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<mods:title id="9871384BF8084BAA99E785E63BCB6A87">A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Jiang, Nan</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031640" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3367FA77844544859E8582149343908D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3367FA77844544859E8582149343908D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
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||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Biston_robustum" authority="Butler, 1879" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustum">Biston robustum Butler, 1879</taxonomicName>
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||||
<treatment id="3367FA77844544859E8582149343908D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152031640" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3367FA77844544859E8582149343908D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3367FA77844544859E8582149343908D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" scope_family="Geometridae" scope_order="Lepidoptera" scope_subFamily="Ennominae">
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<subSubSection id="05A0935CC9FE7DAE1D2109C1068FC023" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AC86175C06BF31F24356324995AEF342" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
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||||
<taxonomicName id="4146C4D5AA10370D4C3FADF8C855D25D" ID-CoL="LX4Q" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Biston_robustum" authority="Butler, 1879" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1879" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustum">Biston robustum Butler, 1879</taxonomicName>
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||||
Figs 19, 2075102
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||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustum">Biston robustum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Butler, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="570CC20EB386C72FD41B0A60C1D0D82D" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="210A9B11464B9A2E3A7B0930BE0EB9B8" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="88640BAF25E0D8DBEE7C966B0769E63C" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustum">Biston robustum</taxonomicName>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="5FA3462D30EE7FEB0F2A4B97B70F3593" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Butler, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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||||
, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (5) 4: 371. Syntype(s), Japan: Yokohama. (BMNH)
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</paragraph>
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||||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
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||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum subsp. kiangsua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="robustum" subSpecies="kiangsua">Biston robustum kiangsua</taxonomicName>
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||||
<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Wehrli, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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||||
<paragraph id="0E220836876296ECFE23FE3221ECFC7B" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
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||||
<taxonomicName id="862C886006C7E20D618D0D9C047C7B6C" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum subsp. kiangsua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="robustum" subSpecies="kiangsua">Biston robustum kiangsua</taxonomicName>
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||||
<bibRefCitation id="340407C2DADAE547C977439A955BF548" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Wehrli, 1941</bibRefCitation>
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, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 433, pl. 36: b. Holotype ♂, China: Shanghai. (ZFMK) (Treated as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum subsp. robustum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="robustum" subSpecies="robustum">Biston robustum robustum</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicName id="0AEB349E975235D0BDBA146793830AD8" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum subsp. robustum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="robustum" subSpecies="robustum">Biston robustum robustum</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Parsons et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="1513CB1E8FD756E739484B5BA5443825" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Parsons et al. (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection id="2B87212763339EF3D7EB712C9CE6909D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="BB0C8A3DEEB3E1F63B8078B9780D1711" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BAEFC07F1EBDDE526DA47F6E2EC14E89" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="11" pageNumber="56">
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The external characters of this species are close to those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston porphyria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porphyria">Biston porphyria</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="3ACCBFB0519EA8E642CBAE3EA73BE0E4" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston porphyria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porphyria">Biston porphyria</taxonomicName>
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(Butler, 1889) (India) as follows: the male antennae are bipectinate to tip; greyish brown bands are present basally of the antemedial line of the forewing and distally of the postmedial lines of both wings; the forewing medial line converges with the postmedial line at 1A + 2A; the hindwing postmedial line acutely protrudes between M1 and M3; the submarginal lines of both wings are dark grey. But the species can be distinguished by the following characters: this species (length of forewing: 28-30 mm in male) is larger than
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston porphyria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porphyria">Biston porphyria</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="2C47BF624181957D03E0882F63557852" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston porphyria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porphyria">Biston porphyria</taxonomicName>
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; the wings are broader; the hindwing medial line is
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<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="57" start="start">more</pageBreakToken>
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<pageBreakToken id="4DB93923AAAA588EE33F3376BCBE28A5" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" start="start">more</pageBreakToken>
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conspicuous. The male genitalia of the species are similar to those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston betularia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betularia">Biston betularia</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="5AD127C922D35F55023A8A2FC4D4056B" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston betularia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betularia">Biston betularia</taxonomicName>
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as follows: the apex of the uncus is bifurcated; the median process of the gnathos is about one-half length of the uncus; the juxta is long, narrow, and acute apically. But it can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston betularia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betularia">Biston betularia</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="E82AECD3D6D09B3F0C06FFA41D3BC1E9" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston betularia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="betularia">Biston betularia</taxonomicName>
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by the longer and narrower valva and the absence of cornuti.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Material examineds.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection id="8ED488D823553DA5AB19A7275E2777E0" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="material examined">
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<paragraph id="4CD3140E3DFF20E45E0AE983DF55F22A" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Material examineds.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3F8DA3E26384DBBD70D6B600F8BE182E" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
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CHINA, Shanghai (ZFMK): 1♂ (Holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum subsp. kiangsua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="robustum" subSpecies="kiangsua">Biston robustum kiangsua</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicName id="1D310AA84023BC171FA03BFA0FF75722" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum subsp. kiangsua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="robustum" subSpecies="kiangsua">Biston robustum kiangsua</taxonomicName>
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). Shandong (IZCAS): Gujiding, 13.IV.1981, 3♂. Jiangsu (IZCAS): Nanjing, Qixiaqu, Yaohuamen, 16.III.2006, coll. Lang Songyun, 3♂. More material from Shaanxi, 2♂ from Taiwan, many from Japan, 2♂ from Korea and many from Vietnam in coll. ZFMK.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
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||||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="57">China (Shandong, Shaanxi, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan), Japan, Russia, North Korea, South Korea, Vietnam.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="12121E5D873F260927E87A0E07522622" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E6F07379EF31143F4D2E2FD9E3A00222" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="953EB8DE0652B6B09610FF4CBDB77EAB" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">China (Shandong, Shaanxi, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Taiwan), Japan, Russia, North Korea, South Korea, Vietnam.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="AE5521D2962F6CA746D9CA9354A84871" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" type="remarks">
|
||||
<paragraph id="3A9D8B1389FF9728DE819B92D5A236BC" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F5AC47FB8D3F009A9B2AA1F5AE92C8A4" pageId="12" pageNumber="57">
|
||||
There are two Chinese subspecies of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustum">Biston robustum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0C56C4BDD78CD6D54B0814D38072AB22" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustum">Biston robustum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, they are
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum subsp. robustum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="robustum" subSpecies="robustum">Biston robustum robustum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C1B06AAEDAAA74796EBF04E6864E24F6" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum subsp. robustum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="robustum" subSpecies="robustum">Biston robustum robustum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Butler, 1879 and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum subsp. subrobustum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="robustum" subSpecies="subrobustum">Biston robustum subrobustum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A01073AAC7C676A0F23B6C5605FC855E" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum subsp. subrobustum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="robustum" subSpecies="subrobustum">Biston robustum subrobustum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Inoue, 1964 (
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum subsp. subrobustum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="robustum" subSpecies="subrobustum">Biston robustum subrobustum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="1AF4998A20E7DBDD00F0091B9F88F2A4" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum subsp. subrobustum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="robustum" subSpecies="subrobustum">Biston robustum subrobustum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Inoue, 1964,
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kontyû">Kontyu</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="528731C84027927AA0CAF2BEB9108FBA" originalValue="Kontyû">Kontyu</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 32 (2): 338, pl. 8, fig. 3. Holotype ♂, Taiwan (central): Puli. (BMNH)). The former is distributed in the mainland China, the latter is distributed in Taiwan. The description of
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum subsp. kiangsua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="robustum" subSpecies="kiangsua">Biston robustum kiangsua</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C6E4CEADCB922994BA9DCEED9055357F" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston robustum subsp. kiangsua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="robustum" subSpecies="kiangsua">Biston robustum kiangsua</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wehrli was based on a single, rather aberrant specimen, with a single printed label "Shanghai China". Similar forms occur in Japan, as mentioned by Wehrli (1941). So this name very probably does not denote a valid subspecies and it is synonymized correctly.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
|
|
|
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Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue