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<document id="6C4DA5DF48DB4861B4411E4FFA08F076" ID-DOI="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920" ID-ZooBank="CD3A2816-4574-42F6-AF5D-442E232B4239" ID-publisher-id="111920" URI-arpha="6EA720D4-2CFD-5102-BD6B-B9BC90A46948" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/CD3A2816-4574-42F6-AF5D-442E232B4239" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1723473573166" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Baranov, Viktor, Lin, Xiaolong, Hübner, Jeremy &amp; Chimeno, Caroline" docDate="2024" docId="00546F69120055C486725F2DBCF69C1F" docLanguage="en" docName="African Invertebrates 65(1): 13-36" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 65 (1)" docSource="https://africaninvertebrates.pensoft.net/article/111920/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Tanypus guttatipennis Goetghebuer 1935" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="6EA720D42CFD5102BD6BB9BC90A46948" masterDocTitle="Uncovering the hidden diversity of non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) from central Namibia, using morphology and DNA barcodes" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1723474076515" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="5B0148F06D68A9E351BC5C649104D20E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="C49446BD25FF7233813683307C2C544F">Uncovering the hidden diversity of non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) from central Namibia, using morphology and DNA barcodes</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5B82A51BB1969DA706901CAECAF3C802" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C18AF7B577D8B25887E838746B7AD31D">
<mods:roleTerm id="333DBD0E6D0F4A25A776D7C5622C6CE7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9D6F9D251B7A639F57FD66D4A1F2165C">Baranov, Viktor</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8649203D2AF0DFC7A125F242ABDD075E" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1893-3215</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="188E9C7D6D92CFD4E8BED1A39B923EA0">Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC / Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Seville, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="66C3EA2B44D5112D5BF1F9F49D67D333">Lin, Xiaolong</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CDA658371607DE3FA443850DE8019B86" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6544-6204</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="D97E6780590C2DF4E57A9A9962EA42AA">Engineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9010EC7CB8B8F1BFFD099F9232F34494">Hübner, Jeremy</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B0A314908784D673E9AACADDDD49FB83" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5624-8573</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="8DB0320588D972AD80EBB6D9C5B2CB72">Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB-ZSM), Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A4BC91E970808FFAF07EA55943B4C1DD">Chimeno, Caroline</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="88B71C4E5DB1874EF93EEA3A48094C41" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9933-6492</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="7F248C03CF93A65FCC2813D23FB7573F">Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB-ZSM), Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="35F8D14241DE5227A1AD714A5C5AD8CB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="8FD31447ACCFA0359D77C338C120E3DA" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="8C721827D2B5EBA835BF549D899B4840">
<mods:title id="856184C66AF58155F53C71FB3F82231E">African Invertebrates</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="ACFED502D72FA38A0D717AC24C900479">
<mods:date id="A72D765F3A680FF96C4E5D8B95229C9B">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2079C56C469ABB9F4C0395A91985C19E">2024-04-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="09AC37070F80D4DBF16C8C396B05A733" type="volume">
<mods:number id="99EA683B4BE53545964CF9B3B7AEEE75">65</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5E4B10489ADADA147A5768F955138055">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="87AFCF3ECE04516282CEEF121E4770E4">13</mods:start>
<mods:end id="079852E62CA757383CD80041AD2E64A6">36</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="F1E438B3B721FF240AA2F53C8E542866">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="4C138D93371021CACFD38A78BBFCAEAC" type="DOI">10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EF39B9B648CC2BBFC576C1B845CE778F" type="ZooBank">CD3A2816-4574-42F6-AF5D-442E232B4239</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="00546F69120055C486725F2DBCF69C1F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306030" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13306030" ID-arpha="00546F69-1200-55C4-8672-5F2DBCF69C1F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:00546F69120055C486725F2DBCF69C1F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/00546F69120055C486725F2DBCF69C1F">
<subSubSection id="C66468E78AFD46B4E2A808D5B49A8BE6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1D5009CA436E591CF27BFCB3B4323424">
<taxonomicName id="6FDF8D4778C5B5EBFB1565E33308CF8C" ID-CoL="54Q8B" authority="Goetghebuer, 1935" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttatipennis">
<emphasis id="AC597A7793F07E7D282E5464D0E01756" italics="true">Tanypus guttatipennis</emphasis>
Goetghebuer, 1935
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="73EBBE8072A9A9412F63B9CEDBE989A1" type="description">
<paragraph id="9084638370E7B0BF7E2316CF7921C329">
<figureCitation id="26D642BBC5DC54B120901174B04CB6F8" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Tanypus guttatipennis, male A wing B hypopygium." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038065">Fig. 3 A, B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E3KAC" type="material">
<paragraph id="2AD357956526250046B968B669C7A9E8">
<heading id="F38347ECA0A0F0640BD7DB500A9F5BA4" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6BC69AA960CB67B22A11BE3CEC7884AD">
<materialsCitation id="034C85E125C34F2E9B9373EA5031BEAC" collectingDate="2018-12-01" collectionCode="NMNW" collectorName="G. M. Kwifte" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" location="Mountain Zebra Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hardap">
<collectingCountry id="2B955D78FF94ACE06B6F018CA73A69C2" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="0AC10E586B760EF5386E59C20690B534" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="A9682561BB23EB39C1AA8B8ED1A48531" country="Namibia" name="Hardap">HARDAP</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingCounty id="4C11191F25BE99BB7BB6088805F3C1FA">
<collectingMunicipality id="1627DA60E81E1028C295332BC029DF3D">
Naukluft
<location id="971FE4FE789EAC5AB174B0087E37BF17" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:00546F69120055C486725F2DBCF69C1F:971FE4FE789EAC5AB174B0087E37BF17" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" name="Mountain Zebra Park" stateProvince="Hardap">Mountain Zebra Park</location>
</collectingMunicipality>
</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="199F9FF09BE46D054F7C3E9F85B43D49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:00546F69120055C486725F2DBCF69C1F:199F9FF09BE46D054F7C3E9F85B43D49" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" name="Tufa" stateProvince="Hardap">Tufa</location>
waterfalls;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EFLAC" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[16.229100,-24.263300]}">
<geoCoordinate id="E6DCA3C407F4AF0E9D16C206D115F8AD" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.88" value="-24.2633">24 ° 15 ' 47.88 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9625ADC5FCC2728CF06BE5B0301C5247" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="44.76" value="16.229101">16 ° 13 ' 44.76 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="966AA28F11464B86FBC583C4ABF67459" value="2018-12-01">
<collectingDate id="56F6D2CF0590F0F3F3559EFABF616539" value="2018-12-01">1 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="BAA0C8EE6CC1EEF4D569093494D4211B">G. M. Kwifte</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="2609E24CD803ECA28E499AEE2E2A53BE">sweep net</collectingMethod>
;
<named-content id="93FF5DD688818EC6C6F1E55E9AD51432" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectionCode id="1A3E9B3BA85920C20F5985E99EB6ADA6" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" type="">NMNW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="FCF28CCE9F36A64441F452D6E62D8D51" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A – D photographs of the collection sites involved in this study A Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park, Tufa waterfalls; 24 ° 15 ' 47.88 &quot; S, 16 ° 13 ' 44.76 &quot; E; 1 Dec. 2018 B Malaise trap deployed at Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve, Swakop river outflow; 22 ° 0 ' 53.28 &quot; S, 16 ° 57 ' 12.24 &quot; E; 2 Dec. 2018; facing towards the dam C Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve, Swakop river outflow, river valley; 22 ° 0 ' 53.28 &quot; S, 16 ° 57 ' 12.24 &quot; E; 2 Dec. 2018; facing away the dam D Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve, immediately above the dam; 2 Dec. 2018; 22 ° 0 ' 53.28 &quot; S, 16 ° 57 ' 12.24 &quot; E." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038063">1 A</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D291497A4F2C4E7AAE4ABAC535410C29" ID-DOI="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure3" ID-arpha="ADCC287F-D04A-50C7-A208-A6DF86990B30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038065" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="4D31B80A333CD9DC572F1D71B951B8E4">
<label id="7C45E8FC9A6EDDA5212DECBE0FF3587E">Figure 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F92805FE1AF503E97FF7563495977A6">
<taxonomicName id="131C72E6C56A912DC9BCF9801AEA6DA5" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guttatipennis">
<emphasis id="28BAB4B64D8281F1DBBB08991E37D816" italics="true">Tanypus guttatipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male
<emphasis id="5631AF73C30C2ABAA0BD40CB8E595AD8" bold="true">A</emphasis>
wing
<emphasis id="37C199391F48CBC26DD6C01DB946A97B" bold="true">B</emphasis>
hypopygium.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EOMAC" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7C5E0DD2DF7145080F6F36EBD55884F5">
<heading id="780E792125A17FF2EFE1A296992E434A" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3EBC3B39AC3006FCF6014B97E95F4604">
This is the first record of this species from
<collectingCountry id="74570330611E14E8C88417397B27B538" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, the species is otherwise widely distributed in the Afrotropical Region with records from
<collectingCountry id="61D329CE4276C223861ABEFF0F2F37CB" name="Uganda">Uganda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7332FCB2F7145E819E9EB09BA285DE7C" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="700D9C25E1BA0BB022D1B688BB07AFC8" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5C9062173E0D4FD0D1676622910D353A" author="Freeman" firstAuthor="Freeman" journalOrPublisher="Serie E, Entomologie" pagination="238-255" refId="B19" refString="Freeman P (1961) A collection of Chironomidae and Culicidae subfamily Dixinae (Diptera, Nematocera) from Madagascar. Memoires de l’Institut Scientifique de Madagascar. Serie E, Entomologie 12: 238–255." title="A collection of Chironomidae and Culicidae subfamily Dixinae (Diptera, Nematocera) from Madagascar. Memoires de l’Institut Scientifique de Madagascar." volume="12" year="1961">Freeman 1961</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="829D4727E67AFB089A32A8DB7E9DE770" DOI="10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" author="Freeman and Cranston" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pagination="323-329" refId="B20" refString="Freeman P, Cranston P (1980) Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175–202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species. Oriental Insects 39 (1): 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" title="Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175-202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species." volume="39" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9D38591A165E3C9D4EE1A2105A233773" author="Curtis" firstAuthor="Curtis" journalOrPublisher="Madoqua" pagination="163-187" refId="B4" refString="Curtis B (1991) Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia. Madoqua 1991: 163–187." title="Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia." volume="1991" year="1991">Curtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="8C0137C6AAA33F40367880E9E853BEFD" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4A52E87242AD8A050F035428940A7C56" author="Ashe and O'Connor" firstAuthor="Ashe" journalOrPublisher="Irish Biogeographical Society / The National Museum of Ireland, Dublin" refId="B2" refString="Ashe P, O’Connor JP (2009) A World Catalogue of Chironomidae (Diptera). Part 1. Buchonomyiinae, Chilenomyiinae, Podonominae, Aphroteniinae, Tanypodinae, Usambaromyiinae, Diamesinae, Prodiamesinae and Telmatogetoninae. Irish Biogeographical Society / The National Museum of Ireland, Dublin, 445 pp." title="A World Catalogue of Chironomidae (Diptera). Part 1. Buchonomyiinae, Chilenomyiinae, Podonominae, Aphroteniinae, Tanypodinae, Usambaromyiinae, Diamesinae, Prodiamesinae and Telmatogetoninae." year="2009">Ashe and O’Connor 2009</bibRefCitation>
). No specimens of this species were successfully barcoded as a part of this project.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="9CB5A36E0EF49BF226B37636D3B09CB9">Systematics of Dynastor Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2B60DEE5ABA2B1469C2E1A3C419BE33F">Piovesan, Mônica</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9A87E8691574F2FAB719985BD3FA1838">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BCF98BEE3EE6138F4C01FE7F6E2D9105">Casagrande, Mirna Martins</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9AAC982E6002A9762859297E4DD01694">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="21EEDA50282DFCEA28435D4E07642EB0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="07932CB9EDA851F5EFF5D347C8A6385F">Lamas, Gerardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="ED94A5C115E707613A36FA2D458ACBB1">Departamento de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Apartado 14 - 0434, Lima- 14, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="C3F43801A20337BD9E961148FE9E7D52">Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="32368D1BB5DC22693D747E25CE5A23DC">Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:titleInfo id="978274364C01664882F7F174AAF8EF4E">
<mods:title id="B269452C654F4BE9A2B99FBF3978C93E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="052C3EF12AB69377B96F86B7D6DCCB45">
<mods:date id="34246E47E1353C4796CAD0850FF05B15">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="A8D45CD688F3121B18BD0B2001140CB0" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="E0DC4BA7207C3134232A2D4A3F9F4CBB">2024-08-07</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="22E463808D342E535FF63471B5EA9420" type="volume">
<mods:number id="FF9FB0360DAAFB0B35312FA2B745219B">5492</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="EE3E8C4145AB89069C582007305A83D5" type="issue">
<mods:number id="24EABA26475021212AE0F3951FD81522">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="251D8E24CEC9B7F40D4BE78AF4018AC5">451</mods:start>
<mods:end id="506C5E4DC5E1A86E817D33DD48EB736E">504</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="BBB488CE29F3613C791292BDC5DEE240">
<mods:url id="740EEFA2382F514F68B5186C90AD7ED7">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5492.4.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="C463FF749CD1B6E5E1F91B30A7EC00E6">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3BFE4ADC6061B7304462BE085068C082" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5492.4.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="22FBE9166032A1E81E8A7426EE2A2122" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A06457DEAA8D41E1A6E428237E176884" type="Zenodo-Dep">13268990</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B72508A9FA395E0C68CF5E22BC6FB912" type="ZooBank">2A2EF4A3-42AC-4C8B-886F-107FF342292E</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039645158B4E7D7AFF18FD2F33AF326E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039645158B4E7D7AFF18FD2F33AF326E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039645158B4E7D7AFF18FD2F33AF326E" lastPageNumber="458" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B4E7D7AFF18FD2F343F35DE" box="[151,524,726,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4E7D7AFF18FD2F343F35DE" blockId="7.[151,524,726,753]" box="[151,524,726,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<heading id="D0C8436F8B4E7D7AFF18FD2F343F35DE" bold="true" box="[151,524,726,753]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFF18FD2F343F35DE" bold="true" box="[151,524,726,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
Key to the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4E7D7AFE12FD2F343F35DE" ID-CoL="927LQ" authority="Doubleday, 1849" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[413,524,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFE12FD2F343F35DE" bold="true" box="[413,524,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Dynastor</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C325A7888B4E7D7AFF18FCE333AF326E" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" type="key">
<keyStep id="30CBECA68B4E7D7AFF18FCE333AF3461" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4E7D7AFF18FCE333AF341E" blockId="7.[151,1436,795,847]" box="[151,1436,795,818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="30CE57368B4E7D7AFF18FCE333AF341E" box="[151,1436,795,818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFF18FCE33699341F" bold="true" box="[151,170,795,816]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">1.</emphasis>
DHW with an orange marginal band (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B4E7D7AFDDDFCE434A5341E" box="[594,662,796,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[271,1322,605,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-277@8.[258,1330,597,1925]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dynastor napoleon Doubleday, [1849]: Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Brazil, Santa Catarina (DZ 49.739– DZUP). The black arrow indicates the diagnostic character of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13268994" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13268994/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
)...............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4E7D7AFB6FFCE433AF341E" ID-CoL="386BN" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[1248,1436,795,817]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="napoleon">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFB6FFCE433AF341E" bold="true" box="[1248,1436,795,817]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Dynastor napoleon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4E7D7AFF18FCC133AF3461" blockId="7.[151,1436,795,847]" box="[151,1436,825,847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="30CE57368B4E7D7AFF18FCC133AF3461" box="[151,1436,825,847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFF18FCC136AC3461" bold="true" box="[151,159,825,846]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">-</emphasis>
DHW without an orange marginal band (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B4E7D7AFDFEFCC134863461" box="[625,693,825,847]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[301,1291,790,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-358@15.[288,1299,782,1898]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Dynastor darius (Fabricius, 1775): Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Brazil, Paraná (DZ 52.565–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269006/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 8a</figureCitation>
)...........................................................
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFA1FFCC133AF3461" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,825,846]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">2</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30CBECA68B4E7D7AFF18FC8B33AF3489" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4E7D7AFF18FC8B33AF34A7" blockId="7.[151,1436,883,940]" box="[151,1436,883,911]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="30CE57368B4E7D7AFF18FC8B33AF34A7" box="[151,1436,883,911]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFF18FC8B36F634A6" bold="true" box="[151,197,883,905]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">2(1).</emphasis>
FW with a light-yellow spot in CuA
<subScript id="17BBF6468B4E7D7AFDCDFC7B347A34A0" attach="left" box="[578,585,899,911]" fontSize="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">2</subScript>
–2A (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B4E7D7AFDF1FC8C34F134A6" box="[638,706,884,906]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[301,1291,790,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-358@15.[288,1299,782,1898]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Dynastor darius (Fabricius, 1775): Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Brazil, Paraná (DZ 52.565–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269006/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 8a</figureCitation>
)..........................................................
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFA1FFC8B33AF34A7" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,883,904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">3</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4E7D7AFF18FC6933AF3489" blockId="7.[151,1436,883,940]" box="[151,1436,913,940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="30CE57368B4E7D7AFF18FC6933AF3489" box="[151,1436,913,940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFF18FC6936AC3489" bold="true" box="[151,159,913,934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">-</emphasis>
FW without a light-yellow spot in CuA
<subScript id="17BBF6468B4E7D7AFDEEFC58345B3483" attach="right" box="[609,616,928,940]" fontSize="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">2</subScript>
–2A (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B4E7D7AFD12FC6934DD3489" box="[669,750,913,935]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[301,1292,452,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-205@32.[288,1300,444,1560]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 24. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Brazil, Pará (DZ 54.260–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269040/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 24a</figureCitation>
).......................................................
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFA1FFC6933AF3489" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,913,934]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">4</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30CBECA68B4E7D7AFF18FC3333AF3316" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4E7D7AFF18FC3333AE34D1" blockId="7.[151,1437,971,1082]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="30CE57368B4E7D7AFF18FC3333AE34D1" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFF18FC3336F634CE" bold="true" box="[151,197,971,993]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">3(2).</emphasis>
VFW, apex of the costal patch generally not extending to the outer margin (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B4E7D7AFC4DFC34323934CD" box="[962,1034,972,994]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[301,1291,790,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-358@15.[288,1299,782,1898]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 8. Dynastor darius (Fabricius, 1775): Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Brazil, Paraná (DZ 52.565–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269006" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269006/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 8b</figureCitation>
); male, distal half of the valvae without a constriction in the basal portion (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B4E7D7AFD90FC11344134D1" box="[543,626,1001,1023]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="17.[151,250,840,864]" captionTargetBox="[202,1390,189,808]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[190,1398,181,815]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 10. Dynastor darius (Fabricius, 1775): Male genitalia: a. dorsal view, b. ventral view, c. lateral view; aedeagus: d. dorsal view, e. ventral view, f. lateral view (DZ 54.314–DZUP)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269010" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269010/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 10c</figureCitation>
); female, corpus bursae with two parallel signa (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B4E7D7AFBCBFC1132B434D1" box="[1092,1159,1001,1023]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1460,1484]" captionTargetBox="[216,1379,494,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-183@18.[201,1386,489,1437]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 11. Dynastor darius (Fabricius, 1775): Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of the signa; c. ventral view (DZ 54.266–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269012/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
).......
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4E7D7AFB72FC1133AE34D1" ID-CoL="386BL" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1277,1437,1000,1022]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darius">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFB72FC1133AE34D1" bold="true" box="[1277,1437,1000,1022]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Dynastor darius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4E7D7AFF18FBFE33AF3316" blockId="7.[151,1437,971,1082]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="30CE57368B4E7D7AFF18FBFE33AF3316" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFF18FBFE36AC3334" bold="true" box="[151,159,1030,1051]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">-</emphasis>
VFW, apex of the costal patch generally extending to the outer margin (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B4E7D7AFC31FBFE32253333" box="[958,1046,1030,1052]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1491,1515]" captionTargetBox="[294,1299,360,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-134@27.[281,1306,352,1468]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 19. Dynastor stygianus Butler, 1872 stat. rest.: Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Costa Rica, Guanacaste (USNMENT01589299–USNM). The black arrow indicates the diagnostic character of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269028/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 19b</figureCitation>
); male, distal half of the valvae with a constriction in the basal portion (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B4E7D7AFD90FBDC34413316" box="[543,626,1060,1082]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="29.[151,250,840,864]" captionTargetBox="[207,1386,189,808]" captionTargetId="figure-17@29.[194,1394,181,815]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dynastor stygianus Butler, 1872 stat. rest.: Male genitalia: a. dorsal view, b. ventral view, c. lateral view (the uncus is damaged); aedeagus: d. dorsal view, e. ventral view, f. lateral view (USNMENT01589295–USNM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269032" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269032/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 21c</figureCitation>
); female, corpus bursae without signa (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B4E7D7AFC65FBDC32033316" box="[1002,1072,1060,1082]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1895,1919]" captionTargetBox="[249,1348,932,1864]" captionTargetId="figure-56@29.[233,1354,924,1872]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 22. Dynastor stygianus Butler, 1872 stat. rest.: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of corpus bursae without signa; c. ventral view (USNMENT01589316–USNM). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269034/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
)....
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFBF4FBDC33AF3316" bold="true" box="[1147,1436,1059,1081]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4E7D7AFBF4FBDC330B3317" ID-CoL="9BRWC" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1872" box="[1147,1336,1059,1081]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygianus">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFBF4FBDC330B3317" bold="true" box="[1147,1336,1059,1081]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Dynastor stygianus</emphasis>
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stat. rest.
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30CBECA68B4E7D7AFF18FBA633AF33BE" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4E7D7AFF18FBA633AF335C" blockId="7.[151,1436,1118,1175]" box="[151,1436,1118,1146]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="30CE57368B4E7D7AFF18FBA633AF335C" box="[151,1436,1118,1146]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFF18FBA636F6335B" bold="true" box="[151,197,1118,1140]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">4(2).</emphasis>
FW without a distinguishable light-yellow spot in CuA 1 –CuA 2, if present, a small and blurry spot (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B4E7D7AFB15FBA632D8335C" box="[1178,1259,1118,1140]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[301,1292,452,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-205@32.[288,1300,444,1560]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 24. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Brazil, Pará (DZ 54.260–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269040/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 24a</figureCitation>
)............
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFA1FFBA633AF335C" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1118,1139]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">6</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4E7D7AFF18FB8433AF33BE" blockId="7.[151,1436,1118,1175]" box="[151,1436,1148,1175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="30CE57368B4E7D7AFF18FB8433AF33BE" box="[151,1436,1148,1175]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFF18FB8436AC33BE" bold="true" box="[151,159,1148,1169]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">-</emphasis>
FW with a distinguishable light-yellow spot in CuA
<subScript id="17BBF6468B4E7D7AFD56FB7334D333B8" attach="left" box="[729,736,1163,1175]" fontSize="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">1</subScript>
–CuA
<subScript id="17BBF6468B4E7D7AFC95FB73351233B8" attach="left" box="[794,801,1163,1175]" fontSize="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">2</subScript>
(
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B4E7D7AFCA1FB84354D33BE" box="[814,894,1148,1170]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[307,1286,391,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-126@40.[294,1294,383,1499]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 33. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Colombia, Boyacá (DZ 52.734– DZUP; CMBUT1655-20). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269058/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 33a</figureCitation>
)...........................................
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFA1FFB8433AF33BE" bold="true" box="[1424,1436,1148,1169]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">5</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30CBECA68B4E7D7AFF18FB4E33AF33C6" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4E7D7AFF18FB4E33AF33E4" blockId="7.[151,1436,1206,1258]" box="[151,1436,1206,1228]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="30CE57368B4E7D7AFF18FB4E33AF33E4" box="[151,1436,1206,1228]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFF18FB4E36F633E3" bold="true" box="[151,197,1206,1228]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">5(4).</emphasis>
VFW and VHW with a ripple pattern finely and homogeneously arranged (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B4E7D7AFC38FB4E323A33E3" box="[951,1033,1206,1228]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="32.[151,250,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[301,1292,452,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-205@32.[288,1300,444,1560]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURE 24. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Brazil, Pará (DZ 54.260–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269040/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 24b</figureCitation>
)...............
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4E7D7AFB5BFB4F33AF33E4" ID-CoL="386BM" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[1236,1436,1206,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFB5BFB4F33AF33E4" bold="true" box="[1236,1436,1206,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4E7D7AFF18FB2C33AF33C6" blockId="7.[151,1436,1206,1258]" box="[151,1436,1235,1258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="30CE57368B4E7D7AFF18FB2C33AF33C6" box="[151,1436,1235,1258]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFF18FB2C36AC33C6" bold="true" box="[151,159,1236,1257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">-</emphasis>
VFW and VHW with a ripple pattern strongly and irregularly arranged (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B4E7D7AFC13FB2C35DE33C5" box="[924,1005,1236,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1320,1344]" captionTargetBox="[274,1319,189,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-17@37.[261,1326,181,1297]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Peru, Chanchamayo (USNMENT01589343–USNM). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269052/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 30b</figureCitation>
).........
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFBFBFB2C33AF33C6" bold="true" box="[1140,1436,1235,1257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4E7D7AFBFBFB2C330833C6" ID-CoL="9BFKY" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1140,1339,1235,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFBFBFB2C330833C6" bold="true" box="[1140,1339,1235,1257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B4E7D7AFACEFB2C33AF33C6" box="[1345,1436,1236,1257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<keyStep id="30CBECA68B4E7D7AFF18FAF633AF326E" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4E7D7AFF18FAF633AF320C" blockId="7.[151,1436,1294,1351]" box="[151,1436,1294,1322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="30CE57368B4E7D7AFF18FAF633AF320C" box="[151,1436,1294,1322]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFF18FAF636F6320B" bold="true" box="[151,197,1294,1316]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">6(4).</emphasis>
VFW with a thin rusty red band between M 1 and M 3, near the outer margin (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B4E7D7AFC4DFAF63227320B" box="[962,1044,1294,1316]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionTargetBox="[307,1286,391,1491]" captionTargetId="figure-126@40.[294,1294,383,1499]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 33. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Colombia, Boyacá (DZ 52.734– DZUP; CMBUT1655-20). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269058/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 33b</figureCitation>
).......
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFBF0FAF733AF320C" bold="true" box="[1151,1436,1294,1316]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4E7D7AFBF0FAF7330B320B" ID-CoL="9BH8S" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[1151,1336,1294,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFBF0FAF7330B320B" bold="true" box="[1151,1336,1294,1316]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
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stat. rest.
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B4E7D7AFF18FAD433AF326E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1294,1351]" box="[151,1436,1323,1351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<keyLead id="30CE57368B4E7D7AFF18FAD433AF326E" box="[151,1436,1323,1351]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFF18FAD436AC326E" bold="true" box="[151,159,1324,1345]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">-</emphasis>
VFW with a thick rusty red band between M
<subScript id="17BBF6468B4E7D7AFD1AFAC334AF3268" attach="left" box="[661,668,1339,1351]" fontSize="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">1</subScript>
and M
<subScript id="17BBF6468B4E7D7AFD6FFAC334D43268" attach="right" box="[736,743,1339,1351]" fontSize="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">3</subScript>
, near the outer margin (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B4E7D7AFC42FAD43213326D" box="[973,1056,1324,1346]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="45.[151,250,1320,1344]" captionTargetBox="[300,1291,189,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-17@45.[287,1299,181,1297]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURE 38. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; El Salvador, Ahuachapán (FLMNH MGCL 1107875–MGCL). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269068/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Fig. 38b</figureCitation>
)..........
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFB23FAD433AF326E" bold="true" box="[1196,1436,1323,1345]" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B4E7D7AFB23FAD4330A326F" ID-CoL="9C7DD" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1196,1337,1323,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="458" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B4E7D7AFB23FAD4330A326F" bold="true" box="[1196,1337,1323,1345]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="458">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
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stat. rest.
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<heading id="D0C8436F8B567D62FF18F9CF3442317F" bold="true" box="[151,625,1590,1617]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B567D62FF18F9CF3442317F" ID-CoL="386BM" authority="(Westwood, 1851)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[151,625,1590,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
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<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FF18F9CF37BF317E" bold="true" box="[151,396,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B567D62FE13F9CE345A317F" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[412,617,1590,1616]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" refId="ref36066" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1851) n. k. In: Doubleday, E., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Vol. 1. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, pp. 327 - 466, pls. 59, 67." type="journal volume" year="1851">Westwood, 1851</bibRefCitation>
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(
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B567D62FF10F9A3372C315A" box="[159,287,1627,1653]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 24" captionStart-1="FIGURE 25" captionStart-2="FIGURE 26" captionStart-3="FIGURE 27" captionStart-4="FIGURE 28" captionStart-5="FIGURE 29" captionStartId-0="32.[151,250,1583,1607]" captionStartId-1="33.[151,250,1320,1344]" captionStartId-2="34.[151,250,840,864]" captionStartId-3="34.[151,250,1931,1955]" captionStartId-4="35.[151,250,1112,1136]" captionStartId-5="36.[151,250,1285,1309]" captionTargetBox-0="[301,1292,452,1552]" captionTargetBox-1="[307,1286,189,1289]" captionTargetBox-2="[231,1362,189,808]" captionTargetBox-3="[244,1355,965,1902]" captionTargetBox-4="[189,1398,181,1089]" captionTargetBox-5="[189,1391,245,1262]" captionTargetId-0="figure-205@32.[288,1300,444,1560]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@33.[294,1294,181,1297]" captionTargetId-2="figure-23@34.[218,1370,181,815]" captionTargetId-3="figure-66@34.[229,1359,960,1908]" captionTargetId-4="figure-17@35.[189,1398,181,1089]" captionTargetId-5="figure-33@36.[189,1398,237,1262]" captionTargetPageId-0="32" captionTargetPageId-1="33" captionTargetPageId-2="34" captionTargetPageId-3="34" captionTargetPageId-4="35" captionTargetPageId-5="36" captionText-0="FIGURE 24. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Brazil, Pará (DZ 54.260–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-1="FIGURE 25. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Peru, Río Huallaga (AMNH_IZC 00352908–AMNH)." captionText-2="FIGURE 26. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Male genitalia: a. dorsal view, b. ventral view, c. lateral view; aedeagus: d. dorsal view, e. ventral view, f. lateral view (DZ 54.260–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-3="FIGURE 27. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (OM 78.930–DZUP–OM). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-4="FIGURE 28. Geographical distribution of Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851), Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov., Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest., and Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest. Asterisk (*) and at (@) inside the sampled locality indicate that the geographical distribution data was retrieved from the bibliography and iNaturalist (www. inaturalist.org), respectively." captionText-5="FIGURE 29. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851). Female holotype of Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851); a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269040" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269042" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269044" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269046" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269048" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269050" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13269040/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13269042/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13269044/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13269046/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13269048/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/13269050/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Figs 24–29</figureCitation>
)
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<subSubSection id="C325A7888B567D62FF18F9673594303C" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B567D62FF18F967321D31DB" blockId="31.[151,1437,1695,2026]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B567D62FF18F967342E3198" ID-CoL="94YZY" authority="Westwood, 1851" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,541,1695,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FF18F967375B3198" box="[151,360,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Brassolis macrosiris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B567D62FEFFF967342E3198" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[368,541,1695,1719]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" refId="ref36066" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1851) n. k. In: Doubleday, E., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Vol. 1. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, pp. 327 - 466, pls. 59, 67." type="journal volume" year="1851">Westwood, 1851</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FDA6F958340E3198" box="[553,573,1696,1719]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">in</emphasis>
Doubleday.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FD4FF96735A63198" bold="true" box="[704,917,1695,1719]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Gen. Diurn. Lep. 2,</emphasis>
p. 351, pl. 59, fig. 3 (female d); Cayenne [
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B567D62FADCF967372731F9" name="French Guiana" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
].—Lucas, 1851,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FE47F94637EF31FA" box="[456,476,1726,1749]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">in</emphasis>
Chenu (ed.).
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FDFFF946358631F9" bold="true" box="[624,949,1726,1750]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Enc. d’Hist. nat., Pap. diurn.</emphasis>
, p. 173.—Herrich-Schäffer, 1865.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FAAAF946343931DB" bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Corr.-Blatt zool.-min. Ver. Regensburg 19</emphasis>
(5): 64.—Kirby, 1871.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FD7CF92435E831DA" bold="true" box="[755,987,1756,1781]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep.</emphasis>
, p. 125.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B567D62FF18F9043594303C" blockId="31.[151,1437,1695,2026]" box="[151,935,1786,1811]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B567D62FF18F904375B303C" authority="(Westwood, 1851)" box="[151,360,1788,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Crambidae" genus="Megastes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FF18F904375B303C" box="[151,360,1788,1811]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Megastes macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Boisduval, 1870.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FDA6F903355B303C" bold="true" box="[553,872,1786,1811]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
Consid. Lép. env.
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B567D62FD65F9033550303C" box="[746,867,1787,1811]" name="Guatemala" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
,
</emphasis>
p. 53.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B567D62FF18F8E2358D301D" box="[151,958,1818,1842]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B567D62FF18F8E2358D301D" blockId="31.[151,1437,1695,2026]" box="[151,958,1818,1842]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B567D62FF18F8E237B3301E" box="[151,384,1818,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FF18F8E237B3301E" box="[151,384,1818,1842]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Opsiphanes macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B567D62FE01F8E23439301D" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[398,522,1818,1842]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" refId="ref33471" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1879) Catalogue of the collection of diurnal Lepidoptera formed by the late William Chapman Hewitson of Oatlands, Walton-on-Thames; and bequeathed by him to the British Museum. John Van Voorst, London, 246 pp." type="book" year="1879">Kirby, 1879</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FD9CF8E23542301D" bold="true" box="[531,881,1818,1842]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Cat. Coll. Diurn. Lep. Hewitson,</emphasis>
p. 107.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B567D5DFF18F8C13207300F" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="483" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B567D5DFF18F8C133A237E2" blockId="31.[151,1437,1695,2026]" lastBlockId="32.[151,1437,150,420]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="483" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B567D62FF18F8C13755307F" ID-CoL="386BM" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[151,358,1849,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FF18F8C13755307F" box="[151,358,1849,1872]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B567D62FEFDF8C03459307E" author="Godman, F. D. C. &amp; Salvin, O." box="[370,618,1848,1873]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" refId="ref32977" refString="Godman, F. D. C. &amp; Salvin, O. (1881) n. k. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. Vol. 1. Dulau &amp; Co., Bernard Quaritch, London, pp. 121 - 136." type="book" year="1881">Godman &amp; Salvin, 1881</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FDFDF8C035FF307F" bold="true" box="[626,972,1848,1873]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Biol. Centr.-Amer., Lep. Rhop. 1</emphasis>
(12), p. 122.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B567D62FBD3F8C0333F307E" author="Staudinger, O." box="[1116,1292,1848,1873]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" pagination="195 - 234" refId="ref35538" refString="Staudinger, O. (1887) I. Theil. Exotische Tagfalter in systematischer Reihenfolge mit Berucksichtigung neuer Arten. In: Staudinger, O. &amp; Schatz, E. (Eds.), Exotische Schmetterlinge. G. Lowensohn, Furth, pp. 195 - 234, pls. 86 - 95." type="book chapter" year="1887">Staudinger, 1887</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FA99F8C13319307F" box="[1302,1322,1849,1872]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">in</emphasis>
Staudinger &amp; Schatz.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FEBAF8AF37D93040" bold="true" box="[309,490,1879,1903]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Exot. Schmett. 1</emphasis>
(18), p. 214.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B567D62FD0EF8AF35303040" author="Rober, J. K. M." box="[641,771,1879,1903]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" pagination="181 - 224" refId="ref34953" refString="Rober, J. K. M. (1889) II. Theil. Die Familien und Gattungen der Tagfalter systematisch und analytisch bearbeitet. In: Staudinger, O. &amp; Schatz, E. (Eds.), Exotische Schmetterlinge. G. Lowensohn, Furth, pp. 181 - 224." type="book chapter" year="1889">Röber, 1889</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FC80F8A035103040" box="[783,803,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">in</emphasis>
Staudinger &amp; Schatz.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FB81F8AF32F03040" bold="true" box="[1038,1219,1879,1903]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Exot. Schmett. 2</emphasis>
(5), p. 192.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B567D62FAC1F8AF36CE30A1" author="Stichel, H." pageId="31" pageNumber="482" pagination="487 - 524" refId="ref35596" refString="Stichel, H. (1902) Aufteilung der Gattung Opsiphanes Westw., Beschreibung neuer Brassoliden und synonymische Notizen. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 46 (4), 487 - 524." type="journal article" year="1902">Stichel, 1902</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FE86F88E37D430A1" bold="true" box="[265,487,1910,1934]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Berl. ent. Ztschr. 46</emphasis>
(4): 523.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B567D62FDD4F88E34E430A1" author="Moss, A. M." box="[603,727,1910,1934]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" pagination="97 - 102" refId="ref34218" refString="Moss, A. M. (1935) Some details concerning the brassolid butterfly, Dynastor macrosiris, its early stages, life-history and foodplants. Proceedings of the entomological Society of London, Series A, 9 (3), 97 - 102." type="journal article" year="1935">Moss, 1935</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FD6CF88E321030A1" bold="true" box="[739,1059,1909,1934]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Proc. ent. Soc. London (A) 9</emphasis>
(3): 97; biol.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B567D62FB4EF88E336430A1" author="Blandin, P." box="[1217,1367,1910,1934]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" pagination="161 - 218" refId="ref31862" refString="Blandin, P. (1977) La distribution geographique des Brassolinae (Lepidoptera, Satyridae). faits et problemes. Publications du Laboratoire de Zoologie de l'Ecole normale superieure, Paris, 9, 161 - 218." type="journal article" year="1977">Blandin, 1977</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FAECF88E343B3082" bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Publ. Lab. Zool. l’École norm. sup.</emphasis>
, Paris,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FDD9F86C34503083" bold="true" box="[598,611,1940,1964]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">9</emphasis>
: 163, 166, 168, 177, 191, fig. 5 (geogr. distr.); biogeogr.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B567D62FB4CF86C33AA3082" author="Urich, F. C. &amp; Boos, J. O." box="[1219,1433,1940,1965]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" pagination="3 - 4" refId="ref35844" refString="Urich, F. C. &amp; Boos, J. O. (1982) Metamorphosis of Dynastor macrosiris Westw. (Lepidoptera Brassolidae). Living World, 1981 - 1982, 3 - 4." type="book chapter" year="1982">Urich &amp; Boos, 1982</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FF48F84B37E230E4" bold="true" box="[199,465,1971,1995]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Living World 1981-1982</emphasis>
: 34; biol., hostplant.—Ackery, 1988.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FCD3F84B325430E4" bold="true" box="[860,1127,1971,1995]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 33</emphasis>
(2): 100; hostplant.—Urich &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B567D62FF48F82A376530C5" author="Emmel, T. C." box="[199,342,2002,2026]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482" pagination="151 - 153" refId="ref32745" refString="Emmel, T. C. (1991) A note on the life history of Dynastor napoleon in southern Brazil (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Brassolinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 2 (2), 151 - 153." type="journal article" year="1991">Emmel, 1991</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FEECF82A37DC30C5" bold="true" box="[355,495,2002,2026]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Trop. Lep. 2</emphasis>
(2): 141; biol., hostplant.—Casagrande, 1995.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B567D62FC57F82A329830C5" bold="true" box="[984,1195,2002,2026]" pageId="31" pageNumber="482">Rev. bras. Zool. 12</emphasis>
(3): 683, figs 10 (male gen.).—Moreno
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFEFEFF6F37AC3780" box="[369,415,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">et al</emphasis>
., 1998.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFE7DFF6E34913780" bold="true" box="[498,674,150,175]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">
Marip.
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B697D5DFDCAFF6F34913780" box="[581,674,151,175]" name="Ecuador" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, p. 123, 155 (fig. male v).—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B697D5DFC49FF6F32443780" author="Penz, C. M. &amp; Aiello, A. &amp; Srygley, R." box="[966,1143,151,175]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" pagination="142 - 152" refId="ref34690" refString="Penz, C. M., Aiello, A. &amp; Srygley, R. (1999) Early stages of Caligo illioneus and C. idomeneus (Nymphalidae, Brassolinae) from Panama, with remarks on larval food plants for the subfamily. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 53 (4), 142 - 152." type="journal article" year="1999">
Penz
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFB8EFF6F321D3780" box="[1025,1070,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">et al</emphasis>
., 1999
</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFB0EFF6F33703781" bold="true" box="[1153,1347,150,175]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Jour. Lep. Soc. 53</emphasis>
(4): 148; hostplant.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B697D5DFECDFF4D344437E2" author="Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Penz, C. M." box="[322,631,181,205]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref32828" refString="Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Penz, C. M. (2009) Phylogeny of Dynastor and Brassolis butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): a tough nut to crack. Zootaxa, 2134 (1), 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2134.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">Garzón-Orduña &amp; Penz, 2009</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFD0FFF4D352137E2" bold="true" box="[640,786,181,205]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Zootaxa 2134</emphasis>
: 3, figs 1c (male d, v), 4, 6 (phylogenetic tree),
<quantity id="4CC759E68B697D5DFB78FF4D332337E2" box="[1271,1296,181,205]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="8.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" unit="g" value="8.0">8g</quantity>
(male gen.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B697D5DFF18FF2D3259368B" blockId="32.[151,1437,150,420]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B697D5DFF18FF2D37EC37C3" ID-CoL="386BM" authority="(Westwood, 1851)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[151,479,213,236]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="macrosiris" subSpecies="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFF18FF2D37EC37C3" box="[151,479,213,236]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Dynastor macrosiris macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B697D5DFE7FFF2C344837C3" author="Stichel, H." box="[496,635,212,236]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref35630" refString="Stichel, H. (1904) Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, Fam. Nymphalidae, Subfam. Brassolinae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum, Fascicule XX. V. Verteneuil &amp; L. Desmet, Bruxelles, pp. 1 - 48, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1904">Stichel, 1904</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFD07FF2D34AF37C3" box="[648,668,213,236]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">in</emphasis>
Wytsman.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFC9BFF2C35AF37C3" bold="true" box="[788,924,212,236]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Gen. Ins. 20</emphasis>
, p. 10.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B697D5DFC70FF2C32BE37C3" author="Stichel, H." box="[1023,1165,212,236]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" pagination="1 - 244" refId="ref35706" refString="Stichel, H. (1909) Brassolidae. Das Tierreich, 25, i - xiv + 1 - 244 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1235" type="book chapter" year="1909">Stichel, 1909</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFB15FF2C336137C3" bold="true" box="[1178,1362,212,236]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Das Tierreich 25</emphasis>
: 25.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B697D5DFF48FF0B374B3624" author="Fruhstorfer, H." box="[199,376,243,267]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" refId="ref32787" refString="Fruhstorfer, H. (1912) Brassolidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde.. Vol. 5. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 285 - 332." type="book" year="1912">Fruhstorfer, 1912</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFE0EFF0B37A63625" box="[385,405,243,266]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">in</emphasis>
Seitz.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFE59FF0A34FC3624" bold="true" box="[470,719,242,267]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Gross-Schmett. Erde 5,</emphasis>
p. 289.—Kaye, 1914.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFC21FF0B32D23625" bold="true" box="[942,1249,242,267]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Trans. ent. Soc. London 1913</emphasis>
(3): 549.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B697D5DFAC0FF0A36CE3606" author="Stichel, H." pageId="32" pageNumber="483" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref35743" refString="Stichel, H. (1932) n. k. In: Strand, E. (Ed.), Lepidopterorum Catalogus Pars 51. Brassolidae. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1932">Stichel, 1932</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFE86FEE937A23606" bold="true" box="[265,401,273,297]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Lep. Cat. 51</emphasis>
, p. 21.—D’Abrera, 1987.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFD29FEE935A13606" bold="true" box="[678,914,273,297]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Butt. Neotrop. Reg. 3</emphasis>
, p. 394 (figs male d, female v);
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFB66FEEA333F3606" bold="true" box="[1257,1292,274,297]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">syn</emphasis>
.:
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B697D5DFAADFEE9334F3606" ID-CoL="9BH8S" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[1314,1404,273,297]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFAADFEE9334F3606" box="[1314,1404,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B697D5DFF48FEC837B23667" author="Casagrande, M. M." box="[199,385,304,328]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" pagination="201 - 205" refId="ref32298" refString="Casagrande, M. M. (2004) Tribe Brassolini. In: Lamas, G. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotroprical Lepidoptera 5 A. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 201 - 205." type="book chapter" year="2004">Casagrande, 2004</bibRefCitation>
. Brassolini,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFD8FFEC934273667" box="[512,532,305,328]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">in</emphasis>
Lamas (ed.)
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFD13FEC832AC3667" bold="true" box="[668,1183,304,328]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFB22FEC932F23667" box="[1197,1217,305,328]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">in</emphasis>
Heppner (ed.).
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFAEBFEC837B73649" bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">
Atlas
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFF48FEB737163648" box="[199,293,335,359]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" reason="1">Neotrop.</emphasis>
Lep. 5A
</emphasis>
, p. 203.—Blandin, 2003,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFD01FEB734913649" box="[654,674,335,358]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">in</emphasis>
Lacomme &amp; Manil.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFCF6FEB6322A3649" bold="true" box="[889,1049,334,358]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">
Lép.
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B697D5DFC3EFEB632363649" box="[945,1029,334,358]" name="French Guiana" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Guyane</collectingCountry>
1
</emphasis>
(2), p. 18, 77.—Santin, 2004.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFAC4FEB6345836AA" bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Répert. plantes-hôtes subst. chen. lépid. monde</emphasis>
(2
<superScript id="7C4A594B8B697D5DFD09FE9534A63654" attach="left" box="[646,661,365,379]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">nd</superScript>
ed.),
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFD41FE9534E836AA" bold="true" box="[718,731,365,389]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">2</emphasis>
, p. 858;
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFCBBFE96356436AA" bold="true" box="[820,855,366,389]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">syn</emphasis>
.:
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B697D5DFCE4FE9535F636AA" ID-CoL="9BH8S" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[875,965,365,389]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFCE4FE9535F636AA" box="[875,965,365,389]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; hostplant.—D’Abrera, 2005.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFB74FE95334F36AA" bold="true" box="[1275,1404,365,389]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">World Butt.</emphasis>
, p. 94, 245, pl. 125, fig. 1 (female v).
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFD91FE753406368B" box="[542,565,397,420]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">—</emphasis>
Penz &amp; Mohammadi, 2013.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFCDCFE743222368B" bold="true" box="[851,1041,396,420]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Biota Neotrop. 13</emphasis>
(3): 156.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF40A48B8B697D5DFF18F9D7353B3144" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269040" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13269040" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269040/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" startId="32.[151,250,1583,1607]" targetBox="[301,1292,452,1552]" targetPageId="32" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B697D5DFF18F9D7353B3144" blockId="32.[151,1436,1583,1643]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFF18F9D737133168" bold="true" box="[151,288,1583,1607]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">FIGURE 24.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B697D5DFEA8F9C8348F3168" authority="(Westwood, 1851)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[295,700,1583,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFEA8F9C837C53168" box="[295,502,1584,1607]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B697D5DFD8BF9D734873168" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[516,692,1583,1607]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" refId="ref36066" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1851) n. k. In: Doubleday, E., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Vol. 1. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, pp. 327 - 466, pls. 59, 67." type="journal volume" year="1851">Westwood, 1851</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: Male,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFC88F9C835293167" bold="true" box="[775,794,1584,1608]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">a.</emphasis>
dorsal,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFCE4F9C835B33167" bold="true" box="[875,896,1584,1608]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">b.</emphasis>
ventral views; Brazil, Pará (DZ 54.260–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B697D5DFF18F9453207300F" blockId="32.[151,1436,1725,2040]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFF18F945374C31F8" bold="true" box="[151,383,1725,1751]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Taxonomic history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B697D5DFE06F946344031F8" ID-CoL="94YZY" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[393,627,1726,1752]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFE06F946344031F8" box="[393,627,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Brassolis macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described by an illustration; transferred to
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFB2AF946331A31F7" box="[1189,1321,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Opsiphanes</emphasis>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B697D5DFAD4F94636D131D3" author="Kirby, W. F." pageId="32" pageNumber="483" refId="ref33471" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1879) Catalogue of the collection of diurnal Lepidoptera formed by the late William Chapman Hewitson of Oatlands, Walton-on-Thames; and bequeathed by him to the British Museum. John Van Voorst, London, 246 pp." type="book" year="1879">Kirby (1879)</bibRefCitation>
and to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B697D5DFEBCF91A37A831D4" ID-CoL="927LQ" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[307,411,1762,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFEBCF91A37A831D4" box="[307,411,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Dynastor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B697D5DFE4CF91A34D131D3" author="Godman, F. D. C. &amp; Salvin, O." box="[451,738,1762,1788]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" refId="ref32977" refString="Godman, F. D. C. &amp; Salvin, O. (1881) n. k. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Lepidoptera-Rhopalocera. Vol. 1. Dulau &amp; Co., Bernard Quaritch, London, pp. 121 - 136." type="book" year="1881">Godman &amp; Salvin (1881)</bibRefCitation>
. This species was treated as a subspecies by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B697D5DFB40F91A335E31D3" author="Stichel, H." box="[1231,1389,1762,1788]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref35630" refString="Stichel, H. (1904) Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, Fam. Nymphalidae, Subfam. Brassolinae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum, Fascicule XX. V. Verteneuil &amp; L. Desmet, Bruxelles, pp. 1 - 48, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1904">Stichel (1904)</bibRefCitation>
and the subsequent authors in reviews, catalogs, checklists, and natural history studies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B697D5DFF48F8D233A830D7" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B697D5DFF48F8D233A830D7" blockId="32.[151,1436,1725,2040]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFF48F8D23746306C" bold="true" box="[199,373,1833,1860]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Type material.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B697D5DFEF3F8D23517306B" authority="Westwood, 1851" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[380,804,1833,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFEF3F8D23451306C" box="[380,610,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Brassolis macrosiris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B697D5DFDE7F8D23517306B" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[616,804,1833,1860]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" refId="ref36066" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1851) n. k. In: Doubleday, E., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Vol. 1. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, pp. 327 - 466, pls. 59, 67." type="journal volume" year="1851">Westwood, 1851</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was described based on an illustration of an unspecified number of specimens.
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B697D5DFE18F8B634513047" box="[407,610,1870,1896]" count="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" type="male" typeStatus="syntype">One syntype male</specimenCount>
was found at the NHMUK, with the following labels: / Type/
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B697D5DFAADF8B6371830A3" authority="Bd. Cayenne" authorityName="Bd. Cayenne" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFAADF8B633AF3048" box="[1314,1436,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Macrosiris</emphasis>
Bd. Cayenne
</taxonomicName>
/ EX MUSAEO
<superScript id="7C4A594B8B697D5DFE7AF88A34293050" attach="left" box="[501,538,1905,1932]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Dris</superScript>
BOISDUVAL/
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B697D5DFD5BF88A321130A3" authority=", (Boisd)" baseAuthorityName="Boisd" box="[724,1058,1906,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFD5BF88A358E30A4" box="[724,957,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Brassolis macrosiris</emphasis>
, (Boisd)
</taxonomicName>
typicum specimen — Genera of diurna. Lepid. Dbd. Westw. Hew — pl. LIX. fig. 3./. To stabilize the nomenclature of this taxon, this male is hereby designated as the
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B697D5DFEECF84237F930FB" box="[355,458,1978,2004]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B697D5DFE7CF842359730FB" authority="Westwood, 1851" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[499,932,1977,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFE7CF84234EF30FC" box="[499,732,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Brassolis macrosiris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B697D5DFD6BF842359730FB" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[740,932,1977,2004]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" refId="ref36066" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1851) n. k. In: Doubleday, E., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Vol. 1. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, pp. 327 - 466, pls. 59, 67." type="journal volume" year="1851">Westwood, 1851</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and the following labels will be attached: /
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B697D5DFF18F826377A30D7" box="[151,329,2014,2040]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPUS</typeStatus>
/
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B697D5DFED7F82637E730D7" box="[344,468,2014,2040]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" type="lectotype">Lectotypus</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B697D5DFE53F82635B530D7" authority="Westwood, 1851" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[476,902,2013,2040]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B697D5DFE53F82634F130D8" box="[476,706,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="483">Brassolis macrosiris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B697D5DFD47F82635B530D7" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[712,902,2013,2040]" pageId="32" pageNumber="483" refId="ref36066" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1851) n. k. In: Doubleday, E., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Vol. 1. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, pp. 327 - 466, pls. 59, 67." type="journal volume" year="1851">Westwood, 1851</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Piovesan, Casagrande &amp; O. Mielke det. 2024/.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF40A48B8B687D5CFF18FAD03755324B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269042" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13269042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269042/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" startId="33.[151,250,1320,1344]" targetBox="[307,1286,189,1289]" targetPageId="33" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B687D5CFF18FAD03755324B" blockId="33.[151,1436,1320,1380]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFF18FAD03711326F" bold="true" box="[151,290,1320,1344]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFEA6FAD134F0326F" authority="(Westwood, 1851)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[297,707,1320,1344]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFEA6FAD137C8326F" box="[297,507,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B687D5CFD85FAD03488326F" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[522,699,1320,1344]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" refId="ref36066" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1851) n. k. In: Doubleday, E., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Vol. 1. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, pp. 327 - 466, pls. 59, 67." type="journal volume" year="1851">Westwood, 1851</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: Female,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFCA7FAD13509326E" bold="true" box="[808,826,1321,1345]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">a.</emphasis>
dorsal,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFC00FAD13590326E" bold="true" box="[911,931,1321,1345]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">b.</emphasis>
ventral views; Peru,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFB0EFAD1333B326F" authority="Huallaga" authorityName="Huallaga" box="[1153,1288,1320,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Río Huallaga</taxonomicName>
(AMNH_IZC 00352908–AMNH).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B687D5CFF48FA4E33713186" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B687D5CFF48FA4E33713186" blockId="33.[151,1437,1462,2029]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFF48FA4E370C32FF" bold="true" box="[199,319,1462,1488]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFEC9FA40341432FE" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[326,551,1464,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFEC9FA40341432FE" box="[326,551,1464,1489]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFCFDFA40326232FE" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[882,1105,1463,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFCFDFA40326232FE" box="[882,1105,1463,1489]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFBD7FA4F32F332FE" bold="true" box="[1112,1216,1463,1489]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B687D5CFBD7FA4F32F332FE" box="[1112,1216,1463,1489]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFB41FA4033AE32FE" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[1230,1437,1463,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFB41FA4033AE32FE" box="[1230,1437,1463,1489]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFF18FA23373032DA" bold="true" box="[151,259,1499,1525]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">stat. rest.</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFECEFA2437D332DA" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[321,480,1500,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFECEFA2437D332DA" box="[321,480,1500,1525]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFE68FA23346032DA" bold="true" box="[487,595,1499,1525]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">stat. rest.</emphasis>
, but differs from the cited species by the FW with (if present) a diffuse and thinner light-yellow oblique band, VFW without a distinguishable rusty red band between M
<subScript id="17BBF6468B687D5CFB13F9E932973130" attach="left" box="[1180,1188,1553,1567]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">1</subScript>
and M
<subScript id="17BBF6468B687D5CFB7BF9E932CF3130" attach="left" box="[1268,1276,1553,1567]" fontSize="6" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">3</subScript>
near the outer margin, and VFW and VHW with a ripple pattern finely and homogeneously arranged (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B687D5CFBC8F9DB32F63111" box="[1095,1221,1571,1598]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 24" captionStart-1="FIGURE 25" captionStartId-0="32.[151,250,1583,1607]" captionStartId-1="33.[151,250,1320,1344]" captionTargetBox-0="[301,1292,452,1552]" captionTargetBox-1="[307,1286,189,1289]" captionTargetId-0="figure-205@32.[288,1300,444,1560]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@33.[294,1294,181,1297]" captionTargetPageId-0="32" captionTargetPageId-1="33" captionText-0="FIGURE 24. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Brazil, Pará (DZ 54.260–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-1="FIGURE 25. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Peru, Río Huallaga (AMNH_IZC 00352908–AMNH)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269040" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269042" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13269040/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13269042/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Figs 24–25</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B687D5CFB40F9DB32DE3112" box="[1231,1261,1571,1597]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1320,1344]" captionTargetBox="[274,1319,189,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-17@37.[261,1326,181,1297]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Peru, Chanchamayo (USNMENT01589343–USNM). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269052/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B687D5CFB78F9DB330D3112" box="[1271,1342,1571,1597]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 33" captionStart-1="FIGURE 34" captionStartId-0="40.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionStartId-1="41.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox-0="[307,1286,391,1491]" captionTargetBox-1="[306,1286,184,1314]" captionTargetId-0="figure-126@40.[294,1294,383,1499]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@41.[293,1293,181,1316]" captionTargetPageId-0="40" captionTargetPageId-1="41" captionText-0="FIGURE 33. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Colombia, Boyacá (DZ 52.734– DZUP; CMBUT1655-20). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-1="FIGURE 34. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Colombia, Boyacá (DZ 3969– DZUP)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269058" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269060" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13269058/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13269060/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">33–34</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B687D5CFAC7F9DB33A23112" box="[1352,1425,1571,1597]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 38" captionStart-1="FIGURE 39" captionStartId-0="45.[151,250,1320,1344]" captionStartId-1="46.[151,250,1448,1472]" captionTargetBox-0="[300,1291,189,1289]" captionTargetBox-1="[300,1291,317,1417]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@45.[287,1299,181,1297]" captionTargetId-1="figure-85@46.[287,1299,309,1425]" captionTargetPageId-0="45" captionTargetPageId-1="46" captionText-0="FIGURE 38. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; El Salvador, Ahuachapán (FLMNH MGCL 1107875–MGCL). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-1="FIGURE 39. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; El Salvador, Ahuachapán (FLMNH MGCL 1107876–MGCL)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269068" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269072" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13269068/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13269072/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">38–39</figureCitation>
). The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFE0BF9B03457314E" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[388,612,1608,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFE0BF9B03457314E" box="[388,612,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differs from the other species in having the apex of gnathos posteriorly projected and the posterior half of the valvae triangular (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B687D5CFC97F993354331AA" box="[792,880,1643,1669]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="34.[151,250,840,864]" captionTargetBox="[231,1362,189,808]" captionTargetId="figure-23@34.[218,1370,181,815]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 26. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Male genitalia: a. dorsal view, b. ventral view, c. lateral view; aedeagus: d. dorsal view, e. ventral view, f. lateral view (DZ 54.260–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269044/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Figs 26</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B687D5CFCF2F99335A831A9" box="[893,923,1643,1670]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="42.[151,250,840,864]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,188,808]" captionTargetId="figure-23@42.[199,1387,181,815]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 35. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Male genitalia: a. dorsal view, b. ventral view, c. lateral view; aedeagus: d. dorsal view, e. ventral view, f. lateral view (DZ 52.734–DZUP; CMBUT1655-20). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269062/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">35</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B687D5CFC26F99335FB31AA" box="[937,968,1643,1669]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="47.[151,250,840,864]" captionTargetBox="[220,1372,189,808]" captionTargetId="figure-17@47.[207,1379,181,815]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 40. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Male genitalia: a. dorsal view, b. ventral view, c. lateral view; aedeagus: d. dorsal view, e. ventral view, f. lateral view (DZ 52.735–DZUP; CMBUT1654-20). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269074/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">40</figureCitation>
). The female genitalia are very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFF18F96837553186" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,358,1679,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFF18F96837553186" box="[151,358,1679,1705]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFEE2F97737EB3186" bold="true" box="[365,472,1679,1705]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">stat. rest.</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFD9BF96834813186" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[532,690,1680,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFD9BF96834813186" box="[532,690,1680,1705]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFD37F97735103186" bold="true" box="[696,803,1679,1705]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">stat. rest.</emphasis>
, but the paired signa are longer (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B687D5CFB02F97732D13186" box="[1165,1250,1679,1705]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[244,1355,965,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-66@34.[229,1359,960,1908]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 27. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (OM 78.930–DZUP–OM). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269046/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Figs 27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B687D5CFB62F97733383186" box="[1261,1291,1679,1705]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[221,1373,965,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-72@42.[211,1377,960,1908]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 36. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (DZ 3969–DZUP). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269064/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B687D5CFA99F97733063186" box="[1302,1333,1679,1705]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,960,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-66@47.[189,1398,960,1908]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 41. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (OM 41.943–DZUP–OM). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269076/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">41</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B687D5CFF48F94A334C31DE" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B687D5CFF48F94A334C31DE" blockId="33.[151,1437,1462,2029]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFF48F94A370D31E3" bold="true" box="[199,318,1714,1740]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Variation.</emphasis>
FW, length: male
<quantity id="4CC759E68B687D5CFD89F94B344F31E2" box="[518,636,1715,1741]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" metricValueMax="7.4" metricValueMin="6.4" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" unit="mm" value="69.0" valueMax="74.0" valueMin="64.0">64–74 mm</quantity>
(n=3), female
<quantity id="4CC759E68B687D5CFC91F94B35A731E2" box="[798,916,1715,1742]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" unit="mm" value="52.5" valueMax="54.0" valueMin="51.0">51–54 mm</quantity>
(n=2). DFW, the thin oblique band may or may not be visible. VFW, shape and color of postdiscal patches and spots. VHW, number, size, and shape of the spots.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B687D5EFF48F90234343146" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="486" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B687D5CFF48F90232F230C2" blockId="33.[151,1437,1462,2029]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFF48F902377C303B" bold="true" box="[199,335,1786,1812]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Comments.</emphasis>
Compared to other
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFDBAF9033494303A" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1836" box="[565,679,1787,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Brassolini">Brassolini</taxonomicName>
genera such as
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFCD1F90332D4303A" authority="(Piovesan et al. 2022)" baseAuthorityName="Piovesan" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[862,1255,1787,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Opsiphanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFCD1F90335D1303A" box="[862,994,1787,1813]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Opsiphanes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B687D5CFC7DF90332EC303A" author="Piovesan, M. &amp; Casagrande, M. M. &amp; Mielke, O. H. H." box="[1010,1247,1787,1813]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" pagination="1 - 278" refId="ref34822" refString="Piovesan, M., Casagrande, M. M. &amp; Mielke, O. H. H. (2022) Systematics of Opsiphanes Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini): an integrative approach. Zootaxa, 5216 (1), 1 - 278. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5216.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Piovesan
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFBEEF90432A8303A" box="[1121,1179,1787,1813]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, the availability of information on the geographical distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFD40F8D835043016" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1849" box="[719,823,1824,1849]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFD40F8D835043016" box="[719,823,1824,1849]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very scarce. Despite the few records, some patterns seem to emerge: of the four similar and closely related species,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFCDDF8BC32043072" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[850,1079,1860,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFCDDF8BC32043072" box="[850,1079,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFBCCF8BC33153072" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1091,1318,1859,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFBCCF8BC33153072" box="[1091,1318,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFAA3F8BB33A63072" bold="true" box="[1324,1429,1859,1885]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B687D5CFAA3F8BB33A63072" box="[1324,1429,1859,1885]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFF18F890375A30AE" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,361,1895,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFF18F890375A30AE" box="[151,361,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFEE1F89F37E930AE" bold="true" box="[366,474,1895,1921]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">stat. rest.</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFD9AF890348730AE" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[533,692,1896,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFD9AF890348730AE" box="[533,692,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFD35F89F351630AE" bold="true" box="[698,805,1895,1921]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">stat. rest.</emphasis>
, only
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFCE6F890327D30AE" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[873,1102,1896,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFCE6F890327D30AE" box="[873,1102,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFB0DF890335730AE" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1154,1380,1895,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFB0DF890335730AE" box="[1154,1380,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFAE5F89F36FB308A" bold="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B687D5CFAE5F89F36FB308A" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
are cis-Andean species. However, while
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFD1BF8743549308A" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[660,890,1932,1957]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFD1BF8743549308A" box="[660,890,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs at low elevations (
<quantity id="4CC759E68B687D5CFB14F8733322308A" box="[1179,1297,1931,1957]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" unit="m" value="315.0" valueMax="600.0" valueMin="30.0">30–600 m</quantity>
), distributed throughout the Amazon biome,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFE75F84834ED30E6" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[506,734,1967,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFE75F84834ED30E6" box="[506,734,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFD6AF857357C30E6" bold="true" box="[741,847,1967,1993]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B687D5CFD6AF857357C30E6" box="[741,847,1967,1993]" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is distributed in montane forest (2,000 and
<quantity id="4CC759E68B687D5CFAB8F85733A730E6" box="[1335,1428,1967,1994]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" unit="m" value="2.25">2,250 m</quantity>
) in the Andes, from
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B687D5CFEE0F82B37F230C2" box="[367,449,2003,2029]" name="Bolivia" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B687D5CFE6AF82B347630C2" box="[485,581,2003,2029]" name="Ecuador" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFDC0F82C350630C2" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[591,821,2004,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFDC0F82C350630C2" box="[591,821,2004,2029]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sympatric with
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B687D5CFB8CF82C328830C2" box="[1027,1211,2003,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="darius">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B687D5CFB8CF82C328830C2" box="[1027,1211,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="484">Dynastor darius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF40A48B8B6B7D5FFF18FCB036DB3487" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269044" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13269044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269044/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="485" startId="34.[151,250,840,864]" targetBox="[231,1362,189,808]" targetPageId="34" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6B7D5FFF18FCB036DB3487" blockId="34.[151,1437,840,936]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6B7D5FFF18FCB03713344F" bold="true" box="[151,288,840,864]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">FIGURE 26.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6B7D5FFEAAFCB1348A344F" authority="(Westwood, 1851)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[293,697,840,864]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6B7D5FFEAAFCB137C6344F" box="[293,501,841,864]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6B7D5FFD8DFCB03481344F" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[514,690,840,864]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485" refId="ref36066" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1851) n. k. In: Doubleday, E., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Vol. 1. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, pp. 327 - 466, pls. 59, 67." type="journal volume" year="1851">Westwood, 1851</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: Male genitalia:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6B7D5FFCEEFCB03547344F" bold="true" box="[865,884,840,864]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">a.</emphasis>
dorsal view,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6B7D5FFC75FCB0323D344F" bold="true" box="[1018,1038,840,864]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">b.</emphasis>
ventral view,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6B7D5FFB12FCB0329D344F" bold="true" box="[1181,1198,840,864]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">c.</emphasis>
lateral view; aedeagus:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6B7D5FFF18FC94369F34AB" bold="true" box="[151,172,876,900]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">d.</emphasis>
dorsal view,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6B7D5FFEB9FC94377434AB" bold="true" box="[310,327,876,900]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">e.</emphasis>
ventral view,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6B7D5FFE55FC9437DA34AB" bold="true" box="[474,489,876,900]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">f.</emphasis>
lateral view (DZ 54.260–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF40A48B8B6B7D5FFF18F873326830E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269046" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13269046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269046/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="485" startId="34.[151,250,1931,1955]" targetBox="[244,1355,965,1902]" targetPageId="34" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6B7D5FFF18F873326830E7" blockId="34.[151,1436,1931,1992]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6B7D5FFF18F8733713308B" bold="true" box="[151,288,1931,1956]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">FIGURE 27.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6B7D5FFEA9F8743488308B" authority="(Westwood, 1851)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[294,699,1932,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="485" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6B7D5FFEA9F87437C5308C" box="[294,502,1932,1955]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6B7D5FFD8CF8743480308B" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[515,691,1932,1956]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485" refId="ref36066" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1851) n. k. In: Doubleday, E., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Vol. 1. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, pp. 327 - 466, pls. 59, 67." type="journal volume" year="1851">Westwood, 1851</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
: Female genitalia:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6B7D5FFCF5F87435BE308B" bold="true" box="[890,909,1932,1956]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">a.</emphasis>
lateral view;
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6B7D5FFB98F874321F308B" bold="true" box="[1047,1068,1932,1956]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">b.</emphasis>
detail of signa;
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6B7D5FFB40F87432D3308B" bold="true" box="[1231,1248,1932,1956]" pageId="34" pageNumber="485">c.</emphasis>
ventral view (OM 78.930–DZUP–OM). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF40A48B8B6A7D5EFF18FBA0378A33F3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269048" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13269048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269048/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" startId="35.[151,250,1112,1136]" targetBox="[189,1398,181,1089]" targetPageId="35" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6A7D5EFF18FBA0378A33F3" blockId="35.[151,1437,1112,1244]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFF18FBA03710335F" bold="true" box="[151,291,1112,1136]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">FIGURE 28.</emphasis>
Geographical distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6A7D5EFDD5FBA135C5335F" authority="(Westwood, 1851)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[602,1014,1112,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFDD5FBA1351F335F" box="[602,812,1113,1136]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6A7D5EFCB3FBA035DD335F" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[828,1006,1112,1136]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" refId="ref36066" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1851) n. k. In: Doubleday, E., The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. Vol. 1. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London, pp. 327 - 466, pls. 59, 67." type="journal volume" year="1851">Westwood, 1851</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6A7D5EFB8CFBA13355335E" authority="Stichel, 1908" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1027,1382,1112,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFB8CFBA132E7335F" box="[1027,1236,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6A7D5EFB52FBA03355335E" author="Stichel, H." box="[1245,1382,1112,1137]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFAE1FBA136F033BA" bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6A7D5EFAE1FBA136F033BA" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6A7D5EFF5EFB85340033BA" authority="Oberthur, 1881" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[209,563,1148,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFF5EFB8537A333BB" box="[209,400,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
Oberthür, 1881
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFDB6FB8534AF33BA" bold="true" box="[569,668,1149,1173]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">stat. rest.</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6A7D5EFD59FB8535CA33BB" authority="(Bates, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[726,1017,1148,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFD59FB85355A33BB" box="[726,873,1149,1172]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6A7D5EFCF8FB8535C133BB" author="Bates, H. W." box="[887,1010,1148,1173]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" pagination="161 - 164" refId="ref31661" refString="Bates, H. W. (1864) New species of butterflies from Guatemala and Panama. Entomologist's monthly Magazine, 1 (7), 161 - 164." type="journal article" year="1864">Bates, 1864</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFB8FFB85325033BA" bold="true" box="[1024,1123,1149,1173]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">stat. rest.</emphasis>
Asterisk (*) and at (@) inside the sampled locality indicate that the geographical distribution data was retrieved from the bibliography and iNaturalist (www. inaturalist.org), respectively.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6A7D5EFF48FAD734EE3242" blockId="35.[151,1437,1326,2038]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFF48FAD737BB3267" bold="true" box="[199,392,1326,1353]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Natural history.</emphasis>
Information on the immature stages of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6A7D5EFCDBFAC8320E3266" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[852,1085,1328,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFCDBFAC8320E3266" box="[852,1085,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be found in
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6A7D5EFA8BFAD733A43265" author="Moss, A. M." box="[1284,1431,1327,1354]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" pagination="97 - 102" refId="ref34218" refString="Moss, A. M. (1935) Some details concerning the brassolid butterfly, Dynastor macrosiris, its early stages, life-history and foodplants. Proceedings of the entomological Society of London, Series A, 9 (3), 97 - 102." type="journal article" year="1935">Moss (1935)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6A7D5EFF18FAAB37BB3242" author="Urich, F. C. &amp; Boos, J. O." box="[151,392,1363,1389]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" pagination="3 - 4" refId="ref35844" refString="Urich, F. C. &amp; Boos, J. O. (1982) Metamorphosis of Dynastor macrosiris Westw. (Lepidoptera Brassolidae). Living World, 1981 - 1982, 3 - 4." type="book chapter" year="1982">Urich &amp; Boos (1982)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6A7D5EFE4CFAAB34E93242" author="Urich, F. C. &amp; Emmel, T. C." box="[451,730,1363,1389]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" pagination="141 - 144" refId="ref35882" refString="Urich, F. C. &amp; Emmel, T. C. (1991 a) Life histories of Neotropical butterflies from Trinidad 4. Dynastor macrosiris (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Brassolinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 2 (2), 141 - 144." type="journal article" year="1991">Urich &amp; Emmel (1991a)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6A7D5EFF48FA8F37DD329A" blockId="35.[151,1437,1326,2038]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
Hostplants:
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6A7D5EFEC1FA8F37DF32BE" box="[334,492,1399,1425]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
: “arboreal bromelias” (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6A7D5EFD7EFA8F354132BD" author="Moss, A. M." box="[753,882,1399,1426]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" pagination="97 - 102" refId="ref34218" refString="Moss, A. M. (1935) Some details concerning the brassolid butterfly, Dynastor macrosiris, its early stages, life-history and foodplants. Proceedings of the entomological Society of London, Series A, 9 (3), 97 - 102." type="journal article" year="1935">Moss 1935</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6A7D5EFC09FA8F325A32BE" box="[902,1129,1399,1425]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Aechmea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nudicaulis">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFC09FA8F325A32BE" box="[902,1129,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Aechmea nudicaulis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) Griseb (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6A7D5EFB73FA8F36E1329A" author="Urich, F. C. &amp; Boos, J. O." pageId="35" pageNumber="486" pagination="3 - 4" refId="ref35844" refString="Urich, F. C. &amp; Boos, J. O. (1982) Metamorphosis of Dynastor macrosiris Westw. (Lepidoptera Brassolidae). Living World, 1981 - 1982, 3 - 4." type="book chapter" year="1982">Urich &amp; Boos 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6A7D5EFF51FA6337D1329A" author="Urich, F. C. &amp; Emmel, T. C." box="[222,482,1435,1461]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" pagination="141 - 144" refId="ref35882" refString="Urich, F. C. &amp; Emmel, T. C. (1991 a) Life histories of Neotropical butterflies from Trinidad 4. Dynastor macrosiris (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Brassolinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 2 (2), 141 - 144." type="journal article" year="1991">Urich &amp; Emmel 1991a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6A7D5EFF48FA463219310E" blockId="35.[151,1437,1326,2038]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFF48FA46345532F6" bold="true" box="[199,614,1470,1497]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
Geographic distribution.
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6A7D5EFE70FA47345532F6" box="[511,614,1471,1497]" name="Ecuador" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B6A7D5EFDF5FA4734D232F6" box="[634,737,1471,1497]" country="Ecuador" name="Orellana" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Orellana</collectingRegion>
);
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFD77FA47350132F6" bold="true" box="[760,818,1471,1497]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6A7D5EFD77FA47350132F6" box="[760,818,1471,1497]" name="Peru" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Peru</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B6A7D5EFCCAFA4735A732F6" box="[837,916,1471,1497]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Loreto</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B6A7D5EFC2BFA4735DB32F6" box="[932,1000,1471,1497]" country="Peru" name="Pasco" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Pasco</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B6A7D5EFC77FA47324C32F6" box="[1016,1151,1471,1497]" country="Peru" name="San Martin" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">San Martín</collectingRegion>
);
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFB18FA4633AE32F6" bold="true" box="[1175,1437,1470,1497]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6A7D5EFB18FA4633AE32F6" box="[1175,1437,1470,1497]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B6A7D5EFF10FA1B377D32D2" box="[159,334,1507,1533]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" name="Sangre Grande" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Sangre Grande</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6A7D5EFEE7FA1B346432D2" author="Urich, F. C. &amp; Boos, J. O." box="[360,599,1507,1533]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" pagination="3 - 4" refId="ref35844" refString="Urich, F. C. &amp; Boos, J. O. (1982) Metamorphosis of Dynastor macrosiris Westw. (Lepidoptera Brassolidae). Living World, 1981 - 1982, 3 - 4." type="book chapter" year="1982">Urich &amp; Boos 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6A7D5EFDE8FA1B354B32D2" author="Urich, F. C. &amp; Emmel, T. C." box="[615,888,1507,1533]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" pagination="141 - 144" refId="ref35882" refString="Urich, F. C. &amp; Emmel, T. C. (1991 a) Life histories of Neotropical butterflies from Trinidad 4. Dynastor macrosiris (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Brassolinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 2 (2), 141 - 144." type="journal article" year="1991">Urich &amp; Emmel 1991a</bibRefCitation>
);
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFC1EFA1B327832D3" bold="true" box="[913,1099,1506,1533]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6A7D5EFC1EFA1B327832D3" box="[913,1099,1506,1533]" name="French Guiana" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(Cayenne, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni);
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFE8DF9FE3778310F" bold="true" box="[258,331,1542,1568]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6A7D5EFE8DF9FE3778310F" box="[258,331,1542,1568]" name="Brazil" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(Amazonas, Pará) (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6A7D5EFDA5F9FF344E310E" box="[554,637,1543,1569]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1089]" captionTargetId="figure-17@35.[189,1398,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 28. Geographical distribution of Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851), Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov., Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest., and Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest. Asterisk (*) and at (@) inside the sampled locality indicate that the geographical distribution data was retrieved from the bibliography and iNaturalist (www. inaturalist.org), respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269048/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
), at elevations between 30 and
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B6A7D5EFC53F9FF3219310E" box="[988,1066,1543,1569]" count="600" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CC759E68B6A7D5EFC53F9FF3215310E" box="[988,1062,1543,1569]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6A7D5EFF48F9D334343146" blockId="35.[151,1437,1326,2038]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFF48F9D337EE316B" bold="true" box="[199,477,1578,1605]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Temporal distribution.</emphasis>
May (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6A7D5EFDBDF9D3348A3169" author="Moss, A. M." box="[562,697,1579,1606]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" pagination="97 - 102" refId="ref34218" refString="Moss, A. M. (1935) Some details concerning the brassolid butterfly, Dynastor macrosiris, its early stages, life-history and foodplants. Proceedings of the entomological Society of London, Series A, 9 (3), 97 - 102." type="journal article" year="1935">Moss 1935</bibRefCitation>
), June, August, October (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6A7D5EFC61F9D33335316A" author="Urich, F. C. &amp; Emmel, T. C." box="[1006,1286,1579,1605]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" pagination="141 - 144" refId="ref35882" refString="Urich, F. C. &amp; Emmel, T. C. (1991 a) Life histories of Neotropical butterflies from Trinidad 4. Dynastor macrosiris (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Brassolinae). Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 2 (2), 141 - 144." type="journal article" year="1991">Urich &amp; Emmel 1991a</bibRefCitation>
), November, December (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6A7D5EFE96F9B737C83146" author="Urich, F. C. &amp; Boos, J. O." box="[281,507,1615,1641]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" pagination="3 - 4" refId="ref35844" refString="Urich, F. C. &amp; Boos, J. O. (1982) Metamorphosis of Dynastor macrosiris Westw. (Lepidoptera Brassolidae). Living World, 1981 - 1982, 3 - 4." type="book chapter" year="1982">Urich &amp; Boos 1982</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B6A7D59FF48F98B34E637FA" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="487" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6A7D5EFF48F98B35C231A2" blockId="35.[151,1437,1326,2038]" box="[199,1009,1651,1677]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFF48F98B377D31A2" bold="true" box="[199,334,1651,1677]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Etymology.</emphasis>
Possibly refers to a giant individual from Greek mythology.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6A7D5EFF48F96E32AB30A6" blockId="35.[151,1437,1326,2038]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFF48F96E37F4319F" bold="true" box="[199,455,1686,1712]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
Photos of the
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B6A7D5EFDE6F96F34E3319E" box="[617,720,1687,1713]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6A7D5EFD7AF96F35EF319E" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1851" box="[757,988,1687,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFD7AF96F35EF319E" box="[757,988,1687,1713]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Brassolis macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6A7D5EFC64F96F320D319E" box="[1003,1086,1687,1713]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1285,1309]" captionTargetBox="[189,1391,245,1262]" captionTargetId="figure-33@36.[189,1398,237,1262]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851). Female holotype of Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851); a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269050/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
), and the following specimens:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFF18F94336D031FA" bold="true" box="[151,227,1723,1749]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6A7D5EFF18F94336D031FA" box="[151,227,1723,1749]" name="Peru" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">PERU</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6A7D5EFF7DF94237A231FA" authority="Huallaga" authorityName="Huallaga" box="[242,401,1722,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFF7DF94237A231FA" bold="true" box="[242,401,1722,1749]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Río Huallaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—no locality,
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B6A7D5EFDBFF94334A631FA" box="[560,661,1723,1749]" count="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, ex-coll. F. Johnson, AMNH_IZC 00352908 (AMNH).
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFA89F943336531FA" bold="true" box="[1286,1366,1723,1749]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B6A7D5EFA89F943336531FA" box="[1286,1366,1723,1749]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Loreto</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
—San Juan de Polis,
<date id="FF81D2C38B6A7D5EFEB1F92737F631D6" box="[318,453,1759,1785]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" value="2010-11-14">14-XI-2010</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B6A7D5EFE5DF927340831D6" box="[466,571,1759,1785]" count="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
*, Ramírez leg., OM 78.930 (DZUP-OM),
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6A7D5EFBAEF927329831D6" authority="Momon" authorityName="Momon" box="[1057,1195,1759,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Río Momón</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFB32F92733BF31D6" box="[1213,1420,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">San Juan de Polis</emphasis>
),
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B6A7D5EFF18F8FB36C53032" box="[151,246,1795,1821]" degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" precision="925" value="-3.6166668">03°37’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B6A7D5EFE8BF8FB37583031" box="[260,363,1795,1822]" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" precision="925" value="-73.416664">73°25’W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CC759E68B6A7D5EFEF5F8FB37F53032" box="[378,454,1795,1821]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" unit="m" value="130.0">130 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF81D2C38B6A7D5EFE5AF8FB346F3032" box="[469,604,1795,1821]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" value="2010-11-14">14-XI-2010</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B6A7D5EFDE5F8FB34883032" box="[618,699,1795,1821]" count="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, J. J. Ramírez leg. (MUSM),
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6A7D5EFB97F8FB33133032" authority="Ampiyacu (Pebas)" box="[1048,1312,1795,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
Río Ampiyacu (
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFB5EF8FB33263032" box="[1233,1301,1795,1821]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Pebas</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
, [
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B6A7D5EFAB8F8FB33A43032" box="[1335,1431,1795,1821]" degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" precision="925" value="-3.3166666">03°19’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B6A7D5EFF18F8DF3731306D" box="[151,258,1831,1858]" degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" precision="925" value="-71.85">71°51’W</geoCoordinate>
],
<quantity id="4CC759E68B6A7D5EFE99F8DF3753306E" box="[278,352,1831,1857]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
,
<date id="FF81D2C38B6A7D5EFEE3F8DF37FE306E" box="[364,461,1831,1857]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" value="1992-11">XI-1992</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B6A7D5EFE56F8DF340D306E" box="[473,574,1831,1857]" count="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, H. Lequerica leg. (MUSM).
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFC04F8DF35FC306E" bold="true" box="[907,975,1831,1857]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B6A7D5EFC04F8DF35FC306E" box="[907,975,1831,1857]" country="Peru" name="Pasco" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Pasco</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
—[
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6A7D5EFC7AF8DF3213306E" box="[1013,1056,1831,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Río</taxonomicName>
] Pichis,
<quantity id="4CC759E68B6A7D5EFB0EF8DF32F8306E" box="[1153,1227,1831,1857]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
,
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B6A7D5EFB58F8DF330F306E" box="[1239,1340,1831,1857]" count="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, ex-coll. LeMoult, UFFLMNH MGCL 1107878 (MGCL).
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFD5FF8B23508304B" bold="true" box="[720,827,1866,1892]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6A7D5EFD5FF8B23508304B" box="[720,827,1866,1892]" name="Brazil" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFCC3F8B235FB304B" bold="true" box="[844,968,1866,1892]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Amazonas</emphasis>
—
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6A7D5EFC69F8B332DF304A" authority="Paulo de Olivenca" authorityName="Paulo de Olivenca" box="[998,1260,1867,1893]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Fazenda" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sao">São Paulo de Olivença</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="FF81D2C38B6A7D5EFB75F8B333B2304A" box="[1274,1409,1867,1893]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" value="1934-06-20">20-VI-1934</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B6A7D5EFA01F8B336DA30A6" count="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
*, ex-coll. Gagarin, DZ 2356 (DZUP).
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFD17F89634E130A6" bold="true" box="[664,722,1902,1929]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Pará</emphasis>
—Óbidos,
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B6A7D5EFCC2F89735AD30A6" box="[845,926,1903,1929]" count="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
*, DZ 54.260 (DZUP).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6A7D59FF48F86B34E637FA" blockId="35.[151,1437,1326,2038]" lastBlockId="36.[151,1437,150,213]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="487" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<materialsCitation id="3B57FE5E8B6A7D5EFF48F86B379030FE" collectingDate="2014-08-13" collectingDateMax="2022-11-28" collectingDateMin="2014-08-13" country="Ecuador" latitude="5.3273335" location="Parque Nacional Yasuni" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.06625" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Orellana">
iNaturalist records:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFE36F86A34743083" bold="true" box="[441,583,1938,1964]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6A7D5EFE36F86A34743083" box="[441,583,1938,1964]" name="Ecuador" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFDD1F86A34F43083" bold="true" box="[606,711,1938,1964]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B6A7D5EFDD1F86A34F43083" box="[606,711,1938,1964]" country="Ecuador" name="Orellana" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">Orellana</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
—
<location id="8EE0A2D88B6A7D5EFD6BF86B32353082" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039645158B567D59FF18F9CF34E637FA:8EE0A2D88B6A7D5EFD6BF86B32353082" box="[740,1030,1939,1965]" country="Ecuador" latitude="5.3273335" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.06625" name="Parque Nacional Yasuni" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" stateProvince="Orellana">Parque Nacional Yasuní</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B6A7D5EFB94F86B329A3082" box="[1051,1193,1939,1965]" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" precision="1" seconds="26.9" value="-0.6741389">0°40’26.9”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B6A7D5EFB31F86B33513081" box="[1214,1378,1939,1966]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" precision="1" seconds="53.2" value="-76.39811">76°23’53.2”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF81D2C38B6A7D5EFAF8F86B36CA30FE" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" value="2022-11-28">
<collectingDate id="EFC52B2B8B6A7D5EFAF8F86B36CA30FE" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" value="2022-11-28">28- XI-2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, Pablo Alvia.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B57FE5E8B6A7D5EFE3CF84F36D930DA" collectingDate="2014-08-13" collectingDateMax="2022-11-28" collectingDateMin="2014-08-13" country="Ecuador" latitude="5.3273335" location="Parque Nacional Yasuni" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.06625" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Orellana">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFE3CF84F37CC30FE" bold="true" box="[435,511,1975,2001]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6A7D5EFE3CF84F37CC30FE" box="[435,511,1975,2001]" name="Peru" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">PERU</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFD97F84E349F30FE" bold="true" box="[536,684,1974,2001]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B6A7D5EFD97F84E349F30FE" box="[536,684,1974,2001]" country="Peru" name="San Martin" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">San Martín</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
—Tarapoto,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B6A7D5EFCCDF84F35E330FE" box="[834,976,1975,2001]" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" precision="1" seconds="2.64" value="-6.4674">6°28’2.64”S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B6A7D5EFC6AF84F329A30FE" box="[997,1193,1975,2002]" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" precision="1" seconds="45.34" value="-76.32926">76°19’45.34” W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF81D2C38B6A7D5EFB32F84F336430FE" box="[1213,1367,1975,2001]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" value="2014-08-13">
<collectingDate id="EFC52B2B8B6A7D5EFB32F84F336430FE" box="[1213,1367,1975,2001]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" value="2014-08-13">13-VIII-2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, Neil Rosser.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B57FE5E8B6A7D5EFF7AF82233AA30DA" box="[245,1433,2010,2038]" collectingDate="2014-08-13" collectingDateMax="2022-11-28" collectingDateMin="2014-08-13" country="Ecuador" latitude="5.3273335" location="Parque Nacional Yasuni" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-54.06625" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Orellana">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6A7D5EFF7AF82237DA30DB" bold="true" box="[245,489,2010,2036]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6A7D5EFF7AF82237DA30DB" box="[245,489,2010,2036]" name="French Guiana" pageId="35" pageNumber="486">FRENCH GUIANA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B6A7D5EFCACF823358530D9" box="[803,950,2011,2038]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" precision="1" seconds="38.4" value="5.3273335">5°19’38.4”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B6A7D5EFC48F823325830D9" box="[967,1131,2011,2038]" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" precision="1" seconds="58.5" value="-54.06625">54°03’58.5”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF81D2C38B6A7D5EFBF4F823332630DA" box="[1147,1301,2011,2037]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" value="2020-08-31">
<collectingDate id="EFC52B2B8B6A7D5EFBF4F823332630DA" box="[1147,1301,2011,2037]" pageId="35" pageNumber="486" value="2020-08-31">31-VIII-2020</collectingDate>
</date>
, Lejocelyn
</materialsCitation>
. (available at: inaturalist.org/observations/143197928; inaturalist.org/observations/107165178; inaturalist.org/ observations/150021014. Accessed
<date id="FF81D2C38B6D7D59FDA7FF4334FA37FA" box="[552,713,187,213]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" value="2023-06-30">June 30, 2023</date>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="1D9ECC1FD039CE9FFDC3E137DB298DC6">Systematics of Dynastor Doubleday, [1849] (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Brassolini)</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="C325A7888B6D7D59FF18FA6C34943281" box="[151,679,1427,1454]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6D7D59FF18FA6C34943281" blockId="36.[151,679,1427,1490]" box="[151,679,1427,1454]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
<heading id="D0C8436F8B6D7D59FF18FA6C34943281" bold="true" box="[151,679,1427,1454]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FF18FA6C34943281" bold="true" box="[151,679,1427,1454]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6D7D59FF18FA6C34023281" ID-CoL="9BFKY" authority="Stichel, 1908" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[151,561,1427,1454]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FF18FA6C37B93281" bold="true" box="[151,394,1427,1454]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FE1DFA6C34023281" author="Stichel, H." box="[402,561,1428,1454]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6D7D59FDB7FA6C34943281" box="[568,679,1428,1454]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B6D7D59FF18FA40376232FD" box="[151,337,1464,1490]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6D7D59FF18FA40376232FD" blockId="36.[151,679,1427,1490]" box="[151,337,1464,1490]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
(
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6D7D59FF10FA4036C532FD" box="[159,246,1464,1490]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1089]" captionTargetId="figure-17@35.[189,1398,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 28. Geographical distribution of Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851), Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov., Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest., and Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest. Asterisk (*) and at (@) inside the sampled locality indicate that the geographical distribution data was retrieved from the bibliography and iNaturalist (www. inaturalist.org), respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269048/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Figs 28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6D7D59FE8DFA40377A32FD" box="[258,329,1464,1490]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 30" captionStart-1="FIGURE 31" captionStart-2="FIGURE 32" captionStartId-0="37.[151,250,1320,1344]" captionStartId-1="38.[151,250,1153,1177]" captionStartId-2="39.[151,250,1313,1337]" captionTargetBox-0="[274,1319,189,1289]" captionTargetBox-1="[215,1383,186,1123]" captionTargetBox-2="[192,1391,189,1289]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@37.[261,1326,181,1297]" captionTargetId-1="figure-23@38.[200,1387,181,1129]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@39.[189,1398,181,1289]" captionTargetPageId-0="37" captionTargetPageId-1="38" captionTargetPageId-2="39" captionText-0="FIGURE 30. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Peru, Chanchamayo (USNMENT01589343–USNM). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-1="FIGURE 31. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov.: female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (USNMENT01589343–USNM). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-2="FIGURE 32. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov. Male lectotype of Dynastor pharnaces stat. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269052" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269054" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269056" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13269052/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13269054/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13269056/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">30–32</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B6D7D59FF18FA0532853181" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6D7D59FF18FA05326531A0" blockId="36.[151,1437,1532,1802]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6D7D59FF18FA053450313B" ID-CoL="5GZVR" authority="Stichel, 1908" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,611,1532,1556]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="macrosiris" subSpecies="pharnaces">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FF18FA0537E5313B" box="[151,470,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Dynastor macrosiris pharnaces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FE54FA043450313B" author="Stichel, H." box="[475,611,1532,1556]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FDE3FA04352F313B" bold="true" box="[620,796,1532,1556]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Berl. ent. Ztschr</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FCA7FA043572313B" bold="true" box="[808,833,1532,1556]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">52</emphasis>
(3): 174,
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B6D7D59FC12FA0435D3313B" box="[925,992,1532,1556]" count="1" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
“
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B6D7D59FC7FFA043212313B" box="[1008,1057,1532,1556]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">type</typeStatus>
”, Coroico, [La Paz],
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6D7D59FB7CFA043373313B" box="[1267,1344,1532,1556]" name="Bolivia" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CC759E68B6D7D59FAC5FA0433AB313B" box="[1354,1432,1532,1556]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
, Garlepp
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FE90F9E3370D311C" box="[287,318,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">leg</emphasis>
.; collection Staudinger, Mus[eum] Berol[inensis] [MfN].—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FC16F9E33217311C" author="Stichel, H." box="[921,1060,1563,1587]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="1 - 244" refId="ref35706" refString="Stichel, H. (1909) Brassolidae. Das Tierreich, 25, i - xiv + 1 - 244 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1235" type="book chapter" year="1909">Stichel, 1909</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FBA2F9E332EC311C" bold="true" box="[1069,1247,1563,1587]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Das Tierreich 25</emphasis>
: 26.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FAADF9E336CF317D" author="Fruhstorfer, H." pageId="36" pageNumber="487" refId="ref32787" refString="Fruhstorfer, H. (1912) Brassolidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde.. Vol. 5. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 285 - 332." type="book" year="1912">Fruhstorfer, 1912</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FE8AF9C2372A317E" box="[261,281,1594,1617]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">in</emphasis>
Seitz.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FED4F9C13467317D" bold="true" box="[347,596,1593,1618]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Gross-Schmett. Erde 5,</emphasis>
p. 290.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FD39F9C2350D317D" author="Stichel, H." box="[694,830,1594,1618]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref35743" refString="Stichel, H. (1932) n. k. In: Strand, E. (Ed.), Lepidopterorum Catalogus Pars 51. Brassolidae. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1932">Stichel, 1932</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FCC9F9C235F4317D" bold="true" box="[838,967,1593,1618]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Lep. Cat. 51</emphasis>
, p. 22.—D’Abrera, 1987.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FB42F9C236E7315F" bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Butt. Neotrop. Reg. 3</emphasis>
, p. 394.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FECEF9A037CF315F" author="Casagrande, M. M." box="[321,508,1624,1648]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="201 - 205" refId="ref32298" refString="Casagrande, M. M. (2004) Tribe Brassolini. In: Lamas, G. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotroprical Lepidoptera 5 A. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 201 - 205." type="book chapter" year="2004">Casagrande, 2004</bibRefCitation>
. Brassolini,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FDF4F9A134BC315F" box="[635,655,1625,1648]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">in</emphasis>
Lamas (ed.)
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FC97F9A0332F315F" bold="true" box="[792,1308,1624,1648]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FAA5F9A1330D315F" box="[1322,1342,1625,1648]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">in</emphasis>
Heppner (ed.).
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FE8CF98F37CE31A0" bold="true" box="[259,509,1655,1679]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A</emphasis>
, p. 203.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FDEBF98F35A831A0" author="Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Penz, C. M." box="[612,923,1655,1679]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref32828" refString="Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Penz, C. M. (2009) Phylogeny of Dynastor and Brassolis butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): a tough nut to crack. Zootaxa, 2134 (1), 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2134.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">Garzón-Orduña &amp; Penz, 2009</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FC2AF98F320431A0" bold="true" box="[933,1079,1655,1679]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Zootaxa 2134</emphasis>
: 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6D7D59FF18F96E32853181" blockId="36.[151,1437,1532,1802]" box="[151,1206,1686,1712]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6D7D59FF18F96E37AA3181" authority="(Stichel, 1908)" box="[151,409,1686,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="strix" subSpecies="pharnaces">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FF18F96E37AA3181" box="[151,409,1686,1710]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Dynastor strix pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FE29F96E340A3181" author="Blandin, P." box="[422,569,1686,1710]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="161 - 218" refId="ref31862" refString="Blandin, P. (1977) La distribution geographique des Brassolinae (Lepidoptera, Satyridae). faits et problemes. Publications du Laboratoire de Zoologie de l'Ecole normale superieure, Paris, 9, 161 - 218." type="journal article" year="1977">Blandin, 1977</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FDCDF96E358E3181" bold="true" box="[578,957,1686,1712]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Publ. Lab. Zool. l’École norm. sup.</emphasis>
, Paris,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FB86F96E32253181" bold="true" box="[1033,1046,1686,1710]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">9</emphasis>
: 163; biogeogr.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B6D7D59FF18F94D37E030B5" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6D7D59FF18F94D373A3025" blockId="36.[151,1437,1532,1802]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6D7D59FF18F94D375A31E3" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[151,361,1717,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FF18F94D375A31E3" box="[151,361,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[misidentification];
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FDB1F94C357F31E3" author="Matos-Maravi, P. &amp; Wahlberg, N. &amp; Freitas, A. V. L. &amp; DeVries, P. &amp; Antonelli, A. &amp; Penz, C. M." box="[574,844,1716,1740]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="704 - 724" refId="ref33761" refString="Matos-Maravi, P., Wahlberg, N., Freitas, A. V. L., DeVries, P., Antonelli, A. &amp; Penz, C. M. (2021) Mesoamerica is a cradle and the Atlantic Forest is a museum of Neotropical butterfly diversity: insights from the evolution and biogeography of Brassolini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 133 (3), 704 - 724. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / biolinnean / blab 034" type="journal article" year="2021">
Matos-Maraví
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FD57F94D353431E3" box="[728,775,1716,1740]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FCD8F94C325C31E3" bold="true" box="[855,1135,1716,1740]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Biol. Jour. Linn. Soc. 133</emphasis>
(3): 711, fig. 2 (phylogenetic tree); phylog (photo of the specimen available at: https://www.flickr.com/photos/nsg_db/5241930372/. Accessed
<date id="FF81D2C38B6D7D59FAD8F92B36CD3025" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" value="2023-07-05">July 5, 2023</date>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6D7D59FF18F8C037E030B5" blockId="36.[151,1437,1848,1946]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FF18F8C0374F307D" bold="true" box="[151,380,1848,1874]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Taxonomic history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6D7D59FE0BF8C134D4307D" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" box="[388,743,1848,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="macrosiris" subSpecies="pharnaces">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FE0BF8C134D4307D" box="[388,743,1848,1874]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Dynastor macrosiris pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was treated as described until
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6D7D59FBCBF8C032DC307D" author="Blandin, P." box="[1092,1263,1848,1874]" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" pagination="161 - 218" refId="ref31862" refString="Blandin, P. (1977) La distribution geographique des Brassolinae (Lepidoptera, Satyridae). faits et problemes. Publications du Laboratoire de Zoologie de l'Ecole normale superieure, Paris, 9, 161 - 218." type="journal article" year="1977">Blandin (1977)</bibRefCitation>
considered it a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6D7D59FEB8F8A537EA3059" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[311,473,1885,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="487" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6D7D59FEB8F8A537EA3059" box="[311,473,1885,1910]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="487">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This subspecies was cited in reviews, catalogs, checklists, with records of hostplant and geographic distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF40A48B8B6C7D58FF18FAD032BA324B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269052" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13269052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269052/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" startId="37.[151,250,1320,1344]" targetBox="[274,1319,189,1289]" targetPageId="37" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6C7D58FF18FAD032BA324B" blockId="37.[151,1436,1320,1380]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6C7D58FF18FAD03714326F" bold="true" box="[151,295,1320,1344]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">FIGURE 30.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6C7D58FEBAFAD13495326E" authority="Stichel, 1908" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[309,678,1320,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6C7D58FEBAFAD13438326F" box="[309,523,1320,1344]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6C7D58FD96FAD03495326E" author="Stichel, H." box="[537,678,1320,1345]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6C7D58FD3BFAD13528326E" bold="true" box="[692,795,1321,1345]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6C7D58FD3BFAD13528326E" box="[692,795,1321,1345]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: Female,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6C7D58FC00FAD13591326E" bold="true" box="[911,930,1321,1345]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">a.</emphasis>
dorsal,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6C7D58FB8DFAD13224326E" bold="true" box="[1026,1047,1321,1345]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">b.</emphasis>
ventral views; Peru, Chanchamayo (USNMENT01589343–USNM). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B6C7D58FF48FA4F35703072" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6C7D58FF48FA4F35703072" blockId="37.[151,1437,1462,1885]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6C7D58FF48FA4F374432FF" bold="true" box="[199,375,1462,1489]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">Type material.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6C7D58FE0FFA4035B732FE" authority="Stichel, 1908" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" box="[384,900,1463,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="macrosiris" subSpecies="pharnaces">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6C7D58FE0FFA4034D532FE" box="[384,742,1463,1489]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">Dynastor macrosiris pharnaces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6C7D58FD61FA4F35B732FE" author="Stichel, H." box="[750,900,1463,1489]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
was described based on
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B6C7D58FB2CFA4F333932FE" box="[1187,1290,1463,1489]" count="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
“type” from
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6C7D58FF18FA2336DF32DA" box="[151,236,1499,1525]" name="Bolivia" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, Corvico [=Coroico, La Paz] (Yungas,
<quantity id="4CC759E68B6C7D58FD38FA23352132DA" box="[695,786,1499,1525]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
, Garlepp leg.) i[n]. c[ollection]. Staudinger Mus. Berol. However, Viola Richter, the collection manager of MfN, where Staudinger’s specimens are deposited, informed the authors that the “type” was not found in the institution. In the original description,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6C7D58FBBAF9DB32E73112" author="Stichel, H." box="[1077,1236,1571,1597]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel (1908)</bibRefCitation>
mentions another examined specimen: “Ein zweites gleiches Belagstück wurde mir vor etlicher Zeit zur Bestimmung gesandt.” According to one of us (G. Lamas), this second male is deposited at MNHN, with the following labels: / Muséum Paris/ Corvico ca.
<quantity id="4CC759E68B6C7D58FEE9F977378D3186" box="[358,446,1679,1705]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
.
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6C7D58FE46F97734283186" box="[457,539,1679,1705]" name="Bolivia" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(Yungas) 1895 (2–5) Garlepp/. As the “type” in Staudinger’s collection was not found at the MfN, the specimen deposited at the MNHN is probably the second specimen mentioned by Stichel in the original description, because it is from the same provenance of the “type”. Therefore, to stabilize the nomenclature of this taxon, the MNHN specimen is hereby designated as the
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B6C7D58FCDAF903358F303A" box="[853,956,1787,1813]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6C7D58FC6FF90436E13016" authority="Stichel, 1908" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="macrosiris" subSpecies="pharnaces">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6C7D58FC6FF9043372303A" box="[992,1345,1787,1813]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">Dynastor macrosiris pharnaces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6C7D58FAC8F90336E13016" author="Stichel, H." pageId="37" pageNumber="488" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and the following labels will be attached to it: /
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B6C7D58FD7EF8E735903016" box="[753,931,1823,1849]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPUS</typeStatus>
/
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B6C7D58FC37F8E732073016" box="[952,1076,1823,1849]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" type="lectotype">Lectotypus</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6C7D58FBB4F8D8371D3072" authority="Stichel, 1908" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="macrosiris" subSpecies="pharnaces">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6C7D58FBB4F8D833AE3016" box="[1083,1437,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="488">Dynastor macrosiris pharnaces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6C7D58FF18F8BB371D3072" author="Stichel, H." box="[151,302,1859,1885]" pageId="37" pageNumber="488" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Piovesan, Casagrande &amp; O. Mielke det. 2024/.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF40A48B8B6F7D5BFF18FB7932FC3392" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269054" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13269054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269054/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" startId="38.[151,250,1153,1177]" targetBox="[215,1383,186,1123]" targetPageId="38" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6F7D5BFF18FB7932FC3392" blockId="38.[151,1436,1153,1213]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFF18FB79371233B6" bold="true" box="[151,289,1153,1177]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">FIGURE 31.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFEA8FB7A34B733B6" authority="Stichel, 1908" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[295,644,1153,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFEA8FB7A37C433B6" box="[295,503,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6F7D5BFE72FB7934B733B6" author="Stichel, H." box="[509,644,1153,1177]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFD04FB7934D833B6" bold="true" box="[651,747,1153,1177]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6F7D5BFD04FB7934D833B6" box="[651,747,1153,1177]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
: female genitalia:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFC24FB79358D33B6" bold="true" box="[939,958,1153,1177]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">a.</emphasis>
lateral view;
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFBC4FB79326C33B6" bold="true" box="[1099,1119,1153,1177]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">b.</emphasis>
detail of signa;
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFA8AFB79332533B6" bold="true" box="[1285,1302,1153,1177]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">c.</emphasis>
ventral view (USNMENT01589343–USNM). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B6F7D5BFF48FAF733A2312E" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6F7D5BFF48FAF733A2312E" blockId="38.[151,1437,1295,2042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFF48FAF737713206" bold="true" box="[199,322,1295,1321]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFEC8FAE834193206" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[327,554,1295,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFEC8FAE834193206" box="[327,554,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFDA0FAF734AA3206" bold="true" box="[559,665,1295,1321]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6F7D5BFDA0FAF734AA3206" box="[559,665,1295,1321]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFC6BFAE832853206" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[996,1206,1295,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFC6BFAE832853206" box="[996,1206,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFB34FAF733143206" bold="true" box="[1211,1319,1295,1321]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. rest.</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFABBFAE8373D3262" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFABBFAE8373D3262" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFEC1FACC37C23262" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[334,497,1332,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFEC1FACC37C23262" box="[334,497,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFE76FACB34543262" bold="true" box="[505,615,1331,1357]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. rest.</emphasis>
; it differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFC90FACC32343262" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[799,1031,1332,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFC90FACC32343262" box="[799,1031,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the VFW with a distinguishable rusty red band between M
<subScript id="17BBF6468B6F7D5BFE30FA9237F43257" attach="left" box="[447,455,1386,1400]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">1</subScript>
and M
<subScript id="17BBF6468B6F7D5BFD97FA9234133257" attach="left" box="[536,544,1386,1400]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">3</subScript>
, this band is thinner than that of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFC17FAA03209325E" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[920,1082,1368,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFC17FAA03209325E" box="[920,1082,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFBCDFAAF3283325E" bold="true" box="[1090,1200,1367,1393]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. rest.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFB37FAA033AE325E" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1208,1437,1367,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFB37FAA033AE325E" box="[1208,1437,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFF18FA83373632BA" bold="true" box="[151,261,1403,1429]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6F7D5BFF18FA83373632BA" box="[151,261,1403,1429]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFE2CFA84344A32BA" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[419,633,1403,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFE2CFA84344A32BA" box="[419,633,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFD0CFA8334C732BA" bold="true" box="[643,756,1403,1429]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. rest.</emphasis>
by the VFW and VHW with a ripple pattern strongly and irregularly arranged (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6F7D5BFE0AFA6734353295" box="[389,518,1439,1466]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 24" captionStart-1="FIGURE 25" captionStartId-0="32.[151,250,1583,1607]" captionStartId-1="33.[151,250,1320,1344]" captionTargetBox-0="[301,1292,452,1552]" captionTargetBox-1="[307,1286,189,1289]" captionTargetId-0="figure-205@32.[288,1300,444,1560]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@33.[294,1294,181,1297]" captionTargetPageId-0="32" captionTargetPageId-1="33" captionText-0="FIGURE 24. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Brazil, Pará (DZ 54.260–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-1="FIGURE 25. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Peru, Río Huallaga (AMNH_IZC 00352908–AMNH)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269040" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269042" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13269040/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13269042/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Figs 24–25</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6F7D5BFD9EFA67341C3296" box="[529,559,1439,1465]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1320,1344]" captionTargetBox="[274,1319,189,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-17@37.[261,1326,181,1297]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Peru, Chanchamayo (USNMENT01589343–USNM). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269052/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6F7D5BFDB4FA6734B73296" box="[571,644,1439,1465]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 32" captionStart-1="FIGURE 33" captionStart-2="FIGURE 34" captionStartId-0="39.[151,250,1313,1337]" captionStartId-1="40.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionStartId-2="41.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox-0="[192,1391,189,1289]" captionTargetBox-1="[307,1286,391,1491]" captionTargetBox-2="[306,1286,184,1314]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@39.[189,1398,181,1289]" captionTargetId-1="figure-126@40.[294,1294,383,1499]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@41.[293,1293,181,1316]" captionTargetPageId-0="39" captionTargetPageId-1="40" captionTargetPageId-2="41" captionText-0="FIGURE 32. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov. Male lectotype of Dynastor pharnaces stat. nov.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 33. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Colombia, Boyacá (DZ 52.734– DZUP; CMBUT1655-20). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-2="FIGURE 34. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Colombia, Boyacá (DZ 3969– DZUP)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269056" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269058" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269060" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13269056/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13269058/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13269060/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">32–34</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6F7D5BFD00FA6734EA3296" box="[655,729,1439,1465]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 38" captionStart-1="FIGURE 39" captionStartId-0="45.[151,250,1320,1344]" captionStartId-1="46.[151,250,1448,1472]" captionTargetBox-0="[300,1291,189,1289]" captionTargetBox-1="[300,1291,317,1417]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@45.[287,1299,181,1297]" captionTargetId-1="figure-85@46.[287,1299,309,1425]" captionTargetPageId-0="45" captionTargetPageId-1="46" captionText-0="FIGURE 38. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; El Salvador, Ahuachapán (FLMNH MGCL 1107875–MGCL). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-1="FIGURE 39. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; El Salvador, Ahuachapán (FLMNH MGCL 1107876–MGCL)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269068" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269072" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13269068/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13269072/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">38–39</figureCitation>
). The female genitalia is similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFB4DFA5833503296" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1218,1379,1440,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFB4DFA5833503296" box="[1218,1379,1440,1465]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFAE5FA6736F832F2" bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. rest.</emphasis>
, mainly the corpus bursae, but the morphology of the lamella postvaginalis differs from all species by the “}” shape sclerotization (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6F7D5BFE0BFA1F37E9312E" box="[388,474,1511,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[244,1355,965,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-66@34.[229,1359,960,1908]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 27. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (OM 78.930–DZUP–OM). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269046/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Figs 27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6F7D5BFE69FA1F3437312E" box="[486,516,1511,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1153,1177]" captionTargetBox="[215,1383,186,1123]" captionTargetId="figure-23@38.[200,1387,181,1129]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 31. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov.: female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (USNMENT01589343–USNM). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269054/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">31</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6F7D5BFD9FFA1F341D312E" box="[528,558,1511,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[221,1373,965,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-72@42.[211,1377,960,1908]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 36. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (DZ 3969–DZUP). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269064/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6F7D5BFDB5FA1F346A312E" box="[570,601,1511,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,960,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-66@47.[189,1398,960,1908]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 41. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (OM 41.943–DZUP–OM). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269076/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">41</figureCitation>
). The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFCECFA103274312E" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[867,1095,1511,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFCECFA103274312E" box="[867,1095,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFBC1FA1F328B312E" bold="true" box="[1102,1208,1511,1537]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6F7D5BFBC1FA1F328B312E" box="[1102,1208,1511,1537]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was not examined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B6F7D5BFF48F9F334EF30D6" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6F7D5BFF48F9F334043046" blockId="38.[151,1437,1295,2042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFF48F9F3377C310A" bold="true" box="[199,335,1547,1573]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Comments.</emphasis>
FW, length of the available female:
<quantity id="4CC759E68B6F7D5BFD53F9F3351F3109" box="[732,812,1547,1574]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" unit="mm" value="57.0">57 mm</quantity>
. Since its description,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFBAEF9F43337310A" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1057,1284,1547,1573]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFBAEF9F43337310A" box="[1057,1284,1547,1573]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFA86F9F33341310A" bold="true" box="[1289,1394,1547,1573]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6F7D5BFA86F9F33341310A" box="[1289,1394,1547,1573]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has been treated as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFE75F9C834D23166" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[506,737,1584,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFE75F9C834D23166" box="[506,737,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFC87F9C835993166" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[776,938,1584,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFC87F9C835993166" box="[776,938,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFC3DF9D732133166" bold="true" box="[946,1056,1583,1609]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. rest.</emphasis>
However, the wing color pattern, the morphology of the male genitalia, and the molecular data allow us to change the status to the species level.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFF18F980374831BE" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[151,379,1655,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFF18F980374831BE" box="[151,379,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFE0EF98F37D831BE" bold="true" box="[385,491,1655,1681]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6F7D5BFE0EF98F37D831BE" box="[385,491,1655,1681]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has a wing color pattern similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFCFCF980327531BE" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[883,1094,1655,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFCFCF980327531BE" box="[883,1094,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFBC3F98F328B31BE" bold="true" box="[1100,1208,1655,1681]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. rest.</emphasis>
, mainly in the VFW rusty red band between M
<subScript id="17BBF6468B6F7D5BFE35F95637F13193" attach="left" box="[442,450,1710,1724]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">1</subScript>
and M
<subScript id="17BBF6468B6F7D5BFD9EF956342A3193" attach="left" box="[529,537,1710,1724]" fontSize="6" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">3</subScript>
, and also occurs in similar high elevations (
<quantity id="4CC759E68B6F7D5BFB8DF9633283319A" box="[1026,1200,1691,1718]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.125" metricValueMax="2.25" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" unit="m" value="2.125" valueMax="2.25" valueMin="2.0">
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B6F7D5BFB8DF96332713199" box="[1026,1090,1691,1718]" degrees="2,000" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" precision="55" value="2.0">2,000</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B6F7D5BFBCEF96332A33199" box="[1089,1168,1691,1718]" degrees="2,250" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" precision="55" value="-2.25">–2,250</geoCoordinate>
m
</quantity>
). However, the VFW and VHW ripple pattern differs: while
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFDCAF938351A31F6" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[581,809,1727,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFDCAF938351A31F6" box="[581,809,1727,1753]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFCA0F94735AA31F6" bold="true" box="[815,921,1727,1753]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6F7D5BFCA0F94735AA31F6" box="[815,921,1727,1753]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has this ripple pattern strongly and irregularly arranged,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFE86F91C37EC31D2" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[265,479,1763,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFE86F91C37EC31D2" box="[265,479,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFE68F91B346431D2" bold="true" box="[487,599,1763,1789]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. rest.</emphasis>
has the VFW and VHW with a ripple pattern finely and homogeneously arranged. Comparing the DNA barcode sequence provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6F7D5BFCD9F8FF32BB300E" author="Matos-Maravi, P. &amp; Wahlberg, N. &amp; Freitas, A. V. L. &amp; DeVries, P. &amp; Antonelli, A. &amp; Penz, C. M." box="[854,1160,1799,1826]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" pagination="704 - 724" refId="ref33761" refString="Matos-Maravi, P., Wahlberg, N., Freitas, A. V. L., DeVries, P., Antonelli, A. &amp; Penz, C. M. (2021) Mesoamerica is a cradle and the Atlantic Forest is a museum of Neotropical butterfly diversity: insights from the evolution and biogeography of Brassolini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 133 (3), 704 - 724. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / biolinnean / blab 034" type="journal article" year="2021">
Matos-Maraví
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFC71F8F0321C300E" box="[1022,1071,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">et al</emphasis>
. (2021)
</bibRefCitation>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFB37F8F033AE300E" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1208,1437,1799,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFB37F8F033AE300E" box="[1208,1437,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFF18F8D33730306A" bold="true" box="[151,259,1835,1861]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6F7D5BFF18F8D33730306A" box="[151,259,1835,1861]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
with the sequence obtained here for
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6F7D5BFD2BF8D4354B306A" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[676,888,1835,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFD2BF8D4354B306A" box="[676,888,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFC0FF8D335DD306A" bold="true" box="[896,1006,1835,1861]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">stat. rest.</emphasis>
, the divergence found agrees with the differences found in the morphology.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6F7D5BFF48F88B343130A2" blockId="38.[151,1437,1295,2042]" box="[199,514,1907,1933]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFF48F88B37B630A2" bold="true" box="[199,389,1907,1933]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Natural history.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6F7D5BFF48F86F37E730F9" blockId="38.[151,1437,1295,2042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFF48F86F346F309E" bold="true" box="[199,604,1943,1969]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
Geographic distribution.
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6F7D5BFE7AF86F346F309E" box="[501,604,1943,1969]" name="Ecuador" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B6F7D5BFDE5F86F349E309E" box="[618,685,1943,1969]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Napo</collectingRegion>
);
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFD4FF86F34C9309E" bold="true" box="[704,762,1943,1969]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6F7D5BFD4FF86F34C9309E" box="[704,762,1943,1969]" name="Peru" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Peru</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(Amazonas,
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B6F7D5BFC02F86F35FC309E" box="[909,975,1943,1969]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Junín</collectingRegion>
);
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFC6EF86F3206309E" bold="true" box="[993,1077,1943,1969]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6F7D5BFC6EF86F3206309E" box="[993,1077,1943,1969]" name="Bolivia" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(La Paz) (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6F7D5BFB26F86F32CF309E" box="[1193,1276,1943,1969]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1089]" captionTargetId="figure-17@35.[189,1398,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 28. Geographical distribution of Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851), Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov., Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest., and Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest. Asterisk (*) and at (@) inside the sampled locality indicate that the geographical distribution data was retrieved from the bibliography and iNaturalist (www. inaturalist.org), respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269048/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
), at elevations between 2,000 and
<quantity id="4CC759E68B6F7D5BFEFEF84337E330F9" box="[369,464,1979,2006]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="38" pageNumber="489" unit="m" value="2.25">2,250 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6F7D5BFF48F82734EF30D6" blockId="38.[151,1437,1295,2042]" box="[199,732,2015,2042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6F7D5BFF48F82737E430D6" bold="true" box="[199,471,2015,2041]" pageId="38" pageNumber="489">Temporal distribution.</emphasis>
January, July, October.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF40A48B8B6E7D5AFF18FAD937283272" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269056" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13269056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269056/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" startId="39.[151,250,1313,1337]" targetBox="[192,1391,189,1289]" targetPageId="39" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6E7D5AFF18FAD937283272" blockId="39.[151,1436,1313,1373]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFF18FAD937133216" bold="true" box="[151,288,1313,1337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">FIGURE 32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6E7D5AFEA8FADA34B13216" authority="Stichel, 1908" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[295,642,1313,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFEA8FADA37C53216" box="[295,502,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6E7D5AFE73FAD934B13216" author="Stichel, H." box="[508,642,1313,1337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" pagination="160 - 179" refId="ref35684" refString="Stichel, H. (1908) Brassoliden-Studien. Berliner entomologische Zeitschrift, 52 (3), 160 - 179." type="journal article" year="1908">Stichel, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFD07FAD934DA3216" bold="true" box="[648,745,1313,1337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6E7D5AFD07FAD934DA3216" box="[648,745,1313,1337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Male lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6E7D5AFC25FADA324A3216" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[938,1145,1313,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFC25FADA324A3216" box="[938,1145,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFBF0FAD932EC3216" bold="true" box="[1151,1247,1313,1337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B6E7D5AFBF0FAD932EC3216" box="[1151,1247,1313,1337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFB62FAD933333216" bold="true" box="[1261,1280,1313,1337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">a.</emphasis>
dorsal view,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFA07FAD933AF3216" bold="true" box="[1416,1436,1313,1337]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">b.</emphasis>
ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B6E7D5AFF48FA57323C318E" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6E7D5AFF48FA5735B832E5" blockId="39.[151,1437,1455,1698]" box="[199,907,1455,1482]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFF48FA57377D32E6" bold="true" box="[199,334,1455,1481]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Etymology.</emphasis>
Possibly named after
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6E7D5AFDC8FA5734E732E5" authority="II" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[583,724,1455,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces">Pharnaces II</taxonomicName>
, king of Pontus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6E7D5AFF48FA2B323C318E" blockId="39.[151,1437,1455,1698]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFF48FA2B37F432C2" bold="true" box="[199,455,1491,1517]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B57FE5E8B6E7D5AFE40FA2B3730311A" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="F. Johnson" country="Ecuador" location="Ecuador Oriente" municipality="Photos" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE46E798B6E7D5AFE40FA2B342832C2" box="[463,539,1491,1517]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Photos</collectingMunicipality>
of the
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B6E7D5AFDE3FA2B34E032C2" box="[620,723,1491,1517]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6E7D5AFD76FA2C326F32C2" authorityName="Stichel" authorityYear="1908" box="[761,1116,1491,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="macrosiris" subSpecies="pharnaces">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFD76FA2C326F32C2" box="[761,1116,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Dynastor macrosiris pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
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), and the following specimens:
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:
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</emphasis>
—no locality,
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B6E7D5AFCBEFA0F35AB313E" box="[817,920,1527,1553]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, ex-coll.
<collectorName id="26CA91D58B6E7D5AFB89FA0032B7313E" box="[1030,1156,1527,1554]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">F. Johnson</collectorName>
, AMNH_IZC 00352907 (
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)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B57FE5E8B6E7D5AFE84F9E333AB311A" box="[267,1432,1563,1590]" collectingDate="2009-01-13" collectorName="H. F. Greeney" country="Ecuador" location="Estacion Biologica Yanayacu" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Napo" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B6E7D5AFE84F9E33778311A" box="[267,331,1563,1589]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Napo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
—
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,
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<collectingDate id="EFC52B2B8B6E7D5AFD38F9E3351A311A" box="[695,809,1563,1589]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" value="2009-01-13">13-I-2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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,
<collectorName id="26CA91D58B6E7D5AFC11F9E43204311A" box="[926,1079,1563,1590]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">H. F. Greeney</collectorName>
leg. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6E7D5AFBFDF9E333A3311A" author="Matos-Maravi, P. &amp; Wahlberg, N. &amp; Freitas, A. V. L. &amp; DeVries, P. &amp; Antonelli, A. &amp; Penz, C. M." box="[1138,1424,1563,1589]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" pagination="704 - 724" refId="ref33761" refString="Matos-Maravi, P., Wahlberg, N., Freitas, A. V. L., DeVries, P., Antonelli, A. &amp; Penz, C. M. (2021) Mesoamerica is a cradle and the Atlantic Forest is a museum of Neotropical butterfly diversity: insights from the evolution and biogeography of Brassolini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 133 (3), 704 - 724. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / biolinnean / blab 034" type="journal article" year="2021">
Matos-Maraví
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFA96F9E4337C311A" box="[1305,1359,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
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</emphasis>
:
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<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B6E7D5AFF7AF9C6370A3176" box="[245,313,1598,1625]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Junín</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
—
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,
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*, ex-coll.
<collectorName id="26CA91D58B6E7D5AFD65F9B835543176" box="[746,871,1599,1626]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">F. Johnson</collectorName>
, USNMENT01589343 (
<collectionCode id="ED2E6CC68B6E7D5AFBF0F9C732E53176" box="[1151,1238,1599,1625]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
); (
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<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFB79F9B833BF3176" box="[1270,1420,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Mina Pichita</emphasis>
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)
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,
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<quantity id="4CC759E68B6E7D5AFF18F99B36C13151" box="[151,242,1635,1662]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" unit="m" value="2000.0">
<elevation id="001213308B6E7D5AFF18F99B36C13151" box="[151,242,1635,1662]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
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,
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<collectingDate id="EFC52B2B8B6E7D5AFE8EF99B379A3152" box="[257,425,1635,1661]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" value="1989-10-16" valueMax="1989-10-17" valueMin="1989-10-16">16–17-X-1989</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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,
<collectorName id="26CA91D58B6E7D5AFD98F99B34A93152" box="[535,666,1635,1661]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Casagrande</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26CA91D58B6E7D5AFD4AF99B35273152" box="[709,788,1635,1661]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Mielke</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED2E6CC68B6E7D5AFCD5F99B35853152" box="[858,950,1635,1661]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">MUSM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B57FE5E8B6E7D5AFC43F99B323F318E" collectingDate="2005-07-18" collectionCode="MUSM" collectorName="B. Calderon" country="Peru" elevation="2250" latitude="-6.2833333" location="Amazonas - San Jose de Molinopampa" longLatPrecision="1304" longitude="-77.55" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Junin" typeStatus="lectotype">
<location id="8EE0A2D88B6E7D5AFC43F99B33AB3152" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039645158B6D7D5AFF18FA6C323C318E:8EE0A2D88B6E7D5AFC43F99B33AB3152" box="[972,1432,1635,1661]" country="Peru" latitude="-6.2833333" longLatPrecision="1304" longitude="-77.55" name="Amazonas - San Jose de Molinopampa" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" stateProvince="Junin">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFC43F99B327B3152" bold="true" box="[972,1096,1635,1661]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Amazonas</emphasis>
—San José de Molinopampa
</location>
,
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,
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,
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<elevation id="001213308B6E7D5AFEFBF97F37F8318D" box="[372,459,1671,1698]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" unit="m" value="2250.0">2250 m</elevation>
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,
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<collectingDate id="EFC52B2B8B6E7D5AFE59F97F3454318D" box="[470,615,1671,1698]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" value="2005-07-18">18-VII-2005</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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,
<collectorName id="26CA91D58B6E7D5AFD6EF970355A318E" box="[737,873,1671,1698]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">B. Calderón</collectorName>
leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED2E6CC68B6E7D5AFC27F97F3237318E" box="[936,1028,1671,1697]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">MUSM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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734
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View file

