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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2193-0074-1-187" ID-Pensoft-UUID="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" ID-ZooBank="6402F8F152294153823FCAEA106F90A1" ModsDocID="2193-0074-25-1-187" checkinTime="1667366246929" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Spasojevic, Tamara, Broad, Gavin R. & Klopfstein, Seraina" docDate="2022" docId="1838A12068D35A9E864E340DBB5525C4" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilRecord 25(1): 187-212" docOrigin="Fossil Record 25 (1)" docPubDate="2022-06-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83034" docTitle="Armadilleon morticinus Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein 2022, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" lastPageNumber="187" masterDocId="86764B0ACD9453CD965B288014B441CD" masterDocTitle="Revision of 18 ichneumonid fossil species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) highlights the need for open nomenclature in palaeontology" masterLastPageNumber="212" masterPageNumber="187" pageNumber="187" updateTime="1667366246929" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>Revision of 18 ichneumonid fossil species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) highlights the need for open nomenclature in palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="E14289C76EC8856AF7F91A3B18069C37">Revision of 18 ichneumonid fossil species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) highlights the need for open nomenclature in palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Spasojevic, Tamara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EA66DFF925AFFB009170EE8F4876D7AA">Spasojevic, Tamara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="739344223E8DF47BEED8E43BCB25CD1E">Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 6 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2559A9A28C645A976F288E1AF685B134">Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F00E8B9692D99463CDE18895F796EC1C">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 6 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Klopfstein, Seraina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-975X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">seraina.klopfstein@bs.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="77836BB6C16799E07D1CA7B4E8A30CFD">Klopfstein, Seraina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E3A8D083D20EE752769F0404A8B1AA59">Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, Basel, Switzerland & Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="76C1B79AF723B1012E10D163DCBF9420" type="email">seraina.klopfstein@bs.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="6B1D5F5B2605E656766690CFBE412531">Fossil Record</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-06-07</mods:number>
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<mods:date id="A4FF50E1D2B02F237C8750C687AC4C06">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F2BBDACEF92ED68D6AA348CE8B1C297C">2022-06-07</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ADE4E3CBA96066FD0490FCE5C18F2BCA">25</mods:number>
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>187</mods:start>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1838A12068D35A9E864E340DBB5525C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1838A12068D35A9E864E340DBB5525C4" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName LSID="1838A120-68D3-5A9E-864E-340DBB5525C4" authority="(Brues, 1910)" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Brues" baseAuthorityYear="1910" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon morticinus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="morticinus" status="comb. nov.">Armadilleon morticinus (Brues, 1910)</taxonomicName>
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||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="187">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<treatment id="1838A12068D35A9E864E340DBB5525C4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203870843" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1838A12068D35A9E864E340DBB5525C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1838A12068D35A9E864E340DBB5525C4" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" scope_family="Ichneumonidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Acaenitinae">
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<subSubSection id="7E892F55A67AE4C570F975030C3BBFCC" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="415DDEB789A478255A0B32ECA76D4A40" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName id="97A951129D4A82E62F93B77B36469227" LSID="1838A120-68D3-5A9E-864E-340DBB5525C4" authority="(Brues, 1910)" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Brues" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon morticinus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morticinus" status="comb. nov.">Armadilleon morticinus (Brues, 1910)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="6EC639D24766EE5ADD03B4E04B48D4A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Armadilleon morticinus (Brues, 1910) comb. nov. A. Photograph of the holotype obtained from the MCZ; B. Our interpretative drawing of the holotype; C. Photograph of the paratype obtained from the MCZ; D. Our interpretative drawing of the paratype. Thicker black lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations. Grey lines and circles show conspicuous sculpture of the cuticle." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693068" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="659841EDAC9D5C55482123A4414EF4FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph id="72638DF36FE0A370F5F820BEAD9134D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<figureCitation id="D8D694B7CC87F4B367E32DC43D5C0D81" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Armadilleon morticinus (Brues, 1910) comb. nov. A. Photograph of the holotype obtained from the MCZ; B. Our interpretative drawing of the holotype; C. Photograph of the paratype obtained from the MCZ; D. Our interpretative drawing of the paratype. Thicker black lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations. Grey lines and circles show conspicuous sculpture of the cuticle." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693068" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pimpla morticina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morticina" status="comb. nov.">* Pimpla morticina</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="E160A7E09E851CE208A3DB8E2D17F71B" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7CB39D702B5D3D32D54B657AE253A17A" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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||||
<taxonomicName id="488F253BE242B225D598EDC2D81CDB83" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pimpla morticina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morticina" status="comb. nov.">* Pimpla morticina</taxonomicName>
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Brues, 1910
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<subSubSection id="4EB1A8B37A833D7F0607465C0CCA6717" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
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||||
<paragraph id="6383AF6CD3FBE6856803973FA8DBE321" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D823D70FCD84C690D4434E09BA7648BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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Photographs examined of the
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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<typeStatus id="876A595DDB0FDE0E4D067FA0DB52AEFB">holotype</typeStatus>
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(#PALE-2156) and
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<typeStatus>paratype</typeStatus>
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<typeStatus id="B4A475BF6090B078630917004B7A31BC">paratype</typeStatus>
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(#PALE-2157) females (parts only), obtained from the MCZ.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Teller County, Florissant shales, Colorado, USA. Late Eocene (Chadronian), 37.2-33.9 Ma.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="72D084D41A0B7EDEFB94A6D5DCCE038D" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
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||||
<paragraph id="95DF209EEB8AE7CEBD8EC82AC11ED36F" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D4BBEBDC7082A83F9D638007F912D38C" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Teller County, Florissant shales, Colorado, USA. Late Eocene (Chadronian), 37.2-33.9 Ma.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Holotype</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="47D613559EB8BF9E4C915FB77AB52537" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3A769367FF4640EF81689A77722AAA8E" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9561494BD27B12AF5B8EC2387BB2E62E" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis id="F9B877508C158470ED01DD036EB9A6AE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Holotype</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">paratype</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="EC98813C28136CEAE86FF2C766D06352" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">paratype</emphasis>
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(both females) very well preserved, including carination and sculpture of mesosoma, with fore wings, partial hind wings, some almost complete legs and ovipositor including sheaths. Both holotype and paratype with remains of dark colouration on most body parts, but overall, colouration not well preserved; metasoma possibly orange or red from T2 (#p, somewhat uncertain). Body length 10.4 mm (#p 10.1 mm).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="4F394DE99ABB9035865217C872E4D09B" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis id="DFFA3ACA91CC43F37F6BCC225BC84CEA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
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short, only partly preserved, one lateral ocellus and strong sculpture on frons visible (#h).
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antennae</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="A6636EC7FE87DC6AE07534FA1BBCAB91" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antennae</emphasis>
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rather stout, scape about 1.6 times longer than wide, pedicel short, about 24 flagellomeres, basal ones subquadrate, becoming quadrate and transverse towards apex (#h).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="08D2892DB56E9ED0458B818D3B6685CB" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
strongly sculptured; pronotum about 0.7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="19445398A2253EA7029AC18EF2D02D58" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as high, with longitudinal rugae and with epomia strong, angled forward above; mesoscutum with strong punctures, in posterior half increasingly arranged in longitudinal lines; notauli absent; scutellum and postscutellum slightly convex; mesopleuron with very strong and conspicuous longitudinal carinae forming wave-like patterns; sternaulus strong and reaching posterior end in sinusoid curve; epicnemial carina long and curving towards front end of mesopleuron at around mid-height of pronotum. Propodeum with all three lateral, three pleural and petiolar areas enclosed by carinae, basal area and areola fused (or basal area very short); pleural carina complete; propodeal spiracle slightly elliptic; propodeum covered by strong rugae forming wavy patterns, unpunctured.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fore wing</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="9452EE964FA1C53CE96C7D264E659B73" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fore wing</emphasis>
|
||||
5.2 mm (#p 5.3 mm), venation only partially preserved, brown or dark brown; areolet probably closed and pentagonal (cf. #p); 1cu-a meeting M + Cu opposite of 1M; 3Cu a bit longer than 2cu-a; hind wing reconstruction difficult.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="438FB733C3DA495C423754FA9CDA99E7" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
rather stout, hind leg with femur less than 3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AC86EF7CD81B8139444B2F688CCD9C61" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than wide.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0714D9F7A4E6358346E08A93383ADA6C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||||
dorsoventrally depressed or with apical segments somewhat compressed; T1 broad posteriorly, but strongly narrowed towards base, forming petiole, 1.6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="95312868A34DC18082BAD498A3C56AD7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as apically wide; latero-median and dorso-lateral carinae present on entire length; T2 and following transverse; T7 not much shorter than T6.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Ovipositor</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="15C9B4AE2BFB9DD43D2B9E723652B5DE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Ovipositor</emphasis>
|
||||
2.8 mm (#p 3.2 mm); ovipositor sheaths about 1.6 mm (#p 1.7 mm), as long as hind tibia; ovipositor straight, parallel-sided, without dorsal subapical notch, with weak nodus and potentially some ridges apically on lower valve (#p).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693068" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Brues" baseAuthorityYear="1910" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon morticinus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="morticinus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Armadilleon morticinus</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="5688EEC67293010396E84163125FF42E" doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693068" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9EBC1616CFFB6E76392BE7EAE3616AB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B5232EDD6A967BE7B73D4F24FC5DD269" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8FB00EA22C4F8259F996DE6142606312" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Brues" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon morticinus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morticinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A649F6CA0D11011A621A8D98EFB7754E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Armadilleon morticinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Brues, 1910) comb. nov.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="CA13B29F0945BBB22E76B715D6ED57F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
Photograph of the holotype obtained from the MCZ;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E7F8E5B941BF1F76C2CA7A421AE42F5C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
Our interpretative drawing of the holotype;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">C.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="74ABB5F5A1491C50CF78F9B6F6FE863E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">C.</emphasis>
|
||||
Photograph of the paratype obtained from the MCZ;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">D.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="FFD70701615D069F9A1B09E666D6263B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">D.</emphasis>
|
||||
Our interpretative drawing of the paratype. Thicker black lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations. Grey lines and circles show conspicuous sculpture of the cuticle.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="52FAC8B933A84801D996485DD998FDED" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="E594E0CF60366018FA439C76797D2631" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EFC7789B74422E5B18CDD5F880871A5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
For subfamily placement and genus diagnosis, see description of the genus above. For distinguishing features from the other species in the genus,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. petrorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="petrorum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A. petrorum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9085F42B804FC340CDD14914AB0796A2" lsidName="A. petrorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="petrorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EF03F058FC8BE31AEE7A536AA197EB5B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A. petrorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, see under that species.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,205 +1,205 @@
|
|||
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<mods:detail type="volume">
|
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<mods:number>25</mods:number>
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|
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:48E30119F5885B94AA7E0F7D3E4091ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/48E30119F5885B94AA7E0F7D3E4091ED" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<treatment id="48E30119F5885B94AA7E0F7D3E4091ED" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203870871" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:48E30119F5885B94AA7E0F7D3E4091ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/48E30119F5885B94AA7E0F7D3E4091ED" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" scope_family="Ichneumonidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Acaenitinae">
|
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|
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|
||||
*
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="48E30119-F588-5B94-AA7E-0F7D3E4091ED" authority="Brown, 1986" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lithoserix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoserix williamsi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">Lithoserix williamsi Brown, 1986</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FEA0BBEC8DF2C16FC4B5D4210D1FBC5F" ID-CoL="3VL7T" LSID="48E30119-F588-5B94-AA7E-0F7D3E4091ED" authority="Brown, 1986" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lithoserix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoserix williamsi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">Lithoserix williamsi Brown, 1986</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lithoserix williamsi (Brown, 1986) comb. nov. A. Photograph of the holotype obtained from the UCM; B. Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693071" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="7BF2FD50799B4DFA20C8E4C15626BA3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="D693D8AFCFFFE524C63F0D16048E21F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="175B06508FED510CBC1564431F4E3715" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Lithoserix williamsi (Brown, 1986) comb. nov. A. Photograph of the holotype obtained from the UCM; B. Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693071" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="UCM31179" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DD6678299425DFE9E0A1A09EF39BDA32" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="96CE11FE6597CC36816736C93E68CA81" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="9080F297B9C49787B7FD379D62991223" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="97D5C9D7BB062BA2D90DC4DEEC8CC796" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3950483304" accessionNumber="UCM31179" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
Photograph examined of the
|
||||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="F6A3C2F4441C7AC5880653A08CAB9A98">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(part, #
|
||||
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/UCM31179">UCM31179</accessionNumber>
|
||||
<accessionNumber id="40EDB8B00BA2EA7AF0E1DF602F4603F2" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/UCM31179">UCM31179</accessionNumber>
|
||||
), obtained from the UCM
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Old Scudder Pit, Florissant shales, Colorado, USA. Late Eocene (Chadronian), 37.2-33.9 My.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F7ACCE0621BCAF233F807D3222677127" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9D401C3CA9165EA9488E80C905C0020F" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="DD1D1B7D800767B695BC10BB68F943B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Old Scudder Pit, Florissant shales, Colorado, USA. Late Eocene (Chadronian), 37.2-33.9 My.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Female.</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="DD9D34E7F49531A28C44ED4693DE3563" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="9C3C2C5FD8E9F1E3E8CAA233774E3353" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="447088AB574002CB147AEAB075FC2AC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="1E09CB871E0CDB98AAF18BD4EB0A8E7E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Female.</emphasis>
|
||||
Part showing dorsal view including partially preserved antennae, partial head, mesosoma preservation rather patchy, with right fore wing partial and complete left fore and hind wings, partial mid and hind legs, and metasoma including ovipositor sheaths and ovipositor except tip. Body length 22 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Brown, wing veins dark brown where colour is preserved, femora and posterior half of tergites darker brown, posterior half of tergites possibly darker than anterior.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693071" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lithoserix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoserix williamsi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Lithoserix williamsi</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F8A664F1C124C2149D96D9ADF7812D41" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Brown, wing veins dark brown where colour is preserved, femora and posterior half of tergites darker brown, posterior half of tergites possibly darker than anterior.</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DDB3AB71DCCBB5B120400DB31989FBB0" doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693071" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5A17C81327365B3E856209CD7DE9ADB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="23064944308845CEAB81EE864D0264ED" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3DBB0FC7AB20F176E13E2791B4A61702" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lithoserix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoserix williamsi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="624E68310E9090D5C90C8B031A597B92" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Lithoserix williamsi</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Brown, 1986) comb. nov.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="896F4858801D4E81E6D375C6C4CE8EDA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
Photograph of the holotype obtained from the UCM;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D62CDCB82E39DADAF10E8F67FAF7C9FD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="91D66A2EA2112E36FD1B5856CDC81A1B" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B4D9CFD24D3CF7059CD59B9F3E91E64A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
, with complete occipital carina straight to evenly rounded or slightly dipped medially.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F101B2647C901E80FD6645D83CD917B4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="658F671F8C77176BB892CF1F827BFDBF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antenna</emphasis>
|
||||
e
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
at least 14 mm long, first few segments probably short, only slightly longer than wide.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="36246CCA39A9DB9F77D3146AA942BB31" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
with notauli strongly impressed, converging and extending past half of mesoscutum; scutellum borders unclear, might be displaced posteriorly and visible as small triangular structure or larger and broken around middle; metanotum visible, of regular size. Propodeum with carinae difficult to interpret, but at least with complete lateral longitudinal carinae, anterior portion of median longitudinal carinae, anterior transverse carina and some indication of pleural carinae; spiracle small and oval.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fore wing</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C7791B33951049FD4EFDFD5707544EEC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fore wing</emphasis>
|
||||
16.5 mm, with areolet almost triangular, 2 + 3M longer than 4M; 4Rs clearly bowed at base; 1cu-a meeting M + Cu opposite of 1M, 3Cu slightly longer than 2cu-a; ramulus longer than twice the width of the surrounding veins; cell 2R1 4.3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="86D8A64972CEC8690C3F8BA72B33E8E7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than wide. Hind wing with 1Rs longer than rs-m and 1Cu clearly shorter than cu-a.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DE8C5915DFBEDD338B08EC2AF3131E68" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
rather stout, hind femur around 3.4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="A2F812E9D2A54D607FFC90FF81080E01" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than wide.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1C8EA223B2E67C21DBD1C08B85FE7873" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||||
with T1 quadrate, only slightly narrowed towards base, with dorsal longitudinal carinae parallel to each other and almost reaching or reaching posterior margin of tergite; T2 subquadrate with oblique grooves cutting off anterolateral corners; T3-T7 transverse.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Ovipositor</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="477D0DACB31A3DC53F5F5A8B49C18BF4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Ovipositor</emphasis>
|
||||
at least 19 mm long, at least 3.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E6D6F01DB9E33E94E87569F2275001C3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as hind tibia, straight and parallel sided, rather robust.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="CC03E973AFDD54B07564899B697C487F" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0A99930202DCD46358F605FF2B056D3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BD19F8FB008FF60888BAF33F12BADFCF" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
Described originally in the symphytan family
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Siricidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="82EF5468864E0F68330725D444FAAC8D" authorityName="Billberg" authorityYear="1820" class="Insecta" family="Siricidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Siricidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, this taxon was moved to the tribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hellen" authorityYear="1915" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Ephialtini">Ephialtini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FB641200CF2C884107DF9BE77F2BCB97" authorityName="Hellen" authorityYear="1915" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Ephialtini">Ephialtini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6AA51B2E130963BFDFBCD0FB1956059A" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
more recently (Kasparyan and Rasnitsyn 1992). It clearly belongs to
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C7525D5F02072A357013F0A8190D8DB2" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ichneumonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
based on the wing venation. A quadrate areolet and 2m-cu evenly curved outwards, with two bullae, quadrate T1 with lateromedian longitudinal carinae and long ovipositor, clearly support the placement of the genus in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="82F4D13DEC6AA7734382B2961B6B5EEC" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Tribal placement is in fact not unequivocal, as some
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hellen" authorityYear="1915" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Delomeristini">Delomeristini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F438DFDBB30F05D8014226E93BEA64A1" authorityName="Hellen" authorityYear="1915" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Delomeristini">Delomeristini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genera also show as much resemblance to
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lithoserix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoserix" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Lithoserix</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="00B4DE07C870E8912A9C0DDCC628BC8A" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lithoserix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoserix" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0975A4D203C61178BD27BAE8A160B82A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Lithoserix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as the ephialtine
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dolichomitus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolichomitus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Dolichomitus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="004C3C1BC0CADCB1411055DDB03CC390" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Dolichomitus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dolichomitus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AF621E00A2FBCD08990F63C913A3F7A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Dolichomitus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Smith, 1877 mentioned by Kasparyan and Rasnitsyn (1992). The presence of a transverse carina in the anterior part of the propodeum is unusual for
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A30FCE96A3252E678AAC298EFEF06DFF" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and can be seen only in
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xanthopimpla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Xanthopimpla</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5D7EF0FC19D0BB2F3EC5F65A8B70D3BE" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xanthopimpla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xanthopimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DAF7F69F17A0406BC12A1911122AAC12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Xanthopimpla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Saussure, 1892 (
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Pimplini">Pimplini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46809C4D8E4082FABFACA185956823EB" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Pimplini">Pimplini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
) some
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Theroniini">Theroniini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FC9AC7CC6248D6E9D497AAC2C074C654" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Theroniini">Theroniini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and, in a very reduced form, in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Delomerista" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Delomerista" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Delomerista</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8472E5A135AB528187EB6E4CD61FD344" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Delomerista" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Delomerista" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8F5CD72191200094DEAD20AEE1E80D9E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Delomerista</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="73E8831BD7E824720C097FE996F66471" originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1869 (
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hellen" authorityYear="1915" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Delomeristini">Delomeristini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="382EA9623DF3C00A12BD54C553A95288" authorityName="Hellen" authorityYear="1915" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Delomeristini">Delomeristini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
), In fact, the presence of rather extensive carination on the propodeum is rather reminiscent of
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hellen" authorityYear="1915" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Delomeristini">Delomeristini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F2679AA288D5DFD29B9150536C7AE042" authorityName="Hellen" authorityYear="1915" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Delomeristini">Delomeristini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, although this is probably the plesiomorphic state in the subfamily (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4442.2.8" author="Kopylov, DS" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" pagination="319 - 330" refId="B24" refString="Kopylov, DS, Spasojevic, T, Klopfstein, S, 2018. New ichneumonids (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from the Eocene Tadushi Formation, Russian Far East. Zootaxa 4442: 319 - 330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4442.2.8" title="New ichneumonids (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from the Eocene Tadushi Formation, Russian Far East." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4442.2.8" volume="4442" year="2018">Kopylov et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="A7B691D813CCFBCED388C791729210B8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4442.2.8" author="Kopylov, DS" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" pagination="319 - 330" refId="B24" refString="Kopylov, DS, Spasojevic, T, Klopfstein, S, 2018. New ichneumonids (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from the Eocene Tadushi Formation, Russian Far East. Zootaxa 4442: 319 - 330, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4442.2.8" title="New ichneumonids (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from the Eocene Tadushi Formation, Russian Far East." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4442.2.8" volume="4442" year="2018">Kopylov et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). To distinguish between
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hellen" authorityYear="1915" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Delomeristini">Delomeristini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9FC57A1E90125043033F1F66923EB808" authorityName="Hellen" authorityYear="1915" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Delomeristini">Delomeristini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hellen" authorityYear="1915" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Ephialtini">Ephialtini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="463197B0208CE0249AAE2ED95F4B6436" authorityName="Hellen" authorityYear="1915" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="tribe" tribe="Ephialtini">Ephialtini</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the tarsal claws would need to be examined, which are not preserved in either of the two specimens currently attributed to the genus. In any case, the long ramulus and short flagellar segments are unique for
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lithoserix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoserix" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Lithoserix</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C426254C3FCB9D1329CAF1F93BA7C5E9" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lithoserix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoserix" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="29001829EDC966927F946A80D8CFA5DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Lithoserix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, which we suggest to keep without tribal assignment in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="40B122EA790155B6ED0FBDE994B9C1E9" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="065E52B8F50F8C51860C7FC61594F6CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3A4D2E02472FFFCB5AF0410793A82C8E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F2CDC739FF66484B3B6AA6D344125FBD" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
? Wesmael, 1845
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Pimpla</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E1B78683541A54C4E423219689339F86" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
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<emphasis id="412153E3B188F337CA893990AF1D1972" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8176302EE1C1009F2F712A9D4FBC2608" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="4A83A8733C2FE3374745645D30BE9998" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Pimpla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
? Fabricius, 1804
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,187 +1,187 @@
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Polysphincta? inundata (Brues, 1910) comb. nov. A. Photograph of the holotype obtained from the MCZ; B. Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693073" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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|
||||
<subSubSection id="2B5D3F4B462E9426940489D503F5D877" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="2591C8190D380938083943470BCC12CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0DFFCB8D7E62998AC26E7B1E6130E29D" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polysphincta inundata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inundata">* Polysphincta inundata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Brues, 1910
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="FC06BD6E08B5FFF7185C7A4945C003F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="57B99C727F4FEF74340951B6163A54CC" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="61351189C0A6CA4F7E5ADAE64BA12230" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
Photographs of the
|
||||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="74683BB554067C81D5EA2DE5AC81D4EE">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(part only, #PALE-2135) obtained from the MCZ.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Teller County, Florissant shales, Colorado, USA. Late Eocene (Chadronian), 37.2-33.9 Ma.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="227E7213F2DAD43411B4541B4A09DFFE" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
|
||||
<paragraph id="6EF44C82D6058B5202F8C7C92A7182F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B993A6330E3B641F1144ED071388F86C" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Teller County, Florissant shales, Colorado, USA. Late Eocene (Chadronian), 37.2-33.9 Ma.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B4B4EC7AA1343516E76F64E672C9A80A" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="EECBBA16827890BB89E51E787CE5A74F" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C002CD6EC33519546FE25A8E7ABAA80B" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C4BFEF43BD1A0F11F3381F7A0E5FF41E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
Female.
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D16714C659E1F6AA3616EC5ECA05FA18" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
in lateroventral view, with one nearly complete and one partial antenna, head, mesosoma showing some carinae and sculpture, nearly complete fore wings and one partial hind wing, hind legs strongly and mid and fore legs weakly outlined, metasoma complete with ovipositor with sheaths. Body length 10.1 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Black or dark brown on head, mesosoma and T1, antennae and remaining metasoma orange, hind legs dark brown at least on femur and apex of hind tibia, other legs probably orange.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="C3F1BB2E6B693B985A7622D028AA0791" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Black or dark brown on head, mesosoma and T1, antennae and remaining metasoma orange, hind legs dark brown at least on femur and apex of hind tibia, other legs probably orange.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D8175650E2791E75EB3BECE236EECF5B" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="2B3EAECA949A1536A3145CD1007742E5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
rather short, poorly preserved but outline of eyes partially indicated.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="548DB71ECBD33C5B7BED7D7FCC200888" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
7.1 mm, with more than 39 (probably around 43) flagellomeres, basal segments longer than wide, from about mid length transverse, scape short.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E6C0DBC23B20232731F013C9F476330C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
rather stout, with epomia present on pronotum; mesopleuron with epicnemial carina curved forward around mid-height of pronotum, with fine longitudinal carinulae at least in front of mesepimeron. Propodeum with pleural, lateral and lateromedian longitudinal carinae seemingly complete, with indication of low posterior transverse carina and maybe also part of anterior transverse carina.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fore wing</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="ADF3E0558843DBA5C9508F0659BA776F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fore wing</emphasis>
|
||||
6.8 mm; areolet open, vein 2 + 3M twice as long as 2Rs; 1cu-a meeting 2Cu at the same position as 1M; cell 2R1 rather long, 3.6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8B62DC8F04B13128238DAE863C080439" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as wide. Hind wing with vein 1Rs much longer than rs-m; 1Cu about as long as cu-a (but a bit difficult to see).
