToken>
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groove is narrow, but entirely open. The subdental shelf is medially protruded and robust, especially in the anterior region. It narrows posteriorly because of the presence of the splenial articulation facet. The symphysis is small, rectangular and somewhat narrow.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Dentition: The tooth implantation is pleurodont. The teeth are conical and high. They are closely spaced with small interdental gaps. The tooth crowns are mediolaterally compressed. Thus, the necks have a slightly lingually enlarged appearance. The tooth crowns have blunt apices. In medial view, they have a labial and lingual cusp. The lingual side, bordered by the culmen lateralis posterior and anterior, has striation formed by apicobasal ridges. They are more-or-less parallel to each other and their number usually varies from around five to eight. The labial aspect of the teeth appears smooth. Resorption pits pierce the tooth bases of some teeth.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="1C941001ACD5B3D3EAD4D4F3FC34BE7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Dentition: The tooth implantation is pleurodont. The teeth are conical and high. They are closely spaced with small interdental gaps. The tooth crowns are mediolaterally compressed. Thus, the necks have a slightly lingually enlarged appearance. The tooth crowns have blunt apices. In medial view, they have a labial and lingual cusp. The lingual side, bordered by the culmen lateralis posterior and anterior, has striation formed by apicobasal ridges. They are more-or-less parallel to each other and their number usually varies from around five to eight. The labial aspect of the teeth appears smooth. Resorption pits pierce the tooth bases of some teeth.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="EB4D60B85735B90E21C09B3186E1B8E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D5A1A56E0A6E9067B6BF11C8B4AA7EAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="62CC9CE1A69F97E651BE092FC4A8B080" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
All scincid elements here are assigned to one species based on the significant similarity in the dentition. Moreover, all elements are from the same locality and comparable in size. Besides tooth morphology (see Kosma 2004), the Echzell skink material can be allocated to the clade
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Scincidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A5110303D8818FD64B157F0A82F732F1" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Scincidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(sensu
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.4.2" author="Hedges, SB" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="317 - 338" refId="B59" refString="Hedges, SB, 2014. The high-level classification of skinks (Reptilia, Squamata, Scincomorpha). Zootaxa 3765: 317 - 338, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.4.2" title="The high-level classification of skinks (Reptilia, Squamata, Scincomorpha)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.4.2" volume="3765" year="2014">Hedges 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D439AC50AF6822BD6D8931CAF0281164" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.4.2" author="Hedges, SB" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="317 - 338" refId="B59" refString="Hedges, SB, 2014. The high-level classification of skinks (Reptilia, Squamata, Scincomorpha). Zootaxa 3765: 317 - 338, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.4.2" title="The high-level classification of skinks (Reptilia, Squamata, Scincomorpha)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3765.4.2" volume="3765" year="2014">Hedges 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scincinae">Scincinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="015D7603AD1C8E09A482BAA77BC0E502" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scincinae">Scincinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
sensu
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Estes, R" editor="Estes, R" journalOrPublisher="Stanford University Press, Stanford, California" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="119 - 281" refId="B38" refString="Estes, R, Queiroz, K, Gauthier, J, 1988. Phylogenetic relationships within Squamata. In: Estes, R, Pregill, G, Eds., Phylogenetic relationships of the lizard families. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California: 119 - 281" title="Phylogenetic relationships within Squamata." volumeTitle="Phylogenetic relationships of the lizard families." year="1988">Estes et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C5186FAF4128537DB30DE576C9B30883" author="Estes, R" editor="Estes, R" journalOrPublisher="Stanford University Press, Stanford, California" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="119 - 281" refId="B38" refString="Estes, R, Queiroz, K, Gauthier, J, 1988. Phylogenetic relationships within Squamata. In: Estes, R, Pregill, G, Eds., Phylogenetic relationships of the lizard families. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California: 119 - 281" title="Phylogenetic relationships within Squamata." volumeTitle="Phylogenetic relationships of the lizard families." year="1988">Estes et al. 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) based on the narrow but fully open Meckelian groove in the dentary. This is present in members of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Scincidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="576949490ECA1E51585B46E7B764169E" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Scincidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
clade and in, e.g.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Ateuchosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ateuchosaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ateuchosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6A0C9640DA0CA5D18241E4E0F2D1A2F8" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Ateuchosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ateuchosaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D322A3BB8E7C350B4C2ADDBA0A7BB1C1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ateuchosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, whereas it is closed in members of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" class="Reptilia" family="Acontiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Acontiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9A9397D800FF627CF170F8B28C993152" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" class="Reptilia" family="Acontiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Acontiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Sphenomorphidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="family">Sphenomorphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0E7766ABD41227AA13887F0B0C22615F" family="Sphenomorphidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="family">Sphenomorphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Eugongylidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="family">Eugongylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C63BB4CC2686C2B07100D0F48B24D375" family="Eugongylidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="family">Eugongylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Lygosomidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="family">Lygosomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F6326FE340557208BD8A045EB9518B3D" family="Lygosomidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="family">Lygosomidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName family="Egerniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="family">Egerniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D6B6C7788FE294F32763861EA93DA00D" family="Egerniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="family">Egerniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mittleman" authorityYear="1952" class="Reptilia" family="Mabuyidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Mabuyidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="382FA5BE4EF9D4BB62AF598EE2ECEC0A" authorityName="Mittleman" authorityYear="1952" class="Reptilia" family="Mabuyidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Mabuyidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see, e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Greer, AE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="151 - 183" refId="B55" refString="Greer, AE, 1970. A subfamilial classification of scincid lizards. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 139 (3): 151 - 183" title="A subfamilial classification of scincid lizards." volume="139" year="1970">Greer 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="53CB1FC3BC40548079D1D2ED6CF9172B" author="Greer, AE" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="151 - 183" refId="B55" refString="Greer, AE, 1970. A subfamilial classification of scincid lizards. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 139 (3): 151 - 183" title="A subfamilial classification of scincid lizards." volume="139" year="1970">Greer 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/AJZS031" author="Greer, AE" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 67" refId="B56" refString="Greer, AE, 1974. The genetic relationships of the Scincid lizard genus Leiolopisma and its relatives. Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series 22 (31): 1 - 67, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/AJZS031" title="The genetic relationships of the Scincid lizard genus Leiolopisma and its relatives." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/AJZS031" volume="22" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="339C110ADE30D525667D264C2201937B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/AJZS031" author="Greer, AE" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 67" refId="B56" refString="Greer, AE, 1974. The genetic relationships of the Scincid lizard genus Leiolopisma and its relatives. Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series 22 (31): 1 - 67, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/AJZS031" title="The genetic relationships of the Scincid lizard genus Leiolopisma and its relatives." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/AJZS031" volume="22" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, SE" editor="Gans, C" journalOrPublisher="Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 347" refId="B39" refString="Evans, SE, 2008. The skull of lizards and tuatara. In: Gans, C, Ed., The skull of Lepidosauria. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca: 1 - 347" title="The skull of lizards and tuatara." volumeTitle="The skull of Lepidosauria." year="2008">Evans 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="920DA220CA0AB49CABCFE16DBD6D9B06" author="Evans, SE" editor="Gans, C" journalOrPublisher="Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 347" refId="B39" refString="Evans, SE, 2008. The skull of lizards and tuatara. In: Gans, C, Ed., The skull of Lepidosauria. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca: 1 - 347" title="The skull of lizards and tuatara." volumeTitle="The skull of Lepidosauria." year="2008">Evans 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1670/08-126R.1" author="Hutchinson, MN" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="139 - 147" refId="B65" refString="Hutchinson, MN, Scanlon, JD, 2009. New and Unusual Plio-Pleistocene Lizard (Reptilia: Scincidae) from Wellington Caves, New South Wales, Australia. Journal of Herpetology 43: 139 - 147, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1670/08-126R.1" title="New and Unusual Plio-Pleistocene Lizard (Reptilia: Scincidae) from Wellington Caves, New South Wales, Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.1670/08-126R.1" volume="43" year="2009">Hutchinson and Scanlon 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C6745CD713796AD6F73CB57F4CFE6CE8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1670/08-126R.1" author="Hutchinson, MN" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="139 - 147" refId="B65" refString="Hutchinson, MN, Scanlon, JD, 2009. New and Unusual Plio-Pleistocene Lizard (Reptilia: Scincidae) from Wellington Caves, New South Wales, Australia. Journal of Herpetology 43: 139 - 147, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1670/08-126R.1" title="New and Unusual Plio-Pleistocene Lizard (Reptilia: Scincidae) from Wellington Caves, New South Wales, Australia." url="https://doi.org/10.1670/08-126R.1" volume="43" year="2009">Hutchinson and Scanlon 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24289" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="The Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1901 - 1934" refId="B29" refString="Cernansky, A, Syromyatnikova, EV, Kovalenko, ES, Podurets, KM, Kaloyan, AA, 2020b. The Key to Understanding the European Miocene Chalcides (Squamata, Scincidae) Comes from Asia: The Lizards of the East Siberian Tagay Locality (Baikal Lake) in Russia. The Anatomical Record 303: 1901 - 1934, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24289" title="The Key to Understanding the European Miocene Chalcides (Squamata, Scincidae) Comes from Asia: The Lizards of the East Siberian Tagay Locality (Baikal Lake) in Russia." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24289" volume="303" year="2020 b">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="4014DF156387F69CE1B03DFAC3349C78" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24289" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="The Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1901 - 1934" refId="B29" refString="Cernansky, A, Syromyatnikova, EV, Kovalenko, ES, Podurets, KM, Kaloyan, AA, 2020b. The Key to Understanding the European Miocene Chalcides (Squamata, Scincidae) Comes from Asia: The Lizards of the East Siberian Tagay Locality (Baikal Lake) in Russia. The Anatomical Record 303: 1901 - 1934, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24289" title="The Key to Understanding the European Miocene Chalcides (Squamata, Scincidae) Comes from Asia: The Lizards of the East Siberian Tagay Locality (Baikal Lake) in Russia." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24289" volume="303" year="2020 b">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="026DCDAC7C6B25265FFC59D49904A794" originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 2020b
