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<document id="83CCC21EAD4BD7B8384DEA13E8F6B3DE" ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2023.12.3.240" ID-ISSN="2713-8615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13139722" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722394061689" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Jung, Sang Woo &amp; Kim, Chan Shin and Yoon-Ho" docDate="2023" docId="03DB87BDAA6E3E5AFCD0F8D2FC12F89A" docLanguage="en" docName="JSpeciesRes.12.3.240-243.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 12 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.2:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372" docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Diekeana insignis" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="242" masterDocId="FFE2FFC5AA6F3E58FF97FFFEFFDFFFB3" masterDocTitle="New report of Diekeana insignis (Gorham, 1892) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Epilachnini) in South Korea" masterLastPageNumber="243" masterPageNumber="240" pageNumber="241" updateTime="1722394463066" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="54AF395052A454DA54AFFECCF9AC0366" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="ADBFBFF516C39C11C255CF437D13BB19">
<mods:title id="0F8DE785EE155A968BE26330B5827D64">New report of Diekeana insignis (Gorham, 1892) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Epilachnini) in South Korea</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="680CF97D660D7FDA45A930D3E2EA0851" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CB5C32C1388B6A7CCF12982C25E9CA73">
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<mods:namePart id="984CE35323DAAC6C1DA30CA99B0C7792">Jung, Sang Woo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3210C253745ED07E2B80D7172C2ED8D2">DASARI Research Institute of BioResources, Daejeon 35203, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="DD3E08C867E669476BB3091607688008">Kim, Chan Shin and Yoon-Ho</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="600DE78926FF271F54A831983A529C67">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="861D61C6CB9190EEB9D097A3D657992A">
<mods:title id="5465F264B690A9EF044206A35DEF1520">Journal of Species Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="51208CCFA7BAAD47AC230955EACE8F80">
<mods:date id="298136E958A9290E38758FC19AB8EE45">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="242B62A540DA500A4A356131059070D1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C1D121B747E716FD6E7FB77C5F4A2227">12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="78D9E2A51013CF470878BE5E32941DB5">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="50611706597EA3801F3F2C8F09B48F62">240</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="0FB3D945D7FB531894903DD54BFEB65D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="BB0532C08A44E0981C652BECA273CDE2" type="DOI">10.12651/JSR.2023.12.3.240</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DD912DF23C4C5FC8080E8E481B9E43AB" type="ISSN">2713-8615</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C40C25E1A921F522E5C4A313C149A000" type="Zenodo-Dep">13139722</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03DB87BDAA6E3E5AFCD0F8D2FC12F89A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB87BDAA6E3E5AFCD0F8D2FC12F89A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DB87BDAA6E3E5AFCD0F8D2FC12F89A" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="242" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">
<subSubSection id="C3686520AA6E3E59FCD0F8D2FBCFF8D6" pageId="1" pageNumber="241" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCD36ABAA6E3E59FCD0F8D2FA9DF8F7" blockId="1.[839,1444,1836,1990]" box="[839,1346,1836,1861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">
<heading id="D08581C7AA6E3E59FCD0F8D2FA9DF8F7" bold="true" box="[839,1346,1836,1861]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="241" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6E3E59FCD0F8D2FA9DF8F7" bold="true" box="[839,1346,1836,1861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">
<taxonomicName id="4C724D28AA6E3E59FCD0F8D2FB1AF8F7" ID-CoL="CFQGZ" authority="(Gorham, 1892)" baseAuthorityName="Gorham" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[839,1221,1836,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diekeana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6E3E59FCD0F8D2FBD2F8F6" bold="true" box="[839,1037,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">Diekeana insignis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B5AAA6E3E59FB8EF8D2FB60F8F7" author="Gorham, H. S." box="[1049,1215,1836,1860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="241" pagination="81 - 85" refId="ref2422" refString="Gorham, H. S. 1892. Coleoptera from Central China and the Korea. The Entomologist. Supplement 25: 81 - 85." type="journal article" year="1892">Gorham, 1892</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13492A2EAA6E3E59FB45F8D2FAE5F8F7" box="[1234,1338,1836,1861]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[174,216,1046,1068]" captionTargetBox="[251,1365,260,1009]" captionTargetId="figure-325@1.[249,1368,257,1013]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1-9. Male of Diekeana insignis (Gorham, 1892): 1) dorsal habitus; 2) head, dorsal view; 3) mouthparts, ventral view; 4) pronotum, dorsal view; 5) prosternal process, ventral view; 6) abdomen, ventral view; 7) abdominal ventrite VI; 8) genitalia, ventral view; 9) genitalia, lateral view. Scale bars=0.5 mm (2, 3, 5, 7), 2.0 mm (1, 4, 6, 8, 9)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139726/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">Figs. 1-9</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36ABAA6E3E59FCD0F8AFFBCFF8D6" blockId="1.[839,1444,1836,1990]" box="[839,1040,1873,1893]" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">남ǧṞṪŖṜḏNj</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3686520AA6E3E59FCD0F893FAB0F875" pageId="1" pageNumber="241" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BCD36ABAA6E3E59FCD0F893FB9BF816" blockId="1.[839,1444,1836,1990]" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB621185AA6E3E59FCD0F893FB9BF816" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD310BAAA6E3E59FCD0F893FB0AF836" author="Gorham, H. S." box="[839,1237,1901,1925]" page="84" pageId="1" pageNumber="241" year="1892">
<taxonomicName id="4C724D28AA6E3E59FCD0F893FB0AF836" ID-CoL="CFR7B" authority="Gorham, 1892: 84" authorityName="Gorham" authorityPageNumber="84" authorityYear="1892" box="[839,1237,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Epilachna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6E3E59FCD0F893FBD4F836" box="[839,1035,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">Epilachna insignis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B5AAA6E3E59FB84F893FB0AF836" author="Gorham, H. S." box="[1043,1237,1901,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="241" pagination="81 - 85" refId="ref2422" refString="Gorham, H. S. 1892. Coleoptera from Central China and the Korea. The Entomologist. Supplement 25: 81 - 85." type="journal article" year="1892">Gorham, 1892: 84</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(orig. descr.);
<treatmentCitation id="0AD310BAAA6E3E59FAF8F890FC25F816" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6300799" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6300799" author="Pang, H. &amp; A. Slipinski &amp; Y. Wu &amp; Y. Zuo" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7573CE51FFEF2A35E0F4FE79FBA9DC99" page="13" pageId="1" pageNumber="241" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B5AAA6E3E59FAF8F890FC25F816" author="Pang, H. &amp; A. Slipinski &amp; Y. Wu &amp; Y. Zuo" pageId="1" pageNumber="241" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref2609" refString="Pang, H., A. Slipinski, Y. Wu and Y. Zuo. 2012. Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Epilachna Chevrolat with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Epilachnini). Zootaxa 3420: 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="2012">
Pang
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6E3E59FCC9F870FC4DF816" box="[862,914,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012: 13
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(note).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36ABAA6E3E59FCD0F853FAB0F875" blockId="1.[839,1444,1836,1990]" box="[839,1391,1965,1990]" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB621185AA6E3E59FCD0F853FAB0F875" box="[839,1391,1965,1990]" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">
<treatmentCitation id="0AD310BAAA6E3E59FCD0F853FAC9F875" author="Frivaldszky, J." box="[839,1302,1965,1990]" page="121" pageId="1" pageNumber="241" year="1892">
<taxonomicName id="4C724D28AA6E3E59FCD0F853FAC9F875" authority="Frivaldszky, 1892: 121" authorityName="Frivaldszky" authorityPageNumber="121" authorityYear="1892" box="[839,1302,1965,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Epilachna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="241" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fairmairei">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6E3E59FCD0F853FBFDF875" box="[839,1058,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="241">Epilachna fairmairei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B5AAA6E3E59FBBFF850FAC9F875" author="Frivaldszky, J." box="[1064,1302,1966,1990]" pageId="1" pageNumber="241" pagination="114 - 125" refId="ref2373" refString="Frivaldszky, J. 1892. Coleoptera in Expeditione D. Comitis Belae Szechenyi in China, praecipue boreali, a Dominis Gustavo Kreitner et Ludovico Loczy anno 1879 collecta. II. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek kiadja a Magyar nemzeti Muzeum 15 (3): 114 - 125." type="journal article" year="1892">Frivaldszky, 1892: 121</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(descr.).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3686520AA6D3E5AFF07FEFBFED7F9FB" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCD36ABAA6D3E5AFF07FEFBFED7F9FB" blockId="2.[144,749,261,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6D3E5AFF07FEFBFED7FEAE" bold="true" box="[144,264,261,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Adults of
<taxonomicName id="4C724D28AA6D3E5AFE16FEF8FE27FEAE" authorityName="Gorham" authorityYear="1892" box="[385,504,262,285]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Epilachna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6D3E5AFE16FEF8FE27FEAE" box="[385,504,262,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">D. insignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the following combination of characters: Body length
<quantity id="4C8A9B4EAA6D3E5AFD5BFEDBFF63FEEE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" unit="mm" value="9.4">9.4 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="4C8A9B4EAA6D3E5AFE9EFEB8FE87FEEE" box="[265,344,326,350]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" unit="mm" value="7.8">7.8 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="9D74FD22AA6D3E5AFEF3FEB8FE15FEEE" box="[356,458,325,350]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
), oval, and strongly convex dorsally, with yellowish pubescence. Dorsum (
<figureCitation id="13492A2EAA6D3E5AFD08FE98FD3DFECD" box="[671,738,358,382]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[174,216,1046,1068]" captionTargetBox="[251,1365,260,1009]" captionTargetId="figure-325@1.[249,1368,257,1013]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1-9. Male of Diekeana insignis (Gorham, 1892): 1) dorsal habitus; 2) head, dorsal view; 3) mouthparts, ventral view; 4) pronotum, dorsal view; 5) prosternal process, ventral view; 6) abdomen, ventral view; 7) abdominal ventrite VI; 8) genitalia, ventral view; 9) genitalia, lateral view. Scale bars=0.5 mm (2, 3, 5, 7), 2.0 mm (1, 4, 6, 8, 9)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139726/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) reddish brown with several large black markings. Head (
<figureCitation id="13492A2EAA6D3E5AFF00FE58FF07FE0D" box="[151,216,422,446]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[174,216,1046,1068]" captionTargetBox="[251,1365,260,1009]" captionTargetId="figure-325@1.[249,1368,257,1013]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1-9. Male of Diekeana insignis (Gorham, 1892): 1) dorsal habitus; 2) head, dorsal view; 3) mouthparts, ventral view; 4) pronotum, dorsal view; 5) prosternal process, ventral view; 6) abdomen, ventral view; 7) abdominal ventrite VI; 8) genitalia, ventral view; 9) genitalia, lateral view. Scale bars=0.5 mm (2, 3, 5, 7), 2.0 mm (1, 4, 6, 8, 9)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139726/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) reddish brown, concealed under pronotum; clypeus narrow, not projecting in front of eyes; antennae short, as long as head width, with 11 antennomeres; antennomere 1 large and stout; antennomere 2 more or less stout, 1/2 length of antennomere 1; antennomere 3 long and slender; antennomeres 4 and 5 slender, shorter than antennomere 3, equal in length; antennomeres 6-8 shortest, equal in length; antennomeres 9-11 elongate, truncate at apex. Mandibles longer than wide, multidentate (more than three long teeth, with several small teeth in dorsal and apical view). Maxillae (
<figureCitation id="13492A2EAA6D3E5AFEDEFD17FE55FCB2" box="[329,394,745,769]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[174,216,1046,1068]" captionTargetBox="[251,1365,260,1009]" captionTargetId="figure-325@1.[249,1368,257,1013]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1-9. Male of Diekeana insignis (Gorham, 1892): 1) dorsal habitus; 2) head, dorsal view; 3) mouthparts, ventral view; 4) pronotum, dorsal view; 5) prosternal process, ventral view; 6) abdomen, ventral view; 7) abdominal ventrite VI; 8) genitalia, ventral view; 9) genitalia, lateral view. Scale bars=0.5 mm (2, 3, 5, 7), 2.0 mm (1, 4, 6, 8, 9)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139726/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) large; maxillary palp with four palpomeres; palpomere 1 slender; palpomere 2 longer than wide, more or less stout; palpomere 3 shortest and stout; palpomere 4 broadly securiform. Labial palps slender, with three palpomeres; approximate ratio of palpomeres as 1.0: 3.0: 3.5. Pronotum (
<figureCitation id="13492A2EAA6D3E5AFE1EFC74FE19FC11" box="[393,454,906,930]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[174,216,1046,1068]" captionTargetBox="[251,1365,260,1009]" captionTargetId="figure-325@1.[249,1368,257,1013]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1-9. Male of Diekeana insignis (Gorham, 1892): 1) dorsal habitus; 2) head, dorsal view; 3) mouthparts, ventral view; 4) pronotum, dorsal view; 5) prosternal process, ventral view; 6) abdomen, ventral view; 7) abdominal ventrite VI; 8) genitalia, ventral view; 9) genitalia, lateral view. Scale bars=0.5 mm (2, 3, 5, 7), 2.0 mm (1, 4, 6, 8, 9)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139726/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) wider than long, with transverse large black marking in middle part; anterior angle protruding and rounded, posterior area broad and rounded. Scutellum visible, triangular, with fine punctures. Elytra reddish brown, convex dorsally, densely pubescence; each elytron with seven large black markings. Prosternum and hypomeron finely punctate; prosternal process (
<figureCitation id="13492A2EAA6D3E5AFD31FBB2FD3CFBD7" box="[678,739,1100,1124]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[174,216,1046,1068]" captionTargetBox="[251,1365,260,1009]" captionTargetId="figure-325@1.[249,1368,257,1013]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1-9. Male of Diekeana insignis (Gorham, 1892): 1) dorsal habitus; 2) head, dorsal view; 3) mouthparts, ventral view; 4) pronotum, dorsal view; 5) prosternal process, ventral view; 6) abdomen, ventral view; 7) abdominal ventrite VI; 8) genitalia, ventral view; 9) genitalia, lateral view. Scale bars=0.5 mm (2, 3, 5, 7), 2.0 mm (1, 4, 6, 8, 9)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139726/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) longer than wide, with two carinae, round at apex. Legs short and flattened; femora widened; tibiae slender, tibial spur formula 1-2-2; mid and hind tibiae without carina; tarsal formula 4-4-4; tarsomeres 1 and 2 large, lobed ventrally; tarsomere 3 shortest; tarsomere 4 elongate and cylindrical; tarsal claws long and bifid. Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="13492A2EAA6D3E5AFD32FAF3FD3BFA96" box="[677,740,1293,1317]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[174,216,1046,1068]" captionTargetBox="[251,1365,260,1009]" captionTargetId="figure-325@1.[249,1368,257,1013]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1-9. Male of Diekeana insignis (Gorham, 1892): 1) dorsal habitus; 2) head, dorsal view; 3) mouthparts, ventral view; 4) pronotum, dorsal view; 5) prosternal process, ventral view; 6) abdomen, ventral view; 7) abdominal ventrite VI; 8) genitalia, ventral view; 9) genitalia, lateral view. Scale bars=0.5 mm (2, 3, 5, 7), 2.0 mm (1, 4, 6, 8, 9)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139726/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
) with six ventrites, wider than long; abdominal postcoxal line incomplete, ending at 1/3 length of abdominal ventrite I, not reaching posterior margin of ventrite; abdominal intercoxal process wide; abdominal ventrites I- VI with punctate; abdominal ventrite V longer than ventrite VI, slightly emarginate in middle part; abdominal ventrite VI (
<figureCitation id="13492A2EAA6D3E5AFF2DFA11FF22F9BB" box="[186,253,1519,1544]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[174,216,1046,1068]" captionTargetBox="[251,1365,260,1009]" captionTargetId="figure-325@1.[249,1368,257,1013]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1-9. Male of Diekeana insignis (Gorham, 1892): 1) dorsal habitus; 2) head, dorsal view; 3) mouthparts, ventral view; 4) pronotum, dorsal view; 5) prosternal process, ventral view; 6) abdomen, ventral view; 7) abdominal ventrite VI; 8) genitalia, ventral view; 9) genitalia, lateral view. Scale bars=0.5 mm (2, 3, 5, 7), 2.0 mm (1, 4, 6, 8, 9)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139726/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) narrowest, with densely setae, more or less wide emarginate in middle part. Male genitalia as figured (
<figureCitation id="13492A2EAA6D3E5AFF00F9CEFF24F9FB" box="[151,251,1584,1608]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="1.[174,216,1046,1068]" captionTargetBox="[251,1365,260,1009]" captionTargetId="figure-325@1.[249,1368,257,1013]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figs. 1-9. Male of Diekeana insignis (Gorham, 1892): 1) dorsal habitus; 2) head, dorsal view; 3) mouthparts, ventral view; 4) pronotum, dorsal view; 5) prosternal process, ventral view; 6) abdomen, ventral view; 7) abdominal ventrite VI; 8) genitalia, ventral view; 9) genitalia, lateral view. Scale bars=0.5 mm (2, 3, 5, 7), 2.0 mm (1, 4, 6, 8, 9)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139726" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139726/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Figs. 8, 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3686520AA6D3E5AFF07F9AEFD6EF95A" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCD36ABAA6D3E5AFF07F9AEFD6EF95A" blockId="2.[144,749,261,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6D3E5AFF07F9AEFEAFF9DB" bold="true" box="[144,368,1616,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1A3CF6AA6D3E5AFEEFF9AEFEAEF91A" collectingDate="2021-07-11" collectorName="S. B. Son &amp; I. C. Shin" country="South Korea" county="Changwon-si" location="Gapo-ro" municipality="Masanhappo-gu" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Gyeongnam">
<collectingCountry id="F365763BAA6D3E5AFEEFF9AEFE08F9DB" box="[376,471,1616,1640]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">KOREA</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D74FD22AA6D3E5AFE75F9AEFDDAF9D9" box="[482,517,1615,1642]" count="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B6F849AA6D3E5AFD83F9AEFD36F9DB" box="[532,745,1616,1640]" country="South Korea" name="Gyeongnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Gyeongsangnam-do</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62AC4E27AA6D3E5AFF07F98EFEC2F93B" box="[144,285,1648,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Changwon-si</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA9ACD1AA6D3E5AFEB0F98EFE0EF93B" box="[295,465,1648,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Masanhappo-gu</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EAD6070AA6D3E5AFE4CF98FFDEBF93A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB87BDAA6E3E5AFCD0F8D2FC12F89A:8EAD6070AA6D3E5AFE4CF98FFDEBF93A" box="[475,564,1649,1673]" country="South Korea" county="Changwon-si" municipality="Masanhappo-gu" name="Gapo-ro" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" stateProvince="Gyeongnam">Gapo-ro</location>
,
<date id="FFCC106BAA6D3E5AFDA9F98EFD62F93A" box="[574,701,1648,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" value="2021-07-11">
<collectingDate id="EF88E983AA6D3E5AFDA9F98EFD62F93A" box="[574,701,1648,1673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" value="2021-07-11">11.vii. 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2687537DAA6D3E5AFF07F96FFF32F91A" box="[144,237,1681,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">S.B. Son</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="2687537DAA6D3E5AFE87F96FFEAEF91A" box="[272,369,1681,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">I.C. Shin</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1A3CF6AA6D3E5AFEEAF96FFD6EF95A" collectingDate="2022-05-03" collectorName="S. W. Jung &amp; Y. H. Kim." country="South Korea" county="Geoje-si" elevation="24" latitude="34.799564" location="Osong-ri" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.58815" municipality="Dongbu-myeon" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Gyeongnam">
<specimenCount id="9D74FD22AA6D3E5AFEEAF96FFE7FF919" box="[381,416,1679,1706]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B6F849AA6D3E5AFE39F96FFD5CF91A" box="[430,643,1681,1705]" country="South Korea" name="Gyeongnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Gyeongsangnam-do</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62AC4E27AA6D3E5AFD19F96FFD36F91A" box="[654,745,1681,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Geoje-si</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA9ACD1AA6D3E5AFF07F94FFEE9F97A" box="[144,310,1713,1737]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Dongbu-myeon</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EAD6070AA6D3E5AFEA8F94FFE41F97A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB87BDAA6E3E5AFCD0F8D2FC12F89A:8EAD6070AA6D3E5AFEA8F94FFE41F97A" box="[319,414,1713,1737]" country="South Korea" county="Geoje-si" latitude="34.799564" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="128.58815" municipality="Dongbu-myeon" name="Osong-ri" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" stateProvince="Gyeongnam">Osong-ri</location>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="EE46506CAA6D3E5AFE3AF94FFD93F97A" box="[429,588,1712,1737]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" precision="1" seconds="58.44" value="34.799564">34°47′58.44″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE46506CAA6D3E5AFDC1F94FFF7DF95A" degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" precision="1" seconds="17.36" value="128.58815">128°35′17.36″ E</geoCoordinate>
,
<elevation id="005FD198AA6D3E5AFF3BF92FFECAF95A" box="[172,277,1745,1769]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" unit="m" value="24.0">
<quantity id="4C8A9B4EAA6D3E5AFF3BF92FFF00F95A" box="[172,223,1745,1769]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" unit="m" value="24.0">24 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
),
<date id="FFCC106BAA6D3E5AFEBDF92FFE59F95A" box="[298,390,1745,1769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" value="2022-05-03">
<collectingDate id="EF88E983AA6D3E5AFEBDF92FFE59F95A" box="[298,390,1745,1769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" value="2022-05-03">3.v.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2687537DAA6D3E5AFE2BF92FFDFAF959" box="[444,549,1745,1770]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">S.W. Jung</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="2687537DAA6D3E5AFDD2F92CFD6EF95A" box="[581,689,1745,1769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Y.H. Kim.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3686520AA6D3E5AFF07F90FFC54FB16" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCD36ABAA6D3E5AFF07F90FFE76F8F9" blockId="2.[144,749,261,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6D3E5AFF07F90FFEFFF8BA" bold="true" box="[144,288,1777,1801]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F365763BAA6D3E5AFEB0F90CFEBAF8BA" box="[295,357,1778,1801]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Korea</collectingCountry>
(South),
<collectingCountry id="F365763BAA6D3E5AFE57F90FFE22F8BA" box="[448,509,1777,1801]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49B6F849AA6D3E5AFD90F90FFD95F8BA" box="[519,586,1777,1801]" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Anhui</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B6F849AA6D3E5AFDC3F90FFD48F8BA" box="[596,663,1777,1801]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Fujian</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B6F849AA6D3E5AFD37F90CFF19F899" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B6F849AA6D3E5AFF45F8ECFEF1F899" box="[210,302,1810,1834]" country="China" name="Guangxi" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B6F849AA6D3E5AFEADF8ECFE49F899" box="[314,406,1810,1834]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B6F849AA6D3E5AFE35F8ECFE30F899" box="[418,495,1810,1834]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Hainan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B6F849AA6D3E5AFE6CF8ECFD9EF89A" box="[507,577,1810,1833]" country="China" name="Henan" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Henan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B6F849AA6D3E5AFDD9F8ECFD4FF899" box="[590,656,1810,1834]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Hubei</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B6F849AA6D3E5AFD0CF8ECFD37F899" box="[667,744,1810,1834]" country="China" name="Jiangxi" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Jiangxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B6F849AA6D3E5AFF07F8CCFF3AF8F9" box="[144,229,1842,1866]" country="China" name="Shaanxi" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Shaanxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B6F849AA6D3E5AFF79F8CCFE9CF8F9" box="[238,323,1842,1866]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49B6F849AA6D3E5AFEDBF8CCFE40F8F9" box="[332,415,1842,1866]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36ABAA6D3E5AFF07F8ACFD33F878" blockId="2.[144,749,261,1995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6D3E5AFF07F8ACFF33F838" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of
<taxonomicName id="4C724D28AA6D3E5AFD14F8ACFF3AF838" baseAuthorityName="Gorham" baseAuthorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diekeana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6D3E5AFD14F8ACFF3AF838" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Diekeana insignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Total 829 bp (accession number OQ706052) COI showing 99.25% similarity to the reference sequence of the
<taxonomicName id="4C724D28AA6D3E5AFF2EF84DFE5CF878" authorityName="Gorham" authorityYear="1892" box="[185,387,1971,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Epilachna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6D3E5AFF2EF84DFE5CF878" box="[185,387,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Epilachna insignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(accession number KP123271.1)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCD36ABAA6D3E5AFCBEFEFBFC54FB16" blockId="2.[809,1415,261,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
from
<collectingCountry id="F365763BAA6D3E5AFCF3FEFBFC7AFEAE" box="[868,933,261,285]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">China</collectingCountry>
. The partial mitochondrial cytochrome
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6D3E5AFADFFEF8FA8BFEAE" box="[1352,1364,262,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">c</emphasis>
oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequence is shown in the below: ACATCCGGAAGTTTATATTTTAATTCTTCCT G G AT T T G G A ATA AT T T C T C ATAT TAT TA G C CAAGAAAGAGGGAAAAAAGAAGCTTTTGGCT CATTAGGAATAATTTATGCTATAATAGCAATTG GATTACTAGGATTTGTAGTTTGAGCTCAT CATATATTTACAGTAGGAATAGATGTTGACACTC GAGCTTATTTTACCTCAGCAACAATAATTATTG C A G T T C C TA C T G G TAT TA A A AT T T T T T C AT GATTAGCAACTCTTCATGGAGTTCAATTTA ATTTTAGACCTTCACTTTTTTGAGTTCTAG GATTTTTATTCTTATTTACAATTGGTGGATTA A C A G G A G T T G TAT TA G C A A AT T C AT C TAT T G ATAT TAT T C T T C AT G A C A C ATA C TAT G T T G TA G C T C AT T T T C AT TAT G T T C T T T C A ATA G G GGCCGTTTTTGCAATTATAGCCGGATTTGTC CATTGATTTCCTTTATTTACAGGTTTTAATCT TAACAGAAAACTTTTAAAAATTCAATTTATTG TAATATTTATTGGAGTAAACTTAACTTTTTTC CCTCAACATTTTTTAGGGTTAGCAGGTATAC CCCGACGATATTCTGATTATCCAGATGCTTATTTA ATGTGAAATAAAATTTCCTCTATTGGATCAATA ATTTCTTCTATTAGAATTATTTTTTTTATATTA ATTATTTGAGAAAGATTTTATAGATTCCGTATA A G A AT TATA A G A AT TA G A ATA C C T T C C T TA ATAGAATGATTTCAATTAACTCCTCCAAATGAA CATAGATATTCAGAAATTCCTATACTGTCAATA ATTTTC
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3686520AA6D3E5AFCBEFB53FC12F89A" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCD36ABAA6D3E5AFCBEFB53FC12F89A" blockId="2.[809,1415,261,1834]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6D3E5AFCBEFB53FC45FB76" bold="true" box="[809,922,1197,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B5AAA6D3E5AFC34FB53FB98FB76" author="Gorham, H. S." box="[931,1095,1197,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" pagination="81 - 85" refId="ref2422" refString="Gorham, H. S. 1892. Coleoptera from Central China and the Korea. The Entomologist. Supplement 25: 81 - 85." type="journal article" year="1892">Gorham (1892)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C724D28AA6D3E5AFB2AFB53FA5AFB77" authorityName="Gorham" authorityYear="1892" box="[1213,1413,1197,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Epilachna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6D3E5AFB2AFB53FA5AFB77" box="[1213,1413,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Epilachna insignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the collection on Mr. Pratt in
<collectingCountry id="F365763BAA6D3E5AFB5EFB33FAD8FB56" box="[1225,1287,1229,1253]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">China</collectingCountry>
(Kiu-kiang) as a new species.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B5AAA6D3E5AFC75FB10FB45FAB6" author="Pang, H. &amp; A. Slipinski &amp; Y. Wu &amp; Y. Zuo" box="[994,1178,1261,1286]" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" pagination="1 - 37" refId="ref2609" refString="Pang, H., A. Slipinski, Y. Wu and Y. Zuo. 2012. Contribution to the knowledge of Chinese Epilachna Chevrolat with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Epilachnini). Zootaxa 3420: 1 - 37." type="journal article" year="2012">
Pang
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6D3E5AFB8AFB10FB8EFAB6" box="[1053,1105,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">et al.</emphasis>
(2012)
</bibRefCitation>
reported 20 species of Chinese
<taxonomicName id="4C724D28AA6D3E5AFC11FAF3FBBDFA96" authority="Chevrolat" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[902,1122,1293,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Epilachna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6D3E5AFC11FAF3FC2DFA96" box="[902,1010,1293,1317]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Epilachna</emphasis>
Chevrolat
</taxonomicName>
including
<taxonomicName id="4C724D28AA6D3E5AFB40FAF0FA97FA96" authorityName="Gorham" authorityYear="1892" box="[1239,1352,1294,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Epilachna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6D3E5AFB40FAF0FA97FA96" box="[1239,1352,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">E. insignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with digital illustrations of the habitus, male and female genitalia. However, no description or other morphological illustrations were provided. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFE34B5AAA6D3E5AFB53FA90FC08FA14" author="Tomaszewska, W. &amp; K. Szawaryn" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref2812" refString="Tomaszewska, W. and K. Szawaryn. 2016. Epilachnini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) - A Revision of the World Genera. Journal of Insect Science 16 (1): 101; 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="2016">Tomaszewska and Szawaryn (2016)</bibRefCitation>
, some parts of genus
<taxonomicName id="4C724D28AA6D3E5AFB26FA70FAC6FA15" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" box="[1201,1305,1422,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Epilachna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6D3E5AFB26FA70FAC6FA15" box="[1201,1305,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Epilachna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including
<taxonomicName id="4C724D28AA6D3E5AFCBEFA51FC46FA75" authorityName="Gorham" authorityYear="1892" box="[809,921,1455,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Epilachna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6D3E5AFCBEFA51FC46FA75" box="[809,921,1455,1478]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">E. insignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, have been transferred to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C724D28AA6D3E5AFAB6FA51FA5AFA74" authorityName="Tomaszewska and Szawaryn" authorityYear="2015" box="[1313,1413,1455,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diekeana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6D3E5AFAB6FA51FA5AFA74" box="[1313,1413,1455,1479]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Diekeana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on morphological and molecular characters. We collected
<specimenCount id="9D74FD22AA6D3E5AFC1AFA11FC2CF9B4" box="[909,1011,1519,1543]" count="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" type="adult">four adult</specimenCount>
male specimens from southern part of
<collectingCountry id="F365763BAA6D3E5AFCBEF9EEFC76F994" box="[809,937,1552,1576]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">south Korea</collectingCountry>
and provide a detailed diagnosis for the first time herein. The species of
<taxonomicName id="4C724D28AA6D3E5AFBD9F9CEFAD5F9FB" baseAuthorityName="Gorham" baseAuthorityYear="1892" box="[1102,1290,1584,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Diekeana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="242" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insignis">
<emphasis id="B906EAB9AA6D3E5AFBD9F9CEFAD5F9FB" box="[1102,1290,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="242">Diekeana insignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by the following morphological characters: pronotum with transverse black marking in middle part, elytra strongly convex with densely pubescence, each elytron with seven large black markings, penis long, slightly bent at apical part, truncate at apex, parameres narrow and as long as penis guide in lateral view, penis guide narrow and pointed at apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

106
data/03/EB/87/03EB87FCFFB0FFD0D18B902449060115.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
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<mods:title id="FB2991FACF60F0571295436597FFADC6">Isolation and characterization of four unrecorded wild yeasts from the soils of Republic of Korea in winter</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7FA0224B4698A351AB07B4372FF90A9E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="969C4DA49AF68894EA7165E050A14CC5">
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<mods:namePart id="DDED756A89CE4E11BC9BF74569E80F31">Park, Yuna</mods:namePart>
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Description of
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<emphasis id="B936EAF8FFB0FFD0D0709024492A0349" bold="true" box="[341,609,1375,1399]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Holtermanniella wattica</emphasis>
NH
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20
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<paragraph id="8BFD36EAFFB0FFD0D1E090EB4BBE00F5" blockId="4.[174,779,1424,1835]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
Cells are oval shaped and budding is polar (
<figureCitation id="13792A6FFFB0FFD0D3AC90EB498D0396" box="[649,710,1424,1448]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[810,843,1502,1524]" captionTargetBox="[812,1414,258,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-531@1.[809,1419,255,1472]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphology of cells from the unrecorded strains incubated at 10℃. The colonies of Leucosporidium scottii NH19(A), Holtermanniella wattica NH20 (B), Buckleyzyma aurantiaca NH33 (C), and Mrakia aquatica YP416(D). The budding cells of Leucosporidium scottii NH19(F), Holtermanniella wattica NH20 (G), Buckleyzyma aurantiaca NH33 (H), and Mrakia aquatica YP416 (I). Bars, 20 μm.All strains were grown after 3 days on YM agar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139712/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Colonies are convex, smooth, and white-colored after 3 days of incubation on YM agar at 10℃. In the API 20C AUX test, strain NH20 is positive for
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glucose, calcium, 2-keto-D- gluconate, L- arabinose, D- xylose, inositol, D- sorbitol,
<emphasis id="B936EAF8FFB0FFD0D18B93494B8B0077" box="[174,192,1586,1609]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">N</emphasis>
-methyl-D- glucoside, D- cellobiose, D- lactose (bovine origin),
<subScript id="17C634AFFFB0FFD0D1CB93234A4E0057" attach="right" box="[238,261,1618,1641]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">D-</subScript>
maltose,
<subScript id="17C634AFFFB0FFD0D04093234A300057" attach="right" box="[357,379,1618,1641]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">D-</subScript>
saccharose (sucrose),
<subScript id="17C634AFFFB0FFD0D3449323493C0057" attach="right" box="[609,631,1618,1641]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">D-</subScript>
trehalose, and D- raffinose; weak positive for glycerol, adonitol, xylitol, and D- galactose; and negative for
<emphasis id="B936EAF8FFB0FFD0D31193E8490D0094" box="[564,582,1683,1706]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">N</emphasis>
-acetyl-D- Glucosamine.
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<paragraph id="8BFD36EAFFB0FFD0D26290B04EDE003E" blockId="4.[839,1445,1197,1981]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Felsenstein, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39(4):783-791.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD36EAFFB0FFD0D26293714FC70001" blockId="4.[839,1445,1197,1981]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Kimura, M. 1983. The neutral theory of molecular evolution. Cambridge University Press.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD36EAFFB0FFD0D26293314E1000A0" blockId="4.[839,1445,1197,1981]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Kumar, S., G. Stecher and K. Tamura. 2016. MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger data dets. Mol Biol Evol 33(7):1870-1874.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFD36EAFFB0FFD0D26293D24E400123" blockId="4.[839,1445,1197,1981]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">
Kurtzman, C.P. and C.J. Robnett. 1998. Identification and phylogeny of
<emphasis id="B936EAF8FFB0FFD0D2D193B24F3000E0" box="[1012,1147,1737,1758]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">ascomycetous</emphasis>
yeasts from analysis of nuclear large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA partial sequences. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 73(4):331-371.
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20 (
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) was isolated from the soil collected in
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,
<collectingRegion id="4986F808FFB0FFD0D3559388499B0135" box="[624,720,1779,1803]" country="South Korea" name="Gwangju" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Gwangju</collectingRegion>
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City,
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,
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Description of
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YP
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416
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Cells are oval shaped and budding is polar (
<figureCitation id="13792A6FFFB0FFD0D3AC92FE498D01A3" box="[649,710,1925,1949]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[810,843,1502,1524]" captionTargetBox="[812,1414,258,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-531@1.[809,1419,255,1472]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphology of cells from the unrecorded strains incubated at 10℃. The colonies of Leucosporidium scottii NH19(A), Holtermanniella wattica NH20 (B), Buckleyzyma aurantiaca NH33 (C), and Mrakia aquatica YP416(D). The budding cells of Leucosporidium scottii NH19(F), Holtermanniella wattica NH20 (G), Buckleyzyma aurantiaca NH33 (H), and Mrakia aquatica YP416 (I). Bars, 20 μm.All strains were grown after 3 days on YM agar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139712/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Colonies are convex, smooth, and orange-colored after 3 days of incubation on YM agar at 10℃. In the API 20C AUX test, strain YP416 is positive for glucose, inulin, sucrose, raffinose, melibiose, galactose, lactose, trehalose, maltose, melezitose,
<subScript id="17C634AFFFB0FFD0D2E0941D4F670743" attach="left" box="[965,1068,358,382]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">methyl-D-</subScript>
glucoside, cellobiose, salicin,
<subScript id="17C634AFFFB0FFD0D44C94174E370743" attach="right" box="[1385,1404,358,381]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">L-</subScript>
sorbose, D- xylose, L- arabinose, D- ribose, methanol, ethanol, ribitol, xylitol, galactitol, D- mannitol, D- glucitol, D- lactate, succinate, citrate, D- gluconate, gluconolactone, D- glucosamine,
<emphasis id="B936EAF8FFB0FFD0D2BD949348E107C1" box="[920,938,488,511]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">N</emphasis>
-
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glucosamine, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, cadaverine dihydrochloride, and L- lysine; and negative for soluble starch, cellobiose, salicin, L- sorbose, L- rhamnose, D- xylose, L- arabinose, D- arabinose, D- ribose, methanol, ethanol, glycerol, erythritol, ribitol, xylitol, galactitol, D- mannitol, D- glucitol, and myo-Inositol.
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<collectorName id="26B7533CFFB0FFD0D27B97D3488804FE" box="[862,963,680,704]" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Strain YP</collectorName>
416 (
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) was isolated from the soil collected in
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,
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,
<collectingCountry id="F355767AFFB0FFD0D46097B248ED053F" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="201">Republic of Korea</collectingCountry>
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.
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Description of
<taxonomicName id="4C424D69FFB6FFD6D2CB93594E660004" ID-CoL="5X4K9" authority="NH" authorityName="NH" box="[1006,1325,1570,1594]" class="Cystobasidiomycetes" family="Buckleyzymaceae" genus="Buckleyzyma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Buckleyzymales" pageId="2" pageNumber="199" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="aurantiaca">
<emphasis id="B936EAF8FFB6FFD6D2CB93594FB50004" bold="true" box="[1006,1278,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="199">Buckleyzyma aurantiaca</emphasis>
NH
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33
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Cells are oval shaped and budding is polar (
<figureCitation id="13792A6FFFB6FFD6D47593284ED80052" box="[1360,1427,1619,1644]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[810,843,1502,1524]" captionTargetBox="[812,1414,258,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-531@1.[809,1419,255,1472]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphology of cells from the unrecorded strains incubated at 10℃. The colonies of Leucosporidium scottii NH19(A), Holtermanniella wattica NH20 (B), Buckleyzyma aurantiaca NH33 (C), and Mrakia aquatica YP416(D). The budding cells of Leucosporidium scottii NH19(F), Holtermanniella wattica NH20 (G), Buckleyzyma aurantiaca NH33 (H), and Mrakia aquatica YP416 (I). Bars, 20 μm.All strains were grown after 3 days on YM agar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139712/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="199">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Colonies are convex, smooth, and orange-colored after 3 days of incubation on YM agar at 10℃. In the API 20C AUX test, strain NH33 is positive for L- arabinose,
<emphasis id="B936EAF8FFB6FFD6D47B93CE4E3B00F2" box="[1374,1392,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="199">N</emphasis>
-acetyl-D- glucosamine, D- lactose (bovine origin), D- saccharose (sucrose),
<subScript id="17C634AFFFB6FFD6D2C5938048BD0132" attach="right" box="[992,1014,1781,1804]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="199">D-</subScript>
trehalose,
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melezitose, and
<subScript id="17C634AFFFB6FFD6D40E93804E0B0132" attach="right" box="[1323,1344,1781,1804]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="199">D-</subScript>
raffinose; weak positive for glycerol, glucose, 2-keto-D- gluconate, L- arabinose, adonitol, D- galactose, inositol, D- sorbitol, and
<emphasis id="B936EAF8FFB6FFD6D262922D48120153" box="[839,857,1878,1901]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="199">N</emphasis>
-methyl-D- glucoside; and negative for D- glucose, D- xylose,
<subScript id="17C634AFFFB6FFD6D25B920748DF01B3" attach="right" box="[894,916,1910,1933]" fontSize="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="199">D-</subScript>
cellobiose, and
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maltose.
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33 (
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) was isolated from the soil collected in
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,
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City,
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,
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.
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Description of
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NH
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19
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Cells are oval shaped and budding is polar (
<figureCitation id="13792A6FFFB7FFD7D3BC92424997016F" box="[665,732,1849,1873]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[810,843,1502,1524]" captionTargetBox="[812,1414,258,1472]" captionTargetId="figure-531@1.[809,1419,255,1472]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Morphology of cells from the unrecorded strains incubated at 10℃. The colonies of Leucosporidium scottii NH19(A), Holtermanniella wattica NH20 (B), Buckleyzyma aurantiaca NH33 (C), and Mrakia aquatica YP416(D). The budding cells of Leucosporidium scottii NH19(F), Holtermanniella wattica NH20 (G), Buckleyzyma aurantiaca NH33 (H), and Mrakia aquatica YP416 (I). Bars, 20 μm.All strains were grown after 3 days on YM agar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139712/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Colonies are convex, smooth, and beige-colored after 3 days of incubation on YM agar at 10℃. In the API 20C AUX test, strain NH19 is positive for glycerol, 2-keto-D- gluconate, L- arabinose, and adonitol; weak positive for glucose, D- xylose, D- sorbitol,
<emphasis id="B936EAF8FFB7FFD7D5A193C24FDD00EE" box="[1156,1174,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">N</emphasis>
-acetyl-D- glucosamine, D- cellobiose, D- lactose (bovine origin), D- maltose, and
<subScript id="17C634AFFFB7FFD7D20C93844874012E" attach="none" box="[809,831,1785,1808]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">D-</subScript>
melezitose; and negative for xylitol,
<subScript id="17C634AFFFB7FFD7D5E393844F90012E" attach="right" box="[1222,1243,1785,1808]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">D-</subScript>
galactose, inositol,
<emphasis id="B936EAF8FFB7FFD7D2719261482D010F" box="[852,870,1818,1841]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">N</emphasis>
-methyl-D- glucoside, D- saccharose (sucrose), D- trehalose, and D- raffinose.
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<collectorName id="26B7533CFFB7FFD7D21A922148FC014C" box="[831,951,1882,1906]" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">Strain NH</collectorName>
19 (
<specimenCode id="DBE49E91FFB7FFD7D2FB92214F30014C" box="[990,1147,1882,1906]" collectionCode="KCTC" country="South Korea" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2inw-p49s" name="Korean Collection for Type Cultures" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">KCTC 37092</specimenCode>
) was isolated from the soil collected in
<location id="8E9D6031FFB7FFD7D2FF92014F9401AF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EB87FCFFB7FFD7D1B593824F83018C:8E9D6031FFB7FFD7D2FF92014F9401AF" box="[986,1247,1914,1938]" name="Namhansanseong Forest" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" stateProvince="Gwangju">Namhansanseong Forest</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="4986F808FFB7FFD7D5CE92014E0001AC" box="[1259,1355,1914,1938]" country="South Korea" name="Gwangju" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">Gwangju</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B2A3CB7FFB7FFD7D47192014F88018C" country="South Korea" location="Gyeonggi Province" pageId="3" pageNumber="200" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Gyeonggi">
City,
<collectingRegion id="4986F808FFB7FFD7D20C92E148BD018C" box="[809,1014,1946,1970]" country="South Korea" name="Gyeonggi" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">Gyeonggi Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F355767AFFB7FFD7D52592E14F88018C" box="[1024,1219,1946,1970]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="200">Republic of Korea</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

217
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@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
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<mods:title id="8DEC7DEF86DEC504D21BE521E0BF78BA">New record of five Euplotes species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) collected from South Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="333D5729E15B44F6EDE0778FDD056D5F">Yeo, Jeong Hyeon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0478FD23794E292D146D629616F1CF24">Jung, Pablo Quintela-Alonso and Jae-Ho</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="5D3AA4B41643109740B11FDC815123F0">2023</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="7CC565611700812B178EFC4BFD31FC44" box="[144,656,938,963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="346036EA1700812B178EFC4BFD31FC44" blockId="3.[144,656,938,963]" box="[144,656,938,963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
<heading id="6F2881861700812B178EFC4BFD31FC44" bold="true" box="[144,656,938,963]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" reason="3">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B178EFC4BFD31FC44" bold="true" box="[144,656,938,963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
3.
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B17B4FC4AFD9BFC45" ID-CoL="3CWB5" ID-ENA="2716877" authority="Carter, 1972" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1972" box="[170,570,938,963]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="octocarinatus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B17B4FC4AFE06FC45" bold="true" box="[170,423,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Euplotes octocarinatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1700812B16B0FC4BFD9BFC45" author="Carter, H. P." box="[430,570,939,963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="466 - 492" refId="ref4873" refString="Carter, H. P. 1972. Infraciliature of eleven species of the genus Euplotes. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 91: 466 - 492." type="journal article" year="1972">Carter, 1972</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="ACE42A6F1700812B1559FC4AFD29FC44" box="[583,648,938,962]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,177,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[147,1414,1480,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-588@3.[144,1414,1478,1867]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Euplotes octocarinatus in vivo (A, B) and after protargol (C, D) and “wet” silver nitrate impregnation (E). A-D. Ventral (A, C) and dorsal (B, D) views of different specimens showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. E. Dorsal argyrome of double-patella type. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cirri; DK, dorsal kineties; FVC, frontoventral cirri; MC, marginal cirri. Scale bars: 50μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139738/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611700812B178EFC0BFD77FBC2" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="346036EA1700812B178EFC0BFD77FBC2" blockId="3.[144,749,1003,1414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B178EFC0BFED1FB85" bold="true" box="[144,368,1003,1027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="84B73CB71700812B1667FC0BFD72FBC2" collectingDate="2020-07-23" country="South Korea" county="Gangwondo" latitude="37.7825" location="Freshwater" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="128.88333" municipality="Gangneung-si" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" specimenCount="1">
<location id="310060311700812B1667FC0BFE4CFB85" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC7687FC1700812B178EFC4BFC74FB22:310060311700812B1667FC0BFE4CFB85" box="[377,493,1003,1027]" country="South Korea" county="Gangwondo" latitude="37.7825" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="128.88333" municipality="Gangneung-si" name="Freshwater" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Freshwater</location>
collected from ecological reservoir,
<location id="310060311700812B163CFBEBFE6EFBA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC7687FC1700812B178EFC4BFC74FB22:310060311700812B163CFBEBFE6EFBA5" box="[290,463,1035,1059]" country="South Korea" county="Gangwondo" latitude="37.7825" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="128.88333" municipality="Gangneung-si" name="Gyeongpo-dong" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Gyeongpo-dong</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="D404AC901700812B16C5FBEBFDD0FBA5" box="[475,625,1035,1059]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Gangneung-si</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="DD014E661700812B1563FBECFF0CFBC2" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Gangwondo</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry id="4CC8767A1700812B17A9FBCCFF56FBC5" box="[183,247,1068,1091]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
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,
<geoCoordinate id="51EB502D1700812B1692FBCCFDB2FBC2" box="[396,531,1066,1092]" degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" precision="15" seconds="60" value="128.88333">128°52′60″E</geoCoordinate>
) on
<date id="4061102A1700812B155CFBCCFD72FBC2" box="[578,723,1068,1092]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" value="2020-07-23">
<collectingDate id="5025E9C21700812B155CFBCCFD72FBC2" box="[578,723,1068,1092]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" value="2020-07-23">July 23, 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611700812B178EFBACFE6AFAE1" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="346036EA1700812B178EFBACFE6AFAE1" blockId="3.[144,749,1003,1414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B178EFBACFEAFFBE2" bold="true" box="[144,270,1100,1124]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body size 60.3-79.3 × 32.0-49.9 μm (on average 66.5 × 46.4 μm) after protargol impregnation, shape oval to ellipsoidal, 6 dorsal and 3 ventral ridges; one macronucleus C-shaped with a single small spherical micronucleus attached; 33-36 adoral membranelles; 9 frontoventral, 5 transverse, 2 caudal and 2 marginal cirri; invariably 8 dorsal kineties, of which the middle kinety composed of about 14-19 dikinetids; dorsal argyrome pattern in double-
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B1656FAAEFE31FAE0" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[328,400,1358,1382]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="patella">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1656FAAEFE31FAE0" box="[328,400,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">patella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="EB6488481700812B1689FAAFFE66FAE1" box="[407,455,1359,1383]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611700812B178EFA8EFC0FFE9B" box="[144,942,261,1414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="346036EA1700812B178EFA8EFC0FFE9B" blockId="3.[144,749,1003,1414]" box="[144,942,261,1414]" lastBlockId="3.[809,1414,261,1188]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B178EFA8EFE83FA00" bold="true" box="[144,290,1390,1414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Distribution.</emphasis>
Worldwide (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1700812B16B9FA8EFD8FFA00" author="Carter, H. P." box="[423,558,1390,1414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="466 - 492" refId="ref4873" refString="Carter, H. P. 1972. Infraciliature of eleven species of the genus Euplotes. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 91: 466 - 492." type="journal article" year="1972">Carter, 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1700812B1526FA8EFC03FE9B" author="Mendez-Sanchez, D. &amp; R. Mayen-Estrada &amp; X. Hu" box="[568,930,261,1414]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" refId="ref6039" refString="Mendez-Sanchez, D., R. Mayen-Estrada and X. Hu. 2020. Euplotes octocarinatus Carter, 1972 (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea, Euplotidae): Considerations on its morphology, phylogeny, and biogeography. European Journal of Protistology 74: 125667." type="journal volume" year="2020">
Méndez-Sánchez
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1437FEE6FCFCFE9B" box="[809,861,261,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
, 2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611700812B1437FEC6FC74FB22" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="346036EA1700812B1437FEC6FB4FFEF8" blockId="3.[809,1414,261,1188]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1437FEC6FC38FEB8" bold="true" box="[809,921,294,318]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Remarks.</emphasis>
The characteristics of the Korean population correspond well with the
<typeStatus id="EB6488481700812B132DFEA6FBC1FED8" box="[1075,1120,326,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">type</typeStatus>
(
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1700812B1375FEA6FB51FED8" author="Carter, H. P." box="[1131,1264,326,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="466 - 492" refId="ref4873" refString="Carter, H. P. 1972. Infraciliature of eleven species of the genus Euplotes. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 91: 466 - 492." type="journal article" year="1972">Carter, 1972</bibRefCitation>
) and Mexican populations (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1700812B14B3FE86FB42FEF8" author="Mendez-Sanchez, D. &amp; R. Mayen-Estrada &amp; X. Hu" box="[941,1251,358,382]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" refId="ref6039" refString="Mendez-Sanchez, D., R. Mayen-Estrada and X. Hu. 2020. Euplotes octocarinatus Carter, 1972 (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea, Euplotidae): Considerations on its morphology, phylogeny, and biogeography. European Journal of Protistology 74: 125667." type="journal volume" year="2020">
Méndez-Sánchez
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1377FE86FB3FFEF8" box="[1129,1182,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
, 2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="346036EA1700812B1421FE66FCCCFB85" blockId="3.[809,1414,261,1188]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
Some species with silverline system of double-
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B1222FE66FA24FE18" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[1340,1413,390,414]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="patella">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1222FE66FA24FE18" box="[1340,1413,390,414]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">patella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="EB6488481700812B1437FE47FCF6FE39" box="[809,855,423,447]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">type</typeStatus>
in
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B1462FE46FC79FE38" box="[892,984,422,446]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1462FE46FC79FE38" box="[892,984,422,446]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Euplotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B1308FE47FA20FE38" authority="Agamaliev, 1966" authorityName="Agamaliev" authorityYear="1966" box="[1046,1409,422,446]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="apsheronicus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1308FE47FB63FE38" box="[1046,1218,422,446]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">E. apsheronicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1700812B13D7FE46FA20FE38" author="Agamaliev, F. G." box="[1225,1409,422,446]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="169 - 193" refId="ref4782" refString="Agamaliev, F. G. 1966. New species of psammobiotic ciliates of the western part of the Caspian Sea. Acta Protozoologica 4: 169 - 193." type="journal article" year="1966">Agamaliev, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B1437FE27FB45FE59" authority="(Muller, 1773) Ehrenberg, 1838" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[809,1252,454,479]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="patella">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1437FE27FC2FFE58" box="[809,910,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">E. patella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1700812B1484FE27FB84FE59" author="Muller, O. F." box="[922,1061,455,479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" refId="ref6182" refString="Muller, O. F. 1773. Vermium Terrestrium et Fluviatilium, seu Animalium Infusorium, Helminthicorum et Testaceorum, non Marinorum, Succincta Historia. Heineck &amp; Faber." type="book" year="1773">Müller, 1773</bibRefCitation>
) Ehrenberg, 1838
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B13F0FE27FC0EFE79" authority="Curds, 1975" authorityName="Curds" authorityYear="1975" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="zenkewitchi">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B13F0FE27FA27FE58" box="[1262,1414,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">E. zenkewitchi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1700812B1437FE07FC0EFE79" author="Curds, C. R." box="[809,943,487,511]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref4944" refString="Curds, C. R. 1975. A guide to the species of the genus Euplotes (Hypotrichida, Ciliatea). Bulletin of the British Museum (National History) Zoology 28: 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1975">Curds, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B14F6FE08FB7EFE79" authority="Kahl, 1932" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1932" box="[1000,1247,487,511]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B14F6FE08FBFBFE79" box="[1000,1114,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">E. elegans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1700812B137AFE07FB7EFE79" author="Kahl, A." box="[1124,1247,487,511]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="399 - 650" refId="ref5648" refString="Kahl, A. 1932. Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 3. Spirotricha. Tierwelt Deutschlands. 35: 399 - 650." type="journal article" year="1932">Kahl, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) also resemble
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B1437FDE8FC76FD99" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1972" box="[809,983,520,543]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="octocarinatus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1437FDE8FC76FD99" box="[809,983,520,543]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">E. octocarinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B134AFDE8FB5EFD99" authorityName="Agamaliev" authorityYear="1966" box="[1108,1279,519,543]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="apsheronicus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B134AFDE8FB5EFD99" box="[1108,1279,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">E. apsheronicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B1437FDC8FC7DFDB9" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1972" box="[809,988,552,575]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="octocarinatus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1437FDC8FC7DFDB9" box="[809,988,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">E. octocarinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the number of dorsal kineties (9 vs. 8) and the habitat (marine vs. freshwater) (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1700812B13ECFDA8FADBFDE6" author="Curds, C. R." box="[1266,1402,584,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref4944" refString="Curds, C. R. 1975. A guide to the species of the genus Euplotes (Hypotrichida, Ciliatea). Bulletin of the British Museum (National History) Zoology 28: 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1975">Curds, 1975</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B1437FD88FC72FD06" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[809,979,616,640]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="patella">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1437FD88FC72FD06" box="[809,979,616,640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Euplotes patella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B13F1FD89FCE9FD26" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1972" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="octocarinatus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B13F1FD89FCE9FD26" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">E. octocarinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the body size (90-120 × 55-75 vs. 60-79 × 32-50) and the number of dorsal kineties (9 vs. 8) (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1700812B13F5FD48FCC0FD67" author="Foissner, W. &amp; H. Blatterer &amp; H. Berger &amp; F. Kohmann" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="1 - 478" refId="ref5334" refString="Foissner, W., H. Blatterer, H. Berger and F. Kohmann. 1991. Taxonomische und okologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems - Band I: Cyrtophorida, Oligotrichida, Hypotrichia, Colpodea. Informationsberichte des Bayer Landesamtes fur Wasserwirtschaft 1 (91): 1 - 478." type="journal article" year="1991">
Foissner
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1255FD49FADEFD46" box="[1355,1407,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
, 1991
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B146DFD29FBEEFD67" authorityName="Curds" authorityYear="1975" box="[883,1103,713,737]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="zenkewitchi">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B146DFD29FBEEFD67" box="[883,1103,713,737]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Euplotes zenkewitchi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B13C7FD29FA24FD66" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1972" box="[1241,1413,713,736]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="octocarinatus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B13C7FD29FA24FD66" box="[1241,1413,713,736]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">E. octocarinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the body size (80 × 50 vs. 60-79 × 32-50), the number of adoral membranelles (50-55 vs. 33-36), the number of dorsal kineties (10 vs. 8), and the habitat (marine vs. freshwater) (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1700812B14B3FCAAFB94FCE4" author="Curds, C. R." box="[941,1077,842,866]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref4944" refString="Curds, C. R. 1975. A guide to the species of the genus Euplotes (Hypotrichida, Ciliatea). Bulletin of the British Museum (National History) Zoology 28: 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1975">Curds, 1975</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B1357FCAAFB5CFCE4" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1932" box="[1097,1277,842,866]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1357FCAAFB5CFCE4" box="[1097,1277,842,866]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Euplotes elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B1437FC8BFC40FC04" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1972" box="[809,993,875,898]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="octocarinatus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1437FC8BFC40FC04" box="[809,993,875,898]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">E. octocarinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the body size (65-118 × 33-63 vs. 60-79 × 30-50), the number of adoral membranelles (47- 64 vs. 33-36), the number of dorsal kineties (9-10 vs. 8), and the habitat (marine vs. freshwater) (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1700812B13C1FC2BFCC3FB85" author="Schwarz, M. V. J. &amp; A. Zuendorf &amp; T. Stoeck" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="125 - 136" refId="ref6458" refString="Schwarz, M. V. J., A. Zuendorf and T. Stoeck. 2007. Morphology, ultrastructure, molecular phylogeny, and autecology of Euplotes elegans Kahl, 1932 (Hypotrichida; Euplotidae) isolated from the anoxic Mariager Fjord. Denmark Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 54 (2): 125 - 136." type="journal article" year="2007">
Schwarz
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1259FC2CFADEFC65" box="[1351,1407,971,995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="346036EA1700812B1437FBECFC74FB22" blockId="3.[809,1414,261,1188]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1437FBECFC7DFBA5" bold="true" box="[809,988,1035,1060]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Voucher slides.</emphasis>
One slide with protargol-impregnated specimens (NNIBRPR25659) and one slide with wet silver nitrate-impregnated specimens (NNIBRPR25660) were deposited at the Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

182
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<mods:title id="B6DF189BC568B21FB336A4F9FC2F6E89">New record of five Euplotes species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) collected from South Korea</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="346036EA1700812B1437FB2DFAE5FB63" blockId="3.[809,1348,1229,1253]" box="[809,1348,1229,1253]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
<heading id="6F2881861700812B1437FB2DFAE5FB63" bold="true" box="[809,1348,1229,1253]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" reason="3">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1437FB2DFAE5FB63" bold="true" box="[809,1348,1229,1253]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
4.
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B145DFB2DFB4FFB63" ID-CoL="3CWBD" authority="Wilbert and Song, 2008" authorityName="Wilbert and Song" authorityYear="2008" box="[835,1262,1229,1253]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="petzi">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B145DFB2DFC7DFB63" bold="true" box="[835,988,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Euplotes petzi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1700812B14FDFB2DFB4FFB63" author="Wilbert, N. &amp; W. Song" box="[995,1262,1229,1253]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="979 - 1012" refId="ref6814" refString="Wilbert, N. and W. Song. 2008. A further study on littoral ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) near King George Island, Antarctica, with description of a new genus and seven new species. Journal of Natural History 42: 979 - 1012." type="journal article" year="2008">Wilbert and Song, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="ACE42A6F1700812B13E5FB2DFA9DFB63" box="[1275,1340,1229,1253]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,207,943,965]" captionTargetBox="[190,1441,262,873]" captionTargetId="figure-467@4.[174,1444,259,910]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Euplotes petzi after protargol(A, B) and after “wet” silver nitrate impregnation (C). A, B. Ventral (A) and dorsal (B) view of a representative specimen. Note the narrow separation between the two marginal cirri, a distinctive characteristic of this species. C. Dorsal view showing the argyrome in double-patella pattern. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC; caudal cirri; DK, dorsal kineties; FVC, frontoventral cirri; MC, marginal cirri. Scale bars: 30μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139740/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611700812C1437FAEDFBB4FC0F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="346036EA1700812B1437FAEDFC61FA00" blockId="3.[809,1414,1293,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1437FAEDFBA9FAA3" bold="true" box="[809,1032,1293,1317]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="84B73CB71700812B1310FAEDFC1CFA00" collectingDate="2021-01-21" country="South Korea" county="Seocheon-gun" latitude="36.015278" location="Marine" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="126.66361" municipality="Janghang-eup" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chungnam">
<location id="310060311700812B1310FAEDFBFBFAA3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC7687FC1700812C1437FB2DFC52FBF5:310060311700812B1310FAEDFBFBFAA3" box="[1038,1114,1293,1317]" country="South Korea" county="Seocheon-gun" latitude="36.015278" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="126.66361" municipality="Janghang-eup" name="Marine" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" stateProvince="Chungnam">Marine</location>
water (salinity 28‰) collected from
<location id="310060311700812B1497FACEFC4AFAC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC7687FC1700812C1437FB2DFC52FBF5:310060311700812B1497FACEFC4AFAC0" box="[905,1003,1326,1350]" country="South Korea" county="Seocheon-gun" latitude="36.015278" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="126.66361" municipality="Janghang-eup" name="West Sea" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" stateProvince="Chungnam">West Sea</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="D404AC901700812B14E8FACEFB2BFAC0" box="[1014,1162,1326,1350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Janghang-eup</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="DD014E661700812B138AFACEFA8DFAC0" box="[1172,1324,1326,1350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Seocheon-gun</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="F61BF8081700812B1229FACEFC66FAE0" country="South Korea" name="Chungnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Chungcheongnam-do</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="4CC8767A1700812B14CEFAAFFBB1FAE0" box="[976,1040,1359,1382]" name="South Korea" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
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,
<geoCoordinate id="51EB502D1700812B13BBFAAEFA8DFAE0" box="[1189,1324,1357,1382]" degrees="126" direction="east" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" precision="15" seconds="49" value="126.66361">126°39′49″E</geoCoordinate>
) on
<date id="4061102A1700812B1244FAAFFC1CFA00" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" value="2021-01-21">
<collectingDate id="5025E9C21700812B1244FAAFFC1CFA00" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" value="2021-01-21">January 21, 2021</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="60A066621700812B178EF88BFADBF830" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139738" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13139738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139738/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" startId="3.[144,177,1899,1921]" targetBox="[147,1414,1480,1866]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="346036EA1700812B178EF88BFADBF830" blockId="3.[144,1415,1899,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B178EF88BFF6CF806" bold="true" box="[144,205,1899,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B17CDF88BFE07F807" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1972" box="[211,422,1899,1921]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="octocarinatus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B17CDF88BFE07F807" box="[211,422,1899,1921]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Euplotes octocarinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in vivo (A, B) and after protargol (C, D) and “wet” silver nitrate impregnation (E). A- D. Ventral (A, C) and dorsal (B, D) views of different specimens showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. E. Dorsal argyrome of double-
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B120FF866FAF1F81D" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[1297,1360,1926,1947]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="patella">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B120FF866FAF1F81D" box="[1297,1360,1926,1947]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">patella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC, caudal cirri; DK, dorsal kineties; FVC, frontoventral cirri; MC, marginal cirri. Scale bars: 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="346036EA1707812C17A4FC8BFBB4FC0F" blockId="4.[186,669,875,905]" box="[186,1045,875,905]" lastBlockId="4.[1021,1045,875,905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C17A4FC8BFBB4FC0F" bold="true" box="[186,1045,875,905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">A B C</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="60A066621707812C17B0FC4FFD32FB92" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139740" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13139740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139740/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" startId="4.[174,207,943,965]" targetBox="[190,1441,262,873]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="346036EA1707812C17B0FC4FFD32FB92" blockId="4.[174,1444,943,1045]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C17B0FC4FFF4BFC42" bold="true" box="[174,234,943,965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691707812C17EEFC4FFED1FC42" authorityName="Wilbert and Song" authorityYear="2008" box="[240,368,943,964]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="petzi">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C17EEFC4FFED1FC42" box="[240,368,943,964]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Euplotes petzi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
after protargol (A, B) and after “wet” silver nitrate impregnation (C). A, B. Ventral (A) and dorsal (B) view of a representative specimen. Note the narrow separation between the two marginal cirri, a distinctive characteristic of this species. C. Dorsal view showing the argyrome in double-
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691707812C16FBFC04FD84FC7F" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[485,549,996,1017]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="patella">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C16FBFC04FD84FC7F" box="[485,549,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">patella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pattern. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC; caudal cirri; DK, dorsal kineties; FVC, frontoventral cirri; MC, marginal cirri. Scale bars: 30 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611707812C17B0FBBBFE6BFAD3" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="346036EA1707812C17B0FBBBFE6BFAD3" blockId="4.[174,779,1115,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C17B0FBBBFE83FBF5" bold="true" box="[174,290,1115,1139]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body size 38.2-46.2 × 25.3-36.7 μm (on average 42.6 × 29.9 μm) after protargol impregnation, shape ellipsoidal; macronucleus hook-shaped, with one spherical micronucleus attached; 35-45 adoral membranelles; 10 frontoventral, 5 transverse, 2 caudal and 2 marginal cirri; invariably 6 dorsal kineties, of which the middle kinety composed of about 8-10 dikinetids; dorsal argyrome pattern in double-
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691707812C1659FADDFE2EFAD3" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[327,399,1341,1365]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="patella">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C1659FADDFE2EFAD3" box="[327,399,1341,1365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">patella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="EB6488481707812C168BFADDFE64FAD3" box="[405,453,1341,1365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611707812C17B0FABDFDA5FA13" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="346036EA1707812C17B0FABDFDA5FA13" blockId="4.[174,779,1115,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C17B0FABDFEE9FAF3" bold="true" box="[174,328,1373,1397]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Distribution.</emphasis>
King George Island (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1707812C1522FABDFF45FA10" author="Wilbert, N. &amp; W. Song" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="979 - 1012" refId="ref6814" refString="Wilbert, N. and W. Song. 2008. A further study on littoral ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) near King George Island, Antarctica, with description of a new genus and seven new species. Journal of Natural History 42: 979 - 1012." type="journal article" year="2008">Wilbert and Song, 2008</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="4CC8767A1707812C1603FA9EFEFCFA13" box="[285,349,1406,1429]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Korea</collectingCountry>
(present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611707812C17B0FA7EFC52FBF5" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="346036EA1707812C17B0FA7EFDDEF8BF" blockId="4.[174,779,1115,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C17B0FA7EFE82FA30" bold="true" box="[174,291,1438,1462]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Remarks.</emphasis>
The morphology of the Korean and King George Island populations of
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691707812C16F5FA5EFE93FA70" authority="(Wilbert and Song, 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Wilbert and Song" baseAuthorityYear="2008" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="petzi">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C16F5FA5EFDDEFA50" box="[491,639,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Euplotes petzi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1707812C1592FA5EFE8AFA70" author="Wilbert, N. &amp; W. Song" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="979 - 1012" refId="ref6814" refString="Wilbert, N. and W. Song. 2008. A further study on littoral ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) near King George Island, Antarctica, with description of a new genus and seven new species. Journal of Natural History 42: 979 - 1012." type="journal article" year="2008">Wilbert and Song, 2008</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is mostly similar except cell size (38-46 × 25-37 μm, and 50-80 × 30-50 μm). A distinctive morphological feature of this species is the narrow separation between the two marginal cirri compared to other
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691707812C15AEF9DFFEA0F9F1" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C15AEF9DFFCAAF9D1" box="[688,779,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Euplotes</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1707812C1619F9BFFDB5F9F1" author="Di Giuseppe, G. &amp; F. Erra &amp; F. P. Frontini &amp; F. Dini &amp; A. Vallesi &amp; P. Luporini" box="[263,532,1631,1655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="402 - 411" refId="ref5088" refString="Di Giuseppe, G., F. Erra, F. P. Frontini, F. Dini, A. Vallesi and P. Luporini. 2014. Improved description of the bipolar ciliate, Euplotes petzi, and definition of its basal position in the Euplotes phylogenetic tree. European Journal of Protistology 50: 402 - 411." type="journal article" year="2014">
Di Giuseppe
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C168AF980FE6BF9F1" box="[404,458,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
improved the morphological characterization of
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691707812C16D0F960FD81F911" baseAuthorityName="Wilbert and Song" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[462,544,1664,1687]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="petzi">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C16D0F960FD81F911" box="[462,544,1664,1687]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">E. petzi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and used SSU rDNA gene sequences to relate this species to
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691707812C157EF940FE95F95E" authority="Jiang et al., 2010 b" authorityName="Jiang" authorityYear="2010" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="sinicus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C157EF940FD6BF931" box="[608,714,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">E. sinicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1707812C15CDF940FE95F95E" author="Jiang, J. &amp; Q. Zhang &amp; X. Hu &amp; C. Shao &amp; K. A. S. Al-Rasheid &amp; W. Song" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="1241 - 1251" refId="ref5506" refString="Jiang, J., Q. Zhang, X. Hu, C. Shao, K. A. S. Al-Rasheid and W. Song. 2010 b. Two new marine ciliates, Euplotes sinicus sp. nov. and Euplotes parabalteatus sp. nov., and a new small subunit rRNA gene sequence of Euplotes rariseta (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea, Euplotida). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 60: 1241 - 1251." type="journal article" year="2010">
Jiang
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C17B0F921FF45F95E" box="[174,228,1728,1752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010b
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
as the deepest branch at the base of the
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691707812C15FBF921FF4EF97E" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C15FBF921FF4EF97E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Euplotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
phylogenetic tree. Moreover, their investigation revealed notable similarities between these two species in terms of the cell size and key characteristics.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="346036EA1707812C17B0F8A1FC52FBF5" blockId="4.[174,779,1115,1978]" lastBlockId="4.[839,1011,1115,1139]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C17B0F8A1FEC0F8DF" bold="true" box="[174,353,1857,1881]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Voucher slides.</emphasis>
One slide with protargol-impregnated specimens (NNIBRPR25661) and one slide with wet silver nitrate-impregnated specimens (NNIBRPR25662) were deposited at the Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

258
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<paragraph id="346036EA1701812A17B0FC6AFD6DFC24" blockId="2.[174,716,906,931]" box="[174,716,906,931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">
<heading id="6F2881861701812A17B0FC6AFD6DFC24" bold="true" box="[174,716,906,931]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" reason="3">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A17B0FC6AFD6DFC24" bold="true" box="[174,716,906,931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">
2.
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691701812A17D7FC6AFD6DFC24" ID-CoL="3CWB2" ID-ENA="184062" authority="Valbonesi and Luporini, 1990" authorityName="Valbonesi and Luporini" authorityYear="1990" box="[201,716,906,931]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="nobilii">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A17D7FC6AFED6FC24" bold="true" box="[201,375,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Euplotes nobilii</emphasis>
Valbonesi and Luporini, 1990
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611701812A17D7FC4AFEBBFC44" box="[201,282,938,962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" type="description">
<paragraph id="346036EA1701812A17D7FC4AFEBBFC44" blockId="2.[201,282,938,962]" box="[201,282,938,962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A17D7FC4AFEBBFC44" bold="true" box="[201,282,938,962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">
(
<figureCitation id="ACE42A6F1701812A17CEFC4AFEB3FC44" box="[208,274,938,962]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[168,201,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[172,1433,1351,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-567@2.[168,1438,1350,1874]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Euplotes nobilii in vivo (A) and after protargol (B, C) and “wet” silver nitrate impregnation (D). A-C. Ventral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views showing the infraciliature. D. Dorsal view showing the argyrome pattern of double-patella type.AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DK, dorsal kineties; FVC, frontoventral cirri; MC, marginal cirri; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 30μm (A), 20μm (B-D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139736/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611701812A17B0FC0BFF4BFBE2" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="346036EA1701812A17B0FC0BFF4BFBE2" blockId="2.[174,779,1002,1285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A17B0FC0BFE2CFB85" bold="true" box="[174,397,1003,1027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="84B73CB71701812A168DFC0BFF47FBE2" collectingDate="2020-07-23" country="South Korea" county="Gangwon-do" latitude="37.801666" location="Marine" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="128.90388" municipality="Gangneung-si" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" specimenCount="1">
<location id="310060311701812A168DFC0BFE7EFB85" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC7687FC1701812B17B0FC6AFE9AFC04:310060311701812A168DFC0BFE7EFB85" box="[403,479,1003,1027]" country="South Korea" county="Gangwon-do" latitude="37.801666" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="128.90388" municipality="Gangneung-si" name="Marine" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Marine</location>
water (salinity 21‰) collected from
<location id="310060311701812A160EFBECFE0EFBA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC7687FC1701812B17B0FC6AFE9AFC04:310060311701812A160EFBECFE0EFBA5" box="[272,431,1035,1060]" country="South Korea" county="Gangwon-do" latitude="37.801666" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="128.90388" municipality="Gangneung-si" name="Gyeonpo Lake" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Gyeonpo Lake</location>
,
<location id="310060311701812A16A4FBEBFDBDFBA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC7687FC1701812B17B0FC6AFE9AFC04:310060311701812A16A4FBEBFDBDFBA5" box="[442,540,1035,1059]" country="South Korea" county="Gangwon-do" latitude="37.801666" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="128.90388" municipality="Gangneung-si" name="Jeo-dong" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Jeo-dong</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="D404AC901701812A1536FBEBFD1CFBA5" box="[552,701,1035,1059]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Gangneung-si</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="DD014E661701812A15D7FBECFEA4FBC2" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Gangwon-do</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingCountry id="4CC8767A1701812A160CFBCCFEF4FBC5" box="[274,341,1068,1091]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
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,
<geoCoordinate id="51EB502D1701812A16F5FBCCFDDAFBC2" box="[491,635,1066,1092]" degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" precision="15" seconds="14" value="128.90388">128°54′14″E</geoCoordinate>
) on
<date id="4061102A1701812A15AFFBCCFF47FBE2" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" value="2020-07-23">
<collectingDate id="5025E9C21701812A15AFFBCCFF47FBE2" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" value="2020-07-23">July 23, 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611701812A17B0FB8CFA35FEF8" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="346036EA1701812A17B0FB8CFA35FEF8" blockId="2.[174,779,1002,1285]" lastBlockId="2.[839,1444,261,1285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A17B0FB8CFE86FB02" bold="true" box="[174,295,1132,1156]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body size about 29.7-41.7 × 14.9-26.4 μm (on average 33.8 × 20.0 μm) after protargol impregnation, body shape sharp oval, left margin slightly more convex than right margin, 6 dorsal and 3 ventral ridges; one macronucleus C-shaped with one spherical micronucleus attached; 19-29 adoral membranelles; 10 frontoventral, 5 transverse, 2 caudal and 1 marginal cirrus; 7 or 8 dorsal kineties, of which the middle kinety composed of 6-9 dikinetids; dorsal argyrome pattern of double-
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691701812A120FFE86FAF8FEF8" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[1297,1369,358,382]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="patella">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A120FFE86FAF8FEF8" box="[1297,1369,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">patella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="EB6488481701812A127EFE86FA31FEF8" box="[1376,1424,358,382]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611701812A1459FE66FA20FE59" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="346036EA1701812A1459FE66FA20FE59" blockId="2.[839,1444,261,1285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A1459FE66FC7AFE18" bold="true" box="[839,987,390,414]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Distribution.</emphasis>
Probably cosmopolitan (
<collectingCountry id="4CC8767A1701812A13F8FE66FAF9FE18" box="[1254,1368,390,414]" name="Greenland" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Greenland</collectingCountry>
, Tierra del Fuego, Terra Nova, Antarctic Ocean and
<collectingCountry id="4CC8767A1701812A1237FE47FACDFE38" box="[1321,1388,423,446]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Korea</collectingCountry>
;
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A1266FE46FBC8FE59" author="Valbonesi, A. &amp; P. Luporini" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="47 - 53" refId="ref6663" refString="Valbonesi, A. and P. Luporini. 1990 a. Description of two new species of Euplotes and Euplotes rariseta from Antarctica. Polar Biology 11 (1): 47 - 53." type="journal article" year="1990">Valbonesi and Luporini, 1990a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A136DFE27FAD7FE59" author="Di Giuseppe, G. &amp; M. Barbieri &amp; A. Vallesi &amp; P. Luporini &amp; F. Dini" box="[1139,1398,454,479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="4029 - 4037" refId="ref5150" refString="Di Giuseppe, G., M. Barbieri, A. Vallesi, P. Luporini and F. Dini. 2013. Phylogeographical pattern of Euplotes nobilii, a protist ciliate with a bipolar biogeographical distribution. Molecular Ecology 22: 4029 - 4037." type="journal article" year="2013">
Di Giuseppe
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A13E2FE27FA90FE58" box="[1276,1329,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611701812B1459FE07FE9AFC04" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="346036EA1701812A1459FE07FB9DFD26" blockId="2.[839,1444,261,1285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A1459FE07FC17FE79" bold="true" box="[839,950,487,511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Remarks.</emphasis>
The Korean population corresponds well with the
<typeStatus id="EB6488481701812A146DFDE8FC02FDA6" box="[883,931,520,544]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">type</typeStatus>
population (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A132CFDE7FA36FD99" author="Valbonesi, A. &amp; P. Luporini" box="[1074,1431,519,543]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="47 - 53" refId="ref6663" refString="Valbonesi, A. and P. Luporini. 1990 a. Description of two new species of Euplotes and Euplotes rariseta from Antarctica. Polar Biology 11 (1): 47 - 53." type="journal article" year="1990">Valbonesi and Luporini, 1990a</bibRefCitation>
), although one outlier specimen from the Korean population showed a slightly higher number of adoral membranelles (i.e., 29 adoral membranelles) than the
<typeStatus id="EB6488481701812A123FFD88FAEFFD06" box="[1313,1358,616,640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">type</typeStatus>
population (19-23 vs. 18-22).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="346036EA1701812B1440FD48FEF2FD67" blockId="2.[839,1444,261,1285]" lastBlockId="3.[144,749,261,898]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">
Compared to other species in the genus,
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691701812A1232FD49FC5FFD67" authority="Curds et al., 1974" authorityName="Curds" authorityYear="1974" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="rariseta">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A1232FD49FA05FD46" box="[1324,1444,681,704]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">E. rariseta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A1459FD29FC5FFD67" author="Curds, C. R. &amp; B. J. West &amp; E Dorahy" box="[839,1022,713,737]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="95 - 102" refId="ref4983" refString="Curds, C. R., B. J. West and J. E Dorahy. 1974. Euplotes rariseta sp. n. (Protozoa, Ciliatea), a new small marine hypotrich. Bulletin of the British Museum (National History) Zoology 27: 95 - 102." type="journal article" year="1974">
Curds
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A1495FD29FC1EFD67" box="[907,959,713,737]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">et al.</emphasis>
, 1974
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
highly resembles
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691701812A13A4FD29FAB8FD67" authorityName="Valbonesi and Luporini" authorityYear="1990" box="[1210,1305,713,737]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="nobilii">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A13A4FD29FAB8FD67" box="[1210,1305,713,737]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">E. nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it differs from the latter by the number of dikinetids in the middle kinety (maximum 6 vs. 6-9) (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A1369FCE9FA95FCA7" author="Curds, C. R. &amp; B. J. West &amp; E Dorahy" box="[1143,1332,777,801]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="95 - 102" refId="ref4983" refString="Curds, C. R., B. J. West and J. E Dorahy. 1974. Euplotes rariseta sp. n. (Protozoa, Ciliatea), a new small marine hypotrich. Bulletin of the British Museum (National History) Zoology 27: 95 - 102." type="journal article" year="1974">
Curds
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A13A3FCEAFB50FCA7" box="[1213,1265,777,801]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">et al.</emphasis>
, 1974
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A1223FCE9FB8FFCC4" author="Valbonesi, A. &amp; P. Luporini" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="47 - 53" refId="ref6663" refString="Valbonesi, A. and P. Luporini. 1990 a. Description of two new species of Euplotes and Euplotes rariseta from Antarctica. Polar Biology 11 (1): 47 - 53." type="journal article" year="1990">Valbonesi and Luporini, 1990a</bibRefCitation>
). However, the description of the morphometric features of the dorsal kinety of
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691701812A122DFCAAFA05FCE7" box="[1331,1444,842,865]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="rariseta">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A122DFCAAFA05FCE7" box="[1331,1444,842,865]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">E. rariseta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has experienced some variation since it was originally described, to include variability among populations, i.e., (number of dorsal kineties/number of dikinetids on mid-kinety) 5/maximum 6 (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A1366FC2BFA36FC65" author="Wilbert, N. &amp; D. Kahan" box="[1144,1431,971,995]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="70 - 95" refId="ref6784" refString="Wilbert, N. and D. Kahan. 1981. Ciliates of Solar Lake on the Red Sea Shore. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 124: 70 - 95." type="journal article" year="1981">Wilbert and Kahan, 1981</bibRefCitation>
), 6/5-7 (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A1490FC0BFBFAFB85" author="Kim, E. H. &amp; W. J. Lee" box="[910,1115,1003,1027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="128 - 135" refId="ref5678" refString="Kim, E. H. and W. J. Lee. 2019. Redescriptions of Euplotes encysticus and E. rariseta (Protist: Ciliophora: Euplotida). Journal of Species Research 8: 128 - 135." type="journal article" year="2019">Kim and Lee, 2019</bibRefCitation>
), 7/7 (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A1386FC0BFAF4FB85" author="Dallai, R. &amp; C. Miceli &amp; P. Luporini" box="[1176,1365,1003,1027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="263 - 280" refId="ref5037" refString="Dallai, R., C. Miceli and P. Luporini. 1987. Euplotes rariseta Curds et al. (Ciliophora Hypotrichida) from the Somalian coast: Description and preliminary observations on cyst induction and ultrastrucutre. Monitore Zoologico Italiano. Supplemento 22: 263 - 280." type="journal article" year="1987">
Dallai
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A13C1FC0CFAB3FB85" box="[1247,1298,1003,1027]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">et al.</emphasis>
, 1987
</bibRefCitation>
), 7/5-7 (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A1450FBECFBFBFBA2" author="Song, W. &amp; G. Packroff" box="[846,1114,1035,1060]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="331 - 360" refId="ref6518" refString="Song, W. and G. Packroff. 1997. Taxonomy and morphology of marine ciliates from China with description of two new species, Strombidium globosaneum nov. spec. and S. platum nov. spec. (Protozoa, Ciliophora). Archiv fur Protistenkunde 147: 331 - 360." type="journal article" year="1997">Song and Packroff, 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A1378FBECFAACFBA2" author="Ma, H. &amp; J. Jiang &amp; X. Hu &amp; C. Shao &amp; W. Song" box="[1126,1293,1035,1060]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="57 - 62" refId="ref5991" refString="Ma, H., J. Jiang, X. Hu, C. Shao and W. Song. 2007. Morphology and morphogenesis of the marine ciliate, Euplotes rariseta (Ciliophora, Euplotida). Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 32: 57 - 62." type="journal article" year="2007">
Ma
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A138FFBECFB66FBA5" box="[1169,1223,1035,1059]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007
</bibRefCitation>
), 7/8-10 (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A1268FBEBFBDCFBC2" author="Valbonesi, A. &amp; P. Luporini" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="47 - 53" refId="ref6663" refString="Valbonesi, A. and P. Luporini. 1990 a. Description of two new species of Euplotes and Euplotes rariseta from Antarctica. Polar Biology 11 (1): 47 - 53." type="journal article" year="1990">Valbonesi and Luporini, 1990a</bibRefCitation>
). The Antarctic population reported by
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A14DBFBACFAAFFBE2" author="Valbonesi, A. &amp; P. Luporini" box="[965,1294,1100,1124]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="47 - 53" refId="ref6663" refString="Valbonesi, A. and P. Luporini. 1990 a. Description of two new species of Euplotes and Euplotes rariseta from Antarctica. Polar Biology 11 (1): 47 - 53." type="journal article" year="1990">Valbonesi and Luporini (1990a)</bibRefCitation>
might be new to science, as already mentioned by the authors, because it has more adoral membranelles than the others: 28-30 vs. 23 (as seen in the original line drawings of the
<typeStatus id="EB6488481701812A1268FB4DFA05FB43" box="[1398,1444,1197,1221]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">type</typeStatus>
population in
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A14FDFB2DFB10FB63" author="Curds, C. R. &amp; B. J. West &amp; E Dorahy" box="[995,1201,1229,1253]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="95 - 102" refId="ref4983" refString="Curds, C. R., B. J. West and J. E Dorahy. 1974. Euplotes rariseta sp. n. (Protozoa, Ciliatea), a new small marine hypotrich. Bulletin of the British Museum (National History) Zoology 27: 95 - 102." type="journal article" year="1974">
Curds
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A1330FB2EFBC6FB63" box="[1070,1127,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">et al.</emphasis>
, 1974
</bibRefCitation>
), 22±2 (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A1208FB2DFC21FA83" author="Dallai, R. &amp; C. Miceli &amp; P. Luporini" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="263 - 280" refId="ref5037" refString="Dallai, R., C. Miceli and P. Luporini. 1987. Euplotes rariseta Curds et al. (Ciliophora Hypotrichida) from the Somalian coast: Description and preliminary observations on cyst induction and ultrastrucutre. Monitore Zoologico Italiano. Supplemento 22: 263 - 280." type="journal article" year="1987">
Dallai
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A127AFB2EFA3CFB63" box="[1380,1437,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">et al.</emphasis>
, 1987
</bibRefCitation>
), 17-21 (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A14F8FB0DFB5DFA83" author="Song, W. &amp; G. Packroff" box="[998,1276,1261,1285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="331 - 360" refId="ref6518" refString="Song, W. and G. Packroff. 1997. Taxonomy and morphology of marine ciliates from China with description of two new species, Strombidium globosaneum nov. spec. and S. platum nov. spec. (Protozoa, Ciliophora). Archiv fur Protistenkunde 147: 331 - 360." type="journal article" year="1997">Song and Packroff, 1997</bibRefCitation>
), 17-22 (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812B127CFB0DFF50FE9B" author="Ma, H. &amp; J. Jiang &amp; X. Hu &amp; C. Shao &amp; W. Song" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="57 - 62" refId="ref5991" refString="Ma, H., J. Jiang, X. Hu, C. Shao and W. Song. 2007. Morphology and morphogenesis of the marine ciliate, Euplotes rariseta (Ciliophora, Euplotida). Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica 32: 57 - 62." type="journal article" year="2007">
Ma
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812B128EFB0EFF0AFE9B" italics="true" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007
</bibRefCitation>
). Unfortunately, phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA), do not provide enough resolution to discriminate among species of
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B178EFE86FF4BFEF8" box="[144,234,358,382]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B178EFE86FF4BFEF8" box="[144,234,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Euplotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus,
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B1629FE86FE37FEF8" authorityName="Valbonesi and Luporini" authorityYear="1990" box="[311,406,358,382]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="nobilii">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1629FE86FE37FEF8" box="[311,406,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">E. nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691700812B16D6FE86FD96FEFB" box="[456,567,358,381]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="rariseta">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B16D6FE86FD96FEFB" box="[456,567,358,381]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">E. rariseta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GenBank accession numbers KC599234 and AF492706, respectively) cluster together as almost similar species according to the SSU rDNA phylogeny (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1700812B1691FE27FDE8FE59" author="Lian, C. &amp; Y. Wang &amp; J. Jiang &amp; Q. Yuan &amp; S. A. Al-Farraj &amp; H. A. El-Serehy &amp; W. Song &amp; T. Stoeck &amp; C. Shao" box="[399,585,454,479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="359 - 374" refId="ref5805" refString="Lian, C., Y. Wang, J. Jiang, Q. Yuan, S. A. Al-Farraj, H. A. El-Serehy, W. Song, T. Stoeck and C. Shao. 2021. Systematic positions and taxonomy of two new ciliates found in China: Euplotes tuffraui sp. nov. and E. shii sp. nov. (Alveolata, Ciliophora, Euplotida). Systematics and Biodiversity 19: 359 - 374." type="journal article" year="2021">
Lian
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B16D4FE27FDA0FE58" box="[458,513,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
, 2021
</bibRefCitation>
). In contrast to the limited resolution provided by the SSU rDNA gene to identify cryptic species, mitochondrial cytochrome
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B15B1FDE8FD1AFD99" box="[687,699,520,543]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">c</emphasis>
oxidase subunit I gene (
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B1675FDC7FE3DFDB9" box="[363,412,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">CO1</emphasis>
) has been proved as a valuable barcode to distinguish among cryptic species with identical SSU rDNA regions (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1700812B16BBFD88FD40FD06" author="Quintela-Alonso, P. &amp; F. Nitsche &amp; C. Wylezich &amp; H. Arndt and &amp; W. Foissner" box="[421,737,616,640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="235 - 246" refId="ref6408" refString="Quintela-Alonso, P., F. Nitsche, C. Wylezich, H. Arndt and W. Foissner. 2013. A new Tetrahymena (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) from groundwater of Cape Town, South Africa. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 60: 235 - 246." type="journal article" year="2013">
Quintela-Alonso
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B157FFD89FD38FD06" box="[609,665,616,640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013
</bibRefCitation>
), because it has a distinct ‘barcode gap’ between maximum intra-specific and minimum inter-specific divergences (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1700812B1789FD29FEE9FD67" author="Park, M. H. &amp; J. H. Jung &amp; E. Jo &amp; K. M. Park &amp; Y. S. Baek &amp; S. J. Kim &amp; G. S. Min" box="[151,328,713,737]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206" pagination="148 - 155" refId="ref6213" refString="Park, M. H., J. H. Jung, E. Jo, K. M. Park, Y. S. Baek, S. J. Kim and G. S. Min. 2019. Utility of mitochondrial CO 1 sequences for species discrimination of Spirotrichea ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora). Mitochondrial DNA Part A 30: 148 - 155." type="journal article" year="2019">
Park
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B17D0FD29FEA2FD67" box="[206,259,713,737]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="60A066621701812A17B6F893FAA7F83B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139736" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13139736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139736/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" startId="2.[168,201,1907,1929]" targetBox="[172,1433,1351,1874]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="346036EA1701812A17B6F893FAA7F83B" blockId="2.[168,1438,1907,1982]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A17B6F893FF44F80E" bold="true" box="[168,229,1907,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691701812A17F5F893FEDDF80E" authorityName="Valbonesi and Luporini" authorityYear="1990" box="[235,380,1907,1928]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="nobilii">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A17F5F893FEDDF80E" box="[235,380,1907,1928]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Euplotes nobilii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in vivo (A) and after protargol (B, C) and “wet” silver nitrate impregnation (D). A- C. Ventral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views showing the infraciliature. D. Dorsal view showing the argyrome pattern of double-
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691701812A14C2F86DFBBAF824" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[988,1051,1933,1954]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="patella">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A14C2F86DFBBAF824" box="[988,1051,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">patella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DK, dorsal kineties; FVC, frontoventral cirri; MC, marginal cirri; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 30 μm (A), 20 μm (B- D).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="346036EA1700812B178EFD09FE9AFC04" blockId="3.[144,749,261,898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81700812B178EFD09FEE2FC87" bold="true" box="[144,323,745,769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="206">Voucher slides.</emphasis>
One slide with protargol-impregnated specimens (NNIBRPR25657) and one slide with wet silver nitrate-impregnated specimens (NNIBRPR25658) were deposited at the Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
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<mods:titleInfo id="71653833AD2967F34F7969759EEB38E8">
<mods:title id="814B37668C005A891331BB8E88D7F027">New record of five Euplotes species (Protozoa, Ciliophora) collected from South Korea</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="DCFB2E089E77FF152156E2351049A1D3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DFDBCCAA4BEBED5173AA8FDB8B015481">
<mods:roleTerm id="5E5C4920DB9567B0B051811641F5CAB7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C3199CB53A89DCA69E29CE7A3039961F">Yeo, Jeong Hyeon</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="90A0DC70CF51B68C418B97B623A824CD">Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AA7CCF937D0AF3625B3404B25D595B71" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C85283BC921D2AD2C733A8B9CE1A1089">
<mods:roleTerm id="3E18615400FC3E4F462C0B0C917065FB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D4D02E39EB7FEC298F3F774B57EE8FA0">Jung, Pablo Quintela-Alonso and Jae-Ho</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="C73B7FC53BCBE3EB25673F9507D50EA8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="166E58A6BFDDC7674F274961F940CAE7" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="52511226FF1FB940BBCC1553D96FBC6E">
<mods:title id="A2593BD8CBACB6D3D5A571A76ED60902">Journal of Species Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5311CFCC631C00D37CF3ADED2E13924D">
<mods:date id="6D47F4B7CD0642FDEB767627CDF3F2E9">2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E3E68ABB078D00A8CCCE7290CF12D199" type="volume">
<mods:number id="B5DFEAB27CA5092B2C27689D39D94345">12</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F99E93342CED5C52B3D3E0F9ABDEADA2" type="issue">
<mods:number id="27F1F9A9F73EF459DFDB45882BDF3D94">3</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="246459366656602630A301C221E18DA5" unit="page">
<mods:start id="716C24457841F5CA1F1F6EE63F388A32">203</mods:start>
<mods:end id="B6F4B0F4E556AA6D90453CD8186DFA1D">211</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="4215D3C687014A33C9B997ACB156542B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6D195F3DA0A3DFC275D4812E41D3B25D" type="DOI">10.12651/JSR.2023.12.3.203</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EF09EA4EF73B98751985B4ED07F7C5E3" type="ISSN">2713-8615</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EA6DD2D9D6B7576D7ABCF49912A4A785" type="Zenodo-Dep">13139732</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="BC7687FC1702812A178EFD48FDDDFCE7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC7687FC1702812A178EFD48FDDDFCE7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BC7687FC1702812A178EFD48FDDDFCE7" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="205" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
<subSubSection id="7CC5656117028129178EFD48FD1DFD46" box="[144,700,680,705]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="346036EA17028129178EFD48FD1DFD46" blockId="1.[144,700,680,705]" box="[144,700,680,705]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
<heading id="6F28818617028129178EFD48FD1DFD46" bold="true" box="[144,700,680,705]" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" reason="3">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF817028129178EFD48FD1DFD46" bold="true" box="[144,700,680,705]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
1.
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691702812917B4FD48FD1DFD46" ID-CoL="3CW9L" ID-ENA="36767" authority="Valbonesi and Luporini, 1990" authorityName="Valbonesi and Luporini" authorityYear="1990" box="[170,700,680,705]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="focardii">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81702812917B4FD48FEC6FD46" bold="true" box="[170,359,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Euplotes focardii</emphasis>
Valbonesi and Luporini, 1990
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611702812917B4FD29FF5DFD67" box="[170,252,713,737]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" type="description">
<paragraph id="346036EA1702812917B4FD29FF5DFD67" blockId="1.[170,252,713,737]" box="[170,252,713,737]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81702812917B4FD29FF5DFD67" bold="true" box="[170,252,713,737]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
(
<figureCitation id="ACE42A6F1702812917ACFD29FF52FD67" box="[178,243,713,737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[144,177,1880,1902]" captionTargetBox="[145,1395,1485,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-575@1.[144,1414,1485,1847]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Euplotes focardii in vivo (A) and after protargol (B, C) and “wet” silver nitrate impregnation(D). A-D. Ventral (A, C) and dorsal (B, D) views of two specimens showing the infraciliature and the three ventral and six dorsal ridges. E. Dorsal argyrome in double-eurystomus pattern.AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC; caudal cirri; DK, dorsal kineties; FVC, frontoventral cirri; MC, marginal cirri. Scale bars: 20μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139734/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC5656117028129178EFCE9FE91FC04" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="346036EA17028129178EFCE9FE91FC04" blockId="1.[144,749,777,1414]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF817028129178EFCE9FED1FCA7" bold="true" box="[144,368,777,801]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="84B73CB7170281291669FCE9FE8DFC04" collectingDate="2020-02-20" country="South Korea" county="Jeju-si" latitude="33.517223" location="Marine" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="126.534164" municipality="Geonib-dong" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jeju">
<location id="31006031170281291669FCE9FE62FCA7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC7687FC1702812A178EFD48FDDDFCE7:31006031170281291669FCE9FE62FCA7" box="[375,451,777,801]" country="South Korea" county="Jeju-si" latitude="33.517223" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="126.534164" municipality="Geonib-dong" name="Marine" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" stateProvince="Jeju">Marine</location>
water (salinity 34.9‰, temperature 21℃) collected from
<location id="310060311702812916F8FCC9FDE9FCC7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC7687FC1702812A178EFD48FDDDFCE7:310060311702812916F8FCC9FDE9FCC7" box="[486,584,809,833]" country="South Korea" county="Jeju-si" latitude="33.517223" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="126.534164" municipality="Geonib-dong" name="Seobudu" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" stateProvince="Jeju">Seobudu</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="D404AC90170281291548FCC9FD49FCC7" box="[598,744,809,833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Geonib-dong</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="DD014E6617028129178EFCAAFF76FCE4" box="[144,215,842,866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Jeju-si</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="F61BF8081702812917FDFCAAFE92FCE4" box="[227,307,842,866]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Jeju-do</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="4CC8767A17028129165EFCAAFE21FCE7" box="[320,384,842,865]" name="South Korea" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="51EB502D170281291690FCAAFDA1FCE7" box="[398,512,841,866]" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" precision="15" seconds="2" value="33.517223">33°31′2″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="51EB502D170281291513FCAAFD29FCE4" box="[525,648,841,866]" degrees="126" direction="east" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" precision="15" seconds="3" value="126.534164">126°32′3″E</geoCoordinate>
) on
<date id="4061102A1702812915A2FCAAFE8DFC04" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" value="2020-02-20">
<collectingDate id="5025E9C21702812915A2FCAAFE8DFC04" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" value="2020-02-20">February 20, 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC5656117028129178EFC6AFE0CFB43" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="346036EA17028129178EFC6AFE0CFB43" blockId="1.[144,749,777,1414]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF817028129178EFC6AFEA5FC24" bold="true" box="[144,260,906,930]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body size 53.9-72.7 × 41.7-58.8 μm (on average 65.1 × 47.1 μm) after protargol impregnation, shape ellipsoidal, 6 dorsal and 3 ventral ridges (shorter ventral ridges between frontoventral cirri are not included); macronucleus C-shaped, with a single small spherical micronucleus attached to it; 49-56 adoral membranelles; 10 frontoventral, 5 transverse, 2 caudal and 2 marginal cirri; 9 or 10 dorsal kineties, of which the middle kinety composed of about 15-20 dikinetids; dorsal argyrome pattern of double-
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691702812917E5FB4DFED3FB42" authorityName="Wrzesniowski" authorityYear="1870" box="[251,370,1197,1220]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="eurystomus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81702812917E5FB4DFED3FB42" box="[251,370,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">eurystomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="EB648848170281291667FB4DFE08FB43" box="[377,425,1197,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC5656117028129178EFB2DFE03FA83" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="346036EA17028129178EFB2DFE03FA83" blockId="1.[144,749,777,1414]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF817028129178EFB2DFE83FB63" bold="true" box="[144,290,1229,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="4CC8767A170281291639FB2DFE35FB63" box="[295,404,1229,1253]" name="Antarctica" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B170281291680FB2DFD44FB63" author="Valbonesi, A. &amp; P. Luporini" box="[414,741,1229,1253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="57 - 61" refId="ref6699" refString="Valbonesi, A. and P. Luporini. 1990 b. A new marine species of Euplotes (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida) from Antarctica. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 56: 57 - 61." type="journal article" year="1990">Valbonesi and Luporini, 1990b</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="4CC8767A1702812917A2FB0EFF5DFA83" box="[188,252,1262,1285]" name="South Korea" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Korea</collectingCountry>
(present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611702812A178EFAEEFDDDFCE7" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="205" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="346036EA17028129178EFAEEFA24FCA7" blockId="1.[144,749,777,1414]" lastBlockId="1.[809,1414,261,1414]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF817028129178EFAEEFEA2FAA0" bold="true" box="[144,259,1294,1318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Remarks.</emphasis>
The Korean population resembles the
<typeStatus id="EB6488481702812915A3FAEEFD4AFAA0" box="[701,747,1294,1318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">type</typeStatus>
population except for the dorsal (distinct vs. indistinct) and ventral ridges (3 vs. 2) (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B170281291691FAAEFD40FAE0" author="Valbonesi, A. &amp; P. Luporini" box="[399,737,1358,1382]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="57 - 61" refId="ref6699" refString="Valbonesi, A. and P. Luporini. 1990 b. A new marine species of Euplotes (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida) from Antarctica. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 56: 57 - 61." type="journal article" year="1990">Valbonesi and Luporini, 1990b</bibRefCitation>
). These populations were collected from marine environments and the other morphometric data correspond each other. The identification of
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D6917028129134EFEC6FB60FEBB" authorityName="Valbonesi and Luporini" authorityYear="1990" box="[1104,1217,293,317]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="focardii">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF817028129134EFEC6FB60FEBB" box="[1104,1217,293,317]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">E. focardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is rather complex due to the strong overlapping of morphometric data among several
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D69170281291467FE86FB84FEF8" box="[889,1061,358,382]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF8170281291467FE86FC75FEF8" box="[889,980,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Euplotes</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(e.g., body size, adoral membranelles, cirri, dorsal kineties).
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D69170281291350FE66FAA2FE18" authorityName="Valbonesi and Luporini" authorityYear="1990" box="[1102,1283,390,414]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="focardii">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF8170281291350FE66FAA2FE18" box="[1102,1283,390,414]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Euplotes focardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphologically resembles
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691702812914FCFE47FAC0FE38" authority="Wichterman, 1964" authorityName="Wichterman" authorityYear="1964" box="[994,1377,422,446]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="neapolitanus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81702812914FCFE47FB2CFE38" box="[994,1165,422,446]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">E. neapolitanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B170281291388FE46FAC0FE38" author="Wichterman, R." box="[1174,1377,422,446]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="362 - 370" refId="ref6864" refString="Wichterman, R. 1964. Description and Life Cycle of Euplotes neapolitanus sp. nov. (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Hypotrichida) from the Gulf of Naples. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 83 (3): 362 - 370." type="journal article" year="1964">Wichterman, 1964</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D69170281291270FE47FA9BFE58" authority="Dragesco and Dragesco-Kerneis, 1986" authorityName="Dragesco and Dragesco-Kerneis" authorityYear="1986" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="platystoma">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF8170281291270FE47FC3DFE58" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">E. platystoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1702812914BDFE27FA9BFE58" author="Dragesco, J. &amp; A. Dragesco-Kerneis" box="[931,1338,454,479]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="1 - 559" refId="ref5197" refString="Dragesco, J. and A. Dragesco-Kerneis. 1986. Cilies libres de l'Afrique intertropicale. Introduction a la connaissance et a l'etude des cilies. Faune Tropicale 26: 1 - 559." type="journal article" year="1986">Dragesco and Dragesco-Kernéis, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D69170281291271FE27FB28FE79" authority="Song et al., 1998" authorityName="Song" authorityYear="1998" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="shanghaiensis">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF8170281291271FE27FC61FE79" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">E. shanghaiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1702812914D7FE07FB28FE79" author="Song, W. &amp; A. Warren &amp; B. F. Hill" box="[969,1161,487,511]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="104 - 110" refId="ref6573" refString="Song, W., A. Warren and B. F. Hill. 1998. Description of a new freshwater ciliate, Euplotes shanghaiensis nov. spec. from China (Ciliophora, Euplotidae). European Journal of Protistology 34 (2): 104 - 110." type="journal article" year="1998">
Song
<emphasis id="06ABEAF8170281291317FE07FBE0FE79" box="[1033,1089,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">et al.</emphasis>
, 1998
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D6917028129138BFE07FA27FE79" authorityName="Wichterman" authorityYear="1964" box="[1173,1414,487,511]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="neapolitanus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF817028129138BFE07FA27FE79" box="[1173,1414,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Euplotes neapolitanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691702812914B7FDE8FBB4FD99" authorityName="Valbonesi and Luporini" authorityYear="1990" box="[937,1045,519,543]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="focardii">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81702812914B7FDE8FBB4FD99" box="[937,1045,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">E. focardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the body size (130-150 × 70-75 μm vs. 38-110 × 30-92 μm), the shape of anterior body end (truncated vs. rounded) and the arrangement of marginal and caudal cirri (evenly distributed vs. a distinct gap between marginal and caudal cirri) (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1702812913AEFD68FA99FD26" author="Curds, C. R." box="[1200,1336,648,672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="1 - 61" refId="ref4944" refString="Curds, C. R. 1975. A guide to the species of the genus Euplotes (Hypotrichida, Ciliatea). Bulletin of the British Museum (National History) Zoology 28: 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="1975">Curds, 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B17028129125BFD68FC2FFD47" author="Liu, W. &amp; J. Jiang &amp; Y. Tan &amp; X. Lin" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref5891" refString="Liu, W., J. Jiang, Y. Tan and X. Lin. 2020. Novel contributions to the taxonomy of the ciliates genus Euplotes (Ciliophora, Euplotida): Redescription of two poorly known species, with a brief note on the distributions of this genus in coastal waters of Southern China. Frontiers in Marine Science 7: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="2020">
Liu
<emphasis id="06ABEAF817028129126CFD69FCE4FD46" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">et al.</emphasis>
, 2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691702812914BFFD48FB3EFD46" box="[929,1183,680,704]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="shanghaiensis">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81702812914BFFD48FB3EFD46" box="[929,1183,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Euplotes shanghaiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D6917028129147CFD29FC70FD67" authorityName="Valbonesi and Luporini" authorityYear="1990" box="[866,977,713,737]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="focardii">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF817028129147CFD29FC70FD67" box="[866,977,713,737]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">E. focardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the body shape (D-shaped vs. ellipsoidal), the number of dorsal kineties (12 or 13 vs. 9 or 10) and the habitat (freshwater vs. marine) (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1702812913DDFCE9FAD8FCA7" author="Song, W. &amp; A. Warren &amp; B. F. Hill" box="[1219,1401,777,801]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="104 - 110" refId="ref6573" refString="Song, W., A. Warren and B. F. Hill. 1998. Description of a new freshwater ciliate, Euplotes shanghaiensis nov. spec. from China (Ciliophora, Euplotidae). European Journal of Protistology 34 (2): 104 - 110." type="journal article" year="1998">
Song
<emphasis id="06ABEAF817028129121FFCEAFA94FCA7" box="[1281,1333,777,801]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">et al.</emphasis>
, 1998
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="346036EA1702812A145EFCC9FE8BFD46" blockId="1.[809,1414,261,1414]" lastBlockId="2.[174,779,261,866]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="205" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
Based on the original descriptions,
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691702812913B3FCCAFA9DFCC7" authorityName="Dragesco and Dragesco-Kerneis" authorityYear="1986" box="[1197,1340,809,833]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="platystoma">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81702812913B3FCCAFA9DFCC7" box="[1197,1340,809,833]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">E. platystoma</emphasis>
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differs from
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D6917028129147BFCAAFC77FCE4" authorityName="Valbonesi and Luporini" authorityYear="1990" box="[869,982,842,866]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="focardii">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF817028129147BFCAAFC77FCE4" box="[869,982,842,866]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">E. focardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the number of dorsal kineties (11 vs. 10), the arrangement of marginal and caudal cirri (evenly distributed vs. a distinct gap between marginal and caudal cirri), and the habitat (brackish water vs. marine) (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B170281291225FC4BFB21FC65" author="Dragesco, J. &amp; A. Dragesco-Kerneis" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="1 - 559" refId="ref5197" refString="Dragesco, J. and A. Dragesco-Kerneis. 1986. Cilies libres de l'Afrique intertropicale. Introduction a la connaissance et a l'etude des cilies. Faune Tropicale 26: 1 - 559." type="journal article" year="1986">Dragesco and Dragesco-Kernéis, 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B170281291394FC2BFCCEFB85" author="Valbonesi, A. &amp; P. Luporini" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="57 - 61" refId="ref6699" refString="Valbonesi, A. and P. Luporini. 1990 b. A new marine species of Euplotes (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida) from Antarctica. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 56: 57 - 61." type="journal article" year="1990">Valbonesi and Luporini, 1990b</bibRefCitation>
). However, recent descriptions blur the boundary between these two species. For instance, the number of dorsal kineties varies among
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D69170281291374FBCCFAA1FBC2" authorityName="Dragesco and Dragesco-Kerneis" authorityYear="1986" box="[1130,1280,1068,1092]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="platystoma">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF8170281291374FBCCFAA1FBC2" box="[1130,1280,1068,1092]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">E. platystoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations (
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the
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and Shenzhen populations,
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population, and 10 or
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Huizhou population). Regarding the habitat, the
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population was collected from brackish water, while
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B170281291310FB4DFB62FB43" author="Lian, C. &amp; X. Luo &amp; X. Fan &amp; J. Huang &amp; Y. Yu &amp; W. Bourland &amp; W. Song" box="[1038,1219,1197,1221]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="531 - 543" refId="ref5719" refString="Lian, C., X. Luo, X. Fan, J. Huang, Y. Yu, W. Bourland and W. Song. 2018. Morphological and molecular redefinition of Euplotes platystoma Dragesco &amp; Dragesco-Kerneis, 1986 and Aspidisca lynceus (Muller, 1773) Ehrenberg, 1859, with reconsideration of a &quot; well-known &quot; Euplotes ciliate, Euplotes harpa Stein, 1859 (Ciliophora, Euplotida). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 65: 531 - 543." type="journal article" year="2018">
Lian
<emphasis id="06ABEAF817028129135BFB4DFBDBFB43" box="[1093,1146,1197,1221]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
sampled two populations from freshwater and brackish water (6‰), respectively. In addition, while
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B17028129132CFB0EFCD1FAA3" author="Dragesco, J. &amp; A. Dragesco-Kerneis" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="1 - 559" refId="ref5197" refString="Dragesco, J. and A. Dragesco-Kerneis. 1986. Cilies libres de l'Afrique intertropicale. Introduction a la connaissance et a l'etude des cilies. Faune Tropicale 26: 1 - 559." type="journal article" year="1986">Dragesco and Dragesco-Kernéis (1986)</bibRefCitation>
did not include any information about the dorsal ridges in the
<typeStatus id="EB6488481702812914A9FACEFC45FAC0" box="[951,996,1326,1350]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">type</typeStatus>
population,
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B170281291372FACEFA87FAC0" author="Lian, C. &amp; X. Luo &amp; X. Fan &amp; J. Huang &amp; Y. Yu &amp; W. Bourland &amp; W. Song" box="[1132,1318,1326,1350]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="531 - 543" refId="ref5719" refString="Lian, C., X. Luo, X. Fan, J. Huang, Y. Yu, W. Bourland and W. Song. 2018. Morphological and molecular redefinition of Euplotes platystoma Dragesco &amp; Dragesco-Kerneis, 1986 and Aspidisca lynceus (Muller, 1773) Ehrenberg, 1859, with reconsideration of a &quot; well-known &quot; Euplotes ciliate, Euplotes harpa Stein, 1859 (Ciliophora, Euplotida). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 65: 531 - 543." type="journal article" year="2018">
Lian
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81702812913BAFACEFB7AFAC0" box="[1188,1243,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B170281291242FACEFC0AFAE0" author="Yan, Y. &amp; Y. Fan &amp; X. Luo &amp; H. A. El-Serehy &amp; W. Bourland &amp; X. Chen" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="20 - 39" refId="ref6909" refString="Yan, Y., Y. Fan, X. Luo, H. A. El-Serehy, W. Bourland and X. Chen. 2018. New contribution to the species-rich genus Euplotes: Morphology, ontogeny and systematic position of two species (Ciliophora; Euplotia). European Journal of Protistology 64: 20 - 39." type="journal article" year="2018">
Yan
<emphasis id="06ABEAF8170281291437FAAFFCC1FAE0" box="[809,864,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
described the ridges as indistinct or absent, respectively. Interestingly, according to
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1702812913D4FA8EFA23FA00" author="Lian, C. &amp; X. Luo &amp; X. Fan &amp; J. Huang &amp; Y. Yu &amp; W. Bourland &amp; W. Song" box="[1226,1410,1390,1414]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" pagination="531 - 543" refId="ref5719" refString="Lian, C., X. Luo, X. Fan, J. Huang, Y. Yu, W. Bourland and W. Song. 2018. Morphological and molecular redefinition of Euplotes platystoma Dragesco &amp; Dragesco-Kerneis, 1986 and Aspidisca lynceus (Muller, 1773) Ehrenberg, 1859, with reconsideration of a &quot; well-known &quot; Euplotes ciliate, Euplotes harpa Stein, 1859 (Ciliophora, Euplotida). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 65: 531 - 543." type="journal article" year="2018">
Lian
<emphasis id="06ABEAF817028129121FFA8FFA97FA00" box="[1281,1334,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
, the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences of the
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population (13 dorsal kineties, brackish water) and Shenzhen population (11 dorsal kineties, freshwater) are identical. Considering the gap between marginal and caudal cirri, it varies among populations (evenly distributed in the Huizhou population vs. a distinct gap in
<collectingRegion id="F61BF8081701812A15B7FE46FCAAFE38" box="[681,779,422,446]" country="China" name="Shanghai" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Shanghai</collectingRegion>
and Shenzhen populations) (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A16C4FE27FD30FE59" author="Lian, C. &amp; X. Luo &amp; X. Fan &amp; J. Huang &amp; Y. Yu &amp; W. Bourland &amp; W. Song" box="[474,657,454,479]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="531 - 543" refId="ref5719" refString="Lian, C., X. Luo, X. Fan, J. Huang, Y. Yu, W. Bourland and W. Song. 2018. Morphological and molecular redefinition of Euplotes platystoma Dragesco &amp; Dragesco-Kerneis, 1986 and Aspidisca lynceus (Muller, 1773) Ehrenberg, 1859, with reconsideration of a &quot; well-known &quot; Euplotes ciliate, Euplotes harpa Stein, 1859 (Ciliophora, Euplotida). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 65: 531 - 543." type="journal article" year="2018">
Lian
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A150AFE27FDEBFE58" box="[532,586,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A1582FE27FF46FE79" author="Yan, Y. &amp; Y. Fan &amp; X. Luo &amp; H. A. El-Serehy &amp; W. Bourland &amp; X. Chen" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="20 - 39" refId="ref6909" refString="Yan, Y., Y. Fan, X. Luo, H. A. El-Serehy, W. Bourland and X. Chen. 2018. New contribution to the species-rich genus Euplotes: Morphology, ontogeny and systematic position of two species (Ciliophora; Euplotia). European Journal of Protistology 64: 20 - 39." type="journal article" year="2018">
Yan
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A15D0FE27FCA5FE58" box="[718,772,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). In conclusion, when considering the features analyzed in both the original and recent redescriptions of
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691701812A15EAFDE8FE81FDB9" authorityName="Dragesco and Dragesco-Kerneis" authorityYear="1986" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="platystoma">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A15EAFDE8FE81FDB9" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">E. platystoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691701812A1648FDC8FE67FDB9" authorityName="Valbonesi and Luporini" authorityYear="1990" box="[342,454,551,575]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="focardii">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A1648FDC8FE67FDB9" box="[342,454,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">E. focardii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the main differences between these two species lie in their habitat preferences (fresh to brackish water vs. marine) and genetic markers (as depicted in the tree by
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1701812A1624FD68FE78FD26" author="Liu, W. &amp; J. Jiang &amp; Y. Tan &amp; X. Lin" box="[314,473,648,672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref5891" refString="Liu, W., J. Jiang, Y. Tan and X. Lin. 2020. Novel contributions to the taxonomy of the ciliates genus Euplotes (Ciliophora, Euplotida): Redescription of two poorly known species, with a brief note on the distributions of this genus in coastal waters of Southern China. Frontiers in Marine Science 7: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="2020">
Liu
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A167AFD69FE36FD26" box="[356,407,648,672]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">et al.</emphasis>
, 2020
</bibRefCitation>
, they are clearly distinct from each other).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="346036EA17028129178EF8B8FF6EF838" blockId="1.[144,1415,1880,1982]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF817028129178EF8B8FF6DF8EB" bold="true" box="[144,204,1880,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691702812917CCF8B8FECFF8EB" authorityName="Valbonesi and Luporini" authorityYear="1990" box="[210,366,1880,1901]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="focardii">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81702812917CCF8B8FECFF8EB" box="[210,366,1880,1901]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">Euplotes focardii</emphasis>
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in vivo (A) and after protargol (B, C) and “wet” silver nitrate impregnation (D). A- D. Ventral (A, C) and dorsal (B, D) views of two specimens showing the infraciliature and the three ventral and six dorsal ridges. E. Dorsal argyrome in double-
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D69170281291200F894FA24F80F" authorityName="Wrzesniowski" authorityYear="1870" box="[1310,1413,1908,1929]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="204" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="eurystomus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF8170281291200F894FA24F80F" box="[1310,1413,1908,1929]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="204">eurystomus</emphasis>
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pattern. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; CC; caudal cirri; DK, dorsal kineties; FVC, frontoventral cirri; MC, marginal cirri. Scale bars: 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="346036EA1701812A17B0FD29FDDDFCE7" blockId="2.[174,779,261,866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81701812A17B0FD29FEC0FD67" bold="true" box="[174,353,713,737]" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Voucher slides.</emphasis>
One slide with protargol-impregnated specimens (NNIBRPR25655) and one slide with wet silver nitrate-impregnated specimens (NNIBRPR25656) were deposited at the Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju,
<collectingCountry id="4CC8767A1701812A16AAFCAAFDD9FCE7" box="[436,632,842,866]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="205">Republic of Korea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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249
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5.
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<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1707812C1305FB7CFB74FB32" author="Agamaliev, F. G." box="[1051,1237,1180,1204]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="169 - 193" refId="ref4782" refString="Agamaliev, F. G. 1966. New species of psammobiotic ciliates of the western part of the Caspian Sea. Acta Protozoologica 4: 169 - 193." type="journal article" year="1966">Agamaliev, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="ACE42A6F1707812C13FCFB7BFA82FB35" box="[1250,1315,1179,1203]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[144,177,805,827]" captionTargetBox="[147,1414,263,773]" captionTargetId="figure-473@5.[144,1414,259,774]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Euplotes raikovi in vivo (A) and after protargol (B, C) and “wet” silver nitrate impregnation (D). A-C. Ventral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views of specimens showing the infraciliature and ventral and dorsal ridges. D. Silverline system on dorsal side of double-patella type. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DK, dorsal kineties; FVC, frontoventral cirrus; MC, marginal cirri. Scale bars: 30 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139742/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611707812C1459FB3CFC6FFAD3" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="346036EA1707812C1459FB3CFC6FFAD3" blockId="4.[839,1444,1243,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C1459FB3CFB8EFB72" bold="true" box="[839,1071,1244,1268]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="84B73CB71707812C1326FB3CFC6AFAD3" collectingDate="2020-08-19" country="South Korea" county="Jeju-si" latitude="33.496666" location="Marine" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="126.91167" municipality="Gujwa-eup" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jeju">
<location id="310060311707812C1326FB3CFB24FB72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC7687FC1707812D1459FB7CFD4DF9AA:310060311707812C1326FB3CFB24FB72" box="[1080,1157,1244,1268]" country="South Korea" county="Jeju-si" latitude="33.496666" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="126.91167" municipality="Gujwa-eup" name="Marine" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" stateProvince="Jeju">Marine</location>
water (salinity 34‰, temperature 26℃) collected from
<location id="310060311707812C139AFB1CFB75FA92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BC7687FC1707812D1459FB7CFD4DF9AA:310060311707812C139AFB1CFB75FA92" box="[1156,1236,1276,1300]" country="South Korea" county="Jeju-si" latitude="33.496666" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="126.91167" municipality="Gujwa-eup" name="Jongdal" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" stateProvince="Jeju">Jongdal</location>
harbor,
<collectingMunicipality id="D404AC901707812C1235FB1CFA01FA92" box="[1323,1440,1276,1300]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Gujwa-eup</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="DD014E661707812C1459FAFDFC2DFAB3" box="[839,908,1309,1333]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Jeju-si</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="F61BF8081707812C1488FAFDFC45FAB3" box="[918,996,1309,1333]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Jeju-do</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="4CC8767A1707812C14F3FAFDFB8DFAB2" box="[1005,1068,1309,1332]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="51EB502D1707812C1329FAFDFB15FAB2" box="[1079,1204,1307,1333]" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" precision="15" seconds="48" value="33.496666">33°29′48″N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="51EB502D1707812C13A0FAFCFAE2FAB3" box="[1214,1347,1307,1333]" degrees="126" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" precision="15" seconds="42" value="126.91167">126°54′42″E</geoCoordinate>
) on
<date id="4061102A1707812C1271FAFDFC6AFAD3" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" value="2020-08-19">
<collectingDate id="5025E9C21707812C1271FAFDFC6AFAD3" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" value="2020-08-19">August 19, 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611707812C1459FABDFB61F91E" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="346036EA1707812C1459FABDFB61F91E" blockId="4.[839,1444,1243,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C1459FABDFC61FAF3" bold="true" box="[839,960,1373,1397]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body size about 35.2-48.0 × 20.0-28.7 μm (on average 40.5 × 24.6 μm) after protargol impregnation, shape oval, 6 dorsal and 3 ventral ridges; macronucleus C-shaped with a single spherical micronucleus attached to it; 27-31 adoral membranelles; 7 frontoventral [note that the reduced, non-ciliated, frontoventral cirrus (basal plaque) is not counted], 5 transverse, 2 caudal cirri and 1 marginal cirrus; 7 or 8 dorsal kineties, of which the middle one is composed of about 9-11 dikinetids; dorsal argyrome pattern of double-
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691707812C1323F99FFB24F911" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[1085,1157,1663,1687]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="patella">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C1323F99FFB24F911" box="[1085,1157,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">patella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="EB6488481707812C1392F960FB1DF91E" box="[1164,1212,1664,1688]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611707812C1459F940FBDCF93E" box="[839,1149,1696,1720]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="346036EA1707812C1459F940FBDCF93E" blockId="4.[839,1444,1243,1978]" box="[839,1149,1696,1720]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C1459F940FC78F93E" bold="true" box="[839,985,1696,1720]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Distribution.</emphasis>
Cosmopolitan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7CC565611707812D1459F920FD4DF9AA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="346036EA1707812D1459F920FD31FAB7" blockId="4.[839,1444,1243,1978]" lastBlockId="5.[144,749,951,1491]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C1459F920FC17F95E" bold="true" box="[839,950,1728,1752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">Remarks.</emphasis>
The Korean population of
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691707812C13CEF921FA96F95E" authorityName="Agamaliev" authorityYear="1966" box="[1232,1335,1728,1752]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="raikovi">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C13CEF921FA96F95E" box="[1232,1335,1728,1752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">E. raikovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
highly resembles the
<typeStatus id="EB6488481707812C14D7F901FC57F97F" box="[969,1014,1761,1785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">type</typeStatus>
population (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1707812C1369F900FA8CF97E" author="Agamaliev, F. G." box="[1143,1325,1760,1784]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="169 - 193" refId="ref4782" refString="Agamaliev, F. G. 1966. New species of psammobiotic ciliates of the western part of the Caspian Sea. Acta Protozoologica 4: 169 - 193." type="journal article" year="1966">Agamaliev, 1966</bibRefCitation>
) except for the number of dorsal kineties (7 or 8 vs. 6 or 7). Short time after the original description,
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1707812C139BF8C1FAE5F8BF" author="Agamaliev, F. G." box="[1157,1348,1825,1849]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="359 - 402" refId="ref4812" refString="Agamaliev, F. G. 1967. Faune des cilies mesopsammiques de la cote ouest de la Mer Caspienne. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 8: 359 - 402." type="journal article" year="1967">Agamaliev (1967)</bibRefCitation>
reported a population with 8 frontoventral cirri (vs.
<quantity id="F3279B0F1707812C1210F8A2FA96F8DF" box="[1294,1335,1857,1881]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
the
<typeStatus id="EB6488481707812C1276F8A1FA38F8DF" box="[1384,1433,1857,1881]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">type</typeStatus>
), but
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1707812C146FF881FBE1F8FC" author="Jiang, J. &amp; Q. Zhang &amp; A. Warren &amp; K. A. S. Al-Rasheid &amp; W. Song" box="[881,1088,1889,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="121 - 132" refId="ref5436" refString="Jiang, J., Q. Zhang, A. Warren, K. A. S. Al-Rasheid and W. Song. 2010 a. Morphology and SSU rRNA gene-based phylogeny of two marine Euplotes species, E. orientalis spec. nov. and E. raikovi Agamaliev, 1966 (Ciliophora, Euplotida). European Journal of Protistology 46: 121 - 132." type="journal article" year="2010">
Jiang
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C14ACF882FC48F8FF" box="[946,1001,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">et al.</emphasis>
(2010a)
</bibRefCitation>
considered it as a different form because the basal plaque is very stable among populations (
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1707812C1450F842FB22F83C" author="Washburn, E. S. &amp; A. C. Borror" box="[846,1155,1954,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="604 - 608" refId="ref6741" refString="Washburn, E. S. and A. C. Borror. 1972. Euplotes raikovi Agamaliev, 1966 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichida) from New Hampshire: Description and morphogenesis. The Journal of Protozoology 19: 604 - 608." type="journal article" year="1972">Washburn and Borror, 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1707812C138EF842FAFFF83C" author="Miceli, C. &amp; P. Luporini &amp; P. Bracchi" box="[1168,1374,1954,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="215 - 224" refId="ref6085" refString="Miceli, C., P. Luporini and P. Bracchi. 1981. Morphological description, breeding system, and nuclear changes during conjugation of Euplotes raikovi Agamaliev from Mediterranean Sea. Acta Protozoologica 20: 215 - 224." type="journal article" year="1981">
Miceli
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81707812C13C0F843FAB7F83C" box="[1246,1302,1954,1978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="207">et al.</emphasis>
, 1981
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1707812D1275F842FEBBFC49" author="Jiang, J. &amp; Q. Zhang &amp; A. Warren &amp; K. A. S. Al-Rasheid &amp; W. Song" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="4" pageNumber="207" pagination="121 - 132" refId="ref5436" refString="Jiang, J., Q. Zhang, A. Warren, K. A. S. Al-Rasheid and W. Song. 2010 a. Morphology and SSU rRNA gene-based phylogeny of two marine Euplotes species, E. orientalis spec. nov. and E. raikovi Agamaliev, 1966 (Ciliophora, Euplotida). European Journal of Protistology 46: 121 - 132." type="journal article" year="2010">
Jiang
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D178EFC57FF66FC49" box="[144,199,951,975]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010a
</bibRefCitation>
). Additionally,
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1706812D16A0FC57FD2DFC49" author="Jiang, J. &amp; Q. Zhang &amp; A. Warren &amp; K. A. S. Al-Rasheid &amp; W. Song" box="[446,652,951,975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" pagination="121 - 132" refId="ref5436" refString="Jiang, J., Q. Zhang, A. Warren, K. A. S. Al-Rasheid and W. Song. 2010 a. Morphology and SSU rRNA gene-based phylogeny of two marine Euplotes species, E. orientalis spec. nov. and E. raikovi Agamaliev, 1966 (Ciliophora, Euplotida). European Journal of Protistology 46: 121 - 132." type="journal article" year="2010">
Jiang
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D16E0FC57FD94FC49" box="[510,565,951,975]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">et al.</emphasis>
(2010a)
</bibRefCitation>
reported 8 kineties. Considering the basal plaque and saline habitat,
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691706812D178EFC18FF54FB89" authorityName="Agamaliev" authorityYear="1966" box="[144,245,1015,1039]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="raikovi">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D178EFC18FF54FB89" box="[144,245,1015,1039]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">E. raikovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691706812D1665FC18FDC2FB89" authority="Kahl, 1932" authorityName="Kahl" authorityYear="1932" box="[379,611,1015,1039]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D1665FC18FE46FB89" box="[379,487,1015,1039]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">E. elegans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1706812D16F3FC17FDC2FB89" author="Kahl, A." box="[493,611,1015,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" pagination="399 - 650" refId="ref5648" refString="Kahl, A. 1932. Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria) 3. Spirotricha. Tierwelt Deutschlands. 35: 399 - 650." type="journal article" year="1932">Kahl, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691706812D1573FC18FEEEFBB6" authority="Jiang et al., 2010 a" authorityName="Jiang" authorityYear="2010" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D1573FC18FD4DFB89" box="[621,748,1015,1039]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">E. orientalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1706812D178EFBF8FEEEFBB6" author="Jiang, J. &amp; Q. Zhang &amp; A. Warren &amp; K. A. S. Al-Rasheid &amp; W. Song" box="[144,335,1047,1072]" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" pagination="121 - 132" refId="ref5436" refString="Jiang, J., Q. Zhang, A. Warren, K. A. S. Al-Rasheid and W. Song. 2010 a. Morphology and SSU rRNA gene-based phylogeny of two marine Euplotes species, E. orientalis spec. nov. and E. raikovi Agamaliev, 1966 (Ciliophora, Euplotida). European Journal of Protistology 46: 121 - 132." type="journal article" year="2010">
Jiang
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D17D3FBF8FEA0FBA9" box="[205,257,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010a
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691706812D1647FBF8FD1CFBA9" authority="Alekperov, 2005" authorityName="Alekperov" authorityYear="2005" box="[345,701,1047,1072]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="pseudoraikovi">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D1647FBF8FDA8FBA9" box="[345,521,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">E. pseudoraikovi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1706812D1513FBF8FD1CFBA9" author="Alekperov, I. K." box="[525,701,1047,1072]" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" refId="ref4843" refString="Alekperov, I. K. 2005. An atlas of the free living ciliates (classes Kinetofragminophora, Colpodea, Oligohymenophora, Polyhymenophora). Borchali Publishing House." type="book" year="2005">Alekperov, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691706812D178EFBD8FE63FBD6" authority="Agamaliev, 1967" authorityName="Agamaliev" authorityYear="1967" box="[144,450,1080,1104]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="strelkovi">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D178EFBD8FEA7FBD6" box="[144,262,1080,1104]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">E. strelkovi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="504E4B1B1706812D1612FBD8FE63FBD6" author="Agamaliev, F. G." box="[268,450,1080,1104]" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" pagination="359 - 402" refId="ref4812" refString="Agamaliev, F. G. 1967. Faune des cilies mesopsammiques de la cote ouest de la Mer Caspienne. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 8: 359 - 402." type="journal article" year="1967">Agamaliev, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Originally,
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691706812D155DFBD8FD0AFBD6" authorityName="Agamaliev" authorityYear="1966" box="[579,683,1080,1104]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="raikovi">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D155DFBD8FD0AFBD6" box="[579,683,1080,1104]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">E. raikovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had 8 frontoventral cirri, one of which disappeared and remained as a trace, leaving 7 frontoventral cirri. Only two species within the genus
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691706812D1621FB78FE38FB36" box="[319,409,1176,1200]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D1621FB78FE38FB36" box="[319,409,1176,1200]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">Euplotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have 7 frontoventral cirri, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691706812D15C8FB79FF7BFB57" authorityName="Agamaliev" authorityYear="1966" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="raikovi">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D15C8FB79FF7BFB57" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">E. raikovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691706812D1610FB5AFE33FB77" authority="(Fernandez-Leborans and Castro de Zaldumbide, 1986)" baseAuthorityName="Fernandez-Leborans and Castro de Zaldumbide" baseAuthorityYear="1986" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="oropensis">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D1610FB5AFE30FB56" box="[270,401,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">E. oropensis</emphasis>
(Fernández-Leboráns and Castro de Zaldumbide, 1986)
</taxonomicName>
, however, they can be distinguished by the dorsal argyrome pattern, double-
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691706812D1596FB19FD71FA97" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1838" baseAuthorityName="Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[648,720,1273,1297]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="patella">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D1596FB19FD71FA97" box="[648,720,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">patella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691706812D178EFAFAFF57FAB4" authorityName="Agamaliev" authorityYear="1966" box="[144,246,1306,1330]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="raikovi">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D178EFAFAFF57FAB4" box="[144,246,1306,1330]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">E. raikovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. double-
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691706812D166EFAFAFE46FAB7" authorityName="Wrzesniowski" authorityYear="1870" box="[368,487,1306,1329]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="eurystomus">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D166EFAFAFE46FAB7" box="[368,487,1306,1329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">eurystomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691706812D1516FAFAFD28FAB7" baseAuthorityName="Fernandez-Leborans and Castro de Zaldumbide" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[520,649,1306,1329]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="oropensis">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D1516FAFAFD28FAB7" box="[520,649,1306,1329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">E. oropensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="60A066621706812D178EFCC5FB4DFCF6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13139742" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13139742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13139742/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" startId="5.[144,177,805,827]" targetBox="[147,1414,263,773]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="346036EA1706812D178EFCC5FB4DFCF6" blockId="5.[144,1415,805,881]" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D178EFCC5FF6DFCBD" bold="true" box="[144,204,805,827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F3DF4D691706812D17CCFCC5FEC9FCBC" authorityName="Agamaliev" authorityYear="1966" box="[210,360,805,826]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Euplotidae" genus="Euplotes" kingdom="Chromista" order="Euplotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="208" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="raikovi">
<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D17CCFCC5FEC9FCBC" box="[210,360,805,826]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">Euplotes raikovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in vivo (A) and after protargol (B, C) and “wet” silver nitrate impregnation (D). A- C. Ventral (A, B) and dorsal (C) views of specimens showing the infraciliature and ventral and dorsal ridges. D. Silverline system on dorsal side of double-
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<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D120FFCA0FAF1FCD3" box="[1297,1360,832,853]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">patella</emphasis>
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type. AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DK, dorsal kineties; FVC, frontoventral cirrus; MC, marginal cirri. Scale bars: 30 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="06ABEAF81706812D178EFADAFEE2FAD4" bold="true" box="[144,323,1338,1362]" pageId="5" pageNumber="208">Voucher slides.</emphasis>
One slide with protargol-impregnated specimens (NNIBRPR25663) and one slide with wet silver nitrate-impregnated specimens (NNIBRPR25664) were deposited at the Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources.
</paragraph>
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A
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