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="32F26DE7D4693125063DD3A6FDAE2FC0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
rather stout; hind femur 3.0
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FD8695897EAE38B081A78C00005B2E52" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
and hind tibia 7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="78289583713D08DE5E9FA5A6FACB69AB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as wide.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="6AFEA95557CCF9994E199810A3D94B0D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||||
mostly dorsoventrally depressed and somewhat compressed towards apex, with T1 a bit elongate and nearly parallel sided, with what are probably latero-median and dorso-lateral carinae; T2 and following tergites transverse.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Ovipositor</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="18D05B9C5A2BCC158A3AFEBC38E15FAC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Ovipositor</emphasis>
|
||||
3.8 mm, 1.6
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="AE2AB2D5207504056EA404DBDD806346" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as hind tibia, upcurved at apex, seemingly tapering from about middle to apex; ovipositor sheaths parallel-sided.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693073" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polysphincta inundata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inundata">Polysphincta? inundata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<caption id="AD5A88A5FC47FC3F6E3DE8AE58F6F360" doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693073" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
|
||||
<paragraph id="B7E1111E8930895B7528227D12111CD4" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0AF8D4DBEDB6637AFB6489FC5602988E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F89B81633B7F9EC55F596FA86B353CEB" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polysphincta inundata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inundata">Polysphincta? inundata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Brues, 1910) comb. nov.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="17210AC9AC5A8A0EAA215E1EB13F655B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
Photograph of the holotype obtained from the MCZ;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="56A62D0AF0A371B6733762522197B78B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C5AE549166B83BBD4CC905BCF6461A56" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0FBB56344249A9957F1149FECF6AF042" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="D72F6B938BA3BDAC5F3D514A9DD258EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
Members of the
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polysphincta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Polysphincta</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B9DB43C706028CD9D865D89B8FF111F4" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polysphincta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="680E2363C6B92CE0F17280E4D9534895" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Polysphincta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
group of genera are koinobiont ectoparasitoids of spiders and have a unique ovipositor, which is expanded at the base and again around mid-length, from where it evenly tapers into a narrow point. The state of the ovipositor in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. inundata" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="inundata">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">P. inundata</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46FEC0C5D7F978EEE54C60434B83ED31" lsidName="P. inundata" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="inundata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DD6EA0E6CDC1FE0312E74573A89FB27D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">P. inundata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
seems consistent with this description, but this is somewhat unclear, despite the in general very good preservation of this fossil. Alternatively, if our interpretation of the ovipositor is wrong and there is not a median swelling, it would point to
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Clistopyga" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clistopyga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Clistopyga</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C2B5D3E34176D32B19CB26F4638F63A3" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Clistopyga" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clistopyga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="DD2E2F676A911042CD61FB8DCD68FEA5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Clistopyga</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gravenhorst, 1829, a sister genus of the polysphinctines. The fact that we cannot see any paired swellings, impressions or raised areas on tergites, which are typical for many but not all polysphinctines, speaks also more for
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Clistopyga" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clistopyga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Clistopyga</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="21F8E2637E46C69D5BAA41049903117B" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Clistopyga" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clistopyga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EE82B6A470BBD3F26DF467CEA233F480" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Clistopyga</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However, the propodeal carination never occurs in
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Clistopyga" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clistopyga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Clistopyga</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="593D07F6067C5B1145196F8C565ECA87" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Clistopyga" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clistopyga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="14D3D580ABA14D80698E5DBEC7D20A12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Clistopyga</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and although it is reduced in most extant members of the polysphinctines, with at most longitudinal carinae present, the posterior transverse carina occurs in some genera, e.g.,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Townes & Townes" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sinarachna" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinarachna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Sinarachna</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="02D98A071380FAC566B6DB0ACF7A63EF" authorityName="Townes & Townes" authorityYear="1960" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sinarachna" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinarachna" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8A9C456156E62A1A6D21DAA2FFC1C68F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Sinarachna</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Townes, 1960,
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Acrodactyla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrodactyla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Acrodactyla</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="33EA93B137D704920124C40C8D6A7054" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Acrodactyla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrodactyla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B2514A462521F5F32A87D7C79A81774C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Acrodactyla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Haliday, 1838 and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Zatypota" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zatypota" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Zatypota</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="122FC5892C4DC87B410CFE59728942C2" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Zatypota" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zatypota" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CDB21AE2C890C36FFC3AED15C1ACEF23" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Zatypota</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="971AC018E52E754E985399A61B3FB4B4" originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1869. These genera, however, have shorter ovipositors without the upcurved tip. Because we cannot find a convincing alternative placement for the fossil, we leave it in the current genus but express uncertainty in its placement.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cushman & Rohwer" authorityYear="1920" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lycorininae">Lycorininae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0EE20DF1E639DF24726253180C31FDCE" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A35D1C46621D4D363E659CB53A69BE68" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="C9D6FB54032E0DB0BFA629696EB3A490" authorityName="Cushman & Rohwer" authorityYear="1920" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lycorininae">Lycorininae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
? Cushman & Rohwer, 1920
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Holmgren" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lycorina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Lycorina</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="5AC69A818B4956AA0A20F066C43A2CF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="82CDE7BA734DD80CA7F1A6C21A104D38" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6A4C3D2464A0D2A9599A8EEAF47696B4" authorityName="Holmgren" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lycorina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycorina" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="607702B453E19F476875C08E4F5BDD36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Lycorina</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
? Holmgren, 1859
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,167 +1,167 @@
|
|||
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|
||||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:title>Revision of 18 ichneumonid fossil species (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) highlights the need for open nomenclature in palaeontology</mods:title>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:73457721C4B254DA859BE208EA623014" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/73457721C4B254DA859BE208EA623014" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName LSID="73457721-C4B2-54DA-859B-E208EA623014" authority="Theobald, 1937" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pimpla seyrigi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seyrigi">Pimpla? seyrigi Theobald, 1937</taxonomicName>
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<treatment id="73457721C4B254DA859BE208EA623014" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203870873" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:73457721C4B254DA859BE208EA623014" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/73457721C4B254DA859BE208EA623014" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" scope_family="Ichneumonidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Acaenitinae">
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<taxonomicName id="A499B731EA812E3102413824EC7C91DF" ID-CoL="4HXK7" LSID="73457721-C4B2-54DA-859B-E208EA623014" authority="Theobald, 1937" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pimpla seyrigi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seyrigi">Pimpla? seyrigi Theobald, 1937</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Pimpla? seyrigi (Theobald, 1937), comb. nov. A. Photograph of the part and B. Counterpart of the holotype of taken at the NMBA; C, D. Corresponding interpretative drawings. In the drawings, thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693072" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="6818419ACABF8B5AA66E2FAE132F9DB5" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<figureCitation id="CD33708A06F3FCBC30E380DE23B46E28" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Pimpla? seyrigi (Theobald, 1937), comb. nov. A. Photograph of the part and B. Counterpart of the holotype of taken at the NMBA; C, D. Corresponding interpretative drawings. In the drawings, thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693072" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pimpla seyrigi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seyrigi">* Pimpla seyrigi</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="215FE5839AC894A7C07C947232797153" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4BBC00F73EE5C3537DA537FB02CC5354" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName id="2304F7F7E17A17B4E9305FCA5493E34B" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pimpla seyrigi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seyrigi">* Pimpla seyrigi</taxonomicName>
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Theobald,1937
|
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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<subSubSection id="B57F2CD032DE3D7E2B1C27C968F1074D" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="6BDC6D3FD5A94710C0F4315EFD4E0F62" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A8167D0F121692286B51FA1ECCDB8624" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis id="41B010904DFF0979E0B624360F09CFA8" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<typeStatus id="399E3891A3B08B18A8E39FE88C5B5563">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(part F1322/1 and counterpart F1322/2) examined at the NMBA.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Kleinkembs, Pays de Bade, Haut-Rhin, France. Early Oligocene (Rupelian), 33.9-28.4 Ma.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="752035F9F1193335C1B12854D9C172AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
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<paragraph id="BE656E94B6196BF910710E3BCE1FCA4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8FFC15A4008D0076D2DBC551492E0610" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Kleinkembs, Pays de Bade, Haut-Rhin, France. Early Oligocene (Rupelian), 33.9-28.4 Ma.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Sex unknown. Dorsal aspect of head (part), fairly complete antennae, mesosoma, almost complete fore wings and one nearly complete and one partial hind wing, partial hind legs, and metasoma present. Body length ~9.3 mm.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mainly black, dark brown on wing veins, antennae and most of tergites, those with light end margins, legs lighter brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="BC5247BBF24747D42132E7C2F6C9C382" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D4CBC4A863C60F0D6338F7A43F4E7A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Sex unknown. Dorsal aspect of head (part), fairly complete antennae, mesosoma, almost complete fore wings and one nearly complete and one partial hind wing, partial hind legs, and metasoma present. Body length ~9.3 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EAF59DEE9429E71F54398BCBCA8A6AB8" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mainly black, dark brown on wing veins, antennae and most of tergites, those with light end margins, legs lighter brown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E7FE104807F1B2C37CD9B620C2034060" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis id="ED4BA8EB9E963F400E045ED894D60790" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
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seemingly elongate with long gena, rather than representing front view, given that antennae insert at the anterior edge.
|
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antenna</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="DB5ACECE36D8AC2E97BE8D903286E193" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antenna</emphasis>
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almost as long as body, 1.25
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longer than fore wing, with more than 34 flagellomeres, evenly tapered from middle to apex.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="5F23177F227525F803B732FC0C1A91D0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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not well preserved, with no details discernible.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fore wing</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="BE35140AAC5D77E22DF51DE3010D7C01" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fore wing</emphasis>
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6.6 mm; areolet closed, somewhat petiolate anteriorly and almost triangular, with vein 2m-cu meeting 3M almost at outer corner; 2m-cu bowed outwards, probably with two bullae; 1cu-a meeting M + Cu clearly distally of 1M, 3Cu clearly longer than 2cu-a; cell 2R1 2.5
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longer than wide.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Hind wing</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="BA8C85E47D04BA99444BE154104D2811" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Hind wing</emphasis>
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with cell R conspicuously narrow, vein 1Rs a bit longer than rs-m; cell 1Cu broad with vein M + Cu bowed; 1Cu only about half as long as cu-a.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Legs</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="A3B1AB30E65CFE76BEF1656C4ED538E9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Legs</emphasis>
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not well preserved; hind legs rather elongate; hind tibia 6.4
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as long as wide.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="311F54E964B452DAF2A56D4DFD70FD99" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||||
with T1 parallel-sided, 1.7
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="13F66ED5F750759C21B252B05C9205B0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than broad; T2 and following tergites transverse; each tergite except for T1 with a light band apically which from T4 becomes narrower medially until it is cut into two lateral spots.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Ovipositor</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="FEE92C09557B979DA545C743CE9BD9D2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Ovipositor</emphasis>
|
||||
not discernible.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693072" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pimpla seyrigi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seyrigi">Pimpla? seyrigi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<caption id="60382E598C141FF6DA68C00BDF71932E" doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693072" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
|
||||
<paragraph id="C5ACCAA624EAC58A4DFF1C28AD8E02B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A6BB8DFC73879AFCE9F292F597684CFF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6913F5C1867D9839ED0A0BE163D873B5" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pimpla seyrigi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seyrigi">Pimpla? seyrigi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Theobald, 1937), comb. nov.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="9A5FD573677022EBAE183DCE90861800" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
Photograph of the part and
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="9311B1AF4608B9AEE20000E5F6A03EE8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
Counterpart of the holotype of taken at the NMBA;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">C, D.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="62C63A2EF81130F5364ADB3B28FF823E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">C, D.</emphasis>
|
||||
Corresponding interpretative drawings. In the drawings, thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="665F3C719D144C91A9318BB69235D275" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5CC1E78ED8A0A7D88C95B2E34133D804" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6091ADE28F2EEDEE0BCD5841BBAD7A4E" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
The taxonomic affinity of this fossil is very difficult to discern. The elongate, tapering antennae and shape of the metasoma point to
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ctenopelmatinae">Ctenopelmatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="25DC68381B52EDA5FC1EF73B97E9CC98" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ctenopelmatinae">Ctenopelmatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but some
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="959F26578FA0A67FC56FFC540F298966" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
cannot be ruled out. In addition, the wide quadrate areolet and outwards curved 2m-cu are rarely seen in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ctenopelmatinae">Ctenopelmatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B29F9835D6D8BE298BDC984E975AF276" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ctenopelmatinae">Ctenopelmatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but they are quite common in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="484BF83E11212C222BF2D28554FC3ABC" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Given the poor preservation of the mesosoma, many important characters cannot be observed. As we cannot decide on the subfamily placement, removing the fossil from
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D6894D7B03D63F5943E2F675F20D6538" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and labelling it as incertae subfamiliae would require description of a new genus based on the insufficient character evidence. We thus take a conservative approach, leaving the fossil within the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Pimpla</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="2DE88FAFC0943DF27CD4AFC230E96963" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Pimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D40DC986DA527E7AF6F85F4B4C0E8FE8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Pimpla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but emphasizing the uncertainty in this placement by adding a question mark behind both the genus and subfamily name.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F5926B037D2B193126780A158747B9F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A33AC2F4E344AB760F1B753A13115371" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8BA61E2CB84E78011B82CC550166BF97" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wesmael, 1845
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polysphincta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Polysphincta</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CC276BBBE3D3F7A3F2B507E264D7990B" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="CB451D75FA4B7DF45DE533EF1D88BCDE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4B2E6D640468B965BC4D3F5A0E0AFAE6" authorityName="Gravenhorst" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polysphincta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="5A8B228AB3E78907C49B222DEB85401F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Polysphincta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Gravenhorst, 1829
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,170 +1,170 @@
|
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||||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:63B3D98F-89CF-4CAE-B2EE-3AE254F5649E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8620D32FDA015D48A5AC5312FFCA3401" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/63B3D98F-89CF-4CAE-B2EE-3AE254F5649E" authority="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein, 2022" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Armadilleon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="187">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<treatment id="8620D32FDA015D48A5AC5312FFCA3401" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203870874" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:63B3D98F-89CF-4CAE-B2EE-3AE254F5649E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8620D32FDA015D48A5AC5312FFCA3401" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" scope_family="Ichneumonidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Acaenitinae">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="B1397F63531FF3B361BA8AC13061393B" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="CDE00CB0A05567B3EF6D566173E75EA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="32777C7582C98E3B934A1A2CED864899" LSID="http://zoobank.org/63B3D98F-89CF-4CAE-B2EE-3AE254F5649E" authority="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein, 2022" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Armadilleon</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06010BBA610719568858D03ADD3F2525" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Brues" baseAuthorityYear="1910" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon morticinus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="morticinus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Armadilleon morticinus</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="03603100CF7CCB277BC217F6084ECFB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="type species">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F6CC10F2A13F021AEBDF19821339C116" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Type species.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="2369DE8C2C962E95F1769F1779327B72" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="09C308B359B1C09375ABB4A0B9454BEE" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Brues" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon morticinus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morticinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9202E9C9F625F860E45F50BA2CFC8771" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Armadilleon morticinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation author="Brues, CT" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" pagination="1 - 125" refId="B7" refString="Brues, CT, 1910. The parasitic Hymenoptera of the Tertiary of Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 54: 1 - 125" title="The parasitic Hymenoptera of the Tertiary of Florissant, Colorado." volume="54" year="1910">Brues 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="735B196F8A4F3F606DE174AC374E59D6" author="Brues, CT" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" pagination="1 - 125" refId="B7" refString="Brues, CT, 1910. The parasitic Hymenoptera of the Tertiary of Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 54: 1 - 125" title="The parasitic Hymenoptera of the Tertiary of Florissant, Colorado." volume="54" year="1910">Brues 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">This genus is named after the heavily armoured armadillo due to its unique, heavy sculpture.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="3DC2BF45B670003D6F6784D2F68092A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5B25825B46307C8529BCF10CB14CB394" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="10B37CA9C3148FEFD81106B4AC24FD4B" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">This genus is named after the heavily armoured armadillo due to its unique, heavy sculpture.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E531DA8D4DD06EA2B3F77662AF50481F" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4898D33C6CB6F92DECFEE398B2B1B42F" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="B58A46C2E6A758264E0F56C9A7569313" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
The placement within the subfamily Phygadeountinae
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phygadeountinae">Phygadeountinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="71655AF0F8BEAFE7F05BD7BC2D2DA974" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phygadeountinae">Phygadeountinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is evident from the strong and long sternaulus, which posteriorly ends above the mid-height of the hind coxa, the probably pentagonal areolet, T1 in the shape of a petiole, and the ovipositor clearly protruding from the metasomal apex and without a dorsal subapical notch. In strong and wavy structure on the mesosoma,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Armadilleon</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A0F163C07420F76AD24FE5A888ADEDEC" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F097104652E410656BF361577F8ECAD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Armadilleon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
resembles several described phygadeuontine genera, such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Astomaspis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astomaspis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Astomaspis</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="9AB9E66F67A2051D2BF6239DD2D02883" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Astomaspis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astomaspis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9B06B730C900809D0AF8E831296E348D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Astomaspis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Föster">Foester</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="F511964BF23147955E1B36CDFD016399" originalValue="Föster">Foester</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1869 and
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Bentyra" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bentyra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Bentyra</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D65CC1B8B32B1F5DF92A8F575B9CCA16" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Bentyra" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bentyra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F3E8305FE282608892597A813986B8D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Bentyra</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Cameron, 1905 from the subtribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Chiroticina" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="genus">Chiroticina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="088AFCE77A892C32699C4E0DBA3722F8" genus="Chiroticina" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="genus">Chiroticina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Viereck" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diaglyptidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diaglyptidea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Diaglyptidea</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="8308E9F32515A35433ED6F78148F5D6D" authorityName="Viereck" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Diaglyptidea" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Diaglyptidea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="16837A9069EB2B621A5E5A7154251281" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Diaglyptidea</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Viereck, 1913 and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Acrolyta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrolyta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Acrolyta</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A8984D55983F0744F06FCE73798B3204" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Acrolyta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acrolyta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A1D3A85BD62B30E3BD31FBFED544DEF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Acrolyta</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2790F754E6DD276DC027642354D86683" originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1869 from
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Acrolytina" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="genus">Acrolytina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A2BE2EE58972A4A1F2DA9BB39DB17682" genus="Acrolytina" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="genus">Acrolytina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Brachypimpla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachypimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Brachypimpla</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="592F08329850D559774DE5A94B61D61A" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Brachypimpla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachypimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="87AAA2254A650E31C7E7CA7AB7443786" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Brachypimpla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, Strobl 1902 from the subtribe