@ -0,0 +1,734 @@
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6E7D5AFF18F90B34723022" ID-CoL="9BH8S" authority="Oberthur, 1881" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,577,1779,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
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Oberthür, 1881
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stat. rest.
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<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6E7D5AFF18F8EF3762301E" blockId="39.[151,699,1779,1841]" box="[151,337,1815,1841]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
(
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6E7D5AFF10F8EF36C5301E" box="[159,246,1815,1841]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1089]" captionTargetId="figure-17@35.[189,1398,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 28. Geographical distribution of Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851), Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov., Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest., and Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest. Asterisk (*) and at (@) inside the sampled locality indicate that the geographical distribution data was retrieved from the bibliography and iNaturalist (www. inaturalist.org), respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269048/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Figs 28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B6E7D5AFE8DF8EF377A301E" box="[258,329,1815,1841]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 33" captionStart-1="FIGURE 34" captionStart-2="FIGURE 35" captionStart-3="FIGURE 36" captionStart-4="FIGURE 37" captionStartId-0="40.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionStartId-1="41.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionStartId-2="42.[151,250,840,864]" captionStartId-3="42.[151,250,1931,1955]" captionStartId-4="43.[151,250,1313,1337]" captionTargetBox-0="[307,1286,391,1491]" captionTargetBox-1="[306,1286,184,1314]" captionTargetBox-2="[212,1380,188,808]" captionTargetBox-3="[221,1373,965,1902]" captionTargetBox-4="[195,1391,189,1289]" captionTargetId-0="figure-126@40.[294,1294,383,1499]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@41.[293,1293,181,1316]" captionTargetId-2="figure-23@42.[199,1387,181,815]" captionTargetId-3="figure-72@42.[211,1377,960,1908]" captionTargetId-4="figure-17@43.[189,1398,181,1289]" captionTargetPageId-0="40" captionTargetPageId-1="41" captionTargetPageId-2="42" captionTargetPageId-3="42" captionTargetPageId-4="43" captionText-0="FIGURE 33. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Colombia, Boyacá (DZ 52.734– DZUP; CMBUT1655-20). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-1="FIGURE 34. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Colombia, Boyacá (DZ 3969– DZUP)." captionText-2="FIGURE 35. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Male genitalia: a. dorsal view, b. ventral view, c. lateral view; aedeagus: d. dorsal view, e. ventral view, f. lateral view (DZ 52.734–DZUP; CMBUT1655-20). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-3="FIGURE 36. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (DZ 3969–DZUP). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-4="FIGURE 37. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest. Lectotype of Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269058" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269060" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269062" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269064" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269066" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13269058/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13269060/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13269062/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13269064/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13269066/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">33–37</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6E7D5AFF18F8A4350230BD" blockId="39.[151,1436,1883,2030]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6E7D5AFF18F8A43430305B" authority="Oberthur, 1881" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,515,1883,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFF18F8A4376A305C" box="[151,345,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
Oberthür, 1881
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFD9FF8A53538305C" bold="true" box="[528,779,1883,1910]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Étud. d’Entomologie 6</emphasis>
, p. 28, pl. 6, fig. 4 (male d, v); Manizales, Nouvelle
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6E7D5AFAC9F8A333AF305C" box="[1350,1436,1883,1907]" name="Grenada" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Grenade</collectingCountry>
[
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B6E7D5AFF42F882370530BD" box="[205,310,1914,1938]" name="Colombia" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B6E7D5AFECFF88237B930BD" box="[320,394,1914,1938]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Caldas</collectingRegion>
], M. Alejo M. Patino leg., Coll. Oberthür.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6E7D5AFF18F86232F9309E" blockId="39.[151,1436,1883,2030]" box="[151,1226,1945,1969]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6E7D5AFF18F8623754309E" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[151,359,1946,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFF18F8623754309E" box="[151,359,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6E7D5AFE0CF86137EE309E" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[387,477,1945,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFE0CF86137EE309E" box="[387,477,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6E7D5AFE65F86134AA309E" author="Staudinger, O." box="[490,665,1945,1969]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" pagination="195 - 234" refId="ref35538" refString="Staudinger, O. (1887) I. Theil. Exotische Tagfalter in systematischer Reihenfolge mit Berucksichtigung neuer Arten. In: Staudinger, O. &amp; Schatz, E. (Eds.), Exotische Schmetterlinge. G. Lowensohn, Furth, pp. 195 - 234, pls. 86 - 95." type="book chapter" year="1887">Staudinger, 1887</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFD2CF8623484309E" box="[675,695,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">in</emphasis>
Staudinger &amp; Schatz.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFC14F861327E309E" bold="true" box="[923,1101,1945,1969]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Exot. Schmett. 1</emphasis>
(18), p. 214.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B6E7D55FF18F840372937E2" blockId="39.[151,1436,1883,2030]" lastBlockId="40.[151,1437,150,359]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="491" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6E7D5AFF18F84037F830E0" authorityName="Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,459,1975,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="macrosiris" subSpecies="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFF18F84037F830E0" box="[151,459,1975,1999]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Dynastor macrosiris hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6E7D5AFE55F84F34BD30FF" author="Fruhstorfer, H." box="[474,654,1975,2000]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" refId="ref32787" refString="Fruhstorfer, H. (1912) Brassolidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde.. Vol. 5. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 285 - 332." type="book" year="1912">Fruhstorfer, 1912</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFD15F840349D30E0" box="[666,686,1976,1999]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">in</emphasis>
Seitz.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFD78F84F35C530FF" bold="true" box="[759,1014,1975,2000]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Gross-Schmett. Erde 5,</emphasis>
p. 289.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6E7D5AFBD2F84F332330E0" author="Rothschild, L. W." box="[1117,1296,1975,1999]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" pagination="299 - 318" refId="ref35062" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1916) Notes on Amathusiidae, Brassolidae, Morphidae, etc., with descriptions of new forms. Novitates zoologicae, 23 (3), 299 - 318." type="journal article" year="1916">Rothschild, 1916</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFA94F84F33A530FF" bold="true" box="[1307,1430,1975,2000]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Novit. Zool</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFF48F82E36D330C1" bold="true" box="[199,224,2006,2030]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">23</emphasis>
(3): 310.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6E7D5AFEDBF82E37D230C1" author="Stichel, H." box="[340,481,2006,2030]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" pagination="1 - 115" refId="ref35743" refString="Stichel, H. (1932) n. k. In: Strand, E. (Ed.), Lepidopterorum Catalogus Pars 51. Brassolidae. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 115." type="book chapter" year="1932">Stichel, 1932</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFE61F82E344930C1" bold="true" box="[494,634,2006,2030]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Lep. Cat. 51</emphasis>
, p. 22.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B6E7D5AFD50F82E35AE30C1" author="Casagrande, M. M." box="[735,925,2006,2030]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" pagination="201 - 205" refId="ref32298" refString="Casagrande, M. M. (2004) Tribe Brassolini. In: Lamas, G. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotroprical Lepidoptera 5 A. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 201 - 205." type="book chapter" year="2004">Casagrande, 2004</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B6E7D5AFC25F82E322030C1" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1836" box="[938,1043,2006,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="490" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Brassolini">Brassolini</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFBAEF82F320630C1" box="[1057,1077,2007,2030]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">in</emphasis>
Lamas (ed.)
<emphasis id="B94B28118B6E7D5AFB4AF82E33AF30C1" bold="true" box="[1221,1436,2006,2030]" pageId="39" pageNumber="490">Checklist: Part 4A,</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FF48FF6E37C23781" bold="true" box="[199,497,150,174]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FE72FF6F34223781" box="[509,529,151,174]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">in</emphasis>
Heppner (ed.).
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FD22FF6E35903781" bold="true" box="[685,931,150,175]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B617D55FD22FF6E354C3780" authority="Neotrop. Lep." authorityName="Neotrop. Lep." box="[685,895,150,175]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Atlas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlas Neotrop. Lep.</taxonomicName>
5A
</emphasis>
, p. 203.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B617D55FB87FF6F33083780" author="Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Penz, C. M." box="[1032,1339,151,175]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" pagination="1 - 22" refId="ref32828" refString="Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Penz, C. M. (2009) Phylogeny of Dynastor and Brassolis butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): a tough nut to crack. Zootaxa, 2134 (1), 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2134.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">Garzón-Orduña &amp; Penz, 2009</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FACBFF6F36C937E2" bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Zootaxa 2134</emphasis>
: 3.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B617D55FF18FF2D329437C3" blockId="40.[151,1437,150,359]" box="[151,1191,212,238]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B617D55FF18FF2D37BA37C3" box="[151,393,212,236]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="strix" subSpecies="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FF18FF2D37BA37C3" box="[151,393,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Dynastor strix hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B617D55FE18FF2C341937C3" author="Blandin, P." box="[407,554,212,236]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" pagination="161 - 218" refId="ref31862" refString="Blandin, P. (1977) La distribution geographique des Brassolinae (Lepidoptera, Satyridae). faits et problemes. Publications du Laboratoire de Zoologie de l'Ecole normale superieure, Paris, 9, 161 - 218." type="journal article" year="1977">Blandin, 1977</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FDBCFF2C359D37C3" bold="true" box="[563,942,212,238]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Publ. Lab. Zool. l’École norm. sup.</emphasis>
, Paris,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FC76FF2C323537C3" bold="true" box="[1017,1030,212,236]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">9</emphasis>
: 163; biogeogr.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B617D55FF18FF0B357A3606" blockId="40.[151,1437,150,359]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B617D55FF18FF0B37AB3625" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[151,408,243,266]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="macrosiris" subSpecies="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FF18FF0B37AB3625" box="[151,408,243,266]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Dynastor macrosiris strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[misidentification]; Vélez &amp; Salazar, 1991.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FCDCFF0A323E3625" bold="true" box="[851,1037,242,266]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">
Marip.
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B617D55FC2CFF0A323E3625" box="[931,1037,242,266]" name="Colombia" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Colombia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, p. 157 (fig. female v); biol.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B617D55FAB1FF0B36CF3606" author="Andrade, M. G." pageId="40" pageNumber="491" refId="ref31581" refString="Andrade, M. G. (2002) Biodiversidad de las mariposas (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) de Colombia. In: Costa, C., Vanin, S. A., Lobo, J. M. &amp; Melic, A. (Eds.), Proyecto de Red Iberoamericana de Biogeografia y Entomologia Sistematica. PrIBES 2002. Vol. 2. Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, Zaragoza, pp. 153 - 172." type="book" year="2002">Andrade, 2002</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FE88FEEA37283606" box="[263,283,274,297]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">in</emphasis>
Costa
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FEEEFEEA37BE3606" box="[353,397,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">et al</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FE15FEE934B93606" bold="true" box="[410,650,273,297]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Monogr. Terc. Milenio</emphasis>
, Zaragoza,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FC8DFEE9353C3606" bold="true" box="[770,783,273,297]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">2</emphasis>
: 162.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B617D55FF18FEC934673029" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B617D55FF18FEC932B63648" blockId="40.[151,1437,150,359]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B617D55FF18FEC9371B3667" ID-CoL="9C7DD" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[151,296,305,328]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FF18FEC9371B3667" box="[151,296,305,328]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[misidentification];
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B617D55FE78FEC834B03667" author="Salazar, J. A." box="[503,643,304,328]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" pagination="33 - 46" refId="ref35100" refString="Salazar, J. A. (1993) Una lista comentada de algunas especies de mariposas de distribucion restringida o locales en Colombia (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Shilap Revista de lepidopterologia, 21 (81), 33 - 46." type="journal article" year="1993">Salazar, 1993</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FD03FEC8354E3667" bold="true" box="[652,893,304,328]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Shilap Revta. lepid. 21</emphasis>
(81): 38.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B617D55FC64FEC8324A3667" author="Salazar, J. A." box="[1003,1145,304,328]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" pagination="153 - 159" refId="ref35144" refString="Salazar, J. A. (2002) Nuevas citas de localidades para algunas especies de mariposas de distribucion restringida o locales en Colombia (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Boletin cientifico. Museo de Historia Natural. Universidad de Caldas, 6, 153 - 159." type="journal article" year="2002">Salazar, 2002</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FB0EFEC837573649" bold="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">
Bol. Cient. Mus. Hist. Nat. U. de
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B617D55FE89FEB637623649" box="[262,337,334,358]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Caldas</collectingRegion>
6
</emphasis>
: 157; ecol.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B617D55FE61FEB734493648" author="Salazar, J. A." box="[494,634,335,359]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" pagination="317 - 327" refId="ref35193" refString="Salazar, J. A. (2003) Revision de la lista de algunas especies de mariposas de distribucion poco conocida en Colombia (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Shilap Revista de lepidopterologia, 31 (124), 317 - 327." type="journal article" year="2003">Salazar, 2003</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FD0BFEB635453649" bold="true" box="[644,886,334,359]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Shilap Revta. lepid. 31</emphasis>
(124): 321, fig. 5 (male d).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF40A48B8B617D55FF18FA0A327A3101" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269058" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13269058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269058/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" startId="40.[151,250,1522,1546]" targetBox="[307,1286,391,1491]" targetPageId="40" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B617D55FF18FA0A327A3101" blockId="40.[151,1436,1522,1582]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FF18FA0A37133125" bold="true" box="[151,288,1522,1546]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">FIGURE 33.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B617D55FEA8FA0B34B43125" authority="Oberthur, 1881" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[295,647,1522,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FEA8FA0B37D53125" box="[295,486,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
Oberthür, 1881
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FD01FA0A34C33125" bold="true" box="[654,752,1522,1546]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">stat. rest.</emphasis>
: Male,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FCCFFA0A35613125" bold="true" box="[832,850,1522,1546]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">a.</emphasis>
dorsal,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FC2BFA0A358B3125" bold="true" box="[932,952,1522,1546]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">b.</emphasis>
ventral views; Colombia, Boyacá (DZ 52.734– DZUP; CMBUT1655-20). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B617D55FF18F97834673029" blockId="40.[151,1437,1664,2014]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FF18F978374F31B5" bold="true" box="[151,380,1664,1690]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Taxonomic history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B617D55FE0BF979346B31B5" ID-CoL="9BH8S" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[388,600,1664,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FE0BF979346B31B5" box="[388,600,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was treated as a local form of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B617D55FC38F97932AD31B5" ID-CoL="386BM" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[951,1182,1665,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FC38F97932AD31B5" box="[951,1182,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B617D55FB46F97833A431B5" author="Staudinger, O." box="[1225,1431,1664,1690]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" pagination="195 - 234" refId="ref35538" refString="Staudinger, O. (1887) I. Theil. Exotische Tagfalter in systematischer Reihenfolge mit Berucksichtigung neuer Arten. In: Staudinger, O. &amp; Schatz, E. (Eds.), Exotische Schmetterlinge. G. Lowensohn, Furth, pp. 195 - 234, pls. 86 - 95." type="book chapter" year="1887">Staudinger (1887)</bibRefCitation>
, a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B617D55FEC4F95D34003191" ID-CoL="386BM" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[331,563,1701,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FEC4F95D34003191" box="[331,563,1701,1726]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B617D55FDD0F95C35033191" author="Fruhstorfer, H." box="[607,816,1700,1726]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" refId="ref32787" refString="Fruhstorfer, H. (1912) Brassolidae. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde.. Vol. 5. Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 285 - 332." type="book" year="1912">Fruhstorfer (1912)</bibRefCitation>
and subsequent authors, and a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B617D55FABBF95D375931CD" ID-CoL="9C7DD" authority="(Bates, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FABBF95D36FA31CD" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B617D55FF56F930375231CD" author="Bates, H. W." box="[217,353,1736,1762]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" pagination="161 - 164" refId="ref31661" refString="Bates, H. W. (1864) New species of butterflies from Guatemala and Panama. Entomologist's monthly Magazine, 1 (7), 161 - 164." type="journal article" year="1864">Bates, 1864</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FEFDF93037D231CD" bold="true" box="[370,481,1736,1762]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">stat. rest.</emphasis>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B617D55FD81F930348F31CD" author="Blandin, P." box="[526,700,1736,1762]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" pagination="161 - 218" refId="ref31862" refString="Blandin, P. (1977) La distribution geographique des Brassolinae (Lepidoptera, Satyridae). faits et problemes. Publications du Laboratoire de Zoologie de l'Ecole normale superieure, Paris, 9, 161 - 218." type="journal article" year="1977">Blandin (1977)</bibRefCitation>
. This species has been cited in reviews, catalogs, and checklists, with records of geographic distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B617D55FF48F8E8320030F1" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B617D55FF48F8E8320030F1" blockId="40.[151,1437,1664,2014]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FF48F8E8374E3005" bold="true" box="[199,381,1808,1834]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Type material.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B617D55FE03F8E9351B3005" authority="Oberthur, 1881" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[396,808,1808,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FE03F8E934543005" box="[396,615,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
Oberthür, 1881
</taxonomicName>
was described based on an unspecified number of specimens.
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B617D55FE95F8CC37B63061" box="[282,389,1844,1870]" count="1" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" type="male">One male</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B617D55FE03F8CD37D03060" box="[396,483,1845,1871]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
was found at the NHMUK, with the following labels: / Type/ Ex Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1927—3./ Manizales AM. Patino/
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B617D55FDD1F8A13594305D" authority=", Oberthur" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[606,935,1880,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FDD1F8A13500305D" box="[606,819,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
, Oberthur
</taxonomicName>
(Etudes d´ Entom. 6
<superScript id="7C4A594B8B617D55FB1BF8A032A83049" attach="left" box="[1172,1179,1880,1894]" fontSize="6" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">e</superScript>
livraison Pl. VI. fig. 4 typicum specimen./. To stabilize the nomenclature of this taxon, this specimen is hereby designated as the
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B617D55FAB9F88433AE30B9" box="[1334,1437,1916,1942]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B617D55FF36F85934783095" authority="Oberthur, 1881" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[185,587,1952,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FF36F85937A23095" box="[185,401,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
Oberthür, 1881
</taxonomicName>
, and the following labels will be attached: /
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B617D55FBD0F85833223095" box="[1119,1297,1952,1978]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPUS</typeStatus>
/
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B617D55FAAFF85933AF3094" box="[1312,1436,1953,1979]" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" type="lectotype">Lectotypus</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B617D55FF18F83D342E30F1" authority="Oberthur, 1881" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,541,1988,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="491" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B617D55FF18F83D375930F1" box="[151,362,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="491">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
Oberthür, 1881
</taxonomicName>
, Piovesan, Casagrande &amp; O. Mielke det. 2024/.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF40A48B8B607D54FF18FAC436DA3256" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269060" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13269060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269060/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" startId="41.[151,250,1340,1364]" targetBox="[306,1286,184,1314]" targetPageId="41" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B607D54FF18FAC436DA3256" blockId="41.[151,1436,1340,1401]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FF18FAC43713327B" bold="true" box="[151,288,1340,1364]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">FIGURE 34.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B607D54FEA9FAC534B5327B" authority="Oberthur, 1881" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[294,646,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FEA9FAC537D6327B" box="[294,485,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
Oberthür, 1881
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FD03FAC434DC327B" bold="true" box="[652,751,1340,1364]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">stat. rest.</emphasis>
: Female,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FCDBFAC43554327B" bold="true" box="[852,871,1340,1364]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">a.</emphasis>
dorsal,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FC37FAC435FE327B" bold="true" box="[952,973,1340,1364]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">b.</emphasis>
ventral views; Colombia, Boyacá (DZ 3969– DZUP).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B607D54FF48FA3234CC31CE" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B607D54FF48FA3234CC31CE" blockId="41.[151,1437,1482,1869]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FF48FA32377132CB" bold="true" box="[199,322,1482,1508]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B607D54FEC8FA33342A32CB" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[327,537,1482,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FEC8FA33342A32CB" box="[327,537,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FD91FA3334B932CA" bold="true" box="[542,650,1483,1509]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">stat. rest.</emphasis>
is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B607D54FC59FA33328A32CB" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[982,1209,1482,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FC59FA33328A32CB" box="[982,1209,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FB31FA33331432CA" bold="true" box="[1214,1319,1483,1509]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B607D54FB31FA33331432CA" box="[1214,1319,1483,1509]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B607D54FABBFA33373D3127" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FABBFA33373D3127" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B607D54FEC3FA1737DE3127" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[332,493,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FEC3FA1737DE3127" box="[332,493,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FE7BFA1734523126" bold="true" box="[500,609,1519,1545]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">stat. rest.</emphasis>
, but differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B607D54FCA7FA17323D3127" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[808,1038,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FCA7FA17323D3127" box="[808,1038,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the VFW with a distinguishable rusty red band between M
<subScript id="17BBF6468B607D54FE4DF9DD37F9311C" attach="left" box="[450,458,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">1</subScript>
and M
<subScript id="17BBF6468B607D54FD92F9DD3416311C" attach="left" box="[541,549,1573,1587]" fontSize="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">3</subScript>
, this band is thinner than that of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B607D54FC2AF9EB327B3103" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[933,1096,1555,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FC2AF9EB327B3103" box="[933,1096,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FBDFF9EB328C3102" bold="true" box="[1104,1215,1555,1581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">stat. rest.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B607D54FB47F9EB33AE3103" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[1224,1437,1554,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FB47F9EB33AE3103" box="[1224,1437,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FF18F9CF373B317E" bold="true" box="[151,264,1591,1617]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">stat. rest.</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B607D54FE27F9CF34A3317F" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[424,656,1590,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FE27F9CF34A3317F" box="[424,656,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FD15F9CF353A317E" bold="true" box="[666,777,1591,1617]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B607D54FD15F9CF353A317E" box="[666,777,1591,1617]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
by the VFW and VHW with a ripple pattern finely and homogeneously arranged (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B607D54FE4EF9A23471315A" box="[449,578,1626,1653]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 24" captionStart-1="FIGURE 25" captionStartId-0="32.[151,250,1583,1607]" captionStartId-1="33.[151,250,1320,1344]" captionTargetBox-0="[301,1292,452,1552]" captionTargetBox-1="[307,1286,189,1289]" captionTargetId-0="figure-205@32.[288,1300,444,1560]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@33.[294,1294,181,1297]" captionTargetPageId-0="32" captionTargetPageId-1="33" captionText-0="FIGURE 24. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Brazil, Pará (DZ 54.260–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-1="FIGURE 25. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Peru, Río Huallaga (AMNH_IZC 00352908–AMNH)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269040" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269042" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13269040/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13269042/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Figs 24–25</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B607D54FDC1F9A3345F315A" box="[590,620,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1320,1344]" captionTargetBox="[274,1319,189,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-17@37.[261,1326,181,1297]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Peru, Chanchamayo (USNMENT01589343–USNM). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269052/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B607D54FDF7F9A334F2315A" box="[632,705,1627,1653]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 33" captionStart-1="FIGURE 34" captionStartId-0="40.[151,250,1522,1546]" captionStartId-1="41.[151,250,1340,1364]" captionTargetBox-0="[307,1286,391,1491]" captionTargetBox-1="[306,1286,184,1314]" captionTargetId-0="figure-126@40.[294,1294,383,1499]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@41.[293,1293,181,1316]" captionTargetPageId-0="40" captionTargetPageId-1="41" captionText-0="FIGURE 33. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Colombia, Boyacá (DZ 52.734– DZUP; CMBUT1655-20). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-1="FIGURE 34. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; Colombia, Boyacá (DZ 3969– DZUP)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269058" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269060" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13269058/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13269060/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">33–34</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B607D54FD43F9A33524315A" box="[716,791,1627,1653]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 38" captionStart-1="FIGURE 39" captionStartId-0="45.[151,250,1320,1344]" captionStartId-1="46.[151,250,1448,1472]" captionTargetBox-0="[300,1291,189,1289]" captionTargetBox-1="[300,1291,317,1417]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@45.[287,1299,181,1297]" captionTargetId-1="figure-85@46.[287,1299,309,1425]" captionTargetPageId-0="45" captionTargetPageId-1="46" captionText-0="FIGURE 38. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Male, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; El Salvador, Ahuachapán (FLMNH MGCL 1107875–MGCL). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." captionText-1="FIGURE 39. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Female, a. dorsal, b. ventral views; El Salvador, Ahuachapán (FLMNH MGCL 1107876–MGCL)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269068" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269072" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13269068/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13269072/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">38–39</figureCitation>
). The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B607D54FBAFF9A332C7315B" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[1056,1268,1626,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FBAFF9A332C7315B" box="[1056,1268,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FB74F9A3335B315A" bold="true" box="[1275,1384,1627,1653]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">stat. rest.</emphasis>
also differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B607D54FEA9F987343E31B7" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[294,525,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FEA9F987343E31B7" box="[294,525,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B607D54FDC3F98734DC31B7" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[588,751,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FDC3F98734DC31B7" box="[588,751,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FD79F987355731B6" bold="true" box="[758,868,1663,1689]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">stat. rest.</emphasis>
in having the median region of the aedeagus with tiny spines (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B607D54FEAEF95A374A3193" box="[289,377,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="34.[151,250,840,864]" captionTargetBox="[231,1362,189,808]" captionTargetId="figure-23@34.[218,1370,181,815]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 26. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Male genitalia: a. dorsal view, b. ventral view, c. lateral view; aedeagus: d. dorsal view, e. ventral view, f. lateral view (DZ 54.260–DZUP). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269044/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Figs 26</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B607D54FE09F95A37973192" box="[390,420,1698,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="42.[151,250,840,864]" captionTargetBox="[212,1380,188,808]" captionTargetId="figure-23@42.[199,1387,181,815]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 35. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Male genitalia: a. dorsal view, b. ventral view, c. lateral view; aedeagus: d. dorsal view, e. ventral view, f. lateral view (DZ 52.734–DZUP; CMBUT1655-20). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269062/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">35</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B607D54FE3EF95B37E23192" box="[433,465,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="47.[151,250,840,864]" captionTargetBox="[220,1372,189,808]" captionTargetId="figure-17@47.[207,1379,181,815]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 40. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Male genitalia: a. dorsal view, b. ventral view, c. lateral view; aedeagus: d. dorsal view, e. ventral view, f. lateral view (DZ 52.735–DZUP; CMBUT1654-20). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269074/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">40</figureCitation>
). The female genitalia is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B607D54FC10F95B32B43193" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[927,1159,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FC10F95B32B43193" box="[927,1159,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B607D54FB30F95B33513193" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[1215,1378,1699,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FB30F95B33513193" box="[1215,1378,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FAE5F95B36F831CE" bold="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">stat. rest.</emphasis>
, but the paired signa are smaller (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B607D54FDC9F93E34AE31CE" box="[582,669,1734,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[244,1355,965,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-66@34.[229,1359,960,1908]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 27. Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851): Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (OM 78.930–DZUP–OM). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269046/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Figs 27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B607D54FD26F93E34F431CF" box="[681,711,1734,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="42.[151,250,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[221,1373,965,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-72@42.[211,1377,960,1908]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURE 36. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (DZ 3969–DZUP). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269064/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B607D54FD5CF93F34C131CE" box="[723,754,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1931,1955]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,960,1908]" captionTargetId="figure-66@47.[189,1398,960,1908]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 41. Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest.: Female genitalia: a. lateral view; b. detail of signa; c. ventral view (OM 41.943–DZUP–OM). The black arrows indicate the diagnostic characters of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269076/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">41</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B607D54FF48F91235FA3062" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B607D54FF48F91235FA3062" blockId="41.[151,1437,1482,1869]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B607D54FF48F912370C302B" bold="true" box="[199,319,1770,1796]" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">Variation.</emphasis>
FW, length of the available male:
<quantity id="4CC759E68B607D54FD57F913351F302A" box="[728,812,1771,1797]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="mm" value="48.0">48 mm</quantity>
, the available female:
<quantity id="4CC759E68B607D54FBBAF91232B8302A" box="[1077,1163,1770,1797]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="41" pageNumber="492" unit="mm" value="62.0">62 mm</quantity>
; width of the band that extends from the costal margin to CuA
<subScript id="17BBF6468B607D54FDEDF8D934593000" attach="left" box="[610,618,1825,1839]" fontSize="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">1</subScript>
; size and shape of the spot in CuA
<subScript id="17BBF6468B607D54FB9FF8D9322B3000" attach="left" box="[1040,1048,1825,1839]" fontSize="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">1</subScript>
–CuA
<subScript id="17BBF6468B607D54FBD4F8D932503000" attach="left" box="[1115,1123,1825,1839]" fontSize="6" pageId="41" pageNumber="492">2</subScript>
. VFW, shape and color of postdiscal patches and spots. VHW, number, size, and shape of the spots.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF40A48B8B637D57FF18FCB034763487" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269062" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13269062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269062/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" startId="42.[151,250,840,864]" targetBox="[212,1380,188,808]" targetPageId="42" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B637D57FF18FCB034763487" blockId="42.[151,1437,840,936]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B637D57FF18FCB03710344F" bold="true" box="[151,291,840,864]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">FIGURE 35.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B637D57FEA4FCB134A1344F" authority="Oberthur, 1881" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[299,658,840,864]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B637D57FEA4FCB137DF344F" box="[299,492,840,864]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
Oberthür, 1881
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B637D57FD14FCB03533344F" bold="true" box="[667,768,840,864]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">stat. rest.</emphasis>
: Male genitalia:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B637D57FC3BFCB035F4344F" bold="true" box="[948,967,840,864]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">a.</emphasis>
dorsal view,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B637D57FBD9FCB03259344F" bold="true" box="[1110,1130,840,864]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">b.</emphasis>
ventral view,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B637D57FA8EFCB03320344F" bold="true" box="[1281,1299,840,864]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">c.</emphasis>
lateral view; aedeagus:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B637D57FE8DFC94372534AB" bold="true" box="[258,278,876,900]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">d.</emphasis>
dorsal view,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B637D57FE11FC94379C34AB" bold="true" box="[414,431,876,900]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">e.</emphasis>
ventral view,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B637D57FDCFFC94347C34AB" bold="true" box="[576,591,876,900]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">f.</emphasis>
lateral view (DZ 52.734–DZUP; CMBUT1655-20). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF40A48B8B637D57FF18F873327030E7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269064" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13269064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269064/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" startId="42.[151,250,1931,1955]" targetBox="[221,1373,965,1902]" targetPageId="42" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B637D57FF18F873327030E7" blockId="42.[151,1436,1931,1992]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B637D57FF18F8733713308B" bold="true" box="[151,288,1931,1956]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">FIGURE 36.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B637D57FEA9F87434B6308B" authority="Oberthur, 1881" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[294,645,1932,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="42" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B637D57FEA9F87437D6308B" box="[294,485,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
Oberthür, 1881
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B637D57FD04F87434DD308B" bold="true" box="[651,750,1932,1956]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">stat. rest.</emphasis>
: Female genitalia:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B637D57FC3EF87435F7308B" bold="true" box="[945,964,1932,1956]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">a.</emphasis>
lateral view;
<emphasis id="B94B28118B637D57FBC0F8743250308B" bold="true" box="[1103,1123,1932,1956]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">b.</emphasis>
detail of signa;
<emphasis id="B94B28118B637D57FA89F874332B308B" bold="true" box="[1286,1304,1932,1956]" pageId="42" pageNumber="493">c.</emphasis>
ventral view (DZ 3969–DZUP). The black arrow indicates one of the diagnostic characters of the species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF40A48B8B627D56FF18FAD937413272" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269066" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13269066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269066/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" startId="43.[151,250,1313,1337]" targetBox="[195,1391,189,1289]" targetPageId="43" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B627D56FF18FAD937413272" blockId="43.[151,1436,1313,1373]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FF18FAD9372C3216" bold="true" box="[151,287,1313,1337]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">FIGURE 37.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B627D56FEAAFADA34B13216" authority="Oberthur, 1881" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[293,642,1313,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FEAAFADA37D03216" box="[293,483,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
Oberthür, 1881
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FD08FAD934DA3216" bold="true" box="[647,745,1313,1337]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">stat. rest.</emphasis>
Lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B627D56FCFBFADA32E13216" authority="Oberthur, 1881" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[884,1234,1313,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FCFBFADA32013216" box="[884,1074,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
Oberthür, 1881
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FB58FAD9330B3216" bold="true" box="[1239,1336,1313,1337]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">stat. rest.</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FAC9FAD9336A3216" bold="true" box="[1350,1369,1313,1337]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">a.</emphasis>
dorsal view,
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FF5CFABD36DB3272" bold="true" box="[211,232,1349,1373]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">b.</emphasis>
ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B627D51FF48FA5735293632" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="495" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B627D56FF48FA5734FD30CA" blockId="43.[151,1437,1455,2022]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FF48FA57377C32E6" bold="true" box="[199,335,1455,1481]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">Comments.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B627D56FED9FA48341932E6" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[342,554,1455,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FED9FA48341932E6" box="[342,554,1455,1481]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FDBFFA5734AE32E6" bold="true" box="[560,669,1455,1481]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">stat. rest.</emphasis>
is also a case of a described species that has been considered a form or subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B627D56FED7FA2C347332C2" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[344,576,1492,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrosiris">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FED7FA2C347332C2" box="[344,576,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">Dynastor macrosiris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B627D56FDE6FA2C353F32C2" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[617,780,1492,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FDE6FA2C353F32C2" box="[617,780,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FC9BFA2B35B032C2" bold="true" box="[788,899,1491,1517]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">stat. rest.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B627D56FC03FA2B321432C2" author="Stichel, H." box="[908,1063,1491,1517]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref35630" refString="Stichel, H. (1904) Lepidoptera Rhopalocera, Fam. Nymphalidae, Subfam. Brassolinae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum, Fascicule XX. V. Verteneuil &amp; L. Desmet, Bruxelles, pp. 1 - 48, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1904">Stichel (1904</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B627D56FBBCFA2B325F32C2" author="Stichel, H." box="[1075,1132,1491,1517]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" pagination="1 - 244" refId="ref35706" refString="Stichel, H. (1909) Brassolidae. Das Tierreich, 25, i - xiv + 1 - 244 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1235" type="book chapter" year="1909">1909</bibRefCitation>
) found
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B627D56FB47FA2C33AE32C2" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[1224,1437,1491,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FB47FA2C33AE32C2" box="[1224,1437,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FF18FA0F373B313E" bold="true" box="[151,264,1527,1553]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">stat. rest.</emphasis>
so similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B627D56FE20FA003467313E" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[431,596,1528,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FE20FA003467313E" box="[431,596,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FDD1FA0F34FC313E" bold="true" box="[606,719,1527,1553]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">stat. rest.</emphasis>
that he synonymized them. However, the wing color pattern, the morphology of the male genitalia, and the molecular data do not support this synonymy. Although
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B627D56FABBF9E436C83176" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FABBF9E436C83176" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FE89F9C737443176" bold="true" box="[262,375,1599,1625]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">stat. rest.</emphasis>
has a trans-Andean geographical distribution, like
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B627D56FC40F9B832473176" baseAuthorityName="Bates" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[975,1140,1600,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="strix">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FC40F9B832473176" box="[975,1140,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">Dynastor strix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FBF0F9C732C33176" bold="true" box="[1151,1264,1599,1625]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">stat. rest.</emphasis>
, it has a wing color pattern similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B627D56FE26F99C34A33152" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[425,656,1635,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FE26F99C34A33152" box="[425,656,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FD16F99B35353152" bold="true" box="[665,774,1635,1661]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B627D56FD16F99B35353152" box="[665,774,1635,1661]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, mainly in the VFW rusty red band between M
<subScript id="17BBF6468B627D56FABFF98E330B31AB" attach="left" box="[1328,1336,1654,1668]" fontSize="6" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">1</subScript>
and M
<subScript id="17BBF6468B627D56FA02F98E33A631AB" attach="left" box="[1421,1429,1654,1668]" fontSize="6" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">3</subScript>
, and also occurs in high elevations (
<quantity id="4CC759E68B627D56FDADF97F34E2318E" box="[546,721,1671,1697]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B627D56FDADF97F3453318E" box="[546,608,1671,1697]" degrees="1,000" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" precision="55" value="1.0">1,000</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B627D56FDEFF97F3483318E" box="[608,688,1671,1697]" degrees="2,000" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" precision="55" value="-2.0">–2,000</geoCoordinate>
m
</quantity>
). Nevertheless, the VFW and VHW ripple pattern differs: while
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B627D56FF18F954375E31EA" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,365,1707,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FF18F954375E31EA" box="[151,365,1707,1733]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FEFAF95337D631EA" bold="true" box="[373,485,1707,1733]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">stat. rest.</emphasis>
has the VFW and VHW with a ripple pattern finely and homogeneously arranged,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B627D56FF18F928374E31C6" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[151,381,1743,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FF18F928374E31C6" box="[151,381,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FE09F93737C131C6" bold="true" box="[390,498,1743,1769]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B627D56FE09F93737C131C6" box="[390,498,1743,1769]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has this ripple pattern strongly and irregularly arranged. Although it was possible to obtain only a single DNA barcode sequence of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B627D56FD57F90C359D3022" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[728,942,1779,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FD57F90C359D3022" box="[728,942,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FC39F90B32153022" bold="true" box="[950,1062,1779,1805]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">stat. rest.</emphasis>
, comparing it with the sequence provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B627D56FEADF8EF3463301E" author="Matos-Maravi, P. &amp; Wahlberg, N. &amp; Freitas, A. V. L. &amp; DeVries, P. &amp; Antonelli, A. &amp; Penz, C. M." box="[290,592,1815,1842]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" pagination="704 - 724" refId="ref33761" refString="Matos-Maravi, P., Wahlberg, N., Freitas, A. V. L., DeVries, P., Antonelli, A. &amp; Penz, C. M. (2021) Mesoamerica is a cradle and the Atlantic Forest is a museum of Neotropical butterfly diversity: insights from the evolution and biogeography of Brassolini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 133 (3), 704 - 724. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / biolinnean / blab 034" type="journal article" year="2021">
Matos-Maraví
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FE47F8E037CB301E" box="[456,504,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">et al</emphasis>
. (2021)
</bibRefCitation>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B627D56FDF3F8E0356C301E" authorityName="Piovesan &amp; Casagrande &amp; Lamas &amp; Mielke" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Stichel" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[636,863,1815,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pharnaces" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FDF3F8E0356C301E" box="[636,863,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">Dynastor pharnaces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FCEAF8EF35FD301E" bold="true" box="[869,974,1815,1841]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A278956A8B627D56FCEAF8EF35FD301E" box="[869,974,1815,1841]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, the divergence (7.0%) found agrees with the differences found in the morphology. Based on the information accumulated in this study,
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B627D56FB47F8C433AE307A" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[1224,1437,1851,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FB47F8C433AE307A" box="[1224,1437,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FF18F8A737353056" bold="true" box="[151,262,1887,1913]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">stat. rest.</emphasis>
has a restricted geographical distribution in the Colombian Cordilleras, being sympatric with
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B627D56FABBF898373230B2" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stygianus">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FABBF898373230B2" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">Dynastor stygianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FE85F87B374A30B2" bold="true" box="[266,377,1923,1949]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">stat. rest.</emphasis>
Although there is no illustration of the ventral view of the specimens mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B627D56FAC5F87B36E830EE" author="Salazar, J. A." pageId="43" pageNumber="494" pagination="33 - 46" refId="ref35100" refString="Salazar, J. A. (1993) Una lista comentada de algunas especies de mariposas de distribucion restringida o locales en Colombia (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Shilap Revista de lepidopterologia, 21 (81), 33 - 46." type="journal article" year="1993">Salazar (1993</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B627D56FF67F85F371030EE" author="Salazar, J. A." box="[232,291,1959,1985]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" pagination="153 - 159" refId="ref35144" refString="Salazar, J. A. (2002) Nuevas citas de localidades para algunas especies de mariposas de distribucion restringida o locales en Colombia (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Boletin cientifico. Museo de Historia Natural. Universidad de Caldas, 6, 153 - 159." type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B627D56FEA0F85F375A30EE" author="Salazar, J. A." box="[303,361,1959,1985]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" pagination="317 - 327" refId="ref35193" refString="Salazar, J. A. (2003) Revision de la lista de algunas especies de mariposas de distribucion poco conocida en Colombia (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Shilap Revista de lepidopterologia, 31 (124), 317 - 327." type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE89F28B627D56FE27F85F346D30EE" author="Andrade, M. G." box="[424,606,1959,1985]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" refId="ref31581" refString="Andrade, M. G. (2002) Biodiversidad de las mariposas (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) de Colombia. In: Costa, C., Vanin, S. A., Lobo, J. M. &amp; Melic, A. (Eds.), Proyecto de Red Iberoamericana de Biogeografia y Entomologia Sistematica. PrIBES 2002. Vol. 2. Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, Zaragoza, pp. 153 - 172." type="book" year="2002">Andrade (2002)</bibRefCitation>
, from the locality where these specimens were collected, the autors were probably referring to
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B627D56FE08F834346830CA" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[391,603,1995,2021]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="494" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FE08F834346830CA" box="[391,603,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B627D56FDEEF83334FD30CA" bold="true" box="[609,718,1995,2021]" pageId="43" pageNumber="494">stat. rest.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B657D51FF48FF6F3431379E" blockId="44.[151,1437,150,609]" box="[199,514,150,177]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B657D51FF48FF6F37B6379F" bold="true" box="[199,389,150,177]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Natural history.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B657D51FF48FF42374337D6" blockId="44.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B657D51FF48FF4237C137FB" bold="true" box="[199,498,186,212]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B657D51FE74FF42344337FB" bold="true" box="[507,624,186,212]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B657D51FE74FF42344337FB" box="[507,624,186,212]" name="Colombia" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Colombia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B657D51FD0EFF4334EA37FA" box="[641,729,187,213]" country="Colombia" name="Boyaca" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Boyacá</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B657D51FD68FF43350537FA" box="[743,822,187,213]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Caldas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B657D51FCCBFF43359037FA" box="[836,931,187,213]" country="Colombia" name="Quindio" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Quindío</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B657D51FC21FF43321337FA" box="[942,1056,187,213]" country="Colombia" name="Antioquia" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Antioquia</collectingRegion>
) (
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B657D51FBB6FF4332BC37FA" box="[1081,1167,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1112,1136]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,181,1089]" captionTargetId="figure-17@35.[189,1398,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 28. Geographical distribution of Dynastor macrosiris (Westwood, 1851), Dynastor pharnaces Stichel, 1908 stat. nov., Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest., and Dynastor strix (Bates, 1864) stat. rest. Asterisk (*) and at (@) inside the sampled locality indicate that the geographical distribution data was retrieved from the bibliography and iNaturalist (www. inaturalist.org), respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269048/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
), at elevations between 1,000 and
<quantity id="4CC759E68B657D51FE82FF27375F37D6" box="[269,364,223,249]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" unit="m" value="2.0">
<elevation id="001213308B657D51FE82FF27375F37D6" box="[269,364,223,249]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" unit="m" value="2.0">2,000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B657D51FF48FEFB35293632" blockId="44.[151,1437,150,609]" box="[199,794,258,285]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B657D51FF48FEFB37E43633" bold="true" box="[199,471,258,285]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Temporal distribution.</emphasis>
January, April, July, August.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C325A7888B657D51FF48FEDF331D354E" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B657D51FF48FEDF35AE364A" blockId="44.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B657D51FF48FEDF377D366E" bold="true" box="[199,334,295,321]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name probably refers to the Carthaginian general Hannibal (c. 247–183 B.C.) who commanded the forces against the Roman Republic during the Second Punic War.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B657D51FF48FE9636C836FE" blockId="44.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B657D51FF48FE9637FB36A7" bold="true" box="[199,456,366,392]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B57FE5E8B657D51FE5FFE9736C436FE" collectingDate="1980-08" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="Schmidt Munn" country="Colombia" location="Otanche" municipality="Photos" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Boyaca" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE46E798B657D51FE5FFE97342F36A6" box="[464,540,367,393]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Photos</collectingMunicipality>
of the
<typeStatus id="54844AA18B657D51FDFFFE9734E436A6" box="[624,727,367,393]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3F8F808B657D51FD70FE9735E736A6" authorityName=", Oberthur" authorityYear="1881" box="[767,980,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Dynastor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hannibal">
<emphasis id="B94B28118B657D51FD70FE9735E736A6" box="[767,980,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Dynastor hannibal</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1304E8868B657D51FC6BFE97320A36A6" box="[996,1081,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1313,1337]" captionTargetBox="[195,1391,189,1289]" captionTargetId="figure-17@43.[189,1398,181,1289]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 37. Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest. Lectotype of Dynastor hannibal Oberthür, 1881 stat. rest.; a. dorsal view, b. ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13269066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13269066/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
), and the following specimens:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B657D51FF18FE6A37053683" bold="true" box="[151,310,402,428]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B657D51FF18FE6A37053683" box="[151,310,402,428]" name="Colombia" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B657D51FEC8FE6A37AD3682" bold="true" box="[327,414,402,429]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B657D51FEC8FE6A37AD3682" box="[327,414,402,429]" country="Colombia" name="Boyaca" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Boyacá</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
—
<location id="8EE0A2D88B657D51FE34FE6B34293682" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039645158B6E7D51FF18F90B331D354E:8EE0A2D88B657D51FE34FE6B34293682" box="[443,538,403,429]" country="Colombia" municipality="Photos" name="Otanche" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" stateProvince="Boyaca">Otanche</location>
,
<date id="FF81D2C38B657D51FDA7FE6B34AF3682" box="[552,668,403,429]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" value="1980-08">
<collectingDate id="EFC52B2B8B657D51FDA7FE6B34AF3682" box="[552,668,403,429]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" value="1980-08">VIII-1980</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B657D51FD25FE6B35203682" box="[682,787,403,429]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
*,
<specimenCount id="9D393F8A8B657D51FCA3FE6B354D3682" box="[812,894,403,429]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
*/**,
<collectorName id="26CA91D58B657D51FC33FE6B32553682" box="[956,1126,403,429]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Schmidt Munn</collectorName>
leg., DZ 3969, DZ 52.734 (
<collectionCode id="ED2E6CC68B657D51FF10FE4F36DC36FE" box="[159,239,439,465]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B80F4038B657D51FF48FE23331D354E" blockId="44.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">
<materialsCitation id="3B57FE5E8B657D51FF48FE23331C36DA" box="[199,1327,474,501]" collectingDate="2021-07-29" country="Colombia" latitude="5.077889" location="Manizales" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.437805" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Caldas">
iNaturalist records:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B657D51FE25FE22347A36DB" bold="true" box="[426,585,474,500]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">
<collectingCountry id="F328B4938B657D51FE25FE22347A36DB" box="[426,585,474,500]" name="Colombia" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B94B28118B657D51FDD5FE22349F36DB" bold="true" box="[602,684,474,500]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B657D51FDD5FE22349F36DB" box="[602,684,474,500]" country="Colombia" name="Caldas" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Caldas</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
—
<location id="8EE0A2D88B657D51FD45FE23350C36DA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039645158B6E7D51FF18F90B331D354E:8EE0A2D88B657D51FD45FE23350C36DA" box="[714,831,475,501]" country="Colombia" latitude="5.077889" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.437805" name="Manizales" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" stateProvince="Caldas">Manizales</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B657D51FCC3FE2235EC36DA" box="[844,991,474,501]" degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" precision="1" seconds="40.4" value="5.077889">5°04’40.4”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B657D51FC63FE2232A336DA" box="[1004,1168,474,501]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" precision="1" seconds="16.1" value="-75.437805">75°26’16.1”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF81D2C38B657D51FB11FE23331C36DA" box="[1182,1327,475,501]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" value="2021-07-29">
<collectingDate id="EFC52B2B8B657D51FB11FE23331C36DA" box="[1182,1327,475,501]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" value="2021-07-29">29-VII-2021</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B57FE5E8B657D51FAB3FE2335FC3536" collectingDate="2021-01-14" country="Colombia" latitude="4.6772223" location="Filandia" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.65886" municipality="Johnnier Arango." pageId="44" pageNumber="495" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Quindio">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE46E798B657D51FAB3FE2336C03536" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Johnnier Arango.</collectingMunicipality>
<emphasis id="B94B28118B657D51FE8AFE0637543536" bold="true" box="[261,359,510,537]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">
<collectingRegion id="49FB3AE18B657D51FE8AFE0637543536" box="[261,359,510,537]" country="Colombia" name="Quindio" pageId="44" pageNumber="495">Quindío</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
—
<location id="8EE0A2D88B657D51FE0BFE0737D13536" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039645158B6E7D51FF18F90B331D354E:8EE0A2D88B657D51FE0BFE0737D13536" box="[388,482,511,537]" country="Colombia" latitude="4.6772223" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-75.65886" municipality="Johnnier Arango." name="Filandia" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" stateProvince="Quindio">Filandia</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B657D51FE77FE0734B93536" box="[504,650,511,537]" degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" precision="1" seconds="38.0" value="4.6772223">4°40’38.0”N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0B92C48B657D51FD2EFE0635763536" box="[673,837,510,537]" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="39" orientation="longitude" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" precision="1" seconds="31.9" value="-75.65886">75°39’31.9”W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FF81D2C38B657D51FCD2FE0735FC3536" box="[861,975,511,537]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" value="2021-01-14">
<collectingDate id="EFC52B2B8B657D51FCD2FE0735FC3536" box="[861,975,511,537]" pageId="44" pageNumber="495" value="2021-01-14">14-I-2021</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
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,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801345FFA7FE7FFCF2FD6C7B2A" author="Miglio L. T. &amp; Bonaldo A. B. &amp; Perez-Miles F." box="[491,766,791,818]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" pagination="185 - 189" refId="ref16299" refString="Miglio L. T., Bonaldo A. B. &amp; Perez-Miles F. 2013. On Munduruku, a new Theraphosid genus from Oriental Amazonia (Araneae, Mygalomorphae). Iheringia. Serie Zoologia 103 (2): 185 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212013000200013" type="journal article" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801345FFA7FE7FFCF2FD6C7B2A" author="Miglio" box="[491,766,791,818]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Miglio" page="185" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" pagination="185 - 189" refId="ref16299" refString="Miglio L. T., Bonaldo A. B. &amp; Perez-Miles F. 2013. On Munduruku, a new Theraphosid genus from Oriental Amazonia (Araneae, Mygalomorphae). Iheringia. Serie Zoologia 103 (2): 185 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212013000200013" type="journal article" year="2013">
Miglio
<emphasis id="B9437B631345FFA7FDD6FCFDFDEF7B29" box="[578,637,791,817]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
2013: 185
@ -146,13 +146,11 @@ col.;
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711345FFA7FF29FB47FD157DAA" blockId="19.[189,1398,1151,1461]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1345FFA7FF29FB47FB767CA4" box="[189,1252,1186,1212]" collectingDate="2007-06-04" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="D. F. Candiani" country="Brazil" latitude="-1.6124167" location="Same" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-56.19422" municipality="Juruti" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="MPEG 19028" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="paratype">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1345FFA7FF29FB47FB767CA4" box="[189,1252,1186,1212]" collectingDate="2007-06-04" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="D. F. Candiani" country="Brazil" latitude="-1.6124167" location="BRAZIL" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-56.19422" municipality="Juruti" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="MPEG 19028" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="F320E7E11345FFA7FF29FB47FEB47CA4" box="[189,294,1186,1212]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D316CF81345FFA7FED4FB47FEFC7CA4" box="[320,366,1186,1212]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<location id="8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FEE9FB47FE2C7CA4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E16671345FFAFFE34FD57FC7C7971:8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FEE9FB47FE2C7CA4" box="[381,446,1186,1212]" country="Brazil" name="Same" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">Same</location>
data as for holotype;
; Same data as for holotype;
<date id="FF8981B11345FFA7FD54FB47FCDF7CA4" box="[704,845,1186,1212]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" value="2007-06-04">
<collectingDate id="EFCD78591345FFA7FD54FB47FCDF7CA4" box="[704,845,1186,1212]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" value="2007-06-04">4 Jun. 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
@ -162,7 +160,7 @@ col.;
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A1345FFA7FBD5FB47FB767CA4" box="[1089,1252,1186,1212]" collectionCode="MPEG" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">MPEG 19028</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1345FFA7FB6AFB47FE947D1A" collectingDate="2008-08-12" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="N. C. Bastos" country="Brazil" county="Juruti" latitude="-2.4626389" location="Sitio" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-56.014168" municipality="Barroso" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="MPEG 19029" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="paratype">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1345FFA7FB6AFB47FE947D1A" collectingDate="2008-08-12" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="N. C. Bastos" country="Brazil" county="Juruti" latitude="-2.4626389" location="Sitio 3 Irmaos" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-56.014168" municipality="Barroso" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="MPEG 19029" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D316CF81345FFA7FB6AFB47FABE7CA4" box="[1278,1324,1186,1212]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="49F369931345FFA7FAAFFB47FAE07CA4" box="[1339,1394,1186,1212]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">Pará</collectingRegion>
@ -171,9 +169,7 @@ col.;
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEC3D0B1345FFA7FE9BFB23FEFD7CF8" box="[271,367,1222,1248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">Barroso</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FEE8FB20FE217CC7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E16671345FFAFFE34FD57FC7C7971:8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FEE8FB20FE217CC7" box="[380,435,1221,1247]" country="Brazil" county="Juruti" latitude="-2.4626389" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-56.014168" municipality="Barroso" name="Sitio" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Para">Sítio</location>
3
<location id="8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FE46FB23FDB47CF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E16671345FFAFFE34FD57FC7C7971:8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FE46FB23FDB47CF8" box="[466,550,1222,1248]" country="Brazil" county="Juruti" latitude="-2.4626389" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-56.014168" municipality="Barroso" name="Irmaos" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Para">Irmãos</location>
<location id="8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FEE8FB20FDB47CF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E16671345FFAFFE34FD57FC7C7971:8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FEE8FB20FDB47CF8" box="[380,550,1221,1248]" country="Brazil" county="Juruti" latitude="-2.4626389" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-56.014168" municipality="Barroso" name="Sitio 3 Irmaos" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Para">Sítio 3 Irmãos</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C1B61345FFA7FDA7FB26FD4A7CC7" box="[563,728,1219,1247]" degrees="02" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" precision="1" seconds="45.5" value="-2.4626389">02°27′45.5ʺ S</geoCoordinate>
,
@ -210,14 +206,14 @@ col.;
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A1345FFA7FF6EFAE9FE0D7D3E" box="[250,415,1292,1318]" collectionCode="MPEG" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">MPEG 19027</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1345FFA7FE2AFAE9FE947D51" collectingDate="2007-02" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="T. C. S. Avila-Pires" country="Brazil" location="Juruti" municipality="Juruti" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="MPEG 19025" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="paratype">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1345FFA7FE2AFAE9FE947D51" collectingDate="2007-02" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="T. C. S. Avila-Pires" country="Brazil" location="plato Juruti" municipality="Juruti" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="MPEG 19025" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D316CF81345FFA7FE2AFAE9FE7C7D3E" box="[446,494,1292,1318]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="49F369931345FFA7FE6BFAE9FDA47D3E" box="[511,566,1292,1318]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">Pará</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEC3D0B1345FFA7FDD1FAEEFD197D3D" box="[581,651,1291,1317]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">Juruti</collectingMunicipality>
, platô
<location id="8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FD4AFAEEFCB77D3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E16671345FFAFFE34FD57FC7C7971:8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FD4AFAEEFCB77D3D" box="[734,805,1291,1317]" country="Brazil" municipality="Juruti" name="Juruti" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Para">Juruti</location>
,
<location id="8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FD0DFAEEFCB77D3D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E16671345FFAFFE34FD57FC7C7971:8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FD0DFAEEFCB77D3D" box="[665,805,1291,1317]" country="Brazil" municipality="Juruti" name="plato Juruti" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Para">platô Juruti</location>
;
<date id="FF8981B11345FFA7FCA7FAEEFC3C7D3E" box="[819,942,1291,1318]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" value="2007-02">
<collectingDate id="EFCD78591345FFA7FCA7FAEEFC3C7D3E" box="[819,942,1291,1318]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" value="2007-02">Feb. 2007</collectingDate>
@ -229,14 +225,12 @@ col.;
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A1345FFA7FAB1FAE9FE947D51" collectionCode="MPEG" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">MPEG 19025</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1345FFA7FEB7FACAFE337D74" collectingDate="2007-05-09" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="A. Lima &amp; P. Suarez &amp; Goes" country="Brazil" location="Ferrovia" municipality="Km" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="MPEG 19030" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="paratype">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1345FFA7FEB7FACAFE337D74" collectingDate="2007-05-09" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="A. Lima &amp; P. Suarez &amp; A. J. Baia Goes" country="Brazil" location="Km 26 da Ferrovia" municipality="Km" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="MPEG 19030" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D316CF81345FFA7FEB7FACAFEC17D51" box="[291,339,1327,1353]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="49F369931345FFA7FEF5FACAFE0A7D51" box="[353,408,1327,1353]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">Pará</collectingRegion>
, ferrovia,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEC3D0B1345FFA7FD87FACAFDAD7D51" box="[531,575,1327,1353]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">Km</collectingMunicipality>
26 da
<location id="8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FD07FACAFD687D51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E16671345FFAFFE34FD57FC7C7971:8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FD07FACAFD687D51" box="[659,762,1327,1353]" country="Brazil" municipality="Km" name="Ferrovia" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Para">Ferrovia</location>
<location id="8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FD87FACAFD687D51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E16671345FFAFFE34FD57FC7C7971:8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FD87FACAFD687D51" box="[531,762,1326,1353]" country="Brazil" municipality="Km" name="Km 26 da Ferrovia" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Para">Km 26 da Ferrovia</location>
;
<date id="FF8981B11345FFA7FC93FACAFC0E7D51" box="[775,924,1327,1353]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" value="2007-05-09">
<collectingDate id="EFCD78591345FFA7FC93FACAFC0E7D51" box="[775,924,1327,1353]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" value="2007-05-09">9 May 2007</collectingDate>
@ -245,14 +239,13 @@ col.;
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71345FFA7FC3CFACAFB9C7D51" box="[936,1038,1327,1353]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">A. Lima</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71345FFA7FB8FFACAFB1B7D51" box="[1051,1161,1327,1353]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">P. Suarez</collectorName>
and A.J.
<collectingRegion id="49F369931345FFA7FB6FFACAFAA37D51" box="[1275,1329,1327,1353]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">Baia</collectingRegion>
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71345FFA7FAAEFACAFAE47D51" box="[1338,1398,1327,1353]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">Goes</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71345FFA7FB57FACAFAE47D51" box="[1219,1398,1327,1353]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">A.J. Baia Goes</collectorName>
col.;
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A1345FFA7FF68FAB7FE337D74" box="[252,417,1362,1388]" collectionCode="MPEG" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">MPEG 19030</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1345FFA7FE57FAB7FD117DAA" collectingDate="2011-06-12" collectingDateMax="2011-06-26" collectingDateMin="2011-06-12" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="M. S. Hoogmoed &amp; T. C. S. Avila-Pires" country="Brazil" county="Santarem" latitude="-3.1712778" location="Rio Inambu" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-55.816055" municipality="Tapajos-Arapiuns" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="MPEG 19031-19032" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="paratype">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1345FFA7FE57FAB7FDB47DAA" collectingDate="2011-06-12" collectingDateMax="2011-06-26" collectingDateMin="2011-06-12" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="M. S. Hoogmoed &amp; T. C. S. Avila-Pires" country="Brazil" county="Santarem" latitude="-3.1712778" location="RESEX Tapajos-Arapiuns" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-55.816055" municipality="Tapajos-Arapiuns" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="MPEG 19031" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D316CF81345FFA7FE57FAB7FD997D74" box="[451,523,1362,1388]" count="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D316CF81345FFA7FD8FFAB7FDDE7D74" box="[539,588,1362,1388]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
@ -260,12 +253,12 @@ col.;
<collectingRegion id="49F369931345FFA7FDCBFAB7FD047D74" box="[607,662,1362,1388]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">Pará</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62E9DFFD1345FFA7FD31FAB7FC857D74" box="[677,791,1362,1388]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">Santarém</collectingCounty>
, RESEX
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEC3D0B1345FFA7FC1AFAB7FBF37D74" box="[910,1121,1362,1388]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">Tapajós-Arapiuns</collectingMunicipality>
, junto ao
<location id="8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FB74FAB7FAE07D74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E16671345FFAFFE34FD57FC7C7971:8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FB74FAB7FAE07D74" box="[1248,1394,1362,1388]" country="Brazil" county="Santarem" latitude="-3.1712778" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-55.816055" municipality="Tapajos-Arapiuns" name="Rio Inambu" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Para">Rio Inambú</location>
,
<location id="8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FF29FA90FE7E7D97" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E16671345FFAFFE34FD57FC7C7971:8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FF29FA90FE7E7D97" box="[189,492,1397,1424]" country="Brazil" county="Santarem" latitude="-3.1712778" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-55.816055" municipality="Tapajos-Arapiuns" name="Comunidade Nova Canaa" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Para">Comunidade Nova Canaã</location>
<location id="8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FCB3FAB7FBF37D74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E16671345FFAFFE34FD57FC7C7971:8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FCB3FAB7FBF37D74" box="[807,1121,1362,1388]" country="Brazil" county="Santarem" latitude="-3.1712778" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-55.816055" municipality="Tapajos-Arapiuns" name="RESEX Tapajos-Arapiuns" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Para">RESEX Tapajós-Arapiuns</location>
,
<location id="8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FBE5FAB7FAE07D74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E16671345FFAFFE34FD57FC7C7971:8EE8F1AA1345FFA7FBE5FAB7FAE07D74" box="[1137,1394,1362,1388]" country="Brazil" county="Santarem" latitude="-3.1712778" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-55.816055" municipality="Tapajos-Arapiuns" name="junto ao Rio Inambu" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Para">junto ao Rio Inambú</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="62E9DFFD1345FFA7FF29FA90FE7E7D97" box="[189,492,1397,1424]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">Comunidade Nova Canaã</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C1B61345FFA7FE6CFA96FD0E7D97" box="[504,668,1395,1423]" degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" precision="1" seconds="16.6" value="-3.1712778">03°10′16.6ʺ S</geoCoordinate>
,
@ -279,7 +272,10 @@ col.;
and
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71345FFA7FAB9FA90FED17DAD" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">T.C.S. Ávila-Pires</collectorName>
col.;
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A1345FFA7FE11FA7DFD117DAA" box="[389,643,1432,1458]" collectionCode="MPEG" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">MPEG 19031–19032</specimenCode>
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A1345FFA7FE11FA7DFD117DAA" box="[389,643,1432,1458]" collectionCode="MPEG" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">
MPEG 19031
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1345FFA7FDB3FA7DFD117DAA" box="[551,643,1432,1458]" collectingDate="2011-06-12" collectingDateMax="2011-06-26" collectingDateMin="2011-06-12" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="M. S. Hoogmoed &amp; T. C. S. Avila-Pires" country="Brazil" county="Santarem" latitude="-3.1712778" location="RESEX Tapajos-Arapiuns" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-55.816055" municipality="Tapajos-Arapiuns" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="MPEG 19032" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="paratype">–19032</materialsCitation>
</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
@ -289,7 +285,7 @@ col.;
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711345FFA7FF29F9EDFDB97E94" blockId="19.[189,1399,1544,1676]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1345FFA7FF29F9EDFAF07E3A" box="[189,1378,1544,1571]" collectingDate="2007-06-10" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="N.E. Ferretti &amp; D. F. Candiani" country="Brazil" location="BRAZIL" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="MPEG 30871" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="topotype">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1345FFA7FF29F9EDFAF07E3A" box="[189,1378,1544,1571]" collectingDate="2007-06-10" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="N. F. Lo-Man-Hung &amp; D. F. Candiani" country="Brazil" location="BRAZIL" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="MPEG 30871" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="topotype">
<collectingCountry id="F320E7E11345FFA7FF29F9EDFEB47E3A" box="[189,294,1544,1570]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D316CF81345FFA7FED0F9EDFEE77E3B" box="[324,373,1544,1571]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
@ -300,21 +296,21 @@ col.;
<collectingDate id="EFCD78591345FFA7FE69F9EDFD0E7E3A" box="[509,668,1544,1571]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" value="2007-06-10">10 Jun. 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71345FFA7FD3FF9ECFD4F7E3B" box="[683,733,1545,1571]" name="N.E. Ferretti" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">N.F.</collectorName>
Lo-Man-Hung and
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71345FFA7FD3FF9ECFC007E3B" box="[683,914,1545,1571]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">N.F. Lo-Man-Hung</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71345FFA7FC44F9ECFBE47E3A" box="[976,1142,1544,1571]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">D.F. Candiani</collectorName>
col.;
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A1345FFA7FB29F9EDFAF07E3A" box="[1213,1378,1544,1570]" collectionCode="MPEG" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90vz-swjg" name="Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">MPEG 30871</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1345FFA7FF29F9CEFEF27E71" collectingDate="2007-02-09" collectionCode="MPEG" collectorName="N.E. Ferretti" country="Brazil" latitude="-2.4728055" location="Capiranga" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-56.208168" municipality="Juruti" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="MPEG 30870" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="topotype">
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See
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801345FFA7FF7BF907FE447EE4" author="Miglio L. T. &amp; Bonaldo A. B. &amp; Perez-Miles F." box="[239,470,1762,1788]" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" pagination="185 - 189" refId="ref16299" refString="Miglio L. T., Bonaldo A. B. &amp; Perez-Miles F. 2013. On Munduruku, a new Theraphosid genus from Oriental Amazonia (Araneae, Mygalomorphae). Iheringia. Serie Zoologia 103 (2): 185 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212013000200013" type="journal article" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801345FFA7FF7BF907FE447EE4" author="Miglio" box="[239,470,1762,1788]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Miglio" pageId="19" pageNumber="72" pagination="185 - 189" refId="ref16299" refString="Miglio L. T., Bonaldo A. B. &amp; Perez-Miles F. 2013. On Munduruku, a new Theraphosid genus from Oriental Amazonia (Araneae, Mygalomorphae). Iheringia. Serie Zoologia 103 (2): 185 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212013000200013" type="journal article" year="2013">
Miglio
<emphasis id="B9437B631345FFA7FED2F906FE137EE4" box="[326,385,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="72">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
@ -388,7 +384,7 @@ Palpal bulb: tegulum piriformis with PS and PI (
<emphasis id="B9437B631342FFA0FF29F8BBFEDC7F61" bold="true" box="[189,334,1886,1913]" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">Figs 35–42.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF21342FFA0FECEF8BAFBF07F61" authority="Miglio, Bonaldo &amp; Perez-Miles, 2013" authorityName="Miglio, Bonaldo &amp; Perez-Miles" authorityYear="2013" box="[346,1122,1887,1913]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Munduruku" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicoloratum">
<emphasis id="B9437B631342FFA0FECEF8BAFD127F61" box="[346,640,1887,1913]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">Munduruku bicoloratum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801342FFA0FD18F8BAFBF07F61" author="Miglio L. T. &amp; Bonaldo A. B. &amp; Perez-Miles F." box="[652,1122,1887,1913]" pageId="20" pageNumber="73" pagination="185 - 189" refId="ref16299" refString="Miglio L. T., Bonaldo A. B. &amp; Perez-Miles F. 2013. On Munduruku, a new Theraphosid genus from Oriental Amazonia (Araneae, Mygalomorphae). Iheringia. Serie Zoologia 103 (2): 185 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212013000200013" type="journal article" year="2013">Miglio, Bonaldo &amp; Pérez-Miles, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B9437B631342FFA0FBE5F8BAFB787F61" bold="true" box="[1137,1258,1887,1913]" pageId="20" pageNumber="73">35–37, 41</emphasis>
@ -646,7 +642,7 @@ Granular cavities. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general are
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF2134FFFADFEFBF97BFCB27EA0" authority="(Koch, 1841)" baseAuthorityName="Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[367,800,1694,1720]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kochiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="25" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnipes">
<emphasis id="B9437B63134FFFADFEFBF97BFDFB7EA0" box="[367,617,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="78">Kochiana brunnipes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80134FFFADFDEBF97BFC857EA0" author="Koch C. L." box="[639,791,1694,1720]" pageId="25" pageNumber="78" refId="ref15962" refString="Koch C. L. 1841. Die Arachniden: Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. Der C. H. Zeh'schen Buchhandlung, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744" type="book" year="1841">Koch, 1841</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80134FFFADFDEBF97BFC857EA0" author="Koch" box="[639,791,1694,1720]" firstAuthor="Koch" pageId="25" pageNumber="78" refId="ref15962" refString="Koch C. L. 1841. Die Arachniden: Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. Der C. H. Zeh'schen Buchhandlung, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744" type="book" year="1841">Koch, 1841</bibRefCitation>
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@ -711,7 +707,7 @@ Middle depression. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general are
<emphasis id="B9437B63134CFFAEFF29F97BFEF87EA1" bold="true" box="[189,362,1694,1721]" pageId="26" pageNumber="79">Figs 103–114.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF2134CFFAEFEE0F97BFBE57EA0" authority="Miglio, Bonaldo &amp; Perez-Miles, 2013" authorityName="Miglio, Bonaldo &amp; Perez-Miles" authorityYear="2013" box="[372,1143,1694,1720]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Munduruku" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="26" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicoloratum">
<emphasis id="B9437B63134CFFAEFEE0F97BFD087EA0" box="[372,666,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="79">Munduruku bicoloratum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80134CFFAEFD30F97BFBE57EA0" author="Miglio L. T. &amp; Bonaldo A. B. &amp; Perez-Miles F." box="[676,1143,1694,1720]" pageId="26" pageNumber="79" pagination="185 - 189" refId="ref16299" refString="Miglio L. T., Bonaldo A. B. &amp; Perez-Miles F. 2013. On Munduruku, a new Theraphosid genus from Oriental Amazonia (Araneae, Mygalomorphae). Iheringia. Serie Zoologia 103 (2): 185 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212013000200013" type="journal article" year="2013">Miglio, Bonaldo &amp; Pérez-Miles, 2013</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B9437B63134CFFAEFB11F97BFB7E7EA0" bold="true" box="[1157,1260,1694,1720]" pageId="26" pageNumber="79">103–112</emphasis>

