Add updates up until 2024-11-30 19:16:19
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<mods:title>New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="18883847CDEF1D761618B3808215F754">New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Webster, Reginald P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C0300FC8B06390352C4E2549084D78E6">Webster, Reginald P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Makepeace, Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7D9686550EE6BEF65045223E818DD6CC">Makepeace, Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>DeMerchant, Ian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A562499894F45B20FEB04504F6A17296">DeMerchant, Ian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Sweeney, Jon D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7ED05D7CC7C7985AD9E388F19563DA9B">Sweeney, Jon D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number>179</mods:number>
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<mods:date id="BF849F8E31065D6A085CB6CB41B69AF2">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152042940" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D43184945D91378A09B86A45080F517F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D43184945D91378A09B86A45080F517F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Gnathoncus_barbatus" authority="Bousquet & Laplante, 1999" authorityName="Bousquet & Laplante" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Gnathoncus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathoncus barbatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbatus">Gnathoncus barbatus Bousquet & Laplante, 1999</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<treatment id="D43184945D91378A09B86A45080F517F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152042940" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D43184945D91378A09B86A45080F517F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D43184945D91378A09B86A45080F517F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" scope_family="Histeridae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Saprininae">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="352041026291007C7D3AE067BB7294CB" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8479CE5F5637BE9AFC75A59DD2C64A9C" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="97FE698BC1F8FD14EA0FC96006C1D68A" ID-CoL="3GLRK" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Gnathoncus_barbatus" authority="Bousquet & Laplante, 1999" authorityName="Bousquet & Laplante" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Gnathoncus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathoncus barbatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbatus">Gnathoncus barbatus Bousquet & Laplante, 1999</taxonomicName>
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||||
Map 3
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="63C7A3CF2285931FB0A626D4253E4D98" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="35D4F6D37F9F2A8D9893A0D097E271E2" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5F4A2A2B9946BA4FB72B930E4C857DF4" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
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||||
New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Benton,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.9961">45.9961°N</geoCoordinate>
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||||
<geoCoordinate id="2761AEA94602854BDDF470651A05E53D" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.9961">45.9961°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
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||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-67.5864">67.5864°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="0A7B45FA0E5EC3007054492995F1CA9C" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-67.5864">67.5864°W</geoCoordinate>
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||||
, 24.V.2007, Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest in natural tree cavity (1, RWC). Queens Co., Pleasant Villa,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.7023">45.7023°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="66A4A23F2E9C47BF556EB1D2572FDE3D" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.7023">45.7023°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.1732">66.1732°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="CC28193826FCF09D95B7C0B6FF6D8955" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.1732">66.1732°W</geoCoordinate>
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||||
, 15.VI.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest in natural tree cavity (4, RWC, NBM); McAlpines near Upper Hampstead Rd.,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.725">45.7250°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="01011F979781D480907597B11033593C" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.725">45.7250°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.12">66.1200°W</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="663DAB0AD8102AF60DFD2F97E3893C4D" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.12">66.1200°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 3.VI.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest in natural tree cavity (4, RWC, NBM); Rees, near Grand Lake,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="46.0016">46.0016°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="B84F6A5826D2D65E9760283D4D47F899" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="46.0016">46.0016°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-65.9466">65.9466°W</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="CF5B809661BB0E6B5890EA117A1DF971" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-65.9466">65.9466°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 29.V.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in nest contents of barred owl in an artificial nest box (8, NBM). Sunbury Co., Noonan,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.9923">45.9923°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="4473B0678053E7F111F6A650E151D0C5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.9923">45.9923°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.4099">66.4099°W</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="20C7245D42A8B711DE7D02C65E2F0952" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.4099">66.4099°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2.VI.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl from tree hole 7 m high in red maple, damp organic material with small bones (1, NBM);Acadia Research Forest,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.9866">45.9866°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="FBC9415FCA7888B0D3167E27C62D26A5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.9866">45.9866°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.3841">66.3841°W</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="2D4D30341394304ABCA2D9F890C5EFFA" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.3841">66.3841°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2-9.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Giguère">Giguere</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="AD80F27F89525B85D2000203F4313A0D" originalValue="Giguère">Giguere</normalizedToken>