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Townes" authorityYear="1970" genus="Mastrina" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="genus">Mastrina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="46DAECD1D88F0B48D208BD952206CB01" authorityName="Townes" authorityYear="1970" genus="Mastrina" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="genus">Mastrina</taxonomicName>
|
||||
; it also resembles some undescribed tropical phygadeuontines with similar sculpture (Mabel Alvarado pers. comm.). In the fore wing venation, propodeal carination, clypeus shape in the profile and shape of the ovipositor,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Armadilleon</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="DB07D159E5AA7A1CDEB64C0EFA13F086" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="35A580069F0E4501A2A7ED865DA821AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Armadilleon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is very similar to
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Brachypimpla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachypimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Brachypimpla</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EBE0839AD979968A5FC871AAB37CCF9D" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Brachypimpla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachypimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="85BD5B41601879B6AC563FF471D64C25" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Brachypimpla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, but it differs from it in the more extensive longitudinal striate sculpture on the mesosoma that is additionally present on the mesoscutum, anterior half of the propodeum and gena, absent notauli and lack of ramulus in the fore wing, stouter legs, and the flatter T1 in the profile. In addition,
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Armadilleon</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="06840B750007A06789D62130853241E9" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="F84E47001073F3A994E019EC683E32BB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Armadilleon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
has longer metasoma as the posterior tergites are exposed, while they are retracted below each other in
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Brachypimpla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachypimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Brachypimpla</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="03C7244D2E403C513C3F5225310A5368" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Brachypimpla" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachypimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="41D24FAB5D0C54E1399019D57DC13073" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Brachypimpla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. However, our interpretation of the metasoma should be regarded with caution, as the tergites might have been pushed out and distributed evenly during the preservation process.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="63178BDB71D5D35714A0B528C2216C36" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="F81AEAA57245D6E65ADF57A8B6A56C28" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0755C4BCA2D24EE002D61E3477784DF2" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8A4A3E26BF5918265F972B8E820F7847" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
above and possibly on front with conspicuous, nubby sculpture.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="96BC8651FABBAB4F19BC6E3C76CF6066" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
with mesoscutum with strong and dense punctures, which fuse into parallel carinae towards the posterior end; mesopleuron and propodeum nearly completely covered with strong striae forming wavy patterns; sternaulus on mesopleuron strong, reaching almost to its end. Propodeum with strong carinae enclosing area petiolaris, areal lateralis, area basalis, and at least first and second lateral areas.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fore wing</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E76E7628A6A4C034B188D4E5CF40D8E5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fore wing</emphasis>
|
||||
areolet pentagonal.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="2D3A9AB48D7A8BFF7715C91153B25885" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||||
with T1 broad at apex and strongly tapering towards the narrow base, humped around middle and thus forming a petiole and postpetiole.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Ovipositor</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="469E0981C953961A3F5CC350B953BF94" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Ovipositor</emphasis>
|
||||
clearly protruding from metasoma by about the length of the hind tibia, without a dorsal notch.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="circumscription">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Circumscription.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Armadilleon</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="12D0E00CFB6741204DC31235CB3E6870" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="circumscription">
|
||||
<paragraph id="5495B64569DF396191879E1C2E5EC94C" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Circumscription.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6A12B9227459BCE6F32782792EA79E61" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="14497D384E6BCE9F4B739D52D32EB7C0" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6AE963788C6DB27599A4AFF266A154F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Armadilleon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
includes
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. morticinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="morticinus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A. morticinus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A95C96C94B5A1CBD65C81BC4501F8A48" lsidName="A. morticinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="morticinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D6DA32B3BA971C07C2B07209605D5076" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A. morticinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. petrorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="petrorum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A. petrorum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="7E2333C685221454E44FECF0D659649F" lsidName="A. petrorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="petrorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="AC2C6A81F980644469E39434AF2134AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A. petrorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, both from the Oligocene Florissant formation.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,158 +1,158 @@
|
|||
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:91C3405E095D5F67847614CF164A8EB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/91C3405E095D5F67847614CF164A8EB5" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<treatment id="91C3405E095D5F67847614CF164A8EB5" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203870866" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:91C3405E095D5F67847614CF164A8EB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/91C3405E095D5F67847614CF164A8EB5" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" scope_family="Ichneumonidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Acaenitinae">
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<subSubSection id="5537D62FE40DB3EA2E29506678852F52" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4935A16C492B66C50476C708570FD8B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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*
|
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<taxonomicName LSID="91C3405E-095D-5F67-8476-14CF164A8EB5" authority="Brues, 1910" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Orthocentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthocentrus defossus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defossus">Orthocentrus defossus Brues, 1910</taxonomicName>
|
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<taxonomicName id="C3C48A41C5D5F48D86AA4B1EBAC7FD38" ID-CoL="6SWV3" LSID="91C3405E-095D-5F67-8476-14CF164A8EB5" authority="Brues, 1910" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Orthocentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthocentrus defossus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defossus">Orthocentrus defossus Brues, 1910</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Orthocentrus defossus (Brues, 1910) A. Photograph of the holotype obtained from the MCZ; B. Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations" figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693066" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="DD951070059C76F4A25F63C1EC20E9EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A885A5EE29365BEC76BEA6FAA28C11B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<figureCitation id="46B68F093E4F8792A38C38F6F23E0237" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Orthocentrus defossus (Brues, 1910) A. Photograph of the holotype obtained from the MCZ; B. Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations" figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693066" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<subSubSection id="905877459356E1A0D537FFA50E2E7807" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="DEE02ECFFFB18CBE9A132586A9D502F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AF824D977EBB1B9D2952635355CA10FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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||||
Photographs of the
|
||||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="DDFD346E91F5518552EBA7C1B9B825AF">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(part only, #2238) obtained from the MCZ.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Teller County, Florissant shales, Colorado, USA. Late Eocene (Chadronian), 37.2-33.9 Ma.</paragraph>
|
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<subSubSection id="E05D24A437C50575B5BD7DB48542FF6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
|
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<paragraph id="E5111F1E7857AE84B983FA0B75394CE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BB53FEB4B7F43DBF617370F505F94BFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Teller County, Florissant shales, Colorado, USA. Late Eocene (Chadronian), 37.2-33.9 Ma.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Probably female. Holotype in ventro-lateral view with metasoma bent under the body, with nearly complete antennae, head, mesosoma, both fore and one hind wing and nearly complete hind legs. Overlapping metasoma, legs and fore wing make interpretation partially difficult. Hairs on wings and hind legs very well preserved. Body length 8.2 mm.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Black or dark brown on head, mesosoma and T1; dark brown on antennae, base of hind coxa, hind femur and outer side of hind tibia, red on remainder of hind legs and T2 until end of metasoma; wing venation dark brown to orange.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="53662FD09A862B4DF68DD7816C274019" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="0876D548A8D3A86151206F6744E81642" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="7531B66540A29E92D4E60DD2C6DB1E08" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Probably female. Holotype in ventro-lateral view with metasoma bent under the body, with nearly complete antennae, head, mesosoma, both fore and one hind wing and nearly complete hind legs. Overlapping metasoma, legs and fore wing make interpretation partially difficult. Hairs on wings and hind legs very well preserved. Body length 8.2 mm.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6935ED75106509CC31D00F7C7FE13F15" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Black or dark brown on head, mesosoma and T1; dark brown on antennae, base of hind coxa, hind femur and outer side of hind tibia, red on remainder of hind legs and T2 until end of metasoma; wing venation dark brown to orange.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="041510594C9CDD672976A0294E0C2996" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis id="03208FAAAF417A1CE559F2D7081CE8D0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
with face bulging, eye rather small, malar space very long and with a deep groove.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="EFA1F746B5A22B323283DF5F22E676F9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
stout, with at least 20 flagellomeres, scape elongate, 1.8
|
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="FF20BB8E756390DA6C66D3B36A3C309B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide.
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||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="38E88014114E1FDA12B68187AD72FC35" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
short and stout; pronotum with a short lower part of epomia and parallel wrinkles posteriorly, which are mirrored on mesopleuron; epicnemial carina might be present ventrally (or this is the impression of a fore coxa). Metapleuron rather high, with what seems like strong juxacoxal carina visible on both sides; propodeum with pleural and a low apical transvers carina visible, remainder unclear.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Wings</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3D2976C45570410B06298CC694CC5395" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Wings</emphasis>
|
||||
evenly hairy, fore wing 4.5 mm, with areolet rather large and pentagonal, receiving 2m-cu close to its outer corner, 4M thus very short; 1cu-a meeting 2Cu distinctly after 1M; 3Cu a little shorter than 2cu-a; cell 2R short and stout (2.6
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||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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||||
<normalizedToken id="D70AF4EC3631E98DD1E93B4AF5280DAF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
). Hind wing with 1Cu almost 4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="1802A19A0FB41AB2239E750C461C3565" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than 1cu-a, 2Cu rather weak, 1Rs somewhat longer than rs-m. Hind
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">legs</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="911731517D4E7E39179D2F4572EF6233" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">legs</emphasis>
|
||||
rather stout, femur 2.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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<normalizedToken id="8D2094403E7E9BA95EE5C5908A0F0764" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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and tibia 4.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="88E8CC08C45D53242A20B26DEBEF5290" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
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longer than wide.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BAA554610AE0E5B878920DC3E2063E25" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||||
poorly preserved, but last segments seemingly compressed and tergites transversal.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Ovipositor</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="5D086A954252E239DF043CAC56C737C5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Ovipositor</emphasis>
|
||||
sheaths about as long as height of tip of metasoma.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693066" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Orthocentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthocentrus defossus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defossus">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Orthocentrus defossus</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="E2352881C84A45B01EDDB3A37955A1BF" doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693066" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
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<paragraph id="AF0532CE83680A570DB1EB5F92FA024C" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
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<emphasis id="54774A6701C42F382FDBB6B3011F78C0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="F42618645D109743F193D7A38A3EBC34" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Orthocentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthocentrus defossus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defossus">
|
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<emphasis id="278364203D8AFBA142753CEC9FDB8FA7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Orthocentrus defossus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Brues, 1910)