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1279" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="Papers in Palaeontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="195 - 215" refId="B24" refString="Cernansky, A, Syromyatnikova, EV, 2021. The first pre-Quaternary fossil record of the clade Mabuyidae with a comment on the enclosure of the Meckelian canal in skinks. Papers in Palaeontology 7: 195 - 215, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1279" title="The first pre-Quaternary fossil record of the clade Mabuyidae with a comment on the enclosure of the Meckelian canal in skinks." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1279" volume="7" year="2021">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A7025EB68432F0AD0646489B21CB4AA1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1279" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="Papers in Palaeontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="195 - 215" refId="B24" refString="Cernansky, A, Syromyatnikova, EV, 2021. The first pre-Quaternary fossil record of the clade Mabuyidae with a comment on the enclosure of the Meckelian canal in skinks. Papers in Palaeontology 7: 195 - 215, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1279" title="The first pre-Quaternary fossil record of the clade Mabuyidae with a comment on the enclosure of the Meckelian canal in skinks." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1279" volume="7" year="2021">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A78A41770908C74E901EE7B02FD41610" originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Syromyatnikova 2021
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6CAAC320A9628ECA83E713B17936B819" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
The specimens resemble members of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalcides" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chalcides</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6617F501C6BB304CB8BFF70CB4171E8E" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalcides" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9590539D580FE2F37A800A8A0A1FC65D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chalcides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The Miocene species of this taxon is represented by
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalcides augei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="augei">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chalcides augei</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="75A31B1651108697CAAB31BE3AE1F491" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Chalcides" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chalcides augei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="augei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="91B5A6373F8920DD54C840C21B979DA6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chalcides augei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24289" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="The Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1901 - 1934" refId="B29" refString="Cernansky, A, Syromyatnikova, EV, Kovalenko, ES, Podurets, KM, Kaloyan, AA, 2020b. The Key to Understanding the European Miocene Chalcides (Squamata, Scincidae) Comes from Asia: The Lizards of the East Siberian Tagay Locality (Baikal Lake) in Russia. The Anatomical Record 303: 1901 - 1934, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24289" title="The Key to Understanding the European Miocene Chalcides (Squamata, Scincidae) Comes from Asia: The Lizards of the East Siberian Tagay Locality (Baikal Lake) in Russia." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24289" volume="303" year="2020 b">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="123E80697F97362684C7027F00CC076B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24289" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="The Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1901 - 1934" refId="B29" refString="Cernansky, A, Syromyatnikova, EV, Kovalenko, ES, Podurets, KM, Kaloyan, AA, 2020b. The Key to Understanding the European Miocene Chalcides (Squamata, Scincidae) Comes from Asia: The Lizards of the East Siberian Tagay Locality (Baikal Lake) in Russia. The Anatomical Record 303: 1901 - 1934, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24289" title="The Key to Understanding the European Miocene Chalcides (Squamata, Scincidae) Comes from Asia: The Lizards of the East Siberian Tagay Locality (Baikal Lake) in Russia." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.24289" volume="303" year="2020 b">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D8ABEDB82E37D15C1862C4DD84E94E65" originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 2020b
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and the Echzell material shows similarities to this taxon. Note that usually five striations are reported in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ch. augei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="augei">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ch. augei</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5648A0C9C3DAE294CD630AE3A8FEE950" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ch. augei" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="augei">
|
||||
<emphasis id="960C8EC3C5C2425B7A26FB2D728CD5CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ch. augei</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, it can range from five to seven, and the small variation in the number of striae (from five to seven ot eight) can be seen in specimens from Austria as well (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-016-0329-1" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="723 - 746" refId="B20" refString="Cernansky, A, 2016. Another piece of the puzzle: The first report on the Early Miocene lizard fauna from Austria (Ottnangian, MN 4; Oberdorf locality). Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 90: 723 - 746, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-016-0329-1" title="Another piece of the puzzle: The first report on the Early Miocene lizard fauna from Austria (Ottnangian, MN 4; Oberdorf locality)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-016-0329-1" volume="90" year="2016">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D5AADDAE037D081B536BAFAA4680B9D4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-016-0329-1" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="723 - 746" refId="B20" refString="Cernansky, A, 2016. Another piece of the puzzle: The first report on the Early Miocene lizard fauna from Austria (Ottnangian, MN 4; Oberdorf locality). Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 90: 723 - 746, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-016-0329-1" title="Another piece of the puzzle: The first report on the Early Miocene lizard fauna from Austria (Ottnangian, MN 4; Oberdorf locality)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-016-0329-1" volume="90" year="2016">
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<normalizedToken id="1AB91B0BB39C262AB8832F19DD98C057" originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
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||||
2016
|
||||
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|
||||
). However, the limitation of the Echzell material does not allow alpha taxonomy and caution is needed here.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,192 +1,192 @@
|
|||
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:35CF224F3C225FABA52DB2508CEF366B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/35CF224F3C225FABA52DB2508CEF366B" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName LSID="35CF224F-3C22-5FAB-A52D-B2508CEF366B" authorityName="Szyndlar & Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa hermi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermi">Bavarioboa cf. hermi</taxonomicName>
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<treatment id="35CF224F3C225FABA52DB2508CEF366B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203870952" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:35CF224F3C225FABA52DB2508CEF366B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/35CF224F3C225FABA52DB2508CEF366B" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" scope_family="Boidae" scope_order="Squamata" scope_subClass="Lissamphibia" scope_subOrder="Serpentes">
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<taxonomicName id="28752B7D3F659AE71FAA88C22650AEBE" LSID="35CF224F-3C22-5FAB-A52D-B2508CEF366B" authorityName="Szyndlar & Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa hermi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="hermi">Bavarioboa cf. hermi</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Snakes from the Echzell. A-E. Bavarioboa cf. hermi (HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra; F-J. " Colubrinae " indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra; K, L. Naja cf. romani (HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (A, F, K) lateral, (B, G, L) dorsal, (C, H, M) ventral, (D, I, N) anterior and (E, J, O) posterior views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fig. 18A-E</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="668661C8FEDADB3C872225079BACBA6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<figureCitation id="2E50B4053D6005456EC3980F73ABCEEF" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Snakes from the Echzell. A-E. Bavarioboa cf. hermi (HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra; F-J. " Colubrinae " indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra; K, L. Naja cf. romani (HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (A, F, K) lateral, (B, G, L) dorsal, (C, H, M) ventral, (D, I, N) anterior and (E, J, O) posterior views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fig. 18A-E</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Forty-two trunk vertebrae HLMD-Ez 2146-2148, one cloacal vertebra HLMD-Ez 2149, four caudal vertebrae HLMD-Ez 2150 and HLMD-Ez 2150a.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A0DE7079DA8ED6F8212AE33ED061DDB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BACB54D2DE4513BA2026D8AEA9597F72" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Forty-two trunk vertebrae HLMD-Ez 2146-2148, one cloacal vertebra HLMD-Ez 2149, four caudal vertebrae HLMD-Ez 2150 and HLMD-Ez 2150a.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="93F605CB6F385991EBF38DF5339C0D1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
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Trunk vertebrae: All but one trunk vertebrae come from the middle trunk portion of the column. Some of them are preserved in relatively good condition, perhaps due to their robust morphology as characteristic of constrictors. In lateral view, these vertebrae are as high as long. In dorsal and ventral views, they are distinctly wider than long. In the largest and best-preserved vertebra HLMD-Ez 2148, the centrum length measures 5.7 mm, centrum width - 7.2 mm, centrum length/centrum width equals 0.8. The interzygapophyseal constriction, especially in larger vertebrae, is weakly expressed. The centrum is subtriangular in shape. The haemal keel is prominent, broad and slightly broadening posteriorly. In a few vertebrae, however, the keel looks like a biconcave lens owing to the presence of a distinct constriction, located at the level of the subcentral foramina, and prominent broadenings at the anterior and posterior ends. The subcentral grooves and subcentral ridges are prominent. The neural arch is moderately depressed. The neural spine is very low (approximately three times longer than high), thick, and widening posteriorly (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Snakes from the Echzell. A-E. Bavarioboa cf. hermi (HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra; F-J. " Colubrinae " indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra; K, L. Naja cf. romani (HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (A, F, K) lateral, (B, G, L) dorsal, (C, H, M) ventral, (D, I, N) anterior and (E, J, O) posterior views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">18A</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="D12F010C1BFA6810CA70581E8B4D2F74" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Snakes from the Echzell. A-E. Bavarioboa cf. hermi (HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra; F-J. " Colubrinae " indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra; K, L. Naja cf. romani (HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (A, F, K) lateral, (B, G, L) dorsal, (C, H, M) ventral, (D, I, N) anterior and (E, J, O) posterior views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">18A</figureCitation>
|
||||
). It occupies more than one half the length of the neural arch and begins immediately behind the zygosphenal articular facets. The zygosphenal roof is slightly convex or roughly straight in dorsal view. The prezygapophyseal and postzygapophyseal articular facets are usually subsquare in shape. The prezygapophyseal processes (if preserved) are very short and hardly visible dorsally. The paradiapophyses are subsquare in outline, higher than long, with indistinct subdivision into para- and diapophyseal portions. The cotyle and condyle are slightly flattened. The subcentral and lateral foramina are large. The paracotylar foramina are absent (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Snakes from the Echzell. A-E. Bavarioboa cf. hermi (HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra; F-J. " Colubrinae " indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra; K, L. Naja cf. romani (HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (A, F, K) lateral, (B, G, L) dorsal, (C, H, M) ventral, (D, I, N) anterior and (E, J, O) posterior views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">18D</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="E84B70D22B91307244F3ABBC87CA9F12" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Snakes from the Echzell. A-E. Bavarioboa cf. hermi (HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra; F-J. " Colubrinae " indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra; K, L. Naja cf. romani (HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (A, F, K) lateral, (B, G, L) dorsal, (C, H, M) ventral, (D, I, N) anterior and (E, J, O) posterior views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">18D</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 18.</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="0D0A66684CCD41188998A2FA5774C6F8" doi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5D1B9779B4BC3A743BA098AFD35246B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B7198D17451EA15164EA992F85BCA2F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 18.</emphasis>
|
||||
Snakes from the Echzell.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A-E.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar & Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa hermi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermi">Bavarioboa cf. hermi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1CC5DCF4A9AFF741FE78AC1E703EAF8B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A-E.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8BA3E21D97E52958FF58D794A774417B" authorityName="Szyndlar & Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa hermi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="hermi">Bavarioboa cf. hermi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F-J.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="12A0058CC73B7DD2D59A14BB9E78A8B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F-J.</emphasis>
|
||||
"