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, mature (100 year-old) red spruce forest with scattered red maple and balsam fir, Lindgren funnel trap (1, AFC). Westmorland Co., Sackville near Ogden Mill,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.9216">45.9216°N</geoCoordinate>
|
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<geoCoordinate id="F88E0B0F806BA7108164171465FE62E4" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.9216">45.9216°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-64.3893">64.3893°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="D533DC40EFD9B962EAD3D1BCA8AEEACE" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-64.3893">64.3893°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 12.V.2006, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in great horned owl nest (2, RWC, NBM). York Co., Charters Settlement,
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||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.8428">45.8428°N</geoCoordinate>
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||||
<geoCoordinate id="3B48DAEF111A3F99DCF00A3E516FBA52" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.8428">45.8428°N</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
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||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.7278">66.7278°W</geoCoordinate>
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||||
<geoCoordinate id="971E92EEEAFA5F254006A735AF476361" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.7278">66.7278°W</geoCoordinate>
|
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, in decayed mushrooms, 16.IX.2004, R. P. Webster (1, RWC); Keswick Ridge,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="46.004">46.0040°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="4A33E4A0CB3B910221E23E56E3030B3D" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="46.004">46.0040°N</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
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||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.8776">66.8776°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="DDFA09EF13286A7CD37EF0D32A4AD750" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.8776">66.8776°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 23.V.2006, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest in natural tree cavity (2, RWC, NBM); Pokiok Settlement (String Bog),
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.9101">45.9101°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="CDA90D61965F654B082268554F5F6FC9" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.9101">45.9101°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-67.1235">67.1235°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="8BEB603080D024053AF54187D298B51D" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-67.1235">67.1235°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 26.VI.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest in natural tree cavity (1, RWC); Marysville,
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||||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.975">45.9750°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="A98F7C8AF8F2EFDAE0057134A28F054E" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="45.975">45.9750°N</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.57">66.5700°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="422EC0D4F3266CB125C370FE77FFAE0B" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-66.57">66.5700°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 22.VI.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest, with dry organic material and remains of squirrel, birds, and insect parts (4, RWC, NBM).
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
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<caption id="891CBF11AF19D21A0F2685D34C4A30D9" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D9AB9254A6B2ED1018B64669924AE53D" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
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Map 3. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Gnathoncus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathoncus barbatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbatus">Gnathoncus barbatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="246E581B391126FC0B7A710D09FE342B" class="Insecta" family="Histeridae" genus="Gnathoncus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gnathoncus barbatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barbatus">Gnathoncus barbatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
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</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="collection and habitat data">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Collection and habitat data.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E7EDCE574DE97B5605847ED0F215470D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="collection and habitat data">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9774E2FCBEFB80E897287F1A8186A66E" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Collection and habitat data.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="68A6050BA3F4371F0C6EB91452E9B452" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
Little information was previously known about the habitat and biology of this species.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="NRC Research Press, Ottawa" pageId="10" pageNumber="21" title="Coleoptera Histeridae: The Insects and Arachnids of Canada, part 24." year="2006">Bousquet and Laplante (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="FA14F9A2928504AD39F6BFA69682AE63" author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="NRC Research Press, Ottawa" pageId="10" pageNumber="21" title="Coleoptera Histeridae: The Insects and Arachnids of Canada, part 24." year="2006">Bousquet and Laplante (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
reported one specimen from porcupine (
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Erethizon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erethizon dorsatum" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsatum">Erethizon dorsatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F7B4622647A3E4809259C5102002D4F2" class="Mammalia" family="Erethizontidae" genus="Erethizon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erethizon dorsatum" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorsatum">Erethizon dorsatum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(L.)) dung piled in a cavity at the base of an old sugar maple (
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer saccharum" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saccharum">Acer saccharum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="225F60856F03FE0F88F53B0EA4FB93CD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acer saccharum" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saccharum">Acer saccharum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Marsh.). Most specimens from New Brunswick were collected from nest material of barred owl nests (most with chicks) in natural cavities in trees or in artificial nest boxes. Others were collected from a great horned owl
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="14" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Bubo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubo virginianus" order="Strigiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virginianus">Bubo virginianus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="5F3406837DCC25F3872F0C93C10AC9E5" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B3FB7D25D57303E1F92EFE1B94B28CCE" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Bubo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bubo virginianus" order="Strigiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="virginianus">Bubo virginianus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gmelin) nest, decaying mushrooms, and a Lindgren funnel trap. This species is probably associated with birds and possibly mammals that nest in tree cavities. The nest contents of the barred owls and great horned owl contained decaying animal remains, and often many
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Diptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diptera" order="Saxifragales" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="556F1124A3D7DAEC3704019113EB050D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Saxifragaceae" genus="Diptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diptera" order="Saxifragales" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diptera</taxonomicName>
|
||||
larvae were present on which the predaceous histerid adults and larvae were probably feeding. Adults were collected during May, June, and September.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Distribution in Canada and Alaska.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2C8B9181358931214F4C8ABF5969403E" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="77BFAD24AF48D376F84231639392160F" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Distribution in Canada and Alaska.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6D1E3C9163B9F30D2C452DC9602C7D08" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
BC, AB, ON, QC, NB, NS (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="NRC Research Press, Ottawa" pageId="10" pageNumber="21" title="Coleoptera Histeridae: The Insects and Arachnids of Canada, part 24." year="2006">Bousquet and Laplante 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="027EA4B73A4758CA36D67D01ABBBEC31" author="Bousquet, Y" journalOrPublisher="NRC Research Press, Ottawa" pageId="10" pageNumber="21" title="Coleoptera Histeridae: The Insects and Arachnids of Canada, part 24." year="2006">Bousquet and Laplante 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,122 +1,122 @@
|
|||
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031625" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D4F093DA544AF2AE61B739D947B0898D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D4F093DA544AF2AE61B739D947B0898D" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
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|
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|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Biston_pustulata" authority="Warren, 1896" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston pustulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pustulata">Biston pustulata (Warren, 1896)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="16" pageNumber="61">New to the fauna of China</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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|
||||
<subSubSection id="A51A36E6DB5268A5924073DD43FBB467" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F0D946AB26029EDE8F2BBB1FFEF66A3F" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C82621D7EC854424E4C6C98CB27C778B" ID-CoL="963SG" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Biston_pustulata" authority="Warren, 1896" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston pustulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pustulata">Biston pustulata (Warren, 1896)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="31F88CA9062A30620DE1E9C04E54F6FA" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">New to the fauna of China</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
Figs 31, 3279106
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Buzura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Buzura pustulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pustulata">Buzura pustulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Warren, W" journalOrPublisher="Novitates Zoologicae" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="335 - 419" title="New species of Drepanulidae, Thyrididae, Uraniidae, Epiplemidae, and Geometridae in the Tring Museum." volume="3" year="1896">Warren, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E0F4CBAA45F6AD2D7E82E2B41276BD5F" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="381A755343B0B8D5AC6DC081238047D2" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F3B341589BE1EB5BFF8DC8F9BE40472D" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Buzura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Buzura pustulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pustulata">Buzura pustulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="178DA0EFFDA923C896BED387DD01B9AA" author="Warren, W" journalOrPublisher="Novitates Zoologicae" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="335 - 419" title="New species of Drepanulidae, Thyrididae, Uraniidae, Epiplemidae, and Geometridae in the Tring Museum." volume="3" year="1896">Warren, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, Novit. zool., 3: 401. Holotype ♂, Peninsular Malaysia: Perak. (BMNH)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston pustulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pustulata">Biston pustulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="71EEE0E52975200D9992C6B5D8BCEACB" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FD7445D349EC1C3ED397BE44F6F89129" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston pustulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pustulata">Biston pustulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Holloway, JD" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 309" title="The Moths of Borneo: Family Geometridae, Subfamily Ennominae." volume="47" year="1994">Holloway, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="C6F5CF589C0CF625DE0826D679692703" author="Holloway, JD" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 309" title="The Moths of Borneo: Family Geometridae, Subfamily Ennominae." volume="47" year="1994">Holloway, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, Malay. Nat. J.,47: 210, pl. 12, fig. 452.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Head. Male antennae about two-fifths length of forewing, bipectinate in basal two-thirds, filiform in terminal one-third, rami long, length of longest ramus about three and half times diameter of antennal shaft. Frons not protruding, smoothscaled, with basal half pale yellow, upper half black. Labial palpus black, small, pale yellow apically, not extending beyond frons. Vertex pale yellow.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Thorax. Dorsum white-dotted with black scales. Patagia and tegulae white, mottled with black scales, yellow apically. Posterior margin of metanotum with two pairs of pale yellow spots. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs in male, slightly dilated, without hair-pencil. Forewing length: male 29 mm. Forewing outer margin straight, hindwing round. Wings greyish white, dotted with pale grey scales. Pattern of forewing: antemedial line black, slightly waved, distinct, accompanied by a pale yellow band basally; medial line pale yellow, indistinct; postmedial line black, distinct, bilobedly protruding outwards between M1 and M3, then incurved, protruding outwards between CuA2 and 1A + 2A; a pale yellow band distally of postmedial line; black patches present between M1 and CuA1 distally of postmedial line and reaching outer margin between M1 and M3; submarginal line white, dentate; terminal line a series of short black strips between veins; fringe yellow mixed with black; discal spot present as grey dot. Hindwing with basal line black; medial line pale yellow, indistinct; postmedial line black, acutely protruding outwards between M1 and M3; a pale yellow band distally of postmedial line, scattered with black scales; submarginal line and fringe similar to those of forewing; terminal line less distinct than that of forewing; discal spot smaller. Underside pale yellow, transverse lines dark grey, similar to those of upper side, discal spots black, more distinct than those of upper side.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Abdomen. Dorsum greyish white, dotted with black scales, anal tuft pale yellow. Setal patch absent on third sternite of male abdomen.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Male genitalia. Uncus with bifurcate apex, about two-thirds length of basal width. Gnathos with median process slender, pointed terminally, equal to length of uncus. Valva compressed, about twice as long as basal width; costa sclerotized, straight, bearing long setae from center to apex. Saccus semicircular. Juxta long and broad, terminal half triangular, with pointed apex. Coremata not developed. Aedeagus cylindrical, striated posteriorly; vesica scobinate, without cornuti.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3C448F779B7B92215CF05C310437DAB2" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="08FCC2FA280F7E6014CF97107000B3E4" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E62C17F259881165DD9D378B5C8CCAB8" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Head. Male antennae about two-fifths length of forewing, bipectinate in basal two-thirds, filiform in terminal one-third, rami long, length of longest ramus about three and half times diameter of antennal shaft. Frons not protruding, smoothscaled, with basal half pale yellow, upper half black. Labial palpus black, small, pale yellow apically, not extending beyond frons. Vertex pale yellow.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0207CF4AF67D80EBB859B9161938AD9F" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Thorax. Dorsum white-dotted with black scales. Patagia and tegulae white, mottled with black scales, yellow apically. Posterior margin of metanotum with two pairs of pale yellow spots. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs in male, slightly dilated, without hair-pencil. Forewing length: male 29 mm. Forewing outer margin straight, hindwing round. Wings greyish white, dotted with pale grey scales. Pattern of forewing: antemedial line black, slightly waved, distinct, accompanied by a pale yellow band basally; medial line pale yellow, indistinct; postmedial line black, distinct, bilobedly protruding outwards between M1 and M3, then incurved, protruding outwards between CuA2 and 1A + 2A; a pale yellow band distally of postmedial line; black patches present between M1 and CuA1 distally of postmedial line and reaching outer margin between M1 and M3; submarginal line white, dentate; terminal line a series of short black strips between veins; fringe yellow mixed with black; discal spot present as grey dot. Hindwing with basal line black; medial line pale yellow, indistinct; postmedial line black, acutely protruding outwards between M1 and M3; a pale yellow band distally of postmedial line, scattered with black scales; submarginal line and fringe similar to those of forewing; terminal line less distinct than that of forewing; discal spot smaller. Underside pale yellow, transverse lines dark grey, similar to those of upper side, discal spots black, more distinct than those of upper side.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E47FA66CC381AE188BF9DD0CB80D531E" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Abdomen. Dorsum greyish white, dotted with black scales, anal tuft pale yellow. Setal patch absent on third sternite of male abdomen.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F5D5B5FB1F76A4014ED7D8D66095345E" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Male genitalia. Uncus with bifurcate apex, about two-thirds length of basal width. Gnathos with median process slender, pointed terminally, equal to length of uncus. Valva compressed, about twice as long as basal width; costa sclerotized, straight, bearing long setae from center to apex. Saccus semicircular. Juxta long and broad, terminal half triangular, with pointed apex. Coremata not developed. Aedeagus cylindrical, striated posteriorly; vesica scobinate, without cornuti.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="0C1FB2A1A21A0585A19194A2375E6D8E" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="A4C53CEEB1C5E780205D47AF6F310120" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="AEE92D544559D448EFCDFF2D59009AD4" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