410
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<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF21346FFA4FDD8FA5EFC757DCD" ID-CoL="935W7" authority="(Koch, 1841)" baseAuthorityName="Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[588,999,1467,1494]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kochiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnipes">
<emphasis id="B9437B631346FFA4FDD8FA5EFCD17DCE" bold="true" box="[588,835,1467,1494]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Kochiana brunnipes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801346FFA4FCC7FA5EFC4D7DCD" author="Koch" box="[851,991,1467,1493]" firstAuthor="Koch" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" refId="ref15962" refString="Koch C. L. 1841. Die Arachniden: Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. Der C. H. Zeh'schen Buchhandlung, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744" type="book" year="1841">Koch, 1841</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DF4FA1346FFA4FD1CFA3BFC3E7DE0" box="[648,940,1502,1528]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B88A7711346FFA4FD1CFA3BFC3E7DE0" blockId="16.[588,999,1467,1528]" box="[648,940,1502,1528]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41346FFA4FD1CFA3BFC9C7DE0" box="[648,782,1502,1528]" captionStart="Figs 27–34" captionStartId="17.[189,242,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,324,1830]" captionTargetId="figure-0@17.[189,1398,316,1838]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 27–34. Kochiana brunnipes (Koch, 1841). 27–29, 33. ♂, MZSP 28774. 30–32, 34. ♀, MZSP 28776. 27, 30. Prosome, dorsal view. 28, 31. Opisthosoma, dorsal view. 29, 32. Prosome, ventral view. 33–34. Labium and endites. Scale bars=5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284811/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Figs 27–34</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41346FFA4FC8EFA3BFCE67DE0" box="[794,884,1502,1528]" captionStart="Figs 91–102" captionStartId="25.[189,242,1693,1719]" captionTargetBox="[200,1386,324,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[189,1389,317,1629]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 91–102. Kochiana brunnipes (Koch, 1841). 91–100 ♂, MZSP 28774. 101–102. ♀, MZSP 28776. 91–94. Palpal bulb. 91. Retrolateral view. 92. Frontal view. 93. Prolateral view. 94. Embolous apex, detached view. 95–97. Palpal tibia. 95. Retrolateral view. 96. Ventral view. 97. Prolateral view. 98–100. Tibial apophysis. 98. Retrolateral view. 99. Ventral view. 100. Prolateral view. 101– 102. Spermathecae. 101. Ventral view. 102. Receptacle detached view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: AC =Accessory keel, MC =Median crest, PI =Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, PTK =Prolateral tegular keel. Palpal tibia: PP =Prolateral protuberance. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities, MD =Middle depression. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284825/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">91–102</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41346FFA4FC15FA3BFC3E7DE0" box="[897,940,1502,1528]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[190,233,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[202,1387,1186,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-401@28.[195,1395,1179,1854]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 119. Hapalopini species distribution. Pink squares=Cyriocosmus paresi sp. nov. Green hexagon =Hapalopus akroa sp. nov. Yellow hexagon =H. guidonae sp. nov. Red circles=Kochiana fukushimae sp. nov. Orange circles=K. brunnipes (Koch, 1841). Blue triangles =Munduruku bicoloratum Miglio, Bonaldo &amp; Pérez-Miles, 2013." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284833/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">119</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DF4FA1346FFA4FF29F9C5FBFD7F3E" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B88A7711346FFA4FF29F9C5FDC47E23" blockId="16.[189,598,1568,1595]" box="[189,598,1568,1595]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB27805F1346FFA4FF29F9C5FDC47E23" box="[189,598,1568,1595]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9681601346FFA4FF29F9C5FDC07E23" author="Koch C. L." box="[189,594,1568,1595]" page="35" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" year="1841">
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF21346FFA4FF29F9C5FDC07E23" authority="Koch, 1841: 35" authorityName="Koch" authorityPageNumber="35" authorityYear="1841" box="[189,594,1568,1595]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Mygale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnipes">
<emphasis id="B9437B631346FFA4FF29F9C5FE037E22" box="[189,401,1568,1594]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Mygale brunnipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801346FFA4FE0DF9C5FDC07E23" author="Koch" box="[409,594,1568,1595]" firstAuthor="Koch" page="35" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" refId="ref15962" refString="Koch C. L. 1841. Die Arachniden: Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. Der C. H. Zeh'schen Buchhandlung, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744" type="book" year="1841">Koch, 1841: 35</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711346FFA4FF29F984FEEE7E87" blockId="16.[189,1398,1633,1765]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB27805F1346FFA4FF29F984FEEE7E87" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF21346FFA4FF29F984FE537E63" authority="Koch, 1850" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1850" box="[189,449,1633,1659]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Eurypelma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnipes">
<emphasis id="B9437B631346FFA4FF29F984FE537E63" box="[189,449,1633,1659]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Eurypelma brunnipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0A9681601346FFA4FE79F984FD3F7E63" author="Koch C. L." box="[493,685,1633,1660]" page="74" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" year="1850">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801346FFA4FE79F984FD3F7E63" author="Koch" box="[493,685,1633,1660]" firstAuthor="Koch" page="74" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" refId="ref16004" refString="Koch C. L. 1850. Ubersicht des Arachnidensystems. Vol 5. Lotzbeck, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 39561" type="journal volume" year="1850">Koch 1850: 74</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, transferred from
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF21346FFA4FC01F984FC7F7E63" authority="Koch, 1841: 35" authorityName="Koch" authorityPageNumber="35" authorityYear="1841" box="[917,1005,1633,1659]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Mygale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9437B631346FFA4FC01F984FC7F7E63" box="[917,1005,1633,1659]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Mygale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(did not designate the
<typeStatus id="548C19D31346FFA4FA89F987FAC27E64" box="[1309,1360,1634,1660]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF21346FFA4FF7EF961FEF97E86" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1850" box="[234,363,1668,1694]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Eurypelma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9437B631346FFA4FF7EF961FEF97E86" box="[234,363,1668,1694]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Eurypelma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711346FFA4FF29F94DFE317EFD" blockId="16.[189,1398,1633,1765]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB27805F1346FFA4FF29F94DFE317EFD" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF21346FFA4FF29F94DFE287EDA" authority="Raven, 1985" authorityYear="1985" baseAuthorityName="Raven" box="[189,442,1704,1730]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnipes">
<emphasis id="B9437B631346FFA4FF29F94DFE287EDA" box="[189,442,1704,1730]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Avicularia brunnipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
–
<treatmentCitation id="0A9681601346FFA4FE71F94DFD2F7EDA" box="[485,701,1703,1730]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801346FFA4FE71F94DFD2F7EDA" author="Raven R. J." box="[485,701,1703,1730]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref16931" refString="Raven R. J. 1985. The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 182: 1 - 180." type="journal article" year="1985">Raven 1985: 153</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, considered
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF21346FFA4FCCAF94DFC4D7EDA" authorityName="Koch" authorityYear="1850" box="[862,991,1704,1730]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Eurypelma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9437B631346FFA4FCCAF94DFC4D7EDA" box="[862,991,1704,1730]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Eurypelma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF21346FFA4FB68F94DFE0D7EFD" ID-CoL="36Q2" authority="Lamarck, 1818" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1818" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9437B631346FFA4FB68F94DFAE47EDA" box="[1276,1398,1704,1730]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Avicularia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801346FFA4FF7EF92EFE0D7EFD" author="Lamarck" box="[234,415,1739,1765]" firstAuthor="Lamarck" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" refId="ref16036" refString="Lamarck J. B. de 1818. Histoire naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres. Tome cinquieme. Paris, Verdiere. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12712" type="book" year="1818">Lamarck, 1818</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711346FFA4FF29F8E9FBFD7F3E" blockId="16.[189,1135,1804,1831]" box="[189,1135,1804,1831]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB27805F1346FFA4FF29F8E9FBFD7F3E" box="[189,1135,1804,1831]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF21346FFA4FF29F8E9FE397F3E" ID-CoL="935W7" baseAuthorityName="Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[189,427,1804,1830]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kochiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnipes">
<emphasis id="B9437B631346FFA4FF29F8E9FE397F3E" box="[189,427,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Kochiana brunnipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0A9681601346FFA4FE4CF8E9FC8F7F3F" author="Fukushima C. S. &amp; Nagahama R. H. &amp; Bertani R." box="[472,797,1804,1831]" page="405" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801346FFA4FE4CF8E9FC8F7F3F" author="Fukushima" box="[472,797,1804,1831]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fukushima" page="405" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" pagination="402 - 410" refId="ref15022" refString="Fukushima C. S., Nagahama R. H. &amp; Bertani R. 2008. The identity of Mygale brunnipes C. L. Koch 1842 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with a redescription of the species and the description of a new genus. Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 402 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / CA 07 - 108.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Fukushima
<emphasis id="B9437B631346FFA4FDF5F8E8FD0E7F3E" box="[609,668,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">et al.</emphasis>
2008: 405
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, transferred from
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF21346FFA4FC79F8E9FBF97F3E" ID-CoL="36Q2" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1818" box="[1005,1131,1804,1830]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Avicularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Avicularia</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DF4FA1346FFA6FF29F8ABFD287995" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B88A7711346FFA4FF29F8ABFE3D7F7F" blockId="16.[189,431,1869,1896]" box="[189,431,1869,1896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
<heading id="D0C0101D1346FFA4FF29F8ABFE3D7F7F" bold="true" box="[189,431,1869,1896]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9437B631346FFA4FF29F8ABFE3D7F7F" bold="true" box="[189,431,1869,1896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711346FFA6FF29F899FD287995" blockId="16.[189,1398,1916,2013]" lastBlockId="18.[189,1400,265,397]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
Males and females differ from
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF21346FFA4FDBDF899FCBB7F8E" authorityName="Moeller &amp; Galleti-Lima &amp; Guadanucci" authorityYear="2024" box="[553,809,1916,1942]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kochiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fukushimae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9437B631346FFA4FDBDF899FCBB7F8E" box="[553,809,1916,1942]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Kochiana fukushimae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270C6181346FFA4FCA5F898FC1E7F8F" box="[817,908,1917,1943]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by the collor pattern, black with patellae, metatarsi and tarsi orange brown and absence of red setae on abdomen (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41346FFA4FB9FF87AFB067FA2" box="[1035,1172,1951,1978]" captionStart="Figs 27–34" captionStartId="17.[189,242,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,324,1830]" captionTargetId="figure-0@17.[189,1398,316,1838]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figs 27–34. Kochiana brunnipes (Koch, 1841). 27–29, 33. ♂, MZSP 28774. 30–32, 34. ♀, MZSP 28776. 27, 30. Prosome, dorsal view. 28, 31. Opisthosoma, dorsal view. 29, 32. Prosome, ventral view. 33–34. Labium and endites. Scale bars=5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284811/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Figs 27–34</figureCitation>
). Males differ from
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF21346FFA4FF29F826FEFA7FC5" authorityName="Moeller &amp; Galleti-Lima &amp; Guadanucci" authorityYear="2024" box="[189,360,1987,2013]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kochiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fukushimae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9437B631346FFA4FF29F826FEFA7FC5" box="[189,360,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">K. fukushimae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270C6181346FFA4FEE6F826FE427FC5" box="[370,464,1987,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by the longer embolus, more curved in ventral direction from half its length (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41344FFA6FF52FEECFEB0793B" box="[198,290,265,291]" captionStart="Figs 91–102" captionStartId="25.[189,242,1693,1719]" captionTargetBox="[200,1386,324,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[189,1389,317,1629]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 91–102. Kochiana brunnipes (Koch, 1841). 91–100 ♂, MZSP 28774. 101–102. ♀, MZSP 28776. 91–94. Palpal bulb. 91. Retrolateral view. 92. Frontal view. 93. Prolateral view. 94. Embolous apex, detached view. 95–97. Palpal tibia. 95. Retrolateral view. 96. Ventral view. 97. Prolateral view. 98–100. Tibial apophysis. 98. Retrolateral view. 99. Ventral view. 100. Prolateral view. 101– 102. Spermathecae. 101. Ventral view. 102. Receptacle detached view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: AC =Accessory keel, MC =Median crest, PI =Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, PTK =Prolateral tegular keel. Palpal tibia: PP =Prolateral protuberance. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities, MD =Middle depression. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284825/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Fig. 92</figureCitation>
), prominent accessory keels (AC) (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41344FFA6FD43FEECFCF0793B" box="[727,866,265,291]" captionStart="Figs 91–102" captionStartId="25.[189,242,1693,1719]" captionTargetBox="[200,1386,324,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[189,1389,317,1629]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 91–102. Kochiana brunnipes (Koch, 1841). 91–100 ♂, MZSP 28774. 101–102. ♀, MZSP 28776. 91–94. Palpal bulb. 91. Retrolateral view. 92. Frontal view. 93. Prolateral view. 94. Embolous apex, detached view. 95–97. Palpal tibia. 95. Retrolateral view. 96. Ventral view. 97. Prolateral view. 98–100. Tibial apophysis. 98. Retrolateral view. 99. Ventral view. 100. Prolateral view. 101– 102. Spermathecae. 101. Ventral view. 102. Receptacle detached view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: AC =Accessory keel, MC =Median crest, PI =Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, PTK =Prolateral tegular keel. Palpal tibia: PP =Prolateral protuberance. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities, MD =Middle depression. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284825/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Figs 92–93</figureCitation>
) and retrolateral branch of tibial apophysis entirely flattened (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41344FFA6FE02FEC9FE7D795E" box="[406,495,300,326]" captionStart="Figs 91–102" captionStartId="25.[189,242,1693,1719]" captionTargetBox="[200,1386,324,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[189,1389,317,1629]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 91–102. Kochiana brunnipes (Koch, 1841). 91–100 ♂, MZSP 28774. 101–102. ♀, MZSP 28776. 91–94. Palpal bulb. 91. Retrolateral view. 92. Frontal view. 93. Prolateral view. 94. Embolous apex, detached view. 95–97. Palpal tibia. 95. Retrolateral view. 96. Ventral view. 97. Prolateral view. 98–100. Tibial apophysis. 98. Retrolateral view. 99. Ventral view. 100. Prolateral view. 101– 102. Spermathecae. 101. Ventral view. 102. Receptacle detached view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: AC =Accessory keel, MC =Median crest, PI =Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, PTK =Prolateral tegular keel. Palpal tibia: PP =Prolateral protuberance. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities, MD =Middle depression. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284825/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Fig. 99</figureCitation>
). Females differ from
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF21344FFA6FD6DFEC8FC30795E" authorityName="Moeller &amp; Galleti-Lima &amp; Guadanucci" authorityYear="2024" box="[761,930,300,326]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kochiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fukushimae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9437B631344FFA6FD6DFEC8FC30795E" box="[761,930,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">K. fukushimae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A270C6181344FFA6FC38FEC8FB9A795F" box="[940,1032,301,327]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by the spermathecae projected in ventral direction (“horn shaped” according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801344FFA6FD6EFEAAFB9B7971" author="Fukushima" box="[762,1033,335,362]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fukushima" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" pagination="402 - 410" refId="ref15022" refString="Fukushima C. S., Nagahama R. H. &amp; Bertani R. 2008. The identity of Mygale brunnipes C. L. Koch 1842 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with a redescription of the species and the description of a new genus. Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 402 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / CA 07 - 108.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Fukushima
<emphasis id="B9437B631344FFA6FC10FEB5FC2C7971" box="[900,958,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008
</bibRefCitation>
) and presence of unsclerotized middle depression (MD) at base (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41344FFA6FDD2FE97FD3F7995" box="[582,685,370,397]" captionStart="Figs 91–102" captionStartId="25.[189,242,1693,1719]" captionTargetBox="[200,1386,324,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[189,1389,317,1629]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 91–102. Kochiana brunnipes (Koch, 1841). 91–100 ♂, MZSP 28774. 101–102. ♀, MZSP 28776. 91–94. Palpal bulb. 91. Retrolateral view. 92. Frontal view. 93. Prolateral view. 94. Embolous apex, detached view. 95–97. Palpal tibia. 95. Retrolateral view. 96. Ventral view. 97. Prolateral view. 98–100. Tibial apophysis. 98. Retrolateral view. 99. Ventral view. 100. Prolateral view. 101– 102. Spermathecae. 101. Ventral view. 102. Receptacle detached view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: AC =Accessory keel, MC =Median crest, PI =Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, PTK =Prolateral tegular keel. Palpal tibia: PP =Prolateral protuberance. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities, MD =Middle depression. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284825/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Fig. 101</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF48F7F91347FFA5FF29F881FD747FDE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284811" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13284811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284811/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" startId="17.[189,242,1892,1918]" targetBox="[196,1390,324,1830]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="8B88A7711347FFA5FF29F881FD747FDE" blockId="17.[189,1399,1892,1990]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="B9437B631347FFA5FF29F881FEDC7F67" bold="true" box="[189,334,1892,1919]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Figs 27–34.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF21347FFA5FECEF880FC927F67" authority="(Koch, 1841)" baseAuthorityName="Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[346,768,1893,1919]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Kochiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunnipes">
<emphasis id="B9437B631347FFA5FECEF880FDC27F67" box="[346,592,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">Kochiana brunnipes</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801347FFA5FDF7F880FD657F67" author="Koch" box="[611,759,1893,1919]" firstAuthor="Koch" pageId="17" pageNumber="70" refId="ref15962" refString="Koch C. L. 1841. Die Arachniden: Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. Der C. H. Zeh'schen Buchhandlung, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744" type="book" year="1841">Koch, 1841</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B9437B631347FFA5FC9BF880FC1A7F67" bold="true" box="[783,904,1893,1919]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">27–29, 33</emphasis>
. ♂, MZSP 28774.
<emphasis id="B9437B631347FFA5FBE3F880FB7D7F67" bold="true" box="[1143,1263,1893,1919]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">30–32, 34</emphasis>
. ♀, MZSP 28776.
<emphasis id="B9437B631347FFA5FE81F86DFECD7FBA" bold="true" box="[277,351,1928,1954]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">27, 30</emphasis>
. Prosome, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B9437B631347FFA5FDEDF86DFD507FBA" bold="true" box="[633,706,1928,1954]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">28, 31</emphasis>
. Opisthosoma, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B9437B631347FFA5FB85F86DFBC87FBA" bold="true" box="[1041,1114,1928,1954]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">29, 32</emphasis>
. Prosome, ventral view.
<emphasis id="B9437B631347FFA5FF29F84EFE947FDD" bold="true" box="[189,262,1963,1989]" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">33–34</emphasis>
. Labium and endites. Scale bars
<emphasis id="B9437B631347FFA5FD12F849FD087FDD" box="[646,666,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="70">=</emphasis>
5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32DF4FA1344FFA6FF29FE51FEE87DC1" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B88A7711344FFA6FF29FE51FDB479D6" blockId="18.[189,550,436,462]" box="[189,550,436,462]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B9437B631344FFA6FF29FE51FEFE79D6" bold="true" box="[189,364,436,462]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Type material</emphasis>
(not examined)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711344FFA6FF7EFE06FECE79E5" blockId="18.[189,1399,483,579]" box="[234,348,483,509]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B9437B631344FFA6FF7EFE06FECE79E5" bold="true" box="[234,348,483,509]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
<typeStatus id="548C19D31344FFA6FF7EFE06FECE79E5" box="[234,348,483,509]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711344FFA6FF29FDE3FEDB7A5B" blockId="18.[189,1399,483,579]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1344FFA6FF29FDE3FEDB7A5B" collectionCode="ZMB" collectorName="G. W. Freireis" country="Brazil" determinerName="C. L. Koch" location="BRAZIL" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" specimenCode="ZMB-2071" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F320E7E11344FFA6FF29FDE3FEB47A38" box="[189,294,518,544]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D316CF81344FFA6FED3FDE3FECC7A38" box="[327,350,518,544]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
; unknown type locality; unknown collection date;
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71344FFA6FC59FDE3FBFD7A38" box="[973,1135,518,544]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">G.W. Freireis</collectorName>
col.;
<determinerName id="7E544BB51344FFA6FB2DFDE3FAAA7A38" box="[1209,1336,518,544]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">C.L. Koch</determinerName>
det.;
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A1344FFA6FF29FDCCFED67A5B" box="[189,324,553,579]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">ZMB-2071</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711344FFA6FF29FD8FFE6B7A9C" blockId="18.[189,505,618,644]" box="[189,505,618,644]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
<heading id="D0C0101D1344FFA6FF29FD8FFE6B7A9C" bold="true" box="[189,505,618,644]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9437B631344FFA6FF29FD8FFE6B7A9C" bold="true" box="[189,505,618,644]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Other material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711344FFA6FF29FD7CFDF87B9E" blockId="18.[189,1399,663,902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1344FFA6FF29FD7CFE7A7AE1" collectingDate="2006-08-12" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="R. Bertani &amp; D. R. M. Ortega &amp; R. H. Nagahama" country="Brazil" latitude="-9.233334" location="Murici Ecological Station" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="-35.8" municipality="Murici" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" specimenCode="MZSP 28776" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Alagoas">
<collectingCountry id="F320E7E11344FFA6FF29FD7CFEB47AAB" box="[189,294,665,691]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D316CF81344FFA6FEDFFD7CFE127AAB" box="[331,384,665,691]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="49F369931344FFA6FE05FD7CFE667AAB" box="[401,500,665,691]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEC3D0B1344FFA6FD92FD7CFDCB7AAB" box="[518,601,665,691]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Murici</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EE8F1AA1344FFA6FDFEFD7CFC3A7AAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E16671346FFA6FDD8FA5EFEE87DC1:8EE8F1AA1344FFA6FDFEFD7CFC3A7AAB" box="[618,936,665,691]" country="Brazil" latitude="-9.233334" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="-35.8" municipality="Murici" name="Murici Ecological Station" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" stateProvince="Alagoas">Murici Ecological Station</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C1B61344FFA6FC2EFD72FBB47AAB" box="[954,1062,663,691]" degrees="09" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" precision="925" value="-9.233334">09°14′ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C1B61344FFA6FBADFD72FB237AAB" box="[1081,1201,663,691]" degrees="35" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" precision="925" value="-35.8">35°48′ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="FF8981B11344FFA6FB57FD7CFAE07AAB" box="[1219,1394,665,691]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" value="2006-08-12">
<collectingDate id="EFCD78591344FFA6FB57FD7CFAE07AAB" box="[1219,1394,665,691]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" value="2006-08-12">12 Aug. 2006</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71344FFA6FF29FD58FEAB7ACE" box="[189,313,700,727]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">R. Bertani</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71344FFA6FED2FD58FE657ACE" box="[326,503,700,727]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">D.R.M. Ortega</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71344FFA6FDA5FD58FD7C7ACE" box="[561,750,700,727]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">R.H. Nagahama</collectorName>
col.;
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A1344FFA6FCA5FD59FC5C7ACE" box="[817,974,700,726]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" type="Museum">MZSP 28776</specimenCode>
(used by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801344FFA6FBD0FD59FADE7ACE" author="Fukushima" box="[1092,1356,700,726]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fukushima" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" pagination="402 - 410" refId="ref15022" refString="Fukushima C. S., Nagahama R. H. &amp; Bertani R. 2008. The identity of Mygale brunnipes C. L. Koch 1842 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with a redescription of the species and the description of a new genus. Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 402 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / CA 07 - 108.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Fukushima
<emphasis id="B9437B631344FFA6FB5BFD58FA9B7ACE" box="[1231,1289,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
for the species redescription)
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1344FFA6FD94FD3AFB8F7AE1" box="[512,1053,735,762]" collectingDate="2006-08-12" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="R. Bertani &amp; D. R. M. Ortega &amp; R. H. Nagahama" country="Brazil" latitude="-9.233334" location="Murici Ecological Station" longLatPrecision="1300" longitude="-35.8" municipality="Murici" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" specimenCode="MZSP 28774" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Alagoas">
<specimenCount id="9D316CF81344FFA6FD94FD3AFDBE7AE2" box="[512,556,735,762]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; same data as for preceding;
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A1344FFA6FC16FD3AFB8F7AE1" box="[898,1053,735,761]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" type="Museum">MZSP 28774</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1344FFA6FBA2FD3AFAF17B58" collectingDate="2019-10-16" collectionCode="CAD" collectorName="R. Fonseca-Ferreira &amp; M. Morales &amp; N. E. V. Saraiva &amp; A. C. S. Silvino" country="Brazil" latitude="-8.191722" location="Reserva Particular do Patrimonio Natural Mata do Bituri" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-36.39778" municipality="Brejo da Madre de Deus" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" specimenCode="CAD 1104" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Pernambuco">
<specimenCount id="9D316CF81344FFA6FBA2FD3AFBF17AE2" box="[1078,1123,735,762]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="49F369931344FFA6FBE5FD3AFA957AE1" box="[1137,1287,735,761]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEC3D0B1344FFA6FA86FD3AFEE07B05" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Brejo da Madre de Deus</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EE8F1AA1344FFA6FEE9FCE6FB847B04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E16671346FFA6FDD8FA5EFEE87DC1:8EE8F1AA1344FFA6FEE9FCE6FB847B04" box="[381,1046,770,797]" country="Brazil" latitude="-8.191722" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-36.39778" municipality="Brejo da Madre de Deus" name="Reserva Particular do Patrimonio Natural Mata do Bituri" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" stateProvince="Pernambuco">Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Mata do Bituri</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C1B61344FFA6FBB6FCE4FB247B05" box="[1058,1206,769,797]" degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" precision="1" seconds="30.2" value="-8.191722">8°11′30.2ʺ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C1B61344FFA6FB56FCE4FAE07B05" box="[1218,1394,769,797]" degrees="36" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" precision="1" seconds="52.0" value="-36.39778">36°23′52.0ʺ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="FF8981B11344FFA6FF29FCC3FECF7B58" box="[189,349,806,832]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" value="2019-10-16">
<collectingDate id="EFCD78591344FFA6FF29FCC3FECF7B58" box="[189,349,806,832]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" value="2019-10-16">16 Oct. 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71344FFA6FEFFFCC3FDC87B58" box="[363,602,806,832]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">R. Fonseca-Ferreira</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71344FFA6FDF3FCC3FD677B58" box="[615,757,806,832]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">M. Morales</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71344FFA6FC97FCC3FC217B58" box="[771,947,806,832]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">N.E.V. Saraiva</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71344FFA6FC7AFCC3FB0E7B58" box="[1006,1180,806,832]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">A.C.S. Silvino</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A1344FFA6FB76FCC3FAF17B58" box="[1250,1379,806,832]" collectionCode="CAD" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">CAD 1104</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1344FFA6FF2BFCACFDF47B9E" collectingDate="2015-05-31" collectionCode="CHNUFPI" collectorName="L. S. Carvalho" country="Chad" county="Paraiba" latitude="-6.965389" location="Parque Estadual da Mata do Pau Ferro" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-35.75" municipality="Areia" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" specimenCode="CHNUFPI 2130" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D316CF81344FFA6FF2BFCACFF7F7B7B" box="[191,237,841,867]" count="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingCounty id="62E9DFFD1344FFA6FF6FFCACFEC47B7B" box="[251,342,841,867]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Paraíba</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEC3D0B1344FFA6FEF6FCACFE347B7B" box="[354,422,841,867]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Areia</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EE8F1AA1344FFA6FE27FCACFC117B7B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E16671346FFA6FDD8FA5EFEE87DC1:8EE8F1AA1344FFA6FE27FCACFC117B7B" box="[435,899,841,867]" country="Chad" county="Paraiba" latitude="-6.965389" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-35.75" municipality="Areia" name="Parque Estadual da Mata do Pau Ferro" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Parque Estadual da Mata do Pau Ferro</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C1B61344FFA6FC1BFCA2FBB47B7B" box="[911,1062,839,867]" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" precision="1" seconds="55.4" value="-6.965389">6°57′55.4ʺ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE03C1B61344FFA6FBA1FCA2FB537B7B" box="[1077,1217,839,867]" degrees="35" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-35.75">35°45′0ʺ W</geoCoordinate>
;
<date id="FF8981B11344FFA6FB5BFCACFAE07B7C" box="[1231,1394,841,868]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" value="2015-05-31">
<collectingDate id="EFCD78591344FFA6FB5BFCACFAE07B7C" box="[1231,1394,841,868]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" value="2015-05-31">31 May 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71344FFA6FF29FC89FEF37B9E" box="[189,353,876,902]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">L.S. Carvalho</collectorName>
col.;
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A1344FFA6FE37FC89FDF47B9E" box="[419,614,876,902]" collectionCode="CHNUFPI" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">CHNUFPI 2130</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711344FFA6FF29FC4BFE557BDF" blockId="18.[189,455,941,968]" box="[189,455,941,968]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
<heading id="D0C0101D1344FFA6FF29FC4BFE557BDF" bold="true" box="[189,455,941,968]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B9437B631344FFA6FF29FC4BFE557BDF" bold="true" box="[189,455,941,968]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Emended description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711344FFA6FF29FC39FB007BEE" blockId="18.[189,1170,988,1015]" box="[189,1170,988,1015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
See
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801344FFA6FF7BFC39FE677BEE" author="Fukushima" box="[239,501,988,1014]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fukushima" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" pagination="402 - 410" refId="ref15022" refString="Fukushima C. S., Nagahama R. H. &amp; Bertani R. 2008. The identity of Mygale brunnipes C. L. Koch 1842 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with a redescription of the species and the description of a new genus. Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 402 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / CA 07 - 108.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Fukushima
<emphasis id="B9437B631344FFA6FEECFC38FE217BEE" box="[376,435,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
for colors description, measurements and spination data.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711344FFA6FF7EFBFBFC097C20" blockId="18.[187,1401,1053,1326]" box="[234,923,1053,1080]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B9437B631344FFA6FF7EFBFBFEB87C20" bold="true" box="[234,298,1054,1080]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Male</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED263FB41344FFA6FEADFBFBFE157C20" box="[313,391,1054,1080]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
28774, same used by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801344FFA6FD1FFBF8FC017C20" author="Fukushima" box="[651,915,1053,1080]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fukushima" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" pagination="402 - 410" refId="ref15022" refString="Fukushima C. S., Nagahama R. H. &amp; Bertani R. 2008. The identity of Mygale brunnipes C. L. Koch 1842 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with a redescription of the species and the description of a new genus. Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 402 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / CA 07 - 108.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Fukushima
<emphasis id="B9437B631344FFA6FC81FBFBFCC27C2F" box="[789,848,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711344FFA6FF29FBA4FCBC7D36" blockId="18.[187,1401,1053,1326]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
Palpal bulb: elongated tegulum with PS and PI (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41344FFA6FD6AFBA4FC1B7C43" box="[766,905,1089,1115]" captionStart="Figs 91–102" captionStartId="25.[189,242,1693,1719]" captionTargetBox="[200,1386,324,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[189,1389,317,1629]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 91–102. Kochiana brunnipes (Koch, 1841). 91–100 ♂, MZSP 28774. 101–102. ♀, MZSP 28776. 91–94. Palpal bulb. 91. Retrolateral view. 92. Frontal view. 93. Prolateral view. 94. Embolous apex, detached view. 95–97. Palpal tibia. 95. Retrolateral view. 96. Ventral view. 97. Prolateral view. 98–100. Tibial apophysis. 98. Retrolateral view. 99. Ventral view. 100. Prolateral view. 101– 102. Spermathecae. 101. Ventral view. 102. Receptacle detached view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: AC =Accessory keel, MC =Median crest, PI =Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, PTK =Prolateral tegular keel. Palpal tibia: PP =Prolateral protuberance. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities, MD =Middle depression. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284825/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Figs 91–93</figureCitation>
); short and discrete PS; Presence of PTK above PS, in tegulum (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41344FFA6FE45FB81FDCF7C66" box="[465,605,1124,1150]" captionStart="Figs 91–102" captionStartId="25.[189,242,1693,1719]" captionTargetBox="[200,1386,324,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[189,1389,317,1629]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 91–102. Kochiana brunnipes (Koch, 1841). 91–100 ♂, MZSP 28774. 101–102. ♀, MZSP 28776. 91–94. Palpal bulb. 91. Retrolateral view. 92. Frontal view. 93. Prolateral view. 94. Embolous apex, detached view. 95–97. Palpal tibia. 95. Retrolateral view. 96. Ventral view. 97. Prolateral view. 98–100. Tibial apophysis. 98. Retrolateral view. 99. Ventral view. 100. Prolateral view. 101– 102. Spermathecae. 101. Ventral view. 102. Receptacle detached view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: AC =Accessory keel, MC =Median crest, PI =Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, PTK =Prolateral tegular keel. Palpal tibia: PP =Prolateral protuberance. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities, MD =Middle depression. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284825/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Figs 92–93</figureCitation>
); presence of (AC) between PI and PTK (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41344FFA6FBC1FB81FB737C66" box="[1109,1249,1124,1150]" captionStart="Figs 91–102" captionStartId="25.[189,242,1693,1719]" captionTargetBox="[200,1386,324,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[189,1389,317,1629]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 91–102. Kochiana brunnipes (Koch, 1841). 91–100 ♂, MZSP 28774. 101–102. ♀, MZSP 28776. 91–94. Palpal bulb. 91. Retrolateral view. 92. Frontal view. 93. Prolateral view. 94. Embolous apex, detached view. 95–97. Palpal tibia. 95. Retrolateral view. 96. Ventral view. 97. Prolateral view. 98–100. Tibial apophysis. 98. Retrolateral view. 99. Ventral view. 100. Prolateral view. 101– 102. Spermathecae. 101. Ventral view. 102. Receptacle detached view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: AC =Accessory keel, MC =Median crest, PI =Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, PTK =Prolateral tegular keel. Palpal tibia: PP =Prolateral protuberance. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities, MD =Middle depression. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284825/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Figs 92–93</figureCitation>
); retrolateral and apical keels absent (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41344FFA6FE4EFB62FDF07CB9" box="[474,610,1159,1185]" captionStart="Figs 91–102" captionStartId="25.[189,242,1693,1719]" captionTargetBox="[200,1386,324,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[189,1389,317,1629]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 91–102. Kochiana brunnipes (Koch, 1841). 91–100 ♂, MZSP 28774. 101–102. ♀, MZSP 28776. 91–94. Palpal bulb. 91. Retrolateral view. 92. Frontal view. 93. Prolateral view. 94. Embolous apex, detached view. 95–97. Palpal tibia. 95. Retrolateral view. 96. Ventral view. 97. Prolateral view. 98–100. Tibial apophysis. 98. Retrolateral view. 99. Ventral view. 100. Prolateral view. 101– 102. Spermathecae. 101. Ventral view. 102. Receptacle detached view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: AC =Accessory keel, MC =Median crest, PI =Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, PTK =Prolateral tegular keel. Palpal tibia: PP =Prolateral protuberance. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities, MD =Middle depression. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284825/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Figs 91, 93</figureCitation>
); long embolus, fully curved to the retrolateral direction and curved to ventral direction from half its length (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41344FFA6FD33FB4FFCA17CDC" box="[679,819,1194,1220]" captionStart="Figs 91–102" captionStartId="25.[189,242,1693,1719]" captionTargetBox="[200,1386,324,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[189,1389,317,1629]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 91–102. Kochiana brunnipes (Koch, 1841). 91–100 ♂, MZSP 28774. 101–102. ♀, MZSP 28776. 91–94. Palpal bulb. 91. Retrolateral view. 92. Frontal view. 93. Prolateral view. 94. Embolous apex, detached view. 95–97. Palpal tibia. 95. Retrolateral view. 96. Ventral view. 97. Prolateral view. 98–100. Tibial apophysis. 98. Retrolateral view. 99. Ventral view. 100. Prolateral view. 101– 102. Spermathecae. 101. Ventral view. 102. Receptacle detached view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: AC =Accessory keel, MC =Median crest, PI =Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, PTK =Prolateral tegular keel. Palpal tibia: PP =Prolateral protuberance. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities, MD =Middle depression. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284825/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Figs 91–92</figureCitation>
); presence of medial crest (MC) in the embolus apex. (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41344FFA6FE84FB28FEFE7CF0" box="[272,364,1229,1256]" captionStart="Figs 91–102" captionStartId="25.[189,242,1693,1719]" captionTargetBox="[200,1386,324,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[189,1389,317,1629]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 91–102. Kochiana brunnipes (Koch, 1841). 91–100 ♂, MZSP 28774. 101–102. ♀, MZSP 28776. 91–94. Palpal bulb. 91. Retrolateral view. 92. Frontal view. 93. Prolateral view. 94. Embolous apex, detached view. 95–97. Palpal tibia. 95. Retrolateral view. 96. Ventral view. 97. Prolateral view. 98–100. Tibial apophysis. 98. Retrolateral view. 99. Ventral view. 100. Prolateral view. 101– 102. Spermathecae. 101. Ventral view. 102. Receptacle detached view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: AC =Accessory keel, MC =Median crest, PI =Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, PTK =Prolateral tegular keel. Palpal tibia: PP =Prolateral protuberance. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities, MD =Middle depression. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284825/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
). Cymbium with two asymmetric lobes. Straight palpal tibia, with a small prolateral protuberance (PP) and small grooves in the contact region with the palpal bulb (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41344FFA6FBC6FB14FB487D14" box="[1106,1242,1265,1292]" captionStart="Figs 91–102" captionStartId="25.[189,242,1693,1719]" captionTargetBox="[200,1386,324,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[189,1389,317,1629]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 91–102. Kochiana brunnipes (Koch, 1841). 91–100 ♂, MZSP 28774. 101–102. ♀, MZSP 28776. 91–94. Palpal bulb. 91. Retrolateral view. 92. Frontal view. 93. Prolateral view. 94. Embolous apex, detached view. 95–97. Palpal tibia. 95. Retrolateral view. 96. Ventral view. 97. Prolateral view. 98–100. Tibial apophysis. 98. Retrolateral view. 99. Ventral view. 100. Prolateral view. 101– 102. Spermathecae. 101. Ventral view. 102. Receptacle detached view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: AC =Accessory keel, MC =Median crest, PI =Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, PTK =Prolateral tegular keel. Palpal tibia: PP =Prolateral protuberance. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities, MD =Middle depression. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284825/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Figs 95–97</figureCitation>
). Retrolateral branch of tibial apophysis entirely flattened (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41344FFA6FD5DFAF1FCB27D36" box="[713,800,1300,1326]" captionStart="Figs 91–102" captionStartId="25.[189,242,1693,1719]" captionTargetBox="[200,1386,324,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[189,1389,317,1629]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 91–102. Kochiana brunnipes (Koch, 1841). 91–100 ♂, MZSP 28774. 101–102. ♀, MZSP 28776. 91–94. Palpal bulb. 91. Retrolateral view. 92. Frontal view. 93. Prolateral view. 94. Embolous apex, detached view. 95–97. Palpal tibia. 95. Retrolateral view. 96. Ventral view. 97. Prolateral view. 98–100. Tibial apophysis. 98. Retrolateral view. 99. Ventral view. 100. Prolateral view. 101– 102. Spermathecae. 101. Ventral view. 102. Receptacle detached view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: AC =Accessory keel, MC =Median crest, PI =Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, PTK =Prolateral tegular keel. Palpal tibia: PP =Prolateral protuberance. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities, MD =Middle depression. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284825/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Fig. 99</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711344FFA6FF7EFAB0FC257D77" blockId="18.[187,1398,1365,1497]" box="[234,951,1365,1392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="B9437B631344FFA6FF7EFAB0FED77D77" bold="true" box="[234,325,1365,1391]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Female</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED263FB41344FFA6FEC1FAB0FE317D77" box="[341,419,1365,1391]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
28776, same used by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801344FFA6FD33FAB0FC3D7D77" author="Fukushima" box="[679,943,1365,1391]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fukushima" pageId="18" pageNumber="71" pagination="402 - 410" refId="ref15022" refString="Fukushima C. S., Nagahama R. H. &amp; Bertani R. 2008. The identity of Mygale brunnipes C. L. Koch 1842 (Araneae, Theraphosidae), with a redescription of the species and the description of a new genus. Journal of Arachnology 36 (2): 402 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / CA 07 - 108.1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Fukushima
<emphasis id="B9437B631344FFA6FCA5FAB3FCF97D77" box="[817,875,1365,1391]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711344FFA6FF29FA9DFEE87DC1" blockId="18.[187,1398,1365,1497]" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">
Spermathecae: projected in ventral direction, with two sclerotized rounded receptacles over a sclerotized base with a non-sclerotized middle depression. Presence of GC along the receptacles, ducts, and base (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41344FFA6FF53FA5AFEFF7DC1" box="[199,365,1471,1497]" captionStart="Figs 91–102" captionStartId="25.[189,242,1693,1719]" captionTargetBox="[200,1386,324,1609]" captionTargetId="figure-0@25.[189,1389,317,1629]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figs 91–102. Kochiana brunnipes (Koch, 1841). 91–100 ♂, MZSP 28774. 101–102. ♀, MZSP 28776. 91–94. Palpal bulb. 91. Retrolateral view. 92. Frontal view. 93. Prolateral view. 94. Embolous apex, detached view. 95–97. Palpal tibia. 95. Retrolateral view. 96. Ventral view. 97. Prolateral view. 98–100. Tibial apophysis. 98. Retrolateral view. 99. Ventral view. 100. Prolateral view. 101– 102. Spermathecae. 101. Ventral view. 102. Receptacle detached view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: AC =Accessory keel, MC =Median crest, PI =Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, PTK =Prolateral tegular keel. Palpal tibia: PP =Prolateral protuberance. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities, MD =Middle depression. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284825" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284825/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="71">Figs 101–102</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

120
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@ -1,62 +1,62 @@
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,
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,
<tableCitation id="C6B592CA1353FFB1FC09FEAAFC667971" box="[925,1012,335,361]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[189,257,265,291]" captionText="Table 1. Length of legs and palpal segments of the male holotype of Cyriocosmus paresi sp. nov. (CAD 1441)." pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Table 1</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="C6B592CA1353FFB1FC09FEAAFC667971" box="[925,1012,335,361]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[189,257,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 1. Length of legs and palpal segments of the male holotype of Cyriocosmus paresi sp. nov. (CAD 1441)." pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Table 1</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32DF4FA1353FFB2FF29FE75FE547B65" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ by the short paraembolic apophysis (PA), less than half of embolus length (
<emphasis id="B9437B631350FFB2FC88FD1FFC3A7B0C" box="[796,936,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">C. fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801350FFB2FC2DFD1CFB777B0B" author="Fukushima C. S. &amp; Bertani R. &amp; Da Silva P. I." box="[953,1253,761,788]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref14960" refString="Fukushima C. S., Bertani R. &amp; Da Silva P. I. 2005. Revision of Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903, with notes on the genus Hapalopus Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Zootaxa 846 (1): 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 846.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA801350FFB2FC2DFD1CFB777B0B" author="Fukushima" box="[953,1253,761,788]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fukushima" page="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref14960" refString="Fukushima C. S., Bertani R. &amp; Da Silva P. I. 2005. Revision of Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903, with notes on the genus Hapalopus Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Zootaxa 846 (1): 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 846.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">
Fukushima
<emphasis id="B9437B631350FFB2FBD0FD1FFB127B0B" box="[1092,1152,761,787]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
2005: 6
@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ Species of
. Labium and endites. Scale bars = 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="B9437B631350FFB2FF29FEECFE8C793B" bold="true" box="[189,286,265,291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Table 1.</emphasis>
Length of legs and palpal segments of the male holotype of
@ -314,21 +314,23 @@ The name is in honor of the Paresí indigenous people, originating from the nort
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711350FFB2FF29FB6FFAA67CBC" blockId="6.[189,1332,1126,1188]" box="[189,1332,1161,1188]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1350FFB2FF29FB6FFAA67CBC" box="[189,1332,1161,1188]" collectingDate="2017-10-23" collectorName="Campo Novo dos Parecis &amp; N. Porfirio" country="Brazil" location="Mato Grosso" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="holotype">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1350FFB2FF29FB6FFAA67CBC" box="[189,1332,1161,1188]" collectingDate="2017-10-23" collectionCode="CAD" collectorName="N. Porfirio" country="Brazil" location="Campo Novo dos Parecis" municipality="Campo Novo dos Parecis" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="CAD 1441" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F320E7E11350FFB2FF29FB6FFEB47CBC" box="[189,294,1162,1188]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D316CF81350FFB2FEABFB6FFECA7CBC" box="[319,344,1162,1188]" count="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="49F369931350FFB2FEF0FB6FFE6D7CBC" box="[356,511,1162,1188]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71350FFB2FD9FFB6FFCAA7CBB" box="[523,824,1161,1188]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Campo Novo dos Parecis</collectorName>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEC3D0B1350FFB2FD9FFB6FFCAA7CBB" box="[523,824,1161,1188]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Campo Novo dos Parecis</collectingMunicipality>
,
<date id="FF8981B11350FFB2FCD7FB6FFC4D7CBC" box="[835,991,1162,1188]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" value="2017-10-23">
<collectingDate id="EFCD78591350FFB2FCD7FB6FFC4D7CBC" box="[835,991,1162,1188]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" value="2017-10-23">23 Oct. 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26C2C2A71350FFB2FC7FFB6FFBF87CBB" box="[1003,1130,1161,1188]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">N. Porfírio</collectorName>
col.; CAD 1441.
col.;
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A1350FFB2FB38FB6FFAA27CBC" box="[1196,1328,1162,1188]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">CAD 1441</specimenCode>
.
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</paragraph>
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@ -337,15 +339,14 @@ col.; CAD 1441.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711350FFB2FF29FB1EFCC17D0D" blockId="6.[189,851,1275,1301]" box="[189,851,1275,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1350FFB2FF29FB1EFD2D7D0D" box="[189,703,1275,1301]" collectingDate="2017-10-23" collectorName="Campo Novo dos Parecis &amp; N. Porfirio" country="Brazil" location="Mato Grosso" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="paratype">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C1350FFB2FF29FB1EFCDD7D0D" box="[189,847,1275,1301]" collectingDate="2017-10-23" collectionCode="CAD" collectorName="N. Porfirio" country="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" specimenCode="CAD 1442" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="F320E7E11350FFB2FF29FB1EFEB47D0D" box="[189,294,1275,1301]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D316CF81350FFB2FEABFB1EFE167D0D" box="[319,388,1275,1301]" count="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
; same data as for holotype
; same data as for holotype;
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A1350FFB2FD58FB1EFCDD7D0D" box="[716,847,1275,1301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">CAD 1442</specimenCode>
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;
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1442.
.
</paragraph>
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@ -370,8 +371,9 @@ Color (in alcohol): carapace, lateral margins reddish-brown, dark oval central b
<typeStatus id="548C19D31350FFB2FF29F9DAFF657E41" box="[189,247,1599,1625]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Type</typeStatus>
III urticating setae only, with short barbs, on the central dorsum of the abdomen.. Total length: 11.42. Chelicerae basal segment: length 1.42. Carapace elongated: length 5.07, width 4.03. Abdomen: length 6.28. Clypeus absent. Eye tubercle slightly elevated, sub-rectangular: length 0.49, width 0.95. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Eyes sizes and interdistances: AME 0.19, ALE 0.24, PME 0.12, PLE 0.18, AME–AME 0.10, AME–ALE 0.06, ALE–ALE 0.62, PME–PME 0.44, PME–PLE 0.03, PLE–PLE 0.64, AME–PME 0.03, ALE–PLE 0.10. Thoracic fovea straight, narrow, deep: width 0.74. Chelicerae basal segment with 7 well-developed teeth on furrow promargin, with a group of ca 10 small teeth on proximal area of furrow. Intercheliceral tumescence absent. Maxillae with ca 100 cuspules, located on anterior inner corner.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711350FFB3FF29F87CFDE579A8" blockId="6.[189,1398,1945,2007]" lastBlockId="7.[186,1400,265,432]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
Labium subrectangular: length 0.63, width 1.05, with ca 38 cuspules. Sternum slightly round: length 2.58, width 2.36; with three pairs of oval sigilla separated by its diameter from the edge. Palp: palpal bulb with rectangular tegulum, pronounced PT (
<paragraph id="8B88A7711350FFB2FF29F87CFB597FCE" blockId="6.[189,1398,1945,2007]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Labium subrectangular: length 0.63, width 1.05, with ca 38 cuspules. Sternum slightly round: length 2.58, width 2.36; with three pairs of oval sigilla separated by its diameter from the edge.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711351FFB3FF29FEECFDE579A8" blockId="7.[186,1400,265,432]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
Palp: palpal bulb with rectangular tegulum, pronounced PT (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41351FFB3FCE4FEECFC64793B" box="[880,1014,265,291]" captionStart="Figs 43–52" captionStartId="21.[189,240,1801,1827]" captionTargetBox="[212,1384,372,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-1@21.[197,1397,354,1666]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 43–52. Cyriocosmus paresi sp. nov., holotype ♂, CAD 1441. 43–46. Palpal bulb. 43. Retrolateral view. 44. Dorsal view. 45. Prolateral view. 46. Prolateral detached view. 47–49. Palpal tibia. 47. Retrolateral view. 48.Ventral view. 49. Prolateral view. 50–52. Tibial apophysis. 50. Retrolateral view. 51. Ventral view. 52. Prolateral view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: E=Embolus, PA =Paraembolic apophysis, PS=Prolateral superior keel, PT=Prolateral tegular apophysis, V =Vertical area. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area=0.5 mm, detached area = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284817/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Figs 43–46</figureCitation>
); short PS, discreetly pronounced (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF41351FFB3FF57FEC9FEC2795F" box="[195,336,300,327]" captionStart="Figs 43–52" captionStartId="21.[189,240,1801,1827]" captionTargetBox="[212,1384,372,1663]" captionTargetId="figure-1@21.[197,1397,354,1666]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 43–52. Cyriocosmus paresi sp. nov., holotype ♂, CAD 1441. 43–46. Palpal bulb. 43. Retrolateral view. 44. Dorsal view. 45. Prolateral view. 46. Prolateral detached view. 47–49. Palpal tibia. 47. Retrolateral view. 48.Ventral view. 49. Prolateral view. 50–52. Tibial apophysis. 50. Retrolateral view. 51. Ventral view. 52. Prolateral view. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: E=Embolus, PA =Paraembolic apophysis, PS=Prolateral superior keel, PT=Prolateral tegular apophysis, V =Vertical area. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area=0.5 mm, detached area = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284817/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Figs 43, 45</figureCitation>
@ -398,7 +400,7 @@ Tibial apophysis: prolatero-ventral spur with two branches of different sizes (
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711351FFB3FF29FD67FB717B1E" blockId="7.[189,1399,642,774]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">
Superior tarsal claws without teeth. Tarsal scopulae: I-II entire with longitudinal band of conical setae; III-IV divided by longitudinal band of conical setae. Metatarsal scopulae dense, extension: I and II on distal 3/4; III and IV on less than half. Clavate tarsal trichobothria in two rows, each with ca 7 trichae, interspersed with ca 9 filiform trichobothria of different sizes. Leg formula 4123 (
<tableCitation id="C6B592CA1351FFB3FBEEFD09FB407B1E" box="[1146,1234,748,774]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[189,257,265,291]" captionText="Table 1. Length of legs and palpal segments of the male holotype of Cyriocosmus paresi sp. nov. (CAD 1441)." pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Table 1</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="C6B592CA1351FFB3FBEEFD09FB407B1E" box="[1146,1234,748,774]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[189,257,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 1. Length of legs and palpal segments of the male holotype of Cyriocosmus paresi sp. nov. (CAD 1441)." pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711351FFB3FF29FCC8FB197BCC" blockId="7.[188,1400,813,981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="60">Spination (proximal to distal): cymbium and tarsi without spines. Palp: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (r) 0. Leg I: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (v) 1-2-ap2; metatarsus (v) 1-0-ap1, (p) 1. Leg II: femur (p) 1; patella 0; tibia (v) 1-2-ap2, (p) 1; metatarsus (v) 1-1-ap1, (p) 1. Leg III: femur (r) 1; patella 0; tibia (v) 1-1-ap2, (p) 1-1-0, (r) 0-2-ap1; metatarsus (v) 1-1-2, (p) 0-1-1, (r) 1-1-1. Leg IV: femur (p) 1, (r) 1; patela 0; tibia (v) 1-1-ap2, (p) 1-1-0, (r) 1-2-0; metatarsus (d) 1, (v) 1-1-ap2, (p) 1-1-ap2, (r) 1-2-ap3.</paragraph>

116
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@ -1,62 +1,62 @@
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;
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@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ taxonomy and conservation.
</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C135BFFB9FF29F8E0FC607F5A" collectingDate="2022-04-30" collectorName="M. D. F. Magalhaes &amp; P. H. Martins &amp; Gonzalez-Filho H. M. O" country="Brazil" location="Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana" municipality="Areia Branca" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sergipe" typeStatus="holotype">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C135BFFB9FF29F8E0FC607F5A" collectingDate="2022-04-30" collectionCode="CAD" collectorName="M. D. F. Magalhaes &amp; P. H. Martins &amp; Gonzalez-Filho H. M. O" country="Brazil" location="Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana" municipality="Areia Branca" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="CAD 1444" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sergipe" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F320E7E1135BFFB9FF29F8E0FEB47F07" box="[189,294,1797,1823]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D316CF8135BFFB9FED8F8E3FEF77F38" box="[332,357,1798,1824]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
@ -171,7 +171,9 @@ taxonomy and conservation.
<collectorName id="26C2C2A7135BFFB9FEDFF8CCFE4C7F5A" box="[331,478,1832,1859]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">P.H. Martins</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26C2C2A7135BFFB9FD83F8CDFCBB7F5A" box="[535,809,1832,1858]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">Gonzalez-Filho H.M.O</collectorName>
col.; CAD 1444.
col.;
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A135BFFB9FCFEF8CDFC7F7F5A" box="[874,1005,1832,1858]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">CAD 1444</specimenCode>
.
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@ -180,15 +182,14 @@ col.; CAD 1444.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A771135BFFB9FF29F87FFCAF7FAC" blockId="13.[189,829,1945,1972]" box="[189,829,1945,1972]" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C135BFFB9FF29F87FFD3B7FAC" box="[189,681,1946,1972]" collectingDate="2022-04-30" collectorName="M. D. F. Magalhaes &amp; P. H. Martins &amp; Gonzalez-Filho H. M. O" country="Brazil" location="Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana" municipality="Areia Branca" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sergipe" typeStatus="paratype">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C135BFFB9FF29F87FFCAB7FAC" box="[189,825,1945,1972]" collectingDate="2022-04-30" collectionCode="CAD" collectorName="M. D. F. Magalhaes &amp; P. H. Martins &amp; Gonzalez-Filho H. M. O" country="Brazil" location="BRAZIL" municipality="Areia Branca" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" specimenCode="CAD 1445" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sergipe" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="F320E7E1135BFFB9FF29F87FFEB47FAC" box="[189,294,1946,1972]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D316CF8135BFFB9FEABF87FFEFE7FAC" box="[319,364,1946,1972]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="66" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; same data as for holotype
; same data as for holotype;
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;
<collectingCountry id="F320E7E1135BFFB9FD22F87FFD667FAC" box="[694,756,1946,1972]" name="Chad" pageId="13" pageNumber="66">CAD</collectingCountry>
1445.
.
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@ -214,7 +215,7 @@ col.; CAD 1444.
5 mm.
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<emphasis id="B9437B631359FFBBFF29FEECFEB7793B" bold="true" box="[189,293,265,291]" pageId="15" pageNumber="68">Table 4.</emphasis>
Length of legs and palpal segments of
@ -347,11 +348,10 @@ Tibial apophysis: with two straight branches of different sizes (
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Superior tarsal claws with four small teeth on the midline. Tarsal scopulae: I-II entire; III entire with longitudinal band of conical setae; IV divided by longitudinal band of conical setae. Metatarsal scopulae dense, extension: I and II more than distal half; III on distal half; IV on distal 1/3, divided by longitudinal band of conical setae. Clavate tarsal trichobothria in two rows, each with ca 10 trichae, interspersed with ca 13 filiform trichobothria of different sizes. Leg formula 4123 (
<tableCitation id="C6B592CA1359FFBBFC23F8DCFB867F4B" box="[951,1044,1849,1875]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="15.[189,259,265,291]" captionText="Table 4. Length of legs and palpal segments of Kochiana fukushimae sp. nov. holotype male and paratype female (CAD 1444–1445)." pageId="15" pageNumber="68">Table 4</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="C6B592CA1359FFBBFC23F8DCFB867F4B" box="[951,1044,1849,1875]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="15.[189,259,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Table 4. Length of legs and palpal segments of Kochiana fukushimae sp. nov. holotype male and paratype female (CAD 1444–1445)." pageId="15" pageNumber="68">Table 4</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711359FFBBFF29F89EFAE47FC3" blockId="15.[189,1399,1915,2012]" pageId="15" pageNumber="68">Spination (proximal to distal): Cymbium and tarsi without spines. Palp: femur (p) 1; patella 0; tibia (p) 2. Leg I: femur (p) 1; patella 0; tibia (v) 2-1-1, (p) 1-1-0; metatarsus (v) ap1; Leg II: femur (p) 1; patella 0; tibia (v) 3-3-ap3; metatarsus (v) 2-ap1. Leg III: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (v) 2-1-ap2, (p) 1, (r), 1-0-1;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711346FFA4FF29FEECFD4D795E" blockId="16.[189,1398,265,327]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">metatarsus (v) 1-2-ap3, (p) 1, (r), 2-1-1; Leg IV: femur 0; patela 0; tibia (v) 1-ap3, (p) 1-1-2, (r), 1-1-2; metatarsus (v) 2-2-2+ap3, (p) 2-3-2, (r), 1-2-2.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711359FFA4FF29F89EFD4D795E" blockId="15.[189,1399,1915,2012]" lastBlockId="16.[189,1398,265,327]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="15" pageNumber="68">Spination (proximal to distal): Cymbium and tarsi without spines. Palp: femur (p) 1; patella 0; tibia (p) 2. Leg I: femur (p) 1; patella 0; tibia (v) 2-1-1, (p) 1-1-0; metatarsus (v) ap1; Leg II: femur (p) 1; patella 0; tibia (v) 3-3-ap3; metatarsus (v) 2-ap1. Leg III: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (v) 2-1-ap2, (p) 1, (r), 1-0-1; metatarsus (v) 1-2-ap3, (p) 1, (r), 2-1-1; Leg IV: femur 0; patela 0; tibia (v) 1-ap3, (p) 1-1-2, (r), 1-1-2; metatarsus (v) 2-2-2+ap3, (p) 2-3-2, (r), 1-2-2.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711346FFA4FF7EFE8BFDDC7990" blockId="16.[189,1399,365,814]" box="[234,590,365,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis id="B9437B631346FFA4FF7EFE8BFED77990" bold="true" box="[234,325,366,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Female</emphasis>
(
@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ Spermathecae: not projected in ventral direction, with two sclerotized rounded r
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Superior tarsal claws with four small teeth on the midline. Tarsal scopulae: I-II entire; III entire with longitudinal band of conical setae; IV divided by longitudinal band of conical setae. Metatarsal scopulae dense, extension: I entire; II more than a distal half; III on distal half; IV on distal 1/3, divided by longitudinal band of conical setae. Clavate tarsal trichobothria in two rows, each with ca 10 trichae, interspersed with ca 13 filiform trichobothria of different sizes. Leg formula 4123 (
<tableCitation id="C6B592CA1346FFA4FF52FB68FEB67CBF" box="[198,292,1165,1191]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="12.[189,256,265,291]" captionText="Table 3. Length of legs and palpal segments of holotype male of Hapalopus guidonae sp. nov. (CAD 1443)." pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Table 3</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="C6B592CA1346FFA4FF52FB68FEB67CBF" box="[198,292,1165,1191]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="12.[189,256,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Table 3. Length of legs and palpal segments of holotype male of Hapalopus guidonae sp. nov. (CAD 1443)." pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Table 3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A7711346FFA4FF29FB2AFBB07D6E" blockId="16.[189,1399,1231,1398]" pageId="16" pageNumber="69">Spination (proximal to distal): cymbium and tarsi without spines. Palp: femur (p) 1; patella 0; tibia (v) ap3, (p) 1. Leg I: femur (p) 1; patella 0; tibia (v) 1-1-1, (p) 1; metatarsus (v) ap1. Leg II: femur (p) 1, patella 0; tibia (v) 2-1-ap3; metatarsus (v) 2-ap1. Leg III: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (v) 1-1-ap2, (p) 1, (r), 0-1-1; metatarsus (v) 0-2-ap2, (p) 1, (r), 2-0-1. Leg IV: femur 0; patela 0; tibia (v) 1-ap2, (p) 1-0-2, (r), 0-1-2; metatarsus (d) 0, (v) 2-2-ap2, (p) 1-3-2, (r), 1-3-2.</paragraph>

147
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<figureCitation id="130CBBF4135DFFBFFCFFFC55FC0B7BD2" box="[875,921,944,970]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[190,233,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[202,1387,1186,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-401@28.[195,1395,1179,1854]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 119. Hapalopini species distribution. Pink squares=Cyriocosmus paresi sp. nov. Green hexagon =Hapalopus akroa sp. nov. Yellow hexagon =H. guidonae sp. nov. Red circles=Kochiana fukushimae sp. nov. Orange circles=K. brunnipes (Koch, 1841). Blue triangles =Munduruku bicoloratum Miglio, Bonaldo &amp; Pérez-Miles, 2013." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284833" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284833/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">119</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6B592CA135DFFBFFC30FC55FC697BD2" box="[932,1019,944,970]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="12.[189,256,265,291]" captionText="Table 3. Length of legs and palpal segments of holotype male of Hapalopus guidonae sp. nov. (CAD 1443)." pageId="11" pageNumber="64">Table 3</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="C6B592CA135DFFBFFC30FC55FC697BD2" box="[932,1019,944,970]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="12.[189,256,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Table 3. Length of legs and palpal segments of holotype male of Hapalopus guidonae sp. nov. (CAD 1443)." pageId="11" pageNumber="64">Table 3</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32DF4FA135DFFBFFF29FC14FC5A7D82" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" type="diagnosis">
@ -113,13 +113,13 @@ can be characterized by the bright orange color on carapace and legs, the abdome
<emphasis id="B9437B63135DFFBFFF68FB6FFEEF7CBC" box="[252,381,1162,1188]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">H. lesleyae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of PA (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135DFFBFFD15FB6FFC277CBC" author="Fukushima C. S. &amp; Bertani R. &amp; Da Silva P. I." box="[641,949,1161,1188]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref14960" refString="Fukushima C. S., Bertani R. &amp; Da Silva P. I. 2005. Revision of Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903, with notes on the genus Hapalopus Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Zootaxa 846 (1): 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 846.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135DFFBFFD15FB6FFC277CBC" author="Fukushima" box="[641,949,1161,1188]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fukushima" page="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref14960" refString="Fukushima C. S., Bertani R. &amp; Da Silva P. I. 2005. Revision of Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903, with notes on the genus Hapalopus Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Zootaxa 846 (1): 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 846.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">
Fukushima
<emphasis id="B9437B63135DFFBFFC9FFB6FFCD47CBC" box="[779,838,1162,1188]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
2005: 20
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 51;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135DFFBFFB8CFB6FFB4C7CBC" author="Gabriel R." box="[1048,1246,1162,1188]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" pagination="76 - 80" refId="ref15095" refString="Gabriel R. 2011. A new species of Hapalopus Ausserer, 1875 from Guyana (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Journal of the British Tarantula Society 26: 76 - 80." type="journal article" year="2011">Gabriel 2011: 78</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135DFFBFFB8CFB6FFB4C7CBC" author="Gabriel" box="[1048,1246,1162,1188]" firstAuthor="Gabriel" page="78" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" pagination="76 - 80" refId="ref15095" refString="Gabriel R. 2011. A new species of Hapalopus Ausserer, 1875 from Guyana (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Journal of the British Tarantula Society 26: 76 - 80." type="journal article" year="2011">Gabriel 2011: 78</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 6). They Differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF2135DFFBFFECCFB4BFE457CDF" authorityName="Perdomo, Panzera &amp; Perez-Miles" authorityYear="2009" box="[344,471,1198,1223]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aymara">
<emphasis id="B9437B63135DFFBFFECCFB4BFE457CDF" box="[344,471,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">H. aymara</emphasis>
@ -128,9 +128,13 @@ by the presence of PS, a pronounced VP and by the abdominal striped pattern (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF4135DFFBFFF52FB35FE867CF2" box="[198,276,1232,1258]" captionStart="Figs 1–10" captionStartId="5.[189,242,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[197,1391,610,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-71@5.[189,1398,606,1846]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 1–10. Species of Hapalopini. 1–4, 9. Cyriocosmus paresi sp. nov., holotype ♂, CAD 1441. 5–8, 10. Hapalopus guidonae sp. nov., holotype ♂, CAD 1443. 1, 5. Prosome, dorsal view.2, 6. Opisthosoma, dorsal view. 3, 7. Opisthosoma, ventral view. 4, 8. Prosome, ventral view. 9–10. Labium and endites. Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284799/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">Figs 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130CBBF4135DFFBFFEB7FB35FEC37CF2" box="[291,337,1232,1258]" captionStart="Figs 115–118" captionStartId="27.[189,242,1880,1906]" captionTargetBox="[202,1387,1028,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-294@27.[195,1395,1020,1831]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figs 115–118. Species of Hapalopini. 115. Cyriocosmus paresi sp. nov., holotype ♂, CAD 1441. 116. Hapalopus guidonae sp. nov., holotype ♂, CAD 1443. 117–118. Kochiana fukushimae sp. nov. 117. Holotype ♂, CAD 1444. 118. Paratype ♀, CAD 1445. Scale bars=10 mm. Photos:115. E.H.Yabiku. 116–118. W. Moeller." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284831/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">116</figureCitation>
; Perdomo
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135DFFBFFECBFB35FD197CF3" author="Perdomo C. &amp; Panzera A. &amp; Perez-Miles F." box="[351,651,1232,1259]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" pagination="53 - 55" refId="ref16603" refString="Perdomo C., Panzera A. &amp; Perez-Miles F. 2009. Hapalopus aymara a new species of tarantula from Bolivia (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae). Iheringia. Serie Zoologia 99 (1): 53 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212009000100007" type="journal article" year="2009">
Perdomo
<emphasis id="B9437B63135DFFBFFE47FB34FD9C7CF2" box="[467,526,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009: 54; figs 1–6). They Differs from
, 2009: 54
</bibRefCitation>
; figs 1–6). They Differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF2135DFFBFFC61FB34FB3B7CF2" authorityName="Fonseca-Ferreira, Zampaulo &amp; Guadanucci" authorityYear="2017" box="[1013,1193,1232,1258]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrapelada">
<emphasis id="B9437B63135DFFBFFC61FB34FB3B7CF2" box="[1013,1193,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">H. serrapelada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
@ -139,9 +143,9 @@ and
<emphasis id="B9437B63135DFFBFFB73FB34FAEB7CF2" box="[1255,1401,1232,1258]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">H. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of retrolateral keel (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135DFFBFFDF4FB16FC6B7D15" author="Gerschman P. B. S. &amp; Schiapelli R. D." box="[608,1017,1267,1293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" pagination="43 - 77" refId="ref15384" refString="Gerschman P. B. S. &amp; Schiapelli R. D. 1973. La subfamilia Ischnocolinae (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Revista del Museo argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia 4: 43 - 77." type="journal article" year="1973">Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli 1973: 71</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135DFFBFFDF4FB16FC6B7D15" author="Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli" box="[608,1017,1267,1293]" firstAuthor="Gerschman" page="71" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" pagination="43 - 77" refId="ref15384" refString="Gerschman P. B. S. &amp; Schiapelli R. D. 1973. La subfamilia Ischnocolinae (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Revista del Museo argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia 4: 43 - 77." type="journal article" year="1973">Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli 1973: 71</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 79;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135DFFBFFBF0FB16FEA77D28" author="Fonseca-Ferreira R. &amp; de Almeida Zampaulo R. &amp; Guadanucci J. P. L." pageId="11" pageNumber="64" pagination="178 - 199" refId="ref14899" refString="Fonseca-Ferreira R., de Almeida Zampaulo R. &amp; Guadanucci J. P. L. 2017. Diversity of iron cavedwelling mygalomorph spiders from Para, Brazil, with description of three new species (Araneae). Tropical Zoology 30 (4): 178 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.2017.1367590" type="journal article" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135DFFBFFBF0FB16FEA77D28" author="Fonseca-Ferreira" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fonseca-Ferreira" page="186" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" pagination="178 - 199" refId="ref14899" refString="Fonseca-Ferreira R., de Almeida Zampaulo R. &amp; Guadanucci J. P. L. 2017. Diversity of iron cavedwelling mygalomorph spiders from Para, Brazil, with description of three new species (Araneae). Tropical Zoology 30 (4): 178 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.2017.1367590" type="journal article" year="2017">
Fonseca-Ferreira
<emphasis id="B9437B63135DFFBFFAA7FB11FAFD7D15" box="[1331,1391,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017: 186
@ -182,7 +186,7 @@ by the shorter embolus which has the distance between the distal portion of TK a
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A771135DFFBFFF29F942FF6D7EFC" blockId="11.[189,1398,1667,1764]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C135DFFBFFF29F942FF6D7EFC" collectingDate="2017-10-23" collectorName="R. Fonseca-Ferreira" country="Brazil" location="Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Piaui" typeStatus="holotype">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C135DFFBFFF29F942FF6D7EFC" collectingDate="2017-10-23" collectionCode="CAD" collectorName="R. Fonseca-Ferreira" country="Brazil" location="Parque Nacional Serra da Capivara" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" specimenCode="CAD 1443" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Piaui" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F320E7E1135DFFBFFF29F942FEB47ED9" box="[189,294,1703,1729]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D316CF8135DFFBFFED4F942FECB7ED9" box="[320,345,1703,1729]" count="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
@ -196,7 +200,9 @@ by the shorter embolus which has the distance between the distal portion of TK a
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26C2C2A7135DFFBFFB9FF942FB677ED8" box="[1035,1269,1702,1729]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">R. Fonseca-Ferreira</collectorName>
col.; CAD 1443.
col.;
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A135DFFBFFAACF942FF697EFC" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">CAD 1443</specimenCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A771135DFFBFFF7EF8EEFEF57F3D" blockId="11.[189,1399,1803,1970]" box="[234,359,1803,1829]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">
@ -207,17 +213,14 @@ col.; CAD 1443.
<paragraph id="8B88A771135DFFBFFF29F8CBFDCE7FAA" blockId="11.[189,1399,1803,1970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">
<collectingCountry id="F320E7E1135DFFBFFF29F8CBFEB47F50" box="[189,294,1838,1864]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C135DFFBFFED5F8CBFC177F73" collectingDate="2023-07-23" collectorName="de Babagacu &amp; A. Galleti-Lima &amp; R. P. Indicatti &amp; L. Carvalho &amp; J. P. L. Guadanucci" country="Chad" location="Manga" municipality="Mata de Babagacu" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Maranhao" typeStatus="paratype">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C135DFFBFFED5F8CBFCA87F73" collectingDate="2023-07-23" collectionCode="CAD" collectorName="A. Galleti-Lima &amp; R. P. Indicatti &amp; L. Carvalho &amp; J. P. L. Guadanucci" country="Brazil" location="Mata de Babagacu" municipality="Manga" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" specimenCode="CAD 1446" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Maranhao" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D316CF8135DFFBFFED5F8CBFE157F51" box="[321,391,1838,1865]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="49F36993135DFFBFFE00F8CBFD9C7F50" box="[404,526,1838,1864]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">Maranhão</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EE8F1AA135DFFBFFD8FF8CAFDFD7F51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E1667135DFFB8FDFFFC8CFAE17FF0:8EE8F1AA135DFFBFFD8FF8CAFDFD7F51" box="[539,623,1839,1865]" country="Chad" municipality="Mata de Babagacu" name="Manga" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" stateProvince="Maranhao">Manga</location>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEC3D0B135DFFBFFD8FF8CAFDFD7F51" box="[539,623,1839,1865]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">Manga</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEC3D0B135DFFBFFDE8F8CAFCCE7F50" box="[636,860,1838,1865]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">
Mata
<collectorName id="26C2C2A7135DFFBFFD55F8CBFCCE7F50" box="[705,860,1838,1864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">de Babagaçu</collectorName>
</collectingMunicipality>
<location id="8EE8F1AA135DFFBFFDE8F8CAFCCE7F50" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E1667135DFFB8FDFFFC8CFAE17FF0:8EE8F1AA135DFFBFFDE8F8CAFCCE7F50" box="[636,860,1838,1865]" country="Chad" municipality="Manga" name="Mata de Babagacu" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" stateProvince="Maranhao">Mata de Babagaçu</location>
,
<date id="FF8981B1135DFFBFFCFCF8CBFC6C7F50" box="[872,1022,1838,1864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" value="2023-07-23">
<collectingDate id="EFCD7859135DFFBFFCFCF8CBFC6C7F50" box="[872,1022,1838,1864]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" value="2023-07-23">23 Jul. 2023</collectingDate>
@ -231,18 +234,20 @@ Mata
and
<collectorName id="26C2C2A7135DFFBFFE04F8B7FDFB7F73" box="[400,617,1873,1900]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">J.P.L. Guadanucci</collectorName>
col.;
<collectingCountry id="F320E7E1135DFFBFFD20F8B7FD607F74" box="[692,754,1874,1900]" name="Chad" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">CAD</collectingCountry>
1446–1447
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A135DFFBFFD20F8B7FC177F73" box="[692,901,1873,1900]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">
CAD 1446
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C135DFFBFFCAEF8B4FC177F73" box="[826,901,1873,1899]" collectingDate="2023-07-23" collectionCode="CAD" collectorName="A. Galleti-Lima &amp; R. P. Indicatti &amp; L. Carvalho &amp; J. P. L. Guadanucci" country="Brazil" location="Mata de Babagacu" municipality="Manga" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" specimenCode="CAD 1447" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Maranhao" typeStatus="paratype">–1447</materialsCitation>
</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
. •
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C135DFFBFFC38F8B7FDCA7FAA" collectingDate="2023-07-24" collectorName="Sao Raimundo das Mangabeiras &amp; A. Galleti-Lima &amp; R. P. Indicatti &amp; B. Gambare &amp; J. P. L. Guadanucci" country="Chad" location="Maranhao" municipality="Campo Mamao" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C135DFFBFFC38F8B7FD9E7FAA" collectingDate="2023-07-24" collectionCode="CAD" collectorName="A. Galleti-Lima &amp; R. P. Indicatti &amp; B. Gambare &amp; J. P. L. Guadanucci" country="Brazil" location="Campo Mamao" municipality="Sao Raimundo das Mangabeiras" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" specimenCode="CAD 1448" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Maranhao" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D316CF8135DFFBFFC38F8B7FC647F74" box="[940,1014,1874,1900]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
;
<location id="8EE8F1AA135DFFBFFB93F8B4FB137F73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E1667135DFFB8FDFFFC8CFAE17FF0:8EE8F1AA135DFFBFFB93F8B4FB137F73" box="[1031,1153,1873,1899]" country="Chad" municipality="Campo Mamao" name="Maranhao" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">Maranhão</location>
<collectingRegion id="49F36993135DFFBFFB93F8B4FB137F73" box="[1031,1153,1873,1899]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">Maranhão</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="26C2C2A7135DFFBFFB05F8B7FECA7F97" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">São Raimundo das Mangabeiras</collectorName>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEC3D0B135DFFBFFB05F8B7FECA7F97" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">São Raimundo das Mangabeiras</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEC3D0B135DFFBFFEF3F890FDB77F97" box="[359,549,1909,1935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">Campo Mamão</collectingMunicipality>
<location id="8EE8F1AA135DFFBFFEF3F890FDB77F97" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E1667135DFFB8FDFFFC8CFAE17FF0:8EE8F1AA135DFFBFFEF3F890FDB77F97" box="[359,549,1909,1935]" country="Chad" municipality="Sao Raimundo das Mangabeiras" name="Campo Mamao" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" stateProvince="Maranhao">Campo Mamão</location>
,
<date id="FF8981B1135DFFBFFDA1F890FD437F97" box="[565,721,1909,1935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" value="2023-07-24">
<collectingDate id="EFCD7859135DFFBFFDA1F890FD437F97" box="[565,721,1909,1935]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" value="2023-07-24">24 Jul. 2023</collectingDate>
@ -256,13 +261,15 @@ col.;
and
<collectorName id="26C2C2A7135DFFBFFAA2F890FEDB7FAA" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">J.P.L. Guadanucci</collectorName>
col.;
<collectingCountry id="F320E7E1135DFFBFFE1FF87DFE5B7FAA" box="[395,457,1944,1970]" name="Chad" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">CAD</collectingCountry>
1448–1449
<accessionNumber id="94643A92135DFFBFFE1FF87DFDCA7FAA" box="[395,600,1944,1970]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">
CAD 1448
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C135DFFBFFD98F87DFDCA7FAA" box="[524,600,1944,1970]" collectingDate="2023-07-24" collectionCode="CAD " collectorName="A. Galleti-Lima &amp; R. P. Indicatti &amp; B. Gambare &amp; J. P. L. Guadanucci" country="Brazil" location="Campo Mamao" municipality="Sao Raimundo das Mangabeiras" pageId="11" pageNumber="64" specimenCode="CAD 1449" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Maranhao" typeStatus="paratype">–1449</materialsCitation>
</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF48F7F9135AFFB8FF29FEECFAEA793B" box="[189,1400,265,292]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" startId="12.[189,256,265,291]">
<caption id="DF48F7F9135AFFB8FF29FEECFAEA793B" box="[189,1400,265,292]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65" startId="12.[189,256,265,291]" targetBox="[201,1269,335,597]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8B88A771135AFFB8FF29FEECFAEA793B" blockId="12.[189,1400,265,292]" box="[189,1400,265,292]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B9437B63135AFFB8FF29FEECFE89793B" bold="true" box="[189,283,265,291]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">Table 3.</emphasis>
Length of legs and palpal segments of holotype male of
@ -391,7 +398,7 @@ Tibial apophysis: composed of two converging branches fused at base (
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A771135AFFB8FF29F9B9FE477F15" blockId="12.[189,1399,1628,1805]" pageId="12" pageNumber="65">
Superior tarsal claws with three small teeth on the midline. Tarsal scopulae: I-II entire with longitudinal band of conical setae; III-IV divided by longitudinal band of conical setae. Metatarsal scopulae not dense, extension: I and II on distal 1/3; III and IV on less than distal 1/3. Clavate tarsal trichobothria in two rows, each with ca 8 trichae, interspersed with ca 10 filiform trichobothria of different sizes. Leg formula 4123 (
<tableCitation id="C6B592CA135AFFB8FEFFF916FE577F15" box="[363,453,1779,1805]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="12.[189,256,265,291]" captionText="Table 3. Length of legs and palpal segments of holotype male of Hapalopus guidonae sp. nov. (CAD 1443)." pageId="12" pageNumber="65">Table 3</tableCitation>
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).
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144
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,
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<emphasis id="B9437B63135EFFBCFBC5FD52FB5F7AC9" box="[1105,1229,695,721]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">H. lesleyae</emphasis>
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by the absence of PA (
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Fukushima
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2005: 20
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, fig. 51;
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, fig. 6). They differ from
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF2135EFFBCFB33FD3EFAB67AEC" authorityName="Perdomo, Panzera &amp; Perez-Miles" authorityYear="2009" box="[1191,1316,731,756]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aymara">
<emphasis id="B9437B63135EFFBCFB33FD3EFAB67AEC" box="[1191,1316,731,756]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">H. aymara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of PS, pronunciated VP and the abdominal pattern (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF4135EFFBCFCC9FD18FC3D7B0F" box="[861,943,765,791]" captionStart="Figs 11–18" captionStartId="10.[189,242,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,329,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-50@10.[189,1398,323,1845]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs 11–18. Hapalopus akroa sp. nov. 11–13, 17. Holotype ♂, IBSP 272763. 14–16, 18. Paratype ♀, IBSP 272771. 11, 14. Prosome, dorsal view. 12, 15. Opisthosoma, dorsal view. 13, 16. Prosome, ventral view. 17, 18. Labium and endites. Scale bars=5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284801/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
; Perdomo
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFC2EFD18FB557B00" author="Perdomo C. &amp; Panzera A. &amp; Perez-Miles F." box="[954,1223,765,792]" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="53 - 55" refId="ref16603" refString="Perdomo C., Panzera A. &amp; Perez-Miles F. 2009. Hapalopus aymara a new species of tarantula from Bolivia (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae). Iheringia. Serie Zoologia 99 (1): 53 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212009000100007" type="journal article" year="2009">
Perdomo
<emphasis id="B9437B63135EFFBCFBB0FD1BFBC97B0F" box="[1060,1115,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
2009: 54, figs 1–6), from
2009: 54
</bibRefCitation>
, figs 1–6), from
<taxonomicName id="4C37DCF2135EFFBCFF28FCC4FEFB7B22" authorityName="Fonseca-Ferreira, Zampaulo &amp; Guadanucci" authorityYear="2017" box="[188,361,800,826]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serrapelada">
<emphasis id="B9437B63135EFFBCFF28FCC4FEFB7B22" box="[188,361,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">H. serrapelada</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
@ -135,9 +139,9 @@ and
<emphasis id="B9437B63135EFFBCFE33FCC4FDA07B22" box="[423,562,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">H. formosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of a retrolateral keel (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFC72FCC5FAE07B22" author="Gerschman P. B. S. &amp; Schiapelli R. D." box="[998,1394,800,826]" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="43 - 77" refId="ref15384" refString="Gerschman P. B. S. &amp; Schiapelli R. D. 1973. La subfamilia Ischnocolinae (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Revista del Museo argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia 4: 43 - 77." type="journal article" year="1973">Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli 1973: 71</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFC72FCC5FAE07B22" author="Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli" box="[998,1394,800,826]" firstAuthor="Gerschman" page="71" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="43 - 77" refId="ref15384" refString="Gerschman P. B. S. &amp; Schiapelli R. D. 1973. La subfamilia Ischnocolinae (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Revista del Museo argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia 4: 43 - 77." type="journal article" year="1973">Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli 1973: 71</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 79;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFE8CFCA6FD0B7B45" author="Fonseca-Ferreira R. &amp; de Almeida Zampaulo R. &amp; Guadanucci J. P. L." box="[280,665,835,862]" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="178 - 199" refId="ref14899" refString="Fonseca-Ferreira R., de Almeida Zampaulo R. &amp; Guadanucci J. P. L. 2017. Diversity of iron cavedwelling mygalomorph spiders from Para, Brazil, with description of three new species (Araneae). Tropical Zoology 30 (4): 178 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.2017.1367590" type="journal article" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFE8CFCA6FD0B7B45" author="Fonseca-Ferreira" box="[280,665,835,862]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fonseca-Ferreira" page="186" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="178 - 199" refId="ref14899" refString="Fonseca-Ferreira R., de Almeida Zampaulo R. &amp; Guadanucci J. P. L. 2017. Diversity of iron cavedwelling mygalomorph spiders from Para, Brazil, with description of three new species (Araneae). Tropical Zoology 30 (4): 178 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.2017.1367590" type="journal article" year="2017">
Fonseca-Ferreira
<emphasis id="B9437B63135EFFBCFE4AFCA1FD8B7B45" box="[478,537,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
2017: 186
@ -169,18 +173,22 @@ by the longer embolus (distance between the distal portion of TK and the proxima
</taxonomicName>
by the spermathecae shape with a single rounded receptacle (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF4135EFFBCFF52FBF2FE8A7C29" box="[198,280,1046,1073]" captionStart="Figs 53–66" captionStartId="22.[189,242,1708,1734]" captionTargetBox="[206,1384,341,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-1@22.[198,1398,329,1641]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 53–66. Hapalopus akroa sp. nov. 53–64. Holotype ♂, IBSP 272763. 65–66. Paratype ♀, IBSP 272771. 53–57. Palpal bulb. 53. Retrolateral view. 54. Frontal view. 55. Prolateral view.56. Embolous prolateral view detached. 57. Tegulum prolateral view detached. 58–61. Palpal tibia. 58. Retrolateral view. 59. Ventral view. 60. Prolateral view. 61. Dorsal view. 62–64. Tibial apophysis. 62. Retrolateral view. 63. Ventral view. 64. Prolateral view. 65–66. Spermathecae. 65. Ventral view. 66. Receptacle detached. Abbreviations: Palpal bulb: A=Apical keel, PI =Prolateral inferior keel, PS =Prolateral superior keel, SA =Subapical keel, TK =Tegular keel, VP =Ventral tegular projection. Palpal tibia: TP=Tubercular process. Spermathecae: GC =Granular cavities. Dotted lines indicate detached areas. Scale bars: general area =0.5 mm, detached areas: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284819/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
; Perdomo
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFEB7FBF2FDA27C29" author="Perdomo C. &amp; Panzera A. &amp; Perez-Miles F." box="[291,560,1046,1073]" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="53 - 55" refId="ref16603" refString="Perdomo C., Panzera A. &amp; Perez-Miles F. 2009. Hapalopus aymara a new species of tarantula from Bolivia (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae). Iheringia. Serie Zoologia 99 (1): 53 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212009000100007" type="journal article" year="2009">
Perdomo
<emphasis id="B9437B63135EFFBCFE19FBF2FE577C29" box="[397,453,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
2009: 54, fig. 7;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFD15FBF2FC347C29" author="Fukushima C. S. &amp; Bertani R. &amp; Da Silva P. I." box="[641,934,1046,1073]" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref14960" refString="Fukushima C. S., Bertani R. &amp; Da Silva P. I. 2005. Revision of Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903, with notes on the genus Hapalopus Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Zootaxa 846 (1): 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 846.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">
2009: 54
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 7;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFD15FBF2FC347C29" author="Fukushima" box="[641,934,1046,1073]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fukushima" page="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref14960" refString="Fukushima C. S., Bertani R. &amp; Da Silva P. I. 2005. Revision of Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903, with notes on the genus Hapalopus Ausserer, 1875 (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Zootaxa 846 (1): 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 846.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">
Fukushima
<emphasis id="B9437B63135EFFBCFC90FBF2FCA97C29" box="[772,827,1047,1073]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
2005: 20
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 54;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFB91FBF2FA8F7C29" author="Mori A. &amp; Bertani R." box="[1029,1309,1047,1073]" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref16358" refString="Mori A. &amp; Bertani R. 2020. Revision and cladistic analysis of Psalistops Simon, 1889, Trichopelma Simon, 1888 and Cyrtogrammomma Pocock, 1895 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) based on a cladistic analysis of relationships of Theraphosidae, Barychelidae and Paratropididae. Zootaxa 4873 (1): 1 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4873.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Mori &amp; Bertani 2020: 48</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFB91FBF2FA8F7C29" author="Mori &amp; Bertani" box="[1029,1309,1047,1073]" firstAuthor="Mori" page="48" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref16358" refString="Mori A. &amp; Bertani R. 2020. Revision and cladistic analysis of Psalistops Simon, 1889, Trichopelma Simon, 1888 and Cyrtogrammomma Pocock, 1895 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) based on a cladistic analysis of relationships of Theraphosidae, Barychelidae and Paratropididae. Zootaxa 4873 (1): 1 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4873.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">Mori &amp; Bertani 2020: 48</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 58;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFF28FBDFFDA47C4C" author="Fonseca-Ferreira R. &amp; de Almeida Zampaulo R. &amp; Guadanucci J. P. L." box="[188,566,1082,1108]" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="178 - 199" refId="ref14899" refString="Fonseca-Ferreira R., de Almeida Zampaulo R. &amp; Guadanucci J. P. L. 2017. Diversity of iron cavedwelling mygalomorph spiders from Para, Brazil, with description of three new species (Araneae). Tropical Zoology 30 (4): 178 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.2017.1367590" type="journal article" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFF28FBDFFDA47C4C" author="Fonseca-Ferreira" box="[188,566,1082,1108]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Fonseca-Ferreira" page="187" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="178 - 199" refId="ref14899" refString="Fonseca-Ferreira R., de Almeida Zampaulo R. &amp; Guadanucci J. P. L. 2017. Diversity of iron cavedwelling mygalomorph spiders from Para, Brazil, with description of three new species (Araneae). Tropical Zoology 30 (4): 178 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.2017.1367590" type="journal article" year="2017">
Fonseca-Ferreira
<emphasis id="B9437B63135EFFBCFE16FBDEFE297C4C" box="[386,443,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
2017: 187
@ -202,13 +210,13 @@ and
by the abdominal pattern with a dorsal longitudinal middle dark band (
<figureCitation id="130CBBF4135EFFBCFB32FBB8FB6B7C60" box="[1190,1273,1117,1144]" captionStart="Figs 11–18" captionStartId="10.[189,242,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[196,1390,329,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-50@10.[189,1398,323,1845]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figs 11–18. Hapalopus akroa sp. nov. 11–13, 17. Holotype ♂, IBSP 272763. 14–16, 18. Paratype ♀, IBSP 272771. 11, 14. Prosome, dorsal view. 12, 15. Opisthosoma, dorsal view. 13, 16. Prosome, ventral view. 17, 18. Labium and endites. Scale bars=5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13284801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13284801/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFA91FBB8FE1E7C82" author="Gabriel R. &amp; Sherwood D." pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="5 - 18" refId="ref15238" refString="Gabriel R. &amp; Sherwood D. 2022. Taxonomy, biogeography, and ecology of some theraphosid spiders of the Darien region with description of five new species (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Revista iberica de Aracnologia 40: 5 - 18." type="journal article" year="2022">Gabriel &amp; Sherwood 2022: 8</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFA91FBB8FE1E7C82" author="Gabriel &amp; Sherwood" firstAuthor="Gabriel" page="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="5 - 18" refId="ref15238" refString="Gabriel R. &amp; Sherwood D. 2022. Taxonomy, biogeography, and ecology of some theraphosid spiders of the Darien region with description of five new species (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Revista iberica de Aracnologia 40: 5 - 18." type="journal article" year="2022">Gabriel &amp; Sherwood 2022: 8</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFE03FB65FDE47C83" author="Ausserer A." box="[407,630,1152,1179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="125 - 206" refId="ref14435" refString="Ausserer A. 1875. Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Arachniden-Familie der Territelariae Thorell (Mygalidae Autor). Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 25: 125 - 206." type="journal article" year="1875">Ausserer 1875: 175</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFE03FB65FDE47C83" author="Ausserer" box="[407,630,1152,1179]" firstAuthor="Ausserer" page="175" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="125 - 206" refId="ref14435" refString="Ausserer A. 1875. Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Arachniden-Familie der Territelariae Thorell (Mygalidae Autor). Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 25: 125 - 206." type="journal article" year="1875">Ausserer 1875: 175</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFD15FB65FCD07C82" author="Gabriel R." box="[641,834,1152,1178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="61 - 92" refId="ref15128" refString="Gabriel R. 2016. Revised taxonomic placement of the species in the Central American genera Davus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1892, Metriopelma Becker, 1878, and Schizopelma F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897, with comments on species in related genera (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arachnology 17 (2): 61 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.13156 / arac. 2006.17.2.61" type="journal article" year="2016">Gabriel 2016: 78</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFD15FB65FCD07C82" author="Gabriel" box="[641,834,1152,1178]" firstAuthor="Gabriel" page="78" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="61 - 92" refId="ref15128" refString="Gabriel R. 2016. Revised taxonomic placement of the species in the Central American genera Davus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1892, Metriopelma Becker, 1878, and Schizopelma F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897, with comments on species in related genera (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Arachnology 17 (2): 61 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.13156 / arac. 2006.17.2.61" type="journal article" year="2016">Gabriel 2016: 78</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFCD8FB65FBDA7C82" author="Caporiacco L." box="[844,1096,1152,1179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="266 - 448" refId="ref14628" refString="Caporiacco L. 1955. Estudio sobre los aracnidos de Venezuela. 2 a parte: Araneae. Acta biologica venezuelica 1: 266 - 448." type="journal article" year="1955">Caporiacco 1955: 281</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6DA80135EFFBCFCD8FB65FBDA7C82" author="Caporiacco" box="[844,1096,1152,1179]" firstAuthor="Caporiacco" page="281" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" pagination="266 - 448" refId="ref14628" refString="Caporiacco L. 1955. Estudio sobre los aracnidos de Venezuela. 2 a parte: Araneae. Acta biologica venezuelica 1: 266 - 448." type="journal article" year="1955">Caporiacco 1955: 281</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
@ -238,14 +246,14 @@ The name is in honor of the indigenous Akroá people, originating from the south
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A771135EFFBCFF29FA42FE8F7DFC" blockId="8.[189,1399,1412,1508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C135EFFBCFF29FA42FE8F7DFC" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="Parque Nacional Serra das Confusoes &amp; L. S. Carvalho" country="Brazil" location="Piaui" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" specimenCode="IBSP 272763" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Piaui" typeStatus="holotype">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C135EFFBCFF29FA42FE8F7DFC" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="L. S. Carvalho" country="Brazil" location="Parque Nacional Serra das Confusoes" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" specimenCode="IBSP 272763" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Piaui" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F320E7E1135EFFBCFF29FA42FEB47DD9" box="[189,294,1447,1473]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D316CF8135EFFBCFED4FA42FECB7DD9" box="[320,345,1447,1473]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="49F36993135EFFBCFEF2FA42FE377DD9" box="[358,421,1447,1473]" country="Brazil" name="Piaui" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">Piauí</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="26C2C2A7135EFFBCFE25FA42FCE27DD9" box="[433,880,1447,1473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">Parque Nacional Serra das Confusões</collectorName>
<location id="8EE8F1AA135EFFBCFE25FA42FCE27DD9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E1667135EFFBFFD14FE5CFBD87B3C:8EE8F1AA135EFFBCFE25FA42FCE27DD9" box="[433,880,1447,1473]" country="Brazil" name="Parque Nacional Serra das Confusoes" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" stateProvince="Piaui">Parque Nacional Serra das Confusões</location>
, 2010–2011;
<collectorName id="26C2C2A7135EFFBCFB9BFA42FB267DD9" box="[1039,1204,1447,1473]" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">L.S. Carvalho</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B9437B63135EFFBCFB2FFA42FB657DD9" box="[1211,1271,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
@ -260,7 +268,7 @@ col.;
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A771135EFFBCFF29F9DEFAE57E4D" blockId="8.[189,1399,1595,1622]" box="[189,1399,1595,1622]" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C135EFFBCFF29F9DEFCD87E4D" box="[189,842,1595,1622]" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="Parque Nacional Serra das Confusoes &amp; L. S. Carvalho" country="Brazil" location="Piaui" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" specimenCode="IBSP 272771" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Piaui" typeStatus="paratype">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C135EFFBCFF29F9DEFCD87E4D" box="[189,842,1595,1622]" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="L. S. Carvalho" country="Brazil" location="Parque Nacional Serra das Confusoes" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" specimenCode="IBSP 272771" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Piaui" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="F320E7E1135EFFBCFF29F9DEFEB47E4D" box="[189,294,1595,1621]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D316CF8135EFFBCFEA9F9DEFEF87E4E" box="[317,362,1595,1622]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
@ -268,7 +276,7 @@ col.;
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A135EFFBCFD3BF9DEFCD87E4D" box="[687,842,1595,1621]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">IBSP 272771</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C135EFFBCFCF6F9DEFAE17E4D" box="[866,1395,1595,1622]" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="Parque Nacional Serra das Confusoes &amp; L. S. Carvalho" country="Brazil" location="Piaui" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" specimenCode="IBSP 343841" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Piaui" typeStatus="paratype">
<materialsCitation id="3B5FAD2C135EFFBCFCF6F9DEFAE17E4D" box="[866,1395,1595,1622]" collectionCode="IBSP" collectorName="L. S. Carvalho" country="Brazil" location="Parque Nacional Serra das Confusoes" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" specimenCode="IBSP 343841" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Piaui" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D316CF8135EFFBCFCF6F9DEFC027E4E" box="[866,912,1595,1622]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="61" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; same data as for holotype;
<specimenCode id="DB910F0A135EFFBCFB40F9DEFAE17E4D" box="[1236,1395,1595,1621]" collectionCode="IBSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/23qr-v2gj" name="Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">IBSP 343841</specimenCode>
@ -295,7 +303,7 @@ Color (in alcohol): carapace, light orange. Chelicerae orange. Legs light orange
<typeStatus id="548C19D3135EFFBCFAD1F8F0FAE57F37" box="[1349,1399,1813,1839]" pageId="8" pageNumber="61">type</typeStatus>
III urticating setae, on the central dorsum of the abdomen. Total length: 20.77. Chelicerae basal segment: length 2.15. Carapace elongated: length 9.22, width 7.69. Abdomen: length 9.40. Clypeus absent. Eye tubercle slightly elevated, oval: length 1.61, width 1.00. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior slightly recurved. Eyes and interdistances: AME 0.29, ALE 0.24, PME 0.21, PLE 0.33, AME–AME 0.22, AME–ALE 0.15, ALE–ALE 0.30, PME–PME 0.73, PME–PLE 0.10, PLE–PLE 0.99, AME–PME0.11, ALE–PLE 0.20. Thoracic fovea slightly procurved, deep: width 2.10. Chelicerae basal segment with 9 well-developed teeth on furrow promargin, with a group of ca 22 small teeth on proximal area of furrow. Intercheliceral tumescence absent. Maxillae with 100–150 cuspules, located on anterior inner corner. Labium subrectangular: length 1.27, width 2.21, with ca 40 cuspules. Sternum slightly round: length 4.57, width 3.77; with three pairs of oval sigilla separated by its diameter from the edge.
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<paragraph id="8B88A771135FFFBDFF29FEECFDE5795E" blockId="9.[189,1399,265,326]" pageId="9" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B9437B63135FFFBDFF29FEECFEB3793B" bold="true" box="[189,289,265,291]" pageId="9" pageNumber="62">Table 2.</emphasis>
Length of legs and palpal segments of
@ -402,7 +410,7 @@ Tibial apophysis: composed of two converging branches fused at base (
</paragraph>
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Superior tarsal claws with three small teeth on the midline. Tarsal scopulae: I-II entire with longitudinal band of conical setae; III-IV divided by longitudinal band of conical setae. Metatarsal scopulae: I-IV on distal 1/3. Clavate tarsal trichobothria in two rows, each with ca 19 trichae, interspersed with ca 10 filiform trichobothria of different sizes. Leg formula 4312 (
<tableCitation id="C6B592CA135FFFBDFCE6FAD8FC5F7D40" box="[882,973,1341,1368]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="9.[189,259,265,291]" captionText="Table 2. Length of legs and palpal segments of Hapalopus akroa sp. nov. holotype male and paratype female (IBSP 272763, IBSP 272771)." pageId="9" pageNumber="62">Table 2</tableCitation>
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).
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<paragraph id="8B88A771135FFFBDFF29FA64FE757E4E" blockId="9.[189,1400,1409,1622]" pageId="9" pageNumber="62">Spination (proximal to distal): cymbium and tarsi without spines. Palp: femur 0; patella (v) ap1, (p) 1; tibia (p) 0-2-1. Leg I: femur (d) 1; patella 0; tibia (p) 1, (r) 0-1-1; metatarsus (v) 2-0-ap1, (r) 0-1-0. Leg II: femur (p) 1; patella 0; tibia (v) 2-2-ap1, (r) 0-1-0; metatarsus (v) 0-2-ap1, (p) 1, (r) 1. Leg III: femur (d) 0-0-2; patella (p) 1; tibia (v) 0-1-ap2, (p) 0-2-ap1, (r) 0-1-1; metatarsus (v) 1-2-ap2, (p) 1-3-1, (r) 1-2-1. Leg IV: femur (d) 1; patela (p) 1; tibia (v) 1-1-ap2, (p) 0-1-1, (r) 1-1-0; metatarsus (d) 1-2-1, (v) 2-4-2, (p)1-2-1, (r) 1-4-2.</paragraph>
@ -449,7 +457,7 @@ Spermathecae: composed by a single receptacle, well sclerotized with granular ca
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A771135DFFBFFF29FE37FBB37A61" blockId="11.[187,1401,466,634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">
Superior tarsal claws with four small teeth on the midline. Tarsal scopulae: I-II entire; III entire with longitudinal band of conical setae; IV divided by longitudinal band of conical setae. Metatarsal scopulae dense, extension: I more than a distal half; II on distal half; III and IV on distal 1/3, divided by longitudinal band of conical setae. Clavate tarsal trichobothria in two rows, each with ca 10 trichae, interspersed with ca 13 filiform trichobothria of different sizes. Leg formula 4312 (
<tableCitation id="C6B592CA135DFFBFFC23FDBAFB817A61" box="[951,1043,607,633]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="9.[189,259,265,291]" captionText="Table 2. Length of legs and palpal segments of Hapalopus akroa sp. nov. holotype male and paratype female (IBSP 272763, IBSP 272771)." pageId="11" pageNumber="64">Table 2</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="C6B592CA135DFFBFFC23FDBAFB817A61" box="[951,1043,607,633]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="9.[189,259,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Table 2. Length of legs and palpal segments of Hapalopus akroa sp. nov. holotype male and paratype female (IBSP 272763, IBSP 272771)." pageId="11" pageNumber="64">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B88A771135DFFBFFF29FD45FBD87B3C" blockId="11.[188,1399,672,805]" pageId="11" pageNumber="64">Spination (proximal to distal): femura, patellae and tarsi without spines. Palp: tibia (v) 0-2-ap3. Leg I: tibia 0; metatarsus (v) 1-1-ap1. Leg II: tibia (v) 0-1-ap0, (d) 0-1-ap0; metatarsus (v) 1-1-ap2. (p) 1-1- ap0. Leg III: tibia (v) 0-1-ap2, (p) 1-1-ap0, (r) 0-1-ap1; metatarsus (v) 1-1-ap2, (p) 1-3-1, (r), 2-1-1. Leg IV: tibia (v) 1-2-ap2, (r) 1-1-ap1; metatarsus (v) 1-1-ap2, (p) 1-2-2, (r), 1-2-1.</paragraph>

142
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@ -1,91 +1,93 @@
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<taxonomicName id="4C1CE78FC250FFEED2BB4F34643CF8FB" ID-CoL="4YCHS" authority="(Gray, 1842)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[234,573,1836,1862]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Soriculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="7" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
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)
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(
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)
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@ -202,9 +204,9 @@ Sizeisthelargestinthegenus
, HB = 89 ±
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;
<tableCitation id="C69EA9B7C250FFEED6424E4F625EF9D2" box="[1043,1119,1623,1647]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Means (mm), standard deviations, ranges, and sample sizes of morphological measurements for different OTUs of the genus Soriculus" pageId="7" pageNumber="541">Table 1</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="C69EA9B7C250FFEED6424E4F625EF9D2" box="[1043,1119,1623,1647]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Means (mm), standard deviations, ranges, and sample sizes of morphological measurements for different OTUs of the genus Soriculus" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF63CC84C253FFEDD220489763A8FF1A" pageId="7" pageNumber="541" tableUuid="DF63CC84C253FFEDD220489763A8FF1A">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Dorsal pelage colour varies from brown to black, ventral paler (Supporting Information,
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<figureCitation id="13278089C250FFEED73D4E6E63B0F933" box="[1388,1457,1654,1678]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[129,194,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,1259,1903]" captionTargetId="graphics-452@5.[181,795,1280,1859]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Results of the principal components (A) and discriminant function analysis (B) analysis of Soriculus based on the 18 log10- transformed craniomandibular variables." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13305973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13305973/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="541">Fig. S2</figureCitation>
). Tail is not sharply bicolored. Most individuals have a tail length ≤
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, averaging 52% of head and body length. Foreclaws are enlarged. The skull is broad, with the widest maxillary region in the genus (
@ -219,7 +221,7 @@ is the largest, whereas U
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is minute. M 3 is reduced. The tips of teeth are slightly pigmented with orange or light red.
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<emphasis id="B968401EC25FFFE1D2204F0166C8F88F" bold="true" box="[113,201,1817,1842]" pageId="8" pageNumber="542">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Estimated divergence times of the genus
@ -325,7 +327,7 @@ in
sp. 1
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;
<tableCitation id="C69EA9B7C25EFFE0D2D0497366CCFE3E" box="[129,205,363,387]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Means (mm), standard deviations, ranges, and sample sizes of morphological measurements for different OTUs of the genus Soriculus" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">Table 1</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="C69EA9B7C25EFFE0D2D0497366CCFE3E" box="[129,205,363,387]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Means (mm), standard deviations, ranges, and sample sizes of morphological measurements for different OTUs of the genus Soriculus" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF63CC84C253FFEDD220489763A8FF1A" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" tableUuid="DF63CC84C253FFEDD220489763A8FF1A">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The coronoid process of the three forms is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C1CE78FC25EFFE0D29D49936744FE1F" baseAuthorityName="Hinton" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[204,325,395,418]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Soriculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="B968401EC25EFFE0D29D49936744FE1F" box="[204,325,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="543">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
@ -364,7 +366,7 @@ in
sp. 2
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;
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). Second, according to the measurements provided by
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, the tail length of three subspecies (TL ≤

138
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@ -101,9 +103,9 @@ Chen &amp; Jiang
[
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;
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; Supporting Information,
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<figureCitation id="13278089C25CFFE2D0FF4A826508FD0F" box="[686,777,666,690]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[129,194,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[129,1473,1259,1903]" captionTargetId="graphics-452@5.[181,795,1280,1859]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Results of the principal components (A) and discriminant function analysis (B) analysis of Soriculus based on the 18 log10- transformed craniomandibular variables." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13305973" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13305973/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="545">Fig. S2</figureCitation>
(=
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@ -275,9 +277,9 @@ External morphology and size similar to
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), but the pelage is slightly darker (Supporting Information,
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). The dorsal pelage is dense and soft, about
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long in winter (we have not collected this species in summer, but we suspect that its dorsal pelage should be shorter in summer, similar to

142
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@ -101,9 +103,9 @@ Chen &amp; Jiang
[
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;
<tableCitation id="C69EA9B7C25DFFE3D2964C536717FBDE" box="[199,278,1099,1123]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Means (mm), standard deviations, ranges, and sample sizes of morphological measurements for different OTUs of the genus Soriculus" pageId="10" pageNumber="544">Table 1</tableCitation>
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; Supporting Information,
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(=
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@ -265,9 +267,9 @@ is a medium sized shrew (W = 11.7 ±
, HB = 83 ±
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) in the genus. The dorsal pelage is uniformly dark brown (
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) but slightly browner than
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<taxonomicName id="4C1CE78FC25DFFE3D1E848F66233FEBB" baseAuthorityName="Hinton" baseAuthorityYear="1922" box="[953,1074,238,262]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Soriculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">S. nigrescens</taxonomicName>
@ -452,7 +454,7 @@ in
<emphasis id="B968401EC25DFFE3D12B4EC265F7F94C" box="[890,1014,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="544">S. nigrescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) between the two species do not overlap (
<tableCitation id="C69EA9B7C25DFFE3D1644EE16585F8AC" box="[821,900,1785,1809]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Means (mm), standard deviations, ranges, and sample sizes of morphological measurements for different OTUs of the genus Soriculus" pageId="10" pageNumber="544">Table 1</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="C69EA9B7C25DFFE3D1644EE16585F8AC" box="[821,900,1785,1809]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Means (mm), standard deviations, ranges, and sample sizes of morphological measurements for different OTUs of the genus Soriculus" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF63CC84C253FFEDD220489763A8FF1A" pageId="10" pageNumber="544" tableUuid="DF63CC84C253FFEDD220489763A8FF1A">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The maxillary region of
<taxonomicName id="4C1CE78FC25DFFE3D6CE4EE16301F8AD" authorityName="Chen &amp; Pei &amp; Hu &amp; Song &amp; Khanal &amp; Li &amp; Jiang" authorityYear="2024" box="[1183,1280,1785,1808]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Soriculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nivatus">
<emphasis id="B968401EC25DFFE3D6CE4EE16301F8AD" box="[1183,1280,1785,1808]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="544">S. nivatus</emphasis>
@ -509,7 +511,7 @@ is easily distinguished from
<emphasis id="B968401EC25CFFE2D02348F664C6FEBB" box="[626,711,238,262]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="545">S. minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its larger size, and the two species usually show little or no overlap in all measurements (
<tableCitation id="C69EA9B7C25CFFE2D335493567B3FEF8" box="[356,434,301,325]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Means (mm), standard deviations, ranges, and sample sizes of morphological measurements for different OTUs of the genus Soriculus" pageId="11" pageNumber="545">Table 1</tableCitation>
<tableCitation id="C69EA9B7C25CFFE2D335493567B3FEF8" box="[356,434,301,325]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[113,168,143,167]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. Means (mm), standard deviations, ranges, and sample sizes of morphological measurements for different OTUs of the genus Soriculus" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF63CC84C253FFEDD220489763A8FF1A" pageId="11" pageNumber="545" tableUuid="DF63CC84C253FFEDD220489763A8FF1A">Table 1</tableCitation>
). It can further be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C1CE78FC25CFFE2D2E84954670AFED9" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1890" box="[185,267,332,356]" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Soriculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
<emphasis id="B968401EC25CFFE2D2E84954670AFED9" box="[185,267,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="545">S. minor</emphasis>

351
data/19/A2/B0/19A2B0719AAF5C559CBD56244B4AAC94.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
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<taxonomicName id="497175C9AE287C060B04364BE46E7172" ID-CoL="8DJFK" authority="Ferrington &amp; Saether, 2011" authorityName="Ferrington &amp; Saether" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unniae">
<emphasis id="4187C12841342DD25682751861972F45" italics="true">Pseudosmittia unniae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72B16D0C6FA2367B54A9FA6EBFC7A0F7" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2849.1.1" author="Ferrington Jr LC &amp; Sæther OA" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="1-314" refId="B11" refString="Ferrington Jr LC, Saether OA (2011) A revision of the genera Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932, Allocladius Kieffer, 1913, and Hydrosmittia gen. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 2849 (1): 1 - 314. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2849.1. 1" title="A revision of the genera Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932, Allocladius Kieffer, 1913, and Hydrosmittia gen. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)." volume="2849" year="2011">Ferrington &amp; Sæther, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CFA93D2E1AF8CE6B476AA3050A255BC2">
<figureCitation id="B3940C7635E6E4B15905262E12BB86E1" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Pseudosmittia unniae adult male A, B heads C, D abdomens with hypopygium." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038067">Figs 5 A – D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D3317CB6F2C96300D607B666105B7E1F" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Pseudosmittia unniae adult male A Head B wing C scutum D hypopygium E virga." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038068">6 A – E</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="F8BB212D3D077270488C6F0F69D3D595">
<heading id="1FED4A6D431F4730E7C9CB0306361486" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E5C93A77F0414338734A877FBCA65A7">
<materialsCitation id="D1FF964FB181D2B56F8F7A66527C48FB" collectingDate="2018-12-03" collectionCode="SHOU, BOLD" collectorName="X. Lin" country="Namibia" county="Windhoek" latitude="-22.529" location="Goreangab Reservoir" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.001" municipality="Arebbusch river" specimenCode="NAMCH 072-20, NAMCH 070-20, ADW 9545, ACK 7891" specimenCount="19" specimenCount-female="18" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Khomas">
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•
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;
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;
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,
<collectingMunicipality id="86D41BF1623D3D18D85A042D047AEE93">Arebbusch river</collectingMunicipality>
,
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;
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,
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;
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<collectingDate id="ECC18C0106FD60060C9B2CCF179D5EBC" value="2018-12-03">3 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
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;
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leg.;
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;
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specimen code NAM 86
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E12AE" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
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sequence ID
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;
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BIN
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:
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:
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•
<materialsCitation id="30B0D68D62DEA333023BF46B27A4D37C" collectingDate="2018-12-02" collectingDateMax="2018-12-10" collectingDateMin="2018-12-02" collectionCode="V, NMNW, BOLD" collectorName="Baranov" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.529" location="Swakop river" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.001" municipality="Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve" specimenCode="NAMCH 065-20, NAMCH 072-20, ADW 9545" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">
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;
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,
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outflow;
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<geoCoordinate id="7E5FD239294305F232962E03AE8F253D" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="44.4" value="-22.529">22 ° 31 ' 44.4 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AD0036C61CDCA2C4056B1CC3A95B6A08" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="0" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="3.6" value="17.001">17 ° 0 ' 3.6 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate id="AF432416EC8AA2FDDCF83F1A8D0A3C7B" value="2018-12-02" valueMax="2018-12-10" valueMin="2018-12-02">2–10 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectingMethod id="5DF4B03782E87DC6C9F7209FB7D13E5A">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
;
<collectionCode id="E5C0A97BEDC71DD5D57B1DE6D154F8A6" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="13FC230D619DBECC0710D6A8B4A67104">Baranov</collectorName>
leg.;
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<collectionCode id="AC371AFB44776AAB8ACAD173C8D20F6F" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" type="">NMNW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EC4AE" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="2048DBAA169CA5AF15E4C13EE826D6C6">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
specimen code: NAM 81, NAM 89,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EG4AE" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
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leg.;
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;
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specimen code NAM 61, NAM 60, NAM 59, NAM-Chiro 51, NAM-Chiro 50, NAM-Chiro 49, NAM-Chiro 48, NAM-Chiro 45;
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.
</paragraph>
<caption id="670DD3697A46960DE5C28218ADE496EE" ID-DOI="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure5" ID-arpha="6CC21CF3-F1DD-5D17-A3BE-01FAAFE501F5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038067" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="EC47E9556FB49B9756BBC14CB1DCC718">
<label id="238F9A43A7FCDE699E43F071EA429B3B">Figure 5.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2490E53F9E30576B3DCF3148935A5112">
<taxonomicName id="8BA9F85E42D776703725C21823DF964A" authorityName="Ferrington &amp; Saether" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unniae">
<emphasis id="05A3C309CD81D1AB3A4C60F91D3A24D2" italics="true">Pseudosmittia unniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adult male
<emphasis id="AA62555A1CC9EF642E8E641093E00696" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
heads
<emphasis id="D2960AAF9CF61606812E4D4DF091100A" bold="true">C, D</emphasis>
abdomens with hypopygium.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="5F9A45DBFCA6D8AFA978E3660ACAB758" ID-DOI="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure6" ID-arpha="46D0EC25-BA09-5717-B6D9-21CCD41AB9AB" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038068" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="888EE3EDAC7CC93D81D4F227A0E0E4A7">
<label id="DAAF70F64C1AAFA2D5DCC9E5C79C76F7">Figure 6.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC4DA41A38456ABF65B49BCCBD18E072">
<taxonomicName id="12B79EA3713ADCB7867B1235E2E9BC45" authorityName="Ferrington &amp; Saether" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Pseudosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unniae">
<emphasis id="9FC90B01991937F9DBB4BBE529AD7D76" italics="true">Pseudosmittia unniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adult male
<emphasis id="F34C0CD2BBC33B2672AD320AAEB815BE" bold="true">A</emphasis>
Head
<emphasis id="5E7C79FD52215F40F8AB6C49EB44BE6B" bold="true">B</emphasis>
wing
<emphasis id="0AB9283646DC0EA0001A08BDE806AA2D" bold="true">C</emphasis>
scutum
<emphasis id="73A017429472BAC21DCD4A63CC4F31ED" bold="true">D</emphasis>
hypopygium
<emphasis id="BA0E961AF2BB9B601603612045024C97" bold="true">E</emphasis>
virga.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELCAG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="50CFB3041405A22342CA08F39D25A19A">
<heading id="8FF677AFD5EFB6F93961F1E6606DADF1" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="44742A628534D97E5754E0D98FBE30B8">
This is the first record of this species from
<collectingCountry id="E5BF6695178847ED84E644833C661503" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="714EA6DA8D69357EB032FDDCA6F2FE7F" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2849.1.1" author="Ferrington and Saether" firstAuthor="Ferrington" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="1-314" refId="B11" refString="Ferrington Jr LC, Sæther OA (2011) A revision of the genera Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932, Allocladius Kieffer, 1913, and Hydrosmittia gen. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa 2849 (1): 1–314. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2849.1.1" title="A revision of the genera Pseudosmittia Edwards, 1932, Allocladius Kieffer, 1913, and Hydrosmittia gen. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)." volume="2849" year="2011">Ferrington and Sæther 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0A13FA832E11805B80E0E4273B80DD08" author="Ashe and O'Connor" firstAuthor="Ashe" refId="B3" refString="Ashe P, O’Connor JP (2012) A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Díptera). Part 2. Orthocladiinae. Two volumes (Sections A, B). Irish Biogeographical Society, Dublin, [14] + [xvi +] 468 pp., [6] + 500 pp." year="2012">Ashe and O’Connor 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Comparison of current sequences with existing BINs on the
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<collectionCode id="65362DE6702F034813ACE8DBC212252D">BOLD</collectionCode>
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system has shown the presence of this species also in
<collectingCountry id="94BA1B097E86E5DAED01DFD55C1A0310" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="2D1A54BE05FE9A311ACE8E63EAD49174" italics="true">Paraphaenocladius impensus</emphasis>
(Walker, 1856)
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<heading id="0C96BA01635AE71FBF7B54AD9047C49F" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA2ED79C2ED12643847DA3449FD27AB4">
<materialsCitation id="76CD17124A8EA1984BE5731B84269374" collectingDate="2018-12-03" collectionCode="BOLD" collectorName="X. Lin" country="Namibia" county="Windhoek" latitude="-22.529" location="Goreangab Reservoir" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.001" municipality="Arebbusch river" specimenCode="NAMCH 067-20, ACK 2655" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Khomas">
<collectingCountry id="7BB8F4A70169E535ADB68741733E5323" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="B3331B6D3028A439A5BE145A62A86D17" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="FFF6762F08FC732F678905A43AD513B3" country="Namibia" name="Khomas">KHOMAS</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingCounty id="9A72CA99579DFE4023681F3C5E0F255E">Windhoek</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="BDD9455554C78B2716D43FDB04A003D4">Arebbusch river</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="1EB9C9304489E26997B3B6E6911EF2BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:266D8CF25D2558FA9E906AB9AC6FFD43:1EB9C9304489E26997B3B6E6911EF2BE" country="Namibia" county="Windhoek" latitude="-22.529" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.001" municipality="Arebbusch river" name="Goreangab Reservoir" stateProvince="Khomas">Goreangab Reservoir</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E1IAG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[17.001000,-22.529000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="9097A2AEA53B22991FECEDBDB9D9C90B" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="44.4" value="-22.529">22 ° 31 ' 44.4 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="153BED612F7D3913F48D607E76A516D9" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="0" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="3.6" value="17.001">17 ° 0 ' 3.6 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="3A91B8C9476BD4DEB7B34C545D72FB42" value="2018-12-03">
<collectingDate id="681F7A28A09AE6BC61412A2CA9239B0A" value="2018-12-03">3 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="64FDFE05763B86F3E6B2F715FD67A10F">X. Lin</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="DEADF290585F2E709FCC4E35A6116581">sweep net</collectingMethod>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E6IAG" xlink_title="College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University">
<collectingRegion id="BF71DAC58506BD1C1085A94F0AFFCA5C" country="Namibia" name="SHOU">SHOU</collectingRegion>
</abbrev>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDJAG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="553AA4B3DBCB703F3CAA89BF6165588A">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
specimen code: NAM 83;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EHJAG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="FDA7A9A5852A2B8E91230CC2A38E9E9E">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
sequence ID:
<ext-link id="38EEE14A5DCF5FB57B196CFFB569396D" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMCH067-20" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="3049668CB63CC1E61DC6DA5E2C439B4A" collectionCode="NAMCH">NAMCH 067-20</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQJAG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="2DAB5D923EE7DC309A0A7B22BF27828D">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
BIN:
<ext-link id="29FF6DF8EF90E81CA865E5797A95FAE8" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:ACK2655" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="33B3748856E609FEE80443618A2DE33B">BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="D3D6A29269D500D186490DD9DF2D8457" collectionCode="BOLD">ACK 2655</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
</materialsCitation>
;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZJAG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1AD53DA0C98C9BAE1908BD2446B421C9">
<heading id="2829D35C30B5F351C5BF9CD96B7DE388" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C5730247279FFD90E17C2196F88C1C9">
This is the first record of the species from
<collectingCountry id="46E2DE3A8704999059BF4376D22DE2C4" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, but numerous representatives of the same BIN were previously recorded from
<collectingCountry id="31FFE3084DF9F0DE4F9B555E00984AFB" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<ext-link id="34B2E84619739EFC5A4A2FAEE810279D" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:ACK2655" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="5BD0BEE68C14F4A381C49F76ABDBA4B7">BOLD</collectionCode>
: ACK 2655
</ext-link>
,
<bibRefCitation id="7C7C5A4CCA65E3C97F7673D62B5FEDEE" author="Freeman" firstAuthor="Freeman" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="285-368" refId="B16" refString="Freeman P (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 4: 285–368." title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="4" year="1956">Freeman 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7226698B620339B5B7D7336E43B96A03" DOI="10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" author="Freeman and Cranston" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pagination="323-329" refId="B20" refString="Freeman P, Cranston P (1980) Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175–202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species. Oriental Insects 39 (1): 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" title="Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175-202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species." volume="39" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A159F13063D318F4D813D53C0725160F" author="Curtis" firstAuthor="Curtis" journalOrPublisher="Madoqua" pagination="163-187" refId="B4" refString="Curtis B (1991) Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia. Madoqua 1991: 163–187." title="Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia." volume="1991" year="1991">Curtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A408D1A4806CBCF95A2AD4EE57AA2C60" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AF10CBA5923CB7084EF814899EDE1573" author="Ashe and O'Connor" firstAuthor="Ashe" refId="B3" refString="Ashe P, O’Connor JP (2012) A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Díptera). Part 2. Orthocladiinae. Two volumes (Sections A, B). Irish Biogeographical Society, Dublin, [14] + [xvi +] 468 pp., [6] + 500 pp." year="2012">Ashe and O’Connor 2012</bibRefCitation>
). The species is otherwise known from the multiple countries in the Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental regions. This is the first Afrotropical record (although the species is recorded from Palaearctic parts of the African continent, i. e.
<collectingCountry id="85335885F9B15BDF02038346056106A8" name="Algeria">Algeria</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="C9ACD58846D8479394ADE6C5B38C552F" author="Ashe and O'Connor" firstAuthor="Ashe" refId="B3" refString="Ashe P, O’Connor JP (2012) A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Díptera). Part 2. Orthocladiinae. Two volumes (Sections A, B). Irish Biogeographical Society, Dublin, [14] + [xvi +] 468 pp., [6] + 500 pp." year="2012">Ashe and O’Connor 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

402
data/31/70/D2/3170D2FAEF92517394510DCD6429C30A.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
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<mods:title id="A5209B8450A5CD34A95CC0F839120A46">A new Psammitis species (Araneae, Thomisidae) from an extinct volcano in Georgia with reevaluation of the generic position of Xysticus marmoratus Thorell, 1875</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="9EADDB6DE6E1988C6A22B79016FC27A0" type="personal">
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<mods:affiliation id="4232C59FDB0665228C149624A8323F41">Institute of Ecology, Ilia State University, Cholokashvili av. 3 / 5 Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="6B973956192D162A1D1A4198421B88F0">Institute of Ecology, Ilia State University, Cholokashvili av. 3 / 5 Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="89D7A99491F78118D227E0D0F0939942">Caucasiana</mods:title>
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<treatment id="3170D2FAEF92517394510DCD6429C30A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13306083" ID-arpha="3170D2FA-EF92-5173-9451-0DCD6429C30A" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/325DC4FB-4400-4DE1-8803-B7F0DA12527B" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:325DC4FB-4400-4DE1-8803-B7F0DA12527B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:325DC4FB-4400-4DE1-8803-B7F0DA12527B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3170D2FAEF92517394510DCD6429C30A">
<subSubSection id="5038A7C595DE7A4613ADA44B267B1EDE" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="211BAAC45E8EE25CA03697ECCDCD05EA">
<taxonomicName id="A745AA3FEC77D99FEDA90E4F3E1DB0B5" authorityName="Seropian &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Psammitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abuliensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="035F14B368653CD224449F9A88843618" italics="true">Psammitis abuliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="215954B98A90C23C19BAF90BE91C685E" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3646D49D823E8A2E45D88670DE0F4915" type="description">
<paragraph id="34891CE1C8F223EDA6EC25625A5D3377">
<figureCitation id="2A751F1AB89AB3FCFA758103F669EE68" captionStart="Figures 1–5" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1–5. Psammitis abuliensis sp. nov., male (1 holotype, dorsal habitus 2 paratype, dorsal habitus 3 left palp, ventral view 4 ditto, retrolateral view 5 tip of embolus, rotated). Scale bars: 2 mm (1–2); 0.2 mm (3–4); 0.1 mm (5)." figureDoi="10.3897/caucasiana.3.e120656.figures1-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038434">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERLAC" type="type material">
<paragraph id="ED315D23D886E0045C2B53E7439E459A">
<heading id="7A6CD83D4221253E9851B19FFD6CEFF8" reason="title">Type material.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7CE29A34958489CD034986C0B693278A">
<materialsCitation id="C9A805B6ECF53E20E7E7996D9D615A4A" collectingDate="2018-09-12" collectorName="L. Mumladze." country="Georgia" elevation="3267" latitude="41.438" location="Didi Abuli Mt." longLatPrecision="6" longitude="43.6462" municipality="Akhalkalaki" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Samtskhe-Javakheti" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="3059792310CA1ECA6BDBB0789FFA70A3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="45B844326E91E2AC9D00609B5A0D4EC3" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
(CaBOL-ID 1012781):
<collectingCountry id="8EF7F85BB9B39D2885AEE9A831869BB3" name="Georgia">Georgia</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="BE4EF32E3E74480698F4D8013892E44D" country="Georgia" name="Samtskhe-Javakheti">Samtskhe-Javakheti</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="70BFFB25F46D6E6EE0B9AA7D42B7D02F">Akhalkalaki</collectingMunicipality>
municipality,
<location id="6B5691DF87B50F6C14FFAD34DE167C8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3170D2FAEF92517394510DCD6429C30A:6B5691DF87B50F6C14FFAD34DE167C8F" country="Georgia" latitude="41.438" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="43.6462" municipality="Akhalkalaki" name="Didi Abuli Mt." stateProvince="Samtskhe-Javakheti">Didi Abuli Mt.</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E5LAC" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[43.646200,41.438000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="9F48C50E0D445C057BCBE4198D785D24" degrees="41.4380" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="41.438">N 41.4380 °</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="8599BF6E6E00F3972A8A8BFA33ECDFA4" degrees="43.6462" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="43.6462">E 43.6462 °</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<elevation id="9787B020B5CA0B9FE53CB12E21AE7718" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.267" unit="m" value="3267.0">
<quantity id="D2EE4AD1F1C0CA9723B077DB8B22CC56" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.267" unit="m" value="3267.0">3267 m</quantity>
a. s. l.
</elevation>
, under rocks;
<date id="835E4D99782699DE7766EC5F90199895" value="2018-09-12">
<collectingDate id="1B1F4501834EF8169C8B367026392B88" value="2018-09-12">12 September 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
; leg.
<collectorName id="7B6EE90DA9EF67656133AE4E32AE490F">L. Mumladze.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<typeStatus id="033D6CAA581E95E1E5B4DCDD6CE7813F" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="CCC25C4BBBF771B550331D943FC01360" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(CaBOL-ID 1012780): same collecting data. Both specimens are deposited in the scientific collections of Ilia State University,
<collectingCountry id="24DCFC504E787170DBE322814545BE4D" name="Georgia">Georgia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="35AF8DA6CCC02D0D71421521BECFDEA6" country="Georgia" name="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDMAC" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="40C42D639E57ABA01FD6673527CD0B0B">
<heading id="598A68E53C2E7921D6E298ABF7FBE987" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7DC9687A016E516750EB0D70274756FD">
The new species resembles
<taxonomicName id="5F98609BB83B0ED0AAAAE76C8387731B" authority="(Hahn, 1832)" baseAuthorityName="Hahn" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Thomisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabulosus">
<emphasis id="E1B543D8EC677BAF0B164C9E27D7077B" italics="true">P. sabulosus</emphasis>
(Hahn, 1832)
</taxonomicName>
that occurs in
<collectingCountry id="2F67014C03BF82C00B323C7BAFA2E4CC" name="Georgia">Georgia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="34FDFCAD592ACA45755985A946F3F906" author="Thaler" firstAuthor="Thaler" journalOrPublisher="Veröffentlichungen des Museum Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck" pagination="105-150" refId="B17" refString="Thaler K (1981) Bemerkenswerte Spinnenfunde in Nordtirol (Österreich). Veröffentlichungen des Museum Ferdinandeum in Innsbruck 61: 105–150." title="Bemerkenswerte Spinnenfunde in Nordtirol (Österreich)." volume="61" year="1981">Thaler 1981</bibRefCitation>
: figs 52, 57;
<bibRefCitation id="02F15BDC56859DE84787839BF4510284" author="Jantscher" firstAuthor="Jantscher" refId="B5" refString="Jantscher E (2002) The significance of male pedipalpal characters for the higher systematics of the crab spider genus Xysticus C. L. Koch, 1835 (Araneae: Thomisidae). In: Toft S &amp; Scharff N (eds.) European Arachnology 2000: Proceedings of the 19 th European Colloquium of Arachnology. Aarhus University Press, pp. 329 -- 336." year="2002">Jantscher 2002</bibRefCitation>
: figs 5–6) and
<taxonomicName id="D311089902BF66E8F7AF64DD47E72B6B" authority="(Demir, Topcu &amp; Turkes, 2006)" baseAuthorityName="Demir, Topcu &amp; Turkes" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Psammitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="demirsoyi">
<emphasis id="C4A21BC25AAB04E18011A75311B12C54" italics="true">P. demirsoyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="78822CCA18D215A345D3AF536FDDA47B" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1364.1.2" author="Demir H &amp; Topçu A &amp; Türkeş T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="45-49" refId="B3" refString="Demir H, Topcu A, Turkes T (2006) A new species of the genus Xysticus C. L. Koch from Turkey (Araneae: Thomisidae). Zootaxa 1364: 45 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1364.1. 2" title="A new species of the genus Xysticus C. L. Koch from Turkey (Araneae: Thomisidae)." volume="1364" year="2006">Demir, Topçu &amp; Türkes, 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="724CB5B9741B3555384922788914B9E7" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="93900997553D1DAF4890E9F37DFCF8CE" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1364.1.2" author="Demir" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Demir" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="45-49" refId="B3" refString="Demir H, Topçu A, Türkeş T (2006) A new species of the genus Xysticus C. L. Koch from Turkey (Araneae: Thomisidae). Zootaxa 1364: 45–49. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1364.1.2" title="A new species of the genus Xysticus C. L. Koch from Turkey (Araneae: Thomisidae)." volume="1364" year="2006">Demir et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
: figs 1–2, 5–7). The males of the new species can be distinguished from those of
<taxonomicName id="E2C9CC8AE3A61DF748F2A72948756C98" baseAuthorityName="Hahn" baseAuthorityYear="1832" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Thomisus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sabulosus">
<emphasis id="862FF17A0F14160292476E4AA0FAE630" italics="true">P. sabulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a bow tie-shaped very short and broad embolus tip (vs. long and thin), a longer basal embolus, and a larger tutacular apophysis. From the males of
<taxonomicName id="4D9EC2AB96DF02C1AC188E9AF41B99C1" baseAuthorityName="Demir, Topcu &amp; Turkes" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Psammitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="demirsoyi">
<emphasis id="6373CD2E6DC411EB51AB8C117DBBD426" italics="true">P. demirsoyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, those of
<taxonomicName id="C057FAFAFBB393CACE706A7D5CA5525A" authorityName="Seropian &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Psammitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abuliensis" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="C4B67D9F905DE4221D2EF49E97888E48" italics="true">P. abuliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="73404D3080A66B4318CED57A9D7FDBD9" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished by the presence of a large tutacular apophysis (vs. absence) and a bow tie-shaped very short and broad embolus tip (vs. differently shaped longer and thinner) (Figs
<figureCitation id="686C37CD244C26BFFD9D709E49DC8616" captionStart="Figures 1–5" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1–5. Psammitis abuliensis sp. nov., male (1 holotype, dorsal habitus 2 paratype, dorsal habitus 3 left palp, ventral view 4 ditto, retrolateral view 5 tip of embolus, rotated). Scale bars: 2 mm (1–2); 0.2 mm (3–4); 0.1 mm (5)." figureDoi="10.3897/caucasiana.3.e120656.figures1-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038434">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="AFD763D0B520DDA2F9549059204AE667" captionStart="Figures 1–5" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1–5. Psammitis abuliensis sp. nov., male (1 holotype, dorsal habitus 2 paratype, dorsal habitus 3 left palp, ventral view 4 ditto, retrolateral view 5 tip of embolus, rotated). Scale bars: 2 mm (1–2); 0.2 mm (3–4); 0.1 mm (5)." figureDoi="10.3897/caucasiana.3.e120656.figures1-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038434">5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EUOAC" type="description">
<paragraph id="985B73C1E942A6AEFE9CB7EE45903EA4">
<heading id="08A3342CCBF609BF27068B5C9D752496" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B5C8FF3C2B26BB898E7B2BBA46C9847">
Male (
<typeStatus id="A651BA9A43EEC56D3711A56727B76995" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
/
<typeStatus id="F0568A2503A2334FB2FD3FCCD313FC11" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
). Total length: 6.90 / 6.85; Carapace: 3.41 / 3.39 long, 3.35 / 3.35 wide; Abdomen: 3.80 / 3.85 long, 3.30 / 3.32 wide; Clypeal height: 0.35 / 0.34; Clypeus with 15 long and robust bristles; Cheliceral length: 1.15 / 1.15;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1OAC" xlink_title="anterior median eyes">AME</abbrev>
: 0.11 / 0.11;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5OAC" xlink_title="anterior lateral eyes">ALE</abbrev>
: 0.20 / 0.20;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECPAC" xlink_title="posterior median eyes">PME</abbrev>
: 0.11 / 0.11;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EGPAC" xlink_title="posterior lateral eyes">PLE</abbrev>
: 0.14 / 0.14. Color and pattern as shown in Figs
<figureCitation id="950D18F3E4DDA9D0B5AC9D2C09259148" captionStart="Figures 1–5" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1–5. Psammitis abuliensis sp. nov., male (1 holotype, dorsal habitus 2 paratype, dorsal habitus 3 left palp, ventral view 4 ditto, retrolateral view 5 tip of embolus, rotated). Scale bars: 2 mm (1–2); 0.2 mm (3–4); 0.1 mm (5)." figureDoi="10.3897/caucasiana.3.e120656.figures1-5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038434">4–5</figureCitation>
. Sternum yellow, with irregular dark spots. Leg coloration:
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EOPAC" xlink_title="femur">Fe</abbrev>
and
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESPAC" xlink_title="patella">Pa</abbrev>
I – IV dark brown (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWPAC" xlink_title="femur">Fe</abbrev>
and
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1PAC" xlink_title="patella">Pa</abbrev>
III – IV apically lightened),
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5PAC" xlink_title="tibia">Ti</abbrev>
,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDAAE" xlink_title="metatarsus">Mt</abbrev>
, and
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EHAAE" xlink_title="tarsus">Ta</abbrev>
I – IV dark yellow (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELAAE" xlink_title="tibia">Ti</abbrev>
I – II basally darkened). Leg measurements and spination as in Tables
<tableCitation id="15A17F7237C2EF5D3E0C2712D9CA92E6" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Length (mm) of leg segments. Male (holotype / paratype)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/691244BBE8A121399AA8AACAF5D0D2D6" tableUuid="691244BBE8A121399AA8AACAF5D0D2D6">2</tableCitation>
and
<tableCitation id="3F7E5635B59CFB1B312F16E1B0C2EB89" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Leg spination." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F3BEA5D6950BB65E7F73F6123E05FBD1" tableUuid="F3BEA5D6950BB65E7F73F6123E05FBD1">3</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="917AD5B1FEAFD94E29AF0D015A81C250">Female unknown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC21EE0D5FE57FF1D83E8462BA51598A">
<emphasis id="918DC3E32950E528937C4E05B07A0C1E" bold="true">Etymology</emphasis>
. The specific epithet is an adjective referring to the
<typeStatus id="1F306C902B4C2210A7205C82D66C6C41">type</typeStatus>
locality of the new species in Akhalkalaki municipality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B7A9744F5B16DB04AA74CB91892792B">
<emphasis id="78EE34DFE95A348275F2544998D3E7FE" bold="true">Habitat</emphasis>
.
<specimenCount id="0A1981720DF83F9F552A0781B72139F7" count="2" type="male">Two males</specimenCount>
of the new species were obtained by hand collecting under the small stones on a mountaintop (Figs
<figureCitation id="3D5FC152879789C499A3872E145A54E3" captionStart="Figures 6–7" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 6–7. Type locality of Psammitis abuliensis sp. nov. in Georgia, Didi Abuli Mt. (6 – sampling area; 7 – sampling plot)." figureDoi="10.3897/caucasiana.3.e120656.figures6-7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038436">6–7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BEBC022AA0C0D860C7AE59D7ADB25168">
<emphasis id="91ACCEB17146F258E6A7C482B1307091" bold="true">Distribution</emphasis>
. Known from the
<typeStatus id="52603672C589D6FE42D0C34421397F2D">type</typeStatus>
locality only.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F3E4CA5287999E9412178FB90D3686A7">
<emphasis id="F80C44B28834BEEA933475C903AC21C1" bold="true">Barcoding results</emphasis>
. Two identical barcodes were obtained from the specimens with CaBOL-IDs 1012780 and 1012781 (
<ext-link id="C07D6D035B9F9CFEE06B06BE2AC1C2EF" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:AFP6894" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="DBDE879C35AE49763CF870D175974123">BOLD</collectionCode>
: AFP 6894
</ext-link>
) with the nearest neighbor in the
<collectionCode id="6F9A937BC65A65DEFA071761660EA095">BOLD</collectionCode>
Systems
<taxonomicName id="7A0C03E423B808F9DBEF6AB4FBC47281" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1872" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Psammitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ninnii">
<emphasis id="81368E99524D6A92A15CB8CEC9D3C2EC" italics="true">P. ninnii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="97ECEAA4B16D8DD69A0C1B1C5941DDD2" name="Spain">Spain</collectingCountry>
with a private status (
<emphasis id="A004509479A641DAD8F64BDD014F1B53" italics="true">p</emphasis>
- distance 6.3 %).
</paragraph>
<caption id="CB155967A5B6E1750CC5BD13F9601EF2" ID-DOI="10.3897/caucasiana.3.e120656.figures1-5" ID-arpha="58E33139-A408-5E01-9401-18AD8820A5C0" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038434" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="436558A6092376C62CE82279474C1D05">
<label id="D0D8BB98822618B0138322D7A4F8E045">Figures 1–5.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E53315956B1E6133F9AB3E48A949035">
<taxonomicName id="EBEEA453FF7378F8A2C28CFF2F2A7FA1" authorityName="Seropian &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Psammitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abuliensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="AE35AE5D407E794C4F120538A554C458" italics="true">Psammitis abuliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="630A99B1F12CA93D521ACFFAFBC6C0BF" bold="true">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32FC2FE7C8E26BCB4E2AA78600FAE18D" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, male (
<emphasis id="52E06103EF93CA986B069B655466B8CE" bold="true">1</emphasis>
holotype, dorsal habitus
<emphasis id="50C5B464EB1CB7971BDA42E4C4128FB5" bold="true">2</emphasis>
paratype, dorsal habitus
<emphasis id="C66CDFA4BBF57075E8624DBE07F6073C" bold="true">3</emphasis>
left palp, ventral view
<emphasis id="55932F5F81E97FB949EFD03E7E0875F1" bold="true">4</emphasis>
ditto, retrolateral view
<emphasis id="FE8E294D1BCE67F9B050B180C3353BE8" bold="true">5</emphasis>
tip of embolus, rotated). Scale bars: 2 mm (1–2); 0.2 mm (3–4); 0.1 mm (5).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="691244BBE8A121399AA8AACAF5D0D2D6" ID-Table-UUID="691244BBE8A121399AA8AACAF5D0D2D6" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/691244BBE8A121399AA8AACAF5D0D2D6" startId="T2">
<paragraph id="DAA95A9BCD6FD2AB6E5DB3BE227BA0BD">
<label id="CCF9F8E583A44069B2E5B6D3708B5A13">Table 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D08536D44EFE045698896DFA8D5E595F">Length (mm) of leg segments. Male (holotype / paratype).</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A7630FE10036306662884EFCA41BA42D">
<table id="TID0EQCAG" rules="all">
<tbody id="AB33F87963E685AAF1BED7F1EDEBFB3B">
<tr id="E5326D1D83B61F4E7400D9A49646123C">
<th id="2B0D0D4DD7D425E05A1148D0ECCA3505" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th id="128E8D854E421364A3BED2C55917667D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESRAG" xlink_title="femur">Fe</abbrev>
</th>
<th id="E8A650311E000EEFC1D3658BA32F093A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1RAG" xlink_title="patella">Pa</abbrev>
</th>
<th id="C5F85C9493968B9AC21BC890463FF478" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECSAG" xlink_title="tibia">Ti</abbrev>
</th>
<th id="5EEEAED5166954D5E8B0B57B448A78EE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EKSAG" xlink_title="metatarsus">Mt</abbrev>
</th>
<th id="3C01BD9E410A83F9BA95749C19B416DD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESSAG" xlink_title="tarsus">Ta</abbrev>
</th>
<th id="717E91B7C9BF0D2B5DFF307BE2B9A92C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Total</th>
</tr>
<tr id="7ADFD28D0837E932487032E4FA9E9E90">
<td id="48DB42B9073D99EE5DDD354EF386DDEA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">I</td>
<td id="4105B8A15C5FA7022305CA0095F21994" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.51 / 3.51</td>
<td id="C5B51875BF2A99B9583F3C3B73C9F0C7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.42 / 1.41</td>
<td id="BDAF82FF4A568E9846405CD93F2C526D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.60 / 2.58</td>
<td id="C911E0637BEB3BA72DDF7BBDCF75DF60" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.50 / 2.50</td>
<td id="8C470F7D820CB0B87111FD8EB1E7BF60" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.21 / 1.20</td>
<td id="246B6F735FB5766FB84093EB54EC6780" colspan="1" rowspan="1">11.24 / 11.20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F0B76B75D6FB1330228EE27715F76C0D">
<td id="0D32C63AB8A33F443539C66DA5367B2C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">II</td>
<td id="C7F567404438D52A2CB54585D2CBF7C9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.31 / 3.30</td>
<td id="9179A27698E0899FF2395DBD2E52CAC1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.52 / 1.52</td>
<td id="27449E0FD1ACDB1E36C4168ABC632506" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.52 / 2.50</td>
<td id="05107C39882E8B4AE9F81AA02E518257" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.11 / 2.11</td>
<td id="417669FABAB47F1999ABB848AB83FFD2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.21 / 1.21</td>
<td id="969369D79303A988F72D957CF396868A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10.67 / 10.64</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3C2F3996B689FA72EA7EF39CEBBBF12C">
<td id="F65BACFF6CEB3C4887D0E082B0CAE169" colspan="1" rowspan="1">III</td>
<td id="8CDAF24B9240C5CA4AD79E6DE42A1531" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.55 / 1.53</td>
<td id="771735D07815D885C666E2AC9F3D220D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.11 / 1.11</td>
<td id="06ABDBC9AF42078FB5C21722F871764A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.04 / 2.02</td>
<td id="A78698F912DAF4A8589269F2441A69F9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.72 / 1.71</td>
<td id="B864A8CD2BBE079DE078F0CBC954041E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.04 / 1.04</td>
<td id="166CEDC6A48ACA2001A016AF15797FD1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.46 / 7.41</td>
</tr>
<tr id="BD00E8D57BC9EA0805B24A1DE3970CED">
<td id="EB40EB83D4DB0D5B494574A06423EDCF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">IV</td>
<td id="D4ED9E384AD5A0D6BDD47D7130A6FFA4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.25 / 2.22</td>
<td id="CB45A5795F50C204E09F0A0D0B810C06" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.02 / 0.98</td>
<td id="E2DC7E2C9E6E4818C7467AB3091B3679" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2.11 / 2.09</td>
<td id="73275A6730B71DFFF33CD043A89C2B84" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.80 / 1.80</td>
<td id="D72758F965FAAF640A15183E7C516DB2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.02 / 1.02</td>
<td id="6B97E433E28988D97EC2503A5885C2B5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.20 / 8.11</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="F3BEA5D6950BB65E7F73F6123E05FBD1" ID-Table-UUID="F3BEA5D6950BB65E7F73F6123E05FBD1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F3BEA5D6950BB65E7F73F6123E05FBD1" startId="T3">
<paragraph id="FE70AA233A1600E79141A67E4AE78908">
<label id="76C20C13BCD4FDB4FB0C68E6A99A3C57">Table 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A5E4B274AE369B56D14DB9F4B1BC963F">Leg spination.</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="052EFC3555E3748828797390D81E3E53">
<table id="TID0EPIAG" rules="all">
<tbody id="B1523CD2546511309CC6209A1348638F">
<tr id="93953B811DB42BAA6CF0F39822CE1B38">
<th id="992AB7D78254CB57D3CD9363A689367D" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th id="516570E3A6BAB57B47E55D4B9259E4B2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFWAG" xlink_title="femur">Fe</abbrev>
</th>
<th id="B079414BDFE216BFC09DFD5455410836" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENWAG" xlink_title="tibia">Ti</abbrev>
</th>
<th id="16B2DC8CA62C086BE04CA197F1464859" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EVWAG" xlink_title="metatarsus">Mt</abbrev>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="0791A19F8839C69C08498465895671AB">
<td id="336F70D5FFF78204EA02BA599B65551E" colspan="1" rowspan="2">I</td>
<td id="A003C8BB6EDDA89512020081313B4C53" colspan="1" rowspan="2">d 0-1 - 1 - 1 - 1 p 11</td>
<td id="AAF4D2348A9AB365CC32F41C0F654220" colspan="1" rowspan="1">p 1-1 - 1 r 1-1 - 1</td>
<td id="B3A1C9AFC47773599F1827BFE998C619" colspan="1" rowspan="1">p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 ap r 1-1 - 1 - 2 ap</td>
</tr>
<tr id="604C9A56A242AAEC287C6311A67B8271">
<td id="86CD3A6749146294FE6A5DD4015556A4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">v 2-1 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 1 - 2 ap</td>
<td id="872825DC365BB889D206E49CC66DB03A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">v 1-1 - 2 - 1 - 1 - 1 ap</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D85A466AF58F4E36AD8359B4D2ABD32B">
<td id="500328AA60755FBCFADDC81D0271E692" colspan="1" rowspan="2">II</td>
<td id="FACE09A99274551EC5B620EEAD241F3E" colspan="1" rowspan="2">d 1-1 - 2 - 1 - 1</td>
<td id="70CA7B707FF0A73CFFC212F26AF7E9F8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">p 1 - 1 - 1 r 1-1 - 1</td>
<td id="893C12F1BDFFF750ACFE8A90E88C5EC3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 ap r 1-1 - 1 ap</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9F6FF2B1718D3C7BE4532B803F4BAAEB">
<td id="DD93DD969BB5E52C9637000212BD3D3A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">v 2-1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 2 ap</td>
<td id="24644771440E24E4DC8D38751D5DA031" colspan="1" rowspan="1">v 11-2 ap</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AFC070A5AEEA73D6E504BDC743B73DFA">
<td id="D70A0082160AE92B828F28E2FB295ACB" colspan="1" rowspan="2">III</td>
<td id="92ABE90CF7AD8B74D0BC180CF54839C6" colspan="1" rowspan="2">d 0-1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1</td>
<td id="9B819AFD44C395FE6D416C0F6DA0D085" colspan="1" rowspan="1">p 1 - 1 - 1 ap r 1-1 - 0</td>
<td id="A585CFDA3FD573432B04401F5A37E8E8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">p 1 - 1 - 1 ap r 1-1 - 1 ap</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F5021A782E34810F481B4406B68D7DCB">
<td id="CD7368ED285A9A87724F8C25BC25C366" colspan="1" rowspan="1">v 1-1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1</td>
<td id="9A5570F8F37D4EACB6709D6296D8961B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">v 2 - 2 - 2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6109C79F99229051E1235D06CD01B6BA">
<td id="C454B219353ED391A316E53112909AE6" colspan="1" rowspan="2">IV</td>
<td id="090FABDCDB95A939133F995E9C6CE169" colspan="1" rowspan="2">d 1-1 - 1</td>
<td id="242D642945329B4593BE75A59ACB5076" colspan="1" rowspan="1">p 1 - 1 r 1-1 - 1</td>
<td id="4DE6494D2490520BB197EE6F4F8E593F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">p 1-1 - 1 ap r 1-1 - 1 ap</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1CAD9885EFB53DCC1188D789B7303DDE">
<td id="CE0DB02CB04912F5F9934EB3E3473AC3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">v 1-1 - 1 - 1 - 2 ap</td>
<td id="2ECBD9159EC0A4D77CCE0CCA03802ACD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">v 1-1 - 1 - 1 - 2 ap</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="65E99ED2AEE5A0D360756A2A4C9412C9" ID-DOI="10.3897/caucasiana.3.e120656.figures6-7" ID-arpha="3186EAA4-85B6-50A7-910F-6835401DF49F" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038436" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="A3F38C3531E164A336AF06F316BC19A2">
<label id="7B4CBBED0C7DDE055FA2168771832759">Figures 6–7.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A7F45869C724C8F9EE615113DDF460A">
Type locality of
<taxonomicName id="5CF61262D766E992D85B484E01A2FDB4" authorityName="Seropian &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2024" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Psammitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abuliensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="42922B0D51EF83B590528D286FD1C872" italics="true">Psammitis abuliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5A97B95EC09E2C9768A5670D77EED910" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in Georgia, Didi Abuli Mt. (6 – sampling area; 7 – sampling plot).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

200
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<subSubSection id="24E7EAED0C6F33BCDA704E9223A895FC" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3F986A2B519E693B8825D77F8AA175CC">
<taxonomicName id="0053CF956AB64ABFED43969F810D8275" ID-CoL="8DHT4" authority="Wulker, 1956" authorityName="Wulker" authorityYear="1956" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Psectrocladius" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schlienzi">
<emphasis id="C997092F200031BFE2366F7E9B666952" italics="true">Psectrocladius</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="E88BD50707CE1846F736D9F69CC5990F" italics="true">schlienzi</emphasis>
Wülker, 1956
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EEEAG" type="material">
<paragraph id="13A799B1A8E918BB39D26D1792289F66">
<heading id="AD5F27547E9C05BF7FADD1678962BDCE" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="30C2B9E1EF89441DB44E6321CFB033A7">
<materialsCitation id="7F062048D490CB0EC5EF93EDD4E50DC4" collectingDate="2018-12-04" collectionCode="BOLD" collectorName="X. Lin" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.1106" location="Gross Barmen" longLatPrecision="14" longitude="16.745" specimenCode="NAMCH 055-20, ACK 4896" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">
<collectingCountry id="B131319E00EBD50796552A9B51BACDD8" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="B8916B46A65AAC2BD51B31BC24A0A49A" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="757A74105BBF13D4CAA4097D3D7DA0B0" country="Namibia" name="Otjozondjupa">OTJOZONDJUPA</collectingRegion>
;
<location id="4FBE638AA24212906DABF79122B3A8A2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:323E8AC8951E53908DC0C9F72C700492:4FBE638AA24212906DABF79122B3A8A2" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.1106" longLatPrecision="14" longitude="16.745" name="Gross Barmen" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">Gross Barmen</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ENEAG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[16.745000,-22.110600]}">
<geoCoordinate id="EBA7C2842DED51CD951A0833F36865B5" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="38.16" value="-22.1106">22 ° 6 ' 38.16 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="560CE19C6416FF304DA9F79909B563D8" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="16.745">16 ° 44 ' 42 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="E6BB684CB0BF0F5399D3CCEFE5C44A8E" value="2018-12-04">
<collectingDate id="2FB4EBD6F0B029D0B19E56BF753BA987" value="2018-12-04">4 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="53AD717E284ED751FF2A0241EDF336C7">X. Lin</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="BAE9A543ADF9DCC7A1141BA36006D04D">sweep net</collectingMethod>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESEAG" xlink_title="College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University">
<collectingRegion id="07059680106740460ECCCCAA3E4A4567" country="Namibia" name="SHOU">SHOU</collectingRegion>
</abbrev>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWEAG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="AD60DF5643074A308EDDB5F2FC9D415B">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
specimen code: NAM 65;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1EAG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="EFC61301BF52E07BB55CDA9F632D0FF9">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
sequence ID:
<ext-link id="C637C8954DEF339A64AE46470E636430" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMCH055-20" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="4457F890F6676283B33CE3AD4B9962FE" collectionCode="NAMCH">NAMCH 055-20</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDFAG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="D46248D169C1A2937A9DF9B8967D55DE">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
BIN:
<ext-link id="2C628C960AC33A4DD4BEB6662A666B52" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:ACK4896" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="67C684A3A66C36294D3596A87D5A5B6F">BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="05260B5E4E056209D65816B6B309DB27" collectionCode="BOLD">ACK 4896</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EMFAG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DC8C1BA08383459A59D8E513157437AA">
<heading id="1F69431F47E85FEDA17F5ECA0257865D" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA608B8E70E13A0FA4EB47191175FE97">
This is the first record of the species from
<collectingCountry id="2BB422F9F16267B634033A59C02C739F" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, but numerous representatives of the same BIN were previously recorded from
<collectingCountry id="EBA68B7926301CBF499615046F11D129" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<ext-link id="782671129A2BDF30C467053F3F193DB7" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:ACK4896" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="4AE80497616E0E903CD40345C41A43B2">BOLD</collectionCode>
: ACK 4896
</ext-link>
,
<bibRefCitation id="7D646AA17CB66F14FDE15843126CDBDE" author="Freeman" firstAuthor="Freeman" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="285-368" refId="B16" refString="Freeman P (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 4: 285–368." title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="4" year="1956">Freeman 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D7130EAFD9F5CE9543579CC900CA517A" DOI="10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" author="Freeman and Cranston" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pagination="323-329" refId="B20" refString="Freeman P, Cranston P (1980) Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175–202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species. Oriental Insects 39 (1): 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" title="Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175-202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species." volume="39" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="35459E58118421E9C91BE40E6E9358D2" author="Curtis" firstAuthor="Curtis" journalOrPublisher="Madoqua" pagination="163-187" refId="B4" refString="Curtis B (1991) Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia. Madoqua 1991: 163–187." title="Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia." volume="1991" year="1991">Curtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE630C7C8E10B759DC5271E5DEB9D28" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="96BDC353143B8EC381DCCE59CDCA7AD1" author="Ashe and O'Connor" firstAuthor="Ashe" refId="B3" refString="Ashe P, O’Connor JP (2012) A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Díptera). Part 2. Orthocladiinae. Two volumes (Sections A, B). Irish Biogeographical Society, Dublin, [14] + [xvi +] 468 pp., [6] + 500 pp." year="2012">Ashe and O’Connor 2012</bibRefCitation>
). It is worth noting that this species is otherwise distributed in the Palaearctic (
<collectingCountry id="CFAAF53F8794BFF70BEC078061C4C62B" name="Austria">Austria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="95B701F34124FD60D2FF5C8155D9C289" name="Denmark">Denmark</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E55806BD8478CD0DE131AAE49CEDB174" name="Finland">Finland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A55DF9603029D5B5D33B8E0CF9126B3A" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C4958468697E1581BEE0E1B8DB8FDE09" name="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0E64AE23DF2D66C8ECF9AE8AD9F36911" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B7D223B7914E6C68C6CA3D36751C08B2" name="Moldova">Moldova</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E27240A0C38D35292F16B0F91F8B5238" name="Mongolia">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="54816B7ADB18F04DBBF0456A6E323FDF" name="Netherlands">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="93B0164069FF27FE651189031DAD61B9" name="Norway">Norway</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0EFD7DCCC99F38CE9F653272D6054270" name="Portugal">Portugal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="91AEEA2B815455F9B5D2B071142B8FF7" name="Slovakia">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="79C89E424B67CE02FFA007B3D921764A" name="Spain">Spain</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D4EBBBBD19815F47E6A0696AB01F5804" name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F1B98EAAE2CAB47C5747DC82C1953B66" name="Switzerland">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="4E6B2F31B202547D4CEA215C172C7DD5" author="Ashe and O'Connor" firstAuthor="Ashe" refId="B3" refString="Ashe P, O’Connor JP (2012) A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Díptera). Part 2. Orthocladiinae. Two volumes (Sections A, B). Irish Biogeographical Society, Dublin, [14] + [xvi +] 468 pp., [6] + 500 pp." year="2012">Ashe and O’Connor 2012</bibRefCitation>
). It is, therefore, worth considering that the specimen that we have found belongs to a yet undescribed species of
<taxonomicName id="E18F075EF44FC0831616B7AFC5DBCD22" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Psectrocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="3F45C7281AFDF501D6F86123C6B40A4A" italics="true">Psectrocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
related to
<taxonomicName id="CF426FDAA209E702DF5656AA44D269EC" authorityName="Wulker" authorityYear="1956" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Psectrocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schlienzi">
<emphasis id="41CA88B5DCE2E5C7BE1FAA71098F9F30" italics="true">P. schlienzi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. More material is needed before we can test this hypothesis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

323
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<document id="CEF57ADB13C0FECC97E9302ED43B7BE5" ID-DOI="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920" ID-ZooBank="CD3A2816-4574-42F6-AF5D-442E232B4239" ID-publisher-id="111920" URI-arpha="6EA720D4-2CFD-5102-BD6B-B9BC90A46948" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/CD3A2816-4574-42F6-AF5D-442E232B4239" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1723473573166" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Baranov, Viktor, Lin, Xiaolong, Hübner, Jeremy &amp; Chimeno, Caroline" docDate="2024" docId="3C0FBE1E073A5F08A0014C6D1F609019" docLanguage="en" docName="African Invertebrates 65(1): 13-36" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 65 (1)" docSource="https://africaninvertebrates.pensoft.net/article/111920/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Chironomus transvaalensis Kieffer 1923" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="6EA720D42CFD5102BD6BB9BC90A46948" masterDocTitle="Uncovering the hidden diversity of non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) from central Namibia, using morphology and DNA barcodes" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1723474076515" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0309DE7D22CB25D080228B50D26B3E42">Uncovering the hidden diversity of non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) from central Namibia, using morphology and DNA barcodes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="24E0DD674206727B4942EC04B806C0F9">Baranov, Viktor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B33BAEE461CF8D37B7E44C285FCDAC03">Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC / Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Seville, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="907623EB8C4CB34D017A9B9C3CCDF9B4">Lin, Xiaolong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6009CD14B8754B06D3757472F421CB40">Engineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="26E16BD91BB169213180FB0AEA0E70C0">Hübner, Jeremy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="37E6826A936D76B8473064AF8BB6E04B">Chimeno, Caroline</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D9F8F96ECC95CB1131F5314D14AA4B38">African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="92DBE7EFD2793CCBDA74CBDF030630D0">2024</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="1AE65FC1CFE40DEB777BD37AAFA66055">
<taxonomicName id="0E6EB7212271AF1E838648D493C92BDE" ID-CoL="8BGF8" authority="Kieffer, 1923" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">
<emphasis id="1A01E2AB90A040C43686AE76727760B7" italics="true">Chironomus transvaalensis</emphasis>
Kieffer, 1923
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8CED8A4F4B2A1D8032F49513DD85925C" type="description">
<paragraph id="EF1521EF64B2249634D5FF9FBE097890">
<figureCitation id="056C9B4B4BEC1A6508B95F02F059637D" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Chironomini, adult males A, B Chironomus transvaalensis C Chironomus calipterus D Dicrotendipes septemmaculatus E Kiefferulus brevipalpis F Parachironomus acutus G Paracladopelma rhodesianus H Polypedilum abyssiniae A, C – H hypopygia B head." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038072">Fig. 10 A, B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="542429A5D9B34082904FB8F00838FB24">
<heading id="A0994B20EB184C854E791405E650403A" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5040AAF1345285CED9D64CA12B7DB1AE">
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•
<specimenCount id="0F9F8A98B6F76BFB8C9B512E31307DD0" count="30" type="male">30 ♂</specimenCount>
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<materialsCitation id="52B5382AA145ABABAE4909A648A7D7B7" collectingDate="2018-12-04" collectionCode="NMNW" collectorName="G. M. Kvifte" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.2532" location="Dustenbrook" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.9004" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-female="14" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">
<specimenCount id="3508952A28F3256003FF3B286E3EB81D" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="D3893B18BDDC4F689201357634E0E277" count="14" type="female">14 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="99B91A759C9CF147DFBC14799C1CDD9D" country="Namibia" name="Otjozondjupa">OTJOZONDJUPA</collectingRegion>
;
<location id="796D5BCB0092D6BE1934C9089D60E294" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3C0FBE1E073A5F08A0014C6D1F609019:796D5BCB0092D6BE1934C9089D60E294" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.2532" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.9004" name="Dustenbrook" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">Düstenbrook</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EZTBG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[16.900400,-22.253200]}">
<geoCoordinate id="B458BE5B95818AEBC228543CF7D7FB5B" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="11.52" value="-22.2532">22 ° 15 ' 11.52 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="88643CBFE81E8BD641070A9D402C24B4" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="1.44" value="16.9004">16 ° 54 ' 1.44 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="A5BD10B23F818FF9F43B9494EFA67147" value="2018-12-04">
<collectingDate id="08E9DF3E86D3E802F8BD80D295009257" value="2018-12-04">4 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="2CA33CC2359E9705BA5A93B38B9404D4">G. M. Kvifte</collectorName>
leg.;
<named-content id="69C574F8B87511C60EFB985A8ED4306A" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectionCode id="E353A989639B2B5102490B208EDF6675" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" type="">NMNW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1C1A160F0E8E6B6380FA25E6004A354F" ID-DOI="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure10" ID-arpha="1F69D0CA-89BA-5F45-9C0A-CD64F0155A92" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038072" startId="F10">
<paragraph id="029394F2BF50554BD448A79C6BC0986D">
<label id="D9B61C240F02A51B8FD602E25E3F33DE">Figure 10.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AB9B891FECD20C71D06D354DDDE3D1EA">
<taxonomicName id="D662C92EB707582AADCBAE299001D727" authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chironomini">Chironomini</taxonomicName>
, adult males
<emphasis id="0453B75D4B9E1C63069F94B1EF8D4D86" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A5B7062467901AB91B7133FB76F55D8F" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transvaalensis">
<emphasis id="EF98CBD35667421966ED976CCADAEBF6" italics="true">Chironomus transvaalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B0DC06F66F5BFA93B4296BEB334AAC5B" bold="true">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D31762E54CF9BEDF69EFC96B5E653F75" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calipterus">
<emphasis id="C29970775FB60044146EF38723E82AD4" italics="true">Chironomus calipterus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="AD055E702C30468F789EEFF857502C49" bold="true">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EC84A56E31F18C2B26A21EE31D6DA02B" baseAuthorityName="Becker" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septemmaculatus">
<emphasis id="A95B30058F4550B8604D41ACA2AE0B83" italics="true">Dicrotendipes septemmaculatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="3848AD330D6AE6F171D85E4025DD73AF" bold="true">E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6F81B3A990C922B671AD5A91E053D30C" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Kiefferulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpis">
<emphasis id="06B6226D4B02A079CFCC9AA3D40B65CA" italics="true">Kiefferulus brevipalpis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="339087DECAA9AF75C5E84FEE63087CC3" bold="true">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E230D155F198BDD932B0937F381BB370" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutus">
<emphasis id="34DAB0F63088A1AA38986CA1E2EE8BFE" italics="true">Parachironomus acutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0577CD272C30C486F34DBF41A122D805" bold="true">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FC8B416DA8095A8265B31B90A4E6BEC0" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paracladopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesianus">
<emphasis id="E208733609CB76D80A73FD48FBF76706" italics="true">Paracladopelma rhodesianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="8999DB983494A8F4A28E9B75503F4604" bold="true">H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="ABF9679185E261AA24A733C46F026FC4" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abyssiniae">
<emphasis id="60DA041DB06F1CAF3FA7B0E0E324038C" italics="true">Polypedilum abyssiniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4ED77A6E4F4B9EB7C96A14CB25ECC54A" bold="true">A, C – H</emphasis>
hypopygia
<emphasis id="667A740FEBEE2BD9554653EAD7704259" bold="true">B</emphasis>
head.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETXBG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="37F0DFCCF99717A483591E4C40C2C129">
<heading id="97ADF56B6415FBEC80C085329187C478" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D065FF303E7CD6ACA0AD3EB694EBEC9">
The species is widely distributed in
<collectingCountry id="3ACD1B8F4445790B6C201D417D5C83B1" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
and the rest of the Afrotropics, as well as southern Palaearctic (
<bibRefCitation id="693C1DD0D3DF87149E3CEFE0F63DD6B3" author="Lindner" firstAuthor="Lindner" journalOrPublisher="Journa of South West African Scientific Society" pagination="75-86" refId="B30" refString="Lindner E (1976) Zur Kenntnis der Dipterenfauna Sudwestafrikas. VI VIII. Journa of South West African Scientific Society 30: 75–86." title="Zur Kenntnis der Dipterenfauna Sudwestafrikas. VI VIII." volume="30" year="1976">Lindner 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="51EB8BC24FD9B831FEB5CAC385026E74" author="Curtis" firstAuthor="Curtis" journalOrPublisher="Madoqua" pagination="163-187" refId="B4" refString="Curtis B (1991) Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia. Madoqua 1991: 163–187." title="Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia." volume="1991" year="1991">Curtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="072288D3BD819C3BE5ADC9E5A79C3D63" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

376
data/3C/D0/97/3CD09753CB5654D9A9F9BE4E045C391A.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
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<mods:title id="BCB5A2AEE60FD6ADC86DE6647F821B7E">Uncovering the hidden diversity of non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) from central Namibia, using morphology and DNA barcodes</mods:title>
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<mods:role id="DB65DDB3667541E70951886F01614720">
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<mods:namePart id="3A211295973ED516DCA20D1F0A48D369">Baranov, Viktor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E0CA9056887AD6F3BDF5EC35FF7AED42">Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC / Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Seville, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6F4F5BA09E2894DF5050679BB48D1209">Lin, Xiaolong</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="161C7AD898F2FF6C3F7A03D2E9D59532" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6544-6204</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="E14FE51B3EE895F3978D13AAA5E015BC">Engineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="19B06A08E3925443ABC4A948F9B38114">Hübner, Jeremy</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F1FF0ECEED8280FA513FA9591AF0A383" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5624-8573</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F301BF643827E87516AEEBF6DC8761AE">Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB-ZSM), Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="2BFFEEC4AE796693993A6AB7016A4C08">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8B67A008AE01409B7F1965655D2AB37E">65</mods:number>
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<treatment id="3CD09753CB5654D9A9F9BE4E045C391A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306053" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13306053" ID-arpha="3CD09753-CB56-54D9-A9F9-BE4E045C391A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3CD09753CB5654D9A9F9BE4E045C391A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3CD09753CB5654D9A9F9BE4E045C391A">
<subSubSection id="B82873219B9F8CF18383CE89B2D76F34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C00FCAA6B272D9E5CECF3DF7E42765E5">
<taxonomicName id="6AEBF023BB0D3119EEC401FEEDCB866E" ID-CoL="VQGC" authority="(Goetghebuer, 1934)" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1934" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cladotanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomancus">
<emphasis id="F0E3A56D01170B4C9603E4679803DC30" italics="true">Cladotanytarsus pseudomancus</emphasis>
(Goetghebuer, 1934)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61B619D52B09E6651D9DD5C7168F6E4D" type="description">
<paragraph id="9DD4B5934DF942F268227BD50C85D77D">
<figureCitation id="E3E6EFB7A48576CEE54534A5425ECE0D" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Tanytarsini, adult males, hypopygia A, B Cladotanytarsus pseudomancus C Tanytarsus pallidulus D Tanytarsus bifurcus." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038071">Fig. 9 A, B</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EE5AG" type="material">
<paragraph id="FE8D2597AE4D4A6F2F1D670C84CD2EE9">
<heading id="773259F8A92DE8660CD018D364E62925" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C1E4CE315463ED20E5967F06C35EC06">
<materialsCitation id="95B6ADE9E88E900E4D36793DDD523F76" collectingDate="2018-12-02" collectingDateMax="2018-12-10" collectingDateMin="2018-12-02" collectionCode="V, NMNW, BOLD" collectorName="Baranov" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.0148" location="Swakop river" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.953402" municipality="Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve" specimenCode="NAMOE 039-22, NAMOE 038-22, NAMOE 037-22, NAMOE 036-22, NAMOE 035-22, NAMCH 013-19, NAMCH 012-19, NAMCH 048-20, NAMOE 041-22, NAMOE 040-22, ACK 2243" specimenCount="501" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="500" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">
<collectingCountry id="94D42C0F97DDB2E5A3EAD66D2A92D162" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="DDF94E9006D56635C0525BBD6250F5E4" count="500" type="male">500 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="8882CF10454BFFD83431F173C42B78B7" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="9AB0BF3AA88037B302A181F3C8DD401D" country="Namibia" name="Otjozondjupa">OTJOZONDJUPA</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="C010288A5533160A2C8EC8DB46F22D59">Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="2B03CA570D92EB99B9DD4617BF3F7C14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3CD09753CB5654D9A9F9BE4E045C391A:2B03CA570D92EB99B9DD4617BF3F7C14" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.0148" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.953402" municipality="Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve" name="Swakop river" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">Swakop river</location>
outflow;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EN5AG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[16.953400,-22.014800]}">
<geoCoordinate id="70AD85B42E5624F475BE75D646940ED5" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="0" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="53.28" value="-22.0148">22 ° 0 ' 53.28 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="380B9566ADA5EB990F989291454418E4" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="12.24" value="16.953402">16 ° 57 ' 12.24 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="A0E2053AEF963FC17F9E47E05BE32C38" value="2018-12-02" valueMax="2018-12-10" valueMin="2018-12-02">
<collectingDate id="273B3B4883DCF997DFD2AE44248F3108" value="2018-12-02" valueMax="2018-12-10" valueMin="2018-12-02">2–10 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectingMethod id="8CE5B362CEBB320160B967DA3ACBBD22">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
;
<collectionCode id="6B0F26F1A289DA95D4F6BBE25EE32DC2" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="56A5EC9B2DCD10A780F0FE44AFFE2AF6">Baranov</collectorName>
leg.;
<named-content id="E0A8B14548212D72E005F138B606CF6B" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectionCode id="164C0DD1DCA39AC8ABD564E384310009" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" type="">NMNW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EW5AG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="812DC90FB4946AE6DE6C1026CF77540E">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
specimen code: NAM-Chiro 39; NAM-Chiro 38; NAM-Chiro 37; NAM-Chiro 36; NAM-Chiro 35: NAM 50; NAM 49; NAM 51; NAM-Chiro 41; NAM-Chiro 40;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E15AG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="D2FA176C3C9A88027AD5E7B8D404F9A7">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
sequence ID:
<ext-link id="AE778B524BC63D6499A50C265EF2C1E9" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMOE039-22" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="22727B4CA282B319558AD6812CC1697E" collectionCode="NAMOE">NAMOE 039-22</specimenCode>
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leg.;
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specimen code: NAM-Chiro 5;
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•
<materialsCitation id="B0266BED34F5DA8052739D3A51744AA0" collectingDate="2018-12-03" collectionCode="SHOU, BOLD" collectorName="X. Lin" country="Namibia" county="Windhoek" latitude="-22.529" location="Goreangab Reservoir" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.001" municipality="Arebbusch river" specimenCode="NAMCH 080-20, NAMCH 076-20, ACK 2243" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Khomas">
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leg.;
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•
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.
</paragraph>
<caption id="5927F8B5BF313653F0BB15BA245F8BB1" ID-DOI="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure9" ID-arpha="7AA8239F-ECE0-5A61-AB0C-E539D59817CB" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038071" startId="F9">
<paragraph id="FC83F94B78216CCC04E8B85AD83673C1">
<label id="363214B492765F5D1F601846CE933007">Figure 9.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F26C9A41BA73661C1D76A6B56C16EB3">
<taxonomicName id="1A64D069FADACEB725718948B9CA111A" authorityName="Zavrel" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Tanytarsini">Tanytarsini</taxonomicName>
, adult males, hypopygia
<emphasis id="87B560C6186F8B57026E11667ACF4EEB" bold="true">A, B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="46F78E348318944317A42F4702075F48" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1934" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cladotanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomancus">
<emphasis id="8FE873FEA9508F18AB4B144BCEB0C5C3" italics="true">Cladotanytarsus pseudomancus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="654885CB78030EFEA68BAD26A6E4B874" bold="true">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2721FF6FBCB6F4D28EFF2FEBE6AEAB5F" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1954" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidulus">
<emphasis id="4F6C31CA55D9B49BFDD23FBBDC6ADCD4" italics="true">Tanytarsus pallidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="391BC3ACBA0EED1DF01C5603C085BFBA" bold="true">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="30CDE1AF8485BBDEC517BBB09A3D69CF" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcus">
<emphasis id="02463DC983ECABE185E95E16144D3FB0" italics="true">Tanytarsus bifurcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHFBG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9329A8C7B011525F458242E7FE324B18">
<heading id="71158429112E2070D12E5A9959FC38F9" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8CC2A76DB32302EB8D65405D07C2AFB9">
This is the first record of the species from
<collectingCountry id="55F10714E844BAC04BA160A8312520BD" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6B5FB5CB79956412B9D0A4B722DE54C5" author="Freeman" firstAuthor="Freeman" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="285-368" refId="B16" refString="Freeman P (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 4: 285–368." title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="4" year="1956">Freeman 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CF2ADA0E152066C16BCE099DB10AE8C7" DOI="10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" author="Freeman and Cranston" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pagination="323-329" refId="B20" refString="Freeman P, Cranston P (1980) Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175–202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species. Oriental Insects 39 (1): 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" title="Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175-202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species." volume="39" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C61067C3942ED7C5672D40CBD9F9FCDB" author="Curtis" firstAuthor="Curtis" journalOrPublisher="Madoqua" pagination="163-187" refId="B4" refString="Curtis B (1991) Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia. Madoqua 1991: 163–187." title="Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia." volume="1991" year="1991">Curtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="23BFC43798AC0EFBFCC4BC5234C17BE0" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="FCD97DABD564D7392AF8E04711567B3C" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1934" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cladotanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudomancus">
<emphasis id="DF377BD0982001A5566D7D2DE1287646" italics="true">Cladotanytarsus pseudomancus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a widespread species, thus far recorded from the Afrotropical Region, including
<collectingCountry id="3BF9905D56EE5ACA1F620057F3B6ADDD" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
, from the Oriental Region:
<collectingCountry id="F03D8B7B9E7D07F59D3E4B549E9A3B0D" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="7FB3430942E49FAAF787C9761CB25F34" country="India" name="West Bengal">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="6082D4710B8CAE5196FA649654D69C9A" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="9E54D0C66CA38F088B8FFE662D2FC4AC" country="China" name="Hainan">Hainan</collectingRegion>
) and the Palaearctic Region: Russian far east,
<collectingCountry id="87B797B3DE42490394EFB0122BFC196B" name="France">France</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5254728FE259D3F003AC6FBEA1F222F9" name="Egypt">Egypt</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B42F13B67ACB773F25883A49338B48A3" name="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="B395907F22CC9C9123E7FD55197208C3" name="Oman">Oman</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="BDB42B6BF4349F60E2ABC264BBDB2466" author="Gilka" editor="van Harten A" firstAuthor="Gilka" journalOrPublisher="Dar Al Ummah Print, Abu Dhabi" pagination="667-682" refId="B21" refString="Gilka W (2009) Order Diptera, family Chironomidae, Tribe Tanytarsini. In: van Harten A (Ed.) Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates. Dar Al Ummah Print, Abu Dhabi, 667–682." title="Order Diptera, family Chironomidae, Tribe Tanytarsini." volumeTitle="Arthropod Fauna of the United Arab Emirates." year="2009">Gilka 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<document id="1E5D7E1EB97A7207A56A06DB146E2F28" ID-DOI="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920" ID-ZooBank="CD3A2816-4574-42F6-AF5D-442E232B4239" ID-publisher-id="111920" URI-arpha="6EA720D4-2CFD-5102-BD6B-B9BC90A46948" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/CD3A2816-4574-42F6-AF5D-442E232B4239" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1723473573166" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Baranov, Viktor, Lin, Xiaolong, Hübner, Jeremy &amp; Chimeno, Caroline" docDate="2024" docId="3F3DBB3596EB5CCE8987C7B30E707D19" docLanguage="en" docName="African Invertebrates 65(1): 13-36" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 65 (1)" docSource="https://africaninvertebrates.pensoft.net/article/111920/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Kiefferulus brevipalpis" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="6EA720D42CFD5102BD6BB9BC90A46948" masterDocTitle="Uncovering the hidden diversity of non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) from central Namibia, using morphology and DNA barcodes" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1723474076515" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7C39673E2FFDAA36A3C5DC5A91D9528C">Uncovering the hidden diversity of non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) from central Namibia, using morphology and DNA barcodes</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1302CD26CD3FA01DB0E5384E2301DACA" type="personal">
<mods:role id="907E236D49EB3CA737CD6F44E3FD51DF">
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<mods:namePart id="0E6EE33D98760980A25623D21927A248">Baranov, Viktor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B5746792DA60B06A79391B093F5B7FEB">Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC / Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Seville, Spain</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="40CA953FCA901CAD923BA5074D33C528">Lin, Xiaolong</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6AF97767AD230CC8B2585097DBBADF4E" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6544-6204</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="AAAD223961E6440BC490DD65D0191065">Engineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="668CCFD3FEB92827EE6452612F3A421C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EB480AF88ACC3F57B2BAF08EB98D3D42">Hübner, Jeremy</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6F185FF7093583E29F247A042D737851" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5624-8573</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6159CD422F00880B80B5C280E1D7ACD2">Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB-ZSM), Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="056F453CB66F44A32F0A26D0B1291395" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D12DFDFA8A1DA9509306761DFD97CD3B">Chimeno, Caroline</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D8D5622204F34C57E2046BD680D46512">Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB-ZSM), Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A72D448B3E9F7D3B2C67B5C1C18FBC05">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="AF11693D2EDEC18BC0D1AB0733C2D8BA">
<mods:title id="E69FE61F35BB05C982DC19CE674BEF89">African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="AAF9518730A9102886129B01575EA0DE">
<mods:date id="98B4078CCE1503647CA8EC2B94E27E91">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="98E40F992DEAF5DEFC6517B6C1F02A99">2024-04-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8F73567A94A00DC1F8D3AF8B4D0DBF56">65</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="02535074805C8B8AAD6DB9BF18170ED3">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="30BFE59CCC9BAB6162E5EF496F768969">13</mods:start>
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<treatment id="3F3DBB3596EB5CCE8987C7B30E707D19" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306071" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13306071" ID-arpha="3F3DBB35-96EB-5CCE-8987-C7B30E707D19" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F3DBB3596EB5CCE8987C7B30E707D19" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F3DBB3596EB5CCE8987C7B30E707D19">
<subSubSection id="F50EF5257AC6AB18634A91B7A1ED3E7B" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D9F14BA7AA7DB4236D5502B2E30C70EC">
<taxonomicName id="8B813F158C1FF6290F475CA291AA5179" authority="(Kieffer, 1918)" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Kiefferulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpis">
<emphasis id="F38828C9CF0D93D555B9B1FB0E54F763" italics="true">Kiefferulus brevipalpis</emphasis>
(Kieffer, 1918)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6BD7B22FEAE51B38E378EE9E315EA40C" type="description">
<paragraph id="38DAF3828926E4C0B922C47E731BC8D6">
<figureCitation id="885AF9938191AF2AEF8A5B119249FBBC" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Chironomini, adult males A, B Chironomus transvaalensis C Chironomus calipterus D Dicrotendipes septemmaculatus E Kiefferulus brevipalpis F Parachironomus acutus G Paracladopelma rhodesianus H Polypedilum abyssiniae A, C – H hypopygia B head." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038072">Fig. 10 E</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQGAI" type="material">
<paragraph id="8B29D4AD48A6736955C826AB5F17CA16">
<heading id="ADF04771029CBFF3FAD13A702333759C" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99D9798EEE051BAC5CD26072585EB2A8">
<materialsCitation id="83B4C6463E11CB0C975721119FD3B3D1" collectingDate="2018-12-04" collectionCode="BOLD" collectorName="X. Lin" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.1106" location="Gross Barmen" longLatPrecision="14" longitude="16.745" specimenCode="NAMOE 046-22, NAMCH 057-20, NAMCH 054-20, NAMCH 053-20, NAMCH 052-20, AFG 1076, ACK 6259" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">
<collectingCountry id="1DDAC0A47A696F088642B482BFF31AE3" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="DC164D83A83F89445445BF9002AC3561" count="3" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="E4ED9079BFDB83A43120AA915F3BEEBC" count="2" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="8BA56A36D32F3B6680E02247D3F1B271" country="Namibia" name="Otjozondjupa">OTJOZONDJUPA</collectingRegion>
;
<location id="2F201AACDF179FC334E9EB936B9DED99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F3DBB3596EB5CCE8987C7B30E707D19:2F201AACDF179FC334E9EB936B9DED99" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.1106" longLatPrecision="14" longitude="16.745" name="Gross Barmen" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">Gross Barmen</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EZGAI" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[16.745000,-22.110600]}">
<geoCoordinate id="52CA3D6E9AA3564328A16441673B8969" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="38.16" value="-22.1106">22 ° 6 ' 38.16 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="45755236D7260DD9310606E971526CC6" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="16.745">16 ° 44 ' 42 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="19A8E624E09E00073D1EB6FF8E518287" value="2018-12-04">
<collectingDate id="A4C7CC71F77F262FAB44E3011ED2DCC2" value="2018-12-04">4 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="72A9A07A61079940A4E2F1AD4FF9CEF6">X. Lin</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="3E8A5F378DED2C25426E672F3E168143">sweep net</collectingMethod>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5GAI" xlink_title="College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University">
<collectingRegion id="60AE703E3A50EE5411817332CE5C7F99" country="Namibia" name="SHOU">SHOU</collectingRegion>
</abbrev>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECHAI" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="D7E08756B937E87B5191692F1150CB76">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
specimen code: NAM-Chiro 46; NAM 67; NAM 64; NAM 63; NAM 62;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EGHAI" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="F765C1B2F84D08CA049581330B75662D">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
sequence ID:
<ext-link id="0AE4DF582B09A7354EEC7EFFCA3B99D1" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMOE046-22" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="ED1CE7C0908091812AC0D0283F70F00F" collectionCode="NAMOE">NAMOE 046-22</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
<ext-link id="F4A48EF60F37FC39AE77ACADFCE33C9A" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMCH057-20" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="482F94E84F035ECC186A4D328F2185A6" collectionCode="NAMCH">NAMCH 057-20</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
<ext-link id="64286630398E41EA835A9821A370DF47" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMCH054-20" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="DE0E4E05CF1107AD5002941E434A623D" collectionCode="NAMCH">NAMCH 054-20</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
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<specimenCode id="A257FD627FAB7E21FC16A416ADA4A6F7" collectionCode="NAMCH">NAMCH 053-20</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
<ext-link id="AD8D95BED17C6C16CB28AF4A820B6479" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMCH052-20" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="3CDE1FCC73A2911E77A82A56571E397A" collectionCode="NAMCH">NAMCH 052-20</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EDIAI" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="57B8C353760FC5433CC69BDF68209494">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
BIN:
<ext-link id="0A48941D3B17016B0A982DEB2BC5A21C" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:AFG1076" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="78A00CFD0A3DD79778EB0491F1626246">BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="1A3CBD8CEBD150613B8F17DCF2840C7C" collectionCode="BOLD">AFG 1076</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
<ext-link id="BCC2A7477F52ABB44DD1A718D482DA2C" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:ACK6259" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="A311E8747FF0B4699FC9B81DCBA9A0FF">BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="651ECE6F5F07E7A2330F6C7DA52CB858" collectionCode="BOLD">ACK 6259</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="B76E10EFE462B39A73FD2E3AD131ACAE" collectingDate="2018-12-03" collectionCode="BOLD" collectorName="X. Lin" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.612" location="Windhoek" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.091002" specimenCode="NAMOE 022-22, AFG 1076" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-male="7" stateProvince="Khomas">
<specimenCount id="9867ECF7F504771DA82F8D70AD54DD37" count="7" type="male">7 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="71FC4952AB476DED9894B91AEF58486F" country="Namibia" name="Khomas">KHOMAS</collectingRegion>
;
<location id="8DF3D5987D724D0652772E7BB09FEC43" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F3DBB3596EB5CCE8987C7B30E707D19:8DF3D5987D724D0652772E7BB09FEC43" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.612" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.091002" name="Windhoek" stateProvince="Khomas">Windhoek</location>
;
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<geoCoordinate id="6FD527FBE24BB3FB5D80206B5273CC4D" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="43.2" value="-22.612">22 ° 36 ' 43.2 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="68C6DDE0DE45883FE84456AFC1D38635" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="5" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="27.6" value="17.091002">17 ° 5 ' 27.6 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="FBCDBC3B1D9325B75316E6A81BB320B2" value="2018-12-03">
<collectingDate id="0B4638777F8C14D39730FB722261FEBD" value="2018-12-03">3 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="482762D9BA8A833B0AD83578FC7787B3">X. Lin</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="C3E6AC1E47C4974760CD16BC4B65AECA">light trap</collectingMethod>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZIAI" xlink_title="College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University">
<collectingRegion id="285A5824576F025EF5D27845BBF97772" country="Namibia" name="SHOU">SHOU</collectingRegion>
</abbrev>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E4IAI" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="5B47259C37EC7565F59B75171AF27345">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
specimen code: NAM-Chiro 22;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EBJAI" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="256409121D9ECE600E5A8A5C388B494D">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
sequence ID:
<ext-link id="2B489C997C7C1929A67A98FA17775C8B" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMOE022-22" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="52427CCF9DC586CBD4F5F36342814EE0" collectionCode="NAMOE">NAMOE 022-22</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EKJAI" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="C325BDF9E57A5B4BC2FE6A4F2E846539">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
BIN:
<ext-link id="418DC95BDE49E326D7B22435958690D1" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:AFG1076" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="84CC55412F7E71B7002BF24F5A1DD56B">BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="A2E721B8101B9DA58146958E572A5A68" collectionCode="BOLD">AFG 1076</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETJAI" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B6713E296614E686A6CCD6034918395A">
<heading id="C20AE3164687A046D689BEC90F2DD159" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A0C0988241198976E298C30642371D8D">
This is the first record of the species from
<collectingCountry id="2BD7D2A3539C82BF619969F47F821A65" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, otherwise being recorded from
<collectingCountry id="9364DBD60F2A0773948EE050DC014B87" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8993AD2D21003CE0557FF23764305050" name="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="351DC0503573163406F9E8F3E72F2685" name="Uganda">Uganda</collectingCountry>
, (as.
<taxonomicName id="415D8032699894EACD132F3693DB9746" authority="(Kieffer, 1918))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Nilodorum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipalpis">
<emphasis id="03C9D202CA7DB57514C9DB4E2E58FE81" italics="true">Nilodorum brevipalpis</emphasis>
(Kieffer, 1918 ))
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EA61F55157151D86530DECD03B103C45" author="Freeman" firstAuthor="Freeman" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="285-368" refId="B16" refString="Freeman P (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 4: 285–368." title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="4" year="1956">Freeman 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B8DB4C956A64D2A5887953178C6C9E35" DOI="10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" author="Freeman and Cranston" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pagination="323-329" refId="B20" refString="Freeman P, Cranston P (1980) Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175–202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species. Oriental Insects 39 (1): 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" title="Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175-202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species." volume="39" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B4D9234F9D58954BD2BC2726DA7CAEAD" author="Curtis" firstAuthor="Curtis" journalOrPublisher="Madoqua" pagination="163-187" refId="B4" refString="Curtis B (1991) Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia. Madoqua 1991: 163–187." title="Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia." volume="1991" year="1991">Curtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AC3030353ECE8E4F79B5459D55C26FFE" author="Martin" firstAuthor="Martin" refId="B31" refString="Martin J (1999) Listing of names which have been applied in the genus Kiefferulus Goetghebuer. https://www.chironomidae.net/Martin/Chironfiles/Kiefffile/Kieff.htm [Accessed: 15 / 12 / 2023]" url="https://www.chironomidae.net/Martin/Chironfiles/Kiefffile/Kieff.htm" year="1999">Martin 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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data/4A/05/BE/4A05BE261B8A5C0181AE4DA519BDE9A9.xml Normal file
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<document id="BA470CE95765D9BF5CDC53EF0A662B6B" ID-DOI="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920" ID-ZooBank="CD3A2816-4574-42F6-AF5D-442E232B4239" ID-publisher-id="111920" URI-arpha="6EA720D4-2CFD-5102-BD6B-B9BC90A46948" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/CD3A2816-4574-42F6-AF5D-442E232B4239" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1723473573166" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Baranov, Viktor, Lin, Xiaolong, Hübner, Jeremy &amp; Chimeno, Caroline" docDate="2024" docId="4A05BE261B8A5C0181AE4DA519BDE9A9" docLanguage="en" docName="African Invertebrates 65(1): 13-36" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 65 (1)" docSource="https://africaninvertebrates.pensoft.net/article/111920/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Tanytarsus bifurcus Freeman 1958" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="6EA720D42CFD5102BD6BB9BC90A46948" masterDocTitle="Uncovering the hidden diversity of non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) from central Namibia, using morphology and DNA barcodes" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="13" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1723474076515" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5FAD2DE6BDF064AED54C6C527AB8FA99">Uncovering the hidden diversity of non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) from central Namibia, using morphology and DNA barcodes</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8F7B3C64DFD80C075026B2AE12ADA962" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8EFA93BCB9610A621C0E98775B1614C5">Baranov, Viktor</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A4EB43FEDAAB9E0A373A2F1BE0A32823" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1893-3215</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="186A135002EED8B458EFD1A6BFA098FC">Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC / Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Seville, Spain</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A7E64B8F750FC78DBF235AF6E86D77B6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="C171055A2E00875DA86D8821DB2561E3">Lin, Xiaolong</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CBD368BC395740B75B28D7CD33227C61" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6544-6204</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="8232D4B0ED562E0E1D763ED17B7F04AC">Engineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="7AA4144363D54B533121E2D4BDBB4AC9">Hübner, Jeremy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6BE87342F098C3F6F404ABF0D6825D05">Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB-ZSM), Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F4FEFE37A0A8BCF0148B9AC2B6084517">Chimeno, Caroline</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="258E8C1880E90500A655CB056A2FF7ED" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9933-6492</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="1C67D16560022BDED0E6047C6AF93187">Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB-ZSM), Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AF397EC4CE3D8C22ED3C1269C60D934E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4954495D6A2A987F8DF9560DFD56309D">African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A3C7EFC67A9B293E35BD88D48DFBF90A">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7FA1578ECA012F9C5ED46FF11F5B33E6">65</mods:number>
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<treatment id="4A05BE261B8A5C0181AE4DA519BDE9A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306059" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13306059" ID-arpha="4A05BE26-1B8A-5C01-81AE-4DA519BDE9A9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A05BE261B8A5C0181AE4DA519BDE9A9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A05BE261B8A5C0181AE4DA519BDE9A9">
<subSubSection id="FE8EA490FE18B3A2CF3F724778BB8A67" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7CD07D68E9AF81C8ACB2D73B9B8EC702">
<taxonomicName id="95762E16A6B8712F701CEBA52775C126" ID-CoL="54QJZ" authority="Freeman, 1958" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Tanytarsus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcus">
<emphasis id="EC737946005B857665D51CE03C0E96BE" italics="true">Tanytarsus bifurcus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1DF881754A87A76200956DD6166F29C2" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.17110" author="Freeman P" issue="11" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="26-364" refId="B18" refString="Freeman P (1958) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa South of the Sahara. Part IV. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 6 (11): 26 - 364. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 17110" title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa South of the Sahara. Part IV. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="6" year="1958">Freeman, 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B59D9085C8923A7EFFC3D79CF14F3777" type="description">
<paragraph id="D5A584D45925AEAF31338562E9D77EE4">
<figureCitation id="43539B8AEE3D4A4A563811BB8AA68D16" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Tanytarsini, adult males, hypopygia A, B Cladotanytarsus pseudomancus C Tanytarsus pallidulus D Tanytarsus bifurcus." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038071">Fig. 9 D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E3LBG" type="material">
<paragraph id="F4D98F6464B29C746A9AF8D5596C9239">
<heading id="DB76F3EF728185DBCABB0E948A4417E6" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2AD63F90CFEECDFF76370B0C5CFAA8A1">
<materialsCitation id="27E274755E01E5DB605052CD51141A24" collectingDate="2018-12-02" collectingDateMax="2018-12-10" collectingDateMin="2018-12-02" collectionCode="V, NMNW" collectorName="Baranov" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.0148" location="Swakop river" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.953402" municipality="Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-male="6" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">
<collectingCountry id="278A9190C7D23D40B7376D98CCD039D1" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="0202AF999B6D66D5BA802DBDFECF3A34" count="6" type="male">6 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="08AF2ACBDE04D2F74B4147EE4178F350" country="Namibia" name="Otjozondjupa">OTJOZONDJUPA</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="C113F68C5DED58037C628AC2A7C3FFB2">Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="FD6AFB40B281694B97E6D353B534B3C4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A05BE261B8A5C0181AE4DA519BDE9A9:FD6AFB40B281694B97E6D353B534B3C4" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.0148" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.953402" municipality="Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve" name="Swakop river" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">Swakop river</location>
outflow,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EFMBG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[16.953400,-22.014800]}">
<geoCoordinate id="86FBFC8E6E727A861BF2AB28AE6E8A9F" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="0" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="53.28" value="-22.0148">22 ° 0 ' 53.28 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="7E3086D24A32DC5F8870226362EF9E8B" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="12.24" value="16.953402">16 ° 57 ' 12.24 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="9ED9C7C9D6511318ADAD8EB84974EFFC" value="2018-12-02" valueMax="2018-12-10" valueMin="2018-12-02">
<collectingDate id="CE9F2F888FAAEDB444F601208135A310" value="2018-12-02" valueMax="2018-12-10" valueMin="2018-12-02">2–10 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectingMethod id="44FDB5B82AE3D2903FA8070B687B5D06">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
;
<collectionCode id="C4661579D8237B95A73CE3BEF4F3B5E9" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="32FB7D87CE0F54AC4F80AD07F0BEB270">Baranov</collectorName>
leg.;
<named-content id="F675B4D04789F142C90C56BDAF9E87F1" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectionCode id="377DFE026522C5FA0000321CDC142F17" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" type="">NMNW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="F0748638315DEE944FECA9C6F8736569" collectingDate="2018-12-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-05" collectingDateMin="2018-12-01" collectionCode="V, BOLD" collectorName="G. M. Kvifte &amp; Baranov, X &amp; X. Lin" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" location="Mountain Zebra Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" specimenCode="NAMOE 019-22, ADU 6503" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hardap">
<specimenCount id="84BD24A4F05EA2C1BBD8F6C9BC8B905B" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="BAE15E595E325727D50787AAE43E0696" country="Namibia" name="Hardap">HARDAP</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingCounty id="7E8F8EE649EB3498893FD7F0B9BF4A02">
<collectingMunicipality id="148542BCCA40E0F590A646E668207A91">
Naukluft
<location id="38C666FE784253EF1ED50EECF131DCC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A05BE261B8A5C0181AE4DA519BDE9A9:38C666FE784253EF1ED50EECF131DCC1" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" name="Mountain Zebra Park" stateProvince="Hardap">Mountain Zebra Park</location>
</collectingMunicipality>
</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="9AF59709D46259F3EFA1B2D2AEA15D15" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A05BE261B8A5C0181AE4DA519BDE9A9:9AF59709D46259F3EFA1B2D2AEA15D15" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" name="Tufa" stateProvince="Hardap">Tufa</location>
waterfalls;
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<geoCoordinate id="B29FB4EE66401242A4480FB17B581768" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.88" value="-24.2633">24 ° 15 ' 47.88 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="166A01CDEF6535E7607021605E14B648" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="44.76" value="16.229101">16 ° 13 ' 44.76 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="F47E3CE886C866D5E1BEAED08A974F41" value="2018-12-01" valueMax="2018-12-05" valueMin="2018-12-01">
<collectingDate id="38C43C1CADD34DA47083FFF46071E364" value="2018-12-01" valueMax="2018-12-05" valueMin="2018-12-01">1–5 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectingMethod id="1B64F9E3CC6292DD7763F63F1868A808">sweep net</collectingMethod>
;
<collectorName id="F6E8934069EBEBD87D643CD1628D700F">G. M. Kvifte</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode id="7A4F1B7ADFE97B180B709AA078E962D5" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="F2B55454DB488EEFAC37BBBB1FDB11D1">
Baranov,
<collectorName id="B8F17AD2E44C3BBBB427ACA09B437B45">X. Lin</collectorName>
</collectorName>
leg.;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EWMBG" xlink_title="College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University">
<collectingRegion id="DA67038FB866A83B0BE031EAEB4CEC12" country="Namibia" name="SHOU">SHOU</collectingRegion>
</abbrev>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E1MBG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="BE7B900D429E9A244006B2AF1CD3D02D">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
specimen code: NAM-Chiro 19;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E5MBG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="465BB767AB5505810D03E472476054B1">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
sequence ID:
<ext-link id="0659391DBCC6927C3E1F9E87BA691834" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMOE019-22" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="C3A59FDACE0153CCF4991F915F8C349B" collectionCode="NAMOE">NAMOE 019-22</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EHNBG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="4CEA748BC5B3A6F9F9953D8CBE8137D9">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
BIN:
<ext-link id="495DFC15498A75788DE9D6483E0423EE" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:ADU6503" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="01857D3B6B44793D8709A18922F59F49">BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="6A69E928B72F7094283C223CD7271D94" collectionCode="BOLD">ADU 6503</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQNBG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7A447D5F93641600EB53FF245559F2E4">
<heading id="24F5BEE4EE834601DE5FBAC94C153D5A" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D15BC22E7D6DB75D7753CAFDF8FD747">
This is the first record of the species from
<collectingCountry id="F23F926297F68693692B137D4E17BE76" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="448732BD47EE284E55A5DA4B3AD6CCF2" DOI="10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" author="Freeman and Cranston" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pagination="323-329" refId="B20" refString="Freeman P, Cranston P (1980) Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175–202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species. Oriental Insects 39 (1): 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" title="Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175-202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species." volume="39" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A2E628E1789658CA080A294AC099F3D0" author="Curtis" firstAuthor="Curtis" journalOrPublisher="Madoqua" pagination="163-187" refId="B4" refString="Curtis B (1991) Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia. Madoqua 1991: 163–187." title="Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia." volume="1991" year="1991">Curtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4A045DF889365DA627DB8C36E2880D12" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Otherwise this species is occurring in
<collectingCountry id="B2ADE3F9B0E3BA8F237E02B710D1BF50" name="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="2A0C3E3BBA207F6C42360EAEEB62966C" name="Chad">Chad</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="E233784DABC3874068A5F8D57376F7C7" name="Serbia">Mali</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1D276CB64C7443298449A20388E53AE1" name="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="D81CE3C68C1ED47DD5E17FAC302A6AC1" name="Ghana">Ghana</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="98293EABEA72D44EA351A5FA4E07AD0D" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.17110" author="Freeman" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="11" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="26-364" refId="B18" refString="Freeman P (1958) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa South of the Sahara. Part IV. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 6 (11): 26–364. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.17110" title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa South of the Sahara. Part IV. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="6" year="1958">Freeman 1958</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D682BFE0B98F15E167FCCC993EFA3908" DOI="10.1007/BF00134446" author="Dejoux C" refId="B6" refString="Dejoux C (1968 a) Contribution à l’étude des premiers états des Chironomides du Tchad Hydrobiologia 31: 449–464. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00134446">Dejoux 1968 a</bibRefCitation>
, 1968
<bibRefCitation id="E0E348EF2DBD6ADCC886B4AC98EEABCE" author="Dejoux C" firstAuthor="c" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk tidskrift" pagination="72-83" refId="B8" refString="Dejoux C (1974) Contribution à la connaissance des Chironomides de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. Entomologisk tidskrift 95: 72–83." title="Contribution à la connaissance des Chironomides de l’Afrique de l’Ouest." volume="95" year="1974">c, 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C04F8C3BBF7D796B95E8C5D4519F1934" DOI="10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" author="Freeman and Cranston" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pagination="323-329" refId="B20" refString="Freeman P, Cranston P (1980) Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175–202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species. Oriental Insects 39 (1): 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" title="Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175-202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species." volume="39" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A0417C4A4AE473860821E27A0CF5ED49" DOI="10.1163/22119434-99900054" author="Ekrem" firstAuthor="Ekrem" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pagination="5-40" refId="B9" refString="Ekrem T (2001) A review of Afrotropical Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 144 (1): 5–40. https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-99900054" title="A review of Afrotropical Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae)." volume="144" year="2001">Ekrem 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
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133
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<taxonomicName id="08257A6EC2CB8ABEE0097A11A74681FD" ID-CoL="8BGB6" authority="Kieffer, 1908" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calipterus">
<emphasis id="EDF32D6A8B8A7E55194547D70E371EEA" italics="true">Chironomus calipterus</emphasis>
Kieffer, 1908
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<figureCitation id="D4A5368B99A776274AF96E6B4E0810CF" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Chironomini, adult males A, B Chironomus transvaalensis C Chironomus calipterus D Dicrotendipes septemmaculatus E Kiefferulus brevipalpis F Parachironomus acutus G Paracladopelma rhodesianus H Polypedilum abyssiniae A, C – H hypopygia B head." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038072">Fig. 10 C</figureCitation>
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<heading id="8F6504D51FE2B305035E0F94074EDDE3" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE49B1FCD602D2640B0D2F00CBA9B29B">
<materialsCitation id="0E868D7C41A2C53DBE47F5B526C12FAC" collectingDate="2018-12-02" collectingDateMax="2018-12-10" collectingDateMin="2018-12-02" collectionCode="V, NMNW" collectorName="Baranov" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.0148" location="Swakop river" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.953402" municipality="Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve" specimenCount="67" specimenCount-male="67" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">
<collectingCountry id="7CD76961C86FF07ED6340A5C8B276DCC" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
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;
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;
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,
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outflow;
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<geoCoordinate id="5C595386F7CA24EA4FDC20E2F83B0D25" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="0" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="53.28" value="-22.0148">22 ° 0 ' 53.28 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="DF789E52A182713D07478A1BB6F545FB" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="12.24" value="16.953402">16 ° 57 ' 12.24 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
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;
<date id="8630ADCC1EE1082E662CB9CF2151964D" value="2018-12-02" valueMax="2018-12-10" valueMin="2018-12-02">
<collectingDate id="AB8FDE2D33888CC7BCEE2D508078EE08" value="2018-12-02" valueMax="2018-12-10" valueMin="2018-12-02">2–10 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
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;
<collectionCode id="A3165206FA3BC5999F1E3D3A6C459A30" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="56112DAFDCB99169123EBCBA885B39E2">Baranov</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="F03E10F505D800612342A21EB1E0206C">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
;
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<collectionCode id="6E691837EF757FB26F2F60CE175B8177" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" type="">NMNW</collectionCode>
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.
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<paragraph id="202ED32A703A68D354BB450E83EF2910">
Distribution: The species is widely distributed in
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and rest of the Afrotropics as well as the southern Palaearctic (
<bibRefCitation id="FEA1707EFD386BA638EB05245E685EF0" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.1515" author="Freeman" firstAuthor="Freeman" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="321-428" refId="B17" refString="Freeman P (1957) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa South of the Sahara. Part III. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 5: 321–428. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.1515" title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa South of the Sahara. Part III. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="5" year="1957">Freeman 1957</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="44024C119AC5A3F6FA08805A0D9AAC8C" author="Lindner" firstAuthor="Lindner" journalOrPublisher="Journa of South West African Scientific Society" pagination="75-86" refId="B30" refString="Lindner E (1976) Zur Kenntnis der Dipterenfauna Sudwestafrikas. VI VIII. Journa of South West African Scientific Society 30: 75–86." title="Zur Kenntnis der Dipterenfauna Sudwestafrikas. VI VIII." volume="30" year="1976">Lindner 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9D02B0EDDC219685F96A8EB36034DF91" author="Curtis" firstAuthor="Curtis" journalOrPublisher="Madoqua" pagination="163-187" refId="B4" refString="Curtis B (1991) Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia. Madoqua 1991: 163–187." title="Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia." volume="1991" year="1991">Curtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0DD533E8A814F350E834B8343406CB62" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="72FB8015D1CD02E2B9967E25ADD1DC40" author="Andersen and Mendes" firstAuthor="Andersen" journalOrPublisher="Arthropod fauna of the UAE" pagination="564-598" refId="B1" refString="Andersen T, Mendes H (2010) Order Diptera, family Chironomidae (with the exception of the tribe Tanytarsini). Arthropod fauna of the UAE 3: 564–598." title="Order Diptera, family Chironomidae (with the exception of the tribe Tanytarsini)." volume="3" year="2010">Andersen and Mendes 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
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<mods:number id="0E20AF1F09C93455196ABEC467968216">65</mods:number>
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<treatment id="52776A8EE65A5FB4B7AB2B81C1303B1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13306036" ID-arpha="52776A8E-E65A-5FB4-B7AB-2B81C1303B1C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52776A8EE65A5FB4B7AB2B81C1303B1C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/52776A8EE65A5FB4B7AB2B81C1303B1C">
<subSubSection id="BCA3E9723A58BB18F9E1BD85DECBBBAD" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CDBAF5B98C65E44482FC0916350FEF36">
<taxonomicName id="4632F7EADF90166925903D46F8B9D2F4" ID-CoL="ZG44" authority="Freeman, 1953 a" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1953" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cricotopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavozonatus">
<emphasis id="4332425FB6FE2687ECF1FA911F11249D" italics="true">Cricotopus flavozonatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="55D6AB5FDB3F5E3459E86151DFC84DC7" DOI="10.1111/j.1365-3113.1953.tb00071.x" author="Freeman P" issue="7-8" journalOrPublisher="Series B, Taxonomy" pagination="127-135" refId="B13" refString="Freeman P (1953) Chironomidae (Diptera) from Western Cape province-I. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B, Taxonomy 22 (7 - 8): 127 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1953. tb 00071. x" title="Chironomidae (Diptera) from Western Cape province-I. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London." volume="22" year="1953">Freeman, 1953</bibRefCitation>
a
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E843DA7D6E27D60F22703133499CA10B" type="description">
<paragraph id="3A51B5BFAF820FCF81E0B3F554F71BB3">
<figureCitation id="60A723E31512A0792D9643216A6994F7" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Orthocladiinae A – C Bryophaenocladius cristatus D, E Cricotopus flavozonatus F Cricotopus scottae G Parametriocnemus scotti A, E head, adult male B, D, F, G hypopygium C virga." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038066">Fig. 4 D, E</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EOGAE" type="material">
<paragraph id="88C896A3C773126C274D85C2DB7B8754">
<heading id="53C93FAF27F999D478D15E5450BA155C" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F9AE8AB4D1C52A99C748C3BC5C70860">
<materialsCitation id="B74E3DC3AB45A6B90EAF45264830595D" collectingDate="2018-12-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-05" collectingDateMin="2018-12-01" collectionCode="V, BOLD" collectorName="G. M. Kvifte &amp; Baranov &amp; X. Lin" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" location="Mountain Zebra Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" specimenCode="NAMCH 024-20, NAMCH 023-20, NAMCH 017-20, NAMCH 006-19, ACG 906" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hardap">
<collectingCountry id="33B78568FF27CA22A0505E70405EAE0F" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
• several hundred
<specimenCount id="8C9055425052E5380E94C48FA724B756" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="8E1466B18E8CC27EC844DF1A3976B55C" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="D6E9ACD1B7F434F51DF6F81CB24266F7" country="Namibia" name="Hardap">HARDAP</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingCounty id="A1099735DE7D47A4C7BFC4F7E438D5F4">
<collectingMunicipality id="3C3F77C72A94AFE93CF73A2713D2E666">
Naukluft
<location id="8ED634466F081BC6FD30B454308C1ED5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52776A8EE65A5FB4B7AB2B81C1303B1C:8ED634466F081BC6FD30B454308C1ED5" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" name="Mountain Zebra Park" stateProvince="Hardap">Mountain Zebra Park</location>
</collectingMunicipality>
</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="CE3A592801D2EBBAF003F122D9949659" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52776A8EE65A5FB4B7AB2B81C1303B1C:CE3A592801D2EBBAF003F122D9949659" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" name="Tufa" stateProvince="Hardap">Tufa</location>
waterfalls;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EXGAE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[16.229100,-24.263300]}">
<geoCoordinate id="528E3D4E218E425CA3B1B115FAD00317" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.88" value="-24.2633">24 ° 15 ' 47.88 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6ECE3AFE0DA95DDA53624B917A464BD2" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="44.76" value="16.229101">16 ° 13 ' 44.76 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="27C5377CD0B06E62E730A806EB45495E" value="2018-12-01" valueMax="2018-12-05" valueMin="2018-12-01">
<collectingDate id="0EB5900E08009E3ECAF5AD03D6DEA099" value="2018-12-01" valueMax="2018-12-05" valueMin="2018-12-01">1–5 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="9EA12E31CF3282D1EBCCC673445C01F1">G. M. Kvifte</collectorName>
/
<collectionCode id="82481A65255F8CA056451395BE1794A5" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="89DB6D435FC52287CD4A7C7851CE8AB7">Baranov</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="1406E4065F56BF818CEDC52FE40BAFC0">X. Lin</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="E929788494D5A0EB0B9DA782BA57E51A">sweep net</collectingMethod>
;
<named-content id="D0579302E75BDD83D562178437493E8C" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectingRegion id="DD4E55C738BD31D220E10A3078D63D0A" country="Namibia" name="NMNW">NMNW</collectingRegion>
</named-content>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAHAE" xlink_title="College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University">
<collectingRegion id="270719741627B049B447D2195AC87F92" country="Namibia" name="SHOU">SHOU</collectingRegion>
</abbrev>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EEHAE" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="3A320D759606906E1152383441AF2A9E">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
specimen code: NAM 14, NAM 04, NAM 13, NAM 12;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EIHAE" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="8B0C52EDB1C9FCE26D2724F187BD6916">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
sequence ID:
<ext-link id="F1D3463E7A71F2C37385E46A75FF9383" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMCH024-20" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="321C1340BF016AAEE622E1FDDA30A3BD" collectionCode="NAMCH">NAMCH 024-20</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
,
<ext-link id="A09833BE8590F57B4710A82A8E0329B9" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMCH023-20" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="1DF02D3444D8653238FA8331DED55EFA" collectionCode="NAMCH">NAMCH 023-20</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
,
<ext-link id="6E22E56DAA773481BA71512F19333585" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMCH017-20" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="6C47E7B2F20750EA3FBFDD4C9A68D952" collectionCode="NAMCH">NAMCH 017-20</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
,
<ext-link id="6AA8A0DE291B1D1ACCDFC4F6AE105D20" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMCH006-19" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="A6AFD370BD1A7712FAA3F713EE4A7FA3" collectionCode="NAMCH">NAMCH 006-19</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAIAE" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="695F2F2625DB9D22B7D2683E02456409">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
BIN:
<ext-link id="13A7A295FFD9B6DE5A8244E5285BEFC5" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:ACG906" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="F0EED383BAF49C859E863CFE49591C78">BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="19F91DCFE1A7A912A5320974BE1D179A" collectionCode="BOLD">ACG 906</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="27B609F011AB2EE9CB47A600CDCDC8F3" collectingDate="2018-12-01" collectionCode="V, BOLD" collectorName="G. M. Kvifte &amp; Baranov &amp; X. Lin" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.612" location="Windhoek" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.091002" specimenCode="NAMOE 031-22, NAMOE 032-22, ACG 9062" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Khomas">
<specimenCount id="5F14E62F2F30D320642C064971540FE3" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="67533D616B01822489455148AD8D5164" count="2" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="9FD7326294C5964B2F8D24AE8928AE5E" country="Namibia" name="Khomas">KHOMAS</collectingRegion>
;
<location id="D2B7C01F6754559CD218A61F0F435285" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:52776A8EE65A5FB4B7AB2B81C1303B1C:D2B7C01F6754559CD218A61F0F435285" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.612" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.091002" name="Windhoek" stateProvince="Khomas">Windhoek</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EMIAE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[17.091000,-22.612000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="04C42A2ACEFC49EAA5DF593D06E3AD22" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="43.2" value="-22.612">22 ° 36 ' 43.2 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D39E1D957E13A163C87863A7B170F76A" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="5" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="27.6" value="17.091002">17 ° 5 ' 27.6 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="14676D1CB2852B504DC3059F30D79DCE" value="2018-12-01">
<collectingDate id="4D67DDFFAAC7AF7C71657A56C7A5D362" value="2018-12-01">1 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="3FC42E53E941076AD5534A020EBD83CE">G. M. Kvifte</collectorName>
/
<collectionCode id="4EA29871578B890B6088EA219C37E69E" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="56B256CF1F39BCFA2BB40AA7740BE508">Baranov</collectorName>
/
<collectorName id="EACFB48C5E1F1AF6122B79F00984516D">X. Lin</collectorName>
leg.;
<named-content id="6E544875C1A3D2949654BA3ACCC44424" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectingRegion id="87D570F45A1C41721572A12C7A0E8F17" country="Namibia" name="NMNW">NMNW</collectingRegion>
</named-content>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EVIAE" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="4B32C56396933DD028DE6BF1ACF10E3D">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
specimen code: NAM-Chiro 31, NAM-Chiro 32;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZIAE" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="2472FAFEEB8D176AD5F8DD7470D46B0D">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
sequence ID:
<ext-link id="9AA13B93BD7FCC46B7AA9D197A87A04E" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMOE031-22" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="8E3D1F5695BE5FD1C1F0B747CEA13171" collectionCode="NAMOE">NAMOE 031-22</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
,
<ext-link id="1F88038D472F1D02D5D0721DB023CE26" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMOE032-22" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="4E2D15479892FD668D3B2652A64AE5F8" collectionCode="NAMOE">NAMOE 032-22</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EHJAE" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="7BF7B541B0B89C8DD34C7DA3F6AE8ED1">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
BIN:
<ext-link id="B5448BCF4E92605096A10340DC98FE2D" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:ACG9062" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="77EE9B1D6196557B9A38985985EFA02E">BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="2682860C97B9D6C01E5B23E805646C28" collectionCode="BOLD">ACG 9062</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQJAE" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="FCC3A4BAC9E761E23C35192E984FB1C1">
<heading id="19B3431521AFA2A242C91C3CB11F23B8" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="89DA5FA7B04B7FBA37240C2A6E00D652">
This is the first record of the species from
<collectingCountry id="BCE4C42375F86C383A2FEBBE8551E6A1" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="684B0F1E5FFC1F2F3DF19AEC7F2B8989" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1953" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cricotopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavozonatus">
<emphasis id="7ECBC414AD6641B34D64CDE2570FDC77" italics="true">Cricotopus flavozonatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was previously recorded from
<collectingCountry id="D4746E8D1E64A63889FC99376B44D6ED" name="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="48D427DA82FBC3D60191695CE9FA8EE7" name="Uganda">Uganda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="4323D0294E146B2831101CA56F9858F4" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="78A4E662A227517AF356CF832746C9FA" name="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DC0723AA3ECA27923F370363BCA63DEB" author="Freeman" firstAuthor="Freeman" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="285-368" refId="B16" refString="Freeman P (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 4: 285–368." title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="4" year="1956">Freeman 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3533C4E1DAC4E7B9F48B3F0860F07905" DOI="10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" author="Freeman and Cranston" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pagination="323-329" refId="B20" refString="Freeman P, Cranston P (1980) Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175–202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species. Oriental Insects 39 (1): 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" title="Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175-202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species." volume="39" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="307F1566977EC368659F3C9A7B276025" author="Curtis" firstAuthor="Curtis" journalOrPublisher="Madoqua" pagination="163-187" refId="B4" refString="Curtis B (1991) Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia. Madoqua 1991: 163–187." title="Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia." volume="1991" year="1991">Curtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="788F69D33EEE924616F5689888A6010A" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EEE277EB2E245C62A5077AECA6CBAA82" author="Ashe and O'Connor" firstAuthor="Ashe" refId="B3" refString="Ashe P, O’Connor JP (2012) A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Díptera). Part 2. Orthocladiinae. Two volumes (Sections A, B). Irish Biogeographical Society, Dublin, [14] + [xvi +] 468 pp., [6] + 500 pp." year="2012">Ashe and O’Connor 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

154
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<mods:namePart id="92214AA524ADA95860404E47D9B8A741">Lin, Xiaolong</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="580920C75529535D96EC20A097A2B7C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306034" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13306034" ID-arpha="580920C7-5529-535D-96EC-20A097A2B7C9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:580920C75529535D96EC20A097A2B7C9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/580920C75529535D96EC20A097A2B7C9">
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<paragraph id="2082CED9660D75828331D7D7CC2DE977">
<taxonomicName id="B1C61FC54D9C7F4C4239838F271085B6" ID-CoL="YRCW" authority="Goetghebuer, 1935" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Corynoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dewulfi">
<emphasis id="D7B5E81934EB9CADF16EC0C9AE131B59" italics="true">Corynoneura dewulfi</emphasis>
Goetghebuer, 1935
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EUDAE" type="material">
<paragraph id="5CB070AA99366F099F8D5BB55F562DBD">
<heading id="A84D4B4885AB5F271777E19DA9B42815" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B4F111C54CBD51ACB90286F1A1CCFB4">
<materialsCitation id="951D94D636195A1A4C5E2A7B30A15937" collectingDate="2018-12-01" collectionCode="NMNW" collectorName="G. M. Kwifte" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" location="Mountain Zebra Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Hardap">
<collectingCountry id="28982AFB707BEF4CF9B8221DEE11CBF4" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="FA8BCDB23E68D111A641E637385C2974" count="5" type="male">5 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="73B7537BD9CE06FF4ABF28614EC273EC" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="97402C68C7695061A20675144AF8969B" country="Namibia" name="Hardap">HARDAP</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingCounty id="35B336F02C27CA83D4081F786B6C21B2">
<collectingMunicipality id="0828125599709C2E1501EDDC1F160748">
Naukluft
<location id="383ED5DB17131024F0CE73436EB13E30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:580920C75529535D96EC20A097A2B7C9:383ED5DB17131024F0CE73436EB13E30" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" name="Mountain Zebra Park" stateProvince="Hardap">Mountain Zebra Park</location>
</collectingMunicipality>
</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="3BA39FE942467ED1B3C2B4FF0E9D4F74" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:580920C75529535D96EC20A097A2B7C9:3BA39FE942467ED1B3C2B4FF0E9D4F74" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" name="Tufa" stateProvince="Hardap">Tufa</location>
waterfalls;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E4DAE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[16.229100,-24.263300]}">
<geoCoordinate id="5F800ACE7D4B9FB3E73502B3AAC8E049" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.88" value="-24.2633">24 ° 15 ' 47.88 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="30B27A43A1340A46B80217038CCB6F45" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="44.76" value="16.229101">16 ° 13 ' 44.76 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="68529E4B91CF3B559F7A0824AEF9E238" value="2018-12-01">
<collectingDate id="7D7C329FFDB4B49E4CD064F2617277FF" value="2018-12-01">1 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="42CCAEA0E99D30CA57BAFE6889D69174">G. M. Kwifte</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="34441E0AF2A54AA68280314D3F8CDF21">sweep net</collectingMethod>
;
<named-content id="44AF0C5B1377CBBF87DFA3B889066D7E" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectionCode id="50A0F73BA109E0D3B2839D6590418FC7" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" type="">NMNW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4CA9A326890A5B071D1E9573FEC3F794">No specimens of this species were successfully barcoded as a part of this project.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHEAE" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D288E7ED4B3277024A7213BC2AE55678">
<heading id="5157B568D9C27C2C8A0CE66125DAD472" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="38890E073277BCFB1AAD40667A9F5B2D">
This is the first record of the species from
<collectingCountry id="2DF03AE3BCE75D96702CE433C58FCFB6" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="104BCBF0B3B577C10FCD281B4AC870E7" author="Freeman" firstAuthor="Freeman" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="285-368" refId="B16" refString="Freeman P (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 4: 285–368." title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="4" year="1956">Freeman 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="23CBC42EA7F7F7618725A14A482BDAF4" DOI="10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" author="Freeman and Cranston" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pagination="323-329" refId="B20" refString="Freeman P, Cranston P (1980) Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175–202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species. Oriental Insects 39 (1): 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" title="Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175-202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species." volume="39" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4C20B2E47FD9FE0DBB755D45A3F749A4" author="Curtis" firstAuthor="Curtis" journalOrPublisher="Madoqua" pagination="163-187" refId="B4" refString="Curtis B (1991) Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia. Madoqua 1991: 163–187." title="Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia." volume="1991" year="1991">Curtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="BDB93CDCAEE02E2F8C8D818327C95B05" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="599F9F44F0CDB28BD8A650495E7A1FC6" author="Ashe and O'Connor" firstAuthor="Ashe" refId="B3" refString="Ashe P, O’Connor JP (2012) A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Díptera). Part 2. Orthocladiinae. Two volumes (Sections A, B). Irish Biogeographical Society, Dublin, [14] + [xvi +] 468 pp., [6] + 500 pp." year="2012">Ashe and O’Connor 2012</bibRefCitation>
). The species is otherwise known from D.
<collectionCode id="769E7ECC5075CC5D18F9AF81A2F91B14" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectingCountry id="B3811316EF892CD196937579A3D21A4B" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1A03A7B301870FF3760E71DFED8C80C4" name="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D94A8E9E390E5DCD4778D03B0E3F1089" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1387D4378BAC9EE4E88DE3D42DA08E6C" name="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="880E0D934BB0B2A57BE76FB8663B0865" name="Uganda">Uganda</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="FDC4CDF9C2D9577C58354A572A612639" name="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2504B55B5A9BDA80F537F98243442B13" author="Ashe and O'Connor" firstAuthor="Ashe" refId="B3" refString="Ashe P, O’Connor JP (2012) A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Díptera). Part 2. Orthocladiinae. Two volumes (Sections A, B). Irish Biogeographical Society, Dublin, [14] + [xvi +] 468 pp., [6] + 500 pp." year="2012">Ashe and O’Connor 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

198
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<emphasis id="67AE6B259914153B393660DDC8BF12DA" italics="true">Parametriocnemus scotti</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0B6D773AAB12AB1B27FD070053A31371" author="Freeman P" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="285-368" refId="B16" refString="Freeman P (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 4: 285 - 368." title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="4" year="1956">Freeman, 1956</bibRefCitation>
)
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7847857225EA72CD11C25E6FD867FC63" type="description">
<paragraph id="D380394463E9110BA20708E57B38656A">
<figureCitation id="AEFCEC1B2128E585B59750441F8C1C8D" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Orthocladiinae A – C Bryophaenocladius cristatus D, E Cricotopus flavozonatus F Cricotopus scottae G Parametriocnemus scotti A, E head, adult male B, D, F, G hypopygium C virga." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038066">Fig. 4 G</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGXAE" type="material">
<paragraph id="13900ACA4DAA10BBD7EE3D306E311D2A">
<heading id="DBFBF7F9BA088638BF1E6E133A33BF80" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A0B99B347E1C3148A9C82664E5C67AF">
<materialsCitation id="71E9D580BA2F3302698E2FBAACFDF3E0" collectingDate="2018-12-01" collectionCode="V, BOLD" collectorName="G. M. Kvifte &amp; Baranov, X &amp; X. Lin" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" location="Mountain Zebra Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" specimenCode="NAMCH 046-20, NAMOE 030-22, NAMOE 029-22, NAMCH 007-19, ADY 1682" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-larva="1" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Hardap">
<collectingCountry id="F36D008D7048514BED82C8717629E9A7" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="7DE3239BCF2988AF58B78DDC21C5ED55" count="8" type="male">8 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="4EB5EE4C1CF6AC2CC9B67618A7A4BC0E" count="2" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="530A0610BCE388160979922361678453" count="1" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="1AA58031292DF3DEFEAB08C99EE803E2" country="Namibia" name="Hardap">HARDAP</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingCounty id="EE590A7830D374600715324CBE68C53D">
<collectingMunicipality id="7EA230F28EFB678488D337B406AF12B1">
Naukluft
<location id="3E06B36F9A96FA7853805E591224B239" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F666F59BEDA5EB39C5B2A447D2F69F2:3E06B36F9A96FA7853805E591224B239" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" name="Mountain Zebra Park" stateProvince="Hardap">Mountain Zebra Park</location>
</collectingMunicipality>
</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="0368AC127C1A1C35ECF5BD6AB5CB2134" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5F666F59BEDA5EB39C5B2A447D2F69F2:0368AC127C1A1C35ECF5BD6AB5CB2134" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" name="Tufa" stateProvince="Hardap">Tufa</location>
waterfalls;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EPXAE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[16.229100,-24.263300]}">
<geoCoordinate id="F19A973B0D0158A91FA098D8390FB749" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.88" value="-24.2633">24 ° 15 ' 47.88 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="42CB8F1FCEEA8966ADE67B71F2A07931" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="44.76" value="16.229101">16 ° 13 ' 44.76 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="8F769FE24CCB1DEEF35C0B9D7D91E49B" value="2018-12-01">
<collectingDate id="8FC6B0A2BBA70AE3A162D363DE8F69A0" value="2018-12-01">1 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="426610D1F6174F8178ECB64A488D1FAC">G. M. Kvifte</collectorName>
/
<collectionCode id="13B1D83911A89665FEC7B4038B5B022B" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="0AF35C6B46E91E3F3CBC697E86604C0E">
Baranov,
<collectorName id="597306F3587BB8132C4434423182E4FD">X. Lin</collectorName>
</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="A807BD9C00D8DA017D65B2FEFE6990EF">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
;
<named-content id="AAABC9A2311658CC2A5ACC05E9289E3C" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectingRegion id="77D6234D394E5D8ECBD70B0BC5FBAEF9" country="Namibia" name="NMNW">NMNW</collectingRegion>
</named-content>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYXAE" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="C08A0FECB7989A54DD51A4243561E84C">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
specimen code: NAM 37; NAM 19; NAM-Chiro 30; NAM-Chiro 29;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3XAE" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="A9E8C503A8C48F4B28CAEF5BCF9B7462">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
sequence ID
<ext-link id="A51C97E8DC56A85AA38B640586CE683D" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMCH046-20" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="0035AE511D97D393E78DB159A928E5BA" collectionCode="NAMCH">NAMCH 046-20</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
<ext-link id="F1E44BF8DA5674154B2FE8290403489A" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMOE030-22" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="211B1E8A93A4D6A913FDE4D8C86BFABD" collectionCode="NAMOE">NAMOE 030-22</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
<ext-link id="BC83488245252B16E92576DDA005C178" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMOE029-22" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="0BE03DEA401076AD1E9CF4D17E2EF297" collectionCode="NAMOE">NAMOE 029-22</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
<ext-link id="5A2F39E82368402F41AED16F42C169DC" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMCH007-19" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="74184776102B3113DDDBC38A023ED523" collectionCode="NAMCH">NAMCH 007-19</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
<ext-link id="6958874E735AC934A650D4F72731F9AA" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:ADY1682" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="6A4DBED91A72EF6CF05391956704E15C">BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="C248C479C304C35477EAD8E510092170" collectionCode="BOLD">ADY 1682</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZYAE" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5954B8586E4DB8D0BEB6A652AE904097">
<heading id="CEAB453F7188EB30F4CBDAA097843185" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C1043AEC73A2E7416F03AA7691A1369F">
This is the first record of this species from
<collectingCountry id="D2749F10B443BED9BB18B3CEC869CD38" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C7967447BE356387040B892BACF86E50" author="Freeman" firstAuthor="Freeman" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="285-368" refId="B16" refString="Freeman P (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 4: 285–368." title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="4" year="1956">Freeman 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5E88A267E7DABB7C51932653ADDDEE4D" DOI="10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" author="Freeman and Cranston" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pagination="323-329" refId="B20" refString="Freeman P, Cranston P (1980) Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175–202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species. Oriental Insects 39 (1): 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" title="Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175-202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species." volume="39" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1249185B192CD691442AE1C4EFB5194E" author="Curtis" firstAuthor="Curtis" journalOrPublisher="Madoqua" pagination="163-187" refId="B4" refString="Curtis B (1991) Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia. Madoqua 1991: 163–187." title="Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia." volume="1991" year="1991">Curtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0127178074959CD9B9F3F2EAAF2FBC2F" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7FA9EB329FAA3C4F5E3B79521973119C" author="Ashe and O'Connor" firstAuthor="Ashe" refId="B3" refString="Ashe P, O’Connor JP (2012) A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Díptera). Part 2. Orthocladiinae. Two volumes (Sections A, B). Irish Biogeographical Society, Dublin, [14] + [xvi +] 468 pp., [6] + 500 pp." year="2012">Ashe and O’Connor 2012</bibRefCitation>
). The species is otherwise known from
<collectingCountry id="DAC2A89CF0F34D35C41E14127C55380F" name="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="4920F7F47280711330ACCDB36B894D7E" name="Kenya">Kenya</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C06C2E22DFA6081DD05181E54CB13DD6" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="429E3C4B88B31113208E2C7946479410" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="620CCE39B0B5FCFE310BBD7235A6EDE9" name="Uganda">Uganda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8A52EF0002322CECEC14F5FD9359E9B6" name="Zambia">Zambia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="308878A841BABFD3FB81BDB7E550B09E" name="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1A03015F7C6A1C22FB79B9E437D419EE" author="Ashe and O'Connor" firstAuthor="Ashe" refId="B3" refString="Ashe P, O’Connor JP (2012) A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Díptera). Part 2. Orthocladiinae. Two volumes (Sections A, B). Irish Biogeographical Society, Dublin, [14] + [xvi +] 468 pp., [6] + 500 pp." year="2012">Ashe and O’Connor 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

367
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View file

@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
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<mods:title id="DB2F2704C904833C97268686BCBE5F0B">Uncovering the hidden diversity of non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) from central Namibia, using morphology and DNA barcodes</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="AB1782C8E1B2EF82BFBF13E7A3CA72B7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="83BDDA40C0D4F49B015005398FCA588B">
<taxonomicName id="C500BCE9C9E439C174F20470E4ED6F87" ID-CoL="6CTS8" authority="(Becker, 1908)" baseAuthorityName="Becker" baseAuthorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="septemmaculatus">
<emphasis id="080D9AA7A3FBF7E2BAF5FE64E979FFE4" italics="true">Dicrotendipes septemmaculatus</emphasis>
(Becker, 1908)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E044EE0EAE5C9EDA6BBD94428601EC4C" type="description">
<paragraph id="7FD6F1C9E39DD3A64E68FE666FB38EB9">
<figureCitation id="9D4FB416EB07CB3C9AA8BF41ECC4E3AC" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Chironomini, adult males A, B Chironomus transvaalensis C Chironomus calipterus D Dicrotendipes septemmaculatus E Kiefferulus brevipalpis F Parachironomus acutus G Paracladopelma rhodesianus H Polypedilum abyssiniae A, C – H hypopygia B head." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038072">Fig. 10 D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EF6BG" type="material">
<paragraph id="131E9C9C2BA5284A051182F63624C95F">
<heading id="4CDE3564692AAC7779E742C9FEC1EC96" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C26A302C83792BD236D9422E9C2EF8EA">
<materialsCitation id="5C39DE6E01FA0426CD9765D078C45392" collectingDate="2018-12-03" collectionCode="NMNW, BOLD" collectorName="G. M. Kwifte" country="Namibia" county="Windhoek" location="Goreangab Reservoir" longitude="17.001" municipality="Arebbusch river" specimenCode="NAMOE 004-22, NAMCH 016-19, NAMCH 078-20, NAMCH 077-20, NAMCH 074-20, NAMCH 073-20, ACK 4391" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-larva="2" specimenCount-male="5" specimenCount-pupa="2" stateProvince="Khomas">
<collectingCountry id="A837807F916FC65C9F6AC1B366579397" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9744DE452C76EAB357D6B348585C96FC" count="5" type="male">5 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="1122E6E102FC9E506EF73EBBB247DD35" count="2" type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
;
<specimenCount id="A92029ECB42C57D86060ACD798C95D24" count="2" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="5CBFF6558D86E0CE92A6268EA079C7D9" country="Namibia" name="Khomas">KHOMAS</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingCounty id="68BFD755B654C1FE49DF20C00328C9F4">Windhoek</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="728E6DC3F103199F0260559C64A32BA3">Arebbusch river</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="73E3207FF03286C86713FDDD8F931470" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6DBF8F5A90515356A98FF0CD81F3F204:73E3207FF03286C86713FDDD8F931470" country="Namibia" county="Windhoek" longitude="17.001" municipality="Arebbusch river" name="Goreangab Reservoir" stateProvince="Khomas">Goreangab Reservoir</location>
; S
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22 ° 52 ' 90 &quot; S;
<geoCoordinate id="D26CEB12F0A66AC8C03210B5C2E0F138" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="0" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="3.6" value="17.001">17 ° 0 ' 3.6 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="9652DDF27DE6F56CFE706ECF7D2C1EEC" value="2018-12-03">
<collectingDate id="F9A6CB876C5A1193340EF389BC4BAF9B" value="2018-12-03">3 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="7F3805DF80D1FE72A401AB548FDEA4E1">G. M. Kwifte</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="70F62C379C0B080A7B3DBA53F3A7DE5B">sweep net</collectingMethod>
;
<named-content id="3423715715BEE970FEBAE292045B5378" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectionCode id="25F3FD38C58B76F43F7F690DD7AAF654" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" type="">NMNW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
;
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<collectionCode id="CA9CFB50D90E656D320CEDCCEA70FECE">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
specimen code: NAM-Chiro 4; NAM 88; NAM 95; NAM 94; NAM 91; NAM 90;
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</abbrev>
sequence ID:
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<specimenCode id="5A0097BF713032F39A68C059B8F38A43" collectionCode="NAMOE">NAMOE 004-22</specimenCode>
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;
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;
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<specimenCode id="9ADA88E6094F1B17EBD59F25664F4B54" collectionCode="NAMCH">NAMCH 078-20</specimenCode>
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BIN:
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<collectionCode id="301831A7204E381CD34FAC1030B4A6E2">BOLD</collectionCode>
:
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•
<materialsCitation id="6AB823F97502A5AC3A14FE4645794A42" collectingDate="2018-12-03" collectionCode="SHOU, BOLD" collectorName="X. Lin" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.612" location="Windhoek" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.091002" specimenCode="NAMCH 015-19, ADY 3994" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Khomas">
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;
<collectingRegion id="A669C4D4157EFD299D308EDDC540B26C" country="Namibia" name="Khomas">KHOMAS</collectingRegion>
;
<location id="77117EA5800F878F572DFDCF7AD4DE32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6DBF8F5A90515356A98FF0CD81F3F204:77117EA5800F878F572DFDCF7AD4DE32" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.612" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.091002" name="Windhoek" stateProvince="Khomas">Windhoek</location>
;
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<geoCoordinate id="3250D6542D306D37B4B1236F0292C930" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="43.2" value="-22.612">22 ° 36 ' 43.2 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A56EB65E1433F487DFC1867A3E10BBF2" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="5" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="27.6" value="17.091002">17 ° 5 ' 27.6 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="C72786DB2AFE86E4555038A59EE79E28" value="2018-12-03">
<collectingDate id="D57C1CD602E95A6669CC8E0345F2161B" value="2018-12-03">3 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="109C8AECFB045A9267399F0DE62D4CCA">X. Lin</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="D59FF0A36B51EE6BAC651FEF9AC792DF">light trap</collectingMethod>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EPBAI" xlink_title="College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University">
<collectionCode id="A5623FFC44384BD9A4083A5DE0808E64">SHOU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETBAI" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="83BEFE590C23B86DC258E362BEA81DE7">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
specimen code: NAM 76;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXBAI" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="45DE9544BDD5CA59786AE0E5D60647AE">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
sequence ID;
<ext-link id="88AA297995B785654EEB6C27D1AA5831" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMCH015-19" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="354621730C066BDA93C87F25D8B90687" collectionCode="NAMCH">NAMCH 015-19</specimenCode>
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;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EACAI" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="5184926C94A3F87484CEEFCF82D79447">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
BIN:
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<collectionCode id="6E69D978339A59FBC2BB3DEDED2C302B">BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="BEDFA3C061AE31F6613F934DBEF54596" collectionCode="BOLD">ADY 3994</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="4D580B358548809FE44FBD720AA01615" collectingDate="2018-12-01" collectionCode="V, NMNW, BOLD" collectorName="Baranov" country="Namibia" latitude="-24.2633" location="Tufa" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Mountain Zebra Park" specimenCode="NAMOE 025-22, ACK 4391" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Hardap">
<specimenCount id="1CD81AB5636D1778B8DA7772F78168E2" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="2F166EF1A532D4C4A9BB4ADA9FD6A5E6" country="Namibia" name="Hardap">HARDAP</collectingRegion>
; Naukluft
<collectingMunicipality id="04CA1FE9E347E496003A211919C4B5B5">Mountain Zebra Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="B13DBDF16B0844EB202C1262CE9B2AF7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6DBF8F5A90515356A98FF0CD81F3F204:B13DBDF16B0844EB202C1262CE9B2AF7" country="Namibia" latitude="-24.2633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Mountain Zebra Park" name="Tufa" stateProvince="Hardap">Tufa</location>
waterfalls;
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<geoCoordinate id="90DF3466BA2FA51433A60C7D2166B30D" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.88" value="-24.2633">24 ° 15 ' 47.88 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F810AC065A0BA8131AE0E9D3C0DC941D" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="44.76" value="16.229101">16 ° 13 ' 44.76 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="104A946D1B86FD6DED591355A56A2A29" value="2018-12-01">
<collectingDate id="6F4853ED49B1CC5607C6E426C768DEBB" value="2018-12-01">1 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3154746ABC80EECAC6F43C2BE4DFD27E" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="1F7DA7DD916DC6E5F975F0F6BD3FEA78">Baranov</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="6F9A50A93AFA43EFAB6F0FB9D1291467">sweep net</collectingMethod>
;
<named-content id="C44E85DA81AF9D39C614A0F192E20D58" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectionCode id="CAC328DED6B1FD5A414E87F446E325C9" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" type="">NMNW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EVCAI" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="D35EE8A6243960FB119227D7D04B4232">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
specimen code: NAM-Chiro 25;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EZCAI" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="95224DCB302A3301040B623F47E93CAD">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
sequence ID:
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<specimenCode id="C7053B19E25D9EF1D989D75D019A8F16" collectionCode="NAMOE">NAMOE 025-22</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ECDAI" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="800C424236731F48D8BD4461F114B633">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
BIN:
<ext-link id="8B8DEB54C6935B246F6C52B60E7D240A" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:ACK4391" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="C1F208313169A3EDD21EA621D4ACDF13">BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="4293DD0FD1C4021FF1B8D4451E894BFA" collectionCode="BOLD">ACK 4391</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="9BA99267C8C41B1AD006690DF660CB76" collectingDate="2018-12-04" collectionCode="SHOU, BOLD" collectorName="X. Lin" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.1106" location="Gross Barmen" longLatPrecision="14" longitude="16.745" specimenCode="NAMCH 056-20, ACK 4391" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">
<specimenCount id="9435810A93E189EAE92AF05D51C26E81" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="D8D3E86966A834C1B0A185803AA8BEDA" country="Namibia" name="Otjozondjupa">OTJOZONDJUPA</collectingRegion>
;
<location id="B3AADDC289E27E95B4273A691C797D66" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6DBF8F5A90515356A98FF0CD81F3F204:B3AADDC289E27E95B4273A691C797D66" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.1106" longLatPrecision="14" longitude="16.745" name="Gross Barmen" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">Gross Barmen</location>
;
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<geoCoordinate id="4A4D28CCF26362B28BA77F7895A8D45C" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="38.16" value="-22.1106">22 ° 6 ' 38.16 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="2A8C669A17CF448E659CEAC87EF0707A" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="16.745">16 ° 44 ' 42 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="7684D38230E11976E2BCEB4D45B61BB3" value="2018-12-04">
<collectingDate id="C1E4802FE20547608033FE5DDC8004BF" value="2018-12-04">4 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="ED62FF89334810EC480F9E26D44099C1">X. Lin</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="4BDB67BDB0800064684CD6A3FF08E842">sweep net</collectingMethod>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETDAI" xlink_title="College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University">
<collectionCode id="6586CA3ED878687C8BED31CBC9E389E8">SHOU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXDAI" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="3D3AC2A7C8D81037C336826BFF828E5E">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
specimen code: NAM 66;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2DAI" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="07F0EDB7770C02D3EC8ABAA208CF6169">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
sequence ID:
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<specimenCode id="45FBED33A7A038740AA77D7C9A3D6C25" collectionCode="NAMCH">NAMCH 056-20</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
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<collectionCode id="D3CFF5DA6FFC19D18B71407EA8568B9A">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
BIN:
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<collectionCode id="577BE3ADAF7C9C56D8B02F6C6D61745C">BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="F13AD2C9F0E7E23DE00312C7A12B36E5" collectionCode="BOLD">ACK 4391</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ENEAI" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="FE5501BA31B07767573B7FAD9022BF6C">
<heading id="42110715EC89F17C857F866A006001B4" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4D2053EFFFEE42321B704F55C2ABBB3">
This is the first record of the species from
<collectingCountry id="AD04732B4CFCF936BFBBA50E6CA504C2" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, otherwise recorded from numerous countries:
<collectingCountry id="04C002D12CD85B1BC8EA8368441D40EB" name="Algeria">Algeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="3BE0FCD8A042768CAD62C57A25BEFC0B" name="Australia">Australia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="36FEF56509D3DAB347FEAA2AC91F67BC" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CD445B1C7E224D0B239F833E208328" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A6E69880ECD609A287B89E7986CFDA56" name="Egypt">Egypt</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8DDE02A487C9AF515B2EB2F6CD2D33C6" name="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="212D70817E13157B4B0DF64F3D180431" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="6CC91FF6D4663E148062961DD6A5C78F" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="59A9F7C8437340770BA3173B439B98B1" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="582C0139CF4D529DCA7C8BF4EE10B12C" name="Lebanon">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7543F18F4D3AFFFBABBD48641559BC76" name="Myanmar">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B2FF304646E9FF96FE5C1DDB5E279D88" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="AE0E610DD259DF187A4CB643FDF0C59B" name="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="74ABA83485FE96985AD02535BE5B2C53" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="40DB14F3E5D499979B32E721B9C10C83" name="Spain">Spain</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="36E71D8868CD1868A9CF18A065AD5012" name="Sudan">Sudan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="AB42491DDFF13295C81C19710D4A3E71" name="Uganda">Uganda</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="B5C1787FEF98AE84488D204E56EC7BD6" name="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="48DDED4A0D8B8506D4455D598F4D0D4E" author="Freeman" firstAuthor="Freeman" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="285-368" refId="B16" refString="Freeman P (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 4: 285–368." title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="4" year="1956">Freeman 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FCB454FD4D006330421BC1AC2616960C" DOI="10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" author="Freeman and Cranston" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pagination="323-329" refId="B20" refString="Freeman P, Cranston P (1980) Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175–202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species. Oriental Insects 39 (1): 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" title="Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175-202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species." volume="39" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6F1F2A26178F6C999CF8DADD3A71FA4F" author="Curtis" firstAuthor="Curtis" journalOrPublisher="Madoqua" pagination="163-187" refId="B4" refString="Curtis B (1991) Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia. Madoqua 1991: 163–187." title="Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia." volume="1991" year="1991">Curtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FCBDB119E951ADB69FE9E4F626C05DC9" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="568E100E9B8DC63C755BA5F477407E5B" DOI="10.3897/zookeys.183.2834" author="Qi" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Qi" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pagination="23-26" refId="B32" refString="Qi X, Lin XL, Wang XH (2012) Review of Dicrotendipes kieffer from China (Diptera, Chironomidae). ZooKeys 183: 23–26. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.183.2834" title="Review of Dicrotendipes kieffer from China (Diptera, Chironomidae)." volume="183" year="2012">Qi et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

70
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species.
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<emphasis id="88F6994164576E4FDA6422DC13F9300B" italics="true">Thomisus sabulosus</emphasis>
Hahn, 1832
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212
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<collectingCountry id="CFD36A44A1724BB6E4E28F93B7326818" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
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outflow;
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•
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Baranov,
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leg.;
<named-content id="7B6E46B07D3BD7B627B7DCE1C168F5E7" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectionCode id="AB39DDC99D0332179044BE5AB890AC44" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" type="">NMNW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ETIBG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="2D8CDC7D1EA840FBCBED13035B83E6BE">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
specimen code: NAM-Chiro 6;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXIBG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="2934CC5FA90F6ADE9F51C90E80974A84">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
sequence ID:
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<specimenCode id="9273D43D88394AE547F9989E0B36A1F9" collectionCode="NAMOE">NAMOE 006-22</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EAJBG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="4AA416C147F242030B212EF129C24C69">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
BIN:
<ext-link id="2AC730195705157723886E02357FBA99" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:AAH9824" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="60A63E4069CF1029E36C16A802DFA069">BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="C32FDD3B25C619F80CFC19CE25BDB430" collectionCode="BOLD">AAH 9824</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJJBG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="78608611D6C61FD6ECEEABB6DEFBBE28">
<heading id="F64E29344F2A8ADD15ED762CA7990BA8" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F156B48925A1DE733E29F5051CA48655">
This is the first record of the species from
<collectingCountry id="70B57ACA9116651D32BB9398A3A435CF" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="18BB52098D46B62844C7C2A1F51FF6DA" author="Freeman" firstAuthor="Freeman" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="285-368" refId="B16" refString="Freeman P (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 4: 285–368." title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="4" year="1956">Freeman 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D178517D9978CA182C9F285C8271C434" DOI="10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" author="Freeman and Cranston" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pagination="323-329" refId="B20" refString="Freeman P, Cranston P (1980) Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175–202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species. Oriental Insects 39 (1): 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" title="Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175-202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species." volume="39" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DB0568287AEF8606AF8450C4A15328B2" author="Curtis" firstAuthor="Curtis" journalOrPublisher="Madoqua" pagination="163-187" refId="B4" refString="Curtis B (1991) Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia. Madoqua 1991: 163–187." title="Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia." volume="1991" year="1991">Curtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7352EC131D245F292E64EB24E729388C" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Otherwise, this species is occurring in
<collectingCountry id="259BF893F5D97CB088156973D8D224CE" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="C0190BB056DFF21194DE3247AED23B5E" name="Mozambique">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="70CB561538F5D7D74169E564ADCDFFF0" name="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0F5956E9874D6679AF4DC6597B268F1A" name="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0D014F8AC284748CB455DCE78F22A059" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="24AC325E25C659D02222E50B0A0AAB5D" name="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="886925598B8A7A200288792C162B9946" author="Freeman" firstAuthor="Freeman" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="285-368" refId="B16" refString="Freeman P (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 4: 285–368." title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="4" year="1956">Freeman 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="54A04D8E2759A03261C716F8DDD5FDFD" DOI="10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" author="Freeman and Cranston" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pagination="323-329" refId="B20" refString="Freeman P, Cranston P (1980) Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175–202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species. Oriental Insects 39 (1): 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" title="Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175-202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species." volume="39" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="48B2FEAF5BCFA3B3C7A81B4409496E95" author="Cranston and Judd" firstAuthor="Cranston" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Saudi Arabia" pagination="236-289" refId="B5" refString="Cranston PS, Judd DD (1989) Diptera: Family Chirononlidae of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna Saudi Arabia 10: 236–289." title="Diptera: Family Chirononlidae of the Arabian Peninsula." volume="10" year="1989">Cranston and Judd 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FD68AED01FC658574D8BC1171DB552E2" DOI="10.1163/22119434-99900054" author="Ekrem" firstAuthor="Ekrem" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pagination="5-40" refId="B9" refString="Ekrem T (2001) A review of Afrotropical Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 144 (1): 5–40. https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-99900054" title="A review of Afrotropical Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae)." volume="144" year="2001">Ekrem 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5CEA70F8A972534010E8E8D4D267F384" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

222
data/79/8D/98/798D986B7DC85818B19F52A807F00532.xml Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
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<treatment id="798D986B7DC85818B19F52A807F00532" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306039" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13306039" ID-arpha="798D986B-7DC8-5818-B19F-52A807F00532" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:798D986B7DC85818B19F52A807F00532" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/798D986B7DC85818B19F52A807F00532">
<subSubSection id="9FE0DD53B0B304574C0705183B2D1AD0" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0E936A84D776C288892567066087AE1D">
<taxonomicName id="A187B002BA47F4575727EC3A2461797E" ID-CoL="ZG6N" authority="Freeman, 1953" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1953" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cricotopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="8BA4208F9F2DF33F60D574D975865C8C" italics="true">Cricotopus obscurus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="BC030B48AADD40B2C947F19CA0BB4E6B" DOI="10.1111/j.1365-3113.1953.tb00071.x" author="Freeman P" issue="7-8" journalOrPublisher="Series B, Taxonomy" pagination="127-135" refId="B13" refString="Freeman P (1953) Chironomidae (Diptera) from Western Cape province-I. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B, Taxonomy 22 (7 - 8): 127 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1953. tb 00071. x" title="Chironomidae (Diptera) from Western Cape province-I. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London." volume="22" year="1953">Freeman, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZLAE" type="material">
<paragraph id="B2F8B9267A1223E557B62078439DC4AD">
<heading id="1579C7FB8FE56E011114AA0EB758EB22" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="960FB01A8F89B48E510000864C667CCD">
<materialsCitation id="A2A49B9D70840375C3252F0CF8C67CEA" collectingDate="2018-12-02" collectingDateMax="2018-12-07" collectingDateMin="2018-12-02" collectionCode="NMNW, V" collectorName="G. M. Kvifte &amp; Baranov" country="Namibia" county="Windhoek" latitude="-22.0148" location="Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.953402" municipality="Arebbusch river" specimenCount="123" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="122" stateProvince="Khomas">
<collectingCountry id="9885D1520B24DC526C7057B1CA7D22A1" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="3726464C85B40BCB21E3965B861DF29E" count="3" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="7E7ABE44ECAF0F4ABC45BFD94E53EED1" country="Namibia" name="Khomas">KHOMAS</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingCounty id="B51B153987B56C6DBEAA68A639D33D52">Windhoek</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="1A074F5BB40779304DD84692E3CE0704">Arebbusch river</collectingMunicipality>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ECMAE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[17.054400,-22.574700]}">
<geoCoordinate id="B34AA3E1F85B579035F177295EC80393" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="28.92" value="-22.574701">22 ° 34 ' 28.92 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AFE16AAF2B2A870CBFD97A1D68E6D152" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="15.84" value="17.0544">17 ° 3 ' 15.84 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="F9B0821950DA79A14CD76052CAB71B1E" value="2018-12-07">
<collectingDate id="6560173650DD86D29ABA0D7E2CC15A0F" value="2018-12-07">7 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="1CBD3A36E82A9A34A7B63E5AD3BEDE29">G. M. Kvifte</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="A53D9223E4FD254AD307DF1F27A42B8B">sweep net</collectingMethod>
;
<named-content id="10ACE68ED89F512721C242B7D62CB8CA" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectionCode id="E09D13E92797F1465A289B882AE1D5E7" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" type="">NMNW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
;
<specimenCount id="6C1E64B4E69337069CACB31E67957B00" count="119" type="male">119 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="69AEBBA90AA83A5A7DC41B5154F741AE" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="CBEBCB15AF4FE4FEF8E4288F1933F4C1" country="Namibia" name="Otjozondjupa">OTJOZONDJUPA</collectingRegion>
;
<location id="5A94086865271514423BD9726DC832D9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:798D986B7DC85818B19F52A807F00532:5A94086865271514423BD9726DC832D9" country="Namibia" county="Windhoek" latitude="-22.0148" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.953402" municipality="Arebbusch river" name="Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve" stateProvince="Khomas">Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve</location>
,
<location id="2F2AFA1F1D1DA15CBB1DBC3F1361432F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:798D986B7DC85818B19F52A807F00532:2F2AFA1F1D1DA15CBB1DBC3F1361432F" country="Namibia" county="Windhoek" latitude="-22.0148" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.953402" municipality="Arebbusch river" name="Swakop river" stateProvince="Khomas">Swakop river</location>
outflow;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EOMAE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[16.953400,-22.014800]}">
<geoCoordinate id="AFE45262511C2E0D588667F897A25C38" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="0" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="53.28" value="-22.0148">22 ° 0 ' 53.28 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5A4751C685DDBCB6B17A480484ECDE85" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="12.24" value="16.953402">16 ° 57 ' 12.24 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="CE2216CE18402FEB4B6941CC8ACF260D" value="2018-12-02">
<collectingDate id="8D4FCBE463373C5C8673B60FC3686A32" value="2018-12-02">2 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectionCode id="3F0B67452B04A5B64CC0CDB9E6C531E9" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="65EEA5F8EC92EA4FC15D4CA96CEC301D">Baranov</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="69BE6B85538175F683D34D104894E76C">sweep net</collectingMethod>
;
<named-content id="95DB3B758F73AAC97488AD47DF045562" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectionCode id="17B663F9AE1077B1D6B1566806A7266B" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" type="">NMNW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="26337A7523F07507A3E89C98C4B60625" collectingDate="2018-12-02" collectingDateMax="2018-12-10" collectingDateMin="2018-12-02" collectionCode="V, NMNW" collectorName="Baranov" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.0148" location="Swakop river" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.953402" municipality="Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve" specimenCount="116" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="115" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">
<specimenCount id="5299BA0C41AE1FC8D95995AAFE4B1A6E" count="115" type="male">115 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="FBE6C057266A7AB41C854FEFF872D572" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="FF380F5D7E4038AF7FFD282460DFC7DA" country="Namibia" name="Otjozondjupa">OTJOZONDJUPA</collectingRegion>
;
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,
<location id="5308FB1967F8C27587FF98C2D901FEE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:798D986B7DC85818B19F52A807F00532:5308FB1967F8C27587FF98C2D901FEE8" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.0148" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.953402" municipality="Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve" name="Swakop river" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">Swakop river</location>
outflow;
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<geoCoordinate id="2E3C0253D3C5128E150264067AC22C53" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="0" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="53.28" value="-22.0148">22 ° 0 ' 53.28 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BBDE2BC8C715F70CBCF40E9487D9E5B8" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="12.24" value="16.953402">16 ° 57 ' 12.24 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="33B862B7B83C32F269556FB8A045A72E" value="2018-12-02" valueMax="2018-12-10" valueMin="2018-12-02">
<collectingDate id="A1FA4933BFA106BFA3837801510EFA78" value="2018-12-02" valueMax="2018-12-10" valueMin="2018-12-02">2–10 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectionCode id="D86C2811A07724FFBC2FFC79073738C9" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="D29FA0ED6F5A144EFE6B0A01158248CD">Baranov</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="99E4C2CC4023F2A43C80DE302CF9C8F4">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
;
<named-content id="B83D5E14E630835F67259012BF80D435" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectionCode id="0781CB557BE37375D0598073D495B398" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" type="">NMNW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="A6BD179DB4E60796729C4335715503BC" collectingDate="2018-12-04" collectionCode="SHOU" collectorName="X. Lin &amp; No" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.1106" location="Gross Barmen" longLatPrecision="14" longitude="16.745" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">
<specimenCount id="57540276173948CFFBA35AD4061794D9" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="F47D7401E38EB12E9BF77F2DC66E65DA" country="Namibia" name="Otjozondjupa">OTJOZONDJUPA</collectingRegion>
;
<location id="6AB7AE34B7D77E879A30CE6A08CF584C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:798D986B7DC85818B19F52A807F00532:6AB7AE34B7D77E879A30CE6A08CF584C" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.1106" longLatPrecision="14" longitude="16.745" name="Gross Barmen" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">Gross Barmen</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EGNAE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[16.745000,-22.110600]}">
<geoCoordinate id="621F3F27D1CF55814D90AEB9A43C9F40" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="38.16" value="-22.1106">22 ° 6 ' 38.16 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A631CD413A9CE7CA11005F008CA37D17" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="16.745">16 ° 44 ' 42 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="5ECD51043625C3A8A819DC8B5111B678" value="2018-12-04">
<collectingDate id="66E4A40EC9AFC03581F7C2B93E22DF38" value="2018-12-04">4 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="F9659ACDECCCEB1D6FA4A288714CCA3E">X. Lin</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="AEFA1A6D482FBBE7021CB23855C558B1">sweep net</collectingMethod>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ELNAE" xlink_title="College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University">
<collectionCode id="6642D3B63BC7D32AF6E46AC89EC365E5">SHOU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
;
<collectorName id="4E10B6D36082EC88D073714554B04260">No</collectorName>
specimens of this species were successfully barcoded as a part of this project
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EPNAE" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E75D32FE0EF8E3DCCAEB41376CD5EB1B">
<heading id="B4604535B661F189AAE44C47327AE894" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E3FCB3C4B7AC2BF570C59F6DA0141558">
Species is present in
<collectingCountry id="3E19B8B6925A15A9B96107F5DEAE545B" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1AA42E03B2A60BD03EE2445B4739EC1F" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
<collectingCountry id="06E1CEEE68C8D3696EC00778D104777A" name="Lesotho">Lesotho</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B204B035891BD743DA63DC92B7DF021F" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5FB71470B41E22C4725CAFC9B37AE3BC" name="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FF3A21A6438DD17C96E08C93A9D5CBB2" name="Senegal">Senegal</collectingCountry>
(uncertain) (
<bibRefCitation id="00D8AE19112204F175408829044C421E" author="Ashe and O'Connor" firstAuthor="Ashe" refId="B3" refString="Ashe P, O’Connor JP (2012) A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Díptera). Part 2. Orthocladiinae. Two volumes (Sections A, B). Irish Biogeographical Society, Dublin, [14] + [xvi +] 468 pp., [6] + 500 pp." year="2012">Ashe and O’Connor 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

513
data/88/29/F5/8829F564D34F59FD8F78E64F272508E4.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,513 @@
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<mods:title id="AE2EDBC508272C6AEC095712CAEA2950">Uncovering the hidden diversity of non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) from central Namibia, using morphology and DNA barcodes</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="7E346EA1EA9EC904396B87C680DD37D5">
<taxonomicName id="5CA2E93DABB3F3A5321FBD7E5FEE456E" authority="Baranov" authorityName="Baranov &amp; Lin &amp; Hübner &amp; Chimeno" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraphaenocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namibiae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="254463873C3C20A8821487E7544E91E8" italics="true">Paraphaenocladius namibiae</emphasis>
Baranov
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7E91675A85C3AE31F42852C2D19A4A7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C8B0F66B766B11913B6B68766E3FD9C">
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,
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EOMAG" type="material">
<paragraph id="418B095AC6A22611E25EA059637ACFEB">
<heading id="E16C05D13B73923F347873BDE0F43259" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD01B051124FFCBD7C2BAC1D2E030105">
<materialsCitation id="1B843DBD7A357E696BA7CAA39C385FC9" collectingDate="2018-12-01" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Baranov" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" location="Mountain Zebra Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hardap" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="7D5EB4BA61ECB6231580C929213EFB84" bold="true">
<emphasis id="A210AB0E670AA0103E9FA32939FEA79D" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="A895C9795C898F90532726E8A94DA336" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="44C6E411F4A4DDDF7E2388E5EA85A4B8" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
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;
<collectingRegion id="20AE3A49ED67B0D172E85EF68DF978EF" country="Namibia" name="Hardap">HARDAP</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingCounty id="A6FE21B0ACC36A154699774030FBE97C">
<collectingMunicipality id="830700ABD1A31889CED3B7AFFDE70061">
Naukluft
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</collectingMunicipality>
</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="0A6EDE1805553F9EF3FD25F092BD2132" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8829F564D34F59FD8F78E64F272508E4:0A6EDE1805553F9EF3FD25F092BD2132" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" name="Tufa" stateProvince="Hardap">Tufa</location>
waterfalls;
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<geoCoordinate id="349F595E56F86A88F61A46EC280D4996" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.88" value="-24.2633">24 ° 15 ' 47.88 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E53DA91593E4A427287EE6E6E5DAD2A5" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="44.76" value="16.229101">16 ° 13 ' 44.76 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<collectingDate id="C211B2C28A7D790DB5A1804B9F233D34" value="2018-12-01">1 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectionCode id="2E855D3A3DAFA03366CC1CAC430E6944" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="E4ABE5E902DF91C14315B33BFCF082DC">Baranov</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="F2AF65D627AB90590D3CE66360E3F235">sweep net</collectingMethod>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="94261A89DAFED16FA7FED688A6F7F911" collectionCode="NMNW" country="Namibia" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hardap" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="7ABC0E5B77AE5874565381624606B395" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
is deposited at
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<collectionCode id="8F20DEB9FB7FF3E87F47927E861BB711" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" type="">NMNW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE68C2298C4EE8C99896E98EED19CAB2">
<materialsCitation id="41AC4F8BF72C678D20986018DC684C06" collectingDate="2018-12-01" collectionCode="V, BOLD" collectorName="Baranov" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" location="Mountain Zebra Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" specimenCode="NAMOE 027-22, NAMOE 028-22" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Hardap" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="9F7745A2BC93B10B1BB1F3D72B822C60" bold="true">
<emphasis id="52285C439008EBED9F14900371BE967A" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="41FF6218ECC81C9853E4293AB24950A3" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F4045B77C5DD1FC1399CE339C4D367F0" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="8892008F91D0F850FBC55B30DD4287E7" count="2" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="765670B5AF3EC40D6AC49D2951433DF0" country="Namibia" name="Hardap">HARDAP</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingCounty id="01FCF1109014C52E923CB1EFA622AD56">
<collectingMunicipality id="49BFFE99B381AE85114D4412CDFD8066">
Naukluft
<location id="222EE8736977966BF299406220A9F903" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8829F564D34F59FD8F78E64F272508E4:222EE8736977966BF299406220A9F903" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" name="Mountain Zebra Park" stateProvince="Hardap">Mountain Zebra Park</location>
</collectingMunicipality>
</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="15635265C5BE1C387C1CCF31CF8BC5CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8829F564D34F59FD8F78E64F272508E4:15635265C5BE1C387C1CCF31CF8BC5CB" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" name="Tufa" stateProvince="Hardap">Tufa</location>
waterfalls;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EPNAG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[16.229100,-24.263300]}">
<geoCoordinate id="930A16D12A39035C5587A551F2302D3D" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.88" value="-24.2633">24 ° 15 ' 47.88 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="B6FA9F2E9A283171FB845F6323E878A9" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="44.76" value="16.229101">16 ° 13 ' 44.76 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="1235C20180F02DF3D88C4FA67A438787" value="2018-12-01">
<collectingDate id="72D9990F9E8728CD3481F575F3D0B9CE" value="2018-12-01">1 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectionCode id="0D9C7C66A8EA1742EF39B3A1AAFBB89D" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="947ABD188AAACF7E7A37EB331D67669D">Baranov</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="A8822A1454A505CB880C61ED3F3A9A9E">sweep net</collectingMethod>
;
<named-content id="E24A43C0F61B7CC909C28773381D630C" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectingRegion id="52CFA0E3CDC0B17B28D5B5E91DCE9FAF" country="Namibia" name="NMNW">NMNW</collectingRegion>
</named-content>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYNAG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="8782DC7E1B7B0541BC6224A900DF1722">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
specimen codes: NAM-Chiro 27; NAM-Chiro 28;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3NAG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="DA82E1E83ED4C141F43200ED253AEF2B">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
sequence ID:
<ext-link id="2B3872CBE03FAEC49C7DD11043D7F7D8" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMOE027-22" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="1E944F9F63080D6C6235217FC0F7712B" collectionCode="NAMOE">NAMOE 027-22</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
,
<ext-link id="9EDF9975572E7859C9D485F959BD1A46" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=NAMOE028-22" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="F90DB95F88492382842DB783A0C08680" collectionCode="NAMOE">NAMOE 028-22</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
. (poorly preserved, used in barcoding, vouchers non-recovered)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D53F26DD66475537BE3C8789EB915D3">
Both sequences were of lower quality, providing rather inconclusive barcode-based identification (See Suppl. material
<xref id="7ACA3C315D58AB815A54F95024AC8EC2" ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">1</xref>
). The closest match in
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQOAG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="71B92A7808D98BF5F9518E60D4C92D01">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
v. 4 database was
<taxonomicName id="97ED7CE3046658FABF6DB1435D4FD435" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Corynoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="011CBD841654179D15CEA40716B6B0A2" italics="true">Corynoneura</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(private record), with match of the barcode of 87.99 % (Suppl. material
<xref id="6297A1ADDCA630327550273ECA5E367A" ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S3">3</xref>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E6OAG" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="20A915694340D4C21C17C6DE0B8719CA">
<heading id="1EBE8E4E9C945AD0373174D58E4D4B57" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FCF0DCFCB5A7F3EDCEDF231B74CC5FA4">
Differs from all other known species of
<taxonomicName id="B10CD5AEA8C953CEF6045ABD95CA57E0" authorityName="Thienemann" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraphaenocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="843AD2DB448C755E1A621D15FD1F2334" italics="true">Paraphaenocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the combination of the cell proximal to crossvein
<emphasis id="3CB59B90E4B9957C45A7B7EAB9CED269" italics="true">r – m</emphasis>
with no setae, anal point of abdominal tergite X with parallel-sided tip, free of visible setae (except for a few microtrichia, virga absent, gonostylus with low, elongated crista dorsalis.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EOPAG" type="description">
<paragraph id="B607F656FAAA11B91D87C8955BF51522">
<heading id="814BDE9BAFFD71E4FFE2C664CF54C631" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D7A5078DF4E1F7BE6A749472AFF6158">
Adult male (
<typeStatus id="B224FC27B9E65070D858B1B82F1C2A43" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, male; n = 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8155178E7700A0FB32F2E19946FB0039">
<emphasis id="B1D7DDBEBFBD876AD1B5D9B4F70D9A71" bold="true" italics="true">Total length</emphasis>
<quantity id="3D6AEA804EF817F267EEA7803FB538EB" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
, wing length
<quantity id="160388EE352EF9EFC75F3EFD293CFF35" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
. Overall greenish colour, with yellow stripes on the scutum, small chironomid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED53F45A96C61108F10FB4467F31623C">
<emphasis id="D1D0FCA46E0752E81FD12A0F4589A434" bold="true" italics="true">Antennae</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="C5922D4128302A33ED8238927AA5886A" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was missing antennae upon sorting out from the samples.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9DE7844B9117BE3636CD2BA07A4B4C0E">
<emphasis id="BE6A040273161C0BA493AA6AED29F167" bold="true" italics="true">Head</emphasis>
: Eyes with short, wedge-shaped extension. Temporal setae (n = 1) 9, with 4 inner and 5 outer verticals, 3 orbital setae, clypeus with 8 setae. Tentorium 120 µm. Palpomeres’ length in µm (n = 1): 2
<superScript id="EC214E451614343CCD33CE6BA204AC77">nd</superScript>
- 33, 3
<superScript id="367AFA1695F87ED8CB5C10B9E83CAF9A">rd</superScript>
– 88, 4
<superScript id="8FD29902F923CF7574F93A8CA956B351">th</superScript>
- 95, 5
<superScript id="292CEC5B77B8A9CBAD0C1CFC3855D82B">th</superScript>
- 95 (Figs
<figureCitation id="106AE6404831012475B30AA770853572" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paraphaenocladius namibiae sp. nov. holotype, adult male A head B hypopygium C wing." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038069">7 A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="58BF3DB3D1A47450CFD09D02CFB02BF6" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paraphaenocladius namibiae sp. nov. holotype, adult male A head B hypogium" figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038070">8 B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="E8DEC972EC079C2F93AF0B24A38A52DA" ID-DOI="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure7" ID-arpha="D801F705-3E00-5BED-BABF-CDBC3F014E5A" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038069" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="8E98569F590393C6FCC0F109ED123A2C">
<label id="E857B4B78F69D6ADB5A2C385894B2C47">Figure 7.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="08D4A8478C234AC1BB847158CD11B3F0">
<taxonomicName id="7355EF032D8D2CAD18B8FE4B28ACB7AF" authorityName="Baranov &amp; Lin &amp; Hübner &amp; Chimeno" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraphaenocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namibiae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FC4A610A682A16A25DE30E0CA40A77F9" italics="true">Paraphaenocladius namibiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F478502F22AEFE08146D47CAC9836B07" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype, adult male
<emphasis id="401F3D66051E814EEE27279C03B237BC" bold="true">A</emphasis>
head
<emphasis id="117F0B6856C3B1B27CBBC2148DFB5EE7" bold="true">B</emphasis>
hypopygium
<emphasis id="C9EF75E9EDBAE80D1BB6E825F15CADAD" bold="true">C</emphasis>
wing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="30BE78F2D8EE9A52574F6CA2A18D78D6" ID-DOI="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure8" ID-arpha="F82A6809-16EC-5464-A256-CE8683F1843E" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038070" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="D23D003BA0F24C96431176C666CD652A">
<label id="F0C6D276CF0B1871E357094A3A4BEF13">Figure 8.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D5B27755F5F9BFE120DC66090CD7EE47">
<taxonomicName id="E8F0E240812D9A5734E187FF1B4CF007" authorityName="Baranov &amp; Lin &amp; Hübner &amp; Chimeno" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraphaenocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namibiae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1CBC28A4903A189C03EAE48163FE76B7" italics="true">Paraphaenocladius namibiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="38095F7572273C6B94D4F671F6D18873" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
holotype, adult male
<emphasis id="83F3F69BD1209423B27CF56D33FF5595" bold="true">A</emphasis>
head
<emphasis id="92F78A9B072B30F3DC39778062D1AC74" bold="true">B</emphasis>
hypogium
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0E576292E21C09529312F8F5A46E2A85">
<emphasis id="E35907B91C3CDDBA8224540882585C77" bold="true" italics="true">Thorax</emphasis>
: Anteropronotal setae - 3, Dorsocentral setae - 15, Acrostichals - 5, scutellars – 8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="007D9F298607BF7619209EA2EA859E5B">
<emphasis id="0B05F6F0BC5A1A22D362F0FBDE9D2A2B" bold="true" italics="true">Legs</emphasis>
: all legs are missing tarsomeres. Fore and mid tibiae with one tibial spur, hind tibia with two spurs. Leg elements lengths as listed in Table
<tableCitation id="DE4F6875E6D65F185F44BD691138EC60" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Length (in μm) of leg segments of Paraphaenocladius namibiae sp. nov., male (n = 1)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3E7CF8DF0A5468FB61CD5B89FDE66BAD" tableUuid="3E7CF8DF0A5468FB61CD5B89FDE66BAD">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="3E7CF8DF0A5468FB61CD5B89FDE66BAD" ID-Table-UUID="3E7CF8DF0A5468FB61CD5B89FDE66BAD" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3E7CF8DF0A5468FB61CD5B89FDE66BAD" startId="T1">
<paragraph id="F515160D7336CD1271700FF2A33A8846">
<label id="D8DA25E4F4A368A1DE1AA777F7C2495E">Table 1.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="081E3E2678CBBAB1E7340D87209CCF55">
Length (in μm) of leg segments of
<taxonomicName id="01499A77EC43CB2B42BFA6259550DD32" authorityName="Baranov &amp; Lin &amp; Hübner &amp; Chimeno" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraphaenocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namibiae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="78E3270618CC2A2277E0214AA5C4C2D4" italics="true">Paraphaenocladius namibiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DA0A471ECB72AC5B6F306972E0D561BD" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, male (n = 1).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="BFD76400EDAA3DDCF89BC5255D4E5060">
<table id="TID0EERAI" rules="all">
<tbody id="D2492A923F81EA07A5947E5B559E847F">
<tr id="38F589C5FCFAC3CFA29626CB3A63A58A">
<th id="5FB6A2488E65D09147F02D6EDE1E49E8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leg</th>
<th id="FF8E1E4B640013044BDE1C28785E62BB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Femora</th>
<th id="A2AB138740718DCCA541A8784618466A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Tibia</th>
<th id="E6448D95275D08F61D87B2CDC0B602DE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Ta 1</th>
<th id="B58F6E952C85675ED31AD58B1832DB41" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Ta 2</th>
<th id="3A3CD93EF8A2967957B6694A98A3F939" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Ta 3</th>
<th id="3BD2971E064C050A984DBBB4213A3D02" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Ta 4</th>
<th id="402A2449230D0C6186E27996F9295437" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Ta 5</th>
</tr>
<tr id="A0665C116E20963C2D0F36CCCAF9572A">
<td id="9F9F8559F55088EF9721B37CC49C20CD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Foreleg</td>
<td id="D6A3E612DE30A3B42A1E14EC0431C810" colspan="1" rowspan="1">300</td>
<td id="40858DD32AD9EA5067CBD721D029D5B5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">250</td>
<td id="600C93CA52683D8B5F7B9A3BB50FD118" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
<td id="C6D749B8ABFE7F788F2D4D7775D25DC8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
<td id="6C51AA21BB99DEDF43EEC5A2CA1A8545" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
<td id="2607240D3B1351BECD0F39931591F2E1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
<td id="E8E82E202008C5AC13BEA73B3CCBC38B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="70CC09CB3FEB8776BC0AD5F90A2F70E3">
<td id="B5983ED69FB21364597B5458178E036D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Midleg</td>
<td id="3AB8BD7DD8DDDA71B012DFB188EE242D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">300</td>
<td id="00062D886B6A922A75956E0A7490EA5C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">260</td>
<td id="5457886EFE4B9507934D22B4F2F842F0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
<td id="0F43BC61471DC04AF3A6CC21338EAA20" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
<td id="78733013B4AD2E1683EF88C1E28D527A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
<td id="EBE603E7E486D6E19C9461292B6A3B8D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
<td id="F8FAB3E94B62C881D2102487C028549E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E2373AD9F598238BDA4A62E47D02BD38">
<td id="C93020A5EEA4D3D2F182D6FA1FDD99B3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Hindleg</td>
<td id="86CAEA460A621E0B3CD880640E8EB954" colspan="1" rowspan="1">340</td>
<td id="1AA70C2C3038F8D3FD1E35DDDB312C7F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">300</td>
<td id="2ADA67BDBB160807E14879682770832D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
<td id="62D3F7E1AE80CA4E4C00EA94C5B11ACD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
<td id="58017F9284FCE7794784EBC09EBA8DE2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
<td id="38F4DBD3849F37645A7E1DF7B00D5BE1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
<td id="77E8885232A63867DCEFB152E1F9F37E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">–</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0455B6B11AB8FA6D55B84DE74CC0671E">
<emphasis id="75F75B7F759AD1A4E2D3CDA39DEEDE33" bold="true" italics="true">Wing</emphasis>
<quantity id="13FDED426D1567D3B7FE4F93C7D9E0D4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
long. Anal lobe strongly reduced. Costal extension 70 µm long, with 6 non-marginal setae.
<emphasis id="399E5AA206FCA0F7AA168F53AB12DE88" italics="true">
Cu
<subScript id="10A32564575EE58741AB0F1FEB1AEF14">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
slightly sinuate.
<emphasis id="D4415071450DD42FFE67B987C59E59A4" italics="true">
<collectionCode id="4F743A4C6B00FBB658FB0AD9FC429AAC" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
with 28 setae.
<emphasis id="3F1391675E98C5D525D1D60BB46047DE" italics="true">
<collectionCode id="5D7B1B2156521C2EAE81512CC2EA6043" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
<subScript id="B38A917A42CE5FAE9EA1F84B335C08DB">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
with 11 setae,
<emphasis id="FE6E701EC09E353728B5918C2F215BB9" italics="true">
<collectionCode id="FF6C9E3307DB70761A3CD65ACE41BE3A" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
<subScript id="CB368FCDA9393CDA80414C2C83877B4C">4 + 5</subScript>
</emphasis>
with 30 setae.
<emphasis id="10FC1D7BDE3B18D695550FB158ABCE14" italics="true">r – m</emphasis>
bare,
<emphasis id="A7C1DE11196B632EA7C99D1978D68C95" italics="true">M</emphasis>
bare,
<emphasis id="0642AFF3EBBF54B8EDD0B8181946FA1C" italics="true">
M
<subScript id="1AB9E222D67817DB496139DAC6AC3F52">1 + 2</subScript>
</emphasis>
with 61 setae,
<emphasis id="01B7F84615ECAB86202A1F07E529A401" italics="true">
M
<subScript id="17021965B36EBC8B55D7D75995BA593E">3 + 4</subScript>
</emphasis>
with 48 setae.
<emphasis id="37160F1B3AE3FEF7E51A312712BF32DC" italics="true">Cu</emphasis>
with 29 setae, Cu
<subScript id="D44E8643964EAD10D48E0A9D0763D0A3">1</subScript>
with 33 setae.
<emphasis id="860066E90DCE2F253CDACD6C4D7CF2F2" italics="true">CuP</emphasis>
with 27 setae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F5F27E8DFE742BC1E45E61ABDBE06329" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paraphaenocladius namibiae sp. nov. holotype, adult male A head B hypopygium C wing." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038069">7 C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A11D3516DFBE5756C0BF1E09089904A8">
<emphasis id="CDD1321A48A42CCD6BBAFCCFA256DD81" bold="true">
<emphasis id="6972BC60287468B97105D34F821F9946" bold="true" italics="true">Hypopygium</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Anal point with mostly bare apex (bearing some microtrichia), 12 μm long, 5 μm wide, tip parallel-sided. Anal point with three pairs of strong lateral setae at the base. Sternapodeme 65 μm long, phalapodeme 36 μm long. Virga absent. Gonocoxite 100 μm long, with large, rounded inferior volsella. Gonostylus 55 μm long. Megasetae 7 μm long. Gonostylus with a strong, apically rounded megasetae (Figs
<figureCitation id="888696703F52E818806B5B79AD5433CF" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paraphaenocladius namibiae sp. nov. holotype, adult male A head B hypopygium C wing." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038069">7 B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="9D3DA2001F33E80F311154C9B24A04E1" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paraphaenocladius namibiae sp. nov. holotype, adult male A head B hypogium" figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038070">8 B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E1YAG" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="C5AA81372B09937304A2345DE26226EF">
<heading id="540F1BE86E6F09FCD8ED49D1B21D85FE" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="09E26055DF53FC162330B4436CBFDD56">
Named for
<collectingCountry id="DF70ECAB4D6FEF9354D4BDCBB7A442A4" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, the species’ country of origin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E6YAG" type="comments">
<paragraph id="7EC47D0624F31B59820663198AD082CF">
<heading id="7C5AAAC9DF7E7E8E2F08D4A183075082" reason="title">Comments.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B78B89A1BAE125931C955358A1FB207E">
Species was attributed to genus
<taxonomicName id="1A342E2ADBDBB2356690FE410D05BE85" authorityName="Thienemann" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraphaenocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B48ECC6DC2113DD605675530749B48FA" italics="true">Paraphaenocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on the combination of bare eyes with hairy wings, with Costal extension ending proximally to the tip of M
<subScript id="DA5A5DDABBF250C17FEDAF0A23470371">
<emphasis id="BB7ABC8EB725F05B9CBE9A5A96E5F6B1" italics="true">3 + 4</emphasis>
</subScript>
and Cu
<subScript id="1CD45D933AF9239FC576E09ECAD0CE6B">
<emphasis id="655D6AFE96F3B3902409D2BFE1EA73C9" italics="true">1</emphasis>
</subScript>
curved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D35DE3C7C1DCC4654763FD7CB16DE2F7">
Based on the combination of the cell m proximal to crossvein
<emphasis id="A063897D1C42A48DAA404FB0BB5051CA" italics="true">r – m</emphasis>
with zero setae, triangular anal point, with basal setae and bare apex, longer than wide and absent virga, the new species appears to belong to the
<taxonomicName id="348DF4151A92B2BA36EB2E5EF42E79F0" authorityName="Goetghebuer" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Corynoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dewulfi">
<emphasis id="0DC2E97C42B106B596E394E5DB9D4D41" italics="true">P. dewulfi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- species group sensu
<bibRefCitation id="25D644CFE2E9CACF773ED5C974A1AE8C" author="Sæther OA &amp; Wang X" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica scandinavica supplement" pagination="1-69" refId="B36" refString="Saether OA, Wang X (1995) Revision of the genus Paraphaenocladius Thienemann, 1924 of the world (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Entomologica scandinavica supplement 48: 1 - 69." title="Revision of the genus Paraphaenocladius Thienemann, 1924 of the world (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)." volume="48" year="1995">Sæther &amp; Wang, 1995</bibRefCitation>
. This group consists of three previously described species of
<taxonomicName id="719DABDB60AF61275E34D789C5B47BA2" authorityName="Thienemann" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraphaenocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ECB91DC551C1B1B4890077ABDD381943" italics="true">Paraphaenocladius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, inhabiting the Afrotropics:
<taxonomicName id="C786578E3A31702BB40105CD3FC91F17" authority="(Goetghebuer, 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Corynoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dewulfi">
<emphasis id="06F249529DEC62BF3A05C91A52CF0E37" italics="true">P. dewulfi</emphasis>
(Goetghebuer, 1936)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="18FFDAB9821792009FB12D719519BF15" authority="(Freeman, 1961)" baseAuthorityName="Freeman" baseAuthorityYear="1961" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraphaenocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuneipennis">
<emphasis id="AB1162DAFA9957D68F13BA711EAA385F" italics="true">P. cuneipennis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2FA1F7B7CFC54407261F305E565CBAA8" author="Freeman P" journalOrPublisher="Serie E, Entomologie" pagination="238-255" refId="B19" refString="Freeman P (1961) A collection of Chironomidae and Culicidae subfamily Dixinae (Diptera, Nematocera) from Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut Scientifique de Madagascar. Serie E, Entomologie 12: 238 - 255." title="A collection of Chironomidae and Culicidae subfamily Dixinae (Diptera, Nematocera) from Madagascar. Memoires de l’Institut Scientifique de Madagascar." volume="12" year="1961">Freeman, 1961</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="2CE94D124C3037A97DD033C7F81742A1" authority="Saether &amp; Wang, 1995" authorityName="Saether &amp; Wang" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraphaenocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicaudatus">
<emphasis id="67AC6C0A30E88D61FF71F7752735FB41" italics="true">P. crassicaudatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7A9C0C3F0C6119EC66CCD564877EADE5" author="Sæther OA &amp; Wang X" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica scandinavica supplement" pagination="1-69" refId="B36" refString="Saether OA, Wang X (1995) Revision of the genus Paraphaenocladius Thienemann, 1924 of the world (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Entomologica scandinavica supplement 48: 1 - 69." title="Revision of the genus Paraphaenocladius Thienemann, 1924 of the world (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae)." volume="48" year="1995">Sæther &amp; Wang, 1995</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="97EA2D741DB8215EF7BDEF71EDE73E67">
Among the three,
<taxonomicName id="2725DE086A4884A8DA141B5E191E42A7" authorityName="Baranov &amp; Lin &amp; Hübner &amp; Chimeno" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraphaenocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="namibiae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C8E234EF15322C6C85F998B749C9EDE0" italics="true">P. namibiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4E696F6CD3E5C3735B5166C407238489" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is most like
<taxonomicName id="A835981A53F7816A2AED49CDCB8F49AF" authorityName="Saether &amp; Wang" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paraphaenocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicaudatus">
<emphasis id="38ED1A449162CC9C9507D0020E4D5A97" italics="true">P. crassicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, due to the general similarity of the hypopygium morphology, most evident in the relatively broad anal point, strong crista dorsalis and broad inferior volsella.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E32AG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CD782B65AE04566EF970AE4976AEDF19">
<heading id="94F8E4C3F70775A29EE95360D3961EA8" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C7E714F4D5D8FDFB1E120789E7D5C96D">
Species is only known from its
<typeStatus id="40CFF96BD6E1B553C5C72873BD2BDAC0">type</typeStatus>
locality so far (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9D8A858A74CE36EE6ED36109D631713B" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A – D photographs of the collection sites involved in this study A Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park, Tufa waterfalls; 24 ° 15 ' 47.88 &quot; S, 16 ° 13 ' 44.76 &quot; E; 1 Dec. 2018 B Malaise trap deployed at Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve, Swakop river outflow; 22 ° 0 ' 53.28 &quot; S, 16 ° 57 ' 12.24 &quot; E; 2 Dec. 2018; facing towards the dam C Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve, Swakop river outflow, river valley; 22 ° 0 ' 53.28 &quot; S, 16 ° 57 ' 12.24 &quot; E; 2 Dec. 2018; facing away the dam D Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve, immediately above the dam; 2 Dec. 2018; 22 ° 0 ' 53.28 &quot; S, 16 ° 57 ' 12.24 &quot; E." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038063">1 A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

140
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<mods:number id="F507BFA6F6328832391104032738561F">65</mods:number>
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<treatment id="889FBF244F8254E2B43500CECEE940CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306077" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13306077" ID-arpha="889FBF24-4F82-54E2-B435-00CECEE940CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:889FBF244F8254E2B43500CECEE940CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/889FBF244F8254E2B43500CECEE940CF">
<subSubSection id="12306FE906B211A0A243D512D1A3EA7B" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C214EE1632C07DEFFEEE6D6F4CF1FA03">
<taxonomicName id="E88A8AA8A8887B224B32C9388CA2673C" authority="(Kieffer, 1923)" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Paracladopelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodesianus">
<emphasis id="D5E5C1BD3B8EA3EA2BC0F2CED8DAB2CF" italics="true">Paracladopelma rhodesianus</emphasis>
(Kieffer, 1923)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5DA7D782C5AB14101F56CD8EB9ADF0FD" type="description">
<paragraph id="819ACC1C4D2A558D40FA1E80F9441A83">
<figureCitation id="7FACD0532A1C34A58CC812610890F76C" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Chironomini, adult males A, B Chironomus transvaalensis C Chironomus calipterus D Dicrotendipes septemmaculatus E Kiefferulus brevipalpis F Parachironomus acutus G Paracladopelma rhodesianus H Polypedilum abyssiniae A, C – H hypopygia B head." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038072">Fig. 10 G</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ECPAI" type="material">
<paragraph id="DFEE486F4DA22B943869C42E769A4597">
<heading id="A25CD7E1D4D50A62DB061E0C881EC92F" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0DAAF424766CC5233844DB0582F67C70">
<materialsCitation id="15A1E6A1B3C3E25A55FE7AB75EFA288B" collectingDate="2018-12-03" collectionCode="SHOU" collectorName="X. Lin" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.574701" location="Arebbusch river" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.0544" municipality="Windhoek" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Khomas">
<collectingCountry id="8B051EFB0DDD6C18D3B1D9749010C7F4" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="463A656E44446E00F5467F8278DC69D5" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="DAAA50ED46E8EF94A6F76CD049D1642E" country="Namibia" name="Khomas">KHOMAS</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="86CBB95DB081945D58A609FB241EDE05">Windhoek</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="CD37EAB03C4404CCEF30A110E550CF4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:889FBF244F8254E2B43500CECEE940CF:CD37EAB03C4404CCEF30A110E550CF4E" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.574701" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.0544" municipality="Windhoek" name="Arebbusch river" stateProvince="Khomas">Arebbusch river</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ELPAI" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[17.054400,-22.574700]}">
<geoCoordinate id="E73AE38883BEF81F5D4EAD35ABC9DF92" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="28.92" value="-22.574701">22 ° 34 ' 28.92 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A734F73227F1EA7308F8A7B576B8D7F6" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="15.84" value="17.0544">17 ° 3 ' 15.84 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="505E116C8440D0E748FD21BCD4EEA1EB" value="2018-12-03">
<collectingDate id="C59AEDE5DE4AFBF21F5DC58298DB5CF7" value="2018-12-03">3 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="22B66AB4A69F15D6303A5BFB84742875">X. Lin</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="7A399D765769A9D9DA6545AC1B7013F8">sweep net</collectingMethod>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQPAI" xlink_title="College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University">
<collectionCode id="B17557880236A78DC497502D77742ECD">SHOU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EUPAI" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5689BA55831F9952A778488AF881772A">
<heading id="C8722ADDFCD30F4DFC41F5353DCCF979" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0F83E4740EC1D636E6C9CF7BDD1552E7">
This is the first record of the species from
<collectingCountry id="971CC163DCA602CFF5CFA218095118D6" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
; the species was otherwise recorded from
<collectingCountry id="A95A5D901E8A5A2ED81C867489EC9BC9" name="Botswana">Botswana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="72A2A4977DE432617882E0161D61CF06" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="94DB0980D3EF8B3B1F8BB2DB412FCDD0" name="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="77DE42A45D29FD89AE442AC9C856BBBD" author="Freeman" firstAuthor="Freeman" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="285-368" refId="B16" refString="Freeman P (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 4: 285–368." title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="4" year="1956">Freeman 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4D739395E7154D8254B83F2FCB32B6E4" DOI="10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" author="Freeman and Cranston" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pagination="323-329" refId="B20" refString="Freeman P, Cranston P (1980) Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175–202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species. Oriental Insects 39 (1): 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" title="Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175-202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species." volume="39" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1F73E3A3788BC3F4579F43EB54C42D32" author="Curtis" firstAuthor="Curtis" journalOrPublisher="Madoqua" pagination="163-187" refId="B4" refString="Curtis B (1991) Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia. Madoqua 1991: 163–187." title="Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia." volume="1991" year="1991">Curtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4610D7F6AAB2CD689060C66CAA35207A" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
). No specimens of this species were successfully barcoded as a part of this project.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

173
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<mods:title id="E764ED3F533BB9470483A9FA936FABCB">Uncovering the hidden diversity of non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) from central Namibia, using morphology and DNA barcodes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5BA0EFEA5D2BA1632C4330437FF62F75">Baranov, Viktor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CEA393BF2B50CD651227D428809F358B">Lin, Xiaolong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="12D5CACB316809D4B1CD4A6F154A544A">Engineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="57A4E572EEC06B1505AD90A70A70CFCB">Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB-ZSM), Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:number id="CB9F76B526DC19F6ED8161922014036D">65</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AA5C3A79FE23500C94F5C472B009BFD2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306032" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13306032" ID-arpha="AA5C3A79-FE23-500C-94F5-C472B009BFD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA5C3A79FE23500C94F5C472B009BFD2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA5C3A79FE23500C94F5C472B009BFD2">
<subSubSection id="0A6E10A7551DF5BCF1E0B08A62578617" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2C722423469501CAEDBF82FF93EE2CB0">
<taxonomicName id="BA9F05136D25FDA9475430C487E3D89C" ID-CoL="NJGM" authority="Wang, Saether &amp; Andersen, 2002" authorityName="Wang, Saether &amp; Andersen" authorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bryophaenocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristatus">
<emphasis id="D358EB4F6C4A2FD914164A9E360CF90C" italics="true">Bryophaenocladius cristatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5D256CFAD21B21E711C295E50F81111C" author="Wang XH &amp; Sæther OA &amp; Andersen T" journalOrPublisher="Studia Dipterologica" pagination="447-462" refId="B38" refString="Wang XH, Saether OA, Andersen T (2002) Afrotropical Bryophaenocladius Thienemann, 1934 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Studia Dipterologica 8: 447 - 462." title="Afrotropical Bryophaenocladius Thienemann, 1934 (Diptera: Chironomidae)." volume="8" year="2002">Wang, Sæther &amp; Andersen, 2002</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DE1CE203276D0EEF06FF4F3C850710D1" type="description">
<paragraph id="5F51CFCC0D9B5817D0FC12BA1AE9ADA4">
<figureCitation id="1E748610603222C0125783D36B7DD395" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Orthocladiinae A – C Bryophaenocladius cristatus D, E Cricotopus flavozonatus F Cricotopus scottae G Parametriocnemus scotti A, E head, adult male B, D, F, G hypopygium C virga." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038066">Fig. 4 A – C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2OAC" type="material">
<paragraph id="ACFFEB0121171847D5D35433AFCD22BD">
<heading id="D51CBF99B259D0797A325BFED7FB74C7" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99900D26AB4ADCC9224416BF5EF29DB5">
<materialsCitation id="F6213B220ED869528FB0510DCE6BE157" collectingDate="2018-12-02" collectingDateMax="2018-12-10" collectingDateMin="2018-12-02" collectionCode="V, NMNW" collectorName="Baranov &amp; No" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.0148" location="Swakop river" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.953402" municipality="Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">
<collectingCountry id="62D14BDCFA1ED3CBAEF69159E3CFFAC9" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="1DC042C0C867525EF6563A908AD8B766" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="3D79E5E5DE4F4084B7B65A8851539F30" country="Namibia" name="Otjozondjupa">OTJOZONDJUPA</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="AF9A4E42EE788E0273DD9BA1C135FBF1">Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8535A4C6A5375F382B08F361136F9253" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA5C3A79FE23500C94F5C472B009BFD2:8535A4C6A5375F382B08F361136F9253" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.0148" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.953402" municipality="Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve" name="Swakop river" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">Swakop river</location>
outflow;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EEPAC" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[16.953400,-22.014800]}">
<geoCoordinate id="55CB3CBE96F0C58EF3F28DC9CB03D57B" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="0" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="53.28" value="-22.0148">22 ° 0 ' 53.28 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="92053FE7CB7763BF802C7942B3F84995" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="12.24" value="16.953402">16 ° 57 ' 12.24 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="43B0F930999B6C6A9176CEA5A5E5A566" value="2018-12-02" valueMax="2018-12-10" valueMin="2018-12-02">
<collectingDate id="168511C7079A77D07603BADF87DA2C6C" value="2018-12-02" valueMax="2018-12-10" valueMin="2018-12-02">2–10 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectionCode id="BBD255E6B8343BE29DC92BF7BBB490D9" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="F67057F7D324FF73BD982AE6A8E6BC98">Baranov</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="48D5A0C9E63811ED3EC32BD1D9E48B47">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
;
<named-content id="9E02C5DB709EB31946A6C04387E870F8" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectionCode id="ACF03E77C0166703E88B86780BE3AB52" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" type="">NMNW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="34414D76BBC39C30F91CD0DCA6434899" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A – D photographs of the collection sites involved in this study A Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park, Tufa waterfalls; 24 ° 15 ' 47.88 &quot; S, 16 ° 13 ' 44.76 &quot; E; 1 Dec. 2018 B Malaise trap deployed at Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve, Swakop river outflow; 22 ° 0 ' 53.28 &quot; S, 16 ° 57 ' 12.24 &quot; E; 2 Dec. 2018; facing towards the dam C Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve, Swakop river outflow, river valley; 22 ° 0 ' 53.28 &quot; S, 16 ° 57 ' 12.24 &quot; E; 2 Dec. 2018; facing away the dam D Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve, immediately above the dam; 2 Dec. 2018; 22 ° 0 ' 53.28 &quot; S, 16 ° 57 ' 12.24 &quot; E." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038063">1 B – D</figureCitation>
).
<collectorName id="1489698CE78E0EB3B343834E9254FDC7">No</collectorName>
specimens of this species were successfully barcoded as a part of this project
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="4482DE2DFF1719A792AAAD38AA546DBD" ID-DOI="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure4" ID-arpha="D7F1C435-7E4A-5811-8D92-6A660AC89138" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038066" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="C82019F31EB5217F4BDEF7848B879337">
<label id="8F8E63124DF5B4734CC225CFDF923838">Figure 4.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="35E53DE8A0D214E45814D99C54BF9DFB">
Orthocladiinae
<emphasis id="B86159117164341A4BC89FD16D9B79A7" bold="true">A – C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E8577BA4A02FE3BCD7C8900A9DD2F895" authorityName="Wang, Saether &amp; Andersen" authorityYear="2002" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bryophaenocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cristatus">
<emphasis id="01DCA232A67A4C12B8742EC03401DE44" italics="true">Bryophaenocladius cristatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0481AF6239D514AA15A288ACF25986C0" bold="true">D, E</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="328FE997618839FE5EB9F6D7FDD0BEAD" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1953" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cricotopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavozonatus">
<emphasis id="43F44451E093705A7B272D3CA64D6EFF" italics="true">Cricotopus flavozonatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="45C3929AE3EF5B37B1FE174C8B19A21A" bold="true">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BEA957022D9D0E9024C82B3D863A7A0B" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1956" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cricotopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scottae">
<emphasis id="3FD110D2801D637135F0C1E7F6310A83" italics="true">Cricotopus scottae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="7291EF2A3EAD6695DB83304774C80850" bold="true">G</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BC9E91B5F98748BE0DB1975A77E22199" baseAuthorityName="Freeman" baseAuthorityYear="1956" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parametriocnemus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scotti">
<emphasis id="2A7C324536DC4DBC8A28A0C71E3A208D" italics="true">Parametriocnemus scotti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9EA3C2C3ACA888F80125DCC02B225AD0" bold="true">A, E</emphasis>
head, adult male
<emphasis id="03F0EA7F56F79D7E65888DAD7A6E1951" bold="true">B, D, F, G</emphasis>
hypopygium
<emphasis id="C7CE5E798125C96C8A1DDA0C2D6AB1FC" bold="true">C</emphasis>
virga.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E5BAE" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7DDF1236270096E39F74E0D39A31F7FF">
<heading id="1D468DC0D18F5468EDF9256340B4DC1C" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CFE2EFC4157D51628354111DB39A45ED">
This is the first record of this species from
<collectingCountry id="33AC29B86972AB5ABFA15420A3A68932" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, and outside of the species’
<typeStatus id="881EED7E37434585F52BAB770CCD69F6">type</typeStatus>
location in
<collectingCountry id="645000681477995D93AE175870C59CCD" name="Ghana">Ghana</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7A684389627DC49A03859A728104460A" author="Wang" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wang" journalOrPublisher="Studia Dipterologica" pagination="447-462" refId="B38" refString="Wang XH, Sæther OA, Andersen T (2002) Afrotropical Bryophaenocladius Thienemann, 1934 (Diptera: Chironomidae). Studia Dipterologica 8: 447–462." title="Afrotropical Bryophaenocladius Thienemann, 1934 (Diptera: Chironomidae)." volume="8" year="2002">Wang et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3653880162D3C73DF7B39FF9D3F93F32" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6A4477DDFD423068EE3F9EE760E0B1E7" author="Ashe and O'Connor" firstAuthor="Ashe" refId="B3" refString="Ashe P, O’Connor JP (2012) A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Díptera). Part 2. Orthocladiinae. Two volumes (Sections A, B). Irish Biogeographical Society, Dublin, [14] + [xvi +] 468 pp., [6] + 500 pp." year="2012">Ashe and O’Connor 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="A2C3B4F13EF82B567844741910FC7F3E">Uncovering the hidden diversity of non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) from central Namibia, using morphology and DNA barcodes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C87A75FF4FDB6E693F067B096A3EC463">Baranov, Viktor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="12BC7418C87874B57770899FD9AE1A31">Lin, Xiaolong</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8FAC9D95EA254C7E8F02FEB917CDF252">
<taxonomicName id="D5AFBB12D313AE0E0002D98691FA5590" ID-CoL="6D62P" authority="(Kieffer, 1922)" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Dicrotendipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusconotatus">
<emphasis id="B65FF8A0A6736E1AA807EE584940F9EE" italics="true">Dicrotendipes fusconotatus</emphasis>
(Kieffer, 1922)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E12BG" type="material">
<paragraph id="7F4EB27071C2CFF4612FDBBC7093989C">
<heading id="C3AD6610987E179CEBFCB8A6A99A1695" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="149AF7DC9019E8BFAC65F2424A570C02">
<materialsCitation id="5304F98EAF712E8F15C0AD1791DE7B27" collectingDate="2018-12-03" collectionCode="BOLD" collectorName="G. M. Kwifte" country="Namibia" county="Windhoek" latitude="-22.529" location="Goreangab Reservoir" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.001" municipality="Arebbusch river" specimenCode="NAMOE 001-22" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Khomas">
<collectingCountry id="0966BB8152C48C5E6DCE2D52160F5909" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="26E626DDA2B6A5C7B42B915C2590F6CF" count="3" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="9810B653A2C525CFCC541F9FD0F33F70" country="Namibia" name="Khomas">KHOMAS</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingCounty id="4AE82A4118AC3AC52984AEA1FE844EF3">Windhoek</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="BFC52AB68866978504A2BA31F21CAE41">Arebbusch river</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="7148BB7529B3A028232E6A9460CD4BD6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E5E462F3954E5EB7A83AEACAC7CA8F66:7148BB7529B3A028232E6A9460CD4BD6" country="Namibia" county="Windhoek" latitude="-22.529" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.001" municipality="Arebbusch river" name="Goreangab Reservoir" stateProvince="Khomas">Goreangab Reservoir</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ED3BG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[17.001000,-22.529000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="9128D1E2607FFDF1B9AA8455A0025976" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="44.4" value="-22.529">22 ° 31 ' 44.4 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="6EA1A11D597BEA519DBB0A1C9E02ACF0" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="0" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="3.6" value="17.001">17 ° 0 ' 3.6 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="E806851639EEFE4AFBD2954BFE711E22" value="2018-12-03">
<collectingDate id="936D9455F9388BC9D7A0CDA274CC36CD" value="2018-12-03">3 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="F6153C1386C2DC9915C2EB84C439925E">G. M. Kwifte</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="1FA558DF351DC699C62B00F9DB0E55FA">sweep net</collectingMethod>
;
<named-content id="735E0C49753580C30E0268D85C6F6521" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectingRegion id="440DC83A8AD673F7D9114339405583E3" country="Namibia" name="NMNW">NMNW</collectingRegion>
</named-content>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EM3BG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="8B0AA1D23746E85D2AA3BD1BD9C37814">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
specimen code: NAM-Chiro 1;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EQ3BG" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="0001B0415E5218C611D44772B49BF488">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
sequence ID:
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<specimenCode id="90559271582672A024BA27F143E15DD1" collectionCode="NAMOE">NAMOE 001-22</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
</materialsCitation>
. •
<materialsCitation id="E45819290F08EC66C3ABEEF162CAE6FA" collectingDate="2018-12-01" collectionCode="V, NMNW" collectorName="Baranov" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" location="Mountain Zebra Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Hardap">
<specimenCount id="5681F4449E756C2BE9FFFE60D71A8CD9" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="DFA7462C16CE3FA7C55535189CF63126" country="Namibia" name="Hardap">HARDAP</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingCounty id="1A8D739BF3920C4F90533362E4C86F06">
<collectingMunicipality id="144F460F8BCDE07EFFA3E15692264BB4">
Naukluft
<location id="5593F85A3A7BFE0C630E653E2D214F79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E5E462F3954E5EB7A83AEACAC7CA8F66:5593F85A3A7BFE0C630E653E2D214F79" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" name="Mountain Zebra Park" stateProvince="Hardap">Mountain Zebra Park</location>
</collectingMunicipality>
</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="ED04FF079D47DAD148B327BEA49C7112" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E5E462F3954E5EB7A83AEACAC7CA8F66:ED04FF079D47DAD148B327BEA49C7112" country="Namibia" county="Naukluft Mountain Zebra Park" latitude="-24.2633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.229101" municipality="Naukluft Mountain" name="Tufa" stateProvince="Hardap">Tufa</location>
waterfalls;
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<geoCoordinate id="2658D7D01DC1BB3CA417F8ECAA4F2D49" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.88" value="-24.2633">24 ° 15 ' 47.88 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="D1E1059A4DC2E60D154A140B5A3F5BCB" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="44.76" value="16.229101">16 ° 13 ' 44.76 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="989F0007259B520ED2C709BB2276A3BB" value="2018-12-01">
<collectingDate id="F8BA6BC5D4EC2D98DD77EFA21CCA4090" value="2018-12-01">1 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectingMethod id="1381412E3628F0E25CCEC58BFD52ACF4">sweep net</collectingMethod>
;
<collectionCode id="ADC588BF567BA031DF352E367C219528" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="FC143EBFE557121AC7A69A0EA2F63E2E">Baranov</collectorName>
leg.;
<named-content id="4E26E3B150C011476D2B408C1C4ABA06" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectionCode id="D3C5983E230C7AA10D61D5717841A433" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" type="">NMNW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D1F2B5044F8521F02398E4011D5C658A">No specimens of this species were successfully barcoded as a part of this project.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EG4BG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4FD3564E1540CD7618B49F3BB5D24091">
<heading id="A93E2DDBB2567EB7FC2DFDF0044B04A0" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29BB3761582A941ABDE275EB57DA9AE2">
This is the first record of the species from
<collectingCountry id="AAEEB3C1E69785A01B2E9571659D1E11" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
; otherwise it occurs in
<collectingCountry id="40C8B2C8FA8A04515EAE30041B77B05D" name="Chad">Chad</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BA571B4097BFB4D599391B3A3E8928B3" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="65AAED47D0136D0FF7E3A90BD0C2FBEC" name="Egypt">Egypt</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="CE447210A1B8F4D38ADCF2216FF25E3B" name="Israel">Israel</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1E726BBFFCCDDFD1DAFB97AF2C7005F0" name="Niger">Niger</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="9CF347BBAACDC8FF5B9AEA8B5347F031" name="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="61DCE7BA445DE9BFF83FD1F10B0AC241" name="Uganda">Uganda</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="38F2919E7AE5175A05E1EE40E6792D20" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="2E7F2D6195C26494507338EE1A14924C" name="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1362D408CF621D008320BDB1DA5C8ED9" author="Freeman" firstAuthor="Freeman" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="285-368" refId="B16" refString="Freeman P (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 4: 285–368." title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="4" year="1956">Freeman 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="05A063ECE43A3611F571BEA67EE36988" DOI="10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" author="Freeman and Cranston" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pagination="323-329" refId="B20" refString="Freeman P, Cranston P (1980) Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175–202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species. Oriental Insects 39 (1): 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" title="Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175-202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species." volume="39" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3FD2E0DBDF1E1F5EF826A8EEDCF959D" author="Curtis" firstAuthor="Curtis" journalOrPublisher="Madoqua" pagination="163-187" refId="B4" refString="Curtis B (1991) Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia. Madoqua 1991: 163–187." title="Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia." volume="1991" year="1991">Curtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="BA16C0A1E9CE25F90B888659F7D4415D" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

160
data/ED/04/DD/ED04DD8EEB705911B1B5CCAF8D2DB341.xml Normal file
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<mods:namePart id="C6E8CE0A298FC177AD4D2FF14D31ED9C">Lin, Xiaolong</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0B9D7451E5D5760C3D3934EDBE34A6EC" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6544-6204</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="0B9B1460A57715716A28FB4DD34A9D8B">Engineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E9FFFADC9A5085F338B54DBA35CE9E53" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="096D4AD859A255410B29AD3B755FDE4F">Hübner, Jeremy</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="55CC2338C7C8540FFC19D5E686F5BF15" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5624-8573</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="9D3A6EA8159BCAB09944594C02BBD0D1">Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB-ZSM), Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3653C67467A10D5F8FC612073DD8FAEE" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="753C2FCF3E1DF510C39CA086FF486BA9">Chimeno, Caroline</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="EAC4DBE2C93D08565031572FB41B62E6" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9933-6492</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="87B2E2C2A00CBD87ECB4F43FB8426B25">Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB-ZSM), Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="401404B7D897C1CA7E5E849E2431D501">African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="46A450C95D2DAA66C5F6F3590E3BD469" type="DOI">10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="ED04DD8EEB705911B1B5CCAF8D2DB341" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13306075" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13306075" ID-arpha="ED04DD8E-EB70-5911-B1B5-CCAF8D2DB341" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED04DD8EEB705911B1B5CCAF8D2DB341" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED04DD8EEB705911B1B5CCAF8D2DB341">
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<paragraph id="892A80C823E2441A6C0507FDAE5F5579">
<taxonomicName id="EB5EA7DAFA263D44F2F87EF32767A376" ID-CoL="8D66D" authority="(Goetghebuer, 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Goetghebuer" baseAuthorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acutus">
<emphasis id="B1D091979D3A73D4F6C02B39F12B33B3" italics="true">Parachironomus acutus</emphasis>
(Goetghebuer, 1936)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A4BCED807FF0C1B21564D3E80354F994" type="description">
<paragraph id="0FFF803C2540E42CCF2FA9EDC337CA4A">
<figureCitation id="A56E67DDBDD890D9437ED25DF1E97210" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Chironomini, adult males A, B Chironomus transvaalensis C Chironomus calipterus D Dicrotendipes septemmaculatus E Kiefferulus brevipalpis F Parachironomus acutus G Paracladopelma rhodesianus H Polypedilum abyssiniae A, C – H hypopygia B head." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038072">Fig. 10 F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E4LAI" type="material">
<paragraph id="51F2E427298B526F98E7A7F996AEC598">
<heading id="A96A0A06FD62D186B3CF2B78EE312553" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BF58C518FFA74C6619C05CB64499F229">
<materialsCitation id="07215B05CC6015280C8B578E95A982A1" collectingDate="2018-12-02" collectingDateMax="2018-12-10" collectingDateMin="2018-12-02" collectionCode="V, NMNW" collectorName="Baranov" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.0148" location="Swakop river" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.953402" municipality="Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">
<collectingCountry id="CDED470F97E4CAE72AE429DBDA0237D0" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="C997769047495AE4BD2164DD53665946" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="376AEC0C0CE950434589C64CDEADA4E0" country="Namibia" name="Otjozondjupa">OTJOZONDJUPA</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="C742C6D1A7C12031CFE4D3012F1A37ED">Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="743F129520947FB92DB9C07661FD3D9A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED04DD8EEB705911B1B5CCAF8D2DB341:743F129520947FB92DB9C07661FD3D9A" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.0148" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.953402" municipality="Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve" name="Swakop river" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">Swakop river</location>
outflow;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EGMAI" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[16.953400,-22.014800]}">
<geoCoordinate id="17929C0C8CCA54590048DCA912A38168" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="0" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="53.28" value="-22.0148">22 ° 0 ' 53.28 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="BB70E06C33097EC4339B110959B5C4CD" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="12.24" value="16.953402">16 ° 57 ' 12.24 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<date id="F8BD099C25B5E9523B2ECE2DD98886BD" value="2018-12-02" valueMax="2018-12-10" valueMin="2018-12-02">
<collectingDate id="B20F1F9AEE4821C5F4C46BA8835DEEF8" value="2018-12-02" valueMax="2018-12-10" valueMin="2018-12-02">2–10 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectionCode id="71D9F4329D3BDAA5B3652A83413FF8C2" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="B04D29906E293790DAEFF9E03B70FEBC">Baranov</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="E6F64C261F63892568D6EF1392FA8052">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
;
<named-content id="843E7B5B9E1261341851378E0D1C6233" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectionCode id="A4BFCE8FCB80019F2293E3E218342E65" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" type="">NMNW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EPMAI" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B21350704D299A8E015E6EA7288BEB4D">
<heading id="9AF70E5CD1FBEC9158CFDDB8043CC3EA" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF84B75400CCB7F7DD9944302BD73809">
This is the first record of the species from
<collectingCountry id="C937DB483E43824959933A8B90B4CE4D" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
, otherwise species is recorded from
<collectingCountry id="0F856B6AD83ABB611914C3F0D557C280" name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="4A17C6544C52AEB606C658B07992D28B" name="Chad">Chad</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="A49348F6BC3404ABA1C0236E5604773F" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8E45BAD8AD9E8DC063623D74F58E9ED2" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5B5E08BBCF1DBCEC248B292BBF111C9A" name="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="D61250100CCDA7A352B018ED5934F064" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="99DCC32FD05915AFCB16E47D3D2C8B2D" author="Freeman" firstAuthor="Freeman" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="285-368" refId="B16" refString="Freeman P (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 4: 285–368." title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="4" year="1956">Freeman 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F13435063176226A3579D8086C652617" DOI="10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" author="Freeman and Cranston" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pagination="323-329" refId="B20" refString="Freeman P, Cranston P (1980) Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175–202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species. Oriental Insects 39 (1): 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" title="Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175-202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species." volume="39" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="14E0A031517AB4446D27C56655EB232D" author="Curtis" firstAuthor="Curtis" journalOrPublisher="Madoqua" pagination="163-187" refId="B4" refString="Curtis B (1991) Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia. Madoqua 1991: 163–187." title="Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia." volume="1991" year="1991">Curtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B0AAD71C5D7A5E7A303B14F476276FB3" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
). No specimens of this species were successfully barcoded as a part of this project. This species is often treated as &quot; unplaced ” within
<taxonomicName id="ADD366E3763E90C3326A492F2D347356" authority="(Freeman and Cranston 1980)" baseAuthorityName="Freeman and Cranston" baseAuthorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Chironomini">
Chironomini (
<bibRefCitation id="541237C4F3108B6CC33FD34EC31C712C" DOI="10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" author="Freeman and Cranston" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pagination="323-329" refId="B20" refString="Freeman P, Cranston P (1980) Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175–202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species. Oriental Insects 39 (1): 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" title="Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175-202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species." volume="39" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston 1980</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, we are following
<bibRefCitation id="3A969433D49445F2159C606DA32DB29D" author="Ekrem T &amp; Ashe P &amp; Andersen T &amp; Stur E" editor="Kirk-Spriggs AH &amp; Sinclair BJ" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ekrem" journalOrPublisher="Vol. 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. Suricata 5. SANBI Graphics and Editing, Pretoria" pagination="813-863" refId="B10" refString="Ekrem T, Ashe P, Andersen T, Stur E (2017) Chapter 35. Chironomidae (non-biting midges). In: Kirk-Spriggs AH, Sinclair BJ (Eds) Manual of Afrotropical Diptera. Vol. 2. Nematocerous Diptera and lower Brachycera. Suricata 5. SANBI Graphics and Editing, Pretoria, 813–863." title="Chapter 35. Chironomidae (non-biting midges)." volumeTitle="Manual of Afrotropical Diptera." year="2017">Ekrem et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
in placing this species in
<taxonomicName id="FB192A93399849068D46EC326669DD5D" authorityName="Lenz" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Parachironomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A7B0348A539A985966791AB5F20E98B7" italics="true">Parachironomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

146
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<taxonomicName id="E63771E9F804C82F3567D941FB5360DD" authority="(Thorell, 1875)" authorityName="Seropian &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Psammitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoratus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="808306F151A59B9EB0B31BA95B08D541" italics="true">Psammitis marmoratus</emphasis>
(Thorell, 1875)
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<emphasis id="91B7A9A426BD1AAD8D0EF806CD1D91CC" italics="true">Xysticus marmoratus</emphasis>
Mcheidze, 1997: 163
</taxonomicName>
, figs 305–306 (
<specimenCount id="B1E31A2D2FE8012EC929331CBA393A09" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
).
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2869B31548B0CDFA9A7990E6F533DA6E">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="FC7D651831CF54CC3C1592B71C37FD1B">
<treatmentCitation id="D2131D7A0D8360A287DD17589D287419">
<taxonomicName id="2334A803848B1CB37BFA64EA6F38C58C" ID-CoL="7FZNQ" authority="Hepner et al., 2011: 38" authorityName="Hepner" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="2011" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Xysticus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="embriki">
<emphasis id="DC72BD0928F20A2A682ABA90F81B2C87" italics="true">Xysticus embriki</emphasis>
Hepner et al., 2011: 38
</taxonomicName>
, figs 5–10 (
<specimenCount id="29BA2B2B0CA82439F0F9B107CA7225C2" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="BAFEF050B2815625003404AF66E4E2F6" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
).
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E3DAE" type="notes">
<paragraph id="BD1A4691FAAC78081643C63C5595949C">
<heading id="A33A65757315ED73E432A2FC9426CE7B" reason="title">Note.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ADF57100528DC756CACDFBEE65571BC4">
For full nomenclatural references see
<bibRefCitation id="6BF289156A055CD74FC2B18CFEFE3025" DOI="10.7892/BORIS.105054" refId="B18" refString="WSC (2023) World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch [Accessed on 31. 12. 2023] https://doi.org/10.7892/BORIS.105054" url="http://wsc.nmbe.ch" year="2023">WSC (2023</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGEAE" type="comments">
<paragraph id="55B7F14C5A51092B218BB89E87B460CD">
<heading id="8973D58A081BD8626FD0C582357BA445" reason="title">Comments.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="471BEA58FE0160702F1C32829161E442">
This species is transferred to this genus due to the similarity of the male palp to the generotype, which possesses an anapophysate tegulum. As for the
<taxonomicName id="2A19A6B32E9461278D73B9BD187744DD" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Psammitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="1738526ABEAC275779B98AC23C948FEB" italics="true">Psammitis</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
females, there seem to be no defined characters allowing reliable separation from
<taxonomicName id="4E88AADA638F4826A0DA9D18B8A66F19" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Xysticus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="0FCF39FEA7A1F6D8B58C8D0F130AC98D" italics="true">Xysticus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
The generic reevaluation is also supported by the phylogenetic tree generated within the preset study, which includes
<taxonomicName id="775D582ECDFC8639BFF64904757D259C" authorityName="Mcheidze" authorityYear="1997" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Xysticus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
<emphasis id="EC661740ED408A081918612F54F452B7" italics="true">Xysticus marmoratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species not involved in a subset of the analyses performed by
<bibRefCitation id="2137187583B0747E93268D16D3F7EE58" DOI="10.37828/em.2019.20.16" author="Breitling R" firstAuthor="Breitling" refId="B1" refString="Breitling R (2019) A barcode-based phylogenetic scaffold for Xysticus and its relatives (Araneae: Thomisidae: Coriarachnini). Ecologica Montenegrina 20: 198—206. https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2019.20.16" year="2019">Breitling (2019)</bibRefCitation>
, who supported the recognition of
<taxonomicName id="3BDD7CFDBE71C5B9DC4264FDE82E8714" authorityName="Menge" authorityYear="1876" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Psammitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DFE412E5F7EF3CA9F6A63B3737AD4964" italics="true">Psammitis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as an independent genus. Our results suggest a close relationship between
<taxonomicName id="4E4A66F74341E0A130DBEEF5754F3243" authorityName="Mcheidze" authorityYear="1997" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Xysticus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
<emphasis id="015CEA3CD8CA6353317DFEB36DD262BB" italics="true">X. marmoratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A5198C68CF3C2BDAB26B829FE66D6D7E" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Psammitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="5D676A945CBF8CE5FE3C1A4E624225D9" italics="true">Psammitis</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="8762A7FCD5E1988252981FE016C91BBB" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 8. Phylogenetic relationships are presented by the Neighbor-Joining tree based on the mitochondrial COI barcode using the p - distance model with other default parameters provided by Mega 11. The analyses involved 13 COI nucleotide sequences of 10 thomisid species. Numbers indicate bootstrap support values from 1000 replicates." figureDoi="10.3897/caucasiana.3.e120656.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038437">8</figureCitation>
); therefore, we propose a new combination,
<taxonomicName id="3906E870C2BC0BF8FAA40C89F5905338" authority="(Thorell, 1875)" authorityName="Seropian &amp; Mumladze" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Psammitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoratus" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="626D23C8649410993570286077F7D4EC" italics="true">Psammitis marmoratus</emphasis>
(Thorell, 1875)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5E1090C16508E85AF90DB8A3D21C292C" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(=
<taxonomicName id="605219945EF77D1DAE7E4041611BDC6C" authority="Thorell, 1875" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1875" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" genus="Xysticus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
<emphasis id="67F3C898918D82280750E400E24E2F0B" italics="true">Xysticus marmoratus</emphasis>
Thorell, 1875
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

266
data/F1/BC/CE/F1BCCE73A55A56C995E11DF350A877D5.xml Normal file
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<subSubSection id="F979E7547EE4855D89D67E236BA163EA" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9F9FA69BE43868D9E88E74F2FB05753B">
<taxonomicName id="DFA87FEC2A1BFA3DCA32673BFE1DB6DF" ID-CoL="ZG8C" authority="Freeman, 1956" authorityName="Freeman" authorityYear="1956" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Cricotopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scottae">
<emphasis id="2C89D73AD0BFDD1F4745AFB49EF748A5" italics="true">Cricotopus scottae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="890D290B4CA3D23C8AC403F713EEA413" author="Freeman P" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="285-368" refId="B16" refString="Freeman P (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 4: 285 - 368." title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="4" year="1956">Freeman, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E1B0BAAAF6D145290847615B18D45937" type="description">
<paragraph id="DC7847208D1CC303B8CD906458D38CC1">
<figureCitation id="A7E27D74EFDFF13BCC32504CD408FFA0" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Orthocladiinae A – C Bryophaenocladius cristatus D, E Cricotopus flavozonatus F Cricotopus scottae G Parametriocnemus scotti A, E head, adult male B, D, F, G hypopygium C virga." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038066">Fig. 4 F</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGPAE" type="material">
<paragraph id="A2A8AF73F4B71C6AC370A4B590A03048">
<heading id="7262AB7C5F18EFB7D8B6EE3AEA81D456" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="79A1F1CA97B3BDA2C5F6C1E38485B096">
<materialsCitation id="F68857D2C478E7642642414AEC53C306" collectingDate="2018-12-03" collectionCode="SHOU, BOLD" collectorName="X. Lin" country="Namibia" county="Windhoek" latitude="-22.529" location="Goreangab Reservoir" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.001" municipality="Arebbusch river" specimenCode="NAMOE 007-22, ADM 9835" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-female="14" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Khomas">
<collectingCountry id="5C935CFC35B291A57A024ACE4776DD1B" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="FD0DD7CD97281DCFE5DF336313D0CFFE" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="378624BC8D2359501A69FF3C3644713C" count="14" type="female">14 ♀</specimenCount>
;
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;
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,
<collectingMunicipality id="BDC95A376FEF80D5DED4FBC57DA25B13">Arebbusch river</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="E3F5D4712BDAD479FD0379677D2E9886" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F1BCCE73A55A56C995E11DF350A877D5:E3F5D4712BDAD479FD0379677D2E9886" country="Namibia" county="Windhoek" latitude="-22.529" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="17.001" municipality="Arebbusch river" name="Goreangab Reservoir" stateProvince="Khomas">Goreangab Reservoir</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EPPAE" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[17.001000,-22.529000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="5CB7A470D589F88BBB5C769D26A5E137" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="44.4" value="-22.529">22 ° 31 ' 44.4 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="1A0947DB040966068A91F1386DDFFFA7" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="0" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="3.6" value="17.001">17 ° 0 ' 3.6 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
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;
<date id="36C7BBF8FC2382B234E603677D2E543A" value="2018-12-03">
<collectingDate id="B31BF1D6882ED14F15965EA68299FF72" value="2018-12-03">3 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="9652EC3E2873365E60E51C6E884A2B5E">X. Lin</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectingMethod id="374101C090979D7FDDDEA0A744280263">sweep net</collectingMethod>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EUPAE" xlink_title="College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University">
<collectionCode id="D2E453CC20B472A1E29E1EBA78A5717F">SHOU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYPAE" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="8189138A0FFCC4C23100B4B4A634CF5E">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
specimen code: NAM-Chiro 7;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E3PAE" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="27485D47E6D6C7787F15810AEAE93A91">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
sequence ID
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<specimenCode id="D34E75946A9F94FBD752167DA0753C6F" collectionCode="NAMOE">NAMOE 007-22</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EFQAE" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="559D96010678DF0E98289D0B1F6EF01A">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
BIN:
<ext-link id="32273DCB87F95C8171840D398D7E54E9" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:ADM9835" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="DF72685679AB2B8FC92FD516F944A2C3">BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="D2CC7BE48C1A755EE7D3005C13E546B5" collectionCode="BOLD">ADM 9835</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
</materialsCitation>
•
<materialsCitation id="2C595AE66BB15AE9430BBA59EC99302F" collectingDate="2018-12-04" collectionCode="SHOU" collectorName="G. M. Kvifte" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.2532" location="Dusternbrook" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.9004" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">
<specimenCount id="D0B191098621C1BB75BE5A530E8F06CA" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="86573FC664AA674A6C10A84F9C8B5E68" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="70630C59D399C368E92E5C3E833B0418" country="Namibia" name="Otjozondjupa">OTJOZONDJUPA</collectingRegion>
;
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="30B018A0607A28D503AE373B0F02B8F3" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="11.52" value="-22.2532">22 ° 15 ' 11.52 &quot; S</geoCoordinate>
,
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<collectingDate id="F9DA42CA99046964281F1736CC71288C" value="2018-12-04">4 Dec. 2018</collectingDate>
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;
<collectorName id="AEEE65E0E72495260B5556765F8DB387">G. M. Kvifte</collectorName>
leg.;
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;
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<collectionCode id="DF7449DD21EC8145C9AE710838DA9790">SHOU</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
</materialsCitation>
•
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outflow;
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;
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;
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<collectionCode id="6516D9D175FE0CC11972D96C702E1BF0">BOLD</collectionCode>
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specimen code: NAM-Chiro 13, NAM-Chiro 12;
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<collectionCode id="E8BCD431DEB59AE0C0A3245F502FD0E9">BOLD</collectionCode>
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sequence ID:
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,
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<specimenCode id="AF296AF953E7C4D8CA1473C1442E3AE9" collectionCode="NAMOE">NAMOE 012-22</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
;
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYRAE" xlink_title="Barcode of Life Data System">
<collectionCode id="E73F427CA5420336E12EE746F2BCEE34">BOLD</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
BIN:
<ext-link id="5EBDA84AB9D41786BF07FD07B2F8974A" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:ADM9835" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="6930EF5668C5C72B232ED545958B3E72">BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="25FFC730D3E6CF19814639255C290E7D" collectionCode="BOLD">ADM 9835</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
,
<ext-link id="337326C380ECFE8EC4AF66820CA46994" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_BarcodeCluster?clusteruri=BOLD:ACL1477" xlink_type="simple">
<collectionCode id="B6BD642674EE7AE6097CE1BE4ED49737">BOLD</collectionCode>
:
<specimenCode id="DDBAA04D5AC0537F1B6A3B987E99C485" collectionCode="BOLD">ACL 1477</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
; both, males and females, were barcoded (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EE7493B323E181AFAE9B4B6E22E97E8F" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Pseudosmittia unniae adult male A Head B wing C scutum D hypopygium E virga." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038068">6 F</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EKSAE" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6694BE38C6F74A46D9EEFFD3C74F4518">
<heading id="424B869322F43134FC5753A60D84FC57" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E1ED1B324262EF00D8EAE9434C50E94">
Species is present in
<collectingCountry id="B6B49DF2191975B7C46AD9C92955BEB9" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="769A0B7333B03E4CF575684B8C2EF14F" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Species is otherwise known from
<collectingCountry id="BDAE273D5618DC734E0A014B7F641D76" name="Chad">Chad</collectingCountry>
, D.
<collectionCode id="FCBE782265346ED2AEFA1CDC6CCBB260" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
.
<collectingCountry id="12C0F0EA2B6FD7E6EFF1805E99605700" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="380BBA755B2DFC7411DB297C7A4AA55A" name="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="B8835FC8FF2226D2F972AFBEABF46535" name="Niger">Niger</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="2E34AF0AB09A324FF967F26833BD61CB" name="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D132D262E8DF04732C5804CC4DB1C361" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="13C2571DADF0CA0196B95A5973E2F34C" name="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0238865EBD116BA402C8C20CFB4BEFF8" author="Ashe and O'Connor" firstAuthor="Ashe" refId="B3" refString="Ashe P, O’Connor JP (2012) A world catalogue of Chironomidae (Díptera). Part 2. Orthocladiinae. Two volumes (Sections A, B). Irish Biogeographical Society, Dublin, [14] + [xvi +] 468 pp., [6] + 500 pp." year="2012">Ashe and O’Connor 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

154
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<taxonomicName id="B63F07E8609EE769D9054C2FCCC1979F" ID-CoL="4LD6Y" authority="Kieffer, 1918" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abyssiniae">
<emphasis id="BB893892E7767F9D62AB665673DDE943" italics="true">Polypedilum abyssiniae</emphasis>
Kieffer, 1918
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<figureCitation id="8FA67C1B912E401573C1F9978C717788" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Chironomini, adult males A, B Chironomus transvaalensis C Chironomus calipterus D Dicrotendipes septemmaculatus E Kiefferulus brevipalpis F Parachironomus acutus G Paracladopelma rhodesianus H Polypedilum abyssiniae A, C – H hypopygia B head." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.111920.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1038072">Fig. 10 H</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0ETRAI" type="material">
<paragraph id="BF01DEDF9AB220EA8CBE67C34776EE1B">
<heading id="60F72132CF0676134FB4B135AD432B10" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E48F9C9CFED13668F0D590C0BF045078">
<materialsCitation id="EB97E12F9A35AA878E8A01C8A9128E65" collectingDate="2018-12-02" collectingDateMax="2018-12-10" collectingDateMin="2018-12-02" collectionCode="V, NMNW" collectorName="Baranov" country="Namibia" latitude="-22.0148" location="Swakop river" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.953402" municipality="Von Bach Dam Nature Reserve" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Otjozondjupa">
<collectingCountry id="B07E0C132CEEAF3095B936FA21B045DE" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
: •
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;
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outflow;
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,
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;
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leg.;
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;
<named-content id="4B108897643BB1B9A35480F89B050C1E" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/national-museum-namibia" xlink_title="National Museum of Namibia in Windhoek">
<collectionCode id="E8709C3C6C7E7DED1FC2A266D213E7D4" country="Namibia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y6s1-e7mm" name="National Museum of Namibia" type="">NMNW</collectionCode>
</named-content>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EFSAI" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7FE0D83B59AD570E3E1BD17AC8FB8161">
<heading id="99E62A534BDF0F264D6B140A31DECC08" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0092900B958B4D9A3B66431EF1B794A1">
The species was previously recorded from
<collectingCountry id="65947EF76B5A7B4B696F99AE65B31E7E" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="FDB35872BCC7E9E6239E89EDEF3F7D6A" country="Namibia" name="Kunene">Kunene</collectingRegion>
river) (
<bibRefCitation id="BC41D531160CAB6BCB3AB476BD922BC0" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
), otherwise it was recorded from
<collectingCountry id="A05FA180AC2C337A2EFA678269DD58F0" name="Chad">Chad</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D5022DDD325092BBB640E08752AE154B" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="2675207C4FED58F019F9EF3F49841700" name="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="DCA5E1AF62F598BEC8DC09B9F0F1C920" name="Serbia">Mali</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8FD62C91CBD086928F1ADDA722D89BD7" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D0D4C74AAB8D0BFF399FF6A27312A601" name="Sudan">Sudan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="78A622CCD70517295F5160C513AB552E" name="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="13C7F820E6237487B97BA2C546AC5D64" author="Freeman" firstAuthor="Freeman" journalOrPublisher="Entomology" pagination="285-368" refId="B16" refString="Freeman P (1956) A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology 4: 285–368." title="A study of the Chironomidae (Diptera) of Africa south of the Sahara. Part II. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)." volume="4" year="1956">Freeman 1956</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9695CDCEE6F67E3238246A5ACF7E7DBA" DOI="10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" author="Freeman and Cranston" firstAuthor="Freeman" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Oriental Insects" pagination="323-329" refId="B20" refString="Freeman P, Cranston P (1980) Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175–202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species. Oriental Insects 39 (1): 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2005.10417443" title="Family Chironomidae. Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London: 175-202. Ghonaim, M., Ali, A., &amp; Amer, M. (2005). Cladotanytarsus (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Egypt with description of a new species." volume="39" year="1980">Freeman and Cranston 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1DACD1C43CFB51A02DAF4BE11BD2F94D" author="Curtis" firstAuthor="Curtis" journalOrPublisher="Madoqua" pagination="163-187" refId="B4" refString="Curtis B (1991) Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia. Madoqua 1991: 163–187." title="Freshwater macro-invertebrates of Namibia." volume="1991" year="1991">Curtis 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EB84D05B93F1B3CBD13167D0BE2F624D" author="Harrison" firstAuthor="Harrison" refId="B24" refString="Harrison A (2004) The non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of South Africa. University of Waterloo, Canada. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" url="http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/zooento/Martin/chironomidae" year="2004">Harrison 2004</bibRefCitation>
). No specimens of this species were successfully barcoded as a part of this project.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>