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="0B52F42297C24F89E5E6B8374B23655B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
Photograph of the holotype obtained from the MCZ;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7CA015903D8BD189C94D10A22BDFDBA2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C0CD154383C7A1BEB6450C19563964DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="059778F78A373854D9483A86D52DCF05" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="90BC4C554CD3607442768227FA634321" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
We agree with the original placement of this species. Despite the difficulties in interpreting the ventral part of the mesosoma and the metasoma, the characters visible on the head and wings allow confidence in placing this species in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Orthocentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthocentrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Orthocentrus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FAEA930601E67BA636C5D75A60099E88" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Orthocentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthocentrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="2A9C683A225F0563E4EF10824DA0BC11" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Orthocentrus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||||
genus-group of
|
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orthocentrinae">Orthocentrinae</taxonomicName>
|
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<taxonomicName id="D5F84C1FB33039D081442DB82E6DC021" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orthocentrinae">Orthocentrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Character evidence for this placement are the bulging face, long malar space, and shortened antennae with an elongate scape. Within the group, only
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Orthocentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthocentrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Orthocentrus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="052B8585363581D3A53CFB10E0F80032" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Orthocentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthocentrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="EA47B6C525E5F60666D8F2374DC0D16B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Orthocentrus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
contains species with such a large, pentagonal areolet, and the malar groove and 1cu-a meeting 2Cu distinctly after 1M are a further good match with this genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orthocentrinae">Orthocentrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
|
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<paragraph id="6D7028981602908351C3B51FC1AD6C13" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
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<emphasis id="61BD08A4E148F46507FFB46E3DBD06B3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName id="F5EBC286B1EA455098644CE8DB2644F7" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orthocentrinae">Orthocentrinae</taxonomicName>
|
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<normalizedToken id="169A5B404F87636CB4D30B623D407852" originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1869
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Orthocentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orthocentrus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Orthocentrus</emphasis>
|
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<paragraph id="6FC40A47C621686EA97FE0E868640C1C" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis id="804547A42E7AFF0C09F020B9DC12C5A0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis id="568C70521B852049697568D50DFE4357" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Orthocentrus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
? Gravenhorst, 1829
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,174 +1,174 @@
|
|||
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B8CD347FBB7C5F65BF3A26500EFEC4CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B8CD347FBB7C5F65BF3A26500EFEC4CE" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName LSID="B8CD347F-BB7C-5F65-BF3A-26500EFEC4CE" authority="(Brues, 1910)" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Brues" baseAuthorityYear="1910" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon petrorum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="petrorum" status="comb. nov.">Armadilleon petrorum (Brues, 1910)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="187">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
<treatment id="B8CD347FBB7C5F65BF3A26500EFEC4CE" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203870875" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B8CD347FBB7C5F65BF3A26500EFEC4CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B8CD347FBB7C5F65BF3A26500EFEC4CE" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" scope_family="Ichneumonidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Acaenitinae">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2B29E1C023E12BA8313D787812AA1383" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="357E41FD550553FAFFB8E2CDD340581C" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6E8E168DD8B84450153EF508D359A385" LSID="B8CD347F-BB7C-5F65-BF3A-26500EFEC4CE" authority="(Brues, 1910)" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Brues" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon petrorum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petrorum" status="comb. nov.">Armadilleon petrorum (Brues, 1910)</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E512537A97C7B243F34815733750FDC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Armadilleon petrorum (Brues, 1910) comb. nov. A. Photograph of the holotype obtained from the MCZ; B. Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker black lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations. Grey lines and circles show conspicuous sculpture of the cuticle." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693069" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="356557AA2258C7372BF689A14677A24D" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="085D98942804E49CF455102BC2843180" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1DA0E019089151285AFEFAEE13019309" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Armadilleon petrorum (Brues, 1910) comb. nov. A. Photograph of the holotype obtained from the MCZ; B. Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker black lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations. Grey lines and circles show conspicuous sculpture of the cuticle." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693069" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polysphincta petrorum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petrorum" status="comb. nov.">* Polysphincta petrorum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="2DCA4E678C66BA86D429229623F42408" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="AD4911DDAE31AE6A7EA82AAB184EDC0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="11898B153372E8513271BE991A079CB8" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Polysphincta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polysphincta petrorum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petrorum" status="comb. nov.">* Polysphincta petrorum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Brues, 1910
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9D8F7C7815DB675F11122C42D52C2738" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="62414AD2F9FE1CBE2327878D7D08DDB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="38B79A445977F6D0F36F016D86C68F47" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
Photographs of the
|
||||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="FDD9978BD5AE2BC2FAB55B9EE3C82124">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(part, #PALE-2136) obtained from the MCZ.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Teller County, Florissant shales, Colorado, USA. Late Eocene (Chadronian), 37.2-33.9 Ma.</paragraph>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="9D576D5BD1BA829C731AF52129B953EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
|
||||
<paragraph id="585559981F039A7047F695E17F78D1FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="28A285CB74E21FE1AF19B0F5DF648001" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Teller County, Florissant shales, Colorado, USA. Late Eocene (Chadronian), 37.2-33.9 Ma.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="BD8230D02300A1AEE2CA06B466704C13" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="7101199E9DBC89810915F80C5AF1CA9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="6DF594CF948732C62CC4AD47926FE74A" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="EC47B70B5A20790C86A0EA29FDC3D42B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
Female.
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="F6A2BF058516E1B969477A9E05FE9C92" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
in lateral view with nearly complete antennae, partial head, mesosoma detailing sculpture, both fore and hind wings, at least parts of all legs, and metasoma with ovipositor with sheaths. Body length 9.2 mm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mostly black, antennae and wing venation dark brown, T2 and following with broad, reddish apical bands, legs orange to dark brown.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="BCDAD4EA5922820175E3829872DE5214" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mostly black, antennae and wing venation dark brown, T2 and following with broad, reddish apical bands, legs orange to dark brown.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="CE9848723C5427515C9C02D729CE43A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="BA19B206351E15C34F9893A932B90FEB" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
very short, eyes of normal dimensions.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="967CF8F19B28A31E4F10D9E1D6ABB157" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
6.6 mm, with at least 24 (probably about 32) flagellomeres, basal segments elongate, apical segments transverse.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="1C832D3970E3DE5A492F7BDF6D0811D8" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
with strong sculpture; pronotum with epomia strong and with numerous longitudinal wrinkles especially along hind margin which continue on mesopleuron; epicnemial carina complete to about mid-height of pronotum; sternaulus long and strong, with transverse carinulae; sculpture of mesopleuron dominated by longitudinal carinulae on much of its surface. Metanotum rather short and high, with some carinulae visible on lower part. Propodeum with pleural carina, indications of lateral and lateromedian longitudinal carinae, anterior transverse and at least lateral portions of posterior transverse carinae, with rugulo-punctate sculpture between the carinae.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Wings</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BB64272559BB7EEA8B788BF03ED55F62" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Wings</emphasis>
|
||||
evenly and densely hairy; fore wing 5.8 mm, with pentagonal areolet; 2m-cu probably with a single bulla; 1cu-a meeting M + Cu opposite of 1M; cell 2R1 3.0
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="E3B1855EC0E953A4DF6E6A9B8C1B6461" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than wide. Hind wing with 1Rs longer than rs-m and 1Cu longer than Cu-a; M + Cu probably strongly curved in apical half.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="DC7D22D43C7FFFABCC166064B8294CC6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
somewhat hard to tease apart, but of rather average dimensions; hind femur 4.5
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="0ED6278AA7F7E567ADA81B6E80F29B36" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
longer than wide.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName genus="Metasom" lsidName="Metasom" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasom</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="BA8A27DFAA622EB973F0D785642EF8F6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B3A1CE63486499D5CBB5DC512DC76819" genus="Metasom" lsidName="Metasom" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4C46E8C4B048B0C2F6C543E792533776" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasom</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
a
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
seems somewhat compressed towards apex; T1 clearly elongate and petiolate, with strong lateral and dorsolateral carinae, remaining tergites transverse; sternites rather strongly sclerotized; hypopygium short and inconspicuous. Ovipositor 2.2 mm, 0.4
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="868710805114710CA187D7AE4C0EE339" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as metasoma, straight and parallel-sided, its ventral valve with indications of oblique ridges close to apex, without dorsal subapical notch.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693069" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Brues" baseAuthorityYear="1910" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon petrorum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="petrorum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Armadilleon petrorum</emphasis>
|
||||
<caption id="627094B00F7C53C4D7CD42F18DFADCEF" doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693069" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||||
<paragraph id="4EF0A68A9C182460D4FDC0E055DCAB74" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="6F3DC77CDCD253F0D85B4383D0461526" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="6B334ACFAA37206EF1845390F86114B8" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Brues" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon petrorum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petrorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="FED03E9ED1E51D719E9617E90B0C768E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Armadilleon petrorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Brues, 1910) comb. nov.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="D92425CF76FB3A4AF13914C964EE68BD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
Photograph of the holotype obtained from the MCZ;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="7620AEBB4850CD62B67F91372D9717F3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
Our interpretative drawing of the fossil. Thicker black lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations. Grey lines and circles show conspicuous sculpture of the cuticle.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="E6B642B17E6D191769BE8025B9AD14E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="150137BCAC7920AFFEAA5DCDAF188E77" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="F3E245815597598441BC6AB24C7C04C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
The conspicuous sculpture visible on the propleuron, mesoscutum, mesopleuron and propodeum, together with the subfamily characteristics (strong sternaulus, petiolate T1 and pentagonal areolet), firmly place this species in the new genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Armadilleon</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="D41A649160A05075D17E3A82869CA625" authorityName="Spasojevic & Broad & Klopfstein" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Armadilleon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Armadilleon" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="3845B1ED07157FEBAFAB8D5625B52782" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Armadilleon</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Additional similar features between the current and the type species of the genus,
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. morticinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="morticinus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A. morticinus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="FA80A9BDD2399C203D3B3618595183CF" lsidName="A. morticinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="morticinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="97F764F59CADC24AD74F05CB6BB7B6A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A. morticinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, include the short head, carination of propodeum, and ovipositor length and shape. The two species differ by the shape of the antennae, which are much stouter in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. morticinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="morticinus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A. morticinus</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="5598EE67C74F1FB78A8D4A1EAC5FEF22" lsidName="A. morticinus" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="morticinus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="A2BB9F4BEA06745D1D841607C4661168" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A. morticinus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the different colouration of the metasomal tergites, and fore wing vein 1cu-a meeting M + Cu somewhat distally of 1M in the type species and opposite of 1M in
