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<mods:title id="88814A1E254162B13718A6B07CEDF29D">The First Male Specimen of Blackburnia fulgida (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Reaffirms the Species’ Identity and Phylogenetic Placement</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="625050001FE2BEF1FBA165CB462A73EC">The First Male Specimen of Blackburnia fulgida (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Reaffirms the Species’ Identity and Phylogenetic Placement</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2214F5802EE9F87DD8EFC9459BAC8AFD" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="ED23121907A9C3C7D9580563675E2C50">Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="455EEACD928BFE3150B52AEFBC3FA37B">Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F4F922DF128B2EDAEA30BED9862A5099">Liebherr, James K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="608F829C75D56352E1BF398933FBAAB1">Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EB379CE6204D3208AA65D84A6BAA1F61">Kahoolaa, Raina L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3564D2AEF052B08CC80CA4AD09A63403">Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; & Haleakala National Park, Makawao, Maui, HI 96768, USA & Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B3A155F58790435E325EB0EF5C77BB49">Kahoolaa, Raina L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="439CB58661709542BC61E62A4592CBE0">Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; & Haleakala National Park, Makawao, Maui, HI 96768, USA & Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="56D472ED85AEF8587A6778F19D180413">Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="D95BEFE6E63E671363DB8D9EF66828E7">Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3A9D6016D4FDAE2F6FF5E6AE01E33766">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:date id="EF647AB60E409D3A5F8D0E199592D93C">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="250C75ABA99B807E1258FE69D91D0C2A">2020-06-09</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F2B64D8844844492C162D5FDC0FAB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8200582" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217549718" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8200582" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F2B64D8844844492C162D5FDC0FAB5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F2B64D8844844492C162D5FDC0FAB5" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection id="C34154D08844844292C162D5FDE4FB80" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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@ -47,7 +49,7 @@
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4B20758844844292C162D5FDE4FB80" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498844844292C162D5FDE4FB80" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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||||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA214A8844844292C162D5FF63FB80" author="Liebherr, J. K. & E. C. Zimmerman" page="452" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" year="2000">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88844844292C162D5FF63FB80" authority="Liebherr, 2000: 452" authorityName="Liebherr" authorityPageNumber="452" authorityYear="2000" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fulgida">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88844844292C162D5FF63FB80" ID-CoL="LYNK" authority="Liebherr, 2000: 452" authorityName="Liebherr" authorityPageNumber="452" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
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<emphasis id="B92FDB498844844292C162D5FEA0FC66" bold="true" box="[144,372,996,1020]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Blackburnia fulgida</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA88448442932F62D5FF63FB80" author="Liebherr, J. K. & E. C. Zimmerman" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" refId="ref2550" refString="Liebherr, J. K., and E. C. Zimmerman. 2000. Hawaiian Carabidae (Coleoptera), Part 1: Introduction and Tribe Platynini. Insects of Hawaii 16: 494 pp." type="book" year="2000">Liebherr, 2000: 452</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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@ -64,7 +66,7 @@
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<paragraph id="8BE4075B8844844292F96510FDE4F985" blockId="2.[144,560,996,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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<emphasis id="B92FDB498844844292F96510FEC3FBA3" bold="true" box="[168,279,1057,1081]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The male specimen can be placed as a member of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88844844293E1650EFDE4FBCD" baseAuthorityName="Liebherr and Porch" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[432,560,1087,1111]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88844844293E1650EFDE4FBCD" baseAuthorityName="Liebherr and Porch" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[432,560,1087,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92FDB498844844293E1650EFDE4FBCD" box="[432,560,1087,1111]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Blackburnia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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subgenus
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@ -106,12 +108,12 @@ The male specimen is fully sclerotized (
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE4075B88448442903962B8FD22FA3C" blockId="2.[592,1009,145,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
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Nonetheless, the body of this species is pale, with the dark brunneous pronotal and elytral discs contrasted with the flavous margins, and the legs, including the femora, tibiae and tarsi flavous. This pale coloration differentiates this species from the other Haleakala species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888448442918A6571FC99FBEC" authority="(Blackburn)" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888448442918A6571FC99FBEC" authority="(Blackburn)" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
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<emphasis id="B92FDB4988448442918A6571FD1CFBEC" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">B. insociabilis</emphasis>
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(Blackburn)
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</taxonomicName>
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, which is characterized by a piceous body with glossy reflection and brunneous legs. Moreover,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD8884484429001658BFD3CFB4B" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[592,744,1209,1233]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD8884484429001658BFD3CFB4B" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[592,744,1209,1233]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
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<emphasis id="B92FDB49884484429001658BFD3CFB4B" box="[592,744,1209,1233]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">B. insociabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is smaller; standardized body length
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@ -119,13 +121,13 @@ is smaller; standardized body length
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA88448442913465E6FCDAFA94" author="Liebherr, J. K. & E. C. Zimmerman" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" refId="ref2550" refString="Liebherr, J. K., and E. C. Zimmerman. 2000. Hawaiian Carabidae (Coleoptera), Part 1: Introduction and Tribe Platynini. Insects of Hawaii 16: 494 pp." type="book" year="2000">Liebherr and Zimmerman 2000</bibRefCitation>
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, 457). In addition, the aedeagal median lobe apex of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88844844291286424FC0EFAB6" box="[889,986,1300,1324]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fulgida">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88844844291286424FC0EFAB6" box="[889,986,1300,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
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<emphasis id="B92FDB498844844291286424FC0EFAB6" box="[889,986,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">B. fulgida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is narrowly rounded (
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<figureCitation id="13601BDE8844844291456403FCB5FAD1" box="[788,865,1330,1355]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[144,217,896,920]" captionTargetBox="[285,886,155,866]" captionTargetId="figure-8@1.[256,899,144,879]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Blackburnia fulgida male: A, dorsal view, standardized body length 8.0 mm; B, male aedeagus, dorsal or anatomically left view, in situ with abdominal segments VIII and IX, including the invaginated antecostal margin of laterotergite VIII; C, male aedeagus, right view. Abbreviations: acVIII, antecostal margin of laterotergite VIII; acIX, antecostal margin of laterotergite IX; ae, median lobe of aedeagus; lp, left paramere; rp, right paramere.; tVIII, tergite of abdominal segment VIII." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159681" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159681/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
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), versus more broadly rounded and parallel sided in
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888448442918A6463FD1DFA1D" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888448442918A6463FD1DFA1D" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
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<emphasis id="B92FDB4988448442918A6463FD1DFA1D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">B. insociabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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@ -160,24 +162,24 @@ el.,
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, R. Takumi [Kaholoaa], pyrethrin fog mossy Ohia. The specimen was found in association with
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<specimenCount id="9D5DCCD28845844393176384FE0CFD56" box="[326,472,692,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
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each of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844392C163E3FE06FD70" authority="Liebherr" authorityName="Liebherr" authorityYear="2000" box="[144,466,722,746]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abaxoides">
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||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844392C163E3FE06FD70" authority="Liebherr" authorityName="Liebherr" authorityYear="2000" box="[144,466,722,746]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abaxoides">
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||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844392C163E3FEA3FD70" box="[144,375,722,746]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Blackburnia abaxoides</emphasis>
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Liebherr
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</taxonomicName>
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,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888458443938B63E2FF0FFC93" authority="(Sharp)" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fracta">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888458443938B63E2FF0FFC93" authority="(Sharp)" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fracta">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB4988458443938B63E2FDE4FD71" box="[474,560,723,747]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. fracta</emphasis>
|
||||
(Sharp)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888458443935D63C3FDD7FC93" authority="(Sharp)" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[268,515,753,777]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sphodriformis">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888458443935D63C3FDD7FC93" authority="(Sharp)" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[268,515,753,777]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sphodriformis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB4988458443935D63C3FE60FC93" box="[268,436,753,777]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. sphodriformis</emphasis>
|
||||
(Sharp)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D5DCCD28845844392C1623EFEDBFCBD" box="[144,271,783,807]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="generic">8 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844393636221FE2AFCBD" authority="(Blackburn)" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[306,510,783,807]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erro">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844393636221FE2AFCBD" authority="(Blackburn)" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[306,510,783,807]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erro">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844393636221FEAFFCBD" box="[306,379,784,807]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. erro</emphasis>
|
||||
(Blackburn)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
|
|
@ -196,33 +198,33 @@ Cladistic analysis under parsimony using Nona running within Winclada resulted i
|
|||
, fig. 2B). In the five-species clade (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13601BDE8845844393BA64FBFDF7FA79" box="[491,547,1482,1507]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[144,217,1074,1098]" captionTargetBox="[248,889,815,1036]" captionTargetId="figure-95@4.[246,905,783,1056]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Cladistic relationships among the five species of the monophyletic group including Blackburnia fulgida, along with distribution areas, and elevational ranges of collected specimens. Abbreviations: WM, West Maui; EM, East Maui, i.e. Haleakala; Mk, Molokai; L, Lanai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159685/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844392C164DBFF2CF99B" box="[144,248,1513,1537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844392C164DBFF2CF99B" box="[144,248,1513,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844392C164DBFF2CF99B" box="[144,248,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. fulgida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is adelphotaxon to the threespecies clade (
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844393756739FE63F985" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[292,439,1543,1567]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844393756739FE63F985" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[292,439,1543,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844393756739FE63F985" box="[292,439,1543,1567]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. insociabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844393946739FDBAFF33" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[453,622,146,1567]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fraudator">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844393946739FDBAFF33" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[453,622,146,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraudator">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844393946739FDBAFF33" box="[453,622,146,1567]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. fraudator</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
+
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844390DA61A3FD37FF33" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[651,739,145,169]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filipes">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844390DA61A3FD37FF33" baseAuthorityName="Sharp" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[651,739,145,169]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="filipes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844390DA61A3FD37FF33" box="[651,739,145,169]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. filipes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
)). All of these species are distributed on fragments of Maui Nui, with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844390D761FFFD39FF7C" box="[646,749,206,230]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844390D761FFFD39FF7C" box="[646,749,206,230]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844390D761FFFD39FF7C" box="[646,749,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. fulgida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888458443917561FFFC6EFF7C" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[804,954,206,230]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888458443917561FFFC6EFF7C" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[804,954,206,230]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB4988458443917561FFFC6EFF7C" box="[804,954,206,230]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. insociabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
both distributed on Haleakala, East Maui (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="13601BDE88458443919961DDFD89FEB9" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="4.[144,217,1074,1098]" captionTargetBox="[248,889,815,1036]" captionTargetId="figure-95@4.[246,905,783,1056]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 3. Cladistic relationships among the five species of the monophyletic group including Blackburnia fulgida, along with distribution areas, and elevational ranges of collected specimens. Abbreviations: WM, West Maui; EM, East Maui, i.e. Haleakala; Mk, Molokai; L, Lanai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8159685" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8159685/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844390F7603AFC94FEB8" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[678,832,266,290]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844390F7603AFC94FEB8" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[678,832,266,290]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844390F7603AFC94FEB8" box="[678,832,266,290]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. insociabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
locality records are widespread from Olinda to Kipahulu Valley, at elevations from
|
||||
|
|
@ -230,7 +232,7 @@ locality records are widespread from Olinda to Kipahulu Valley, at elevations fr
|
|||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA8845844391816076FC5CFEE4" author="Liebherr, J. K. & E. C. Zimmerman" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" refId="ref2550" refString="Liebherr, J. K., and E. C. Zimmerman. 2000. Hawaiian Carabidae (Coleoptera), Part 1: Introduction and Tribe Platynini. Insects of Hawaii 16: 494 pp." type="book" year="2000">Liebherr and Zimmerman 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), whereas the two
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844390F660B4FCDAFE06" box="[679,782,388,412]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844390F660B4FCDAFE06" box="[679,782,388,412]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844390F660B4FCDAFE06" box="[679,782,388,412]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. fulgida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
localities range from
|
||||
|
|
@ -244,31 +246,31 @@ was collected from underneath a loose bark flap of an
|
|||
tree, and the second from a mossy Ohia branch; both situations within the Koa/Ohia Montane Wet Forest (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA8845844390066368FC81FDEB" author="Gagne, W. C. & L. W. Cuddihy" box="[599,853,601,625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="45 - 114" refId="ref2393" refString="Gagne, W. C., and L. W. Cuddihy. 1990. Vegetation. In Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., and Sohmer, S. H. (eds). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai`i. University of Hawaii Press / Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu: pp. 45 - 114." type="book chapter" year="1990">Gagné and Cuddihy 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Thus based on available evidence, sympatry between
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888458443918A6349FD13FD34" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888458443918A6349FD13FD34" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB4988458443918A6349FD13FD34" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. insociabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844390AB63A7FCB4FD34" box="[762,864,662,686]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844390AB63A7FCB4FD34" box="[762,864,662,686]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844390AB63A7FCB4FD34" box="[762,864,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. fulgida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
appears to be allopatrically dissected by elevation, with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888458443900163E2FD67FD70" box="[592,691,722,746]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD888458443900163E2FD67FD70" box="[592,691,722,746]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB4988458443900163E2FD67FD70" box="[592,691,722,746]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. fulgida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
found near the upper reaches of the montane forest approaching treeline. Elevational occurrences of the other three species in this clade match that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844391E7621FFD66FCFE" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844391E7621FFD66FCFE" baseAuthorityName="Blackburn" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insociabilis">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844391E7621FFD66FCFE" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. insociabilis</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, with these species occurring within cloud forest habitats at elevations between 605 and
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA3AABE88458443915162B8FC9AFC3A" box="[768,846,905,929]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1280.0">1280 m</quantity>
|
||||
. That
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844391DD62BBFC24FC3B" box="[908,1008,905,929]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844391DD62BBFC24FC3B" box="[908,1008,905,929]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844391DD62BBFC24FC3B" box="[908,1008,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. fulgida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
can occupy high elevation forest well above
|
||||
<quantity id="4CA3AABE8845844390C362F7FD0BFC47" box="[658,735,966,990]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</quantity>
|
||||
elevation is made possible by the greater stature of Haleakala. That this species is not known to extend to lower elevation forest conversely suggests that the ecological preference of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844391DF6571FC24FBCD" box="[910,1008,1087,1111]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88845844391DF6571FC24FBCD" box="[910,1008,1087,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498845844391DF6571FC24FBCD" box="[910,1008,1087,1111]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">B. fulgida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
centers on the higher elevation Koa/Ohia Montane Wet Forest that can be characterized by lower levels of rainfall, and also deeper, more well-aerated soils housing symbiotic mycorrhizal
|
||||
|
|
@ -288,7 +290,7 @@ bacteria that support
|
|||
elevation, but has only limited tracts of low-stature Ohia Montane Wet Forest near its summit (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA7AAA8845844390D46736FC72F985" author="Gagne, W. C. & L. W. Cuddihy" box="[645,934,1543,1567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" pagination="45 - 114" refId="ref2393" refString="Gagne, W. C., and L. W. Cuddihy. 1990. Vegetation. In Wagner, W. L., Herbst, D. R., and Sohmer, S. H. (eds). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai`i. University of Hawaii Press / Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu: pp. 45 - 114." type="book chapter" year="1990">Gagné and Cuddihy 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Thus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88842844492C165CBFF22FA8B" box="[144,246,1273,1297]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C5B7CD88842844492C165CBFF22FA8B" box="[144,246,1273,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Blackburnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulgida">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B92FDB498842844492C165CBFF22FA8B" box="[144,246,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="13">B. fulgida</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
stands out as a high-elevation specialist among species of this clade.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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Reference in a new issue