This species is similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston suppressaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suppressaria">Biston suppressaria</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0BC90929476BF5894A0FDCAF87866F95" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston suppressaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suppressaria">Biston suppressaria</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(see below).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Material examineds.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="61">CHINA, Hainan (IZCAS): Ledong, Jianfengling, Tianchi, 808 m, 18.V.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 1♂.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2A180DCD4F9BA16C119919375B981735" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="material examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="61467ED4A726C816AE4E19CC8E347CF2" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Material examineds.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F1B92452CDA3FE7FBA1222AE8D3743D0" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">CHINA, Hainan (IZCAS): Ledong, Jianfengling, Tianchi, 808 m, 18.V.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 1♂.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="61">China (Hainan); S. Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sundaland.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CF052631F2FF239541DC761ABFD23BD0" pageId="16" pageNumber="61" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="990CB1A01BA1DCB6A02EEB9F07AAC4EF" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="691B1597E3D06682360C4D0B13B33D05" pageId="16" pageNumber="61">China (Hainan); S. Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sundaland.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="62" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="57F34367173E76FC876505EE59BDD56A" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E1D1E06C91D22E017FE8F2A7CBB26D7E" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="8D5B55C21EA25113E55C5C139D8C4EF9" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" start="start">Remarks</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7A918B1F4A224F783C5C6CC3B0FCE917" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="17" pageNumber="62">
|
||||
The Hainan specimen is different from specimens of Bornean material in the distinct transverse lines and the more acute projection between M1 and M3 of the hindwing postmedial line. However, the male genitalia of the Hainan specimen are almost indentical to those of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston pustulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pustulata">Biston pustulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="BEA539B35C85CBADA491ACD17BC7E792" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston pustulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pustulata">Biston pustulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from Borneo which were illustrated by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Holloway, JD" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 309" title="The Moths of Borneo: Family Geometridae, Subfamily Ennominae." volume="47" year="1994">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="63" start="start">Holloway</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="B1CF0423F152A72B716051407DD74277" author="Holloway, JD" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 309" title="The Moths of Borneo: Family Geometridae, Subfamily Ennominae." volume="47" year="1994">
|
||||
<pageBreakToken id="9411C099E132CD8484036BF39BFF23C6" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" start="start">Holloway</pageBreakToken>
|
||||
(1994)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Thus we classify the Hainan specimen as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston pustulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pustulata">Biston pustulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2DF1A1E472EC3BD1AC23493FF471BFEC" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston pustulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pustulata">Biston pustulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. If these differences prove constant in a larger number of specimens, the Hainan population should be described as a separate subspecies.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption pageId="18" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
<caption id="52282CAF0896017493DA880201EF7E13" pageId="18" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
<paragraph id="653E25CABE003732FC33B96022A60D3F" pageId="18" pageNumber="63">
|
||||
Figures 31-42. Adults of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Biston</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5025E685AD4729994F159503D7C84346" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Biston</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. 31-32
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston pustulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pustulata">Biston pustulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="82C0C429CEAB33C2CBAA0EFC52CDE294" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston pustulata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pustulata">Biston pustulata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. 31 male 32 ditto, underside. 33-40
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston suppressaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suppressaria">Biston suppressaria</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EB607776A88E0764D233DC2F2577A3CF" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston suppressaria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suppressaria">Biston suppressaria</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. 33 male (holotype of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston suppressaria subsp. benesparsa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="suppressaria" subSpecies="benesparsa">Biston suppressaria benesparsa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0836B14344A75F381455325B297F2040" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston suppressaria subsp. benesparsa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="suppressaria" subSpecies="benesparsa">Biston suppressaria benesparsa</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) 34 ditto, underside 35 male (Cili, Hunan) 36 ditto, underside 37 male (Diaoluoshan, Hainan) 38 male (Bawangling, Hainan) 39 female 40 ditto, underside; 41-42
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston regalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regalis">Biston regalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="77B849271F7358B7AEDAD0AEF4F57A1F" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston regalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regalis">Biston regalis</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. 41 male 42 female. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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