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. petrorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="petrorum">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A. petrorum</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="32C5453725AFD144C5D8FB433A395684" lsidName="A. petrorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="species" species="petrorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="8E409A71E7DED2189FC68AA945DBDE97" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A. petrorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<paragraph id="0AA37B096386CF5FA5C81AD16BB202E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7D4BA7AFD758946D18E0BE6A4A9BEF90" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="B23AA7F20B37B0FEB9B7C411B0A97FC2" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pimplinae">Pimplinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Wesmael, 1845
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lithoserix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoserix" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Lithoserix</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="A86015575D0725A4F0F75B086596B7D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="0509E7B412CF6329E2A8C849EFA74B55" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="0274085F0CF903B4790123B62543394B" authorityName="Brown" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lithoserix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithoserix" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="4690C659E4EFD4D790DB31AA7630D90D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Lithoserix</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Brown, 1986
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -1,169 +1,169 @@
|
|||
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F4178AA8E0C55507B0DF7D82EAB899CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F4178AA8E0C55507B0DF7D82EAB899CB" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName LSID="F4178AA8-E0C5-5507-B0DF-7D82EAB899CB" authority="(Brues, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Brues" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xorides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xorides sejugatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sejugatus">Xorides sejugatus (Brues, 1910)</taxonomicName>
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<treatment id="F4178AA8E0C55507B0DF7D82EAB899CB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203870850" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F4178AA8E0C55507B0DF7D82EAB899CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F4178AA8E0C55507B0DF7D82EAB899CB" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" scope_family="Ichneumonidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Acaenitinae">
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<taxonomicName id="AFF30FDD6B0A32A64C571A7BB23C8B90" ID-CoL="5CGL6" LSID="F4178AA8-E0C5-5507-B0DF-7D82EAB899CB" authority="(Brues, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Brues" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xorides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xorides sejugatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sejugatus">Xorides sejugatus (Brues, 1910)</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Xorides sejugatus (Brues, 1910) comb. nov. A. Photograph of the holotype obtained from the MCZ; B. Our interpretative drawing of the fossil (below). Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693077" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="9FFE2692D073D0F04CA7AF21CC578537" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E0C8743BCC77BCF52740C9D89C239A23" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<figureCitation id="22789BC682F40D7551F154799C3D27EF" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Xorides sejugatus (Brues, 1910) comb. nov. A. Photograph of the holotype obtained from the MCZ; B. Our interpretative drawing of the fossil (below). Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693077" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xylonomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylonomus sejugatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sejugatus">* Xylonomus sejugatus</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="A21ABDCA7BEB876820FF911102FDDFDA" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A19B21FECDB199C4FEE3D4D835FCAB26" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<taxonomicName id="78E2C336D12A8ED79151B36DBCA69BE2" authorityName="Brues" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xylonomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylonomus sejugatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sejugatus">* Xylonomus sejugatus</taxonomicName>
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Brues, 1910
|
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<subSubSection id="E34972CFD3F0EB331299622C6E4ABB36" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="0CA65453D58ECC4C970B704055236359" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Material.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="47AA15510292A1ACF06A84844B1CC86E" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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||||
Photographs of the
|
||||
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
<typeStatus id="E3C12B1EAAA7FC0361B764178719C353">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
(#PALE-2211) and of
|
||||
<specimenCount type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||||
<specimenCount id="643497823778DE6F22EEC4EA3744884B" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||||
(#PALE-2212 and #PALE-2213), obtained from the MCZ.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Teller County, Florissant shales, Colorado, USA. Late Eocene (Chadronian), 37.2-33.9 Ma.</paragraph>
|
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<subSubSection id="71FFF33C049855C5C4C4D88189955459" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="stratum">
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<paragraph id="F65C454553AF16EF6145980824977DFD" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Stratum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="320E66F0E94E6953D7AD10C5493B4E3E" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Teller County, Florissant shales, Colorado, USA. Late Eocene (Chadronian), 37.2-33.9 Ma.</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<subSubSection id="BAA1B848169F171444C225474DCC8E49" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2279FF12D6551126B9B45B6F0BC51F49" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2370B7B0145F688ECEA8159F023C24D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis id="26C44F9E901A050BB8D3652B4D7EBCB6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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Female.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Holotype</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="F9F6D6AA2FF1A357DAE66BDD96D4F7EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Holotype</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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, paratypes with sex unknown. Holotype in lateral aspect showing head, few basal segments of antennae, rather well-preserved mesosoma, almost complete fore and hind wings, nearly complete legs, metasoma and ovipositor with partial sheaths. Paratypes less well preserved, #2212 showing lateral aspect of partial mesosoma, base of wings, T1-T5 and most of hind legs; #2213 with lateroventral aspect of head, partly discernible antennae, outlined but not well-preserved meso- and basal metasoma, wings and partial legs. Body length 17.25 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693077" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 18.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Brues" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xorides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xorides sejugatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sejugatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Xorides sejugatus</emphasis>
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<caption id="995BAA45139C5D26730EAA14220B6CC3" doi="10.3897/fr.25.83034.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/693077" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
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<paragraph id="20546F5FD780F2822AA9718ABDBAA9FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
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<emphasis id="243202DA39F2285B6E19275024E3E8D4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Figure 18.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="EF9C18AD47D9B2F4D3F2517E33354F2E" baseAuthorityName="Brues" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xorides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xorides sejugatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sejugatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="00CDE87EEC0917C0EE5C99A9AC2C0AA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Xorides sejugatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(Brues, 1910) comb. nov.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="E4A51425C5E2BF06F1335EC239F19170" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">A.</emphasis>
|
||||
Photograph of the holotype obtained from the MCZ;
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="959764C1120F10E5508B03368A160326" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
Our interpretative drawing of the fossil (below). Thicker lines indicate outlines of body structures, thinner lines show characters inside these outlines, and dotted lines represent uncertain interpretations.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Black or dark brown on head and mesosoma and hind coxae, brown wing veins and metasoma, legs lighter brown except for darkened hind femur. Ovipositor dark brown.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="197D6EADD7558D4F32B676D93F951CC4" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Black or dark brown on head and mesosoma and hind coxae, brown wing veins and metasoma, legs lighter brown except for darkened hind femur. Ovipositor dark brown.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="EF302271D5B59ABC066964DE4B88BC25" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="D32DECC165189AC554F1D4F6F1A5780E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Head</emphasis>
|
||||
rather short and high, with long cheek, in #2213 with what looks like two chisel-shaped mandibles.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A0C1EBA1CB0FD2B56982CACAA8629E6D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||||
incomplete, but rather slender and at least 1.3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="75D9B6F55A2E3F8A0541230A08ADCA66" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as fore wing.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="610FADA12607E5F4B48AC7D8326EBB33" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||||
cylindric, not very elongate, pronotum with epomia strong and reaching mesoscutum; mesoscutum with long notauli, mesopleuron with epicnemial carina reaching pronotum at about mid-height. Propodeum strongly areolated, with lateromedian and lateral longitudinal and pleural carinae, posterior transverse and at least partial anterior transverse carina.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fore wing</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="289D55D18C1973AF824B9CED9A037491" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Fore wing</emphasis>
|
||||
11 mm, with areolet open, vein 2Rs almost obliterate; 1cu-a meeting 2Cu slightly distally from 1M; cell 2R1 strongly elongate, 4.2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="D0F1670BD2A023941F4A6725424BC232" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as wide.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Hind wing</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="A9C972AB5AED5C63DF4BC9C9FA5E6D8F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Hind wing</emphasis>
|
||||
with 1Cu a little longer than cu-a and 1Rs a little shorter than rs-m.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="3836BCA6DCE0EBD8DBF9C9FFB6457C5C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Legs</emphasis>
|
||||
partly preserved, hind femur 3.0
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="434223CECE8F4A942265B09840FD8BAB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, and hind tibia 5.8
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="2F0EDF60A47FC09441F7B6D6EC6E68AC" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as wide.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="C07BEDC6C60EC73644D59603A0B151EE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Metasoma</emphasis>
|
||||
depressed, slightly enlarged apically; T1 about 2.3
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="8E4F94F4D676C9C6D34ADDE943BECEB7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as wide, slightly expanding apically, with strong ventrolateral, dorsolateral and median dorsal carinae, and with distinct diagonal groves laterally which form part of a constriction around middle of tergite; T2 approximately quadrate, with oblique basal grooves cutting off basolateral corners; T3 a bit wider than long; T4-T6 transverse; T7 slightly longer than T6; S2-S5 visible as brown patches.
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Ovipositor</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="4D1AD71E4A44CC37F81ECD77E8A28FFF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Ovipositor</emphasis>
|
||||
9.6 mm, 2.2
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="25DDC1E7F9503625B1725EECDB59C31D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||||
as long as hind tibia, rather narrow.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="F1B91943CCD24E5A42073FA0D9108A50" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" type="interpretation">
|
||||
<paragraph id="468544725E20B926B727D570F4178B44" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Interpretation.</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="359924B86B415F3EE866C716BE033050" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
Several characters firmly place this fossil in
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xorides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xorides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Xorides</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="565F6748E3ED0F02CEF4ADA67FD2DC06" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Xorides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xorides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="7F3DE86CEAC2629E2D4371C85D7B1731" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Xorides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, including the chisel-like mandibles, long epomia that seems to connect with the dorsal margin of the pronotum, fore wing venation including an open areolet with very short 3rs-m, grooves anteriorly on T2, and lateral diagonal impressions on T1. The only character not usually observed in recent species of the genus are the thickened hind femora.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ctenopelmatinae">Ctenopelmatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
|
||||
<paragraph id="FC11CB5C9989D1C25D080D6BC5800360" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="15B45ECF9B9219E3B15D6FAF0F5DFC6A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="3763EE3BB47B77230DD6E414AF4008C8" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ctenopelmatinae">Ctenopelmatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<normalizedToken id="9EEAEA7CE48387FAB28CB1AE50A135B0" originalValue="Förster">Foerster</normalizedToken>
|
||||
, 1869
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Parapimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Parapimpla</emphasis>
|
||||
<paragraph id="E341B246A32B60F5D43ACD647A21A816" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<emphasis id="9110651F05D2683B8FB437EB88B06254" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="A46B6D8C61DCBD3FCA7C7BBA0077D8FD" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Parapimpla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapimpla" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="C2A412287A27E5EA3AFC99E59DD5BCD2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="187">Parapimpla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Theobald, 1937
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue