From 3368d7a3ce438efefe670c2be136a4b925ca215c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ggserver Date: Sat, 30 Nov 2024 19:22:25 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Add updates up until 2024-11-30 19:16:19 --- .../BA/0084BAA2159CACB5515C471935D2C956.xml | 132 ++-- .../7D/0A217D7ECC97CB7CF5DBFB4185C64635.xml | 116 ++-- .../45/0E0C456BA0BBAA6D9BB0F3EBE1E14BB0.xml | 132 ++-- .../1A/0FCC1ACB1630AC6D3CA3E736990C4196.xml | 164 ++--- .../1E/1EC81ED26AE3F58C9A42B50925E6B4F6.xml | 138 ++-- .../4F/29424FC00A7A882483BE207EE165252E.xml | 120 ++-- .../FA/3367FA77844544859E8582149343908D.xml | 138 ++-- .../A2/3EF3A28C39BF725DF6B311EAF964A27A.xml | 218 +++---- .../BF/4092BFC4DC41EC413704B9A4699AA682.xml | 118 ++-- .../98/4A0F98233D0D5F2AFCE3E9B3ED6DB724.xml | 364 +++++------ .../E5/6E91E585348E192C5BF601CE1B9265CD.xml | 142 ++-- .../F6/7C3DF63F78199B68387A5B9D14854B00.xml | 118 ++-- .../E9/7E42E9835438B14DC5AB1BFCECD51249.xml | 138 ++-- .../24/852524050750B98920AB11FFFB18BC42.xml | 608 +++++++++--------- .../24/9997242E9DBE677EB988B9D00436C52F.xml | 112 ++-- .../74/9D0D747379E0C77081BD33BE19C0B961.xml | 142 ++-- .../B1/9D3FB11519BA69DA1134CB3BA3C2FB5A.xml | 120 ++-- .../51/9DF451CC2EDC51F4CAE54BCBD57DDFB7.xml | 138 ++-- .../21/A688215605D51FE5BDCF7BE256DE52ED.xml | 238 +++---- .../B3/ACFBB33E06CDF22771DF9DF17062DFA6.xml | 236 +++---- .../6F/AFDE6FE08189FE4A8A035CD872C54B57.xml | 128 ++-- .../3B/B47B3BAF581D6F47C3505259282C5378.xml | 224 +++---- .../2D/B4F82D829B30D692B9C7A7EB4A458C8D.xml | 152 ++--- .../85/C55A85E7F4811D5F51C3836B882CD895.xml | 130 ++-- .../96/CB5D96183F1FC19A83F7D99B1CF11683.xml | 152 ++--- .../84/D43184945D91378A09B86A45080F517F.xml | 164 ++--- .../93/D4F093DA544AF2AE61B739D947B0898D.xml | 150 ++--- .../B3/DB6EB3D4D9F601EE384B39DD6E3C40A9.xml | 120 ++-- 28 files changed, 2426 insertions(+), 2426 deletions(-) diff --git a/data/00/84/BA/0084BAA2159CACB5515C471935D2C956.xml b/data/00/84/BA/0084BAA2159CACB5515C471935D2C956.xml index 00e9d9a3722..86724d49a61 100644 --- a/data/00/84/BA/0084BAA2159CACB5515C471935D2C956.xml +++ b/data/00/84/BA/0084BAA2159CACB5515C471935D2C956.xml @@ -1,112 +1,112 @@ - - - -New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae + + + +New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae - - -Author + + +Author -Webster, Reginald P. +Webster, Reginald P. - - -Author + + +Author -Makepeace, Scott +Makepeace, Scott - - -Author + + +Author -DeMerchant, Ian +DeMerchant, Ian - - -Author + + +Author -Sweeney, Jon D. +Sweeney, Jon D. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2012 - -179 + +2012 + +179 - -11 -26 + +11 +26 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -1313-2970-179-11 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 +1313-2970-179-11 - - - -Margarinotus merdarius (Hoffman, 1803) + + + +Margarinotus merdarius (Hoffman, 1803) Map 17 - -Material examined. - + +Material examined. + New Brunswick, Kings Co., ca. 2 km WSW of Browns Flat, -45.4667°N +45.4667°N , -66.1668°W +66.1668°W , 8.VII.2009, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest box, moist organic debris and sawdust with owl pellets, small bones, feathers, with urine smell (1, RWC). Queens Co., Central Hampstead, -45.6575°N +45.6575°N , -66.1412°W +66.1412°W , 13.VII.2006, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, hardwood ridge, in barred owl nest in tree hole (1, RWC); Elm Hill, -45.7140°N +45.7140°N , -66.1315°W +66.1315°W , 27.VI.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest in tree hole in red oak, damp (urine smell) organic material with feathers, fur and small bones (1, RWC); Cumberland Bay, -46.0000°N +46.0000°N , -65.9333°W +65.9333°W , 28.VI.2009, Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest, moist leaves and debris with owl pellets, small bones, with urine smell (1, RWC); ca. 1.5 km NW of McAlpines, -45.7333°N +45.7333°N , -66.1333°W +66.1333°W , 8.VII.2009, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest box, moist organic debris and sawdust with owl pellets, small bones, feathers, with urine smell (2, RWC). York Co., Marysville, -45.9750°N +45.9750°N , -66.5700°W +66.5700°W , 22.VI.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, nest box contents of barred owl, with dry organic material and remains of squirrel, birds, and insect parts (1, NBM). - - + + Map 17. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of -Margarinotus merdarius +Margarinotus merdarius . - -Collection and habitat data. - + +Collection and habitat data. + In Europe, this species occurs in dung, fungi, compost, and decaying vegetables and in bird nests and henhouses ( -Vienna 1980 +Vienna 1980 ). All specimens of this adventive species from New Brunswick were collected from nest material from barred owl nests (most with chicks) in natural cavities in trees or in artificial nest boxes. Adults were captured during June and July. - -Distribution in Canada and Alaska. - + +Distribution in Canada and Alaska. + BC, AB, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). diff --git a/data/0A/21/7D/0A217D7ECC97CB7CF5DBFB4185C64635.xml b/data/0A/21/7D/0A217D7ECC97CB7CF5DBFB4185C64635.xml index 57cbd2941b3..09c92143adc 100644 --- a/data/0A/21/7D/0A217D7ECC97CB7CF5DBFB4185C64635.xml +++ b/data/0A/21/7D/0A217D7ECC97CB7CF5DBFB4185C64635.xml @@ -1,96 +1,96 @@ - - - -New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae + + + +New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae - - -Author + + +Author -Webster, Reginald P. +Webster, Reginald P. - - -Author + + +Author -Makepeace, Scott +Makepeace, Scott - - -Author + + +Author -DeMerchant, Ian +DeMerchant, Ian - - -Author + + +Author -Sweeney, Jon D. +Sweeney, Jon D. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2012 - -179 + +2012 + +179 - -11 -26 + +11 +26 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -1313-2970-179-11 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 +1313-2970-179-11 - - - -Margarinotus stygicus (J. E. LeConte, 1845) + + + +Margarinotus stygicus (J. E. LeConte, 1845) Map 18 - -Material examined. - + +Material examined. + New Brunswick, York Co., Charters Settlement, -45.8395°N +45.8395°N , -66.7391°W +66.7391°W , 19.VI.2004, R. P. Webster, pitfall trap baited with dog dung (1, RWC). - - + + Map 18. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of -Margarinotus stygicus +Margarinotus stygicus . - -Collection and habitat data. - + +Collection and habitat data. + Relatively little is known about the habitat requirements of this species. The scant habitat data available suggest that the species is probably associated with mammal nests. Adults have been collected by sifting around a deserted mouse nest ( -Blatchley 1910 +Blatchley 1910 ) and from a fox burrow ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). The specimen from New Brunswick was captured during June in a pitfall trap baited with dog dung. - -Distribution in Canada and Alaska. - + +Distribution in Canada and Alaska. + MB, ON, NB, NS ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). -Majka (2008) +Majka (2008) considered this species to be disjunct in Nova Scotia due to a lack of records from Quebec and other regions of Atlantic Canada. diff --git a/data/0E/0C/45/0E0C456BA0BBAA6D9BB0F3EBE1E14BB0.xml b/data/0E/0C/45/0E0C456BA0BBAA6D9BB0F3EBE1E14BB0.xml index 67aed835315..042268b4639 100644 --- a/data/0E/0C/45/0E0C456BA0BBAA6D9BB0F3EBE1E14BB0.xml +++ b/data/0E/0C/45/0E0C456BA0BBAA6D9BB0F3EBE1E14BB0.xml @@ -1,114 +1,114 @@ - - - -A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species + + + +A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species - - -Author + + +Author -Jiang, Nan +Jiang, Nan - - -Author + + +Author -Xue, Dayong +Xue, Dayong - - -Author + + +Author -Han, Hongxiang +Han, Hongxiang -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -139 + +2011 + +139 - -45 -96 + +45 +96 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -1313-2970-139-45 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 +1313-2970-139-45 - - - - + + + + Biston quercii ( -Oberthuer +Oberthuer , 1910) Figs 44, 4583110 - - -Amphidasis quercii - -Oberthuer + + +Amphidasis quercii + +Oberthuer , 1910 , -Etudes -Lepid +Etudes +Lepid . comp., 4: 676, pl. 51, fig. 433. Holotype ♀, China: Sichuan, Tien-Tsuen. (ZFMK) - -Biston quercii + +Biston quercii : -Prout, 1915 +Prout, 1915 , in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4: 359. - -Biston (Eubyjodonta)quercii + +Biston (Eubyjodonta)quercii : -Wehrli, 1941 +Wehrli, 1941 , in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 434, pl. 36: f. - -Diagnosis. - + +Diagnosis. + The wing pattern of this species is similar to that of -Biston falcata +Biston falcata as follows: the forewing antemedial line is black, slightly waved; the postmedial lines of both wings -are +are black and dentate; broad brown bands are present basally of the forewing antemedial line and distally of the postmedial lines of both wings; the speckles scattered on the wings are black, and often gather to a black patch basally of the submarginal lines; the hindwing medial line is black and double. But it can be distinguished by the fol -lowing +lowing characters: the outer margins are more undulating, there are distinct marginal processes in the centre of both wings, absent in -Biston falcata +Biston falcata ; the hindwing discal spot is present. The male genitalia are similar to those of -Biston falcata +Biston falcata as follows: the apex of the uncus is round; the median process of the gnathos is broad and round apically; the juxta is long, narrow, acute and with a longitudinal arris apico-ventrally; the cornutus is shaped as a spinous patch. But this species is characterized by the narrower juxta and the longer spines of the cornutus. - -Material examineds. - + +Material examineds. + CHINA, Sichuan (ZFMK): Tien-Tsuen, 1901, coll. native collectors (chasseurs -indigenes +indigenes de feu le P. -Dejean +Dejean ), 1♀ (Holotype). Henan(IZCAS): Baiyunshan, 1300 m, 19.VII.2002, 18.VI.2003, coll. Shen Xiaocheng, 2♂. Shaanxi(IZCAS): Ningshaan, Yaquegou, 1580-1750 m, 7.VII.1999, coll. Yuan Decheng, 1♂. Gansu(IZCAS): Kangxian, Qinghe Linchang, 1450-1650 m, 15.VII.1998, coll. Yao Jian and Wang Hongjian, 4♂. Hubei(IZCAS): Shennongjia, Dajiuhu, 1800m, 1.VIII.1981, coll. Han Yinheng, 1♂; Xingshan, Longmenhe, 1350 m, 14-16.VII.1993, coll. Song Shimei, 4♂. Sichuan(IZCAS): Wenchuan, Wolong, 1920 m, 22.VII.1983, coll. Wang Shuyong, 1♂. A few males from Shaanxi and Sichuan in coll. ZFMK. - -Distribution. -China (Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan). + +Distribution. +China (Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan). \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/0F/CC/1A/0FCC1ACB1630AC6D3CA3E736990C4196.xml b/data/0F/CC/1A/0FCC1ACB1630AC6D3CA3E736990C4196.xml index b4d7a1cc847..56afc7f9487 100644 --- a/data/0F/CC/1A/0FCC1ACB1630AC6D3CA3E736990C4196.xml +++ b/data/0F/CC/1A/0FCC1ACB1630AC6D3CA3E736990C4196.xml @@ -1,143 +1,143 @@ - - - -New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae + + + +New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae - - -Author + + +Author -Webster, Reginald P. +Webster, Reginald P. - - -Author + + +Author -Makepeace, Scott +Makepeace, Scott - - -Author + + +Author -DeMerchant, Ian +DeMerchant, Ian - - -Author + + +Author -Sweeney, Jon D. +Sweeney, Jon D. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2012 - -179 + +2012 + +179 - -11 -26 + +11 +26 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -1313-2970-179-11 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 +1313-2970-179-11 - - - -Platysoma leconti Marseul, 1853 + + + +Platysoma leconti Marseul, 1853 Map 10 - -Material examined. - + +Material examined. + New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve, -46.1888°N +46.1888°N , -67.6762°W +67.6762°W , 20.V.2005, R. P. Webster (1, RWC). Northumberland Co., 12.0 km SSE of Upper Napan near Goodfellow Brook, -46.8943°N +46.8943°N , -65.3810°W +65.3810°W , 23.V.2007, R. P. Webster, recent clear-cut, under bark of spruce log (1, NBM). Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N.A. (Protected Natural Area), -46.1125°N +46.1125°N , -65.6075°W +65.6075°W , 25.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. -Giguere +Giguere , mature red oak forest, on dead red oak trunk (1, AFC); same locality data and forest type, 13-25.V.2011, 29. -VI- +VI- 7.VII.2011, M. Roy & V. Webster, Lindgren funnel traps (2, NBM). Restigouche Co., Jacquet River Gorge P.N.A., -47.8779°N +47.8779°N , -66.0013°W +66.0013°W , 13.VI.2009, R. P. Webster, mixed forest, under bark of birch with fermented sap (2, RWC). Sunbury Co., Portobello Creek N.W.A., -45.8992°N +45.8992°N , -66.4248°W +66.4248°W , 5.VI.2004, R. P. Webster (1, RWC); Lakeville Corner, -45.9007°N +45.9007°N , -66.2423°W +66.2423°W , 27.VIII.2006, R. P. Webster, silver maple swamp, among polypore fungi on poplar log (1, NBM). York Co., near Magaguadavic Lake, -45.7283°N +45.7283°N , -67.1818°W +67.1818°W , 24.IV.2004, D. Sabine & R. Webster (3, NBM, RWC); Charters Settlement, -45.8340°N +45.8340°N , -66.7450°W +66.7450°W , 14.V.2004, R. P. Webster (1, RWC); 15 km W of Tracy off Rt. 645, -45.6848°N +45.6848°N , -66.8821°W +66.8821°W , 4-11.VIII.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. -Giguere +Giguere , old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1, AFC). - - + + Map 10. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of -Platysoma leconti +Platysoma leconti . - -Collection and habitat data. - -Platysoma leconti + +Collection and habitat data. + +Platysoma leconti is found under bark of a variety of dead deciduous tree species (maples ( -Acer +Acer spp.), oaks ( -Quercus +Quercus spp.), elm ( -Ulmus +Ulmus spp.), poplars ( -Populus +Populus sp.), ashes ( -Fraxinus +Fraxinus spp.)) and pines ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). In New Brunswick, this species was found under bark of a red oak, under bark with fermented sap of a dead standing birch ( -Betula +Betula sp.), and among polypore fungi on a poplar log. Adults were also caught in Lindgren funnel traps. Adults were captured during April, May, June, and August. - -Distribution in Canada and Alaska. - + +Distribution in Canada and Alaska. + NT, BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). diff --git a/data/1E/C8/1E/1EC81ED26AE3F58C9A42B50925E6B4F6.xml b/data/1E/C8/1E/1EC81ED26AE3F58C9A42B50925E6B4F6.xml index 1b6eaa22753..b32bec2ef28 100644 --- a/data/1E/C8/1E/1EC81ED26AE3F58C9A42B50925E6B4F6.xml +++ b/data/1E/C8/1E/1EC81ED26AE3F58C9A42B50925E6B4F6.xml @@ -1,117 +1,117 @@ - - - -A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species + + + +A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species - - -Author + + +Author -Jiang, Nan +Jiang, Nan - - -Author + + +Author -Xue, Dayong +Xue, Dayong - - -Author + + +Author -Han, Hongxiang +Han, Hongxiang -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -139 + +2011 + +139 - -45 -96 + +45 +96 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -1313-2970-139-45 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 +1313-2970-139-45 - - - -Biston regalis (Moore, 1888) + + + +Biston regalis (Moore, 1888) Figs 41, 4281108124 - - -Amphidasys regalis -Moore, 1888 + + +Amphidasys regalis +Moore, 1888 , in Hewitson & Moore, Descr. new Indian lepid. Insects Colln late Mr W.S. Atkinson, (3): 234. Syntypes ♂♀, India: Darjeeling. (BMNH) - -Biston regalis + +Biston regalis : -Prout, 1915 +Prout, 1915 , in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4: 359, pl.19: h. - -Diagnosis. - + +Diagnosis. + The wing pattern of this species is similar to that of -Biston exalbescens +Biston exalbescens Inoue, 2000 (Philippines) as follows: the forewing postmedial line is weakly waved, broadly protruding outwards between R5 and M3 and below CuA2; the hindwing outer margin is concave between M1 and M3; the hindwing postmedial line protrudes outwards between M1 and M3; dark brown bands are present basally of the forewing antemedial line and distally of the postmedial line of both wings, and usually absent at apical area and between M3 and CuA1 of the forewing. But the species can be distinguished from -Biston exalbescens +Biston exalbescens by the following characters: the forewing antemedial line is thinner, the dark brown band basally of it is narrower; the medial lines of both wings are less conspicuous. In the male genitalia, it differs in the much stronger central setose area of the valva; the median process of the gnathos is spatulate terminally, but pointed in - -Biston + +Biston exalbescens ; the juxta is longer and narrower; the vesica with two cornuti, a basal, oval plate with a lateral tooth and an elongate, sclerotized, spined fold. The female genitalia of this species are close to that of -Biston betularia +Biston betularia , but it has a nearly triangular lamella postvaginalis, which is absent in -Biston betularia +Biston betularia ; the ductus bursae is broader and sclerotized, without antrum; the corpus bursae is pouched, but enlarged posteriorly and narrow medially in -Biston betularia +Biston betularia ; the signum is almost oval, but bar-like in -Biston betularia +Biston betularia . - -Material examineds. - + +Material examineds. + CHINA,Liaoning (IZCAS): Fengcheng, Sitaizi, 23.VII.1982, coll. Song Shimei, 2♂. Henan (IZCAS):Nanyang, Baiyunshan, 1300 m, 1.VI.2001, coll. Shen Xiaocheng, 1♂; Nanyang, Baiyunshan, 1400 m, 21-27.VII.2003, coll. Zhang Dandan, 2♂; Nanyang, Baotianman, 24.VI.2006, coll. Shen Xiaocheng, 1♂; Nanyang, Baotianman, 623 m, 12.VIII.2008, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Yanshi, 21.VI.1981, 1♂. Shaanxi (IZCAS):Foping, 950 m, 24-25.VII.1998, coll. Yuan Decheng, 4♂; Ningshaan, Huoditang, 1580 m, 19.VIII.1998, coll. Yuan Decheng and Zhang Xuezhong, 3♂;Liuba, Miaotaizi, 1020-1350 m, 18-21.VII.1998, coll. Yao Jian and He Tongli, 5♂; Zhouzhi, Houzhenzi, 1350 m, 24.VI.1999, coll. Zhu Chaodong, 1♂; Huangbaiyuan, 1000 m, 13-18.VII.1980, coll. Han Yinheng and Zhang Baolin, 4♂. Gansu (IZCAS): Yongdeng, Tulugou, 2280 m, 4.VI.1992, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Tianshui, Longmen Linchang, 1990, 1♂; Chengxian, Feilongxia, 1020 m, 4.VII.1999, coll. Yao Jian, 2♂; Kangxian, Baiyunshan, 1250-1750 m, 12.VII.1998, coll. Wang Shuyong and Yao Jian, 2♂; Kangxian, Qinghe Linchang, 1450-1650 m, 4-8.VII.1999, coll. Yao Jian and Zhu Chaodong, 3♂; Kangxian, Yangba, 1000 m, 10-11.VII.1999, coll. He Tongli and Zhu Chaodong, 2♂; Wenxian, Tielou, 1450 m, 24.VII.1999, coll. Zhu Chaodong, 3♂; Wenxian, Qiujiaba, 2350 m, 22.VII.1999, coll. Yao Jian, 2♂. Zhejiang (IZCAS): Tianmushan, 21.VII.1973, coll. Zhang Baolin, 1♂. Hubei (IZCAS): Shennongjia, Songbai, 950 m, 14-18.VII.1980. coll. Yu Peiyu, 3♂; Shennongjia, Dajiuhu, 1800 m, 1.VIII.1981, coll. Han Yinheng, 1♂; Shennongjia, Jiuchong, 700 m, 1.VII.1998, coll. Ye Chanjuan, 1♂; Hefeng, Fenshuiling, 1240 m, 29-31.VII.1989, coll. Li Wei and Yang Longlong, 9♂1♀; Xingshan, Longmenhe, 1300-1350 m, 21. -VI- +VI- 18.VII.1993, coll. Song Shimei and Huang Runzhi, 5♂; Lichuan, Xingdoushan, 800 m, 21-23.VII.1989, coll. Li Wei and Yang Longlong, 2♂. Jiangxi (IZCAS): Guling, 13.VII.1935, 1♂; Lushan, 5.VII.1975, coll. Liu Youqiao, 1♂. Hunan (IZCAS): Sangzhi, 8.VII.1981, 2♂. Fujian (IZCAS): Mt. Wuyi, 21.IX.1982, coll. Zhang Baolin, 2♂. Hainan (IZCAS):Qiongzhong, Limushan, 647 m, 29.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing, 1♂; Bawangling, Donger Linchang, 1015 m, 8-10.V.2007, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 1♂; Baisha, Yinggeling, Yinggezui, 619 m, 17-19.XI.2009, coll. Yang Chao, 1♂; Wuzhishan, Shuiman, 730-900 m, 8.V.2007, coll. Lang Songyun, 1♂; Jianfengling, 18.V.1982, coll. Chen Zhiqing, 1♀; Ledong, Jianfengling, 934 m, 14-17.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing, 4♂; Ledong, Jianfengling, 934 m, 14-17.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing, 1♂; Lingshui, Diaoluoshan, 920 m, 3.V.2007, coll. Lang Songyun, 1♂; Lingshui, Diaoluoshan, 929 m, 11-12.XII.2007, coll. Li Jing, 2♂. Sichuan (IZCAS): Mt. Emei, Qingyinge, 800-1000 m, 29. -VI- +VI- 15.VII.1957, coll. Yu Youcai, 4♂; Xichang, Lushan, 8.VIII.1980, 1♂; Dukou, Pingdi, 28.VI.1981, coll. Zhang Baolin, 2♂. Yunnan (IZCAS): Weixi, 2320 m, 24.VI.1979, coll. Yan Xiangqun, -1 +1 ♂; Baoshan, Bawan, 1100 m, 19-23.V.1992, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Tengchong, Heinitang, 1930 m, 28-30.V.1992, coll. Xue Dayong, 5♂; Xiaomenglun, 7.V.1980, 1♂; Qujing, 7.IX.1982, coll. Fang Chenglai, 1♂. More material from Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Hubei and Yunnan, in coll. ZFMK. - -Distribution. -China (Liaoning, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan), Russia (Amur, Ussuri), Japan, North Korea, South Korea, India, Nepal, Philippines, Pakistan, United States. + +Distribution. +China (Liaoning, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan), Russia (Amur, Ussuri), Japan, North Korea, South Korea, India, Nepal, Philippines, Pakistan, United States. - -Remarks. - + +Remarks. + The subspecies of -Biston regalis +Biston regalis from China is -Biston regalis comitata +Biston regalis comitata (Warren, 1899) ( -Eubyjodonta comitata +Eubyjodonta comitata Warren, 1899, Novit. zool., 6: 50. Syntypes 2♂, Russia: Amurland, Sidemi. (BMNH)). diff --git a/data/29/42/4F/29424FC00A7A882483BE207EE165252E.xml b/data/29/42/4F/29424FC00A7A882483BE207EE165252E.xml index 92aa27211dd..4714a967023 100644 --- a/data/29/42/4F/29424FC00A7A882483BE207EE165252E.xml +++ b/data/29/42/4F/29424FC00A7A882483BE207EE165252E.xml @@ -1,99 +1,99 @@ - - - -New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae + + + +New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae - - -Author + + +Author -Webster, Reginald P. +Webster, Reginald P. - - -Author + + +Author -Makepeace, Scott +Makepeace, Scott - - -Author + + +Author -DeMerchant, Ian +DeMerchant, Ian - - -Author + + +Author -Sweeney, Jon D. +Sweeney, Jon D. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2012 - -179 + +2012 + +179 - -11 -26 + +11 +26 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -1313-2970-179-11 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 +1313-2970-179-11 - - - -Atholus perplexus (J. L. LeConte, 1863) + + + +Atholus perplexus (J. L. LeConte, 1863) Map 11 - -Material examined. - + +Material examined. + New Brunswick, York Co., Charters Settlement, -45.8456°N +45.8456°N , -66.7267°W +66.7267°W , 10.VI.2010, R. P. Webster, beaver dam among sticks and debris on top of dam (2, RWC). - - + + Map 11. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of -Atholus perplexus +Atholus perplexus . - -Collection and habitat data. - -Atholus perplexus + +Collection and habitat data. + +Atholus perplexus has been collected from North American beaver ( -Castor canadensis +Castor canadensis Kuhl) lodges, muskrat ( -Ondatra zibethicus +Ondatra zibethicus (L.)) nests, and in manure ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). The specimens from New Brunswick were -collected +collected among sticks and debris on top of a beaver dam. Beaver dung was present in the material on the top of the dam. The two adults were collected during June. - -Distribution in Canada and Alaska. - + +Distribution in Canada and Alaska. + SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, PE, NS ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). diff --git a/data/33/67/FA/3367FA77844544859E8582149343908D.xml b/data/33/67/FA/3367FA77844544859E8582149343908D.xml index bdbb314375d..6a8a51205ab 100644 --- a/data/33/67/FA/3367FA77844544859E8582149343908D.xml +++ b/data/33/67/FA/3367FA77844544859E8582149343908D.xml @@ -1,115 +1,115 @@ - - - -A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species + + + +A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species - - -Author + + +Author -Jiang, Nan +Jiang, Nan - - -Author + + +Author -Xue, Dayong +Xue, Dayong - - -Author + + +Author -Han, Hongxiang +Han, Hongxiang -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -139 + +2011 + +139 - -45 -96 + +45 +96 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -1313-2970-139-45 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 +1313-2970-139-45 - - - -Biston robustum Butler, 1879 + + + +Biston robustum Butler, 1879 Figs 19, 2075102 - - -Biston robustum -Butler, 1879 + + +Biston robustum +Butler, 1879 , Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (5) 4: 371. Syntype(s), Japan: Yokohama. (BMNH) - -Biston robustum kiangsua -Wehrli, 1941 + +Biston robustum kiangsua +Wehrli, 1941 , in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 433, pl. 36: b. Holotype ♂, China: Shanghai. (ZFMK) (Treated as a synonym of -Biston robustum robustum +Biston robustum robustum by -Parsons et al. (1999) +Parsons et al. (1999) ) - -Diagnosis. - + +Diagnosis. + The external characters of this species are close to those of -Biston porphyria +Biston porphyria (Butler, 1889) (India) as follows: the male antennae are bipectinate to tip; greyish brown bands are present basally of the antemedial line of the forewing and distally of the postmedial lines of both wings; the forewing medial line converges with the postmedial line at 1A + 2A; the hindwing postmedial line acutely protrudes between M1 and M3; the submarginal lines of both wings are dark grey. But the species can be distinguished by the following characters: this species (length of forewing: 28-30 mm in male) is larger than -Biston porphyria +Biston porphyria ; the wings are broader; the hindwing medial line is -more +more conspicuous. The male genitalia of the species are similar to those of -Biston betularia +Biston betularia as follows: the apex of the uncus is bifurcated; the median process of the gnathos is about one-half length of the uncus; the juxta is long, narrow, and acute apically. But it can be distinguished from -Biston betularia +Biston betularia by the longer and narrower valva and the absence of cornuti. - -Material examineds. - + +Material examineds. + CHINA, Shanghai (ZFMK): 1♂ (Holotype of -Biston robustum kiangsua +Biston robustum kiangsua ). Shandong (IZCAS): Gujiding, 13.IV.1981, 3♂. Jiangsu (IZCAS): Nanjing, Qixiaqu, Yaohuamen, 16.III.2006, coll. Lang Songyun, 3♂. More material from Shaanxi, 2♂ from Taiwan, many from Japan, 2♂ from Korea and many from Vietnam in coll. ZFMK. - -Distribution. -China (Shandong, Shaanxi, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan), Japan, Russia, North Korea, South Korea, Vietnam. + +Distribution. +China (Shandong, Shaanxi, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan), Japan, Russia, North Korea, South Korea, Vietnam. - -Remarks. - + +Remarks. + There are two Chinese subspecies of -Biston robustum +Biston robustum , they are -Biston robustum robustum +Biston robustum robustum Butler, 1879 and -Biston robustum subrobustum +Biston robustum subrobustum Inoue, 1964 ( -Biston robustum subrobustum +Biston robustum subrobustum Inoue, 1964, -Kontyu +Kontyu , 32 (2): 338, pl. 8, fig. 3. Holotype ♂, Taiwan (central): Puli. (BMNH)). The former is distributed in the mainland China, the latter is distributed in Taiwan. The description of -Biston robustum kiangsua +Biston robustum kiangsua Wehrli was based on a single, rather aberrant specimen, with a single printed label "Shanghai China". Similar forms occur in Japan, as mentioned by Wehrli (1941). So this name very probably does not denote a valid subspecies and it is synonymized correctly. diff --git a/data/3E/F3/A2/3EF3A28C39BF725DF6B311EAF964A27A.xml b/data/3E/F3/A2/3EF3A28C39BF725DF6B311EAF964A27A.xml index 747d0a8fb31..a1669963232 100644 --- a/data/3E/F3/A2/3EF3A28C39BF725DF6B311EAF964A27A.xml +++ b/data/3E/F3/A2/3EF3A28C39BF725DF6B311EAF964A27A.xml @@ -1,203 +1,203 @@ - - - -A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species + + + +A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species - - -Author + + +Author -Jiang, Nan +Jiang, Nan - - -Author + + +Author -Xue, Dayong +Xue, Dayong - - -Author + + +Author -Han, Hongxiang +Han, Hongxiang -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -139 + +2011 + +139 - -45 -96 + +45 +96 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -1313-2970-139-45 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 +1313-2970-139-45 - - - - + + + + Biston thibetaria ( -Oberthuer +Oberthuer , 1886) Figs 55-5789114128 - - -Amphidasys thibetaria - -Oberthuer + + +Amphidasys thibetaria + +Oberthuer , 1886 , -Etudes +Etudes ent., 11: 32, pl. 5, fig. 30. Holotype ♀, China: Sichuan (?), -Chapa +Chapa . (ZFMK) - -Buzura thibetaria + +Buzura thibetaria : -Prout, 1915 +Prout, 1915 , in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4: 360, pl. 19: h. - -Buzura (Blepharoctenia) thibetaria + +Buzura (Blepharoctenia) thibetaria : -Wehrli, 1941 +Wehrli, 1941 , in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 436. - -Biston thibetaria + +Biston thibetaria : -Parsons et al., 1999 +Parsons et al., 1999 , Geometrid Moths of the World, a Catalogue, 1: 88. - -Diagnosis. - + +Diagnosis. + This species is very distinct and is easily recognizable by the thick black lines and yellowish green bands placed basally of the antemedial line of the forewing and distally of the postmedial lines of both wings, the large, black ringed and pale-centred discal spots on both wings, as well as the black-belted abdomen and the fresh yellow anal tuft. The male genitalia of -Biston thibetaria +Biston thibetaria are close to those of -Biston panterinaria +Biston panterinaria : the apex of the uncus is bifurcated and about four-fifths as long as the basal width; the median process of the gnathos is short and round apically; the valva is broad basally and narrow apically; the ventral margin of the valva is slightly sinuous; the juxta has a deep incision at the middle on the posterior margin; the cornutus is stick-like; a narrow sclerotized band is present on lateral side of the aedeagus. But it can be distinguished from that species by the strongly rounded basal half of the valva. The female genitalia of the species are close to those of -Biston panterinaria +Biston panterinaria as follows: the ostium bursae is weakly sclerotized; the ductus bursae is very short; the corpus bursae is curved medially, striated in the posterior half and enlarged at tip; the signum is oval and with marginal spines. It differs in having an oval lamella postvaginalis, which is absent in -Biston panterinaria +Biston panterinaria . - -Material examineds. - + +Material examineds. + CHINA, Sichuan (ZFMK): Sichuan (?), -Chapa +Chapa , 1♂(Syntype). Hubei (IZCAS): Shennongjia, 600-700 m, 17-18.VII., 2.VIII.1998, coll. Ye Chanjuan, 3♂; Xingshan, Longmenhe, 730-1350 m, -VI-VII +VI-VII .1993, coll. Song Shimei et al., 11♂1♀; Zigui, Jiulingtou, 220-250 m, 25.VII.1993, coll. Song Shimei, 2♂; -Badong +Badong , 19.V.1989, 1♂; Hefeng, 650 m, 29.V.1989, coll. Li Wei, 1♂; Lichuan, Xingdoushan, 860 m, 6.VII.1989, coll. Li Wei, 1♂; Xianfeng, 800 m, 2.VI.1989, coll. Li Wei, 1♀. Hunan (IZCAS): Tianpingshan, 12.VIII.1981, 1♂. Fujian (IZCAS): Mt. Wuyi, Sangang, 7.VII.1982, coll. Wang Linyao, 1♂. Guangxi (IZCAS): Longsheng, 10-13.VI.1980, coll. Song Shimei and Wang Linyao, 4♂. Sichuan (IZCAS): Barkam, 2600 m, 21.VIII.1983, coll. Chai Huaicheng, 1♂; Luding, Moxi, 600-1900 m, 11-17.VI.1983, coll. Chai Huaicheng and Wang Shuyong, 3♂; Luding, Guzanjiangju, 1635 m, 21.V.2009, coll. Liang Hongbin and Wang Zhiliang, 1♂2♀; Batang, 1975, 9♂; Dukou, Pingdi, 5-22.VI.1987, coll. Zhang Baolin, 13♂; Huili, 23-29.VII.1974, coll. Han Yinheng, 2♂1♀; Yanyuan, Jinhe, 1230 m, 28.VI.1984, coll. Chen Yixin, 1♂. Guizhou (IZCAS): Meiyun, 6.IV.1978, coll. Xia -Huai'en +Huai'en , 1♀. Yunnan (IZCAS): Lijiang, 22-23.V.1980, 7♂1♀; Lijiang, Yushuizhai, 2680 m, 21.VI.2009, coll. Qi Feng, 1♂; Qujing, 3-20.VII.1982, coll. Wang Linyao and Song Shimei, 4♂; Luoci, 21.VI.1982, coll. Song Shimei, 1♂; Yongsheng, Liude, 2250m, 9.VII.1984, coll. Liu Dayun, 1♂. More material from Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet in coll. ZFMK. - -Distribution. -China (Henan, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet). + +Distribution. +China (Henan, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet). - -Remarks. - + +Remarks. + The female which - -Oberthuer + +Oberthuer (1886 , pl. 5, fig.30) figured, is generally considered to be the holotype of thibetaria. However, he indirectly mentioned a larger number of specimens in his original description, by writing: "some specimens have the wings crossed by curved medial lines which cut through the discoidal spots" (translated from French). The female is part of the ZFMK collection, as already mentioned by -Wehrli (1941) +Wehrli (1941) , but all other syntypes are not. It is well possible that they have been transferred to The Natural History Museum, London, which keeps a large part of the Charles -Oberthuer +Oberthuer collection. If these specimens will be found existing, the female will lose its holotype status. Eight specimens of thibetaria from several Sichuan localities in the ZFMK collection bearing the typical printed labels of -Oberthuer +Oberthuer have been collected later, in the years following the description of thibetaria, thus they do not belong to the syntype series. - - + + Figures 54-63. Adults of -Biston +Biston . 54 -Biston perclara +Biston perclara , male 55-57 -Biston thibetaria +Biston thibetaria . 55 male (syntype) 56 male 57 female 58-63 -Biston panterinaria panterinaria +Biston panterinaria panterinaria . 58 male (syntype of -Culcula +Culcula panterinaria lienpingensis) 59 female (syntype of -Culcula panterinaria szechuanensis +Culcula panterinaria szechuanensis ) 60 male (Dayu, Jiangxi) 61 male (Jiulianshan, Jiangxi) 62 male (Shixing, Guangdong) 63 male (Pengshui, Sichuan). Scale bar = 1 cm. - - + + Figures 64-69. Adults of -Biston +Biston . 64-65 -Biston panterinaria panterinaria +Biston panterinaria panterinaria . 64 female (Fangshan, Beijing) 65 female (Yingtaogou, Beijing); 66-69 -Biston panterinaria exanthemata +Biston panterinaria exanthemata . 66 male 67 ditto, underside 68 female 69 ditto, underside. Scale bar = 1 cm. - - + + Figures 70-75. Male genitalia of -Biston +Biston . 70 -Biston melacron +Biston melacron 71 -Biston marginata +Biston marginata 72 -Biston thoracicaria +Biston thoracicaria 73 -Biston betularia parva +Biston betularia parva 74 -Biston betularia nepalensis +Biston betularia nepalensis 75 -Biston robustum +Biston robustum . Scale bar = 1 mm. - - + + Figures 76-81. Male genitalia of -Biston +Biston . 76 -Biston mediolata +Biston mediolata sp. n. 77 -Biston contectaria +Biston contectaria 78 -Biston bengaliaria +Biston bengaliaria 79 -Biston pustulata +Biston pustulata 80 -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria 81 -Biston regalis +Biston regalis . Scale bar = 1 mm. diff --git a/data/40/92/BF/4092BFC4DC41EC413704B9A4699AA682.xml b/data/40/92/BF/4092BFC4DC41EC413704B9A4699AA682.xml index 27d47634883..11f7de7038a 100644 --- a/data/40/92/BF/4092BFC4DC41EC413704B9A4699AA682.xml +++ b/data/40/92/BF/4092BFC4DC41EC413704B9A4699AA682.xml @@ -1,98 +1,98 @@ - - - -New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae + + + +New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae - - -Author + + +Author -Webster, Reginald P. +Webster, Reginald P. - - -Author + + +Author -Makepeace, Scott +Makepeace, Scott - - -Author + + +Author -DeMerchant, Ian +DeMerchant, Ian - - -Author + + +Author -Sweeney, Jon D. +Sweeney, Jon D. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2012 - -179 + +2012 + +179 - -11 -26 + +11 +26 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -1313-2970-179-11 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 +1313-2970-179-11 - - - -Gnathoncus communis (Marseul, 1862) + + + +Gnathoncus communis (Marseul, 1862) Map 4 - -Material examined. - + +Material examined. + New Brunswick, Kings Co., near Quarries, -45.6005°N +45.6005°N , -66.0500°W +66.0500°W , 25.IX.2005, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest in nest box on red maple, dry litter (2, RWC). Queens Co., Elm Hill, -45.7140°N +45.7140°N , -66.1315°W +66.1315°W , 27.VI.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest in tree hole in red oak, damp (urine smell) organic material with feathers, fur and small bones (2, RWC). - - + + Map 4. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of -Gnathoncus communis +Gnathoncus communis . - -Collection and habitat data. - + +Collection and habitat data. + This species was collected from nest material from barred owl nests in natural cavities in trees or artificial nest boxes. -Bousquet and Laplante (2006) +Bousquet and Laplante (2006) reported this species as occurring in similar habitats. Adults were collected during June and September. - -Distribution in Canada and Alaska. - + +Distribution in Canada and Alaska. + BC, AB, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). This species is possibly adventive in North America ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). diff --git a/data/4A/0F/98/4A0F98233D0D5F2AFCE3E9B3ED6DB724.xml b/data/4A/0F/98/4A0F98233D0D5F2AFCE3E9B3ED6DB724.xml index 2a96750b014..115270bddb9 100644 --- a/data/4A/0F/98/4A0F98233D0D5F2AFCE3E9B3ED6DB724.xml +++ b/data/4A/0F/98/4A0F98233D0D5F2AFCE3E9B3ED6DB724.xml @@ -1,346 +1,346 @@ - - - -A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species + + + +A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species - - -Author + + +Author -Jiang, Nan +Jiang, Nan - - -Author + + +Author -Xue, Dayong +Xue, Dayong - - -Author + + +Author -Han, Hongxiang +Han, Hongxiang -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -139 + +2011 + +139 - -45 -96 + +45 +96 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -1313-2970-139-45 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 +1313-2970-139-45 - - - -Biston panterinaria (Bremer & Grey, 1853) + + + +Biston panterinaria (Bremer & Grey, 1853) Figs 58-6990-96115, 116129, 130 - - -Amphidasis panterinaria -Bremer & Grey, 1853 + + +Amphidasis panterinaria +Bremer & Grey, 1853 , Beitr. Schmett.-Fauna nord. China: 21, pl. 10, fig. 1. Syntypes, China (north). - -Buzura abraxata -Leech, 1889 + +Buzura abraxata +Leech, 1889 , Trans. ent. Soc. Lond., 1889 (1): 143, pl. 9, fig. 14. Syntype(s) ♀, China: Yangzee River, Kiukiang. (BMNH), syn. n. - -Culcula panterinaria lienpingensis -Wehrli, 1939 + +Culcula panterinaria lienpingensis +Wehrli, 1939 , in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 266, pl. 20: b. Syntype(s), China: Guangdong, Lienping. (ZFMK), syn. n. - -Culcula panterinaria szechuanensis -Wehrli, 1939 + +Culcula panterinaria szechuanensis +Wehrli, 1939 , in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 266, pl. 20: b. Syntype(s), China: Sichuan, Tien-Tsuen. (ZFMK), syn. n. - -Culcula panterinaria + +Culcula panterinaria : -Inoue, 1946 +Inoue, 1946 , Bull. Lepid. Soc. Japan,1 (2): 37. - -Biston panterinaria + +Biston panterinaria : -Sato, 1996 +Sato, 1996 , Trans. lepid. Soc. Japan, 47 (4): 223-236. - -Diagnosis. - + +Diagnosis. + This species is different from other congeners by mimicking the pattern of distasteful or poisonous species of the genus -Abraxas +Abraxas Leach. The wings are white and scattered with pale grey markings, which are rarely present basally of the hindwing postmedial line; the base of the forewing is grey and has a large brown patch, accompanied by the yellowish brown antemedial line; the postmedial lines of both wings are yellow, narrow and protruding outwards between M1 and M3, and diffused with dark brown oval patches; the discal spots of both wings are large pale grey dots; the discal spots on the underside of the wings are dark brown centrally. The diagnostic characters of genitalia can be seen in the previous species. - -Material examineds. - + +Material examineds. + CHINA, Kwangtung [Guangdong] (ZFMK): Lienping, 1♂ (Syntype of -Culcula +Culcula panterinaria lienpingensis). Sichuan (ZFMK): Tien-Tsuen, 1901, coll. native collectors (chasseurs -indigenes +indigenes de feu le P. -Dejean +Dejean ), 1♂ (Syntype of -Culcula panterinaria szechuanensis +Culcula panterinaria szechuanensis ). Liaoning (IZCAS): Lingyuan, VI.1984, coll. -Jin +Jin Laiwu, 1♂; Beipiao, VI.1984, coll. Liu Jin, 1♂; Dongling, 2♂. Beijing (IZCAS): Xiangshan, 9.VIII.1936, 1♂; Sanpu, 23.VIII.1972, coll. Zhang Baolin, 2♂; Fangshan, 26-29.VI.1972, coll. Zhang Baolin, 8♂1♀; Baihuashan, 30.VI.1972, 1♀; Pinggu, 9.VII.1975, 1♂; Jinshan, 17.VII.1988, 1♂; Jinshan, 6.VII.1990, 3♂; Huairou, 10.VII.1981, 1♂; Fengtai, 6.VII.1982, 1♂; Yingtaogou, 29.VI.1990, 1♀. Hebei (IZCAS): Zunhua, Dongling, 1♂. Shanxi (IZCAS): Taiyuan, 1♂. Shandong (IZCAS): Qufu, Shimensi, 17.VII.1980, 1♂. Henan (IZCAS): Linzhou, Shibanyan, 22.VII.2006, coll. Sun Hao, 1♂; Dengfeng, 8.VII.1981, 1♀; Baiyunshan, 1300 m, 13.VI.2001, coll. Shen Xiaocheng, 1♂; Baiyunshan, 1400 m, 26-28.VII.2003, coll. Zhang Dandan, 3♂; Baiyunshan, 1550m, 13-15.VIII.2008, coll. Song Wenhui, 1♂; Nanyang, Baotianman, 21.VI.2006, coll. Shen Xiaocheng, 1♂; Xinyang, Jigongshan, 250 m, 20-21.VII.2002, coll. Han Hongxiang, 1♂. Shaanxi (IZCAS): Dali, 10.VII.1981, 1♂; Ankang, 22.V.1981, 1♂; Changqing, Xihan, 9.V.1981, 1♂; Liuba, Miaotaizi, 1350m, 19-21.VII.1998, coll. Yao Jian and Zhu Chaodong, 20♂5♀; Foping, 890-900 m, 26-27.VI.1999, coll. Yao Jian, 1♂1♀. Ningxia (IZCAS):Jingyuan, Hongxia Linchang, 1998 m, 9.VII.2008, coll. Song Wenhui, 1♂. Gansu (IZCAS): Zhouqu, Shatan Linchang, 2350 m, 5.VII.1998, coll. Yuan Decheng, 1♂; Kangxian, Baiyunshan, 1250-1750 m, 12.VII.1998, coll. Wang Shuyong, 1♂; Kangxian, 1000-1400 m, 7-14.VII.1999, coll. Zhang Xuezhong et al., 10♂1♀. Anhui (IZCAS): Jiuhuashan, VII.1981, 1♂. Zhejiang (IZCAS): Moganshan, 11-12.V.1936, coll. O. Piel, 1♂1♀; -Lin'an +Lin'an , VI.1981, 1♂; Tianmushan, 20-31.VII.1972, coll. Liu Youqiao et al., 11♂3♀; -Lin'an +Lin'an , West Tianmushan, 400 m, 26-30.VII.2003, coll. Han Hongxiang and Xue Dayong, 18♂1♀; Hangzhou, 18.VII.1973, coll. Chen Ruijin, 1♂; Qingyuan, Fengyangshan, Datianping, 1290 m, 6-10.VIII.2003, coll. Han Hongxiang, 5♂; Taishun, Siqianzhen, 250-930 m, 31.VII.-4.VIII.2005, coll. Lang Songyun, 14♂. Hubei (IZCAS): Jingshan, 22.VII.1981, 1♂; Shennongjia, 950 m, 3-16.VII.1980, coll. Yu Peiyu, 8♂1♀; Shennongjia, 600-700 m, 17 --20.VII.- +-20.VII.- 7.VIII.1998, coll. Zhou Hongzhang et al., 11♂; Xingshan, Longmenhe, 1310 m, 17.VI.1993, coll. Li Wenzhu, 2♂; Xingshan, Xiaohekou, 700 m, 11.V.1994, coll. Li Wenzhu, 1♂; Lichuan, Xingdoushan, 800-860 m, 9. -VI- +VI- 23.VII.1989, coll. Li Wei and Yang Longlong, 19♂; Xianfeng, 800 m, 4.VI.1989, coll. Li Wei, 2♂; Hefeng, 1240 m, 28.VII.1989, coll. Li Wei, 1♂. Jiangxi (IZCAS): Fengxin, VIII.1980, 1♂; Yifeng, VIII.1979, 1♂; Jinggangshan, 2.VII.1975, coll. Zhang Baolin, 1♂; Jiulianshan, 27-31.VII.1975, coll. Song Shimei, 7♂; Doushui, 7.VII.1975, coll. Song Shimei, 1♂; Lushan, 27. -VI- +VI- 5.VII.1975, coll. Liu Youqiao, 1♂1♀; Dayu, 550 m, 15.VIII.1985, coll. Wang Ziqing, 1♂. Hunan (IZCAS):Yizhang, 27.VII.1981, 1♂; Yizhang, Mangshan, Senlin Gongyuan, 512-770 m, 13-15.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 1♂; Yongshun, Shanmuhe Linchang, 500-600 m, 3-5.VIII.1998, coll. Chen Yixin et al., 8♂4♀; Guidong, Sidu, 714 m, 9-12.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 1♂; Yanling, Taoyuandong, 631 m, 4-8.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 2♂; Anhua, 22.V.1981, 1♂; Guzhang, Gaowangjie, 850 m, 29.VII.1988, coll. Chen Yixin, 2♂; Fenghuang, 16.IX.1988, coll. Song Shimei, 1♂. Fujian (IZCAS): Mt. Wuyi, Sangang, 10. -V- +V- 5.VI.1983, coll. Zhang Baolin et al., 13♂3♀; Mt. Wuyi, 500-700 m, 25-29.VII.2006, coll. Yang Chao et al., -4 +4 ♂; Mt. Wuyi, Sangang, 704 m, 11-14.VIII.2009, coll. Jiang Nan and Xue Dayong, 8♂; Ninghua, 9.VI.1980, 1♂; Sanming, 1.IX.1981, coll. Xiao Hu, 1♂; Jiangle, Longqishan, 200 m, 10.VIII.1991, coll. Song Shimei, 1♂; Shaxian, 3.IX.1979, coll. Lin Naiquan, 1♂. Guangdong (IZCAS): Dinghushan, 16-19.VII.1979, coll. Li Mingjia, 1♂; Luyuan, Nanling, 1020 m, 16-20.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 3♂; Shixing, Chebaling, 365-401 m, 22-26.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 15♂1♀. Hainan (IZCAS): Qiongzhong, Limuling, 620 m, 14-15.V.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang and Lang Songyun, 4♂; Baisha, Yinggeling, 434 m, 5.IV.2008, coll. Lang Songyun, 1♂; Baisha, Hongkan, Shuiku, 553 m, 3-5.V.2009, coll. Yan Keji, 2♂; Wuzhishan, 29.V.1997, coll. Mai Guoqing, 1♂; Wuzhishan, Shuiman, 730-900 m, 3. -IV- +IV- 9.V.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang and Lang Songyun, 3♂; Ledong, Jianfengling, Tianchi, 982 m, 23.XI.2008, coll. Li Jing, 1♂; Lingshui, Diaoluoshan, 920 m, 29-30.III.2008, coll. Lang Songyun, 4♂. Guangxi (IZCAS): Longsheng, Hongtan, 900 m, 14.VI.1963, coll. Wang Chunguang, 1♂; -Mao'ershan +Mao'ershan , Jiuniutang, 1100-1150 m, 6-10.VII.1985, coll. Fang Chenglai, 2♂; Jinxiu, 400-1100 m, 10-18.V.1999, coll. Han Hongxiang et al., 69♂4♀. Sichuan (IZCAS):Guanxian, Dujiangyan, 700-1000 m, 4.VI.1979, coll. Shang Jinwen, 1♂; Mt. Emei, Qingyinge, 800-1000 m, 23. -IV- +IV- 16.VII.1957, coll. Zhu Fuxing, 38♂; Jiangjin, Simianshan, 22-26.VI.1981, coll. Zhang Shuli, 2♂; Pengshui, Taiyuan, 750 m, 9.VII.1989, coll. Yang Longlong, 2♂; Wanxian, Wangerbao, 1200 m, 28.V.1994, coll. Li Wenzhu, 2♂. Guizhou (IZCAS): Jiangkou, Fanjingshan, 500 m, 11.VII.1988, coll. Li Wei, 12♂; Leishan, Leigongshan, 1200 m, 3.VII.1988, coll. Yuan Decheng, 1♀; Shiyun, Jinxing, 700 m, 24.VII.1988, coll. Wang Shuyong, 1♂1♀. Yunnan (IZCAS):Baoshan, Baihualing, 1520 m, 11-13.VIII.2007, coll. Wu Chunguang and Xue Dayong, 2♂; Baoshan, Bawan, 1040 m, 8-10.VIII.2007, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Xishuangbanna, Bubang, 700 m, 14.IX.1993, coll. Yang Longlong, 1♂. Tibet (IZCAS): -Zayue +Zayue , Xia -Zayue +Zayue , 1534 m, 26.VIII.2005, coll. Wang Xuejian, 1♂1♀; -Medog +Medog , 871-2095 m, 10-23.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun, 8♂3♀. A large series from many parts of China in coll. ZFMK. - -Distribution. -China (Liaoning, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Nepal, Sikkim, Vietnam, Thailand. + +Distribution. +China (Liaoning, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Nepal, Sikkim, Vietnam, Thailand. - -Remarks. - + +Remarks. + For -Biston panterinaria +Biston panterinaria six subspecies have been described: -Biston panterinaria panterinaria +Biston panterinaria panterinaria (north China), -Biston panterinaria abraxata +Biston panterinaria abraxata (Jiangxi, China), -Biston panterinaria lienpingensis +Biston panterinaria lienpingensis (Guangdong, China), -Biston panterinaria szechuanensis +Biston panterinaria szechuanensis (Sichuan, China), -Biston panterinaria sychnospilas +Biston panterinaria sychnospilas (Prout, 1930) (Japan) and -Biston panterinaria exanthemata +Biston panterinaria exanthemata (Moore, 1888) (India, Nepal, Vietnam and Thailand). -Sato (1996) +Sato (1996) believed that there are geographical variations among -Biston panterinaria exanthemata +Biston panterinaria exanthemata in India, Nepal, Sikkim, Vietnam and Thailand. These variations can be found in the appearance and in the male genitalia. He also believed that the four Chinese subspecies exhibit intermediate conditions in colour and patches on wings between -Biston panterinaria szechuanensis +Biston panterinaria szechuanensis and -Biston panterinaria exanthemata +Biston panterinaria exanthemata , and the systematic position of the Chinese populations of -Biston panterinaria +Biston panterinaria needs further study ( -Sato 1996 +Sato 1996 ). According to the descriptions of -Wehrli (1939) +Wehrli (1939) , ssp. ab -raxata +raxata has distinct yellow postmedial lines accompanied by distinct dark brown patches as above, ssp. lienpingensis has the weak postmedial line accompanied with dark brown patches, ssp. szechuanensis has well developed grey markings. However, we consider these differences to be actually intraspecific individual variations. The yellow postmedial lines, the brown patches and the grey markings vary and are differently developed not only among the different populations, but often occur in the same region. For instance, the -yellow +yellow postmedial line varies from distinct and complete (ssp. abraxata) to incomplete (ssp. lienpingensis), and the variation occurred sympatrically in Jiangxi (Figs 60, 61). The material with well developted grey markings on the wings (ssp. szechuanensis) and the material without well developted grey markings on the wings (ssp. panterinaria) occurred sympatrically in Beijing (Figs 64, 65). What is more, the similar variation occurs in different localities. For example, the form with distinct and almost continuous yellow postmedial line (ssp. abraxata) occurs in Beijing (Fig. 65), besides Jiangxi (Fig. 60); the form similar to the subspecies lienpingensis occurs in Guangdong (Fig. 62), as well as in Zhejiang (Fig. 58) and Sichuan (Fig. 63); the form with well developed grey markings (ssp. szechuanensis) occurs in Beijing (Fig. 64), besides Sichuan (Fig. 59). In the male genitalia, the sinuous ventral margins of the valva vary from strongly to weakly among the material from different localities (Figs 90, 91, 92, 93), or even from the same region, such as Chebaling, Shixing of Guangdong (Figs 94, 95). Thus, we regard the variations as intraspecific individual variations, and treat -Biston panterinaria lienpingensis +Biston panterinaria lienpingensis , -Biston panterinaria szechuanensis +Biston panterinaria szechuanensis and -Biston panterinaria abraxata +Biston panterinaria abraxata as synonyms of -Biston panterinaria panterinaria +Biston panterinaria panterinaria . Besides, we find that the material collected from Yunnan and Tibet is identical with -Biston panterinaria exanthemata +Biston panterinaria exanthemata which was redescribed and illustrated by -Sato (1996) +Sato (1996) . Hence, we classify the material from Yunnan and Tibet as -Biston panterinaria exanthemata +Biston panterinaria exanthemata (Figs 66-69, 96, 116, 130)(and new to the fauna of China). - - + + Figures 82-88. Male genitalia of -Biston +Biston . 82 -Biston brevipennata +Biston brevipennata 83 -Biston quercii +Biston quercii 84-88. -Biston falcata +Biston falcata 84 -Biston falcata falcata +Biston falcata falcata (holotype of -Amphidasis erilda +Amphidasis erilda ) 85 -Biston falcata +Biston falcata falcata (Nyalam, Tibet) 86 -Biston falcata falcata +Biston falcata falcata (Mainling, Tibet) 87 -Biston falcata satura +Biston falcata satura (Zhouqu, Gansu) 88 -Biston falcata satura +Biston falcata satura (Shalin, Gansu). Scale bar = 1 mm. - - + + Figures 89-94. Male genitalia of -Biston +Biston . 89 -Biston thibetaria +Biston thibetaria ; 90-94. -Biston panterinaria panterinaria +Biston panterinaria panterinaria . 90 From Sanpu, Beijing 91 From Dayu, Jiangxi 92 From Wuyanling, Taishun, Zhejiang 93 From Taiyuan, Pengshui, Sichuan 94 From Chebaling, Shixing, Guangdong. Scale bar = 1 mm. - - + + Figures 95-104. Male genitalia of -Biston +Biston . 95 -Biston panterinaria panterinaria +Biston panterinaria panterinaria . From Chebaling, Shixing, Guangdong 96 -Biston panterinaria exanthemata +Biston panterinaria exanthemata . Scale bar = 1 mm. Aedeagus of -Biston +Biston . 97 -Biston melacron +Biston melacron 98 -Biston marginata +Biston marginata 99 -Biston thoracicaria +Biston thoracicaria 100 -Biston betularia parva +Biston betularia parva 101 -Biston betularia nepalensis +Biston betularia nepalensis 102 -Biston robustum +Biston robustum 103 -Biston mediolata +Biston mediolata sp. n. 104 -Biston contectaria +Biston contectaria . Scale bar = 1 mm. - - + + Figures 105-116. Aedeagus of -Biston +Biston . 105 -Biston bengaliaria +Biston bengaliaria 106 -Biston pustulata +Biston pustulata 107 -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria 108 -Biston regalis +Biston regalis 109 -Biston brevipennata +Biston brevipennata 110 -Biston quercii +Biston quercii 111 -Biston falcata falcata +Biston falcata falcata (holotype of -Amphidasis erilda +Amphidasis erilda ) 112 -Biston falcata falcata +Biston falcata falcata 113 -Biston falcata satura +Biston falcata satura 114 -Biston thibetaria +Biston thibetaria 115 -Biston panterinaria panterinaria +Biston panterinaria panterinaria 116 -Biston panterinaria exanthemata +Biston panterinaria exanthemata .Scale bar = 1 mm. - - + + Figures 117-120. Female genitalia of -Biston +Biston and enlarged view of signum. 117 -Biston marginata +Biston marginata 118 -Biston thoracicaria +Biston thoracicaria 119 -Biston betularia parva +Biston betularia parva 120 -Biston betularia nepalensis +Biston betularia nepalensis . Scale bar for female genitalia = 1 mm. (s = signum) - - + + Figures 121-124. Female genitalia of -Biston +Biston and enlarged view of signum. 121 -Biston mediolata +Biston mediolata sp. n. 122 -Biston bengaliaria +Biston bengaliaria 123 -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria 124 -Biston regalis +Biston regalis . Scale bar for female genitalia = 1 mm. (s = signum) - - + + Figures 125-128. Female genitalia of -Biston +Biston and enlarged view of signum. 125 -Biston falcata +Biston falcata falcata (Diqing, Yunnan) 126 -Biston falcata +Biston falcata falcata (Gyirong, Tibet) 127 -Biston falcata +Biston falcata satura (Zhouqu, Gansu) 128 -Biston thibetaria +Biston thibetaria . Scale bar for female genitalia = 1 mm. (s = signum) - - + + Figures 129-130. Female genitalia of -Biston +Biston and enlarged view of signum. 129 -Biston panterinaria panterinaria +Biston panterinaria panterinaria 130 -Biston panterinaria exanthemata +Biston panterinaria exanthemata . Scale bar for female genitalia = 1 mm. (s = signum) diff --git a/data/6E/91/E5/6E91E585348E192C5BF601CE1B9265CD.xml b/data/6E/91/E5/6E91E585348E192C5BF601CE1B9265CD.xml index 5e9860cae3d..b93c9660c07 100644 --- a/data/6E/91/E5/6E91E585348E192C5BF601CE1B9265CD.xml +++ b/data/6E/91/E5/6E91E585348E192C5BF601CE1B9265CD.xml @@ -1,125 +1,125 @@ - - - -A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species + + + +A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species - - -Author + + +Author -Jiang, Nan +Jiang, Nan - - -Author + + +Author -Xue, Dayong +Xue, Dayong - - -Author + + +Author -Han, Hongxiang +Han, Hongxiang -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -139 + +2011 + +139 - -45 -96 + +45 +96 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -1313-2970-139-45 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 +1313-2970-139-45 - - - - + + + + Biston bengaliaria ( -Guenee +Guenee , 1858) Figs 27-3078105122 - - -Amphidasis bengaliaria - -Guenee + + +Amphidasis bengaliaria + +Guenee , 1858 , in Boisduval & -Guenee +Guenee , Hist. nat. Insectes (Spec. -gen +gen . -Lepid +Lepid .), 9: 210; ibidem (1858) Atlas; pl. 4, fig. 2. Syntypes 3♂, 1♀, Bengal; India (central). (BMNH) - -Blepharoctenia bengaliaria + +Blepharoctenia bengaliaria : -Warren, 1894 +Warren, 1894 , Novit. zool., 1: 428. - -Biston (Cusiala) bengaliaria + +Biston (Cusiala) bengaliaria : -Hampson, 1895 +Hampson, 1895 , Fauna Br. India (Moths), 3: 247. - -Biston bengaliaria + +Biston bengaliaria : -Yazaki, 1992 +Yazaki, 1992 , in Haruta, Tinea, 13 (Suppl. 2): 33. - -Diagnosis. - + +Diagnosis. + The external characters of this species are close to those of -Biston contectaria +Biston contectaria , but it can be distinguished from that species by the following differences: the wings are pale yellow but white in -Biston contectaria +Biston contectaria ; the forewing postmedial line is much narrower and protruding outwards between CuA2 and 1A + 2A, while in -Biston contectaria +Biston contectaria , it is broader and without such a protrusion; the discal spot on the hindwing upperside is large, round, black, while in -Biston contectaria +Biston contectaria it is almost absent; the discal spots on the underside of both wings are larger and heavier. The male genitalia are close to those of -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria , but it can be distinguished by the square apex of the juxta, the shorter median process of the gnathos and the presence of a cornutus which is a short spinous patch. The female genitalia are similar to those of -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria . But it differs in that the corpus bursae is coiled anteriorly; the signum is longer and narrower; the ostium bursae is more strongly sclerotized. - -Material examineds. - + +Material examineds. + CHINA, Yunnan (IZCAS): Yuanjiang, 500 m, 12.V.1957, coll. Liang Qiuzhen, 1♀; Cangyuan, 750 m, 22.V.1980, coll. Song Shimei, 1♂; Xishuangbanna, Menglun, 27.V.1964, coll. Zhang Baolin, 1♂; Xishuangbanna, Bubang, 700 m, 14.IX.1993, coll. Cheng Xinyue, 3♂. Tibet (IZCAS): -Medog +Medog , Beibung, 700-800 m, 11.VI.1983, coll. Lin Zai, 2♂; -Medog +Medog , Yarang, 902-1091 m, 14-23.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun, 6♂. More material from several parts of Yunnan in coll. ZFMK. - -Distribution. -China (Yunnan, Tibet), India, Bengal, Thailand. + +Distribution. +China (Yunnan, Tibet), India, Bengal, Thailand. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/7C/3D/F6/7C3DF63F78199B68387A5B9D14854B00.xml b/data/7C/3D/F6/7C3DF63F78199B68387A5B9D14854B00.xml index ad959471523..9e406b579d2 100644 --- a/data/7C/3D/F6/7C3DF63F78199B68387A5B9D14854B00.xml +++ b/data/7C/3D/F6/7C3DF63F78199B68387A5B9D14854B00.xml @@ -1,98 +1,98 @@ - - - -New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae + + + +New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae - - -Author + + +Author -Webster, Reginald P. +Webster, Reginald P. - - -Author + + +Author -Makepeace, Scott +Makepeace, Scott - - -Author + + +Author -DeMerchant, Ian +DeMerchant, Ian - - -Author + + +Author -Sweeney, Jon D. +Sweeney, Jon D. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2012 - -179 + +2012 + +179 - -11 -26 + +11 +26 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -1313-2970-179-11 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 +1313-2970-179-11 - - - -Dendrophilus punctatus (Herbst, 1792) + + + +Dendrophilus punctatus (Herbst, 1792) Map 7 - -Material examined. - + +Material examined. + New Brunswick, Queens Co., Elm Hill, -45.7140°N +45.7140°N , -66.1315°W +66.1315°W , 27.VI.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest with chicks in a natural cavity in a red oak (1, RWC). - - + + Map 7. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of -Dendrophilus punctatus +Dendrophilus punctatus . - -Collection and habitat data. - + +Collection and habitat data. + In Europe, this species was frequently found in bird nests, granaries, and mills ( -Hinton 1945 +Hinton 1945 ). In Canada, most records of this species were from tree cavities in deciduous trees ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). The specimen from New Brunswick was taken from the nest material of a barred owl in a tree cavity in a red oak ( -Quercus rubra +Quercus rubra L.) during late June. - -Distribution in Canada and Alaska. - + +Distribution in Canada and Alaska. + MB, ON, QC, NB, NS ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). This adventive species is now widespread in North America ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). diff --git a/data/7E/42/E9/7E42E9835438B14DC5AB1BFCECD51249.xml b/data/7E/42/E9/7E42E9835438B14DC5AB1BFCECD51249.xml index 364f110b1a2..d50762ae07d 100644 --- a/data/7E/42/E9/7E42E9835438B14DC5AB1BFCECD51249.xml +++ b/data/7E/42/E9/7E42E9835438B14DC5AB1BFCECD51249.xml @@ -1,117 +1,117 @@ - - - -A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species + + + +A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species - - -Author + + +Author -Jiang, Nan +Jiang, Nan - - -Author + + +Author -Xue, Dayong +Xue, Dayong - - -Author + + +Author -Han, Hongxiang +Han, Hongxiang -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -139 + +2011 + +139 - -45 -96 + +45 +96 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -1313-2970-139-45 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 +1313-2970-139-45 - - - -Biston melacron Wehrli, 1941 + + + +Biston melacron Wehrli, 1941 Figs 4-67097 - - -Biston melacron -Wehrli, 1941 + + +Biston melacron +Wehrli, 1941 , in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 430, pl. 35: h. Syntypes 3♂, China: West Tien-Mu-shan, 1600 m. (ZFMK) - -Biston exotica -Inoue, 1977 + +Biston exotica +Inoue, 1977 , Bull. Fac. domestic Sci., Otsuma -Woman's +Woman's Univ., 13: 322, figs 65-67. Holotype ♂, Japan: Kochi Prefecture, Kubokawa. (BMNH) (Synonymized by -Heppner and Inoue (1992) +Heppner and Inoue (1992) ) - -Diagnosis. - + +Diagnosis. + The external characters of this species are close to those of -Biston marginata +Biston marginata as follows: the male antennae are partially bipectinate and filiform at tip; the for -ewing +ewing postmedial line bilobedly protrudes between M1 and M3, and slightly protrudes outwards between CuA2 and 1A + 2A. But it can be distinguished from -Biston marginata +Biston marginata by the following characters: the hindwing outer margin is concave between M1 and -M +M 3, whereas it is evenly round in -Biston marginata +Biston marginata ; the transverse lines are black but dark brown in -Biston marginata +Biston marginata ; the hindwing postmedial line is waved after M3, but straight in -Biston marginata +Biston marginata ; the transverse lines on the underside of the wings are more conspicuous. The most distinct differences are in the male genitalia: the apex of the uncus is broader and bifurcated, whereas it is narrower and round in -Biston marginata +Biston marginata ; the median process of the gnathos is broader and round terminally, while in -Biston marginata +Biston marginata , it is slenderer and acute apically; the setose area of the valva is much weaker; the juxta is narrower, and sharply pointed apically, while in -Biston marginata +Biston marginata , it is broader and round apically; the cornutus is shortly digitiform, but is thornlike in -Biston marginata +Biston marginata . In the female genitalia ( -Inoue 1977 +Inoue 1977 ), the signum is much longer than in -Biston marginata +Biston marginata . - -Material examineds. - + +Material examineds. + CHINA, Chekiang [Zhejiang] (ZFMK): West Tien-Mu-shan, 1600 m, 27-29.IV.1932, coll. H. -Hoene +Hoene , 3♂ (Syntypes); same data, 25.IV.1932, 1♂; same data, 25.V.1932, 1♂; same locality, 400 m, IV.1936, 1♂. Fukien [Fujian] (ZFMK):Kuatun, 2300 m, 3-7.IV.1938, 11.IV.1946, coll. J. Klapperich, 1♂. Formosa [Taiwan] (ZFMK): Puli, IV.1958, coll. ZSM, 1♂. Sichuan (IZCAS): Mt. Emei, Qingyinge, 800-1000 m, 17. -IV- +IV- 1.V.1957, coll. Zhu Fuxing & Huang Keren, 8♂. - -Distribution. -China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Sichuan), Japan, South Korea. + +Distribution. +China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Sichuan), Japan, South Korea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/85/25/24/852524050750B98920AB11FFFB18BC42.xml b/data/85/25/24/852524050750B98920AB11FFFB18BC42.xml index 011f48caae5..4c809d86af0 100644 --- a/data/85/25/24/852524050750B98920AB11FFFB18BC42.xml +++ b/data/85/25/24/852524050750B98920AB11FFFB18BC42.xml @@ -1,547 +1,547 @@ - - - -A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species + + + +A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species - - -Author + + +Author -Jiang, Nan +Jiang, Nan - - -Author + + +Author -Xue, Dayong +Xue, Dayong - - -Author + + +Author -Han, Hongxiang +Han, Hongxiang -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -139 + +2011 + +139 - -45 -96 + +45 +96 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -1313-2970-139-45 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 +1313-2970-139-45 - - - -Biston Leach, 1815 + + + +Biston Leach, 1815 - - -Biston -Leach, 1815 + + +Biston +Leach, 1815 , -Brewster's +Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, 9: 134. Type species: -Geometra prodromaria - +Geometra prodromaria + Denis & -Schiffermueller +Schiffermueller , 1775 (= -Phalaena strataria +Phalaena strataria ( -Hufnagel, 1767 +Hufnagel, 1767 )), by subsequent designation by -Westwood, 1840 +Westwood, 1840 . - -Dasyphara -Billberg, 1820 + +Dasyphara +Billberg, 1820 , Enumeratio Insect. Mus. G. J. Billberg: 89. Type species: -Geometra prodromaria - +Geometra prodromaria + Denis & -Schiffermueller +Schiffermueller , 1775 . [Junior objective synonym of -Biston +Biston Leach.] - -Pachys - -Huebner + +Pachys + +Huebner , 1822 , Syst.-alphab. Verz.: 38-44, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52. Type species: -Geometra prodromaria - +Geometra prodromaria + Denis & -Schiffermueller +Schiffermueller , 1775 . [Junior objective synonym of Biston Leach.] - -Eubyja - -Huebner + +Eubyja + +Huebner , 1825 , Verz. bekannter Schmett.: 318. Type species: -Phalaena betularia +Phalaena betularia Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation by Grote, 1902. - -Amphidasis -Treitschke, 1825 + +Amphidasis +Treitschke, 1825 , in Ochsenheimer, Schmett. Eur., 5 (2): 434. Type species: -Geometra prodromaria - +Geometra prodromaria + Denis & -Schiffermueller +Schiffermueller , 1775 . [Junior objective synonym of -Biston +Biston Leach.] - -Amphidasys -Sodoffsky, 1837 + +Amphidasys +Sodoffsky, 1837 , Bull. Soc. imp. Nat. Moscou, 10: 90. [Emendation of -Amphidasis +Amphidasis Treitschke.] - -Amphidasea -Unger, 1856 + +Amphidasea +Unger, 1856 , Arch. Ver. Freunde Naturg.-Mecklenb., 10: 61. [Emendation of -Amphidasis +Amphidasis Treitschke.] - -Buzura -Walker, 1863 + +Buzura +Walker, 1863 , List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus., 26: 1531. Type species: -Buzura multipunctaria +Buzura multipunctaria Walker, 1863, by monotypy. - -Culcula -Moore, 1888 + +Culcula +Moore, 1888 , in Hewitson & Moore, Descr. new Indian lepid. Insects Colln late Mr W.S. Atkinson, (3): 266. Type species: -Culcula exanthemata +Culcula exanthemata Moore, 1888, by monotypy. - -Eubyjodonta -Warren, 1893 + +Eubyjodonta +Warren, 1893 , Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 1893: 416. Type species: -Eubyjodonta falcata +Eubyjodonta falcata Warren, 1893, by original designation. - -Blepharoctenia -Warren, 1894 + +Blepharoctenia +Warren, 1894 , Novit. zool., 1: 428. Type species: -Amphidasys bengaliaria - -Guenee +Amphidasys bengaliaria + +Guenee , 1858 , by original designation. - -Epamraica -Matsumura, 1910 + +Epamraica +Matsumura, 1910 , Thousand Insects Japan, (Suppl.) 2: 130. Type species: -Epamraica bilineata +Epamraica bilineata Matsumura, 1910, by monotypy. - -Description. -Head. Antennae bipectinate in male, rami short, moderately long or long, length tapering towards apex, often the distal part of antennae without rami; filiform in female (Figs 1-3). Frons not protruding, smooth-scaled. Tongue well developed. Labial palpus small, with hair-scales, not extending beyond frons. Compound eyes setose. - + +Description. +Head. Antennae bipectinate in male, rami short, moderately long or long, length tapering towards apex, often the distal part of antennae without rami; filiform in female (Figs 1-3). Frons not protruding, smooth-scaled. Tongue well developed. Labial palpus small, with hair-scales, not extending beyond frons. Compound eyes setose. + Thorax. Legs covered with hair-scales. Hind tibia slightly dilated, with two pairs of spurs in both sexes, without hair-pencil. Frenulum developed. Forewing without basal fovea in male, triangular, outer margin straight or waved, hindwing round, outer -margin +margin smooth, sometimes concave between M1 and M3 or protruding between M1 and CuA1. Wings white, pale yellow or greyish brown, transverse lines black, brown or white. Pattern of forewing: antemedial line slightly waved, often accompanied by a band basally; medial line waved, usually inconspicuous; postmedial line waved or dentate, sometimes protruding outwards between M1 and M3 and between CuA2 and 1A + 2A, often accompanied by a band posteriorly; submarginal line sometimes indistinct; terminal line sometimes appearing as a series of short stripes between veins; discal spot black or grey, shortly strip-like, dot-like or elliptic, pale-centred. Hindwing sometimes with basal line; medial line often indistinct, sometimes double; postmedial line waved or dentate, sometimes protruding outwards between M1 and M3; terminal line similar to those of forewing; discal spot sometimes smaller and less conspicuous than on forewing. Terminal spots occasionally present on both wings, wedge-shaped. Underside paler, transverse lines often similar to those of dorsal surface. - + Venation. Forewing: Sc free, R1 and R2 usually stalked (separate in -Biston thoracicaria +Biston thoracicaria ), diverging before anterior angle of cell; R2 sometimes connected by a short transverse bar with R3-4 or R3-5; R3-5 before or from anterior angle of cell, not stalked with M1; M1 from anterior angle of cell; M3 from posterior angle of cell; CuA1 before posterior angle of cell. Hindwing: Sc+R1 close to cell less than onehalf length of cell; Rs before anterior angle of cell; M1 from anterior angle of cell; M2 absent; M3 from posterior angle of cell; CuA1 before or from posterior angle of cell; 3A absent. -Abdomen. Dorsum scattered with transverse lines or dots, sometimes with anal tuft. Third sternite of male abdomen without setal patch. Intersegmental membrane between abdomen and genitalia densely covered with elongate scales which partly developed to spines in a few species. - -Male +Abdomen. Dorsum scattered with transverse lines or dots, sometimes with anal tuft. Third sternite of male abdomen without setal patch. Intersegmental membrane between abdomen and genitalia densely covered with elongate scales which partly developed to spines in a few species. + +Male genitalia. Uncus short and broad, ratio of length to basal width variable, often bifurcate terminally, sometimes bifurcation very shallow or on ventral side below apex, so the latter apparently square or round. Arms of gnathos connected medially, with median process robust or slender, round, acute or square terminally. Valva simple; costa sclerotized, straight or incurved, with terminal half often broadened, bearing long setae from center to apex; sacculus sometimes sinuous. Saccus round or semicircular. Juxta well developed, pointed, or round or flat apically, sometimes elongate, without lateral brushes of long setae, except in -Biston melacron +Biston melacron Wehrli, 1941. Aedeagus often cylindrical, sclerotized dorsally; vesica usually wrinkled, scobinate, with or without cornuti; shape of cornuti various. -Female genitalia. Papillae anales covered with dense setae, occasionally elongate. Apophyses posteriores usually very long. Lamella postvaginalis sometimes present, oval or almost triangular. Ostium bursae occasionally weakly sclerotized. Ductus bursae striated longitudinally, sometimes sclerotized. Corpus bursae often long, membranous, sometimes curved medially, swollen anteriorly, often bearing a signum; signum elliptic, bar-like or irregularly shaped, often with marginal spines, sometimes weakly sclerotized around. +Female genitalia. Papillae anales covered with dense setae, occasionally elongate. Apophyses posteriores usually very long. Lamella postvaginalis sometimes present, oval or almost triangular. Ostium bursae occasionally weakly sclerotized. Ductus bursae striated longitudinally, sometimes sclerotized. Corpus bursae often long, membranous, sometimes curved medially, swollen anteriorly, often bearing a signum; signum elliptic, bar-like or irregularly shaped, often with marginal spines, sometimes weakly sclerotized around. - -Diagnosis. - + +Diagnosis. + The genus -Biston +Biston resembles -Cusiala +Cusiala Moore and -Iulotrichia +Iulotrichia Warren in: the postmedial lines of both wings often protrudes outwards between M1 and M3; the apex of the uncus is often bifurcated. But -Biston +Biston differs from -Cusiala +Cusiala and -Iulotrichia +Iulotrichia in the following characters: the forewing fovea of the male is absent in -Biston +Biston but present in -Cusiala +Cusiala and -Iulotrichia +Iulotrichia ; in the male genitalia, the aedeagus vesica has numerous, very small, spine-like cornuti, arranged as two pair of longitudinal combs in -Cusiala +Cusiala and -Iulotrichia +Iulotrichia , which is absent in -Biston +Biston . The members of -Biston +Biston also resemble -Lycia -Huebner +Lycia +Huebner , 1825 and -Cochisea +Cochisea Barnes & McDunnough, 1916, both of which belong to the former -Bistonini +Bistonini . But both of these genera can be distinguished from -Biston +Biston by the single pair of spurs on the hind tibia, as well as apterous or brachypterous female in -Lycia +Lycia , and absence of the tongue in -Cochisea +Cochisea . - -Distribution. -Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian regions. + +Distribution. +Holarctic, Oriental, and Ethiopian regions. - -Biological notes. - + +Biological notes. + The larva is often twig-like with the characteristic 45 degree resting posture and an obtusely cleft head ( -Holloway 1994 +Holloway 1994 ). -Singh (1953) +Singh (1953) recorded the larva of -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria ( -Guenee +Guenee , 1858). -Issiki et al. (1977) +Issiki et al. (1977) illustrated the larva of -Biston robustum +Biston robustum Butler, 1879. -Yamamoto et al. (1987) +Yamamoto et al. (1987) described and illustrated the larvae of -Biston betularia +Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758), -Biston robustum +Biston robustum , -Biston regalis +Biston regalis (Moore, 1888) and -Biston panterinaria +Biston panterinaria . -Wagner (2001) +Wagner (2001) recorded the larva of -Biston betularia +Biston betularia . -Sato (2001) +Sato (2001) described the larva of -Biston marginata +Biston marginata Shiraki, 1913. -Leong (2009) +Leong (2009) gave a description of the final instar larva and metamorphosis of -Biston pustulata +Biston pustulata . Most species are highly polyphagous. The larval host plants have been recorded from the families -Aceraceae +Aceraceae , -Adoxaceae +Adoxaceae , -Anacardiaceae +Anacardiaceae , -Apocynaceae +Apocynaceae , -Aquifoliaceae +Aquifoliaceae , -Asteraceae +Asteraceae , -Berberidaceae +Berberidaceae , -Betulaceae +Betulaceae , -Bombacaceae +Bombacaceae , -Cannabaceae +Cannabaceae , -Caprifoliaceae +Caprifoliaceae , -Celastraceae +Celastraceae , Compositae ( -Asteraceae +Asteraceae ), -Cornaceae +Cornaceae , -Corylaceae +Corylaceae , -Cupressaceae +Cupressaceae , -Elaeagnaceae +Elaeagnaceae , -Ericaceae +Ericaceae , -Euphorbiaceae +Euphorbiaceae , -Fagaceae +Fagaceae , -Ginkgoaceae +Ginkgoaceae , -Grossulariaceae +Grossulariaceae , Guttiferae ( -Clusiaceae +Clusiaceae ), -Iridaceae +Iridaceae , -Juglandaceae +Juglandaceae , -Lardizabalaceae +Lardizabalaceae , -Lauraceae +Lauraceae , Leguminosae ( -Fabaceae +Fabaceae ), -Lythraceae +Lythraceae , -Meliaceae +Meliaceae , -Melianthaceae +Melianthaceae , -Myricaceae +Myricaceae , -Myrtaceae +Myrtaceae , -Oleaceae +Oleaceae , Palmae, -Pinaceae +Pinaceae , -Platanaceae +Platanaceae , Rha -mnaceae +mnaceae , -Rosaceae +Rosaceae , -Rutaceae +Rutaceae , -Salicaceae +Salicaceae , -Sapindaceae +Sapindaceae , -Sterculiaceae +Sterculiaceae , -Styracaceae +Styracaceae , Solanceae, -Theaceae +Theaceae , -Tiliaceae +Tiliaceae , -Ulmaceae +Ulmaceae , -Verbenaceae +Verbenaceae (summarized from -Inoue 1965 +Inoue 1965 ; -Holloway 1994 +Holloway 1994 ; -Zhang 1994 +Zhang 1994 ; -Parsons et al. 1999 +Parsons et al. 1999 ; -Sato 2001 +Sato 2001 ; -Robinson et al. 2004 +Robinson et al. 2004 ). - -Patocka + +Patocka (2004) and - -Patocka + +Patocka and Turcani (2005) construct a key for the pupae of central European species. -Nakamura (2004) +Nakamura (2004) described and gave a key for the pupae of Japanese species. - -Species-group definitions based on morphology -Group I:melacron, marginata, thoracicaria, betularia, robustum, regalis, mediolata, contectaria, bengaliaria, pustulata, suppressaria. -Male antennae bipectinate, with long rami. Forewing outer margin straight, hindwing outer margin usually smooth, sometimes concave between M1 and M3. Postmedial lines of both wings protruding outwards between M1 and M3. Brown terminal spots absent from both wings. Patch of spines absent posterior to 8th tergite on intersegmental membrane. Male genitalia: gnathos with median process acute or round terminally; terminal half of ventral margin of valva not protruding outwards; juxta elongate or not. Female genitalia: ovipositor with apophyses posteriores elongate. -Group II: brevipennata, quercii, falcata. -Male antennae bipectinate, with long rami. Forewing outer margin waved, hindwing outer margin protruding between M3 and CuA1. Postmedial lines of both wings not protruding outwards between M1 and M3. Brown terminal spots present on ends of forewing R5, M1, M3, CuA1, CuA2, hindwing Rs, M1, M3, CuA1, CuA2. Patch of spines absent posterior to 8th tergite on intersegmental membrane. Male genitalia: gnathos median process round terminally; terminal half of ventral margin of valva protruding outwards; juxta elongate. Female genitalia: ovipositor with apophyses posteriores not elongate. -Group III:perclara, thibetaria, panterinaria. - + +Species-group definitions based on morphology +Group I:melacron, marginata, thoracicaria, betularia, robustum, regalis, mediolata, contectaria, bengaliaria, pustulata, suppressaria. +Male antennae bipectinate, with long rami. Forewing outer margin straight, hindwing outer margin usually smooth, sometimes concave between M1 and M3. Postmedial lines of both wings protruding outwards between M1 and M3. Brown terminal spots absent from both wings. Patch of spines absent posterior to 8th tergite on intersegmental membrane. Male genitalia: gnathos with median process acute or round terminally; terminal half of ventral margin of valva not protruding outwards; juxta elongate or not. Female genitalia: ovipositor with apophyses posteriores elongate. +Group II: brevipennata, quercii, falcata. +Male antennae bipectinate, with long rami. Forewing outer margin waved, hindwing outer margin protruding between M3 and CuA1. Postmedial lines of both wings not protruding outwards between M1 and M3. Brown terminal spots present on ends of forewing R5, M1, M3, CuA1, CuA2, hindwing Rs, M1, M3, CuA1, CuA2. Patch of spines absent posterior to 8th tergite on intersegmental membrane. Male genitalia: gnathos median process round terminally; terminal half of ventral margin of valva protruding outwards; juxta elongate. Female genitalia: ovipositor with apophyses posteriores not elongate. +Group III:perclara, thibetaria, panterinaria. + Male antennaebipectinate, with short rami. Postmedial lines of both wings protruding outwards between M1 and M3. Brown terminal spots absent from both forewing and hindwing. Patch of spines present posterior to 8th tergite on intersegmental membrane. Male genitalia: median process of gnathos round terminally; terminal half of ventral margin of valva protruding outwards; juxta not elongate. Female genitalia: ovipositor with apophyses posteriores elongate ( -Sato 1996 +Sato 1996 ). - - + + Figures 1-3. Antennae of -Biston +Biston . 1 bipectinate, with long rami (male of -Biston melacron +Biston melacron ) 2 bipectinate, with short rami (male of -Biston thibetaria +Biston thibetaria ) 3 filiform (female of -Biston betularia +Biston betularia ). Scale bar = 1 mm. - - + + Key to Chinese -Biston +Biston species - - - - - -Collection and habitat data. - + +Collection and habitat data. + This species is commonly found in woodchuck burrows early in the spring and also in various decaying organic material such as carrion, dung, and decaying mushrooms ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). The specimen from New Brunswick was collected from the entrance of a fox den in May. - -Distribution in Canada and Alaska. - + +Distribution in Canada and Alaska. + MB, ON, QC, NB, NS ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). diff --git a/data/9D/0D/74/9D0D747379E0C77081BD33BE19C0B961.xml b/data/9D/0D/74/9D0D747379E0C77081BD33BE19C0B961.xml index 00e9a987f52..c954e94ab2a 100644 --- a/data/9D/0D/74/9D0D747379E0C77081BD33BE19C0B961.xml +++ b/data/9D/0D/74/9D0D747379E0C77081BD33BE19C0B961.xml @@ -1,119 +1,119 @@ - - - -A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species + + + +A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species - - -Author + + +Author -Jiang, Nan +Jiang, Nan - - -Author + + +Author -Xue, Dayong +Xue, Dayong - - -Author + + +Author -Han, Hongxiang +Han, Hongxiang -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -139 + +2011 + +139 - -45 -96 + +45 +96 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -1313-2970-139-45 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 +1313-2970-139-45 - - - -Biston marginata Shiraki, 1913 + + + +Biston marginata Shiraki, 1913 Figs 7-107198117 - - -Biston marginata -Shiraki, 1913 + + +Biston marginata +Shiraki, 1913 , Spec. Rep. Formosa agric. Exp. Stn, [Special reports No. 8] Publication no. 68: 433, pl. 44. Syntypes, China: Taiwan. - -Biston fragilis -Inoue, 1958 + +Biston fragilis +Inoue, 1958 , Tinea, 4 (2): 254, pl. 34, fig. 30. Holotype ♂, Japan: Oita Prefecture, Saeki. (BMNH) (Synonymized by -Inoue (1965) +Inoue (1965) ) - -Diagnosis. - + +Diagnosis. + The diagnostic characters of external morphology of the species can be seen in the previous species. The male genitalia of the species are close to those of -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria . But it can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: the vesica is less strongly sclerotized posteriorly; the cornutus is small and spine-like but absent in -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria . The female genitalia are similar to those of -Biston betularia +Biston betularia , but they differ in the following characters: the ductus bursae is shorter and the antrum is absent; the corpus bursae is almost even in width, while in -Biston betularia +Biston betularia it is enlarged, wrinkled and weakly sclerotized posteriorly, narrow medially and swollen anteriorly; the signum is oval with several marginal spines, but a transverse bar in -Biston betularia +Biston betularia . - -Material examineds. - + +Material examineds. + CHINA, Fukien [Fujian] (ZFMK): Kuatun, 2300 m, 3.IV.1938, coll. J. Klapperich, 1♂. Formosa [Taiwan] (ZFMK): Nantou, SW Tsuifeng, 2100m, 16.III.1996, coll. Csoevari and Steger, 2♂; Puli, IV.1958, coll. ZSM, 2♂. Hunan (IZCAS): Dongan, 24.II.1955, 4♀; Changning, 1981, 1♀. Guangdong (IZCAS): Guangzhou, VIII.1984, 1♂; Yingde, Chayesuo, 1♂. Guangxi (IZCAS): -Bobai +Bobai , Yunfei, Fenchang, 2-3.I.1986, coll. Wang Jijian, 1♂2♀. Chongqing (IZCAS): Beipei, Jinyunshan, 10-12.II.1987, 1♂1♀. Yunnan (IZCAS): Suining, VII.1980, 1♂. VIETNAM (ZFMK): Tam Dao, 950 m and Fan-si-pan, 1520 m, III.1995, large series of males and a few females. - -Distribution. -China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Chongqing, Yunnan), Japan, Vietnam. - diff --git a/data/9D/3F/B1/9D3FB11519BA69DA1134CB3BA3C2FB5A.xml b/data/9D/3F/B1/9D3FB11519BA69DA1134CB3BA3C2FB5A.xml index 64a067fb432..fd36b469a22 100644 --- a/data/9D/3F/B1/9D3FB11519BA69DA1134CB3BA3C2FB5A.xml +++ b/data/9D/3F/B1/9D3FB11519BA69DA1134CB3BA3C2FB5A.xml @@ -1,94 +1,94 @@ - - - -A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species + + + +A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species - - -Author + + +Author -Jiang, Nan +Jiang, Nan - - -Author + + +Author -Xue, Dayong +Xue, Dayong - - -Author + + +Author -Han, Hongxiang +Han, Hongxiang -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -139 + +2011 + +139 - -45 -96 + +45 +96 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -1313-2970-139-45 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 +1313-2970-139-45 - - - -Biston brevipennata Inoue, 1982 + + + +Biston brevipennata Inoue, 1982 Figs 4382109 - - -Biston brevipennata -Inoue, 1982b + + +Biston brevipennata +Inoue, 1982b , Bull. Fac. domestic Sci., Otsuma -Woman's +Woman's Univ., 18: 176, figs 40e, 41b. Holotype ♂, Nepal: Lete, 2400 m near Nilgiri. (BMNH) - -Diagnosis. -The present species can be distinguished from the other species in group II by the following characters: smaller sized (length of forewing: 23-25 mm in male); the forewing outer margin is less waved; the band basally of the forewing antemedial line is much thinner; the speckles scattered on the wings are dark brown, not black. In the male genitalia, the apex of the uncus is broader and shallowly bifurcated but narrower and round in the others; the juxta is more sharply pointed at tip. + +Diagnosis. +The present species can be distinguished from the other species in group II by the following characters: smaller sized (length of forewing: 23-25 mm in male); the forewing outer margin is less waved; the band basally of the forewing antemedial line is much thinner; the speckles scattered on the wings are dark brown, not black. In the male genitalia, the apex of the uncus is broader and shallowly bifurcated but narrower and round in the others; the juxta is more sharply pointed at tip. - -Material examineds. -CHINA, Tibet (IZCAS): Gyirong, 18.VI.-23.VII.1984, coll. Yan Zhaoxing and Pu Qiongzhi, 2♂; Zham, 2200 m, 25.VI.1975, coll. Wang Ziqing, 1♂. + +Material examineds. +CHINA, Tibet (IZCAS): Gyirong, 18.VI.-23.VII.1984, coll. Yan Zhaoxing and Pu Qiongzhi, 2♂; Zham, 2200 m, 25.VI.1975, coll. Wang Ziqing, 1♂. - -Distribution. -China (Tibet), Nepal. - diff --git a/data/9D/F4/51/9DF451CC2EDC51F4CAE54BCBD57DDFB7.xml b/data/9D/F4/51/9DF451CC2EDC51F4CAE54BCBD57DDFB7.xml index d1be18eced5..23602b534b6 100644 --- a/data/9D/F4/51/9DF451CC2EDC51F4CAE54BCBD57DDFB7.xml +++ b/data/9D/F4/51/9DF451CC2EDC51F4CAE54BCBD57DDFB7.xml @@ -1,118 +1,118 @@ - - - -New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae + + + +New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae - - -Author + + +Author -Webster, Reginald P. +Webster, Reginald P. - - -Author + + +Author -Makepeace, Scott +Makepeace, Scott - - -Author + + +Author -DeMerchant, Ian +DeMerchant, Ian - - -Author + + +Author -Sweeney, Jon D. +Sweeney, Jon D. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2012 - -179 + +2012 + +179 - -11 -26 + +11 +26 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -1313-2970-179-11 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 +1313-2970-179-11 - - - -Platysoma deficiens (Casey, 1924) + + + +Platysoma deficiens (Casey, 1924) Map 9 - -Material examined. - + +Material examined. + New Brunswick, Charlotte Co., Oak Bay, 6.VII.1928, L. J. Simpson, from -Ips pini +Ips pini tunnels (1, AFC). Sunbury Co., Acadia Research Forest, -45.9866°N +45.9866°N , -66.3841°W +66.3841°W , 18-24.VI.2009, 24-30.VI.2009, 18-31.VIII.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. -Giguere +Giguere , mature (110 year-old) red spruce forest with scattered red maple and balsam fir, Lindgren funnel traps (3, AFC, RWC). York Co., Taymouth, 29.VI.1929 (no collector given) (1, AFC); Fredericton, 22.VI.1929, L. J. Simpson, (1, AFC); 15 km W of Tracy off Rt. 645, -45.6848°N +45.6848°N , -66.8821°W +66.8821°W , 21-28.VI.2009, 7-14.VII.2009, 4-11.VIII.2009, 11-18.VIII.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. -Giguere +Giguere , old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel traps (4, AFC, RWC); same locality data but 6.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. -Giguere +Giguere , old red pine forest, under bark scales of recently fallen red pine (4, RWC); 14 km WSW of Tracy, S of Rt. 645, -45.6741°N +45.6741°N , -66.8661°W +66.8661°W , 10-26.V.2010, R. Webster & C. MacKay, old mixed forest with red and white spruce, red and white pine, balsam fir, eastern white cedar, red maple, and -Populus +Populus sp., Lindgren funnel traps (6, AFC). - - -Collection and habitat data. - + +Collection and habitat data. + This species is found under bark of dead pines ( -Pinus +Pinus spp.), spruce ( -Picea +Picea spp.), and larches ( -Larix +Larix sp.) ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). In New Brunswick, specimens were collected from -Ips pini +Ips pini tunnels, from under bark scales of a recently fallen red pine, and in Lindgren funnel traps in a variety of forest types with conifers. Adults were collected during May, June, July, and August. - -Distribution in Canada and Alaska. - + +Distribution in Canada and Alaska. + AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). diff --git a/data/A6/88/21/A688215605D51FE5BDCF7BE256DE52ED.xml b/data/A6/88/21/A688215605D51FE5BDCF7BE256DE52ED.xml index b7db5923796..20d6da8dd32 100644 --- a/data/A6/88/21/A688215605D51FE5BDCF7BE256DE52ED.xml +++ b/data/A6/88/21/A688215605D51FE5BDCF7BE256DE52ED.xml @@ -1,209 +1,209 @@ - - - -A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species + + + +A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species - - -Author + + +Author -Jiang, Nan +Jiang, Nan - - -Author + + +Author -Xue, Dayong +Xue, Dayong - - -Author + + +Author -Han, Hongxiang +Han, Hongxiang -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -139 + +2011 + +139 - -45 -96 + +45 +96 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -1313-2970-139-45 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 +1313-2970-139-45 - - - -Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + +Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758) Figs 13-1873, 74100, 101119, 120 - - -Phalaena(Geometra) betularia -Linnaeus, 1758 + + +Phalaena(Geometra) betularia +Linnaeus, 1758 , Syst. Nat., (Ed. 10) 1: 521. Syntype(s), Europe. (LSL) - -Phalaena (Noctua) p-graecum -Poda, 1761 + +Phalaena (Noctua) p-graecum +Poda, 1761 , Insecta Musei Graecensis: 90. Syntype(s). (Synonymized by -Wehrli (1941) +Wehrli (1941) ) - -? marmoraria + +? marmoraria Sepp, 1792, Nederlandsche Insecten, 2: pl. 10, pl. 11, Syntype(s), Netherlands. (Treated as a synonym of Biston betularia betularia by -Parsons et al. (1999) +Parsons et al. (1999) ) - -Phalaena (Geometra) ulmaria -Borkhausen, 1794 + +Phalaena (Geometra) ulmaria +Borkhausen, 1794 , Natur. eur. Schmett., 5: 181. Syntype(s), Europe. (Treated as a synonym of -Biston betularia betularia +Biston betularia betularia by -Parsons et al. (1999) +Parsons et al. (1999) ) - -Eubyja betularia + +Eubyja betularia : - -Huebner + +Huebner , 1825 , Verz. bekannter Schmett.: 318. - -Amphidasis huberaria + +Amphidasis huberaria Ballion, 1866, Horae Soc. ent. ross., 4: 29, pl. 1, fig. 1. Syntype(s), Russia: Western Siberia, near Omsk. (ZISP) (Synonymized by Vijdalepp, (1979)) - -Amphidasys betularia var. doubledayaria - -Milliere + +Amphidasys betularia var. doubledayaria + +Milliere , 1870 , Iconogr. Descr. Chenilles -Lepid +Lepid . -inedits +inedits , 3: 117, pl. 111, fig. 1. Syntypes, including at least 3♂, 4♀, England. (Synonymized by -Wehrli (1941) +Wehrli (1941) ) - -Eurbyjodonta concinna -Warren, 1899 + +Eurbyjodonta concinna +Warren, 1899 , Novit. zool., 6: 50. Holotype ♂, Kazakhstan?: Ili district. (BMNH) (Synonymized by -Wehrli (1941) +Wehrli (1941) ) - -Biston betularia + +Biston betularia : -Prout, 1915 +Prout, 1915 , in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4: 358, pl. 19: g. - -Biston cognataria alexandrina -Wehrli, 1941 + +Biston cognataria alexandrina +Wehrli, 1941 , in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 432, pl. 36: a. Syntypes 4♂, Kirghizstan: Alexander Mountains. (ZFMK) (Treated as a synonym of -Biston betularia betularia +Biston betularia betularia by -Parsons et al. (1999) +Parsons et al. (1999) ) - -Biston (Eubyjodonta) huberaria tienschana -Wehrli, 1941 + +Biston (Eubyjodonta) huberaria tienschana +Wehrli, 1941 , in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 435, pl. 36: d, g. Holotype ♂, China: Xinjiang, -Ueruemqi +Ueruemqi , Tian-shan. (ZFMK) (Treated as a synonym of -Biston huberaria +Biston huberaria by -Parsons et al. (1999) +Parsons et al. (1999) ) - -Biston cognataria sinitibetica -Wehrli, 1941 + +Biston cognataria sinitibetica +Wehrli, 1941 , in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 433, pl. 36: a. Syntypes ♂, ♀, China (west): Kangding. (ZFMK) (Treated as a synonym of -Biston betularia parva +Biston betularia parva Leech, 1897 by -Parsons et al. (1999) +Parsons et al. (1999) ) - -Diagnosis. -See the previous species. + +Diagnosis. +See the previous species. - -Material examineds. - + +Material examineds. + CHINA, Xinjiang (ZFMK): Urumtschi, Tian-schan, 1♂ (Holotype of -Biston huberaria tienschana +Biston huberaria tienschana ). Szetschwan [Sichuan] (ZFMK): Tachien-lu [Kangding], 1♂ (Holotype of -Biston cognataria sinitibetica +Biston cognataria sinitibetica Wehrli, 1941). Heilongjiang -( +( IZCAS): Dailing, 390 m, 3-9.VII.1962, coll. Bai Jiuwei, 3♂; Jiamusi, 23.VIII.1970, coll. Song Shimei, 1♂; Wuchang, 8-10.VII.1970, 2♂2♀. Jilin (IZCAS): Changbaishan, 2-13.VII.1982, coll. Zhang Baolin, 10♂2♀; Beipiao, 1984, coll. Liu Jin, 1♂. Inner Mongolia (IZCAS): Wuchagou, 21.VII.1981, 1♂; Jiwen, 15-27.VII.1982, 1♂1♀; Genhe, 4.VII.1983, 1♂1♀; Xilin Gol, 1100 m, 21.VII.1985, coll. Liu Dajun, 2♂; Oragxan, 4.VII.1983, 1♀; Oragxan, 27.VI.1985, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Chen Barag, Bayan Hure, 2-3.VII.1986, 1♂1♀; Oroqen, Alihe, 31.VII.1986, coll. Gong Yushan, 1♂; Dayangshu, 20-23.VI.1983, coll. Xue Dayong, 2♂1♀. Beijing (IZCAS): Sanpu, 16.VII.1965, 1♂; Baihuashan, 16. -VII- +VII- 1.VIII.1972, coll. Han Yinheng and Zhang Baolin, 8♂; Mentougou, Xiaolongmen, 1100 m, 23.VI.2001, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Mentougou, Liyuanling, 1100 m, 11-12.VIII.2004, coll. Li Hongmei, 1♂. Hebei (IZCAS): Chengde, 11.VI.1980, 2♂; Chicheng, Longmensuo, Liuzhuangzi, 10-11.VIII.2006, coll. Yang Chao, 1♂1♀. Shanxi (IZCAS):Yuncheng, Zhongtiaoshan, coll. Cao Tianwen, 4♂. Henan (IZCAS): Linxian, 1981, 1♂; Lingbao, Chuankou, 20.VII.1981, 1♂. Shaanxi (IZCAS): Huangbaiyuan, 13.VII.1980, coll. Zhang Baolin, 1♂; -Yan'an +Yan'an , 5.VI.1981, 3♂2♀; Taibai, 3.VII.1981, 1♀; Liuba, 1020 m, 18.VII.1998, coll. Zhang Xuezhong, 2♂. Ningxia (IZCAS): Jingyuan, 1998-2295 m, 25.VI.-10.VII.2008, coll. Song Wenhui, 32♂1♀; Longde, 2165-2330 m, 3-5.VII.2008, coll. Song Wenhui, 11♂2♀. Gansu (IZCAS): Yongdeng, Liancheng Linchang, 20. -VII- +VII- 15.VIII.1985, coll. Meng Feng, 2♂; Yongdeng, Tulugou, 2280 m, 25-29.VII.1991, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂3♀; Yongdeng, Liancheng Linchang, Tulugou, 2600 m, 8.VIII.2005, coll. Li Jing and Han Hongxiang, 2♂; Zhuoni, 2500 m, 4.IX.1990, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Kangxian, Baiyunshan, 1250-1750 m, 12.VII.1998, coll. Yao Jian, 1♂; Zhouqu, Shatan Linchang, 2350 m, 4-5.VII.1998, coll. Wang Hongjian and Wang Shuyong, 18♂2♀; Zhouqu, Shatan Linchang, 2357 m, 22.VIII.2001, coll. Cao Xiuwen, 1♂; Diebu, Anzigou, 20. -VI- +VI- 20.VII.2000, 4♂; Dangchang, 1800 m, 7.VII.1998, coll. Yao Jian, 3♂; Wenxian, Qiujiaba, 2350 m, 7-22.VII.1999, coll. Yao Jian, 3♂1♀; Wenxian, Tielou, 1450 m, 24.VII.1999, coll. Zhu Chaodong, 8♂. Qinghai (IZCAS): Menyuan, Xianmi, 2800 m, 23-24.VII.1992, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂5♀; Huanglin, 17.VII.1977, coll. Zhang Baolin, 1♂; Huzhu, Beishan, 2300 m, 30.VII.1991, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Huzhu, Beishan Linchang, Langshidang, 2600 m, 6-7.VIII.2005, coll. Xue Dayong, 4♂3♀; Tongren, Maixiu, 2950 m, 30. -VII- +VII- 1.VIII.1992, coll. Xue Dayong, 14♂2♀; Xining, 6.VII.1981, 1♀. Xinjiang (IZCAS): -Ueruemqi +Ueruemqi , 21.VI.1965, 2♂; -Ueruemqi +Ueruemqi , 1974.VI.22, coll. Chen Yixin, 1♂; Aksu, 19.VII.1982, 1♂. Fujian (IZCAS): Mt. Wuyi, Sangang, 5-9.VI.1983, coll. Wang Linyao, 4♂. Sichuan (IZCAS): Batang, 1974, 8♂; Mt. Emei, Qingyinge, 800-1000 m, 1.V.1957, coll. Huang Keren, 1♂; Kangding, 30. -VI- +VI- 6.VII.1979, coll. Chen Tailu, 8♂1♀. Yunnan (IZCAS): Deqin, 3250 m, 15.VII.1982, coll. Wang Shuyong, 2♂; Xiaozhongdian, 3100 m, 31.VII.1984, coll. Chen Yixin, 1♀; Lijiang, Shiyan Linchang, 2460 m, V.1979, 1♂; Lijiang, Yulongshan, 2700-2850 m, 17-27.VII.1984, coll. Chen Yixin and Liu Dayun, 4♂1♀; Lijiang, Yuhu, 2700 m, 27.VII.1984, coll. Liu Dayun, 1♂; Lijiang, Gaoshan Zhiwuyuan, 3260 m, 15-18.VI.2009, coll. Qi Feng, 1♂; Cuishan, Shatanshao, 2300 m, 13.VIII.1980, 1♂; Kunming, Jinzhusi, 1880 m, 15.VIII.1980, 1♂; Yongping, Beidou, Qianmatang, 2200 -m +m , 10.VIII.1980, 1♂. Tibet (IZCAS): Qamdo, 19.VIII.1984, coll. Jiang Basang, 1♀; Markam, Pula, 23.VII.1984, coll. Jiang Basang, 2♂; Nyingchi, Shang -Zayue +Zayue , 1960 m, 21-23.VIII.2005, coll. Wang Xuejian, 6♂; Nyingchi, Bayi, 2999 m, 1-3.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun, 2♀; Mainling, Pai, Zhuanyunzhan, 2883 m, 4-6.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun, 1♀; Yadong, 2800 m, 8.VI.1961, coll. Wang Linyao, 1♂; Yadong, 14.VI.1983, coll. Wangjia Tsering, 1♀. MONGOLIA (IZCAS): Batshireet, Hentiy, 1108 m, 29.VI.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 20♂; Binder, Henity, 1032 m, 29. -VI- +VI- 1.VII.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 20♂5♀; Dadal, Hentiy, 944 m, 2.VII.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 10♂; Choybalsan, Dornod, 733 m, 6.VII.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 2♂. More material from Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Yunnan in coll. ZFMK. - -Distribution. -China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), Russia, Mongolia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Nepal, Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Europe, North America. + +Distribution. +China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), Russia, Mongolia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Nepal, Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Europe, North America. - -Remarks. - + +Remarks. + There are two subspecies of -Biston betularia +Biston betularia distributed in China, they are -Biston betularia parva +Biston betularia parva Leech, 1897 ( -Biston robustum +Biston robustum var. parva Leech, 1897, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (6) 19: 323. Syntypes 1♂, 2♀, China: Kangding. (BMNH)) (Figs 13-16, 73, 100, 119) and -Biston betularia nepalensis +Biston betularia nepalensis Inoue, 1982 ( -Biston betularia nepalensis +Biston betularia nepalensis Inoue, 1982, Bull. Fac. domest. Sci. Otsuma Wom. Univ., 18: 175, figs 40a, b. Holotype ♂, Nepal: Tukcha, near Daulagiri. (BMNH)) (Figs 17-18, 74, 101, 120). In China, the former is widely distributed in the greater part of the country, the latter is distributed in Yunnan and Tibet, and can be distinguished from the former by the weaker transverse lines and the blunter projections of the postmedian lines on both wings. diff --git a/data/AC/FB/B3/ACFBB33E06CDF22771DF9DF17062DFA6.xml b/data/AC/FB/B3/ACFBB33E06CDF22771DF9DF17062DFA6.xml index 66ebf5b5c3c..54155880aa9 100644 --- a/data/AC/FB/B3/ACFBB33E06CDF22771DF9DF17062DFA6.xml +++ b/data/AC/FB/B3/ACFBB33E06CDF22771DF9DF17062DFA6.xml @@ -1,212 +1,212 @@ - - - -A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species + + + +A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species - - -Author + + +Author -Jiang, Nan +Jiang, Nan - - -Author + + +Author -Xue, Dayong +Xue, Dayong - - -Author + + +Author -Han, Hongxiang +Han, Hongxiang -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -139 + +2011 + +139 - -45 -96 + +45 +96 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -1313-2970-139-45 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 +1313-2970-139-45 - - - - + + + + Biston suppressaria ( -Guenee +Guenee , 1858) Figs 33-4080107123 - - -Amphidasys suppressaria - -Guenee + + +Amphidasys suppressaria + +Guenee , 1858 , in Boisduval & -Guenee +Guenee , Hist. nat. Insectes (Spec. -gen +gen . -Lepid +Lepid .), 9: 210. Syntypes 1♂, 2♀, central India. - -Buzura multipunctaria -Walker, 1863 + +Buzura multipunctaria +Walker, 1863 , List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus., 26: 1531. Syntypes 3♂♀, Silhet? (BMNH) - -Biston suppressaria + +Biston suppressaria : -Hampson, 1895 +Hampson, 1895 , Fauna Br. India (Moths), 3: 247. - -Buzura suppressaria + +Buzura suppressaria : -Prout, 1915 +Prout, 1915 , in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4: 360, pl. 19: i. - -Buzura suppressaria benescripta -Prout, 1915 + +Buzura suppressaria benescripta +Prout, 1915 , in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4: 360. Holotype ♂, China: Chung-king. (BMNH), syn. n. - -Biston (Buzura) suppressaria + +Biston (Buzura) suppressaria : -Wehrli, 1941 +Wehrli, 1941 , in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 436. - -Biston (Buzura) suppressaria f. benesparsa -Wehrli, 1941 + +Biston (Buzura) suppressaria f. benesparsa +Wehrli, 1941 , in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 436, pl. 36: f. Holotype ♂, China: Hunan, -Hoeng-shan +Hoeng-shan . (ZFMK) - -Biston luculentus -Inoue, 1992 + +Biston luculentus +Inoue, 1992 , Bull. Fac. domest. Sci. Otsuma Wom. Univ., 28: 171, figs 59, 60, 62-64. Holotype ♂, Thailand: Chanthaburi, Khao Soi Dao, 400 m. (UOS), syn. n. - -Diagnosis. - + +Diagnosis. + This species is very close to -Biston pustulata +Biston pustulata , but we can distinguish it by the following characters: the protrusion between M1 and M3 of the forewing postmedial line is shorter, shallowly bilobed and sometimes round; the projection between M1 and M3 of the hindwing postmedial line is round. In the male genitalia, it differs in the round apex of the juxta. The diagnostic characters of the female genitalia can be seen in -Biston bengaliaria +Biston bengaliaria . - -Material examineds. - + +Material examineds. + CHINA, Hunan (ZFMK): -Hoeng-shan +Hoeng-shan , 900m, 25.V.1933, coll. H. -Hoene +Hoene , 1♂ (Holotype of -Biston suppressaria benesparsa +Biston suppressaria benesparsa ). Henan: Lingshan, 350 m, 25.V.1999, coll. Shen Xiaocheng, 1♂. Shaanxi (IZCAS): Foping, 900 m, 27.VI.1999, coll. Zhu Chaodong, 1♂. Jiangsu (IZCAS): 2.VIII.1933, 1♂1♀. Anhui (IZCAS): Huainan, 19. -VII- +VII- 2.VIII.1981, 2♂. Zhejiang (IZCAS): Hangzhou, 19. -VII- +VII- 15.VIII.1972, coll. Liu Youqiao, 7♂; Hangzhou, 16. -VII- +VII- 1.VIII.1973, coll. Liu Youqiao and Zhang Baolin, 6♂1♀; Hangzhou, 22. -V- +V- 17.VI.1976, coll. Chen Yin, 1♂; Tianmushan, V.1936, 2♀; Tianmushan, 30.VII.1972, coll. Liu Youqiao, 2♂; Tianmushan, 24-25.VII.1973, coll. Zhang Baolin, 2♂; Taishun, Siqianzhen, 250 m, 4.VIII.2005, coll. Lang Songyun, 12♂; Taishun, Wuyanling, 400-680 m, 29.VII.-1.VIII.2005, coll. Lang Songyun, 10♂; Hubei (IZCAS):Zigui, Jiulingtou, 220-300 m, 23. -VI- +VI- 25.VII.1993, coll. Song Shimei and Yao Jian, 8♂1♀; Xingshan, Longmenhe, 1350 m, -21 +21 . -VI- +VI- 25.VII.1993, coll. Song Shimei and Huang Runzhi, 3♂; Badong, Sanxia Linchang, 180 m, 13-14.V.1994, coll. Li Wenzhu, 2♂; Dangyang, 1980, 1♂. Jiangxi (IZCAS): Dayu, 18.VII.1975, coll. Song Shimei and Zhang Baolin, 2♂; Jiulianshan, 30-31.VII.1975, coll. Song Shimei, 4♂; Dadishan, X.1980, 1♂; Xinyu, VII.1980, 1♂; Boyang, VII.1980, 1♂. Hunan (IZCAS): Changsha, Weishengwusuo, 3.V.1979, coll. Gan Yuankai, 1♂; Yueyang, VI.1981, 1♂; Cili, -IV- +IV- 17.V.1981, 2♂; Fenghuang, 16.IX.1988, coll. Song Shimei, 1♀. Fujian (IZCAS): Mt. Wuyi, Huangxizhou, 500 m, 29.VII.2006, coll. Yang Chao, 1♂; Nanjing, 24.VII.1973, coll. Chen Yixin, 1♂; Sanming, 13. -VII- +VII- 29.VIII.1981, coll. Xiao Hu, 3♂; Jiangle, Longqishan, 10.VIII.1991, coll. Song Shimei, 1♂. Guangdong (IZCAS): Boluo, III.1973, 3♂; Guangzhou, 29.V.1973, coll. Zhang Baolin, 1♂; Guangzhou, VII.1985, coll. Su Xing, 1♂; Yingde, Chayesuo, 30.VII.1979, 1♂; Zhiwuyuan, 13.VI.1978, 1♂. Hainan (IZCAS): Danzhou, Liangyuan, 130 m, 16.V.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang and Lang Songyun, 3♂1♀; Limushan, 26.V.1984, 1♀; Qiongzhong, Limuling, 14.V.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang, 1♂; Baisha, Yinggeling, 434 m, 4-5.IV.2008, coll. Lang Songyun, 7♂1♀; Wuzhishan, Shuiman, 730-900 m, 3-8.V.2007, coll. Lang Songyun, 3♂; Tongshi, 340 m, 28.V.1973, coll. Chen Yixin, 1♂; Baoting, 80 m, 23.V.1973, coll. Chen Yixin, 1♂; Wanning, 60 m, 13. -VI- +VI- 29.VII.1963, coll. Zhang Baolin, 3♂1♀; Wanning, Xinglong, 41 m, 21.III.2008, coll. Lang Songyun, 1♂; Ledong, Jianfengling, 70-828 m, 17-21.V.2009, coll. Yan Keji, 11♂; Ledong, Jianfengling, 828 m, 24-27.III.2008, coll. Lang Songyun, 1♂1♀; Lingshui, Diaoluoshan, 260 m, 5.V.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang and Lang Songyun, 3♂1♀. Guangxi (IZCAS): Longsheng, 10-11.VI.1980, coll. Wang Linyao, 6♂1♀; Guilin, Yanshan, 19.VII.1976, coll. Zhang Baolin, 1♂; Guilin, 23.VI.1980, coll. Zhang Baolin, 1♂; Yulin, 400 m, 15.X.1983, coll. Luo Zhubiao, 1♂; Jinxiu, 200-1100 m, 10-20.V.1999, coll. Han Hongxiang et al., 14♂; Napo, Baihe, 440 m, 7.IV.1998, coll. Wu Chunsheng, 1♂; Qinzhou, 15.IV.1980, coll. Cai Rongquan, 1♂; Nanning, 13.IV.1980, 2♂; Pingxiang, 230 m, 8-17.VI.1976, 5♂2♀. Sichuan (IZCAS):Mt. Emei, Qingyinge, 800-1000 m, 20.V.1957, coll. Zhu Fuxing, 1♀; Yibin, Cuipingshan, 13.VIII.1981, coll. Zhang Yuelan, 1♂. Guizhou (IZCAS): Shibing, Ganxi, 690 m, 29.IV.1979, coll. Liu Wanzhao, 1♀; Jiangkou, Fanjingshan, 500 m, 11.VII.1988, coll. Li Wei, 3♂1♀. Yunnan (IZCAS): Baoshan, Bawan, 1100 m, 19-23.V.1992, coll. Xue Dayong, 2♂; Yongshan, 800 m, 30.IV.1979, 1♀; Lushui, 1250 m, 26.IV.1979, 1♀; Yuxi, Yuanjiang, 4.VII.1978, coll. Jiang Zhaolong, 1♂; Funing, Boyi, 250 m, 17.IV.1998, coll. Zhu Chaodong, 1♂; Cangyuan, 750 m, 19-22.V.1980, coll. Li Hongxing et al., 3♂; Ruili, Dengga, 980 m, 11. -V- +V- 8.VI.1992, coll. Xue Dayong, 3♂; Wanding, 400 m, 10.VI.1992, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Xinping, Mosha, 800 m, 9.VIII.1980, 2♂; Jingdong, 1170 m, 21. -IV- +IV- 9.VI.1956, coll. Zagwryyw, 2♂; Xishuangbanna, Damenglong, 650 m, 13.VIII.1958, coll. Zhang Yiran, 1♂; Xishuangbanna, Mengzhe, 1200 m, 8.IX.1958, coll. Wang Shuyong, 1♀; Xishuangbanna, 580-700 m, 13-14.IX.1993, coll. Xu Huanli et al, 3♂; Yiwu, Banna, Menglun, 650 m, 29. -IV- +IV- 2.V.1964, coll. Zhang Baolin, 2♀. Tibet (IZCAS): -Medog +Medog , Yarang, 1091 m, 20-23.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun, 1♂. More material from Zhejiang, Hubei, Guangdong, Sichuan and Yunnan in coll. ZFMK. - -Distribution. -China (Henan, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet); India; Burma; Nepal. + +Distribution. +China (Henan, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet); India; Burma; Nepal. - -Remarks. - -Prout (1915) + +Remarks. + +Prout (1915) mentioned that -Biston suppressaria benescripta +Biston suppressaria benescripta (Prout, 1915) can be distinguished from -Biston suppressaria suppressaria +Biston suppressaria suppressaria ( -Guenee +Guenee , 1858) by the more obvious transverse lines, the absence of the median yellow band and the sparser black dots on the wings. However, after the examination of a long series of material, we find that the form with these variations occurs sympatrically with the nominotypical subspecies, such as in Hunan (Figs 33, 35) and Hainan (Figs 37, 38). And there is no genital difference between the two subspecies. So, we treat -Biston suppressaria benescripta +Biston suppressaria benescripta as a junior synonym of -Biston suppressaria suppressaria +Biston suppressaria suppressaria . - -Biston luculentus + +Biston luculentus Inoue, 1992, described from SE. Thailand, is similar to -Biston suppressaria benescripta +Biston suppressaria benescripta , but has the transverse lines even more clearly expressed (e.g. see fig. 37 which is almost identical with -Biston luculentus +Biston luculentus ). Like -Biston suppressaria benescripta +Biston suppressaria benescripta , also the -Biston luculentus +Biston luculentus form occurs sympatrically with typical -Biston suppressaria suppressaria +Biston suppressaria suppressaria or with -Biston suppressaria benesparsa +Biston suppressaria benesparsa Wehrli, the latter being a rather rare form, at many places. Also at the type locality of -Biston luculentus +Biston luculentus (Prov. Chanthaburi, Khao Soi Dao) it occurs together with typical suppressaria (coll. ZFMK) Comparison of the genitalia of the two revealed no differences. Thus we follow -Stuening +Stuening (in litt.) and synonymize -Biston luculentus +Biston luculentus with -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria . Besides, we also believe that the strange, almost patternless female figured by -Inoue (1992) +Inoue (1992) as paratype of -Biston luculentus +Biston luculentus , belongs to another, still unidentified species. diff --git a/data/AF/DE/6F/AFDE6FE08189FE4A8A035CD872C54B57.xml b/data/AF/DE/6F/AFDE6FE08189FE4A8A035CD872C54B57.xml index e99de8a84ef..41dee6779fc 100644 --- a/data/AF/DE/6F/AFDE6FE08189FE4A8A035CD872C54B57.xml +++ b/data/AF/DE/6F/AFDE6FE08189FE4A8A035CD872C54B57.xml @@ -1,105 +1,105 @@ - - - -A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species + + + +A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species - - -Author + + +Author -Jiang, Nan +Jiang, Nan - - -Author + + +Author -Xue, Dayong +Xue, Dayong - - -Author + + +Author -Han, Hongxiang +Han, Hongxiang -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -139 + +2011 + +139 - -45 -96 + +45 +96 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -1313-2970-139-45 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 +1313-2970-139-45 - - - -Biston perclara (Warren, 1899) + + + +Biston perclara (Warren, 1899) Fig. 54 - - -Blepharoctenia perclara -Warren, 1899 + + +Blepharoctenia perclara +Warren, 1899 , Novit. zool., 6: 49. Holotype ♂, China: Taiwan, Keelung. (BMNH) - -Cusiala bengaliaria cerea + +Cusiala bengaliaria cerea Bastelberger, 1909, Dt. ent. Z. Iris, 22: 177. Holotype ♀, China: Taiwan. (Synonymized by -Prout (1914) +Prout (1914) ) - -Epamraica bilineata -Matsumura, 1910 + +Epamraica bilineata +Matsumura, 1910 , Thousand Insects Japan, (Suppl.) 2: 130, pl. 28, fig. 1. Syntypes ♀, Japan; China: Taiwan. (Synonymized by -Prout (1914) +Prout (1914) ) - -Biston perclara + +Biston perclara : -Prout, 1914 +Prout, 1914 , Ent. Mitt., Berlin 3: 264. - -Diagnosis. - + +Diagnosis. + The external characters of this species are similar to those of -Biston thibetaria +Biston thibetaria as follows: the forewing antemedial line and the postmedial lines of both wings are black and thick; black patches are present distally of the forewing postmedial line between M1 and M3, reaching the outer margin; another smaller black patch is present distally of the forewing postmedial line below M3. But in this species the broad bands placed basally of the antemedial line of the forewing and distally of the postmedial lines of -both +both wings are pale yellow and indistinct, whereas they are yellowish green and distinct in -Biston thibetaria +Biston thibetaria ; the discal spots of both wings are less distinct or have completely vanished; the forewing postmedial line is straight between CuA2 and 1A + 2A, while it is slightly excurved in -Biston thibetaria +Biston thibetaria . The male genitalia of the species are almost identical to those of -Biston thibetaria. +Biston thibetaria. But the median process of the gnathos of the species is truncate apically and the incision of posterior margin of the juxta is less deep. - -Material examineds. -CHINA, Taiwan(ZFMK): Hueison Forest, Nantou, 570-800 m, 28-29.IX.1992, coll. F. Aulombard and J. Plante, 1♂. A large series from different localities of Taiwan in coll. ZFMK. + +Material examineds. +CHINA, Taiwan(ZFMK): Hueison Forest, Nantou, 570-800 m, 28-29.IX.1992, coll. F. Aulombard and J. Plante, 1♂. A large series from different localities of Taiwan in coll. ZFMK. - -Distribution. -China (Taiwan), Japan. + +Distribution. +China (Taiwan), Japan. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/B4/7B/3B/B47B3BAF581D6F47C3505259282C5378.xml b/data/B4/7B/3B/B47B3BAF581D6F47C3505259282C5378.xml index 7565c672aa4..35fa2b6e4c9 100644 --- a/data/B4/7B/3B/B47B3BAF581D6F47C3505259282C5378.xml +++ b/data/B4/7B/3B/B47B3BAF581D6F47C3505259282C5378.xml @@ -1,197 +1,197 @@ - - - -A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species + + + +A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species - - -Author + + +Author -Jiang, Nan +Jiang, Nan - - -Author + + +Author -Xue, Dayong +Xue, Dayong - - -Author + + +Author -Han, Hongxiang +Han, Hongxiang -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -139 + +2011 + +139 - -45 -96 + +45 +96 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -1313-2970-139-45 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 +1313-2970-139-45 - - - -Biston falcata (Warren, 1893) + + + +Biston falcata (Warren, 1893) Figs 46 --5384-88111-113125- +-5384-88111-113125- 127 - - -Eubyjodonta falcata -Warren, 1893 + + +Eubyjodonta falcata +Warren, 1893 , Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 1893 (2): 416. Syntypes ♂, India: Sikkim. (BMNH) - -Biston falcata + +Biston falcata : -Hampson, 1895 +Hampson, 1895 , Fauna Br. India (Moths), 3: 246. - -Biston emarginaria -Leech, 1897 + +Biston emarginaria +Leech, 1897 , Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (6) 19: 322, pl. 7, fig. 8. Holotype ♀, China: Sichuan, Pu-tsu-fong. (BMNH), syn. n. - -Amphidasis erilda - -Oberthuer + +Amphidasis erilda + +Oberthuer , 1910 , -Etudes -Lepid +Etudes +Lepid . comp., 4: 677, pl. 51, fig. 435. Holotype ♂, China: Yunnan, Tse-Kou. (ZFMK), syn. n. - -Amphidasis clorinda - -Oberthuer + +Amphidasis clorinda + +Oberthuer , 1910 , -Etudes -Lepid +Etudes +Lepid . comp., 4: 677, pl. 51, fig. 434. Syntype(s), China (west): Tse-Kou, syn. n. - -Biston falcata clorinda + +Biston falcata clorinda : -Parsons et al., 1999 +Parsons et al., 1999 , Geometrid Moths of the World, a Catalogue, 1: 86. - -Biston falcata satura + +Biston falcata satura Wehrli, comb. n. - -Diagnosis. - + +Diagnosis. + The diagnostic characters of the external mophology and the male genitalia can be seen in the preceding species. In the female genitalia, the species can be distinguished from other congeners by the following characters: the apophyses posteriores are short, about twice the length of apophyses anteriores; the ductus bursae is sclerotized and striated longitudinally, about one-third the length of corpus bursae; the -corpus +corpus bursae is weakly sclerotized and striated posteriorly; the signum usually consists of two small separate sclerotized patches. - -Material examineds. - + +Material examineds. + CHINA, Yunnan (ZFMK): Tse-kou, coll. R. P. Dubernard, 1895, 1♀ (Holotype of -Biston falcata clorinda +Biston falcata clorinda ); Tse-kou, coll. R. P. Dubernard, 1900, 1♂(Holotype of -Amphidasis erilda +Amphidasis erilda ); Shaanxi (ZFMK): Tapai-shan im Tsinling, Sued-Shensi, 25.VI.1935, coll. H. -Hoene +Hoene , 1♂ (Holotype of -Biston erilda satura +Biston erilda satura ); Zhejiang (ZFMK):West-tien-mu-shan, 1♂; Sichuan (ZFMK): Chasseurs -Indigenes +Indigenes de Ta-tsien-lou, -Recolte +Recolte de 1910,1♀; Sichuan (BMNH): Pu-tsu-fong,2993 m, -VI-VII +VI-VII .1890, coll. Native, 1♀. (Holotype of -Biston emarginaria +Biston emarginaria ). Ningxia(IZCAS): Jingyuan, 2052-2084 m, 29.VI.-2.VII.2008, coll. Sun Wenhui, 3♂; Longde, Sutai Linchang, 2165 m, 6.VII.2008, coll. Song Wenhui, 2♂. Gansu(IZCAS): Zhouqu, Shatan Linchang, 4-7.VII.1998, coll. Yao Jian et al., 17♂;Zhouqu, Shatan Linchang, 2400 m, 4-16.VII.1999, coll. Yao Jian et al., 17♂4♀;Wenxian, Baishuijiang, IX.1986, coll. Wang Hongjian, 1♂; Wenxian, Qiujiaba, 2350 m, 21-29.VII.1999, coll. Chen Jun et al., 9♂; Shalin, 2357 m, 25. -VI- +VI- 28.VII.2002, coll. Cao Xiuwen, 2♂; Wushan, Tanyu, 26.VII.1990, coll. Deng Lianhai, 1♂; Kangxian, Qinghe Linchang, 1400 m, 8.VII.1999, coll. Zhu Chaodong, 1♀; Renmingchi, 2450 m, 30.VII.2002, 1♀; Baishuijiang, VII.1986, coll. Wang Hongjian, 1♀. Sichuan(IZCAS):Wenchuan, Wolong, 1920 m, 24-29.VII.1983, coll. Wang Shuyong et al., 4♂; Wenchuan, Wolong, 1900 m, 27.VIII.1982, coll. Chen Yuanqing, 1♀; Mt. Emei, Jiulaodong, 1800-1900 m, coll. Huang Keren, 2♂; Gonggashan, Yanzigou, 2350 m, 3.VI.1983, coll. Zhang Xuezhong, 1♂; Luding, Moxi, Hailuogou, 2821-3155 m, 15-17.V.2009, coll. Li Jing, 2♂. Yunnan(IZCAS): Lijiang, Yulongshan, 2700-2800 m, 27.VII.1984, coll. Chen Yixin and Liu Dayun, 3♂; Lijiang, Yulongshan, 2680-3296 m, 15-23.VI.2009, coll. Han Hongxiang et al., 18♂; Jizushan, 2500 m, 30.VI.1980, 1♂; Yiliang, 200 m, 13.VII.1979, 1♂; Yiliang, 20.VII.1982, coll. Wang Linyao, 1♂; Diqing, Xiaozhongdian, Linyechang, 3700 m, 28.VII.1979, coll. Yan Baiqun, 1♀; Xiaozhongdian, 3100 m, 30.VII.1984, coll. Liu Dayun, 1♂; Tengchong, 2500 m, 2-4.VI.1992, coll. Xue Dayong, 3♂. Tibet (IZCAS): Nyingchi, -Pelung +Pelung , Mamba, 2115 m, 1-2.IX.2005, coll. Wang Xuejian, 1♂; Nyingchi, Bayi, 2999 m, 1-3.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun, 2♂; Mainling, Pai, 2883 m, 4-6.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun, 7♂; Bomi, -Yi'ong +Yi'ong , 2300-2750 m, 28-31.VIII.1983, coll. Han Yinheng and Lin Zai, 2♂; Bomi, -Yi'ong +Yi'ong , Tangmai, 2079 m, 29-30.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun, 1♂; -Medog +Medog , 1060-3213 m, 7-13.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun, 3♂; Cona, Mama, 2900 m, 6.VIII.1974, coll. Huang Fusheng, 1♀; Nyalam, Zham, 2250 m, 9-20.V.1974, coll. Zhang Xuezhong, 3♂; Zham, Qu, 3300 m, 6-7.VII.1975, coll. Huang Fusheng and Wang Ziqing, 2♂; Gyirong, 2800-3300 m, 26. -VII- +VII- 8.VIII.1975, coll. Wang Ziqing and Huang Fusheng, 3♂3♀; Gyirong, Gongshe, 28.VIII.1984, coll. Yan Zhaoxing, 1♂; Yadong, 2800 m, 23.VII.1960, coll. Wang Chunguang, 1♂; Yadong, 10.VIII.1982, coll. Wangjia Tsering, 2♂; Yadong, Linchang, 29.VIII.1984, Li Aihua, 1♀. Large series of material from Yunnan (ssp. falcata) and Shaanxi (ssp. satura Wehrli) in coll. ZFMK. - -Distribution. -China (Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Nepal. + +Distribution. +China (Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet), India, Nepal. - -Remarks. - + +Remarks. + After examinating the types of -Amphidasis erilda -Oberthuer +Amphidasis erilda +Oberthuer , 1910, -Amphidasis clorinda -Oberthuer +Amphidasis clorinda +Oberthuer , 1910, -Biston emarginaria +Biston emarginaria Leech, 1897, -Biston erilda satura +Biston erilda satura Wehrli, 1941 and a large series of material from China and the neighbouring regions it became obvious that -Biston emarginaria +Biston emarginaria (only females known) and -Amphidasis clorinda +Amphidasis clorinda (female holotype known only) are all females of -Amphidasis erilda +Amphidasis erilda . The external and genital features of -Amphidasis erilda +Amphidasis erilda , on the other hand, turned out to be almost identical or fall within the range of variation of -Biston falcata +Biston falcata . Thus we treat -Biston emarginaria +Biston emarginaria , -Amphidasis erilda +Amphidasis erilda , -Amphidasis clorinda +Amphidasis clorinda as junior synonyms of -Biston falcata +Biston falcata . -Biston erilda satura +Biston erilda satura , as described by Wehrli (1941), is treated as a valid subspecies, but has be combined newly with -Biston falcata +Biston falcata , as explained above. Thus, two Chinese subspecies of -Biston falcata +Biston falcata are -Biston falcata falcata +Biston falcata falcata (Warren, 1893) and -Biston falcata satura +Biston falcata satura (Wehrli, 1941). In China, the former is distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet (Figs 46, 48-51, 84-86, 112, 125,126), the latter is distributed in Shaanxi, Ningxia and Gansu (Figs 47, 52, 53, 87, 88, 113, 127). There are some intraspecific variations between individuals of -Biston falcata +Biston falcata , for example, in the the male genitalia, the apical part of the valva varies from broad to narrow in the same region, such as Gansu (Figs 87, 88) and Tibet (Figs 85, 86); in the female genitalia, the signum usually consists of two small separate sclerotized patches, sometimes there is only one signum or the signum is very tiny, and the position of the signum is variable individually. diff --git a/data/B4/F8/2D/B4F82D829B30D692B9C7A7EB4A458C8D.xml b/data/B4/F8/2D/B4F82D829B30D692B9C7A7EB4A458C8D.xml index 9c123643fef..5f3ac614baa 100644 --- a/data/B4/F8/2D/B4F82D829B30D692B9C7A7EB4A458C8D.xml +++ b/data/B4/F8/2D/B4F82D829B30D692B9C7A7EB4A458C8D.xml @@ -1,131 +1,131 @@ - - - -A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species + + + +A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species - - -Author + + +Author -Jiang, Nan +Jiang, Nan - - -Author + + +Author -Xue, Dayong +Xue, Dayong - - -Author + + +Author -Han, Hongxiang +Han, Hongxiang -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -139 + +2011 + +139 - -45 -96 + +45 +96 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -1313-2970-139-45 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 +1313-2970-139-45 - - - -Biston contectaria (Walker, 1863) + + + +Biston contectaria (Walker, 1863) Figs 25, 2677104 - - -Amphidasis contectaria -Walker, 1863 + + +Amphidasis contectaria +Walker, 1863 , List Specimens lepid. Insects Colln Br. Mus., 26: 1529. Holotype ♀, India. (BMNH) - -Biston + +Biston ( -Cusiala +Cusiala ) bengaliaria f. contectaria: -Hampson, 1895 +Hampson, 1895 , Fauna Br. India (Moths), 3: 248. - -Biston contectaria + +Biston contectaria : -Yazaki, 1992 +Yazaki, 1992 , in Haruta, Tinea, 13 (Suppl. 2): 33. - -Diagnosis. - + +Diagnosis. + The external characters of this species are close to those of -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria and -Biston inouei +Biston inouei Holloway, 1994 (Borneo), but it can be distinguished from those species by the following differences: this species (length of forewing: 27-28 mm in male) is larger than -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria and smaller than -Biston inouei +Biston inouei ; the protrusion between M1 and M3 of the forewing postmedial line is relatively acute, but blunt or bilobed in -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria and -Biston inouei +Biston inouei ; the hindwing basal line is more distinct in -Biston contectaria +Biston contectaria and -Biston inouei +Biston inouei ; the projection between M1 and M3 of the the hindwing postmedial line is relatively acute in -Biston contectaria +Biston contectaria and -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria , but blunt in -Biston inouei +Biston inouei . In the male genitalia, the apex of the uncus is broader than that of -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria and -Biston inouei +Biston inouei , and is almost not bifurcated; the median process of the gnathos is shorter and round distally, whereas it is longer and pointed in -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria and -Biston inouei +Biston inouei ; the costa and the ventral margin of the valva are curved, while those of -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria and - -Biston + +Biston inouei are less curved or even incurved or concavely curved; the costa is expanded and has dense setae basally, while it is straight in -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria and -Biston inouei +Biston inouei ; the juxta is shorter and less pointed apically. - -Material examineds. -CHINA, Yunnan (IZCAS):Yunxian, Xingfuzhen, 103 m, 2.VIII.1980, coll. Yang Tianshou, 1♂; Tengchong, Dahaoping, 2020 m, 24-26.V.1992, coll. Xue Dayong, 6♂; Tengchong, Heinitang, 1930 m, 28-30.V.1992, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Dulongjiang, 1500 m, 29.V.2006, coll. Xiao Ningnian, 1♂. More material from several parts of Yunnan in coll. ZFMK. + +Material examineds. +CHINA, Yunnan (IZCAS):Yunxian, Xingfuzhen, 103 m, 2.VIII.1980, coll. Yang Tianshou, 1♂; Tengchong, Dahaoping, 2020 m, 24-26.V.1992, coll. Xue Dayong, 6♂; Tengchong, Heinitang, 1930 m, 28-30.V.1992, coll. Xue Dayong, 1♂; Dulongjiang, 1500 m, 29.V.2006, coll. Xiao Ningnian, 1♂. More material from several parts of Yunnan in coll. ZFMK. - -Distribution. -China (Yunnan), India, Nepal. + +Distribution. +China (Yunnan), India, Nepal. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/C5/5A/85/C55A85E7F4811D5F51C3836B882CD895.xml b/data/C5/5A/85/C55A85E7F4811D5F51C3836B882CD895.xml index 392f8ca8339..6f1f008357b 100644 --- a/data/C5/5A/85/C55A85E7F4811D5F51C3836B882CD895.xml +++ b/data/C5/5A/85/C55A85E7F4811D5F51C3836B882CD895.xml @@ -1,109 +1,109 @@ - - - -New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae + + + +New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae - - -Author + + +Author -Webster, Reginald P. +Webster, Reginald P. - - -Author + + +Author -Makepeace, Scott +Makepeace, Scott - - -Author + + +Author -DeMerchant, Ian +DeMerchant, Ian - - -Author + + +Author -Sweeney, Jon D. +Sweeney, Jon D. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2012 - -179 + +2012 + +179 - -11 -26 + +11 +26 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -1313-2970-179-11 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 +1313-2970-179-11 - - - -Margarinotus confusus Wenzel, 1944 + + + +Margarinotus confusus Wenzel, 1944 Map 14 - -Material examined. - + +Material examined. + New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve, -46.1964°N +46.1964°N , -67.6340°W +67.6340°W , 31.V.2005, M.-A. -Giguere +Giguere & R. Webster, old -mixed +mixed forest, in moist leaf litter at the margin of a vernal pond (1, RWC); Lower Woodstock, -46.1192°N +46.1192°N , -67.5795°W +67.5795°W , 7.V.2008, R. P. Webster, pasture, entrance to fox den (3, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, -45.8430°N +45.8430°N , -66.7275°W +66.7275°W , 5.V.2006, R. P. Webster, in porcupine dung at the entrance of a porcupine den (1, RWC). - - -Collection and habitat data. - + +Collection and habitat data. + This species has been collected in woodchuck ( -Marmota monax +Marmota monax (L.)) burrows and carrion ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). In New Brunswick, adults were collected from the entrance of a fox ( -Vulpes +Vulpes sp.) den, the entrance of a porcupine den in dung, and in moist leaf litter on the margin of a vernal pond. Adults were collected during May. - -Distribution in Canada and Alaska. - + +Distribution in Canada and Alaska. + ON, QC, NB, NS ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). diff --git a/data/CB/5D/96/CB5D96183F1FC19A83F7D99B1CF11683.xml b/data/CB/5D/96/CB5D96183F1FC19A83F7D99B1CF11683.xml index 09becfbca63..3a3c4868b82 100644 --- a/data/CB/5D/96/CB5D96183F1FC19A83F7D99B1CF11683.xml +++ b/data/CB/5D/96/CB5D96183F1FC19A83F7D99B1CF11683.xml @@ -1,134 +1,134 @@ - - - -A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species + + + +A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species - - -Author + + +Author -Jiang, Nan +Jiang, Nan - - -Author + + +Author -Xue, Dayong +Xue, Dayong - - -Author + + +Author -Han, Hongxiang +Han, Hongxiang -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -139 + +2011 + +139 - -45 -96 + +45 +96 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -1313-2970-139-45 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 +1313-2970-139-45 - - - - + + + + Biston thoracicaria ( -Oberthuer +Oberthuer , 1884) Figs 11, 127299118 - - -Jankowskia thoracicaria - -Oberthuer + + +Jankowskia thoracicaria + +Oberthuer , 1884 , -Etudes +Etudes ent., 9: 26, pl. 2, fig. 8. 4 Syntypes 4♂♀, Russia: Sidemi. (ZFMK) - -Lycia tortuosa -Wileman, 1911 + +Lycia tortuosa +Wileman, 1911 , Trans. ent. Soc. Lond., 1911 (2): 310, pl. 30, fig. 1, pl. 31, fig. 27. Holotype ♂, Japan: Oshima, Tobetsu. (BMNH) (Synonymized by -Inoue, (1976) +Inoue, (1976) ) - -Biston thoracicaria + +Biston thoracicaria : -Prout, 1915 +Prout, 1915 , in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4: 359, pl. 19: g. - -Diagnosis. - + +Diagnosis. + The external characters of this species are close to those of -Biston betularia +Biston betularia as follows: the male antennae are partially bipectinate and filiform at apex; the forewing postmedial line protrudes outwards between M1 and M3 and between CuA2 and 1A + 2A; the discal spots of both wings are stripe-like. But it can be distinguished from -Biston betularia +Biston betularia by the following characters: distinctly smaller; the wing colour is dark brown, but greyish black in -Biston betularia +Biston betularia ; the hindwing basal line is present, but absent in -Biston betularia +Biston betularia ; the forewing R1 and R2 are separate, but stalked in -Biston betularia +Biston betularia . In the male genitalia, the apex of the uncus and the median process of the gnathos are more slender than those of -Biston betularia +Biston betularia ; the valva is more slender and longer; the juxta is much narrower; the cornutus is small and spine-like, whereas -Biston betularia +Biston betularia has two kinds of cornuti, one is a large bundle of spines, the other is a small tuft of spines. In the female genitalia, the corpus bursae is curved in the anterior half, while in -Biston betularia +Biston betularia , it is expanded posteriorly and narrow medially; the signum is elliptic, with several small marginal spines, whereas it is bar-like and without marginal spines in -Biston betularia +Biston betularia . - -Material examineds. - + +Material examineds. + RUSSIA (ZFMK): Sidemi, coll. -Oberthuer +Oberthuer , 2♂ (Syntypes); Dairen, Mantschourie, coll. H. -Hoene +Hoene , 1♂ (Syntype). CHINA, Shaanxi (ZFMK): Tsinling, Tapaishan, coll. H. -Hoene +Hoene , 8♂1♀. Shantung [Shandong] (ZFMK): Tai-Shan, 1550 m, coll. H. -Hoene +Hoene , large seriesincluding 3♀. Jiangsu (ZFMK): Nanking, Lungtan, coll. H. -Hoene +Hoene , 3♂; Zhejiang (ZFMK): East-tien-mu-shan, coll. H. -Hoene +Hoene , 3♂; Yuennan[Yunnan] (ZFMK): Li-kiang, coll. H. -Hoene +Hoene ,1♂. Beijing (IZCAS): 5.VII.1949, 1♀; VII.1972, coll. Zhang Baolin, 3♂; Baihuashan, 9.VII.1973, coll. Han Yinheng, 1♀. Hebei (IZCAS): Yibao, 12.VIII.1972, coll. Zhang Baolin, 3♂. Henan (IZCAS): Xinyang, Jigongshan, 250 m, 20-21.VII.2002, coll. Han Hongxiang, 1♂. Shaanxi (IZCAS): Huangbaiyuan, 13.VII.1980, coll. Zhang Baolin, 1♂. -Gansu +Gansu (IZCAS): Wenxian, Bikou, 720 m, 28.VII.1999, coll. Yao Jian, 1♂. Zhejiang (IZCAS): Tianmushan, 4.V.1980, coll. Cai Rongquan, 1♂. Hubei (IZCAS): Shennongjia, Shouge, 900 m, 18.VI.1981, coll. Han Yinheng, 2♂. - -Distribution. -China (Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Yunnan), Russia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea. + +Distribution. +China (Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Yunnan), Russia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/data/D4/31/84/D43184945D91378A09B86A45080F517F.xml b/data/D4/31/84/D43184945D91378A09B86A45080F517F.xml index ee3ce5bb750..22488c8f975 100644 --- a/data/D4/31/84/D43184945D91378A09B86A45080F517F.xml +++ b/data/D4/31/84/D43184945D91378A09B86A45080F517F.xml @@ -1,143 +1,143 @@ - - - -New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae + + + +New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae - - -Author + + +Author -Webster, Reginald P. +Webster, Reginald P. - - -Author + + +Author -Makepeace, Scott +Makepeace, Scott - - -Author + + +Author -DeMerchant, Ian +DeMerchant, Ian - - -Author + + +Author -Sweeney, Jon D. +Sweeney, Jon D. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2012 - -179 + +2012 + +179 - -11 -26 + +11 +26 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -1313-2970-179-11 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 +1313-2970-179-11 - - - -Gnathoncus barbatus Bousquet & Laplante, 1999 + + + +Gnathoncus barbatus Bousquet & Laplante, 1999 Map 3 - -Material examined. - + +Material examined. + New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Benton, -45.9961°N +45.9961°N , -67.5864°W +67.5864°W , 24.V.2007, Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest in natural tree cavity (1, RWC). Queens Co., Pleasant Villa, -45.7023°N +45.7023°N , -66.1732°W +66.1732°W , 15.VI.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest in natural tree cavity (4, RWC, NBM); McAlpines near Upper Hampstead Rd., -45.7250°N +45.7250°N , -66.1200°W +66.1200°W , 3.VI.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest in natural tree cavity (4, RWC, NBM); Rees, near Grand Lake, -46.0016°N +46.0016°N , -65.9466°W +65.9466°W , 29.V.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in nest contents of barred owl in an artificial nest box (8, NBM). Sunbury Co., Noonan, -45.9923°N +45.9923°N , -66.4099°W +66.4099°W , 2.VI.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl from tree hole 7 m high in red maple, damp organic material with small bones (1, NBM);Acadia Research Forest, -45.9866°N +45.9866°N , -66.3841°W +66.3841°W , 2-9.VI.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. -Giguere +Giguere , mature (100 year-old) red spruce forest with scattered red maple and balsam fir, Lindgren funnel trap (1, AFC). Westmorland Co., Sackville near Ogden Mill, -45.9216°N +45.9216°N , -64.3893°W +64.3893°W , 12.V.2006, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in great horned owl nest (2, RWC, NBM). York Co., Charters Settlement, -45.8428°N +45.8428°N , -66.7278°W +66.7278°W , in decayed mushrooms, 16.IX.2004, R. P. Webster (1, RWC); Keswick Ridge, -46.0040°N +46.0040°N , -66.8776°W +66.8776°W , 23.V.2006, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest in natural tree cavity (2, RWC, NBM); Pokiok Settlement (String Bog), -45.9101°N +45.9101°N , -67.1235°W +67.1235°W , 26.VI.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest in natural tree cavity (1, RWC); Marysville, -45.9750°N +45.9750°N , -66.5700°W +66.5700°W , 22.VI.2007, S. Makepeace & R. Webster, in barred owl nest, with dry organic material and remains of squirrel, birds, and insect parts (4, RWC, NBM). - - -Collection and habitat data. - + +Collection and habitat data. + Little information was previously known about the habitat and biology of this species. -Bousquet and Laplante (2006) +Bousquet and Laplante (2006) reported one specimen from porcupine ( -Erethizon dorsatum +Erethizon dorsatum (L.)) dung piled in a cavity at the base of an old sugar maple ( -Acer saccharum +Acer saccharum Marsh.). Most specimens from New Brunswick were collected from nest material of barred owl nests (most with chicks) in natural cavities in trees or in artificial nest boxes. Others were collected from a great horned owl -( -Bubo virginianus +( +Bubo virginianus Gmelin) nest, decaying mushrooms, and a Lindgren funnel trap. This species is probably associated with birds and possibly mammals that nest in tree cavities. The nest contents of the barred owls and great horned owl contained decaying animal remains, and often many -Diptera +Diptera larvae were present on which the predaceous histerid adults and larvae were probably feeding. Adults were collected during May, June, and September. - -Distribution in Canada and Alaska. - + +Distribution in Canada and Alaska. + BC, AB, ON, QC, NB, NS ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). diff --git a/data/D4/F0/93/D4F093DA544AF2AE61B739D947B0898D.xml b/data/D4/F0/93/D4F093DA544AF2AE61B739D947B0898D.xml index 52fd0aac23e..5a242f377ea 100644 --- a/data/D4/F0/93/D4F093DA544AF2AE61B739D947B0898D.xml +++ b/data/D4/F0/93/D4F093DA544AF2AE61B739D947B0898D.xml @@ -1,122 +1,122 @@ - - - -A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species + + + +A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species - - -Author + + +Author -Jiang, Nan +Jiang, Nan - - -Author + + +Author -Xue, Dayong +Xue, Dayong - - -Author + + +Author -Han, Hongxiang +Han, Hongxiang -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2011 - -139 + +2011 + +139 - -45 -96 + +45 +96 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 -1313-2970-139-45 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 +1313-2970-139-45 - - - -Biston pustulata (Warren, 1896) -New to the fauna of China + + + +Biston pustulata (Warren, 1896) +New to the fauna of China Figs 31, 3279106 - - -Buzura pustulata -Warren, 1896 + + +Buzura pustulata +Warren, 1896 , Novit. zool., 3: 401. Holotype ♂, Peninsular Malaysia: Perak. (BMNH) - -Biston pustulata + +Biston pustulata : -Holloway, 1994 +Holloway, 1994 , Malay. Nat. J.,47: 210, pl. 12, fig. 452. - -Description. -Head. Male antennae about two-fifths length of forewing, bipectinate in basal two-thirds, filiform in terminal one-third, rami long, length of longest ramus about three and half times diameter of antennal shaft. Frons not protruding, smoothscaled, with basal half pale yellow, upper half black. Labial palpus black, small, pale yellow apically, not extending beyond frons. Vertex pale yellow. -Thorax. Dorsum white-dotted with black scales. Patagia and tegulae white, mottled with black scales, yellow apically. Posterior margin of metanotum with two pairs of pale yellow spots. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs in male, slightly dilated, without hair-pencil. Forewing length: male 29 mm. Forewing outer margin straight, hindwing round. Wings greyish white, dotted with pale grey scales. Pattern of forewing: antemedial line black, slightly waved, distinct, accompanied by a pale yellow band basally; medial line pale yellow, indistinct; postmedial line black, distinct, bilobedly protruding outwards between M1 and M3, then incurved, protruding outwards between CuA2 and 1A + 2A; a pale yellow band distally of postmedial line; black patches present between M1 and CuA1 distally of postmedial line and reaching outer margin between M1 and M3; submarginal line white, dentate; terminal line a series of short black strips between veins; fringe yellow mixed with black; discal spot present as grey dot. Hindwing with basal line black; medial line pale yellow, indistinct; postmedial line black, acutely protruding outwards between M1 and M3; a pale yellow band distally of postmedial line, scattered with black scales; submarginal line and fringe similar to those of forewing; terminal line less distinct than that of forewing; discal spot smaller. Underside pale yellow, transverse lines dark grey, similar to those of upper side, discal spots black, more distinct than those of upper side. -Abdomen. Dorsum greyish white, dotted with black scales, anal tuft pale yellow. Setal patch absent on third sternite of male abdomen. -Male genitalia. Uncus with bifurcate apex, about two-thirds length of basal width. Gnathos with median process slender, pointed terminally, equal to length of uncus. Valva compressed, about twice as long as basal width; costa sclerotized, straight, bearing long setae from center to apex. Saccus semicircular. Juxta long and broad, terminal half triangular, with pointed apex. Coremata not developed. Aedeagus cylindrical, striated posteriorly; vesica scobinate, without cornuti. + +Description. +Head. Male antennae about two-fifths length of forewing, bipectinate in basal two-thirds, filiform in terminal one-third, rami long, length of longest ramus about three and half times diameter of antennal shaft. Frons not protruding, smoothscaled, with basal half pale yellow, upper half black. Labial palpus black, small, pale yellow apically, not extending beyond frons. Vertex pale yellow. +Thorax. Dorsum white-dotted with black scales. Patagia and tegulae white, mottled with black scales, yellow apically. Posterior margin of metanotum with two pairs of pale yellow spots. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs in male, slightly dilated, without hair-pencil. Forewing length: male 29 mm. Forewing outer margin straight, hindwing round. Wings greyish white, dotted with pale grey scales. Pattern of forewing: antemedial line black, slightly waved, distinct, accompanied by a pale yellow band basally; medial line pale yellow, indistinct; postmedial line black, distinct, bilobedly protruding outwards between M1 and M3, then incurved, protruding outwards between CuA2 and 1A + 2A; a pale yellow band distally of postmedial line; black patches present between M1 and CuA1 distally of postmedial line and reaching outer margin between M1 and M3; submarginal line white, dentate; terminal line a series of short black strips between veins; fringe yellow mixed with black; discal spot present as grey dot. Hindwing with basal line black; medial line pale yellow, indistinct; postmedial line black, acutely protruding outwards between M1 and M3; a pale yellow band distally of postmedial line, scattered with black scales; submarginal line and fringe similar to those of forewing; terminal line less distinct than that of forewing; discal spot smaller. Underside pale yellow, transverse lines dark grey, similar to those of upper side, discal spots black, more distinct than those of upper side. +Abdomen. Dorsum greyish white, dotted with black scales, anal tuft pale yellow. Setal patch absent on third sternite of male abdomen. +Male genitalia. Uncus with bifurcate apex, about two-thirds length of basal width. Gnathos with median process slender, pointed terminally, equal to length of uncus. Valva compressed, about twice as long as basal width; costa sclerotized, straight, bearing long setae from center to apex. Saccus semicircular. Juxta long and broad, terminal half triangular, with pointed apex. Coremata not developed. Aedeagus cylindrical, striated posteriorly; vesica scobinate, without cornuti. - -Diagnosis. - + +Diagnosis. + This species is similar to -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria (see below). - -Material examineds. -CHINA, Hainan (IZCAS): Ledong, Jianfengling, Tianchi, 808 m, 18.V.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 1♂. + +Material examineds. +CHINA, Hainan (IZCAS): Ledong, Jianfengling, Tianchi, 808 m, 18.V.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang, 1♂. - -Distribution. -China (Hainan); S. Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sundaland. + +Distribution. +China (Hainan); S. Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, Sundaland. - - -Remarks + + +Remarks . - + The Hainan specimen is different from specimens of Bornean material in the distinct transverse lines and the more acute projection between M1 and M3 of the hindwing postmedial line. However, the male genitalia of the Hainan specimen are almost indentical to those of -Biston pustulata +Biston pustulata from Borneo which were illustrated by - -Holloway + +Holloway (1994) . Thus we classify the Hainan specimen as -Biston pustulata +Biston pustulata . If these differences prove constant in a larger number of specimens, the Hainan population should be described as a separate subspecies. - diff --git a/data/DB/6E/B3/DB6EB3D4D9F601EE384B39DD6E3C40A9.xml b/data/DB/6E/B3/DB6EB3D4D9F601EE384B39DD6E3C40A9.xml index 2406493c420..6f305f70e0b 100644 --- a/data/DB/6E/B3/DB6EB3D4D9F601EE384B39DD6E3C40A9.xml +++ b/data/DB/6E/B3/DB6EB3D4D9F601EE384B39DD6E3C40A9.xml @@ -1,100 +1,100 @@ - - - -New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae + + + +New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae - - -Author + + +Author -Webster, Reginald P. +Webster, Reginald P. - - -Author + + +Author -Makepeace, Scott +Makepeace, Scott - - -Author + + +Author -DeMerchant, Ian +DeMerchant, Ian - - -Author + + +Author -Sweeney, Jon D. +Sweeney, Jon D. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2012 - -179 + +2012 + +179 - -11 -26 + +11 +26 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -1313-2970-179-11 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 +1313-2970-179-11 - - - -Margarinotus cognatus (J. E. LeConte, 1844) + + + +Margarinotus cognatus (J. E. LeConte, 1844) Map 13 - -Material examined. - + +Material examined. + New Brunswick, Gloucester Co., 3 Vinot Rd. (Duguayville), 17.VI.1941, E. Dugway, 41-L68 (FIS) (1, AFC). York Co., Charters Settlement, -45.8340°N +45.8340°N , -66.7450°W +66.7450°W , 8.VIII.2006, 14.VIII.2006, 20.VIII.2006, R. P. Webster, baited with well-decayed gilled and boletus mushrooms (7, RWC); 15 km W of Tracy off Rt. 645, -45.6848°N +45.6848°N , -66.8821°W +66.8821°W , 28. -VI- +VI- 7.VII.2009, R. Webster & M.-A. -Giguere +Giguere , old red pine forest, Lindgren funnel trap (1, AFC). - - -Collection and habitat data. - + +Collection and habitat data. + Most adults from New Brunswick were collected from well-decayed gilled and boletus mushrooms that had been placed in an opening in a 20-year-old regenerating mixed forest. One individual was caught in a Lindgren funnel trap deployed in an old red pine forest. Adults were collected during June, July, and August. Little was previously known about the biology of this species ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ). - -Distribution in Canada and Alaska. - + +Distribution in Canada and Alaska. + ON, QC, NB, NS ( -Bousquet and Laplante 2006 +Bousquet and Laplante 2006 ).
-Biston brevipennata + + + + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - + - - - + + - - - + + - - - + + - - + + - - + - - - + + - - + + - - - + + - - - + + - - - + + - - + + - - + - - + - - +
+Biston brevipennata
-Biston quercii +
+Biston quercii
-Biston falcata +
+Biston falcata
- -Biston +
+ +Biston perclara
-Biston thibetaria +
+Biston thibetaria
-Biston panterinaria +
+Biston panterinaria
13 -Biston mediolata +
13 +Biston mediolata
13 -Biston contectaria +
13 +Biston contectaria
12 -Biston thoracicaria +
12 +Biston thoracicaria
12
12
-Biston robustum +
+Biston robustum
13 -Biston betularia +
13 +Biston betularia
13
13
13 -Biston melacron +
13 +Biston melacron
13 -Biston marginata +
13 +Biston marginata
13 -Biston regalis +
13 +Biston regalis
13
13
-Biston bengaliaria +
+Biston bengaliaria
-Biston suppressaria +
+Biston suppressaria
-Biston pustulata +
+Biston pustulata
diff --git a/data/99/97/24/9997242E9DBE677EB988B9D00436C52F.xml b/data/99/97/24/9997242E9DBE677EB988B9D00436C52F.xml index 1c7fd807b70..42863005a7a 100644 --- a/data/99/97/24/9997242E9DBE677EB988B9D00436C52F.xml +++ b/data/99/97/24/9997242E9DBE677EB988B9D00436C52F.xml @@ -1,92 +1,92 @@ - - - -New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae + + + +New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Histeridae - - -Author + + +Author -Webster, Reginald P. +Webster, Reginald P. - - -Author + + +Author -Makepeace, Scott +Makepeace, Scott - - -Author + + +Author -DeMerchant, Ian +DeMerchant, Ian - - -Author + + +Author -Sweeney, Jon D. +Sweeney, Jon D. -text - - -ZooKeys +text + + +ZooKeys - -2012 - -179 + +2012 + +179 - -11 -26 + +11 +26 - -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 + +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -journal article -http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 -1313-2970-179-11 +journal article +http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.179.2493 +1313-2970-179-11 - - - -Margarinotus egregius (Casey, 1916) + + + +Margarinotus egregius (Casey, 1916) Map 15 - -Material examined. - + +Material examined. + New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Lower Woodstock, -46.1192°N +46.1192°N , -67.5795°W +67.5795°W , 7.V.2008, R. P. Webster, pasture, entrance to fox den (1, RWC). -
 - + + Map 15. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of -Margarinotus egregius +Margarinotus egregius . - + +Distribution. +China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Chongqing, Yunnan), Japan, Vietnam. + + Figures 4-20. Adults of -Biston +Biston . 4-6 -Biston melacron +Biston melacron . 4 male (holotype 5 male 6 ditto, underside 7-10 -Biston marginata +Biston marginata . 7 male 8 ditto, underside 9 female 10 ditto, underside 11-12 -Biston thoracicaria +Biston thoracicaria . 11 male 12 female 13-16 -Biston betularia parva +Biston betularia parva . 13 male (holotype of -Biston huberaria tienschana +Biston huberaria tienschana ) 14 male (holotype of -Biston cognataria sinitibetica +Biston cognataria sinitibetica ) 15 mal 16 female 17-18 -Biston betularia nepalensis +Biston betularia nepalensis . 17 male 18 female 19-20 -Biston robustum +Biston robustum . 19 male (holotype of -Biston robustum kiangsua +Biston robustum kiangsua ) 20 male. Scale bar = 1 cm. - + +Distribution. +China (Tibet), Nepal. + + Figures 43-55. Adults of -Biston +Biston . 43 -Biston brevipennata +Biston brevipennata , male 44-45 -Biston quercii +Biston quercii . 44 female (holotype) 45 male 46-53 -Biston falcata +Biston falcata . 46 male (holotype of -Amphidasis erilda +Amphidasis erilda ) 47 male (holotype of -Biston erilda satura +Biston erilda satura ) 48 female (holotype of -Biston emarginaria +Biston emarginaria ) 49 female (holotype of -Amphidasis clorinda +Amphidasis clorinda ) 50 male (Lijiang, Yunnan) 51 female (Gyirong, Tibet) 52 male (Zhouqu, Gansu) 53 female (Zhouqu, Gansu). Scale bar = 1 cm. - + + Map 9. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of -Platysoma deficiens +Platysoma deficiens . - -Map + + +Map 14. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of -Margarinotus confusus +Margarinotus confusus . - + + Map 3. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of -Gnathoncus barbatus +Gnathoncus barbatus . - + + Figures 31-42. Adults of -Biston +Biston . 31-32 -Biston pustulata +Biston pustulata . 31 male 32 ditto, underside. 33-40 -Biston suppressaria +Biston suppressaria . 33 male (holotype of -Biston suppressaria benesparsa +Biston suppressaria benesparsa ) 34 ditto, underside 35 male (Cili, Hunan) 36 ditto, underside 37 male (Diaoluoshan, Hainan) 38 male (Bawangling, Hainan) 39 female 40 ditto, underside; 41-42 -Biston regalis +Biston regalis . 41 male 42 female. Scale bar = 1 cm. - + + Map 13. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of -Margarinotus cognatus +Margarinotus cognatus .