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Colubrinae">Colubrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="36E6C81B44D50FEF3C8442F4F556F107" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Colubrinae">Colubrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
" indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K, L.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Reptilia" family="Colubroides" genus="Naja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Naja romani" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romani">Naja cf. romani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DA2FE315034FA033F7E606201C85E7C7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K, L.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9EAD7755DF6A6A0E07F116C1CEBA85BB" baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" family="Colubroides" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Naja romani" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="romani">Naja cf. romani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, F, K</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="387E66E7CD28B40584A7DD99D47C12C0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, F, K</emphasis>
|
||||
) lateral, (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B, G, L</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="820C92C2F2915FBD1710FFA8842F08ED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B, G, L</emphasis>
|
||||
) dorsal, (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C, H, M</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="69D7FD94E3029E4D2D5670C6F9713CD2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C, H, M</emphasis>
|
||||
) ventral, (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D, I, N</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="8ABDA3EC38B0CCA9C1151F66FA38CD2B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D, I, N</emphasis>
|
||||
) anterior and (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E, J, O</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="98737EBFC81493BA99770C4C58E902D4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E, J, O</emphasis>
|
||||
) posterior views.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">In the sole anterior trunk vertebra HLMD-Ez 2146, the haemal keel is replaced by a ventrally directed hypapophysis (its distal portion is broken). The neural spine of this vertebra is very short and relatively high in lateral view. Apart from these characteristics, the anterior trunk vertebra does not differ significantly from the middle trunk vertebrae.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<paragraph id="54F5B2204FA619E6E755FFDAFA05AD75" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">In the sole anterior trunk vertebra HLMD-Ez 2146, the haemal keel is replaced by a ventrally directed hypapophysis (its distal portion is broken). The neural spine of this vertebra is very short and relatively high in lateral view. Apart from these characteristics, the anterior trunk vertebra does not differ significantly from the middle trunk vertebrae.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C733B90675EBC7C61B9827E4538DE523" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
Cloacal vertebra: One cloacal vertebra HLMD-Ez 2149, as characteristic for the sacral portion of the column, is provided with paired lymphapophyses (their distal ends are broken). The centrum length measures 3.4 mm, centrum width - 4.1 mm, centrum length / centrum width equals 0.8. Surprisingly, located on the ventral side of the centrum, minute but distinct paired haemapophyses are present, thus far the trait unknown in the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar & Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AB2F8290669A3676EF3FFFCC4214BEA8" authorityName="Szyndlar & Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="94178ED61A2F89E79813BF440E9FBC50" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see below).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Caudal vertebrae: Four caudal vertebrae are provided with paired pleurapophyses (missing or partly missing in some vertebrae). In the largest caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 2150, the centrum length is 4.0 mm, centrum width 4.5 mm, centrum length / centrum width 0.9. Situated on the ventral side of the centrum, are short but distinct paired haemapophyses (partly broken).</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6D8F2D1A4DBD8481FB5CBFEB6700352A" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Caudal vertebrae: Four caudal vertebrae are provided with paired pleurapophyses (missing or partly missing in some vertebrae). In the largest caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 2150, the centrum length is 4.0 mm, centrum width 4.5 mm, centrum length / centrum width 0.9. Situated on the ventral side of the centrum, are short but distinct paired haemapophyses (partly broken).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BB2ECDD6D9922637EA638E8DB7F34EF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C71F4A6D4AD466FC46B112BA0BFF166A" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8F6C411DDB1CAA903A38AEEB84C8878F" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
The constrictor from Echzell displays clearly diagnostic features of the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar & Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DC1FA9FDDB634D93C23703A3A6EAED77" authorityName="Szyndlar & Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6EAAC652B60D9FA7A75068CFFBF37F19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, so among others: mid-trunk vertebrae distinctly wider than long; the interzygapophyseal constriction well expressed; the neural arch moderately depressed; the neural spine approximately as high as long, occupying one half the length of the neural arch; the haemal keel prominent; the zygosphene usually roughly straight; the prezygapophyses located clearly above the floor of the neural canal; the long axis of prezygapophyseal facets oblique in dorsal view; the prezygapophyseal processes weakly developed; the paradiapophyses subsquare in shape, with indistinct subdivision into para- and diapophyseal portions (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B127" refString="Szyndlar, Z, Rage, JC, 2003. Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow" title="Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe." year="2003">Szyndlar and Rage 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="CD0BE1575BB9A245A7D446301E511C74" author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B127" refString="Szyndlar, Z, Rage, JC, 2003. Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow" title="Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe." year="2003">Szyndlar and Rage 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). By their morphological characteristics and also relatively large size, the vertebrae are similar to those of the type species,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar & Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa hermi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa hermi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4D81150DEF8F4DE08532AA831991556B" authorityName="Szyndlar & Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa hermi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="hermi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5A50A4AFA052FB944EE462429ADE7AC3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa hermi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, occurring in the German and Czech late early Miocene (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Serie B (Geologie und Palaeontologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 47" refId="B128" refString="Szyndlar, Z, Schleich, HH, 1993. Description of Miocene Snakes from Petersbuch 2 with Comments on the Lower and Middle Miocene Ophidian Faunas of Southern Germany. Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Palaeontologie) 192: 1 - 47" title="Description of Miocene Snakes from Petersbuch 2 with Comments on the Lower and Middle Miocene Ophidian Faunas of Southern Germany. Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde." volume="192" year="1993">Szyndlar and Schleich 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="5E686F5E7F460695457920007C090BFF" author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Serie B (Geologie und Palaeontologie)" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 47" refId="B128" refString="Szyndlar, Z, Schleich, HH, 1993. Description of Miocene Snakes from Petersbuch 2 with Comments on the Lower and Middle Miocene Ophidian Faunas of Southern Germany. Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Palaeontologie) 192: 1 - 47" title="Description of Miocene Snakes from Petersbuch 2 with Comments on the Lower and Middle Miocene Ophidian Faunas of Southern Germany. Stuttgarter Beitraege zur Naturkunde." volume="192" year="1993">Szyndlar and Schleich 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B127" refString="Szyndlar, Z, Rage, JC, 2003. Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow" title="Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe." year="2003">Szyndlar and Rage 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="30B588647705A8E7B7E0C84B7910114B" author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B127" refString="Szyndlar, Z, Rage, JC, 2003. Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow" title="Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe." year="2003">Szyndlar and Rage 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a20" author="Ivanov, M" journalOrPublisher="Geodiversitas" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="343 - 376" refId="B70" refString="Ivanov, M, Cernansky, A, Bonilla-Salomon, I, Lujan, ÀH, 2020. Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokra-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications. Geodiversitas 42: 343 - 376, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a20" title="Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokra-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications." url="https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a20" volume="42" year="2020">Ivanov et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A6C6A31888744A0ADA0EEB3418515A62" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a20" author="Ivanov, M" journalOrPublisher="Geodiversitas" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="343 - 376" refId="B70" refString="Ivanov, M, Cernansky, A, Bonilla-Salomon, I, Lujan, ÀH, 2020. Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokra-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications. Geodiversitas 42: 343 - 376, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a20" title="Early Miocene squamate assemblage from the Mokra-Western Quarry (Czech Republic) and its palaeobiogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications." url="https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a20" volume="42" year="2020">Ivanov et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However, the peculiar hourglass-shaped haemal keels observed in a few trunk vertebrae suggest affinities with
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar & Rage" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa crocheti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocheti">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa crocheti</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D80A455C7B47149D52945B1560103DF9" authorityName="Szyndlar & Rage" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa crocheti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="crocheti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3549411B80ADFA4E1354E1BC079071EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa crocheti</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from the French late Oligocene. Interestingly, the sole mid-trunk vertebra of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar & Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D5914B247FBD1E010310902BD166F395" authorityName="Szyndlar & Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8575A6A6EA17A0F3705C28FCF73E68C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
reported from Turkey by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0075" author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="667 - 671" refId="B125" refString="Szyndlar, Z, Hosgoer, I, 2012. Bavarioboa sp. (Serpentes, Boidae) from the Oligocene / Miocene of eastern Turkey with comments on connections between European and Asiatic snake faunas. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57: 667 - 671, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0075" title="Bavarioboa sp. (Serpentes, Boidae) from the Oligocene / Miocene of eastern Turkey with comments on connections between European and Asiatic snake faunas." url="https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0075" volume="57" year="2012">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="2D2DB3F3C9D5980B231052248CA1366C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0075" author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="667 - 671" refId="B125" refString="Szyndlar, Z, Hosgoer, I, 2012. Bavarioboa sp. (Serpentes, Boidae) from the Oligocene / Miocene of eastern Turkey with comments on connections between European and Asiatic snake faunas. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57: 667 - 671, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0075" title="Bavarioboa sp. (Serpentes, Boidae) from the Oligocene / Miocene of eastern Turkey with comments on connections between European and Asiatic snake faunas." url="https://doi.org/10.4202/app.2011.0075" volume="57" year="2012">
|
||||
Szyndlar and
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hoşgör">Hosgoer</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5FD7B61A4D3554E366878E9E4F90DA9B" originalValue="Hoşgör">Hosgoer</normalizedToken>
|
||||
(2012)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
was provided with a similar (i.e.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar & Rage" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa crocheti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crocheti">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa crocheti</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="09A8555AA17563337B4E6AD34ED3CCC2" authorityName="Szyndlar & Rage" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa crocheti" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="crocheti">
|
||||
<emphasis id="64183BFA56E0DC6BAD855FF0CE370F63" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa crocheti</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
-like) keel. Nonetheless, other morphological traits of the vertebrae from Echzell suggest that the snake represented
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar & Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa hermi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hermi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa hermi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="AF6230715E0B757D4A6B9DCEDEF9C0D7" authorityName="Szyndlar & Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa hermi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="hermi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="894C983871D148E24E12AE41DBC47558" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa hermi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or a closely related form.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<paragraph id="DBC4201A916E4D2D240E7D8707939525" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
There is yet another strange anatomical peculiarity observed in the sole cloacal vertebra of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar & Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C9CEB2D78D3BA33516E98F6F68263290" authorityName="Szyndlar & Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DF490559344624B6BE6FA8568CD6EDEC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Echzell, namely the presence of the paired haemapophyses. This is surprising, because, in virtually all recent genera of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Boinae">Boinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8EA3645E271DF844393B1451D0F64F58" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Boinae">Boinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, haemapophyses are absent in the sacral region of the column as well as they are absent in the anterior caudals. Exactly the same morphological pattern was observed in some species of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Szyndlar & Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="CD86907908DF807A09D95E9B63E7F6D0" authorityName="Szyndlar & Schleich" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Bavarioboa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bavarioboa" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B565B9C816A7E34637B4EBB9E4189C44" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Bavarioboa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, whose vertebrae coming from the sacral / anterior caudal portion of the column of which were available (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B127" refString="Szyndlar, Z, Rage, JC, 2003. Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow" title="Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe." year="2003">Szyndlar and Rage 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="A88735B92FF6A78A08115A1CCD847C60" author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B127" refString="Szyndlar, Z, Rage, JC, 2003. Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow" title="Non-erycine Booidea from the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe." year="2003">Szyndlar and Rage 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). However, there is at last one exception from this tendency in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Boinae">Boinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="77711E60317BB7A6FC9835DC09728403" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Boinae">Boinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, namely, the presence of haemapophyses was confirmed in the posterior cloacal vertebrae (as well in the anterior caudals) in the living boine
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicrates cenchria" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cenchria">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Epicrates cenchria</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F1EAD172924E3531381CE3CEAAAA0BE1" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Boidae" genus="Epicrates" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epicrates cenchria" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cenchria">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CA246289AA5F5B4EFB8440DC2A7F0909" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Epicrates cenchria</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Szyndlar, unpublished observation).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,48 +1,48 @@
|
|||
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<treatment id="9090AF123CA89418F62CA7CF7002D049" ID-GBIF-Taxon="140245885" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9090AF123CA89418F62CA7CF7002D049" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9090AF123CA89418F62CA7CF7002D049" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<treatment id="9090AF123CA89418F62CA7CF7002D049" ID-GBIF-Taxon="140245885" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9090AF123CA89418F62CA7CF7002D049" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9090AF123CA89418F62CA7CF7002D049" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_order="Araneae">
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<subSubSection id="BD769FE804E7BD013E9FFC75AB2788B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
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|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4BC2EE1C95AA5AFAC693EADFBB057EC1" ID-CoL="6MW" ID-ENA="336678" authority="Koch & Berendt, 1854" authorityName="Koch & Berendt" authorityYear="1854" family="Archaeidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Archaeidae Koch & Berendt, 1854</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4BC2EE1C95AA5AFAC693EADFBB057EC1" ID-CoL="6MW" ID-ENA="336678" authority="Koch & Berendt, 1854" authorityName="Koch & Berendt" authorityYear="1854" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Archaeidae Koch & Berendt, 1854</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="FD0D5A99A2E17248B48152BDBD03E53D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ While archaeids have a substantial fossil record (12 genera;
|
|||
Forster & Platnick, 1984, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4D541881949A75A60278C8A3D68FF0A3" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Zephyrarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zephyrarchaea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zephyrarchaea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Rix & Harvey, 2012a, from Australia;
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3CBCE41C6088648CED5A597BDDC7AF2A" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Eriauchenius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eriauchenius" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eriauchenius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3CBCE41C6088648CED5A597BDDC7AF2A" genus="Eriauchenius" lsidName="Eriauchenius" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Eriauchenius</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B3C3E8C17EE57BFA8454A3AA7702407F" class="Arachnida" family="Archaeidae" genus="Madagascarchaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Madagascarchaea" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Madagascarchaea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
gen. n., from Madagascar; and
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,168 +1,168 @@
|
|||
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<mods:affiliation id="B7A3CFEA63BA317A57B5E250C6F189CD">Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
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Chamaeleo andrusovi
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, 2010b
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Chamaeleo andrusovi (A, B) and Chamaeleonidae indet. (C-M) from the Echzell locality. Frontal HLMD-Ez 1960 in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1961 in (C) lateral, (D) medial and (E) ventral views. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1962 in (F) lateral, and (G) medial views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1963 in (H) lateral, (I) medial, and (J) dorsal views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1964 in (K) lateral, (L) medial, and (M) dorsal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682231" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fig. 11A, B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="BF75B20D1FCAED58E48EE4163C3DF9A1" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Chamaeleo andrusovi (A, B) and Chamaeleonidae indet. (C-M) from the Echzell locality. Frontal HLMD-Ez 1960 in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1961 in (C) lateral, (D) medial and (E) ventral views. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1962 in (F) lateral, and (G) medial views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1963 in (H) lateral, (I) medial, and (J) dorsal views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1964 in (K) lateral, (L) medial, and (M) dorsal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682231" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fig. 11A, B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">One frontal HLMD-Ez 1960.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9EB6D1113892054861E01D43E5F2D771" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="0D98669A4AE26620E7763117B12AD81C" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E63917A076817EF5709EEF5D29831210" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">One frontal HLMD-Ez 1960.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EA395A5A6AF6FBD5B4124F3D5A3D4E86" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
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Frontal: The frontal is partly preserved. Only its posterior region around the parietal foramen (sensu
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3374/014.053.0101" author="Gauthier, JA" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="3 - 308" refId="B48" refString="Gauthier, JA, Kearney, M, Maisano, JA, Rieppel, O, Behlke, AD, 2012. Assembling the squamate tree of life: perspectives from the phenotype and the fossil record. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 53: 3 - 308, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3374/014.053.0101" title="Assembling the squamate tree of life: perspectives from the phenotype and the fossil record." url="https://doi.org/10.3374/014.053.0101" volume="53" year="2012">Gauthier et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="BDD5B9C51E324E7427C25A17443C1D89" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3374/014.053.0101" author="Gauthier, JA" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="3 - 308" refId="B48" refString="Gauthier, JA, Kearney, M, Maisano, JA, Rieppel, O, Behlke, AD, 2012. Assembling the squamate tree of life: perspectives from the phenotype and the fossil record. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 53: 3 - 308, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3374/014.053.0101" title="Assembling the squamate tree of life: perspectives from the phenotype and the fossil record." url="https://doi.org/10.3374/014.053.0101" volume="53" year="2012">Gauthier et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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: character 105) is available. The dorsal surface possesses well-developed ornamentation formed by large, robustly developed, and distinctly pustular protuberances (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Chamaeleo andrusovi (A, B) and Chamaeleonidae indet. (C-M) from the Echzell locality. Frontal HLMD-Ez 1960 in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1961 in (C) lateral, (D) medial and (E) ventral views. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1962 in (F) lateral, and (G) medial views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1963 in (H) lateral, (I) medial, and (J) dorsal views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1964 in (K) lateral, (L) medial, and (M) dorsal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682231" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">11A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="4CC218DB8B8F58347E4E42C084A31D4B" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Chamaeleo andrusovi (A, B) and Chamaeleonidae indet. (C-M) from the Echzell locality. Frontal HLMD-Ez 1960 in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1961 in (C) lateral, (D) medial and (E) ventral views. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1962 in (F) lateral, and (G) medial views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1963 in (H) lateral, (I) medial, and (J) dorsal views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1964 in (K) lateral, (L) medial, and (M) dorsal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682231" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">11A</figureCitation>
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). Only four are preserved (note, however, most of the dorsal surface of two of them is damaged). In the posterior region, the protuberances are large and somewhat anteroposteriorly elongated. They appear to be moderately spaced with a more-or-less complex structure (somehow resembling gomphothere molars). The internal surface of the frontal (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Chamaeleo andrusovi (A, B) and Chamaeleonidae indet. (C-M) from the Echzell locality. Frontal HLMD-Ez 1960 in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1961 in (C) lateral, (D) medial and (E) ventral views. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1962 in (F) lateral, and (G) medial views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1963 in (H) lateral, (I) medial, and (J) dorsal views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1964 in (K) lateral, (L) medial, and (M) dorsal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682231" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">11B</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="7E1B88B3FB3D425BF7E232CF08510F85" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Chamaeleo andrusovi (A, B) and Chamaeleonidae indet. (C-M) from the Echzell locality. Frontal HLMD-Ez 1960 in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1961 in (C) lateral, (D) medial and (E) ventral views. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1962 in (F) lateral, and (G) medial views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1963 in (H) lateral, (I) medial, and (J) dorsal views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1964 in (K) lateral, (L) medial, and (M) dorsal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682231" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">11B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is pierced by a small, elliptical foramen. It opens a canal that continues anterodorsally (note that the preserved dorsal surface is not pierced by it). Lateral to it, rounded, dorsally sloped ridges are well-developed. They form the border between the central, bulged region with its central shallow longitudinal depression and two additional distinct depressions located lateral to the central region. These lateral depressions become more distinct anteriorly, being gradually more recessed (in other words, the central region is deeper relative to the lateral areas). In the central region, another hole is preserved, which was most probably caused by damage.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682231" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cernansky" authorityYear="2010" class="Reptilia" family="Lacertidae" genus="Chamaeleo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaeleo andrusovi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andrusovi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chamaeleo andrusovi</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="A23A38E6D7E8B8E4D4621AFFC904F8D8" doi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682231" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D3CBA5891144121928C815B4C9F6770B" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B714BABE827E1D660A7A4D0DD1FFE3E7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B5C998C88241450EEA7CB0D46B89B452" authorityName="Cernansky" authorityYear="2010" family="Lacertidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaeleo andrusovi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="andrusovi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="067DE5153F34E2A567030CA4DC3C07EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chamaeleo andrusovi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5F6FDBBE3AB266BD7850956DE5027C61" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
) and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Chamaeleonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1F356ED08CE161455FA829C3B61638CB" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Chamaeleonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
indet. (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C-M</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0961E54CED5DE3001657A71FBB76ECCD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C-M</emphasis>
|
||||
) from the Echzell locality. Frontal HLMD-Ez 1960 in (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C90913DEAEF871A00300E229B8203319" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
|
||||
) dorsal and (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7C3916961BC60A1E78E66399F3C20A4E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
|
||||
) ventral views. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1961 in (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D87430654CA3B650A56878E2044A2039" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
|
||||
) lateral, (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F505A9DA49377EE5B358F035B08F8CEC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
|
||||
) medial and (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="8C7BE44083163CFFE2D23975BE10D326" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
|
||||
) ventral views. Right maxilla HLMD-Ez 1962 in (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="14020B5C965EF7DFDF9058613838AAB2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F</emphasis>
|
||||
) lateral, and (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C2ED46BF4F7332C183256D7648E1FE5C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">G</emphasis>
|
||||
) medial views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1963 in (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">H</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DCF7BECF87B253F8ACE30258302B6047" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">H</emphasis>
|
||||
) lateral, (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">I</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="921D64F605487BF29D4755D1E7C9F8D6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">I</emphasis>
|
||||
) medial, and (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">J</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="8F15319D2C89B7AF4F319AA684679D69" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">J</emphasis>
|
||||
) dorsal views. Left dentary HLMD-Ez 1964 in (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E9BD75E1FB6E77D29D517BD475DA4D99" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">K</emphasis>
|
||||
) lateral, (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">L</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6D14F2287A139A5E9E793FF55D16CEC5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">L</emphasis>
|
||||
) medial, and (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">M</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="68839DFE855E22B787CD94EA4D3F7F0D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">M</emphasis>
|
||||
) dorsal views.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0E9C70F59B38F0908FFA63FBF349C218" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="1F8E075419DF63CBC2F40E0D4DEA9B32" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="13EBB0D9365EE07471D616A955E421AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
Similar depressions located laterally from the central area with a foramen and being more anteriorly recessed, whereas the foramen opens a canal which continues anterodorsally, can be observed in extant
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Lacertidae" genus="Chamaeleo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaeleo chamaeleon" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chamaeleon">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chamaeleo chamaeleon</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="54BF8B0CEA0EAD599232B0876F9F0433" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" family="Lacertidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaeleo chamaeleon" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="chamaeleon">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3C9052F3C81B936AEEF393E834EB7DA0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chamaeleo chamaeleon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as well. The typical ornamentation formed by distinctly developed and complicated pustular protuberances, which are moderately spaced and not arranged in a ridge here, allows allocation of this cranial bone to the European Miocene chameleon
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cernansky" authorityYear="2010" class="Reptilia" family="Lacertidae" genus="Chamaeleo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaeleo andrusovi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andrusovi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chamaeleo andrusovi</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7DEFAF7FA2052BAF2AA8E78D72B6DF95" authorityName="Cernansky" authorityYear="2010" family="Lacertidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chamaeleo andrusovi" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="andrusovi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4284EBAFD396AFC0BE9FB8B404467CAB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chamaeleo andrusovi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2010.04.001" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="605 - 613" refId="B18" refString="Cernansky, A, 2010b. A revision of chamaeleonids from the Lower Miocene of the Czech Republic with description of a new species of Chamaeleo (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae). Geobios 43: 605 - 613, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2010.04.001" title="A revision of chamaeleonids from the Lower Miocene of the Czech Republic with description of a new species of Chamaeleo (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2010.04.001" volume="43" year="2010 b">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
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<bibRefCitation id="1012F9FD949C4FBF2B3B284499515CEF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2010.04.001" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="605 - 613" refId="B18" refString="Cernansky, A, 2010b. A revision of chamaeleonids from the Lower Miocene of the Czech Republic with description of a new species of Chamaeleo (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae). Geobios 43: 605 - 613, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2010.04.001" title="A revision of chamaeleonids from the Lower Miocene of the Czech Republic with description of a new species of Chamaeleo (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2010.04.001" volume="43" year="2010 b">
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<normalizedToken id="2B1EC5F63E71B9106673316C30B8E35D" originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
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2010b
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. This species was initially described from the early Miocene of the Czech Republic (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2010.04.001" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="605 - 613" refId="B18" refString="Cernansky, A, 2010b. A revision of chamaeleonids from the Lower Miocene of the Czech Republic with description of a new species of Chamaeleo (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae). Geobios 43: 605 - 613, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2010.04.001" title="A revision of chamaeleonids from the Lower Miocene of the Czech Republic with description of a new species of Chamaeleo (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2010.04.001" volume="43" year="2010 b">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
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<bibRefCitation id="CB3D4CCCFD10B000F02590F84C2A3A1D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2010.04.001" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="605 - 613" refId="B18" refString="Cernansky, A, 2010b. A revision of chamaeleonids from the Lower Miocene of the Czech Republic with description of a new species of Chamaeleo (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae). Geobios 43: 605 - 613, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2010.04.001" title="A revision of chamaeleonids from the Lower Miocene of the Czech Republic with description of a new species of Chamaeleo (Squamata, Chamaeleonidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2010.04.001" volume="43" year="2010 b">
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<normalizedToken id="6D2042E23794C655C836B6BC56B8448B" originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
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2010b
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and later recognized from other areas of Europe (e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1336-5" author="Georgalis, GL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B49" refString="Georgalis, GL, Villa, A, Delfino, M, 2016. First description of a fossil chamaeleonid from Greece and its relevance for the European biogeographic history of the group. Die Naturwissenschaften 103: e12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1336-5" title="First description of a fossil chamaeleonid from Greece and its relevance for the European biogeographic history of the group. Die Naturwissenschaften 103: e 12." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1336-5" year="2016">Georgalis et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="9EB8115FA7818DCCC2C595A293547E92" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1336-5" author="Georgalis, GL" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B49" refString="Georgalis, GL, Villa, A, Delfino, M, 2016. First description of a fossil chamaeleonid from Greece and its relevance for the European biogeographic history of the group. Die Naturwissenschaften 103: e12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1336-5" title="First description of a fossil chamaeleonid from Greece and its relevance for the European biogeographic history of the group. Die Naturwissenschaften 103: e 12." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-016-1336-5" year="2016">Georgalis et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-016-0252-1" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="329 - 354" refId="B27" refString="Cernansky, A, Szyndlar, Z, Moers, T, 2017. Fossil squamate faunas from the Neogene of Hambach (northwestern Germany). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 97: 329 - 354, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-016-0252-1" title="Fossil squamate faunas from the Neogene of Hambach (northwestern Germany)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-016-0252-1" volume="97" year="2017">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="F2F67FB84E31A6C09F70B6E570A22DAB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-016-0252-1" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="329 - 354" refId="B27" refString="Cernansky, A, Szyndlar, Z, Moers, T, 2017. Fossil squamate faunas from the Neogene of Hambach (northwestern Germany). Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 97: 329 - 354, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-016-0252-1" title="Fossil squamate faunas from the Neogene of Hambach (northwestern Germany)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-016-0252-1" volume="97" year="2017">
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<normalizedToken id="4CEA2C11E7735D0E2D60890B65CC6388" originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2017
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,113 +1,113 @@
|
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8920-2503</mods:nameIdentifier>
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||||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C5D72EB8009132E520D9037EED1F7955">Cernansky, Andrej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1CD29D8F27463983F5945FCE4B5AAA0A">Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Szyndlar, Zbigniew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31 - 016 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C28C9DBF2A28D7A043B457B85C56A48F">Szyndlar, Zbigniew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E20C95316837EB43ABED58D06ED9586F">Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31 - 016 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Moers, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2ACAC4C01D1C1E541AEC4F15A29AB63A">Moers, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2FF3965F4FA8C19315D5134852C412D6">Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>25</mods:number>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F2F61C839C4857E6BD63B16A4E759B22" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F2F61C839C4857E6BD63B16A4E759B22" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName LSID="F2F61C83-9C48-57E6-BD63-B16A4E759B22" baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Naja romani" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romani">Naja cf. romani</taxonomicName>
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<treatment id="F2F61C839C4857E6BD63B16A4E759B22" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203870944" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F2F61C839C4857E6BD63B16A4E759B22" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F2F61C839C4857E6BD63B16A4E759B22" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" scope_family="Elapidae" scope_order="Squamata" scope_subClass="Lissamphibia" scope_subOrder="Serpentes">
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<taxonomicName id="9FD19AD1ED0FB17772F78DE500F9D8E9" LSID="F2F61C83-9C48-57E6-BD63-B16A4E759B22" baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" family="Elapidae" genus="Naja" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Naja romani" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="romani">Naja cf. romani</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Snakes from the Echzell. A-E. Bavarioboa cf. hermi (HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra; F-J. " Colubrinae " indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra; K, L. Naja cf. romani (HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (A, F, K) lateral, (B, G, L) dorsal, (C, H, M) ventral, (D, I, N) anterior and (E, J, O) posterior views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fig. 18K-O</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="6E73BEB5DC1DD58777D929CA203ADB69" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A8458CB2EA83D1CE32D8F074CDBFC7FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="407793456577FB16A936B57FA94D77AA" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Snakes from the Echzell. A-E. Bavarioboa cf. hermi (HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra; F-J. " Colubrinae " indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra; K, L. Naja cf. romani (HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (A, F, K) lateral, (B, G, L) dorsal, (C, H, M) ventral, (D, I, N) anterior and (E, J, O) posterior views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fig. 18K-O</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Four fangs HLMD-Ez 2157, 50 trunk vertebrae HLMD-Ez 2151-5156.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="50878696C992E32B1BA94D44F3A4DF31" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="81715883BED675FCC3E6D86798D06FF1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="613577E927D095728DEA4D5EF0F1049A" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Four fangs HLMD-Ez 2157, 50 trunk vertebrae HLMD-Ez 2151-5156.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fangs: Four isolated teeth are venomous fangs. They are tubular, with acute distal tips. The discharge orifice, located on the anterior surface of each fang, is elongate and gladiate-shaped. The discharge orifice extends, towards the proximal end, in the form of a visible suture. The latter condition is characteristic of elapid snakes, whereas in viperids the anterior surface of the fang is generally smooth. Relatively small dimensions of the fangs suggest that they either belonged to juvenile / subadult individuals or were replacement (non-functional) fangs.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="1933D4F9DA9B4B068DB23554E34F8627" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="150784AB94D476A8BF2B15DBBA62D5BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="783EA10FAF76CB809C92FCF122CAAD19" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fangs: Four isolated teeth are venomous fangs. They are tubular, with acute distal tips. The discharge orifice, located on the anterior surface of each fang, is elongate and gladiate-shaped. The discharge orifice extends, towards the proximal end, in the form of a visible suture. The latter condition is characteristic of elapid snakes, whereas in viperids the anterior surface of the fang is generally smooth. Relatively small dimensions of the fangs suggest that they either belonged to juvenile / subadult individuals or were replacement (non-functional) fangs.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AB17DD5A70470477C6AAEAFE2B00C577" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
Vertebrae: Most vertebrae come from the middle trunk portion of the column. In the largest (but partly damaged) vertebra (HLMD-Ez 2151, Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Snakes from the Echzell. A-E. Bavarioboa cf. hermi (HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra; F-J. " Colubrinae " indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra; K, L. Naja cf. romani (HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (A, F, K) lateral, (B, G, L) dorsal, (C, H, M) ventral, (D, I, N) anterior and (E, J, O) posterior views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">18K-O</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="3F0277DF28A6BFC9368DFD834FB82D4D" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Snakes from the Echzell. A-E. Bavarioboa cf. hermi (HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra; F-J. " Colubrinae " indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra; K, L. Naja cf. romani (HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (A, F, K) lateral, (B, G, L) dorsal, (C, H, M) ventral, (D, I, N) anterior and (E, J, O) posterior views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">18K-O</figureCitation>
|
||||
), centrum length measures 7.1 mm, centrum width - 5.7 mm, and centrum length / centrum width ratio equals 1.25. At least in large vertebrae, the centrum is triangular in ventral view, with a flat or slightly concave ventral surface. The subcentral ridges are well developed, especially behind the paradiapophyses. The hypapophysis, preserved partly in few vertebrae, is thick, strongly inclined posteriorly and shows a straight anteroventral margin. The neural arch is rather depressed. The neural spine, preserved partly in few vertebrae, is approximately twice longer than high. Its anterior margin is straight. The shape of the posterior margin is unknown. The paradiapophyses are well developed with short but distinct parapophyseal processes (the latter is preserved only in two vertebrae). The zygosphenal roof is almost straight or slightly convex in dorsal view. The prezygapophyseal and postzygapophyseal articular facets are relatively small and oval-shaped. The prezygapophyseal process (preserved only on the left side of one vertebra) is well developed, somewhat shorter than the articular facet and possesses also a moderately obtuse tip. The cotyle and condyle are suborbicular or slightly depressed. The subcentral, lateral, and paracotylar foramina are distinct (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Snakes from the Echzell. A-E. Bavarioboa cf. hermi (HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra; F-J. " Colubrinae " indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra; K, L. Naja cf. romani (HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (A, F, K) lateral, (B, G, L) dorsal, (C, H, M) ventral, (D, I, N) anterior and (E, J, O) posterior views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">18K-M</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="2B988F58ABF95E19F4F40C8B5F46376F" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Snakes from the Echzell. A-E. Bavarioboa cf. hermi (HLMD-Ez 2148), middle trunk vertebra; F-J. " Colubrinae " indet. (HLMD-Ez 2159), middle trunk vertebra; K, L. Naja cf. romani (HLMD-Ez 2151), middle trunk vertebra. All vertebrae in (A, F, K) lateral, (B, G, L) dorsal, (C, H, M) ventral, (D, I, N) anterior and (E, J, O) posterior views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682238" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">18K-M</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A few trunk vertebrae coming from the posterior trunk portion of the vertebral column are more elongated than those from the middle portion. One vertebra (HLMD-Ez 2154; centrum length 4.1 mm, centrum width is 3.0 mm, centrum length / centrum width ratio 1.4) is provided with a completely preserved hypapophysis. The hypapophysis is dagger-shaped and directed posteriorly.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="ED26643109FE96B81F3DE427446FD6B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A few trunk vertebrae coming from the posterior trunk portion of the vertebral column are more elongated than those from the middle portion. One vertebra (HLMD-Ez 2154; centrum length 4.1 mm, centrum width is 3.0 mm, centrum length / centrum width ratio 1.4) is provided with a completely preserved hypapophysis. The hypapophysis is dagger-shaped and directed posteriorly.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="5E24B9BAE3B9302A168F627F97838AAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3D1A5E6823D2711011DB8A422AB13B9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="30D3DD935D8F6B02EFA4087DA4D8843D" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
Based on the overall vertebral morphology, cobras can be rather easily differentiated from other European fossil snakes. The vertebrae of cobras
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“mimic”">"mimic"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="5F62622D4BBD2ED5E4D1F6DFA0E7E169" originalValue="“mimic”">"mimic"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
the morphological pattern characteristic of large-sized
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“colubrines”">"colubrines"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1CC809FDA880505B652E339CB485A386" originalValue="“colubrines”">"colubrines"</normalizedToken>
|
||||
but, unlike the latter, they are provided with hypapophyses throughout the trunk portion of the column. The vertebrae described above generally display the anatomical features characteristic (e.g., dagger-shaped and posteriorly directed hypapophysis) of the extinct species
|
||||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" class="Reptilia" family="Colubroides" genus="Naja" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Naja romani" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romani">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Naja romani</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="490A0EADD35F90AD39B1CCF2D1D5B67F" baseAuthorityName="Hoffstetter" baseAuthorityYear="1939" family="Colubroides" genus="Naja" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Naja romani" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="romani">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4EB805F97C3360810C9C42AA460F230" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Naja romani</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographia Italica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="31 - 52" refId="B123" refString="Szyndlar, Z, 2005. Snake fauna from the Late Micoene of Rudabanya. Palaeontographia Italica 90: 31 - 52" title="Snake fauna from the Late Micoene of Rudabanya." volume="90" year="2005">Szyndlar 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="D0430366062A5FD1DCE873BC0C279BC9" author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographia Italica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="31 - 52" refId="B123" refString="Szyndlar, Z, 2005. Snake fauna from the Late Micoene of Rudabanya. Palaeontographia Italica 90: 31 - 52" title="Snake fauna from the Late Micoene of Rudabanya." volume="90" year="2005">Szyndlar 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Considering the fragmentary state of preservation of the fossils, we prefer to use the species name with the qualifier
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“cf.”">"cf."</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FA8CB5753D4EAC58A98C48FFFB076286" originalValue="“cf.”">"cf."</normalizedToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,145 +1,145 @@
|
|||
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC89A98367C45B4798C21B729E4C7F14" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC89A98367C45B4798C21B729E4C7F14" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName LSID="FC89A983-67C4-5B47-98C2-1B729E4C7F14" authority="indet." authorityName="indet." family="Salamandridae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="family">Salamandridae indet.</taxonomicName>
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<treatment id="FC89A98367C45B4798C21B729E4C7F14" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203870972" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC89A98367C45B4798C21B729E4C7F14" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC89A98367C45B4798C21B729E4C7F14" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" scope_order="Caudata" scope_subClass="Lissamphibia">
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<taxonomicName id="99D53A3A61FAACA33134964C49BE3547" ID-CoL="626WX" LSID="FC89A983-67C4-5B47-98C2-1B729E4C7F14" authority="indet." authorityName="indet." class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Salamandridae indet.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Vertebrae (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2059; F-J. HLDM-Ez 2060) and ribs (K. HLDM-Ez 2054; L. HLDM-Ez 2053; M. HLDM-Ez 2055) of Chelotriton sp. Frontal (N, O. HLDM-Ez 2038) and ribs (P, Q. HLDM-Ez 2036; R, S. HLDM-Ez 2037) remains of Salamandridae indet. from Echzell. Bones in (A, H, N) dorsal, (B, I) lateral, (C, J, O) ventral, (D, F) anterior, (E, G) posterior, (K, L, M, P, S) posterior / anterior and (Q, R) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682226" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fig. 6N-S</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="6A3D960558C11FC09371AD3E060C4B1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1E65746795A592D3E170D400B8AC08CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<figureCitation id="9AE847B0FFEE0E2612DF9EF0D3CC1D66" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Vertebrae (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2059; F-J. HLDM-Ez 2060) and ribs (K. HLDM-Ez 2054; L. HLDM-Ez 2053; M. HLDM-Ez 2055) of Chelotriton sp. Frontal (N, O. HLDM-Ez 2038) and ribs (P, Q. HLDM-Ez 2036; R, S. HLDM-Ez 2037) remains of Salamandridae indet. from Echzell. Bones in (A, H, N) dorsal, (B, I) lateral, (C, J, O) ventral, (D, F) anterior, (E, G) posterior, (K, L, M, P, S) posterior / anterior and (Q, R) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682226" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fig. 6N-S</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">One frontal, HLMD-Ez 2038, seven trunk vertebrae, HLMD-Ez 2034, 20 caudal vertebrae, HLMD-Ez 2035, nine vertebrae, HLMD-Ez 2051, 2052, 2062, two ribs HLMD-Ez 2036, HLMD-Ez 2037, two extremity bones HLMD-Ez 2052.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BD040BB1B7373061D5163A9B1CF018A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="76A935946EBFA378829420349C143FCE" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B3DF168E39DE210E7284F9CF0B8E8741" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">One frontal, HLMD-Ez 2038, seven trunk vertebrae, HLMD-Ez 2034, 20 caudal vertebrae, HLMD-Ez 2035, nine vertebrae, HLMD-Ez 2051, 2052, 2062, two ribs HLMD-Ez 2036, HLMD-Ez 2037, two extremity bones HLMD-Ez 2052.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description and remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<subSubSection id="D43969FF81D24F73557775F8F78CE855" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5E741EB7CB3402991E0A0FA2584FAC2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description and remarks.</paragraph>
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A single frontal, with a length of 6 mm, displays a flat dorsal surface (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Vertebrae (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2059; F-J. HLDM-Ez 2060) and ribs (K. HLDM-Ez 2054; L. HLDM-Ez 2053; M. HLDM-Ez 2055) of Chelotriton sp. Frontal (N, O. HLDM-Ez 2038) and ribs (P, Q. HLDM-Ez 2036; R, S. HLDM-Ez 2037) remains of Salamandridae indet. from Echzell. Bones in (A, H, N) dorsal, (B, I) lateral, (C, J, O) ventral, (D, F) anterior, (E, G) posterior, (K, L, M, P, S) posterior / anterior and (Q, R) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682226" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6N</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="DE71B82B3538E06625F73B9D03C06A84" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Vertebrae (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2059; F-J. HLDM-Ez 2060) and ribs (K. HLDM-Ez 2054; L. HLDM-Ez 2053; M. HLDM-Ez 2055) of Chelotriton sp. Frontal (N, O. HLDM-Ez 2038) and ribs (P, Q. HLDM-Ez 2036; R, S. HLDM-Ez 2037) remains of Salamandridae indet. from Echzell. Bones in (A, H, N) dorsal, (B, I) lateral, (C, J, O) ventral, (D, F) anterior, (E, G) posterior, (K, L, M, P, S) posterior / anterior and (Q, R) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682226" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6N</figureCitation>
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). In dorsal view, the most anterior portion of the bone possesses an articulation facet with the parietal that is covered by parallel to each other ridges. Comparison with recent similar-sized species shows most similarities with
|
||||
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Salamandra salamandra</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="CD49FD44D2C3B2CAA2600B0E696BEAF3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Salamandra salamandra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(MJSN-OS 806). However, due to the lack of comprehensive studies of the skull bones among salamandrids, an allocation of the bone to the family
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Salamandridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A4B1F10A4AEB496719BA36AA18C803AB" authorityName="Goldfuss" authorityYear="1820" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Salamandridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is more appropriate.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<paragraph id="08D98F8E0260D41230D789B9B0F697EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
The vertebrae are poorly preserved. They show ophistocoelous morphology partially with complex structures of haemal and neural processes, characteristic of the caudal region of the vertebral column (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimor-London" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="Duellman, WE, Trueb, L, 1994. Biology of Amphibia. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimor-London" title="Biology of Amphibia." year="1994">Duellman and Trueb 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="AD8E2DEAAC57219F74F8EC2D2E43BE48" author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimor-London" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="Duellman, WE, Trueb, L, 1994. Biology of Amphibia. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimor-London" title="Biology of Amphibia." year="1994">Duellman and Trueb 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). On the one hand, the poor preservation and, on the other hand, the poor knowledge on osteological differences of the caudal region in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chelotriton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelotriton" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chelotriton</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D9D640D415068607ECDEC88431119B90" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chelotriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelotriton" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A856FA2B112FC94156945D06349B71CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chelotriton</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Salamandra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="00F7CC012E0DA34B019FCFE84A71D55E" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3DA544008EDBDF9EEBFB0072BA78A7CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Salamandra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genera (both present in the fossil locality) make it at the moment impossible to identify the vertebrae correctly.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E63168AD3AC66DAFD95C2B5476294E13" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
Nine small-sized opistocoelous vertebrae are available in the material. They have variable preservation; however, a large number of structures/characters are missing for further identification. Considering the vertebra sizes as well as available similar-sized salamander taxa present in the material, most probably, they represent remains of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Lissotriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lissotriton" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Lissotriton</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8EC42E89B77EBEAAA4DEDD6B0E7423FE" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Lissotriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lissotriton" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3D6787E9135D3AD7FC30170C87AB8CA7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Lissotriton</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Mertensiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mertensiella" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Mertensiella</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DD7E138D51FA79A7924F4D0EF714882C" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Mertensiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mertensiella" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="473796D528FD0D845BA29D4A190AB9B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Mertensiella</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chioglossa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chioglossa" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chioglossa</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="41351B3FA40A05252F2612C126A1384C" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chioglossa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chioglossa" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EE72180AD4C811010904BC6135802C23" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chioglossa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The juvenile and most distal caudal vertebra of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Salamandra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2C5250DFBBE0FC74D96D61A3E4B9A5BA" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="E233BCE861BC8B5E1FCE022581B574DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Salamandra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chelotriton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelotriton" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chelotriton</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6C7EBD74DADAF50771659E58A05B0FEB" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chelotriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelotriton" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="325F08A837CE77D8FB98FB93EB86D202" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chelotriton</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can be excluded because in the former form the juvenile vertebrae are not fully ossified, whereas in the latter the dorsal tip of the neural crest possesses a ornamented surface, which is missing here.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<paragraph id="06AC65097F949AF52C41B27D8E8324C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
Two bicapitate rips are present (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Vertebrae (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2059; F-J. HLDM-Ez 2060) and ribs (K. HLDM-Ez 2054; L. HLDM-Ez 2053; M. HLDM-Ez 2055) of Chelotriton sp. Frontal (N, O. HLDM-Ez 2038) and ribs (P, Q. HLDM-Ez 2036; R, S. HLDM-Ez 2037) remains of Salamandridae indet. from Echzell. Bones in (A, H, N) dorsal, (B, I) lateral, (C, J, O) ventral, (D, F) anterior, (E, G) posterior, (K, L, M, P, S) posterior / anterior and (Q, R) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682226" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6P-S</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9076CFB0AFF5D43E30F4D6DC6C66DD57" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Vertebrae (A-E. HLDM-Ez 2059; F-J. HLDM-Ez 2060) and ribs (K. HLDM-Ez 2054; L. HLDM-Ez 2053; M. HLDM-Ez 2055) of Chelotriton sp. Frontal (N, O. HLDM-Ez 2038) and ribs (P, Q. HLDM-Ez 2036; R, S. HLDM-Ez 2037) remains of Salamandridae indet. from Echzell. Bones in (A, H, N) dorsal, (B, I) lateral, (C, J, O) ventral, (D, F) anterior, (E, G) posterior, (K, L, M, P, S) posterior / anterior and (Q, R) medial views. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682226" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6P-S</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Their lateral portion does not possess any process, which allows to exclude them from
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chelotriton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelotriton" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chelotriton</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C613917CA31A991F75FC6E32F4507A92" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Chelotriton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chelotriton" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C56B2F7377F60A271D5FB7B57B03644E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chelotriton</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Most probable, they should belong to the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Salamandra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="01E0C5988FB288485ECB0EDA59F6EB52" class="Amphibia" family="Salamandridae" genus="Salamandra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Salamandra" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C3230466785E673788855B2DFBAAAD92" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Salamandra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which has a similar rib morphology and is represented in the material by large-sized individuals as well.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,163 +1,163 @@
|
|||
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<mods:date id="36602B4AE3DF357661A11C6796265D80">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4D184842CC8E610B62FBFDE999C18D48">2022-05-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number>25</mods:number>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF69E9F7FD8C51E4A2EEB13293164477" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF69E9F7FD8C51E4A2EEB13293164477" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName LSID="FF69E9F7-FD8C-51E4-A2EE-B13293164477" authority="indet." authorityName="Vasilyan & Čerňanský & Szyndlar & Mörs" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="family">Anguidae indet.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<treatment id="FF69E9F7FD8C51E4A2EEB13293164477" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203870961" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF69E9F7FD8C51E4A2EEB13293164477" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF69E9F7FD8C51E4A2EEB13293164477" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" scope_order="Squamata" scope_subClass="Lissamphibia" scope_subOrder="Iguania">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0EA1FE6E70AD5530DE471F2CA3896A31" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F3CC832B6DC5CA8FB24652840527DC60" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="54C61C0F1B023CB916AD57B433940B15" ID-CoL="622T2" ID-ENA="51964" LSID="FF69E9F7-FD8C-51E4-A2EE-B13293164477" authority="indet." authorityName="Vasilyan & Čerňanský & Szyndlar & Mörs" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="family">Anguidae indet.</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Anguidae indet. from the Echzell locality. Caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1981 in (A) anterior, (B) posterior, (C) lateral, (D) dorsal and (E) ventral views. Osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985 (G), HLMD-Ez 1986 (E) and HLMD-Ez 1987 (I) in (F, H, I) external and (G) internal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682236" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="481D66AC52AD369C9C4670682288CCEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B3792EEA7CD9FC075B795C736E2944A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="887418AD725C6172143031049B5A1D27" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Anguidae indet. from the Echzell locality. Caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1981 in (A) anterior, (B) posterior, (C) lateral, (D) dorsal and (E) ventral views. Osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985 (G), HLMD-Ez 1986 (E) and HLMD-Ez 1987 (I) in (F, H, I) external and (G) internal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682236" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Four caudal vertebrae HLMD-Ez 1981-1984, 73 osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985-1987 (figured ones), HLMD-Ez 1988 (the remaining osteoderms).</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4AB40C8A38D35A90747DDDD63282F5D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="29262FEBBDC49F574FFF22FA07B903B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9158460D66BDFCBEB8A8E3392D308D49" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Four caudal vertebrae HLMD-Ez 1981-1984, 73 osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985-1987 (figured ones), HLMD-Ez 1988 (the remaining osteoderms).</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="89F5A7820C0F84A3C681799F4FF34025" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C6A186B5B88CDC02A49070A8B0641C9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="76C8BAA9DA2C9A8F4B9F1D12410A06F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
Caudal vertebra: The caudal vertebrae (Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Anguidae indet. from the Echzell locality. Caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1981 in (A) anterior, (B) posterior, (C) lateral, (D) dorsal and (E) ventral views. Osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985 (G), HLMD-Ez 1986 (E) and HLMD-Ez 1987 (I) in (F, H, I) external and (G) internal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682236" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">16A-E</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="444D14899C06496A5F1B8199883B6CD3" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Anguidae indet. from the Echzell locality. Caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1981 in (A) anterior, (B) posterior, (C) lateral, (D) dorsal and (E) ventral views. Osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985 (G), HLMD-Ez 1986 (E) and HLMD-Ez 1987 (I) in (F, H, I) external and (G) internal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682236" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">16A-E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) are elongate and narrow. Both pre- and postzygapophyses are small; thus, there is a typical tendency toward the elongation of the centra in caudal vertebrae and a relative reduction of all processes. The cotyle and condyle are dorsoventrally depressed. The neural canal is a tunnel-like structure here. The haemapophyses are fused to the posterior portion of the centrum, but, unfortunately, their ends are broken off. Only the bases of the anteroventrally oriented transverse processes (pleurapophyses) are preserved, being dorsoventrally slightly flattened. They are pierced by a foramen. The distal portions are, however, broken off. The neural spine is posterodorsally oriented, rather slim and pointed. The transverse autotomic split is present.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682236" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Anguidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<caption id="4E3701D8A2DDA294E9B6A43B01013E65" doi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682236" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C79070100C44CBE4347380262F683FB3" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<emphasis id="32B9E206B85A86379455C1AF743D2861" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2A8875037DE04D10FD4439F5CC44FF8A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Anguidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
indet. from the Echzell locality. Caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1981 in (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F02FA32E620D9FE43D8D26278A08BDBD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
|
||||
) anterior, (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BE59A8159A2D1BC5EB370635E89015B1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
|
||||
) posterior, (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="24A222EB188868196C36E0134720CF9D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
|
||||
) lateral, (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B8D5D0A5EE28F389C7BA706B438ED767" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
|
||||
) dorsal and (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="81D87BD93A79F56584371D0081A7F41B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
|
||||
) ventral views. Osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985 (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="73FD872FE08FB1EBA783390F893AC0DD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">G</emphasis>
|
||||
), HLMD-Ez 1986 (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7D95182F59C7DBE2E6DE879684A5E407" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
|
||||
) and HLMD-Ez 1987 (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">I</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1C2C4949B3816D81F257A712E58C440B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">I</emphasis>
|
||||
) in (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F, H, I</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6AEBFD4817BDD7DD034A39612BCD92E8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F, H, I</emphasis>
|
||||
) external and (
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">G</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5AFE499C9AD3555359D169F7C8EA0A5E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">G</emphasis>
|
||||
) internal views.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="4F0DF01B6A9180B52177EB92606C9C2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A31B0C33E57210234989A60874042AEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C25BEAA592CEB7D739C213F2E06D99A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
The presence of an autotomic split indicates that we can exclude
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Anguidae" genus="Pseudopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Pseudopus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="76BA074E81A600C101FD630A20916067" class="Mammalia" family="Anguidae" genus="Pseudopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4CCDFE436F19C654F042BF436E4CA092" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Pseudopus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, in which only autotomic foramina are developed (see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23944" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="The Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="232 - 257" refId="B30" refString="Cernansky, A, Yaryhin, O, Cicekova, J, Werneburg, I, Hain, M, Klembara, J, 2019. Vertebral Comparative Anatomy and Morphological Differences in Anguine Lizards With a Special Reference to Pseudopus apodus. The Anatomical Record 302: 232 - 257, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23944" title="Vertebral Comparative Anatomy and Morphological Differences in Anguine Lizards With a Special Reference to Pseudopus apodus." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23944" volume="302" year="2019">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3C29473BB1212F2698F858795ABD60F6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23944" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="The Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="232 - 257" refId="B30" refString="Cernansky, A, Yaryhin, O, Cicekova, J, Werneburg, I, Hain, M, Klembara, J, 2019. Vertebral Comparative Anatomy and Morphological Differences in Anguine Lizards With a Special Reference to Pseudopus apodus. The Anatomical Record 302: 232 - 257, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23944" title="Vertebral Comparative Anatomy and Morphological Differences in Anguine Lizards With a Special Reference to Pseudopus apodus." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23944" volume="302" year="2019">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D400191B1ABC2DC6ED0D25F27A4B12DC" originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
|
||||
et al. 2019
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). In contrast, the autotomic split is present in both
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9CA2D89BAF371819799EE2841976A7BA" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0B068A4F5BB2DBB4DBB9382DC9889413" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C67E57D8D17FCA58B6065C1DD2C5210D" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6835C1E2DCCC33589E8C3DDCD17B3AD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Hoffstetter, R" editor="Gans, C" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, London, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="201 - 310" refId="B63" refString="Hoffstetter, R, Gasc, JP, 1969. Vertebrae and rips of modern reptiles. In: Gans, C, Ed., Biology of the Reptilia Morphology A. Academic Press, London, New York: 201 - 310" title="Vertebrae and rips of modern reptiles." volumeTitle="Biology of the Reptilia Morphology A." year="1969">Hoffstetter and Gasc 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="3BEA5BC403D5518A0FCFEBEF8B0290A3" author="Hoffstetter, R" editor="Gans, C" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, London, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="201 - 310" refId="B63" refString="Hoffstetter, R, Gasc, JP, 1969. Vertebrae and rips of modern reptiles. In: Gans, C, Ed., Biology of the Reptilia Morphology A. Academic Press, London, New York: 201 - 310" title="Vertebrae and rips of modern reptiles." volumeTitle="Biology of the Reptilia Morphology A." year="1969">Hoffstetter and Gasc 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C20E1D6795A60D36CF5ECB31582E2793" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
Osteoderm: A large number of osteoderms of several types are preserved in the material. The first type represents wide, rectangular osteoderms (e.g., HLMD-Ez 1985, Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Anguidae indet. from the Echzell locality. Caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1981 in (A) anterior, (B) posterior, (C) lateral, (D) dorsal and (E) ventral views. Osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985 (G), HLMD-Ez 1986 (E) and HLMD-Ez 1987 (I) in (F, H, I) external and (G) internal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682236" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">16G-F</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="9759A192A753D208E91B56F5B1AD2D9E" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Anguidae indet. from the Echzell locality. Caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1981 in (A) anterior, (B) posterior, (C) lateral, (D) dorsal and (E) ventral views. Osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985 (G), HLMD-Ez 1986 (E) and HLMD-Ez 1987 (I) in (F, H, I) external and (G) internal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682236" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">16G-F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). There is a low medial ridge running along their central regions. However, the ridge is almost indistinctive and restricted only to the sculptured region. The anterior overlap surface is large and occupies about one-third of the external surface. The lateral bevel is the highest close to the overlap surface. The posterior portion of the external surface is ornamented. The ornamentation is formed by several tubercles, pits, long grooves, and ridges diverging from the central region. Three foramina pierce the central part of the internal surface. The second type (and the most common, as represented by HLMD-Ez 1986, Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Anguidae indet. from the Echzell locality. Caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1981 in (A) anterior, (B) posterior, (C) lateral, (D) dorsal and (E) ventral views. Osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985 (G), HLMD-Ez 1986 (E) and HLMD-Ez 1987 (I) in (F, H, I) external and (G) internal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682236" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">16H</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13D304696290F92C2A934346E3F3592C" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Anguidae indet. from the Echzell locality. Caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1981 in (A) anterior, (B) posterior, (C) lateral, (D) dorsal and (E) ventral views. Osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985 (G), HLMD-Ez 1986 (E) and HLMD-Ez 1987 (I) in (F, H, I) external and (G) internal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682236" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">16H</figureCitation>
|
||||
) includes slender osteoderms. In those, the medial ridge runs along the entire external surface, including both ornamented and anterior overlap surface. The third type (rare, HLMD-Ez 1987, Fig.
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Anguidae indet. from the Echzell locality. Caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1981 in (A) anterior, (B) posterior, (C) lateral, (D) dorsal and (E) ventral views. Osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985 (G), HLMD-Ez 1986 (E) and HLMD-Ez 1987 (I) in (F, H, I) external and (G) internal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682236" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">16I</figureCitation>
|
||||
<figureCitation id="DAD0AC7D34EC3686DEE5BE03633DD1DE" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Anguidae indet. from the Echzell locality. Caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1981 in (A) anterior, (B) posterior, (C) lateral, (D) dorsal and (E) ventral views. Osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985 (G), HLMD-Ez 1986 (E) and HLMD-Ez 1987 (I) in (F, H, I) external and (G) internal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682236" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">16I</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is represented by a flat and wide osteoderm without a medial ridge.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
<paragraph id="11CA15FC5B6E9537137D69C609671FFE" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
||||
The differences might very likely represent individual variability and a different body topology from where osteoderms originated (e.g., ventral vs. dorsal armour; see, e.g.,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2017.1333515" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="Folia zoologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B22" refString="Cernansky, A, Klembara, J, 2017. A skeleton of Ophisaurus (Squamata: Anguidae) from the middle Miocene of Germany, with a revision of the partly articulated postcranial material from Slovakia using micro-computed tomography. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37: e1333515. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2017.1333515" title="A skeleton of Ophisaurus (Squamata: Anguidae) from the middle Miocene of Germany, with a revision of the partly articulated postcranial material from Slovakia using micro-computed tomography. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37: e 1333515." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2017.1333515" year="2017">
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="661ADB746659CF22D73E02562DEDFD2F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2017.1333515" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="Folia zoologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B22" refString="Cernansky, A, Klembara, J, 2017. A skeleton of Ophisaurus (Squamata: Anguidae) from the middle Miocene of Germany, with a revision of the partly articulated postcranial material from Slovakia using micro-computed tomography. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37: e1333515. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2017.1333515" title="A skeleton of Ophisaurus (Squamata: Anguidae) from the middle Miocene of Germany, with a revision of the partly articulated postcranial material from Slovakia using micro-computed tomography. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37: e 1333515." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2017.1333515" year="2017">
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="DEB2B6EDEA74BF93CCABC5DFB5070E39" originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and Klembara 2017
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Their determination to the alpha taxonomy level is currently impossible. Nevertheless, they resemble osteoderms of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EF3E78F5C05E637C40A1F5D1250522D1" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CFB885E30E981A38F140E4EBE57FD2AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but other taxa cannot be excluded.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
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Reference in a new issue