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<mods:title id="C2811E302AE3AB48ACA9B3997AB79F87">Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 (Reduviidae, Emesinae, Saicini): taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis with morphological characters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="67C44AA61EB599C32E3BD7D943FA9F1C">Melo, María Cecilia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6C97F88F3C8D93A08DF107B68874114E">División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s / n B 1900 FWA, La Plata, Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET valeoptera @ gmail. com (corresponding author) ceciliamelo @ fcnym. unlp. edu. ar</mods:affiliation>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="B9609A39910202151BDCFAA7FBB5FA68" box="[1012,1067,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="817">Saica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910202151C1AFAA7FAABFA68" author="AMYOT C. J. B. &amp; SERVILLE J. C. A." box="[1074,1333,1395,1421]" pageId="6" pageNumber="817" refId="ref21945" refString="AMYOT C. J. B. &amp; SERVILLE J. C. A. 1843. - Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hemipteres. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 645 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8471" type="book" year="1843">Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B9609A39910202151B05FA62FCC1FA28" box="[813,863,1462,1485]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="817">Saica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910202151B4CFA61FB1DFA28" author="AMYOT C. J. B. &amp; SERVILLE J. C. A." box="[868,1155,1461,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="817" refId="ref21945" refString="AMYOT C. J. B. &amp; SERVILLE J. C. A. 1843. - Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hemipteres. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 645 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8471" type="book" year="1843">Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843: 372</bibRefCitation>
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. —
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<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910202151C83FA61FA1EFA28" author="CHAMPION G." box="[1195,1408,1461,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="817" refId="ref22513" refString="CHAMPION G. 1898. - Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Heteroptera, in GODMAN F. G. &amp; SALVIN O. (eds), Biologia Centrali-Americana. Porter R. H., London, 416 p." type="book" year="1898">Champion 1898: 176</bibRefCitation>
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[key for five species]. —
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<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910202151BC3FA04FA8CFA02" author="MCATEE W. L. &amp; MALLOCH J. R." box="[1003,1298,1487,1512]" pageId="6" pageNumber="817" pagination="247 - 255" refId="ref23929" refString="MCATEE W. L. &amp; MALLOCH J. R. 1923. - Notes on American Bactrodinae and Saicinae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 16: 247 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 16.3.247" type="journal article" year="1923">McAtee &amp; Malloch 1923: 250</bibRefCitation>
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[key for six species]. —
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<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910202151B56FA3EFB38F9E7" author="MALDONADO CAPRILES J." box="[894,1190,1514,1538]" pageId="6" pageNumber="817" refId="ref23898" refString="MALDONADO CAPRILES J. 1990. - Systematic catalogue of the Reduviidae of the world (Insecta: Heteroptera). University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, 694 p." type="book" year="1990">Maldonado Capriles 1990: 478</bibRefCitation>
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[cat.]. —
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910202151D2CFA3EFC07F9F8" author="CASTRO-HUERTAS V. &amp; MELO M. C." pageId="6" pageNumber="817" refId="ref22257" refString="CASTRO-HUERTAS V. &amp; MELO M. C. 2023. - Outside the pattern: Evolution of the genital asymmetry in Saicinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae). Journal of Morphology 284: e 21610. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 21610" type="journal volume" year="2023">Castro-Huertas &amp; Melo 2023</bibRefCitation>
[
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8910202151B8CF9D0FC68F9F9" ID-CoL="628NJ" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1859" box="[932,1014,1540,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="817" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Saicinae">Saicinae</taxonomicName>
phylogenetic analyses].
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. —
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8910202151BFFF9E2FA90F9AB" authority="Fabricius, 1803" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1803" box="[983,1294,1590,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Zelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="817" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recurvatus">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910202151C5DF9E2FA90F9AB" author="FABRICIUS J. C." box="[1141,1294,1590,1614]" pageId="6" pageNumber="817" refId="ref22779" refString="FABRICIUS J. C. 1803. - Systema rhyngotorum: secundum ordines, genera, species: adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Reichard C., Brunswick, 314 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11644" type="book" year="1803">Fabricius, 1803</bibRefCitation>
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, by monotypy.
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. — Head with a tuft of strong setae on the mandibular plates and on the postocular region ventrally (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910202151D72F9ABFA3FF972" box="[1370,1441,1663,1687]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1939,1957]" captionTargetBox="[135,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[134,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Saica sp. mating couple; BI, Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 character details:B, head,lateral view;C, S. rubripes Champion,1898,forewing;D, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915: forewing;E, S. tibialis Stål, 1862 head and thorax, lateral view; F, G, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915 proleg, lateral view (F); scopula detail, mesotarsus (G); H, S. rubripes, scutellum process detail; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898, scutellum process detail. Scale bars: B, F, 1 mm; C, D, E, 2 mm; H, I, 0.5 mm; G, 50 μm. Credits: A, ©NickyBay from https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/126475988" pageId="6" pageNumber="817">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
); pedicel subequal to half the length of the scape; anterior margin of proepisternal supracoxal lobe produced as an acute to subacute process (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910202151B57F91AFC56F903" box="[895,968,1742,1766]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1939,1957]" captionTargetBox="[135,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[134,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Saica sp. mating couple; BI, Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 character details:B, head,lateral view;C, S. rubripes Champion,1898,forewing;D, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915: forewing;E, S. tibialis Stål, 1862 head and thorax, lateral view; F, G, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915 proleg, lateral view (F); scopula detail, mesotarsus (G); H, S. rubripes, scutellum process detail; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898, scutellum process detail. Scale bars: B, F, 1 mm; C, D, E, 2 mm; H, I, 0.5 mm; G, 50 μm. Credits: A, ©NickyBay from https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/126475988" pageId="6" pageNumber="817">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
); thoracic spines always present of variable length, except on anterior lobe of pronotum (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910202151CB1F93DFB7EF8E4" box="[1177,1248,1769,1793]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1939,1957]" captionTargetBox="[135,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[134,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Saica sp. mating couple; BI, Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 character details:B, head,lateral view;C, S. rubripes Champion,1898,forewing;D, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915: forewing;E, S. tibialis Stål, 1862 head and thorax, lateral view; F, G, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915 proleg, lateral view (F); scopula detail, mesotarsus (G); H, S. rubripes, scutellum process detail; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898, scutellum process detail. Scale bars: B, F, 1 mm; C, D, E, 2 mm; H, I, 0.5 mm; G, 50 μm. Credits: A, ©NickyBay from https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/126475988" pageId="6" pageNumber="817">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
); prolegs with simple strong setae; protibia conspicuously curved (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910202151CF1F8D7FABEF8FE" box="[1241,1312,1795,1819]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1939,1957]" captionTargetBox="[135,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[134,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Saica sp. mating couple; BI, Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 character details:B, head,lateral view;C, S. rubripes Champion,1898,forewing;D, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915: forewing;E, S. tibialis Stål, 1862 head and thorax, lateral view; F, G, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915 proleg, lateral view (F); scopula detail, mesotarsus (G); H, S. rubripes, scutellum process detail; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898, scutellum process detail. Scale bars: B, F, 1 mm; C, D, E, 2 mm; H, I, 0.5 mm; G, 50 μm. Credits: A, ©NickyBay from https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/126475988" pageId="6" pageNumber="817">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
); scopula setae dense on ventral surface of all third tarsomeres (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910202151CD7F8CAFAD2F8D3" box="[1279,1356,1822,1846]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1939,1957]" captionTargetBox="[135,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[134,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Saica sp. mating couple; BI, Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 character details:B, head,lateral view;C, S. rubripes Champion,1898,forewing;D, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915: forewing;E, S. tibialis Stål, 1862 head and thorax, lateral view; F, G, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915 proleg, lateral view (F); scopula detail, mesotarsus (G); H, S. rubripes, scutellum process detail; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898, scutellum process detail. Scale bars: B, F, 1 mm; C, D, E, 2 mm; H, I, 0.5 mm; G, 50 μm. Credits: A, ©NickyBay from https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/126475988" pageId="6" pageNumber="817">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
); posteromedial process of pygophore bifid (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910202151CACF8ECFB4EF8B5" box="[1156,1232,1848,1872]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[133,144,1915,1933]" captionTargetBox="[149,1420,214,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[146,1439,214,1874]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 5. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843,male genitalia,pygophore:caudal view (AJ): A, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915;B, S. carayoni Villiers,1943;C, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; D, S. lativentris Villiers, 1943; E, S. ochracea Distant, 1902; F, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); G, S. rubripes Champion, 1898;H, S. subinermis Hussey,1953; I, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; J, S. tupackatari n. sp.; lateral view (KQ): K, S. apicalis; L, S. erubescens; M, S. lativentris; N, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); O, S. rubripes Champion,1898; P, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; Q, S. tupackatari n. sp. Abbreviations: ao, anterior opening of pygophore; br, transverse bridge of pygophore; go, genital opening; mpp, medial process of pygophore; pa, paramere; pmr, posterior margin of ramus; ps, paramere socket. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="817">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
); and posterior margin of the abdominal sternite VII of females vertical to subvertical.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E15A0910202141B05F857FE5EFE68" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="818" pageId="6" pageNumber="817" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAB462B910202141B05F857FE5EFE68" blockId="6.[813,1456,1922,2026]" lastBlockId="7.[131,777,215,398]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="818" pageId="6" pageNumber="817">
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F7910202151B05F857FC22F87C" baselines="1940,1941" box="[813,956,1923,1946]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="6" pageNumber="817">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
. — Species of
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8910202151C7FF857FB14F87F" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[1111,1162,1923,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="817" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9609A39910202151C7FF857FB14F87F" box="[1111,1162,1923,1946]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="817">Saica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are widely distributed in the Neotropical region, ranging from
<collectingRegion id="49D088C9910202151C51F849FB21F850" box="[1145,1215,1949,1973]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="6" pageNumber="817">Florida</collectingRegion>
in
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB910202151CF7F849FAFCF850" box="[1247,1378,1949,1973]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="817">United States</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingRegion id="49D088C9910202151DAAF849FC54F82A" country="Argentina" name="Corrientes" pageId="6" pageNumber="817">Corrientes Province</collectingRegion>
in
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB910202151BC6F863FBD1F82A" box="[1006,1103,1975,1999]" name="Argentina" pageId="6" pageNumber="817">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910202151C76F863FB02F82A" box="[1118,1180,1975,1999]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1082,1100]" captionText="FIG. 7. — Distributional map of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 species. Saica apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915, S. carayoni Villiers, 1943, S. cruentata Bergroth, 1913, S. elkinsi Blinn, 1994, S. erubescens Champion, 1898, S. fuscipes Stål, 1862, and S. lativentris Villiers, 1943. Empty circles, distributional information from examined material,circles with a dot,distributional information from the literature." pageId="6" pageNumber="817">Figs 7</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910202151C82F863FB26F82A" box="[1194,1208,1975,1999]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[813,824,1096,1114]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,215,1039]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 8. — Distributional map of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species. Saica meridionalis Fracker &amp; Bruner, 1924, S. ochracea Distant, 1902, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803), S. rubripes Champion, 1898, S. subinermis Hussey, 1953, S. tibialis Stål, 1862, and S. tupackatari n. sp. Empty circles, distributional information from examined material, circles with a dot, distributional information from the literature." pageId="6" pageNumber="817">8</figureCitation>
). They are mostly found in the south of the Mesoamerican region and the North-Western Andes, and in the Amazon basin.
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8910302141997FF03FDA6FF0A" authorityName="Osborn &amp; Drake" authorityYear="1915" box="[447,568,215,239]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="818" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
<emphasis id="B9609A39910302141997FF03FDA6FF0A" box="[447,568,215,239]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Saica apicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the southernmost record but also the widest distribution within the genus (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910302141A94FF25FD67FEEF" box="[700,761,241,266]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1082,1100]" captionText="FIG. 7. — Distributional map of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 species. Saica apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915, S. carayoni Villiers, 1943, S. cruentata Bergroth, 1913, S. elkinsi Blinn, 1994, S. erubescens Champion, 1898, S. fuscipes Stål, 1862, and S. lativentris Villiers, 1943. Empty circles, distributional information from examined material,circles with a dot,distributional information from the literature." pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA89103021418AEFED8FF60FEC1" authorityName="Blinn" authorityYear="1994" box="[134,254,268,292]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="818" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elkinsi">
<emphasis id="B9609A399103021418AEFED8FF60FEC1" box="[134,254,268,292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Saica elkinsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species showing a Nearctic distribution, ranging from
<collectingRegion id="49D088C9910302141938FEF2FECAFEDB" box="[272,340,294,318]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Illinois</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingRegion id="49D088C991030214195FFEF2FE23FEDB" box="[375,445,294,318]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Florida</collectingRegion>
in eastern
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB910302141A05FEF2FD2FFEDB" box="[557,689,294,318]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">United States</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910302141AE8FEF2FD62FEDB" box="[704,764,294,318]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[132,143,1082,1100]" captionText="FIG. 7. — Distributional map of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 species. Saica apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915, S. carayoni Villiers, 1943, S. cruentata Bergroth, 1913, S. elkinsi Blinn, 1994, S. erubescens Champion, 1898, S. fuscipes Stål, 1862, and S. lativentris Villiers, 1943. Empty circles, distributional information from examined material,circles with a dot,distributional information from the literature." pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Some species show discontinuous distributional records probably by information gaps because of inadequate collecting, showing the necessity of research in this area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E15A09103021418ACFE63FA37F80E" pageId="7" pageNumber="818" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB462B9103021418ACFE63FEB0FE2A" blockId="7.[132,302,439,529]" box="[132,302,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F79103021418ACFE63FEB0FE2A" baselines="458,458" box="[132,302,439,465]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Redescription" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">REDESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B9103021418ACFE02FF27FE15" blockId="7.[132,302,439,529]" box="[132,185,470,496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">
<emphasis id="B9609A399103021418ACFE02FF27FE15" box="[132,185,470,496]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B9103021418ACFE23FE84FDF4" blockId="7.[132,302,439,529]" box="[132,282,503,529]" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Macropterous</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B9103021418ACFDE2FEF3FBEB" blockId="7.[130,777,566,1039]" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">
<emphasis id="B9609A399103021418ACFDE2FE94FDB5" bold="true" box="[132,266,566,592]" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Coloration.</emphasis>
Body coloration usually reddish, sometimes yellowish to brownish. Head (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE9103021419FBFD82FDB9FD95" box="[467,551,598,624]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1939,1957]" captionTargetBox="[135,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[134,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Saica sp. mating couple; BI, Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 character details:B, head,lateral view;C, S. rubripes Champion,1898,forewing;D, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915: forewing;E, S. tibialis Stål, 1862 head and thorax, lateral view; F, G, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915 proleg, lateral view (F); scopula detail, mesotarsus (G); H, S. rubripes, scutellum process detail; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898, scutellum process detail. Scale bars: B, F, 1 mm; C, D, E, 2 mm; H, I, 0.5 mm; G, 50 μm. Credits: A, ©NickyBay from https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/126475988" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
): Uniformly reddish to brownish. Antennae with scape and pedicel reddish to brown. Labium with first and second labial segments usually concolorous, reddish to brownish, third segment usually yellowish. Thorax (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910302141966FD01FE01FD15" box="[334,415,725,752]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1939,1957]" captionTargetBox="[135,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[134,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Saica sp. mating couple; BI, Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 character details:B, head,lateral view;C, S. rubripes Champion,1898,forewing;D, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915: forewing;E, S. tibialis Stål, 1862 head and thorax, lateral view; F, G, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915 proleg, lateral view (F); scopula detail, mesotarsus (G); H, S. rubripes, scutellum process detail; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898, scutellum process detail. Scale bars: B, F, 1 mm; C, D, E, 2 mm; H, I, 0.5 mm; G, 50 μm. Credits: A, ©NickyBay from https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/126475988" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
): Uniformly reddish to brownish, some species with darker regions; anterior and posterior lobes usually concolorous; spines of the humeral angles, meso- and metanotum with the apex reddish, yellowish, or brownish; supracoxal lobes with the posterior margins concolorous with the thorax or paler. Legs (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE9103021419BCFCA1FE7DFC6A" box="[404,483,885,911]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1939,1957]" captionTargetBox="[135,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[134,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Saica sp. mating couple; BI, Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 character details:B, head,lateral view;C, S. rubripes Champion,1898,forewing;D, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915: forewing;E, S. tibialis Stål, 1862 head and thorax, lateral view; F, G, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915 proleg, lateral view (F); scopula detail, mesotarsus (G); H, S. rubripes, scutellum process detail; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898, scutellum process detail. Scale bars: B, F, 1 mm; C, D, E, 2 mm; H, I, 0.5 mm; G, 50 μm. Credits: A, ©NickyBay from https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/126475988" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
): Variable between species, meso- and metalegs usually similar to prolegs. Forewings (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE9103021418A6FC61FE9DFC2A" box="[142,259,949,975]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1939,1957]" captionTargetBox="[135,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[134,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Saica sp. mating couple; BI, Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 character details:B, head,lateral view;C, S. rubripes Champion,1898,forewing;D, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915: forewing;E, S. tibialis Stål, 1862 head and thorax, lateral view; F, G, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915 proleg, lateral view (F); scopula detail, mesotarsus (G); H, S. rubripes, scutellum process detail; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898, scutellum process detail. Scale bars: B, F, 1 mm; C, D, E, 2 mm; H, I, 0.5 mm; G, 50 μm. Credits: A, ©NickyBay from https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/126475988" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Fig. 1C, D</figureCitation>
): Semi-hyaline, yellowish to brownish, veins and pterostigma coloration variable between species. Abdomen: Reddish to brownish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B9103021418ACFBE0FE24FA08" blockId="7.[130,775,1076,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">
<emphasis id="B9609A399103021418ACFBE0FF77FBAB" bold="true" box="[132,233,1076,1102]" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Vestiture.</emphasis>
Body with sparse, fine, suberect setae. Head: Densely setose, ventral margin of maxillary plate and posteroventral eye margin with a tuft of strong setae. Scape and pedicel with dense, long setae, nearly twice as long as the diameter of the antennal segments; remaining segments with short setae. First and third labial segments with simple, short setae ventrally; second segment with a tuft of strong setae ventrally (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910302141A82FB27FD64FAEB" box="[682,762,1267,1294]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1939,1957]" captionTargetBox="[135,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[134,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Saica sp. mating couple; BI, Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 character details:B, head,lateral view;C, S. rubripes Champion,1898,forewing;D, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915: forewing;E, S. tibialis Stål, 1862 head and thorax, lateral view; F, G, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915 proleg, lateral view (F); scopula detail, mesotarsus (G); H, S. rubripes, scutellum process detail; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898, scutellum process detail. Scale bars: B, F, 1 mm; C, D, E, 2 mm; H, I, 0.5 mm; G, 50 μm. Credits: A, ©NickyBay from https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/126475988" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Thorax: With sparse, fine, suberect setae. Legs: Procoxae with long setae; protrochanters with a pair of tufts of strong setae ventrally; profemora with a ventral row of strong setae, intermixed with dense decumbent setae, anterodorsal surface with a row of strong setae on medial and apical regions; protibiae with dense, suberect setae; scopula present on ventral surface of third tarsomere of all legs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B9103021418ACF9C6FA2CFA68" blockId="7.[130,777,1554,2028]" lastBlockId="7.[811,1458,215,1422]" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">
<emphasis id="B9609A399103021418ACF9C6FF6FF9C9" bold="true" box="[132,241,1554,1580]" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Structure.</emphasis>
Head (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE91030214196BF9C6FE0BF9C8" box="[323,405,1554,1581]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1939,1957]" captionTargetBox="[135,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[134,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Saica sp. mating couple; BI, Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 character details:B, head,lateral view;C, S. rubripes Champion,1898,forewing;D, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915: forewing;E, S. tibialis Stål, 1862 head and thorax, lateral view; F, G, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915 proleg, lateral view (F); scopula detail, mesotarsus (G); H, S. rubripes, scutellum process detail; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898, scutellum process detail. Scale bars: B, F, 1 mm; C, D, E, 2 mm; H, I, 0.5 mm; G, 50 μm. Credits: A, ©NickyBay from https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/126475988" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
): Anteocular region nearly as long as postocular region, postocular region globose; interocular sulcus deep, almost straight; clypeus flat. Eyes hemispherical in dorsal view, dorsoventrally ovoid in lateral view. Labium (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE9103021418A5F946FF42F949" box="[141,220,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1939,1957]" captionTargetBox="[135,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[134,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Saica sp. mating couple; BI, Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 character details:B, head,lateral view;C, S. rubripes Champion,1898,forewing;D, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915: forewing;E, S. tibialis Stål, 1862 head and thorax, lateral view; F, G, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915 proleg, lateral view (F); scopula detail, mesotarsus (G); H, S. rubripes, scutellum process detail; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898, scutellum process detail. Scale bars: B, F, 1 mm; C, D, E, 2 mm; H, I, 0.5 mm; G, 50 μm. Credits: A, ©NickyBay from https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/126475988" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
): First segment stout; second segment swollen basally, about as long as third; third segment tapering towards apex. Thorax (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE9103021418F6F906FEB1F909" box="[222,303,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1939,1957]" captionTargetBox="[135,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[134,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Saica sp. mating couple; BI, Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 character details:B, head,lateral view;C, S. rubripes Champion,1898,forewing;D, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915: forewing;E, S. tibialis Stål, 1862 head and thorax, lateral view; F, G, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915 proleg, lateral view (F); scopula detail, mesotarsus (G); H, S. rubripes, scutellum process detail; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898, scutellum process detail. Scale bars: B, F, 1 mm; C, D, E, 2 mm; H, I, 0.5 mm; G, 50 μm. Credits: A, ©NickyBay from https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/126475988" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
): Pronotum longer than wide. Anterior lobe subquadrate, disc rugose, anterior and posterior margins with a pair of lateral blunt protuberances each, anterior pair larger and closer to each other than posterior pair. Posterior lobe trapezoidal, about as long as anterior lobe; humeral angles projecting into spines, usually long (short in some species); transverse furrow deeply impressed. Mesoscutum with a broad base, medially depressed, laterally forming a ridge, apex truncate, tapering into a long, erect spine; scutellum with a posterior blunt process, apically entire or emarginate, and usually concave posteriorly; metanotum with a reclined long or short erect spine. Prosternum with a projected proepisternal process, apex pointed; stridulitrum narrow; prosternal process small; mesosternum longer than prosternum; metasternum slightly shorter than mesosternum. Legs: Procoxae cylindrical; protrochanters triangular; profemora stout; protibiae curved, slightly expanded apically (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910302141C7AFE62FB3DFE34" box="[1106,1187,438,465]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[132,143,1939,1957]" captionTargetBox="[135,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[134,1455,215,1835]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 1. — A, Saica sp. mating couple; BI, Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 character details:B, head,lateral view;C, S. rubripes Champion,1898,forewing;D, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915: forewing;E, S. tibialis Stål, 1862 head and thorax, lateral view; F, G, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915 proleg, lateral view (F); scopula detail, mesotarsus (G); H, S. rubripes, scutellum process detail; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898, scutellum process detail. Scale bars: B, F, 1 mm; C, D, E, 2 mm; H, I, 0.5 mm; G, 50 μm. Credits: A, ©NickyBay from https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/126475988" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
), with a flat tibial comb on inner surface; tarsi three-segmented, basal segment the longest; apical segment globose; claws simple, slender and curved. Metalegs slightly longer than mesolegs; meso- and metacoxae ovoid; meso- and metatrochanters triangular; meso- and metafemora, and meso- and metatibiae long and slender; meso- and metatarsi similar to protarsi. Forewings with two or three closed cells, basal cell small, nearly triangular, with short prolongation of the R+ M vein basally; discal cell trapezoidal and elongate. Abdomen: Elongate ovoid (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910302141B1DFD21FC2CFCEA" box="[821,946,757,783]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1962,1980]" captionTargetBox="[137,1452,215,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-14@12.[132,1455,215,1839]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 2. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species, habitus: AD, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915, male dorsal (A); male, lateral (B); female, dorsal (C); female, lateral (D); EF, S. carayoni Villiers, 1943,male holotype,MNHN;dorsal (E); lateral (F); G, H, S. elkinsi Blinn, 1994,female paratype, USNM:dorsal (G); lateral (H); IL, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; male dorsal (I); male, lateral (J); female, dorsal (K); female, lateral (L). Scale bars: 2 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Fig. 2C, D</figureCitation>
), lateral margins smooth. Segment 8 with the anterior margin slightly concave, posterior margin entire, spiracles not projected. Genitalia(
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910302141CA7FCE1FB51FCB5" box="[1167,1231,821,848]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[133,144,1915,1933]" captionTargetBox="[149,1420,214,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[146,1439,214,1874]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 5. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843,male genitalia,pygophore:caudal view (AJ): A, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915;B, S. carayoni Villiers,1943;C, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; D, S. lativentris Villiers, 1943; E, S. ochracea Distant, 1902; F, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); G, S. rubripes Champion, 1898;H, S. subinermis Hussey,1953; I, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; J, S. tupackatari n. sp.; lateral view (KQ): K, S. apicalis; L, S. erubescens; M, S. lativentris; N, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); O, S. rubripes Champion,1898; P, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; Q, S. tupackatari n. sp. Abbreviations: ao, anterior opening of pygophore; br, transverse bridge of pygophore; go, genital opening; mpp, medial process of pygophore; pa, paramere; pmr, posterior margin of ramus; ps, paramere socket. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Figs 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910302141CF2FCE1FB76FCAA" box="[1242,1256,821,847]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1914,1932]" captionTargetBox="[147,1455,226,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@22.[132,1455,215,1832]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 6. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843, male and female genitalia, phallus, dorsal view (AG): A, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915; B, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; C, S. lativentris Villiers,1943; D, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); E, S. rubripes Champion, 1898; F, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; G, S. tupackatari n. sp.; bursa copulatrix ventral view (HM); H, S. apicalis; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; J, S. meridionalis Fracker &amp; Bruner, 1924; K, S. recurvata; L, S. rubripes Champion, 1898; M, S. tibialis Stål, 1862. Abbreviations: apt, arms of articulatory apparatus; bc, bursa copulatrix; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallotecal sclerite; ese, elongate sclerites of endosome; gap8, gonapophysis 8; gcx8, gonocoxa 8; gpl, gonoplac." pageId="7" pageNumber="818">6</figureCitation>
): Pygophore ovoid in dorsal view, posteromedial process bifid (mpp) reclined at about 45° or nearly vertical, shape of ramus variable between species, posterior margin next to each ramus (pmr) flat or with a pair of blunt processes; genital opening (go) and anterior opening separated by a narrow transverse bridge (br); anterior opening (ao) anteriorly positioned to longitudinal axis of pygophore; area surrounding paramere socket (ps) with short setae. Paramere (pa) long and gently curving apically, slightly wider on the medial region, apical half slightly sharpening, long delicate setae homogeneously distributed on medial and apical surface, apex acute. Phallus (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910302141C81FB40FB76FB4B" box="[1193,1256,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1914,1932]" captionTargetBox="[147,1455,226,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@22.[132,1455,215,1832]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 6. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843, male and female genitalia, phallus, dorsal view (AG): A, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915; B, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; C, S. lativentris Villiers,1943; D, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); E, S. rubripes Champion, 1898; F, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; G, S. tupackatari n. sp.; bursa copulatrix ventral view (HM); H, S. apicalis; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; J, S. meridionalis Fracker &amp; Bruner, 1924; K, S. recurvata; L, S. rubripes Champion, 1898; M, S. tibialis Stål, 1862. Abbreviations: apt, arms of articulatory apparatus; bc, bursa copulatrix; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallotecal sclerite; ese, elongate sclerites of endosome; gap8, gonapophysis 8; gcx8, gonocoxa 8; gpl, gonoplac." pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A-G): Arms of articulatory apparatus (apt) projecting towards lateral margins in dorsal view; with basal plate bridge (bpb) developed, and variable in length. Phallosoma with dorsal phallothecal sclerite (dps) symmetric, nearly triangular, curved dorsally, rounded to truncate apically, projected laterally or not. Endosoma with a symmetric sclerite ventrally, with elongate sclerites (ese) apically, and triangular short sclerites lateral or apically.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9609A39910302141B05FA67FCE8FA28" box="[813,886,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Female</emphasis>
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Similar to males in most respects. Macropterous, but
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8910302141D7DFA07FA31FA08" authorityName="Blinn" authorityYear="1994" box="[1365,1455,1491,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="818" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elkinsi">
<emphasis id="B9609A39910302141D7DFA07FA31FA08" box="[1365,1455,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">S. elkinsi</emphasis>
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with micropterous form.
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<emphasis id="B9609A39910302141B05F9E6FC0BF9A9" bold="true" box="[813,917,1586,1612]" pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Vestiture.</emphasis>
Head: Scape and pedicel with dense, long setae, nearly one time as long as the diameter of the antennal segments. Genitalia: Tergite 8 nearly transversely rectangular, wider than long, posteromedial margin entire, medially with long, semierect setae; tergite 9 nearly oval to quadrangular, posteromedial margin entire, medially with long, semierect setae; gonocoxa 8 (gcx8) nearly rectangular to oval, medial posterior angle projecting into a process, anterior and posterior margins straight, lateral anterior prolongation short and wide, medial margin slightly projected; gonoplac (gpl) formed by two triangular fused sclerites, tapering apically, apex sharp, entire or with a blunt process, lateral external margins straight or slightly sinuose; gonapophysis 9 not sclerotized anteriorly; bursa copulatrix (bc) membranous and ovoid (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE910302141D08F805FAC1F80E" box="[1312,1375,2001,2027]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1914,1932]" captionTargetBox="[147,1455,226,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@22.[132,1455,215,1832]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 6. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843, male and female genitalia, phallus, dorsal view (AG): A, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915; B, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; C, S. lativentris Villiers,1943; D, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); E, S. rubripes Champion, 1898; F, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; G, S. tupackatari n. sp.; bursa copulatrix ventral view (HM); H, S. apicalis; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; J, S. meridionalis Fracker &amp; Bruner, 1924; K, S. recurvata; L, S. rubripes Champion, 1898; M, S. tibialis Stål, 1862. Abbreviations: apt, arms of articulatory apparatus; bc, bursa copulatrix; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallotecal sclerite; ese, elongate sclerites of endosome; gap8, gonapophysis 8; gcx8, gonocoxa 8; gpl, gonoplac." pageId="7" pageNumber="818">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
H-M).
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Family
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Latreille, 1807
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Subfamily
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<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA910202151C77FAC0FAFCFACB" author="AMYOT C. J. B. &amp; SERVILLE J. C. A." box="[1119,1378,1299,1326]" pageId="6" pageNumber="817" refId="ref21945" refString="AMYOT C. J. B. &amp; SERVILLE J. C. A. 1843. - Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hemipteres. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 645 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8471" type="book" year="1843">Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843</bibRefCitation>
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<mods:namePart id="9D29F27DE028A8D446C0341F51DBFD8F">María, Valentina Castro-Huertas</mods:namePart> <mods:namePart id="F23E4381EA2FF03C06AC91CD3FCFD775">María, Valentina Castro-Huertas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="88F0529BF04CAA30E357DB3E10301ABD">División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s / n B 1900 FWA, La Plata, Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET valeoptera @ gmail. com (corresponding author) ceciliamelo @ fcnym. unlp. edu. ar</mods:affiliation> <mods:affiliation id="433333210EA13530F54956A2CB5C0928">División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s / n B 1900 FWA, La Plata, Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET valeoptera @ gmail. com (corresponding author) ceciliamelo @ fcnym. unlp. edu. ar</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DFD8BD8F3983F9554FC131668B4E421E">Melo, María Cecilia</mods:namePart> <mods:namePart id="C7B8454297A1457350F62D409C4E1E39">Melo, María Cecilia</mods:namePart>
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@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ Villiers, 1943
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@ -121,18 +121,13 @@ Villiers, 1943
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; ;
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: : Est. de São Paulo,
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de
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,
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Val. Du
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; ;
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; MNHN-EH-EH25369 (high-resolution images, ;
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). ).
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@ -171,7 +166,7 @@ Val. Du
</paragraph> </paragraph>
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Macropterous. Measurements in Macropterous. Measurements in
<tableCitation id="C69673909109021E19C0F966FDA4F929" box="[488,570,1714,1740]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="10.[132,143,219,237]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species. All measurements are in mm. Abbreviations: Wid., width; Len., length; scap., scapus; ped., pedicel; basif., basiflagellomere;distif., distiflagellomere; lb1, labial visible segment 1; lb2, labial visible segment 2; lb3, labial visible segment 3; cx, coxa; fem., femur; tib, tibia; T. Len fw., total length to forewing; T. Len. abd., total length to abdomen." pageId="13" pageNumber="824">Table 2</tableCitation> <tableCitation id="C69673909109021E19C0F966FDA4F929" box="[488,570,1714,1740]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="10.[132,143,219,237]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species. All measurements are in mm. Abbreviations: Wid., width; Len., length; scap., scapus; ped., pedicel; basif., basiflagellomere;distif., distiflagellomere; lb1, labial visible segment 1; lb2, labial visible segment 2; lb3, labial visible segment 3; cx, coxa; fem., femur; tib, tibia; T. Len fw., total length to forewing; T. Len. abd., total length to abdomen." pageId="13" pageNumber="824">Table 2</tableCitation>
. .
</paragraph> </paragraph>
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<mods:namePart id="8B3993E8EFAB1ACDF4961A20E6E6BB59">María, Valentina Castro-Huertas</mods:namePart> <mods:namePart id="B9325C61BF7997FD233B0D3AEE50CC7E">María, Valentina Castro-Huertas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8DFA4E019A3B4A5AE7AA8DA10E556755">División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s / n B 1900 FWA, La Plata, Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET valeoptera @ gmail. com (corresponding author) ceciliamelo @ fcnym. unlp. edu. ar</mods:affiliation> <mods:affiliation id="EFC355352BE1E10E52E30928D366ECC7">División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s / n B 1900 FWA, La Plata, Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET valeoptera @ gmail. com (corresponding author) ceciliamelo @ fcnym. unlp. edu. ar</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5E5A9BA7A45A57FBB8C3A2409A2CD283" type="email">ceciliamelo@fcnym.unlp.edu</mods:nameIdentifier> <mods:nameIdentifier id="C996499C6EB61A4A093F031021C17DB9" type="email">ceciliamelo@fcnym.unlp.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name> </mods:name>
<mods:name id="7CEFE268F678B20039C55F310CE0D5C5" type="personal"> <mods:name id="425EA494C553266634D928D3D63E9842" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AE15B5A54D6954A70323ECBB630B47A6"> <mods:role id="5A4E15CA66E8E6611600BA386099B105">
<mods:roleTerm id="B9D0C48135CB95FC6F00838FCF5D8CBB">Author</mods:roleTerm> <mods:roleTerm id="364024A5DE4FB7EE7129C1CDAE564217">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role> </mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0242852F64786695B8F99CC18299D2E6">Melo, María Cecilia</mods:namePart> <mods:namePart id="FA125EB0E0A6A064EED348B028B7AD71">Melo, María Cecilia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BD057AE8209CAE795FF88A41BA4C7A6B">División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s / n B 1900 FWA, La Plata, Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET valeoptera @ gmail. com (corresponding author) ceciliamelo @ fcnym. unlp. edu. ar</mods:affiliation> <mods:affiliation id="87E43B3417BC9BFB8CC2B19C4AD0339C">División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s / n B 1900 FWA, La Plata, Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET valeoptera @ gmail. com (corresponding author) ceciliamelo @ fcnym. unlp. edu. ar</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2FBE931DC21D3ED07FA3F3144313D512" type="email">ceciliamelo@fcnym.unlp.edu</mods:nameIdentifier> <mods:nameIdentifier id="33407D0A7590EA75ECB24AF6372B0F55" type="email">ceciliamelo@fcnym.unlp.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name> </mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="2CB15DA31D6F8A373729299595A070D6">text</mods:typeOfResource> <mods:typeOfResource id="A33B32F44C607B91FCB2B2AC7E956415">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="3038D2E413FDF6D35B94F58EB7CF98CE" type="host"> <mods:relatedItem id="932275FB950BCEE1EDE65A2B1BF9B2C5" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="EC5DF26C66B7267AA3E436F81581945C"> <mods:titleInfo id="DD50ACAB83CCB3D6AE5453C6836BF510">
<mods:title id="C3FDC34D568E028C3588B995970C71CE">Zoosystema</mods:title> <mods:title id="4029692DC98F582922F4963084C2550F">Zoosystema</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo> </mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="B32C272A94C6B25CF80AACCD5571D6E9"> <mods:part id="996AEF8DA65CFBE72F3D0E0DAC6BB44C">
<mods:date id="66CD7FF28381E4345F0176806EAC672C">2024</mods:date> <mods:date id="E83A10AF3FA573D82FCB28ACBF4BDA51">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="D18E5F9DCCE8FA67698D02A8A6D4CCAA" type="pubDate"> <mods:detail id="42BB4DD0836A5BF7EDEEFE5EE8DF303D" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="60B65862E5C8BEF16F0A44FCB4CE55CC">2024-12-17</mods:number> <mods:number id="0FFB277E3F867D343A38E61534F06424">2024-12-17</mods:number>
</mods:detail> </mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="0F7F8B45269D398CF0AD5D0A53DD6764" type="volume"> <mods:detail id="438A1274FA9972C74C4F0730F8852C1D" type="volume">
<mods:number id="FBEBC1FDC44625581039B058754AB7D6">46</mods:number> <mods:number id="0C1BCBC68A590CB9BEA571A3DFF4A659">46</mods:number>
</mods:detail> </mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="CC3EB87517FA4C647C06598E37E26551" type="issue"> <mods:detail id="62E3AD3B594A46727CE35FE172318096" type="issue">
<mods:number id="28A3B9855421C0BC98FB7EC99D1A7E43">32</mods:number> <mods:number id="2DAE31D6CC1CE973440E8937FBBC26CC">32</mods:number>
</mods:detail> </mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="C892D99CFA2F83D173517C814E0D809C" unit="page"> <mods:extent id="31D311D83D371D8A63CBD67AFDD8B5FA" unit="page">
<mods:start id="1803E96623B6AE54871C55AA249DA97F">813</mods:start> <mods:start id="EA823CCA9330392348435E3A70E5554A">813</mods:start>
<mods:end id="448FB1C7F72C93E8C1FE84FE9777AC6D">845</mods:end> <mods:end id="71197F528D2D1D8BF48748E462FFE518">845</mods:end>
</mods:extent> </mods:extent>
</mods:part> </mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem> </mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="96FE29A66F37AF3337991EA199C08E20"> <mods:location id="0A75D1E47E814C3EFD73206FBE49A886">
<mods:url id="59E11D53F16F5C38E27D2C71F9A5EC87">https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2024v46a32.pdf</mods:url> <mods:url id="986B249758EBABA3C57D1A974C86AB9C">https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2024v46a32.pdf</mods:url>
</mods:location> </mods:location>
<mods:classification id="32452E9B0FE6881273B952C8CB15F2AF">journal article</mods:classification> <mods:classification id="22DEFBA1935DA2BFB1EA1FB75FDB2D2E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="BB952BCE36F2865CA358168FF66A947D" type="DOI">10.5252/zoosystema2024v46a32</mods:identifier> <mods:identifier id="E831574DB128CCCDD245ABBAE2E34107" type="DOI">10.5252/zoosystema2024v46a32</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6C357B42F6F72DF6AC5E90BE94BD7386" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier> <mods:identifier id="E8EA3178EBEB06C8FB2929CBF4743409" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="4471C01A104137EB9F10F6CD5E29FB76" type="ZooBank">DED2FACC-4128-49BB-A017-220D0ED10888</mods:identifier> <mods:identifier id="AED351CAC8B9023FA5B316AF9DB9F940" type="ZooBank">DED2FACC-4128-49BB-A017-220D0ED10888</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods> </mods:mods>
<treatment id="03BDF73D910A021C1925FA27FE38FE94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D910A021C1925FA27FE38FE94" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BDF73D910A021C1925FA27FE38FE94" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="825" pageId="14" pageNumber="825"> <treatment id="03BDF73D910A021C1925FA27FE38FE94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D910A021C1925FA27FE38FE94" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BDF73D910A021C1925FA27FE38FE94" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="825" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
<subSubSection id="C30E15A0910A021D1925FA27FDE1F9E8" box="[269,639,1522,1549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="nomenclature"> <subSubSection id="C30E15A0910A021D1925FA27FDE1F9E8" box="[269,639,1522,1549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="nomenclature">
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ Lucas
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E15A0910A021D18ACF909FE24F802" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="materials_examined"> <subSubSection id="C30E15A0910A021D18ACF909FE24F802" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAB462B910A021D18ACF909FD72F8EA" blockId="14.[132,775,1757,1807]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825"> <paragraph id="8BAB462B910A021D18ACF909FD72F8EA" blockId="14.[132,775,1757,1807]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76910A021D18ACF909FD72F8EA" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Panama" location="Bugaba" municipality="Champion" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype"> <materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76910A021D18ACF909FD72F8EA" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Panama" location="Champion" municipality="Champion" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" specimenCode="BMNH(E) 1688178" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Bugaba" typeStatus="holotype">
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F7910A021D18ACF909FF79F916" baselines="1774,1775" box="[132,231,1757,1780]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord> <smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F7910A021D18ACF909FF79F916" baselines="1774,1775" box="[132,231,1757,1780]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F7910A021D18C6F936FECCF916" baselines="1775" box="[238,338,1762,1779]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="examined" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord> <smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F7910A021D18C6F936FECCF916" baselines="1775" box="[238,338,1762,1779]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="examined" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
. — . —
@ -116,14 +116,14 @@ Lucas
<specimenCount id="9D128DA2910A021D1A65F935FDFFF91D" box="[589,609,1761,1784]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="male"></specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D128DA2910A021D1A65F935FDFFF91D" box="[589,609,1761,1784]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="male"></specimenCount>
; ;
<location id="8ECB10F0910A021D1A45F909FD27F910" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D910A021C1925FA27FE38FE94:8ECB10F0910A021D1A45F909FD27F910" box="[621,697,1757,1781]" country="Panama" municipality="Champion" name="Bugaba" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Bugaba</location> <collectingRegion id="49D088C9910A021D1A45F909FD27F910" box="[621,697,1757,1781]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Bugaba</collectingRegion>
: :
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCFDC51910A021D1AEAF909FF2AF8EA" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Champion</collectingMunicipality> <location id="8ECB10F0910A021D1AEAF909FF2AF8EA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D910A021C1925FA27FE38FE94:8ECB10F0910A021D1AEAF909FF2AF8EA" country="Panama" municipality="Champion" name="Champion" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" stateProvince="Bugaba">Champion</location>
; ;
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE910A021D1896F92CFE93F8EA" box="[190,269,1784,1807]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">BMNH</collectionCode> <collectionCode id="ED05DEEE910A021D1896F92CFE93F8EA" box="[190,269,1784,1807]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">BMNH</collectionCode>
[ [
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE910A021D1931F923FEF4F8EA" box="[281,362,1783,1807]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">BMNH</collectionCode> <specimenCode id="DBB2EE50910A021D1931F923FE74F8EA" box="[281,490,1783,1807]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">BMNH(E) 1688178</specimenCode>
(E) 1688178] (high-resolution images). ] (high-resolution images).
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B910A021D18ACF8E4FE24F802" blockId="14.[130,775,1840,2026]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825"> <paragraph id="8BAB462B910A021D18ACF8E4FE24F802" blockId="14.[130,775,1840,2026]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
@ -135,7 +135,6 @@ Lucas
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB910A021D19FEF8E4FDB9F8AD" box="[470,551,1840,1864]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Panama</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F30306BB910A021D19FEF8E4FDB9F8AD" box="[470,551,1840,1864]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Panama</collectingCountry>
</emphasis> </emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76910A021D1A6AF8E4FE35F87C" collectingDate="2019-05-03" collectingDateMax="2019-05-07" collectingDateMin="2019-05-03" collectionCode="STRI" collectorName="Bobadilla &amp; Lopez &amp; Perez &amp; Ramirez" country="Colombia" latitude="9.154722" location="Oeste Province" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.84806" municipality="Barro Colorado Is." pageId="14" pageNumber="825" specimenCode="BCI169355" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Panama">
<specimenCount id="9D128DA2910A021D1A6AF8E4FDF9F8AE" box="[578,615,1840,1867]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D128DA2910A021D1A6AF8E4FDF9F8AE" box="[578,615,1840,1867]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; ;
<collectingRegion id="49D088C9910A021D1A5EF8E4FD5BF8A2" box="[630,709,1840,1863]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Panama</collectingRegion> <collectingRegion id="49D088C9910A021D1A5EF8E4FD5BF8A2" box="[630,709,1840,1863]" country="Panama" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Panama</collectingRegion>
@ -152,11 +151,8 @@ Lucas
</date> </date>
; ;
<collectingMethod id="52553E3C910A021D18ABF8B1FF47F899" box="[131,217,1893,1917]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">light trap</collectingMethod> <collectingMethod id="52553E3C910A021D18ABF8B1FF47F899" box="[131,217,1893,1917]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">light trap</collectingMethod>
LT-ARM <specimenCode id="DBB2EE50910A021D18F5F8B1FE58F898" box="[221,454,1893,1917]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">LT-ARM3-MAY2019-B</specimenCode>
<date id="FFAA60EB910A021D1912F8B1FE2CF898" box="[314,434,1893,1917]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" value="2019-05-03"> ;
<collectingDate id="EFEE9903910A021D1912F8B1FE2CF898" box="[314,434,1893,1917]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" value="2019-05-03">3-MAY2019</collectingDate>
</date>
-B;
<collectorName id="26E123FD910A021D19E5F8B1FDB4F898" box="[461,554,1893,1917]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Bobadilla</collectorName> <collectorName id="26E123FD910A021D19E5F8B1FDB4F898" box="[461,554,1893,1917]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Bobadilla</collectorName>
, ,
<collectorName id="26E123FD910A021D1A1AF8B1FDF0F899" box="[562,622,1893,1916]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Lopez</collectorName> <collectorName id="26E123FD910A021D1A1AF8B1FDF0F899" box="[562,622,1893,1916]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Lopez</collectorName>
@ -172,9 +168,7 @@ LT-ARM
<emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D196FF855FE35F87C" bold="true" box="[327,427,1921,1945]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825"> <emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D196FF855FE35F87C" bold="true" box="[327,427,1921,1945]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB910A021D196FF855FE35F87C" box="[327,427,1921,1945]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Colombia</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F30306BB910A021D196FF855FE35F87C" box="[327,427,1921,1945]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Colombia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis> </emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76910A021D19E8F8ABFC99F82B" collectingDate="2018-02-25" collectionCode="IAVH-E" collectorName="C. Neita E. Torres &amp; M. I. Castro &amp; Trampa" country="Nicaragua" elevation="801" latitude="6.0" location="Carmen de Chucuri" longLatPrecision="42943" longitude="73.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" specimenCode="IAVH-E-206089" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Santander">
<specimenCount id="9D128DA2910A021D19E8F8ABFE7AF87E" box="[448,484,1919,1947]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D128DA2910A021D19E8F8ABFE7AF87E" box="[448,484,1919,1947]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; ;
<collectingRegion id="49D088C9910A021D19DAF8ABFDC6F872" box="[498,600,1919,1943]" country="Colombia" name="Santander" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Santander</collectingRegion> <collectingRegion id="49D088C9910A021D19DAF8ABFDC6F872" box="[498,600,1919,1943]" country="Colombia" name="Santander" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Santander</collectingRegion>
@ -196,9 +190,7 @@ LT-ARM
<collectorName id="26E123FD910A021D19C7F84EFD3CF854" box="[495,674,1946,1970]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">C. Neita E. Torres</collectorName> <collectorName id="26E123FD910A021D19C7F84EFD3CF854" box="[495,674,1946,1970]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">C. Neita E. Torres</collectorName>
and and
<collectorName id="26E123FD910A021D1AFCF84EFF59F829" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">M. I. Castro</collectorName> <collectorName id="26E123FD910A021D1AFCF84EFF59F829" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">M. I. Castro</collectorName>
; ; Trampa de luz UV;
<collectorName id="26E123FD910A021D18F8F861FE85F829" box="[208,283,1973,1996]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Trampa</collectorName>
de luz UV;
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE910A021D19A7F860FE7BF829" box="[399,485,1972,1996]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">IAVH-E</collectionCode> <collectionCode id="ED05DEEE910A021D19A7F860FE7BF829" box="[399,485,1972,1996]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">IAVH-E</collectionCode>
; ;
<specimenCode id="DBB2EE50910A021D19C6F860FD07F829" box="[494,665,1972,1996]" collectionCode="IAVH-E-" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">IAVH-E-206089</specimenCode> <specimenCode id="DBB2EE50910A021D19C6F860FD07F829" box="[494,665,1972,1996]" collectionCode="IAVH-E-" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">IAVH-E-206089</specimenCode>
@ -206,9 +198,7 @@ de luz UV;
<emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D1A89F862FC99F82B" bold="true" box="[673,775,1974,1998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825"> <emphasis id="B9609A39910A021D1A89F862FC99F82B" bold="true" box="[673,775,1974,1998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB910A021D1A89F862FC99F82B" box="[673,775,1974,1998]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Nicaragua</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F30306BB910A021D1A89F862FC99F82B" box="[673,775,1974,1998]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
</emphasis> </emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76910A021D18BCF81BFE2BF802" box="[148,437,1998,2026]" collectingDate="1962-09" collectionCode="MACN" country="Nicaragua" location="Rama" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santander">
<specimenCount id="9D128DA2910A021D18BCF81BFF2BF80F" box="[148,181,1999,2026]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D128DA2910A021D18BCF81BFF2BF80F" box="[148,181,1999,2026]" count="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; ;
<location id="8ECB10F0910A021D18EAF81BFF63F803" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D910A021C1925FA27FE38FE94:8ECB10F0910A021D18EAF81BFF63F803" box="[194,253,1999,2022]" country="Nicaragua" name="Rama" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" stateProvince="Santander">Rama</location> <location id="8ECB10F0910A021D18EAF81BFF63F803" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D910A021C1925FA27FE38FE94:8ECB10F0910A021D18EAF81BFF63F803" box="[194,253,1999,2022]" country="Nicaragua" name="Rama" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" stateProvince="Santander">Rama</location>
@ -217,8 +207,7 @@ de luz UV;
<collectingDate id="EFEE9903910A021D1920F81AFEC3F803" box="[264,349,1998,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" value="1962-09">IX.1962</collectingDate> <collectingDate id="EFEE9903910A021D1920F81AFEC3F803" box="[264,349,1998,2022]" pageId="14" pageNumber="825" value="1962-09">IX.1962</collectingDate>
</date> </date>
; ;
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</materialsCitation>
. .
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
@ -277,7 +266,7 @@ and
</paragraph> </paragraph>
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Macropterous. Measurements in Macropterous. Measurements in
<tableCitation id="C6967390910A021D1CB8FDA2FB7DFD75" box="[1168,1251,630,656]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="10.[132,143,219,237]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species. All measurements are in mm. Abbreviations: Wid., width; Len., length; scap., scapus; ped., pedicel; basif., basiflagellomere;distif., distiflagellomere; lb1, labial visible segment 1; lb2, labial visible segment 2; lb3, labial visible segment 3; cx, coxa; fem., femur; tib, tibia; T. Len fw., total length to forewing; T. Len. abd., total length to abdomen." pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Table 2</tableCitation> <tableCitation id="C6967390910A021D1CB8FDA2FB7DFD75" box="[1168,1251,630,656]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="10.[132,143,219,237]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species. All measurements are in mm. Abbreviations: Wid., width; Len., length; scap., scapus; ped., pedicel; basif., basiflagellomere;distif., distiflagellomere; lb1, labial visible segment 1; lb2, labial visible segment 2; lb3, labial visible segment 3; cx, coxa; fem., femur; tib, tibia; T. Len fw., total length to forewing; T. Len. abd., total length to abdomen." pageId="14" pageNumber="825">Table 2</tableCitation>
. .
</paragraph> </paragraph>
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View file

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<mods:title id="F39C2C7744E754F434FB0E6F0E6D9FDB">Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 (Reduviidae, Emesinae, Saicini): taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis with morphological characters</mods:title> <mods:title id="1A8832B68771254806740E3056BEAB4D">Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 (Reduviidae, Emesinae, Saicini): taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis with morphological characters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EF6F654A355C082FD59ACE1E69E318BB">María, Valentina Castro-Huertas</mods:namePart> <mods:namePart id="F73DF9CF6235B14809760D9FB817D57D">María, Valentina Castro-Huertas</mods:namePart>
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; ;
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@ -186,7 +185,7 @@ Serra
</paragraph> </paragraph>
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Macropterous. Measurements in Macropterous. Measurements in
<tableCitation id="C6967390910B021C1CB8FCA1FB7DFC6A" box="[1168,1251,885,911]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="10.[132,143,219,237]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species. All measurements are in mm. Abbreviations: Wid., width; Len., length; scap., scapus; ped., pedicel; basif., basiflagellomere;distif., distiflagellomere; lb1, labial visible segment 1; lb2, labial visible segment 2; lb3, labial visible segment 3; cx, coxa; fem., femur; tib, tibia; T. Len fw., total length to forewing; T. Len. abd., total length to abdomen." pageId="15" pageNumber="826">Table 2</tableCitation> <tableCitation id="C6967390910B021C1CB8FCA1FB7DFC6A" box="[1168,1251,885,911]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="10.[132,143,219,237]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species. All measurements are in mm. Abbreviations: Wid., width; Len., length; scap., scapus; ped., pedicel; basif., basiflagellomere;distif., distiflagellomere; lb1, labial visible segment 1; lb2, labial visible segment 2; lb3, labial visible segment 3; cx, coxa; fem., femur; tib, tibia; T. Len fw., total length to forewing; T. Len. abd., total length to abdomen." pageId="15" pageNumber="826">Table 2</tableCitation>
. .
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<mods:title id="8FB5098FAEA9621607BC42FD63E787BF">Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 (Reduviidae, Emesinae, Saicini): taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis with morphological characters</mods:title> <mods:title id="A98AE4653E6C4965FAAD7D3416E7F3E3">Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 (Reduviidae, Emesinae, Saicini): taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis with morphological characters</mods:title>
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. — MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
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; ;
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Fig. 3
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). ).
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@ -161,7 +166,7 @@ Swanson &amp; Chordas
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Macropterous. Measurements in Macropterous. Measurements in
<tableCitation id="C6967390910B021C19C0FC20FDA4FBEA" box="[488,570,1012,1039]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="10.[132,143,219,237]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species. All measurements are in mm. Abbreviations: Wid., width; Len., length; scap., scapus; ped., pedicel; basif., basiflagellomere;distif., distiflagellomere; lb1, labial visible segment 1; lb2, labial visible segment 2; lb3, labial visible segment 3; cx, coxa; fem., femur; tib, tibia; T. Len fw., total length to forewing; T. Len. abd., total length to abdomen." pageId="15" pageNumber="826">Table 2</tableCitation> <tableCitation id="C6967390910B021C19C0FC20FDA4FBEA" box="[488,570,1012,1039]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="10.[132,143,219,237]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species. All measurements are in mm. Abbreviations: Wid., width; Len., length; scap., scapus; ped., pedicel; basif., basiflagellomere;distif., distiflagellomere; lb1, labial visible segment 1; lb2, labial visible segment 2; lb3, labial visible segment 3; cx, coxa; fem., femur; tib, tibia; T. Len fw., total length to forewing; T. Len. abd., total length to abdomen." pageId="15" pageNumber="826">Table 2</tableCitation>
. .
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<mods:title id="2F575E75152C1CA146184DACB7A02C10">Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 (Reduviidae, Emesinae, Saicini): taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis with morphological characters</mods:title> <mods:title id="E93BC761F97135C73A04FA12DC71B961">Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 (Reduviidae, Emesinae, Saicini): taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis with morphological characters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CC59B9868C6483D0EB925A216451659A">María, Valentina Castro-Huertas</mods:namePart> <mods:namePart id="D5777212891C709741F39F9D5C149D61">María, Valentina Castro-Huertas</mods:namePart>
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Macropterous. Measurements in Macropterous. Measurements in
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. .
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<mods:title id="CB35639EB2353406C5721A9B353F9D40">Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 (Reduviidae, Emesinae, Saicini): taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis with morphological characters</mods:title> <mods:title id="E98C9ADEAF664DB9565D6FFB66FFAEFC">Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 (Reduviidae, Emesinae, Saicini): taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis with morphological characters</mods:title>
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@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ I-L; 5I, P; 6F, M; 8)
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. — MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
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@ -112,25 +113,28 @@ MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
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det. Stål; B.C.A. Rhyn. II, det.
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, etik. Hecher 1996; , etik. Hecher 1996;
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<typeStatus id="54AFF8899113020418ACF933FE93F91A" box="[132,269,1767,1791]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus> <typeStatus id="54AFF8899113020418ACF933FE93F91A" box="[132,269,1767,1791]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis> </emphasis>
@ -140,16 +144,13 @@ det. Stål; B.C.A. Rhyn. II,
</emphasis> </emphasis>
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; ; Signt;
<location id="8ECB10F091130204198AF933FE47F91A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D91130204196DFA47FA35F849:8ECB10F091130204198AF933FE47F91A" box="[418,473,1767,1791]" country="Mexico" name="Signt" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">Signt</location>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA89113020419CCF933FDCBF91B" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" box="[484,597,1766,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis"> <taxonomicName id="4C143DA89113020419CCF933FDCBF91B" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" box="[484,597,1766,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B9609A399113020419CCF933FDB8F91A" box="[484,550,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">tibialis</emphasis> <emphasis id="B9609A399113020419CCF933FDB8F91A" box="[484,550,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">tibialis</emphasis>
Stål Stål
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
; 197 53; ; 197 53;
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(high-resolution images) (high-resolution images)
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
. .
@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ Stål
; ;
<collectingRegion id="49D088C99113020419BFF899FDB5F880" box="[407,555,1869,1893]" country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion> <collectingRegion id="49D088C99113020419BFF899FDB5F880" box="[407,555,1869,1893]" country="Colombia" name="Cundinamarca" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">Cundinamarca</collectingRegion>
, ,
<location id="8ECB10F0911302041A1EF899FD12F880" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D91130204196DFA47FA35F849:8ECB10F0911302041A1EF899FD12F880" box="[566,652,1869,1893]" latitude="4.2769446" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.40972" name="Arbelaez" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">Arbelaez</location> <location id="8ECB10F0911302041A1EF899FD12F880" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D9113020B196DFA47FE93F80E:8ECB10F0911302041A1EF899FD12F880" box="[566,652,1869,1893]" latitude="4.2769446" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-74.40972" name="Arbelaez" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">Arbelaez</location>
; ;
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, ,
@ -206,7 +207,7 @@ Stål
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76911302041AABF8B3FE4FF87F" collectingDate="1992-09-22" collectionCode="UNAB" collectorName="D. Rodriguez" location="La Mesa" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Cundinamarca"> <materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76911302041AABF8B3FE4FF87F" collectingDate="1992-09-22" collectionCode="UNAB" collectorName="D. Rodriguez" location="La Mesa" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">
<specimenCount id="9D128DA2911302041AABF8B3FD39F866" box="[643,679,1895,1923]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D128DA2911302041AABF8B3FD39F866" box="[643,679,1895,1923]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; ;
<location id="8ECB10F0911302041A9AF8BCFC9DF89A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D91130204196DFA47FA35F849:8ECB10F0911302041A9AF8BCFC9DF89A" box="[690,771,1896,1919]" name="La Mesa" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">La Mesa</location> <location id="8ECB10F0911302041A9AF8BCFC9DF89A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D9113020B196DFA47FE93F80E:8ECB10F0911302041A9AF8BCFC9DF89A" box="[690,771,1896,1919]" name="La Mesa" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">La Mesa</location>
; ;
<date id="FFAA60EB9113020418ABF856FF68F87F" box="[131,246,1922,1946]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" value="1992-09-22"> <date id="FFAA60EB9113020418ABF856FF68F87F" box="[131,246,1922,1946]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" value="1992-09-22">
<collectingDate id="EFEE99039113020418ABF856FF68F87F" box="[131,246,1922,1946]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" value="1992-09-22">22.IX.1992</collectingDate> <collectingDate id="EFEE99039113020418ABF856FF68F87F" box="[131,246,1922,1946]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" value="1992-09-22">22.IX.1992</collectingDate>
@ -224,7 +225,7 @@ Stål
, ,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCFDC51911302041A44F856FC9AF87F" box="[620,772,1922,1946]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">Vda. Nariz Alta</collectingMunicipality> <collectingMunicipality id="6BCFDC51911302041A44F856FC9AF87F" box="[620,772,1922,1946]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">Vda. Nariz Alta</collectingMunicipality>
, ,
<location id="8ECB10F09113020418ABF848FE90F851" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D91130204196DFA47FA35F849:8ECB10F09113020418ABF848FE90F851" box="[131,270,1948,1972]" county="Sasaima" latitude="4.9666667" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-74.433334" municipality="Vda. Nariz Alta" name="Finca El Tapaz" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">Finca El Tapaz</location> <location id="8ECB10F09113020418ABF848FE90F851" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D9113020B196DFA47FE93F80E:8ECB10F09113020418ABF848FE90F851" box="[131,270,1948,1972]" county="Sasaima" latitude="4.9666667" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-74.433334" municipality="Vda. Nariz Alta" name="Finca El Tapaz" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">Finca El Tapaz</location>
; ;
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, ,
@ -246,7 +247,7 @@ Stål
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76911302041954F863FEE6F80C" collectingDate="2009-11-15" collectionCode="UNAB" collectorName="Jhon Delgado" location="Silvania" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Cundinamarca"> <materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76911302041954F863FEE6F80C" collectingDate="2009-11-15" collectionCode="UNAB" collectorName="Jhon Delgado" location="Silvania" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">
<specimenCount id="9D128DA2911302041954F863FE03F837" box="[380,413,1975,2002]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D128DA2911302041954F863FE03F837" box="[380,413,1975,2002]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; ;
<location id="8ECB10F0911302041982F863FE66F82A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D91130204196DFA47FA35F849:8ECB10F0911302041982F863FE66F82A" box="[426,504,1975,1999]" name="Silvania" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">Silvania</location> <location id="8ECB10F0911302041982F863FE66F82A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D9113020B196DFA47FE93F80E:8ECB10F0911302041982F863FE66F82A" box="[426,504,1975,1999]" name="Silvania" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" stateProvince="Cundinamarca">Silvania</location>
; ;
<date id="FFAA60EB911302041A28F863FDECF82A" box="[512,626,1975,1999]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" value="2009-11-15"> <date id="FFAA60EB911302041A28F863FDECF82A" box="[512,626,1975,1999]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" value="2009-11-15">
<collectingDate id="EFEE9903911302041A28F863FDECF82A" box="[512,626,1975,1999]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" value="2009-11-15">15.XI.2009</collectingDate> <collectingDate id="EFEE9903911302041A28F863FDECF82A" box="[512,626,1975,1999]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" value="2009-11-15">15.XI.2009</collectingDate>
@ -274,13 +275,13 @@ Stål
; ;
<collectingRegion id="49D088C9911302041CD3FF03FAAFFF0B" box="[1275,1329,215,238]" country="Colombia" name="Meta" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">Meta</collectingRegion> <collectingRegion id="49D088C9911302041CD3FF03FAAFFF0B" box="[1275,1329,215,238]" country="Colombia" name="Meta" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">Meta</collectingRegion>
: :
<location id="8ECB10F0911302041D14FF03FCF0FEEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D91130204196DFA47FA35F849:8ECB10F0911302041D14FF03FCF0FEEF" county="Fusagasuga" municipality="Vda. Mesitas" name="San Juan de Arama" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" stateProvince="Meta">San Juan de Arama</location> <location id="8ECB10F0911302041D14FF03FCF0FEEF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D9113020B196DFA47FE93F80E:8ECB10F0911302041D14FF03FCF0FEEF" county="Fusagasuga" municipality="Vda. Mesitas" name="San Juan de Arama" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" stateProvince="Meta">San Juan de Arama</location>
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76911302041BA9FF25FB5AFEEF" box="[897,1220,241,269]" collectingDate="1997-03-23" collectionCode="UNAB" location="Ropain" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Meta"> <materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76911302041BA9FF25FB5AFEEF" box="[897,1220,241,269]" collectingDate="1997-03-23" collectionCode="UNAB" location="Ropain" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Meta">
<specimenCount id="9D128DA2911302041BA9FF25FC3CFEE8" box="[897,930,241,269]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D128DA2911302041BA9FF25FC3CFEE8" box="[897,930,241,269]" count="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; ;
<location id="8ECB10F0911302041B86FF25FC66FEEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D91130204196DFA47FA35F849:8ECB10F0911302041B86FF25FC66FEEC" box="[942,1016,241,265]" name="Ropain" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" stateProvince="Meta">Ropain</location> <location id="8ECB10F0911302041B86FF25FC66FEEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D9113020B196DFA47FE93F80E:8ECB10F0911302041B86FF25FC66FEEC" box="[942,1016,241,265]" name="Ropain" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" stateProvince="Meta">Ropain</location>
; ;
<date id="FFAA60EB911302041C28FF25FBEBFEEC" box="[1024,1141,241,265]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" value="1997-03-23"> <date id="FFAA60EB911302041C28FF25FBEBFEEC" box="[1024,1141,241,265]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" value="1997-03-23">
<collectingDate id="EFEE9903911302041C28FF25FBEBFEEC" box="[1024,1141,241,265]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" value="1997-03-23">23.III.1997</collectingDate> <collectingDate id="EFEE9903911302041C28FF25FBEBFEEC" box="[1024,1141,241,265]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" value="1997-03-23">23.III.1997</collectingDate>
@ -300,7 +301,7 @@ Stål
; ;
<quantity id="4CECEBCE911302041C6FFED8FB12FEC1" box="[1095,1164,268,292]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" unit="km" value="5.9">5.9 km</quantity> <quantity id="4CECEBCE911302041C6FFED8FB12FEC1" box="[1095,1164,268,292]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" unit="km" value="5.9">5.9 km</quantity>
WbN de WbN de
<location id="8ECB10F0911302041CC4FED8FA31FEC6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D91130204196DFA47FA35F849:8ECB10F0911302041CC4FED8FA31FEC6" box="[1260,1455,268,292]" county="Pueblo Rico" latitude="5.23016" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="76.0836" municipality="Montezuma Ecolodge" name="Pueblo Rico Bosque" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" stateProvince="Risaralda">Pueblo Rico Bosque</location> <location id="8ECB10F0911302041CC4FED8FA31FEC6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D9113020B196DFA47FE93F80E:8ECB10F0911302041CC4FED8FA31FEC6" box="[1260,1455,268,292]" county="Pueblo Rico" latitude="5.23016" longLatPrecision="5" longitude="76.0836" municipality="Montezuma Ecolodge" name="Pueblo Rico Bosque" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" stateProvince="Risaralda">Pueblo Rico Bosque</location>
húmedo; húmedo;
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, ,
@ -327,7 +328,7 @@ _ENT
: :
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCFDC51911302041DA8FE95FA35FEBC" box="[1408,1451,321,345]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">Cali</collectingMunicipality> <collectingMunicipality id="6BCFDC51911302041DA8FE95FA35FEBC" box="[1408,1451,321,345]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">Cali</collectingMunicipality>
, ,
<location id="8ECB10F0911302041B05FE8FFC1FFE96" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D91130204196DFA47FA35F849:8ECB10F0911302041B05FE8FFC1FFE96" box="[813,897,347,371]" latitude="3.3795278" municipality="Cali" name="Univalle" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">Univalle</location> <location id="8ECB10F0911302041B05FE8FFC1FFE96" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D9113020B196DFA47FE93F80E:8ECB10F0911302041B05FE8FFC1FFE96" box="[813,897,347,371]" latitude="3.3795278" municipality="Cali" name="Univalle" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">Univalle</location>
; ;
<geoCoordinate id="EE2020EC911302041BA3FE8FFB92FE96" box="[907,1036,347,371]" degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" precision="1" seconds="46.3" value="3.3795278">3°2246.3”N</geoCoordinate> <geoCoordinate id="EE2020EC911302041BA3FE8FFB92FE96" box="[907,1036,347,371]" degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" precision="1" seconds="46.3" value="3.3795278">3°2246.3”N</geoCoordinate>
, 76°3186.9”W; , 76°3186.9”W;
@ -353,7 +354,7 @@ dulce;
; ;
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCFDC51911302041B05FE45FCEEFE4C" box="[813,880,401,425]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">Dagua</collectingMunicipality> <collectingMunicipality id="6BCFDC51911302041B05FE45FCEEFE4C" box="[813,880,401,425]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">Dagua</collectingMunicipality>
, ,
<location id="8ECB10F0911302041B51FE45FBBFFE4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D91130204196DFA47FA35F849:8ECB10F0911302041B51FE45FBBFFE4D" box="[889,1057,400,424]" country="Argentina" latitude="3.5533333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.597" municipality="Dagua" name="Reserva Chicoral" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">Reserva Chicoral</location> <location id="8ECB10F0911302041B51FE45FBBFFE4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D9113020B196DFA47FE93F80E:8ECB10F0911302041B51FE45FBBFFE4D" box="[889,1057,400,424]" country="Argentina" latitude="3.5533333" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-76.597" municipality="Dagua" name="Reserva Chicoral" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">Reserva Chicoral</location>
; ;
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, ,
@ -432,7 +433,7 @@ Carpintero
). ).
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E15A0911302041B05FCE2FA35F849" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" type="description"> <subSubSection id="C30E15A09113020B1B05FCE2FE93F80E" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="835" pageId="23" pageNumber="834" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911302041B05FCE2FC49FCAB" blockId="23.[813,1254,822,911]" box="[813,983,822,848]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834"> <paragraph id="8BAB462B911302041B05FCE2FC49FCAB" blockId="23.[813,1254,822,911]" box="[813,983,822,848]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">
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</paragraph> </paragraph>
@ -441,7 +442,7 @@ Carpintero
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911302041B05FCA1FB78FC6A" blockId="23.[813,1254,822,911]" box="[813,1254,885,911]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834"> <paragraph id="8BAB462B911302041B05FCA1FB78FC6A" blockId="23.[813,1254,822,911]" box="[813,1254,885,911]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">
Macropterous. Measurements in Macropterous. Measurements in
<tableCitation id="C6967390911302041CB8FCA1FB7DFC6A" box="[1168,1251,885,911]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="10.[132,143,219,237]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species. All measurements are in mm. Abbreviations: Wid., width; Len., length; scap., scapus; ped., pedicel; basif., basiflagellomere;distif., distiflagellomere; lb1, labial visible segment 1; lb2, labial visible segment 2; lb3, labial visible segment 3; cx, coxa; fem., femur; tib, tibia; T. Len fw., total length to forewing; T. Len. abd., total length to abdomen." pageId="23" pageNumber="834">Table 2</tableCitation> <tableCitation id="C6967390911302041CB8FCA1FB7DFC6A" box="[1168,1251,885,911]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="10.[132,143,219,237]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species. All measurements are in mm. Abbreviations: Wid., width; Len., length; scap., scapus; ped., pedicel; basif., basiflagellomere;distif., distiflagellomere; lb1, labial visible segment 1; lb2, labial visible segment 2; lb3, labial visible segment 3; cx, coxa; fem., femur; tib, tibia; T. Len fw., total length to forewing; T. Len. abd., total length to abdomen." pageId="23" pageNumber="834">Table 2</tableCitation>
. .
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911302041B05FC60FBA0FACB" blockId="23.[811,1457,948,1326]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834"> <paragraph id="8BAB462B911302041B05FC60FBA0FACB" blockId="23.[811,1457,948,1326]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">
@ -472,6 +473,146 @@ Macropterous (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE911302041BFAF845FB8FF84E" box="[978,1041,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1961,1979]" captionTargetBox="[137,1445,216,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[132,1455,215,1838]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 4. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 species, habitus: AD, S. rubripes Champion,1898: A, B, male holotype BMNH; dorsal (A); lateral (B); C, D, female; dorsal (C); lateral (D); EF, S. subinermis Hussey, 1953, male holotype, UMMZ, dorsal (E); lateral (F); GJ, S. tibialis Stål, 1862: male, dorsal (G); male, lateral (H); female, dorsal (I); female (J), lateral; K, L, S. tupackatari, n. sp. male, dorsal: male, lateral (L). Scale bars: 2 mm. Credits: A, B, CC-BY-4.0 license." pageId="23" pageNumber="834">Fig. 4</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="132F5AAE911302041BFAF845FB8FF84E" box="[978,1041,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1961,1979]" captionTargetBox="[137,1445,216,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[132,1455,215,1838]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 4. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 species, habitus: AD, S. rubripes Champion,1898: A, B, male holotype BMNH; dorsal (A); lateral (B); C, D, female; dorsal (C); lateral (D); EF, S. subinermis Hussey, 1953, male holotype, UMMZ, dorsal (E); lateral (F); GJ, S. tibialis Stål, 1862: male, dorsal (G); male, lateral (H); female, dorsal (I); female (J), lateral; K, L, S. tupackatari, n. sp. male, dorsal: male, lateral (L). Scale bars: 2 mm. Credits: A, B, CC-BY-4.0 license." pageId="23" pageNumber="834">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
K-L). Similar to male in most respects K-L). Similar to male in most respects
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911302041B05F805FB0BF80E" blockId="23.[813,1173,2001,2027]" box="[813,1173,2001,2027]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911302041B05F805FC33F80E" bold="true" box="[813,941,2001,2027]" pageId="23" pageNumber="834">Coloration.</emphasis>
Thorax: Entirely red.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6B16A3911C020B18ACFBEEFC97FB42" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" startId="24.[132,143,1082,1100]" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911C020B18ACFBEEFC97FB42" blockId="24.[131,777,1082,1191]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">
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. 7. — Distributional map of
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B195EFBEEFD07FBA9" box="[374,665,1082,1100]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B195EFBEEFE3CFBA9" box="[374,418,1082,1100]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Saica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA911C020B198DFBEEFDCAFBA9" author="AMYOT C. J. B. &amp; SERVILLE J. C. A." box="[421,596,1082,1100]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" refId="ref21945" refString="AMYOT C. J. B. &amp; SERVILLE J. C. A. 1843. - Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hemipteres. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 645 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8471" type="book" year="1843">Amyot &amp; Serville,1843</bibRefCitation>
species.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B1AB5FBEEFEA0FB86" authority="Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915" authorityName="Osborn &amp; Drake" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B1AB5FBEEFC99FBA9" box="[669,775,1082,1100]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Saica apicalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA911C020B18ABFB85FEA0FB86" author="OSBORN H. &amp; DRAKE C. J." box="[131,318,1105,1123]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" pagination="529 - 541" refId="ref24221" refString="OSBORN H. &amp; DRAKE C. J. 1915. - Records of Guatemalan Hemiptera - Heteroptera with descriptions of new species. Ohio Naturalist 15: 529 - 541." type="journal article" year="1915">Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B196EFB85FD8DFB86" authority="Villiers, 1943" authorityName="Villiers" authorityYear="1943" box="[326,531,1105,1123]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carayoni">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B196EFB85FE3CFB86" box="[326,418,1105,1123]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">S. carayoni</emphasis>
Villiers, 1943
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B1A34FB85FC9AFB86" authority="Bergroth, 1913" authorityName="Bergroth" authorityYear="1913" box="[540,772,1105,1123]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruentata">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B1A34FB85FD1FFB86" box="[540,641,1105,1123]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">S. cruentata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA911C020B1AAEFB85FC9AFB86" author="BERGROTH E." box="[646,772,1105,1123]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" pagination="233 - 236" refId="ref21994" refString="BERGROTH E. 1913. - On some Reduviidae of the subfamily Saicinae. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 57: 233 - 236." type="journal article" year="1913">Bergroth, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B18ACFBB3FEADFB9F" authority="Blinn, 1994" authorityName="Blinn" authorityYear="1994" box="[132,307,1127,1146]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elkinsi">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B18ACFBB3FF50FB9F" box="[132,206,1127,1146]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">S. elkinsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA911C020B18FBFBBCFEADFB9F" author="BLINN R. L." box="[211,307,1128,1146]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" pagination="62 - 66" refId="ref22061" refString="BLINN R. L. 1994. - Synopsis of the Saicinae (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) of America Noth of Mexico, with the description of a new species of Saica from the eastern United States. Journal New York Entomological Society 102: 62 - 66." type="journal article" year="1994">Blinn, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B1914FBB3FDDAFB9F" authority="Champion, 1898" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1898" box="[316,580,1127,1146]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erubescens">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B1914FBB3FE2CFB9F" box="[316,434,1127,1146]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">S. erubescens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA911C020B1990FBB3FDDAFB9F" author="CHAMPION G." box="[440,580,1127,1146]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" refId="ref22513" refString="CHAMPION G. 1898. - Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Heteroptera, in GODMAN F. G. &amp; SALVIN O. (eds), Biologia Centrali-Americana. Porter R. H., London, 416 p." type="book" year="1898">Champion, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B1A64FBB3FC9AFB9F" authority="Stal, 1862" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" box="[588,772,1127,1146]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscipes">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B1A64FBB3FD36FB9F" box="[588,680,1127,1146]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">S. fuscipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA911C020B1A85FBB3FC9AFB9F" author="STAL C." box="[685,772,1127,1146]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" pagination="437 - 462" refId="ref24444" refString="STAL C. 1862. - Hemiptera mexicana enumeravit species que novas descripsit. Entomologischer Zeitung 23 (1 - 3): 437 - 462." type="journal article" year="1862">Stål, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B1882FBAAFE1AFB75" authority="Villiers, 1943" authorityName="Villiers" authorityYear="1943" box="[170,388,1150,1168]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lativentris">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B1882FBAAFE8EFB75" box="[170,272,1150,1168]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">S. lativentris</emphasis>
Villiers, 1943
</taxonomicName>
. Empty circles, distributional information from examined material,circles with a dot,distributional information from the literature.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6B16A3911C020B1B05FB9CFC59FB2E" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" startId="24.[813,824,1096,1114]" targetBox="[132,1453,215,1039]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911C020B1B05FB9CFC59FB2E" blockId="24.[813,1457,1095,1227]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">
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. 8. — Distributional map of
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B1C10FB93FAE2FBBF" box="[1080,1404,1095,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B1C10FB93FBF8FBBC" box="[1080,1126,1095,1113]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Saica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA911C020B1C44FB9CFAB0FBBF" author="AMYOT C. J. B. &amp; SERVILLE J. C. A." box="[1132,1326,1095,1114]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" refId="ref21945" refString="AMYOT C. J. B. &amp; SERVILLE J. C. A. 1843. - Histoire naturelle des insectes. Hemipteres. Librairie encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 645 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8471" type="book" year="1843">Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843</bibRefCitation>
species.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B1DA9FB93FBC2FB95" authority="Fracker &amp; Bruner, 1924" authorityName="Fracker &amp; Bruner" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B1DA9FB93FC0FFB95" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Saica meridionalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA911C020B1BBEFB8AFBC2FB95" author="FRACKER S. B. &amp; BRUNER S. C." box="[918,1116,1118,1136]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" pagination="163 - 174" refId="ref22877" refString="FRACKER S. B. &amp; BRUNER S. C. 1924. - Notes on some Neotropical Reduviidae. Annals Entomological Society of America 17: 163 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 17.2.163" type="journal article" year="1924">Fracker &amp; Bruner, 1924</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B1C4DFB8AFADCFB95" authority="Distant, 1902" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1902" box="[1125,1346,1118,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochracea">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B1C4DFB8AFB57FB95" box="[1125,1225,1118,1136]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">S. ochracea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA911C020B1CE7FB8AFADCFB95" author="DISTANT W. L." box="[1231,1346,1118,1136]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" refId="ref22646" refString="DISTANT W. L. 1902. - Rhynchotal Notes - XIV. Heteroptera: Families: Hydrometridae, Henicocephalidae, and Reduviidae (part). Annals and magazine of natural history 10: 175. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930208678658" type="journal volume" year="1902">Distant, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B1D63FB8AFC23FB62" authority="(Fabricius, 1803)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1803" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="recurvata">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B1D63FB8AFA31FB95" box="[1355,1455,1118,1136]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">S. recurvata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA911C020B1B1AFBA1FC26FB62" author="FABRICIUS J. C." box="[818,952,1141,1159]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" refId="ref22779" refString="FABRICIUS J. C. 1803. - Systema rhyngotorum: secundum ordines, genera, species: adiectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Reichard C., Brunswick, 314 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11644" type="book" year="1803">Fabricius, 1803</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B1BECFBA1FB28FB62" authority="Champion, 1898" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1898" box="[964,1206,1141,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubripes">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B1BECFBA1FBBEFB62" box="[964,1056,1141,1159]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">S. rubripes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA911C020B1C0FFBA1FB28FB62" author="CHAMPION G." box="[1063,1206,1141,1159]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" refId="ref22513" refString="CHAMPION G. 1898. - Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Heteroptera, in GODMAN F. G. &amp; SALVIN O. (eds), Biologia Centrali-Americana. Porter R. H., London, 416 p." type="book" year="1898">Champion, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B1C97FBA1FA33FB62" authority="Hussey, 1953" authorityName="MOTS CLES Hussey" authorityYear="1953" box="[1215,1453,1141,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subinermis">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B1C97FBA1FAACFB62" box="[1215,1330,1141,1159]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">S. subinermis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA911C020B1D10FBA1FA33FB62" author="HUSSEY R. F." box="[1336,1453,1141,1159]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" pagination="61 - 65" refId="ref23491" refString="HUSSEY R. F. 1953. - Two New Neotropical Saicinae (Reduviidae, Hemiptera). The Florida Entomologist 36: 61 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3492665" type="journal article" year="1953">Hussey, 1953</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B1B05FB5FFC4AFB7B" authority="Stal, 1862" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" box="[813,980,1163,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B1B05FB5FFCE9FB7B" box="[813,887,1163,1182]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">S. tibialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA911C020B1B55FB5FFC4AFB7B" author="STAL C." box="[893,980,1163,1182]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" pagination="437 - 462" refId="ref24444" refString="STAL C. 1862. - Hemiptera mexicana enumeravit species que novas descripsit. Entomologischer Zeitung 23 (1 - 3): 437 - 462." type="journal article" year="1862">Stål, 1862</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B1C29FB5FFBEAFB7B" authorityName="María &amp; Melo" authorityYear="2024" box="[1025,1140,1163,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tupackatari" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B1C29FB5FFBEAFB7B" box="[1025,1140,1163,1182]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">S. tupackatari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2532742911C020B1C51FB58FB37FB7B" box="[1145,1193,1164,1182]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Empty circles, distributional information from examined material, circles with a dot, distributional information from the literature.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911C020B18ACFAC7FED6FA68" blockId="24.[132,777,1299,1421]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B18ACFAC7FF6FFAC8" bold="true" box="[132,241,1299,1325]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Structure.</emphasis>
Abdomen: Posterolateral angles of tergite 7 triangular and angulated. Genitalia: Tergite 9 nearly oval. Apex of gonoplac with a blunt process, with the external margins sinuate (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE911C020B18F7FAA7FEA2FA68" box="[223,316,1395,1421]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1914,1932]" captionTargetBox="[147,1455,226,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@22.[132,1455,215,1832]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 6. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843, male and female genitalia, phallus, dorsal view (AG): A, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915; B, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; C, S. lativentris Villiers,1943; D, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); E, S. rubripes Champion, 1898; F, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; G, S. tupackatari n. sp.; bursa copulatrix ventral view (HM); H, S. apicalis; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; J, S. meridionalis Fracker &amp; Bruner, 1924; K, S. recurvata; L, S. rubripes Champion, 1898; M, S. tibialis Stål, 1862. Abbreviations: apt, arms of articulatory apparatus; bc, bursa copulatrix; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallotecal sclerite; ese, elongate sclerites of endosome; gap8, gonapophysis 8; gcx8, gonocoxa 8; gpl, gonoplac." pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Fig. 6M</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911C020B18ACFA67FF76FA2E" blockId="24.[130,778,1459,2028]" box="[132,232,1459,1485]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911C020B18ACFA07FED9F8E9" blockId="24.[130,778,1459,2028]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B18ACFA07FE91FA08" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" box="[132,271,1491,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B18ACFA07FE91FA08" box="[132,271,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Saica tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily recognized by its unique coloration pattern. In addition, the structure of the posteromedial process of pygophore and the shape of the gonoplac are very useful taxonomic characters to separate this species.
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA911C020B18AEF986FECFF989" author="CHAMPION G." box="[134,337,1618,1644]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" refId="ref22513" refString="CHAMPION G. 1898. - Rhynchota. Hemiptera-Heteroptera, in GODMAN F. G. &amp; SALVIN O. (eds), Biologia Centrali-Americana. Porter R. H., London, 416 p." type="book" year="1898">Champion (1898)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B19D4F987FDFFF989" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" box="[508,609,1618,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B19D4F987FDFFF989" box="[508,609,1618,1645]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">S. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be allied to
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B188BF9A7FEB5F969" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1898" box="[163,299,1650,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erubescens">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B188BF9A7FEB5F969" box="[163,299,1650,1677]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">S. erubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, considering probably the paler coloration of some regions of the body, and the similar posteromedial process of pygophore. However the coloration pattern is conspicuously different as well as the structure of the endosomal sclerites.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911C020B18B3F8C5FE93F80E" blockId="24.[130,778,1459,2028]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA911C020B18B3F8C5FE8CF8C9" author="STAL C." box="[155,274,1809,1836]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" pagination="437 - 462" refId="ref24444" refString="STAL C. 1862. - Hemiptera mexicana enumeravit species que novas descripsit. Entomologischer Zeitung 23 (1 - 3): 437 - 462." type="journal article" year="1862">Stål (1862)</bibRefCitation>
described the species based on male and female specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB911C020B1910F8E5FE13F8AE" box="[312,397,1841,1867]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. However, he did not indicate the number of specimens.
<specimenCount id="9D128DA2911C020B19ACF886FD9BF88E" box="[388,517,1873,1900]" count="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" type="female">Two female</specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54AFF889911C020B1A26F886FDF5F889" box="[526,619,1874,1900]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
are deposited in the
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE911C020B18E4F8A6FEB1F869" box="[204,303,1906,1932]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE911C020B194CF8A5FE2CF86E" box="[356,434,1905,1931]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rsbi-vwmq" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History, Entomology Collections" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">NHRS</collectionCode>
collections, but the male specimen was not found in the collections where Stål material is deposited. Here, we selected the female from
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE911C020B1A8DF866FC96F829" box="[677,776,1970,1996]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
as
<typeStatus id="54AFF889911C020B188AF805FE97F80E" box="[162,265,2001,2027]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
</treatment> </treatment>
</document> </document>

View file

@ -1,53 +1,53 @@
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<mods:title id="3AC3236173B1815BDB46EF19E8767420">Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 (Reduviidae, Emesinae, Saicini): taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis with morphological characters</mods:title> <mods:title id="07055A3AB9980561A57E7DAE4B142881">Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 (Reduviidae, Emesinae, Saicini): taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis with morphological characters</mods:title>
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@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ G-H; 5E; 8)
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@ -109,9 +109,15 @@ G-H; 5E; 8)
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</date> </date>
; Rosenberg: dry season; UCR_ENT00018447; NHMUK01358906; ;
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(E) 1688179 (high-resolution images, : dry season;
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;
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(high-resolution images,
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G-H). G-H).
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@ -150,7 +156,7 @@ G-H); apex of paramere conspicuously acute (
</paragraph> </paragraph>
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Macropterous. Measurements in Macropterous. Measurements in
<tableCitation id="C6967390911502021CB8F9C6FB7DF9C8" box="[1168,1251,1554,1581]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="10.[132,143,219,237]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species. All measurements are in mm. Abbreviations: Wid., width; Len., length; scap., scapus; ped., pedicel; basif., basiflagellomere;distif., distiflagellomere; lb1, labial visible segment 1; lb2, labial visible segment 2; lb3, labial visible segment 3; cx, coxa; fem., femur; tib, tibia; T. Len fw., total length to forewing; T. Len. abd., total length to abdomen." pageId="17" pageNumber="828">Table 2</tableCitation> <tableCitation id="C6967390911502021CB8F9C6FB7DF9C8" box="[1168,1251,1554,1581]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="10.[132,143,219,237]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species. All measurements are in mm. Abbreviations: Wid., width; Len., length; scap., scapus; ped., pedicel; basif., basiflagellomere;distif., distiflagellomere; lb1, labial visible segment 1; lb2, labial visible segment 2; lb3, labial visible segment 3; cx, coxa; fem., femur; tib, tibia; T. Len fw., total length to forewing; T. Len. abd., total length to abdomen." pageId="17" pageNumber="828">Table 2</tableCitation>
. .
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<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C769115020218CFFC66FDEBFC2F" box="[231,629,946,973]" collectingDate="2007-10-16" country="French Guiana" location="Kourou" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santander"> <materialsCitation id="3B7C4C769115020218CFFC66FDEBFC2F" box="[231,629,946,973]" collectingDate="2007-10-16" collectorName="JMB" country="French Guiana" location="Kourou" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santander">
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; CSG ; CSG Kourou;
<location id="8ECB10F0911502021963FC67FE07FC2F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D9115020218F3FDA2FB58FC8A:8ECB10F0911502021963FC67FE07FC2F" box="[331,409,947,970]" country="French Guiana" name="Kourou" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" stateProvince="Santander">Kourou</location>
;
<date id="FFAA60EB91150202198AFC66FD90FC2F" box="[418,526,946,970]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" value="2007-10-16"> <date id="FFAA60EB91150202198AFC66FD90FC2F" box="[418,526,946,970]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" value="2007-10-16">
<collectingDate id="EFEE990391150202198AFC66FD90FC2F" box="[418,526,946,970]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" value="2007-10-16">16.X.2007</collectingDate> <collectingDate id="EFEE990391150202198AFC66FD90FC2F" box="[418,526,946,970]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" value="2007-10-16">16.X.2007</collectingDate>
</date> </date>
; coll. JMB ; coll.
<collectorName id="26E123FD911502021A6EFC67FDEBFC2F" box="[582,629,947,970]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828">JMB</collectorName>
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<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76911502021AA3FC66FDE0FC01" collectingDate="1997-06-05" collectorName="La Victoire &amp; B. Hermier" country="French Guiana" location="Delanglade" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santander"> <materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76911502021AA3FC66FDE0FC01" collectingDate="1997-06-05" collectorName="JMB" country="French Guiana" location="La Victoire" municipality="La Victoire" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Delanglade">
<specimenCount id="9D128DA2911502021AA3FC66FD35FC28" box="[651,683,946,973]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" type="female">1♀</specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D128DA2911502021AA3FC66FD35FC28" box="[651,683,946,973]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
; ;
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: :
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; ;
<date id="FFAA60EB911502021919FC18FE07FC01" box="[305,409,972,996]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" value="1997-06-05"> <date id="FFAA60EB911502021919FC18FE07FC01" box="[305,409,972,996]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" value="1997-06-05">
<collectingDate id="EFEE9903911502021919FC18FE07FC01" box="[305,409,972,996]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" value="1997-06-05">5.VI.1997</collectingDate> <collectingDate id="EFEE9903911502021919FC18FE07FC01" box="[305,409,972,996]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" value="1997-06-05">5.VI.1997</collectingDate>
</date> </date>
; ; B. Hermier; coll.
<collectorName id="26E123FD91150202198CFC19FD88FC00" box="[420,534,973,997]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828">B. Hermier</collectorName> <collectorName id="26E123FD911502021A67FC19FDE0FC01" box="[591,638,973,996]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828">JMB</collectorName>
; coll. JMB
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76911502021ABDFC19FDD1FC1A" collectingDate="1996-08-26" collectorName="Vesco J. P." country="French Guiana" location="Mt" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santander"> <materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76911502021ABDFC19FDD1FC1A" collectingDate="1996-08-26" collectorName="JMB" country="French Guiana" location="Mt des singes" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santander">
<specimenCount id="9D128DA2911502021ABDFC19FD2BFC0D" box="[661,693,973,1000]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" type="female">1♀</specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D128DA2911502021ABDFC19FD2BFC0D" box="[661,693,973,1000]" count="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
; ;
<location id="8ECB10F0911502021AEBFC19FD7CFC01" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D9115020218F3FDA2FB58FC8A:8ECB10F0911502021AEBFC19FD7CFC01" box="[707,738,973,996]" country="French Guiana" name="Mt" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" stateProvince="Santander">Mt</location> <location id="8ECB10F0911502021AEBFC19FF5EFC1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D9115020218F3FDA2FB58FC8A:8ECB10F0911502021AEBFC19FF5EFC1A" country="French Guiana" name="Mt des singes" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" stateProvince="Santander">Mt des singes</location>
des singes; ;
<date id="FFAA60EB9115020218E2FC33FECEFC1A" box="[202,336,999,1023]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" value="1996-08-26"> <date id="FFAA60EB9115020218E2FC33FECEFC1A" box="[202,336,999,1023]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" value="1996-08-26">
<collectingDate id="EFEE99039115020218E2FC33FECEFC1A" box="[202,336,999,1023]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" value="1996-08-26">26.VIII.1996</collectingDate> <collectingDate id="EFEE99039115020218E2FC33FECEFC1A" box="[202,336,999,1023]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828" value="1996-08-26">26.VIII.1996</collectingDate>
</date> </date>
; ; Vesco J.P. réc.; coll.
<collectorName id="26E123FD911502021972FC3CFE26FC1A" box="[346,440,1000,1023]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828">Vesco J.P.</collectorName> <collectorName id="26E123FD911502021A35FC3CFDD1FC1A" box="[541,591,1000,1023]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828">JMB</collectorName>
réc.; coll. JMB
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
. .
</paragraph> </paragraph>
@ -233,7 +232,7 @@ and
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B9115020218ACFAC0FDA0FACB" blockId="17.[132,574,1236,1326]" box="[132,574,1299,1326]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828"> <paragraph id="8BAB462B9115020218ACFAC0FDA0FACB" blockId="17.[132,574,1236,1326]" box="[132,574,1299,1326]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828">
Macropterous. Measurements in Macropterous. Measurements in
<tableCitation id="C69673909115020219C0FAC7FDA4FACB" box="[488,570,1299,1326]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="10.[132,143,219,237]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species. All measurements are in mm. Abbreviations: Wid., width; Len., length; scap., scapus; ped., pedicel; basif., basiflagellomere;distif., distiflagellomere; lb1, labial visible segment 1; lb2, labial visible segment 2; lb3, labial visible segment 3; cx, coxa; fem., femur; tib, tibia; T. Len fw., total length to forewing; T. Len. abd., total length to abdomen." pageId="17" pageNumber="828">Table 2</tableCitation> <tableCitation id="C69673909115020219C0FAC7FDA4FACB" box="[488,570,1299,1326]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="10.[132,143,219,237]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species. All measurements are in mm. Abbreviations: Wid., width; Len., length; scap., scapus; ped., pedicel; basif., basiflagellomere;distif., distiflagellomere; lb1, labial visible segment 1; lb2, labial visible segment 2; lb3, labial visible segment 3; cx, coxa; fem., femur; tib, tibia; T. Len fw., total length to forewing; T. Len. abd., total length to abdomen." pageId="17" pageNumber="828">Table 2</tableCitation>
. .
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B9115020218ACFA87FDE4F949" blockId="17.[132,778,1363,1708]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828"> <paragraph id="8BAB462B9115020218ACFA87FDE4F949" blockId="17.[132,778,1363,1708]" pageId="17" pageNumber="828">

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@ -1,53 +1,53 @@
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Macropterous. Measurements in Macropterous. Measurements in
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. .
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<subSubSection id="C30E15A091170200193FFDE2FDEDFDB5" box="[279,627,565,592]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" type="nomenclature"> <subSubSection id="C30E15A091170200193FFDE2FDEDFDB5" box="[279,627,565,592]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" type="nomenclature">
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ A-D; 5G, O; 6E, L; 8)
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E15A09117020018ACFD20FC96FB07" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" type="materials_examined"> <subSubSection id="C30E15A09117020018ACFD20FC96FB07" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAB462B9117020018ACFD20FD0AFC20" blockId="19.[130,777,755,1250]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830"> <paragraph id="8BAB462B9117020018ACFD20FD0AFC20" blockId="19.[130,777,755,1250]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C769117020018ACFD20FD6AFCEE" box="[132,756,755,783]" country="Panama" location="Panama" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype"> <materialsCitation id="3B7C4C769117020018ACFD20FC97FCA5" collectionCode="BMNH, A, B" country="Panama" elevation="613" location="Champion" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" specimenCode="NHMUK013589071, UCR_ENT00018427, BMNH(E) 1688182" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Chiriqui" typeStatus="lectotype">
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F79117020018ACFD20FF75FCEF" baselines="773,774" box="[132,235,756,779]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord> <smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F79117020018ACFD20FF75FCEF" baselines="773,774" box="[132,235,756,779]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F79117020018DBFD2DFEC7FCEF" baselines="774" box="[243,345,761,778]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="examined" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord> <smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F79117020018DBFD2DFEC7FCEF" baselines="774" box="[243,345,761,778]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="examined" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
. — . —
@ -109,9 +109,7 @@ A-D; 5G, O; 6E, L; 8)
<emphasis id="B9609A39911702001A8BFD27FD6AFCEE" bold="true" box="[675,756,755,779]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830"> <emphasis id="B9609A39911702001A8BFD27FD6AFCEE" bold="true" box="[675,756,755,779]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB911702001A8BFD27FD6AFCEE" box="[675,756,755,779]" name="Panama" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Panama</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F30306BB911702001A8BFD27FD6AFCEE" box="[675,756,755,779]" name="Panama" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Panama</collectingCountry>
</emphasis> </emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C769117020018AEFCDAFEF1FCBE" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Panama" elevation="613" location="Champion" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Chiriqui" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<collectingRegion id="49D088C99117020018AEFCDAFF7FFCC3" box="[134,225,782,806]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Chiriqui</collectingRegion> <collectingRegion id="49D088C99117020018AEFCDAFF7FFCC3" box="[134,225,782,806]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Chiriqui</collectingRegion>
: :
<specimenCount id="9D128DA29117020018C5FCDAFE8FFCCC" box="[237,273,782,809]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D128DA29117020018C5FCDAFE8FFCCC" box="[237,273,782,809]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
@ -121,13 +119,24 @@ A-D; 5G, O; 6E, L; 8)
</quantity> </quantity>
, ,
<location id="8ECB10F09117020019B6FCDAFD90FCC3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D91170200193FFDE2FC2FFA08:8ECB10F09117020019B6FCDAFD90FCC3" box="[414,526,782,806]" country="Panama" name="Champion" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" stateProvince="Chiriqui">Champion</location> <location id="8ECB10F09117020019B6FCDAFD90FCC3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D91170200193FFDE2FC2FFA08:8ECB10F09117020019B6FCDAFD90FCC3" box="[414,526,782,806]" country="Panama" name="Champion" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" stateProvince="Chiriqui">Champion</location>
; NHMUK013589071 / UCR_ENT00018427;
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE911702001942FCFDFE25FCA5" box="[362,443,809,832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">BMNH</collectionCode>
; ;
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE9117020019ECFCFCFD8DFCA5" box="[452,531,808,832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">BMNH</collectionCode> <specimenCode id="DBB2EE50911702001A32FCDAFD68FCC3" box="[538,758,782,806]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">NHMUK013589071</specimenCode>
(E) 1688182 ( /
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE911702001AB1FCFCFD63FCA5" box="[665,765,808,832]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1961,1979]" captionTargetBox="[137,1445,216,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[132,1455,215,1838]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 4. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 species, habitus: AD, S. rubripes Champion,1898: A, B, male holotype BMNH; dorsal (A); lateral (B); C, D, female; dorsal (C); lateral (D); EF, S. subinermis Hussey, 1953, male holotype, UMMZ, dorsal (E); lateral (F); GJ, S. tibialis Stål, 1862: male, dorsal (G); male, lateral (H); female, dorsal (I); female (J), lateral; K, L, S. tupackatari, n. sp. male, dorsal: male, lateral (L). Scale bars: 2 mm. Credits: A, B, CC-BY-4.0 license." pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation> <specimenCode id="DBB2EE509117020018AEFCFCFEFCFCA5" box="[134,354,808,832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">UCR_ENT00018427</specimenCode>
). ;
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE911702001942FCFDFE25FCA5" box="[362,443,809,832]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">BMNH</collectionCode>
;
<specimenCode id="DBB2EE509117020019ECFCFCFD13FCA5" box="[452,653,808,832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">BMNH(E) 1688182</specimenCode>
(
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE911702001AB1FCFCFD63FCA5" box="[665,765,808,832]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1961,1979]" captionTargetBox="[137,1445,216,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[132,1455,215,1838]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 4. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 species, habitus: AD, S. rubripes Champion,1898: A, B, male holotype BMNH; dorsal (A); lateral (B); C, D, female; dorsal (C); lateral (D); EF, S. subinermis Hussey, 1953, male holotype, UMMZ, dorsal (E); lateral (F); GJ, S. tibialis Stål, 1862: male, dorsal (G); male, lateral (H); female, dorsal (I); female (J), lateral; K, L, S. tupackatari, n. sp. male, dorsal: male, lateral (L). Scale bars: 2 mm. Credits: A, B, CC-BY-4.0 license." pageId="19" pageNumber="830">
Fig. 4
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE911702001AF8FCFCFD7DFCA5" box="[720,739,808,832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">A</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE911702001AC3FCFCFD63FCA5" box="[747,765,808,832]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">B</collectionCode>
</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C769117020018ABFC97FD9EFC90" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Champion" country="Panama" elevation="613" location="V. de Chiriqui" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" specimenCode="NHMUK013589072" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="V. de Chiriqui" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<emphasis id="B9609A399117020018ABFC97FE8CFCBE" bold="true" box="[131,274,835,859]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830"> <emphasis id="B9609A399117020018ABFC97FE8CFCBE" bold="true" box="[131,274,835,859]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">
<typeStatus id="54AFF8899117020018ABFC97FE8CFCBE" box="[131,274,835,859]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus> <typeStatus id="54AFF8899117020018ABFC97FE8CFCBE" box="[131,274,835,859]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis> </emphasis>
@ -135,11 +144,8 @@ A-D; 5G, O; 6E, L; 8)
<emphasis id="B9609A39911702001908FC97FEF1FCBE" bold="true" box="[288,367,835,859]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830"> <emphasis id="B9609A39911702001908FC97FEF1FCBE" bold="true" box="[288,367,835,859]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB911702001908FC97FEF1FCBE" box="[288,367,835,859]" name="Panama" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Panama</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F30306BB911702001908FC97FEF1FCBE" box="[288,367,835,859]" name="Panama" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Panama</collectingCountry>
</emphasis> </emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C769117020019ADFC97FD9EFC90" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Champion" country="Panama" elevation="613" location="Chiriqui" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" specimenCode="NHMUK013589072" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Chiriqui" typeStatus="paralectotype"> <collectingRegion id="49D088C99117020019ADFC97FD8AFCBE" box="[389,532,835,859]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">V. de Chiriqui</collectingRegion>
V. de
<collectingRegion id="49D088C9911702001994FC97FD8AFCBE" box="[444,532,835,859]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Chiriqui</collectingRegion>
: :
<specimenCount id="9D128DA2911702001A34FC97FDDEFCBB" box="[540,576,835,862]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D128DA2911702001A34FC97FDDEFCBB" box="[540,576,835,862]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, ,
@ -149,7 +155,7 @@ V. de
, ,
<collectorName id="26E123FD911702001AEAFC97FF28FC90" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Champion</collectorName> <collectorName id="26E123FD911702001AEAFC97FF28FC90" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Champion</collectorName>
; ;
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE9117020018EAFC8AFE88FC90" box="[194,278,862,885]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">BMNH</collectionCode> <collectionCode id="ED05DEEE9117020018EAFC8AFE88FC90" box="[194,278,862,885]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">BMNH</collectionCode>
; ;
<specimenCode id="DBB2EE5091170200190BFC89FD9EFC90" box="[291,512,861,885]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">NHMUK013589072</specimenCode> <specimenCode id="DBB2EE5091170200190BFC89FD9EFC90" box="[291,512,861,885]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">NHMUK013589072</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
@ -163,12 +169,12 @@ V. de
, ,
<collectorName id="26E123FD9117020018AEFCACFF6CFC75" box="[134,242,888,912]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Champion</collectorName> <collectorName id="26E123FD9117020018AEFCACFF6CFC75" box="[134,242,888,912]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Champion</collectorName>
; ;
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE9117020018D3FCACFED2FC6A" box="[251,332,888,911]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">BMNH</collectionCode> <collectionCode id="ED05DEEE9117020018D3FCACFED2FC6A" box="[251,332,888,911]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">BMNH</collectionCode>
; ;
<specimenCode id="DBB2EE5091170200197DFCA3FDB5FC6A" box="[341,555,887,911]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">NHMUK015105198</specimenCode> <specimenCode id="DBB2EE5091170200197DFCA3FDB5FC6A" box="[341,555,887,911]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">NHMUK015105198</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76911702001A16FCACFC98FC4F" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Champion &amp; Columbia" country="Colombia" elevation="458" location="Chiriqui" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" specimenCode="NHMUK015105199" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Chiriqui" typeStatus="paralectotype"> <materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76911702001A16FCACFDB4FC4F" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Champion" country="Colombia" elevation="458" location="Colombia" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" specimenCode="NHMUK015105199" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Chiriqui" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<specimenCount id="9D128DA2911702001A16FCACFDC1FC76" box="[574,607,888,915]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D128DA2911702001A16FCACFDC1FC76" box="[574,607,888,915]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
; idem; ; idem;
<quantity id="4CECEBCE911702001A8DFCACFC9DFC75" box="[677,771,888,912]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.575048" metricValueMax="9.144" metricValueMin="0.006096" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" unit="ft" value="1501.0" valueMax="3000.0" valueMin="2.0"> <quantity id="4CECEBCE911702001A8DFCACFC9DFC75" box="[677,771,888,912]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.575048" metricValueMax="9.144" metricValueMin="0.006096" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" unit="ft" value="1501.0" valueMax="3000.0" valueMin="2.0">
@ -177,20 +183,21 @@ V. de
, ,
<collectorName id="26E123FD9117020018ABFC46FF70FC4F" box="[131,238,914,938]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Champion</collectorName> <collectorName id="26E123FD9117020018ABFC46FF70FC4F" box="[131,238,914,938]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Champion</collectorName>
; ;
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE9117020018DEFC47FED8FC4F" box="[246,326,915,938]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">BMNH</collectionCode> <collectionCode id="ED05DEEE9117020018DEFC47FED8FC4F" box="[246,326,915,938]" collectionName="United Kingdom, London, The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum (Natural History)]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">BMNH</collectionCode>
; ;
<specimenCode id="DBB2EE50911702001967FC46FDB8FC4F" box="[335,550,914,938]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">NHMUK015105199</specimenCode> <specimenCode id="DBB2EE50911702001967FC46FDB8FC4F" box="[335,550,914,938]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">NHMUK015105199</specimenCode>
. .
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76911702001A05FC40FD0AFC20" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Columbia" country="Colombia" elevation="458" location="Colombia" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" specimenCode="NHMUK015105197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Chiriqui" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911702001A05FC40FD0EFC49" bold="true" box="[557,656,916,940]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830"> <emphasis id="B9609A39911702001A05FC40FD0EFC49" bold="true" box="[557,656,916,940]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB911702001A05FC40FD0EFC49" box="[557,656,916,940]" name="Colombia" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Colombia</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F30306BB911702001A05FC40FD0EFC49" box="[557,656,916,940]" name="Colombia" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Colombia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis> </emphasis>
[ [Columbia] •
<collectorName id="26E123FD911702001AB2FC46FC9EFC4F" box="[666,768,914,938]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Columbia</collectorName>
]
</materialsCitation>
<specimenCount id="9D128DA29117020018BBFC79FF2AFC2D" box="[147,180,941,968]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D128DA29117020018BBFC79FF2AFC2D" box="[147,180,941,968]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, NHMUK015105197 (high-resolution images). ,
<specimenCode id="DBB2EE509117020018EAFC78FE06FC21" box="[194,408,940,964]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">NHMUK015105197</specimenCode>
(high-resolution images).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B9117020018ACFC08FC96FB07" blockId="19.[130,777,755,1250]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830"> <paragraph id="8BAB462B9117020018ACFC08FC96FB07" blockId="19.[130,777,755,1250]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">
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@ -201,7 +208,7 @@ V. de
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB9117020019ECFC08FD8DFC11" box="[452,531,988,1012]" name="Panama" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Panama</collectingCountry> <collectingCountry id="F30306BB9117020019ECFC08FD8DFC11" box="[452,531,988,1012]" name="Panama" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Panama</collectingCountry>
</emphasis> </emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76911702001A01FC08FE38FBCC" collectingDate="2018-05-27" collectingDateMax="2018-05-31" collectingDateMin="2018-05-27" collectionCode="STRI" collectorName="J. A. Ramirez &amp; A. Santos" elevation="865" location="Altos de Campana" municipality="Chorrera" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" specimenCode="BCI167423" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1"> <materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76911702001A01FC08FE38FBCC" collectingDate="2018-05-27" collectingDateMax="2018-05-31" collectingDateMin="2018-05-27" collectingMethod="light trap" collectionCode="STRI" collectorName="J. A. Ramirez &amp; A. Santos" elevation="865" location="Altos de Campana" municipality="Chorrera" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" specimenCode="BCI167423" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="9D128DA2911702001A01FC08FDD3FC1D" box="[553,589,988,1016]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount> <specimenCount id="9D128DA2911702001A01FC08FDD3FC1D" box="[553,589,988,1016]" count="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
; ;
<collectingMunicipality id="6BCFDC51911702001A71FC08FD2BFC11" box="[601,693,988,1012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Chorrera</collectingMunicipality> <collectingMunicipality id="6BCFDC51911702001A71FC08FD2BFC11" box="[601,693,988,1012]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">Chorrera</collectingMunicipality>
@ -222,12 +229,12 @@ V. de
; ;
<collectingMethod id="52553E3C9117020018ABFBC5FF7FFBCC" box="[131,225,1041,1065]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">light trap</collectingMethod> <collectingMethod id="52553E3C9117020018ABFBC5FF7FFBCC" box="[131,225,1041,1065]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">light trap</collectingMethod>
; ;
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE9117020018C5FBC5FEB8FBCC" box="[237,294,1041,1065]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">STRI</collectionCode> <collectionCode id="ED05DEEE9117020018C5FBC5FEB8FBCC" box="[237,294,1041,1065]" collectionName="Panama, Balboa, (via USA, Florida, Miami), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">STRI</collectionCode>
; ;
<specimenCode id="DBB2EE50911702001919FBC5FE38FBCC" box="[305,422,1041,1065]" collectionCode="STRI" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">BCI167423</specimenCode> <specimenCode id="DBB2EE50911702001919FBC5FE38FBCC" box="[305,422,1041,1065]" collectionCode="STRI" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">BCI167423</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation> </materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C769117020019E8FBC5FDF5FBA6" collectingDate="2018-05-27" collectingDateMax="2018-05-31" collectingDateMin="2018-05-27" collectionCode="STRI" collectorName="Ramirez &amp; Santos" elevation="865" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" specimenCode="RED00266" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1"> <materialsCitation id="3B7C4C769117020019E8FBC5FDF5FBA6" collectingDate="2018-05-27" collectingDateMax="2018-05-31" collectingDateMin="2018-05-27" collectionCode="STRI" collectorName="J. A. Ramirez &amp; A. Santos" elevation="865" pageId="19" pageNumber="830" specimenCode="RED00266" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
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; ;
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@ -319,7 +329,7 @@ env.;
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igt.; igt.;
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. .
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@ -367,7 +377,7 @@ A-D); process of scutellum conspicuously concave posteriorly and deeply emargina
</paragraph> </paragraph>
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Macropterous. Measurements in Macropterous. Measurements in
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. .
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B9117020018ACF906FEF4F80E" blockId="19.[130,777,1746,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830"> <paragraph id="8BAB462B9117020018ACF906FEF4F80E" blockId="19.[130,777,1746,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="830">

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@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
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(
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE911C020B1BCEFAE7FBB7FAA8" box="[998,1065,1331,1357]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1961,1979]" captionTargetBox="[137,1445,216,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[132,1455,215,1838]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 4. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 species, habitus: AD, S. rubripes Champion,1898: A, B, male holotype BMNH; dorsal (A); lateral (B); C, D, female; dorsal (C); lateral (D); EF, S. subinermis Hussey, 1953, male holotype, UMMZ, dorsal (E); lateral (F); GJ, S. tibialis Stål, 1862: male, dorsal (G); male, lateral (H); female, dorsal (I); female (J), lateral; K, L, S. tupackatari, n. sp. male, dorsal: male, lateral (L). Scale bars: 2 mm. Credits: A, B, CC-BY-4.0 license." pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Figs 4</figureCitation>
G-H; 5J, Q; 6G; 8)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911C020B1B16FAA4FA00FA67" blockId="24.[830,1438,1392,1410]" box="[830,1438,1392,1410]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">
<uri id="FF854A29911C020B1B16FAA4FA00FA67" box="[830,1438,1392,1410]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E15A0911C020B1B05FA60FBF1F9E5" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911C020B1B05FA60FBF1F9E5" blockId="24.[813,1455,1459,1536]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">
<materialsCitation id="3B7C4C76911C020B1B05FA60FBF1F9E5" collectingDate="2002-11-07" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="Bleuzen" country="Bolivia" elevation="1000" location="Piste Camote-Apollo" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F7911C020B1B05FA60FCC3FA2C" baselines="1477,1477" box="[813,861,1460,1483]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">TYPE</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F7911C020B1B4AFA6DFC5EFA2F" baselines="1478" box="[866,960,1465,1482]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="material" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
. —
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B1BC1FA67FBD6FA2E" bold="true" box="[1001,1096,1459,1483]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">
<typeStatus id="54AFF889911C020B1BC1FA67FBD6FA2E" box="[1001,1096,1459,1483]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B1C7BFA61FB6AFA28" bold="true" box="[1107,1268,1461,1485]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB911C020B1C7BFA61FB07FA28" box="[1107,1177,1461,1485]" name="Bolivia" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
[Bolivie]
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D128DA2911C020B1D2FFA6CFA85FA2A" box="[1287,1307,1464,1487]" count="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" type="male"></specimenCount>
;
<location id="8ECB10F0911C020B1D0EFA67FCEFFA03" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDF73D911C020A1BC5FAC7FA31F928:8ECB10F0911C020B1D0EFA67FCEFFA03" country="Bolivia" name="Piste Camote-Apollo" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Piste Camote-Apollo</location>
;
<quantity id="4CECEBCE911C020B1B50FA1AFC5BFA00" box="[888,965,1486,1510]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" unit="m" value="1000.0">
<elevation id="0039A118911C020B1B50FA1AFC5BFA00" box="[888,965,1486,1510]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="FFAA60EB911C020B1BE6FA1AFBABFA03" box="[974,1077,1486,1510]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" value="2002-11-07">
<collectingDate id="EFEE9903911C020B1BE6FA1AFBABFA03" box="[974,1077,1486,1510]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" value="2002-11-07">7.XI.2002</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="26E123FD911C020B1C15FA1AFB17FA03" box="[1085,1161,1486,1510]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Bleuzen</collectorName>
réc. /
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911C020B1CEAFA1AFB96F9E5" authority="Castro-Huertas &amp; Melo 2024" authorityName="Castro-Huertas &amp; Melo" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tupackatari">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911C020B1CEAFA1AFAFDFA03" box="[1218,1379,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Saica tupackatari</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA911C020B1D4FFA1AFB96F9E5" author="CASTRO-HUERTAS V. &amp; MELO M. C." pageId="24" pageNumber="835" pagination="57 - 68" refId="ref22308" refString="CASTRO-HUERTAS V. &amp; MELO M. C. 2024. - Two New Species of Tagalis Stal (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae: Saicini) from Panama and Brazil, with an Analysis of the Male Genitalia Morphology. Journal of the International Heteropterists' Society 1 (1): 57 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / jihs. 1.1.3" type="journal article" year="2024">Castro-Huertas &amp; Melo 2024</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<collectionCode id="ED05DEEE911C020B1C3CFA3DFBF4F9E5" box="[1044,1130,1513,1536]" collectionName="France, Paris, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">MNHN</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E15A0911C020B1B05F9FDFB40F94F" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911C020B1B05F9FDFB40F94F" blockId="24.[812,1458,1576,1706]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F7911C020B1B05F9FDFC38F9DA" baselines="1594,1595" box="[813,934,1577,1600]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Etymology" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">ETYMOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
. — This new species is named after the Aymara leader “Tupác Katari” (Julián Apaza Nina) of the resistance indigenous movement against the
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB911C020B1C3EF989FBD0F990" box="[1046,1102,1629,1653]" name="Spain" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Spain</collectingCountry>
colony in
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB911C020B1C95F989FA9DF990" box="[1213,1283,1629,1653]" name="Bolivia" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB911C020B1D11F98AFAF4F990" box="[1337,1386,1630,1653]" name="Peru" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Peru</collectingCountry>
. Tupác means “shiny” in Quechua, and Katari means “snake” in Aimara. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E15A0911C020B1B05F907FBE1F90E" box="[813,1151,1746,1771]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911C020B1B05F907FBE1F90E" blockId="24.[813,1151,1746,1771]" box="[813,1151,1746,1771]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F7911C020B1B05F907FC24F90C" baselines="1764,1765" box="[813,954,1747,1770]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
. —
<collectingCountry id="F30306BB911C020B1BCEF906FBB4F90F" box="[998,1066,1746,1770]" name="Bolivia" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE911C020B1C10F906FBECF90E" box="[1080,1138,1746,1771]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[813,824,1096,1114]" captionTargetBox="[132,1453,215,1039]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 8. — Distributional map of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species. Saica meridionalis Fracker &amp; Bruner, 1924, S. ochracea Distant, 1902, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803), S. rubripes Champion, 1898, S. subinermis Hussey, 1953, S. tibialis Stål, 1862, and S. tupackatari n. sp. Empty circles, distributional information from examined material, circles with a dot, distributional information from the literature." pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E15A0911C020B1B05F8C7FB82F801" pageId="24" pageNumber="835" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911C020B1B05F8C7FB82F801" blockId="24.[811,1456,1811,2020]" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F7911C020B1B05F8C7FC09F8CC" baselines="1828,1829" box="[813,919,1811,1834]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Diagnosis" pageId="24" pageNumber="835">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
. — Coloration mostly brown (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE911C020B1CEAF8C7FB64F8CE" box="[1218,1274,1811,1835]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1961,1979]" captionTargetBox="[137,1445,216,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[132,1455,215,1838]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 4. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 species, habitus: AD, S. rubripes Champion,1898: A, B, male holotype BMNH; dorsal (A); lateral (B); C, D, female; dorsal (C); lateral (D); EF, S. subinermis Hussey, 1953, male holotype, UMMZ, dorsal (E); lateral (F); GJ, S. tibialis Stål, 1862: male, dorsal (G); male, lateral (H); female, dorsal (I); female (J), lateral; K, L, S. tupackatari, n. sp. male, dorsal: male, lateral (L). Scale bars: 2 mm. Credits: A, B, CC-BY-4.0 license." pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
G-H), apex of thoracic spines whitish, forewing yellowish with pterostigma red, legs mostly reddish with apical 3/4 of tibiae and tarsi yellowish (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE911C020B1D7DF89CFA3DF885" box="[1365,1443,1864,1888]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1961,1979]" captionTargetBox="[137,1445,216,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[132,1455,215,1838]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 4. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 species, habitus: AD, S. rubripes Champion,1898: A, B, male holotype BMNH; dorsal (A); lateral (B); C, D, female; dorsal (C); lateral (D); EF, S. subinermis Hussey, 1953, male holotype, UMMZ, dorsal (E); lateral (F); GJ, S. tibialis Stål, 1862: male, dorsal (G); male, lateral (H); female, dorsal (I); female (J), lateral; K, L, S. tupackatari, n. sp. male, dorsal: male, lateral (L). Scale bars: 2 mm. Credits: A, B, CC-BY-4.0 license." pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
); posteromedial process of pygophore widely concave medially, ramus short and slightly projected laterally (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE911C020B1C8AF8A9FB78F871" box="[1186,1254,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[133,144,1915,1933]" captionTargetBox="[149,1420,214,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[146,1439,214,1874]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 5. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843,male genitalia,pygophore:caudal view (AJ): A, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915;B, S. carayoni Villiers,1943;C, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; D, S. lativentris Villiers, 1943; E, S. ochracea Distant, 1902; F, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); G, S. rubripes Champion, 1898;H, S. subinermis Hussey,1953; I, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; J, S. tupackatari n. sp.; lateral view (KQ): K, S. apicalis; L, S. erubescens; M, S. lativentris; N, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); O, S. rubripes Champion,1898; P, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; Q, S. tupackatari n. sp. Abbreviations: ao, anterior opening of pygophore; br, transverse bridge of pygophore; go, genital opening; mpp, medial process of pygophore; pa, paramere; pmr, posterior margin of ramus; ps, paramere socket. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Fig. 5J</figureCitation>
) and nearly vertical in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE911C020B1BEFF843FB89F84A" box="[967,1047,1943,1967]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[133,144,1915,1933]" captionTargetBox="[149,1420,214,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[146,1439,214,1874]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 5. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843,male genitalia,pygophore:caudal view (AJ): A, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915;B, S. carayoni Villiers,1943;C, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; D, S. lativentris Villiers, 1943; E, S. ochracea Distant, 1902; F, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); G, S. rubripes Champion, 1898;H, S. subinermis Hussey,1953; I, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; J, S. tupackatari n. sp.; lateral view (KQ): K, S. apicalis; L, S. erubescens; M, S. lativentris; N, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); O, S. rubripes Champion,1898; P, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; Q, S. tupackatari n. sp. Abbreviations: ao, anterior opening of pygophore; br, transverse bridge of pygophore; go, genital opening; mpp, medial process of pygophore; pa, paramere; pmr, posterior margin of ramus; ps, paramere socket. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Fig. 5Q</figureCitation>
); lateral margins of the dorsal phallotecal sclerite conspicuously produced laterally, lateral projections longer than dps apex (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE911C020B1BE9F818FB8EF801" box="[961,1040,1996,2020]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1914,1932]" captionTargetBox="[147,1455,226,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@22.[132,1455,215,1832]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 6. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843, male and female genitalia, phallus, dorsal view (AG): A, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915; B, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; C, S. lativentris Villiers,1943; D, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); E, S. rubripes Champion, 1898; F, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; G, S. tupackatari n. sp.; bursa copulatrix ventral view (HM); H, S. apicalis; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; J, S. meridionalis Fracker &amp; Bruner, 1924; K, S. recurvata; L, S. rubripes Champion, 1898; M, S. tibialis Stål, 1862. Abbreviations: apt, arms of articulatory apparatus; bc, bursa copulatrix; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallotecal sclerite; ese, elongate sclerites of endosome; gap8, gonapophysis 8; gcx8, gonocoxa 8; gpl, gonoplac." pageId="24" pageNumber="835">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E15A0911D020A18ACFF0CFE49FB0B" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911D020A18ACFF0CFE8BFF15" blockId="25.[132,574,216,306]" box="[132,277,216,242]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F7911D020A18ACFF0CFE8BFF15" baselines="235,235" box="[132,277,216,242]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911D020A18ACFF23FF27FEF4" blockId="25.[132,574,216,306]" box="[132,185,247,273]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A18ACFF23FF27FEF4" box="[132,185,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911D020A18ACFECCFDA0FED4" blockId="25.[132,574,216,306]" box="[132,574,279,306]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">
Macropterous. Measurements in
<tableCitation id="C6967390911D020A19C0FEC3FDA4FED4" box="[488,570,279,305]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="10.[132,143,219,237]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="TABLE 2. — Measurements of Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species. All measurements are in mm. Abbreviations: Wid., width; Len., length; scap., scapus; ped., pedicel; basif., basiflagellomere;distif., distiflagellomere; lb1, labial visible segment 1; lb2, labial visible segment 2; lb3, labial visible segment 3; cx, coxa; fem., femur; tib, tibia; T. Len fw., total length to forewing; T. Len. abd., total length to abdomen." pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911D020A18ACFE82FEC3FD95" blockId="25.[132,778,342,624]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A18ACFE82FE10FE95" bold="true" box="[132,398,342,370]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">
Coloration (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE911D020A1926FE8CFECEFE95" box="[270,336,342,370]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1961,1979]" captionTargetBox="[137,1445,216,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[132,1455,215,1838]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 4. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 species, habitus: AD, S. rubripes Champion,1898: A, B, male holotype BMNH; dorsal (A); lateral (B); C, D, female; dorsal (C); lateral (D); EF, S. subinermis Hussey, 1953, male holotype, UMMZ, dorsal (E); lateral (F); GJ, S. tibialis Stål, 1862: male, dorsal (G); male, lateral (H); female, dorsal (I); female (J), lateral; K, L, S. tupackatari, n. sp. male, dorsal: male, lateral (L). Scale bars: 2 mm. Credits: A, B, CC-BY-4.0 license." pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
G-H)
</emphasis>
. Head: Brown. Scape dark brown (rest of antennal segments missing). First and second labial segments brown, third labial segment yellowish. Thorax: Dark brown, apex of meso- and metanotal spines yellowish. Procoxal cavity, procoxa and protrochanter brown, profemur reddish, protibia yellowish with basal portion reddish, protarsus yellowish; meso- and metalegs similar to proleg. Forewing yellowish, base of veins and pterostigma reddish. Abdomen: Reddish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911D020A18ACFD41FE49FB0B" blockId="25.[130,777,661,1262]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A18ACFD41FF68FD4A" bold="true" box="[132,246,661,687]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Structure.</emphasis>
Thorax (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE911D020A1976FD42FE25FD55" box="[350,443,662,688]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[132,143,1961,1979]" captionTargetBox="[137,1445,216,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-14@20.[132,1455,215,1838]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 4. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843 species, habitus: AD, S. rubripes Champion,1898: A, B, male holotype BMNH; dorsal (A); lateral (B); C, D, female; dorsal (C); lateral (D); EF, S. subinermis Hussey, 1953, male holotype, UMMZ, dorsal (E); lateral (F); GJ, S. tibialis Stål, 1862: male, dorsal (G); male, lateral (H); female, dorsal (I); female (J), lateral; K, L, S. tupackatari, n. sp. male, dorsal: male, lateral (L). Scale bars: 2 mm. Credits: A, B, CC-BY-4.0 license." pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
): Humeral angle spines long, three times longer than their base. Mesonotal spine straight, three times longer than its base. Protuberance of scutellum with apex slightly concave, conspicuously concave posteriorly, lateral margins slightly expanded in caudal view. Metanotal spine sinuous, nearly 0.2 times the length of mesonotal spine. Forewing with two closed cells, apex of outer discal cell extending as far as apex of pterostigma. Abdomen: Abdominal tergite 2 not conspicuously narrower than posterior segments. Genitalia: Anterior region of genital opening (go) of pygophore narrow in dorsal view, posterior margin of pygophore flat. Posteromedial process of pygophore (mpp) not elevated basally and widely concaved medially. Ramus angulated and projected vertically, nearly three times longer than their base, apical region narrow with an acute and projected apical process (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE911D020A1892FBA0FE9AFB6A" box="[186,260,1140,1167]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[133,144,1915,1933]" captionTargetBox="[149,1420,214,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[146,1439,214,1874]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 5. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843,male genitalia,pygophore:caudal view (AJ): A, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915;B, S. carayoni Villiers,1943;C, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; D, S. lativentris Villiers, 1943; E, S. ochracea Distant, 1902; F, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); G, S. rubripes Champion, 1898;H, S. subinermis Hussey,1953; I, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; J, S. tupackatari n. sp.; lateral view (KQ): K, S. apicalis; L, S. erubescens; M, S. lativentris; N, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); O, S. rubripes Champion,1898; P, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; Q, S. tupackatari n. sp. Abbreviations: ao, anterior opening of pygophore; br, transverse bridge of pygophore; go, genital opening; mpp, medial process of pygophore; pa, paramere; pmr, posterior margin of ramus; ps, paramere socket. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Fig. 5J</figureCitation>
), nearly vertical in lateral view (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE911D020A1A7DFBA0FD32FB6A" box="[597,684,1140,1167]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[133,144,1915,1933]" captionTargetBox="[149,1420,214,1862]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[146,1439,214,1874]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 5. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville,1843,male genitalia,pygophore:caudal view (AJ): A, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake,1915;B, S. carayoni Villiers,1943;C, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; D, S. lativentris Villiers, 1943; E, S. ochracea Distant, 1902; F, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); G, S. rubripes Champion, 1898;H, S. subinermis Hussey,1953; I, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; J, S. tupackatari n. sp.; lateral view (KQ): K, S. apicalis; L, S. erubescens; M, S. lativentris; N, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); O, S. rubripes Champion,1898; P, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; Q, S. tupackatari n. sp. Abbreviations: ao, anterior opening of pygophore; br, transverse bridge of pygophore; go, genital opening; mpp, medial process of pygophore; pa, paramere; pmr, posterior margin of ramus; ps, paramere socket. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Fig. 5Q</figureCitation>
). Dorsal phallothecal sclerite (dps) nearly triangular, apex truncated, subapical lateral margin laterally projected, lateral projection longer than dps apex (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE911D020A195BFB00FE54FB0B" box="[371,458,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[132,143,1914,1932]" captionTargetBox="[147,1455,226,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-14@22.[132,1455,215,1832]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 6. — Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843, male and female genitalia, phallus, dorsal view (AG): A, S. apicalis Osborn &amp; Drake, 1915; B, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; C, S. lativentris Villiers,1943; D, S. recurvata (Fabricius, 1803); E, S. rubripes Champion, 1898; F, S. tibialis Stål, 1862; G, S. tupackatari n. sp.; bursa copulatrix ventral view (HM); H, S. apicalis; I, S. erubescens Champion, 1898; J, S. meridionalis Fracker &amp; Bruner, 1924; K, S. recurvata; L, S. rubripes Champion, 1898; M, S. tibialis Stål, 1862. Abbreviations: apt, arms of articulatory apparatus; bc, bursa copulatrix; bpb, basal plate bridge; dps, dorsal phallotecal sclerite; ese, elongate sclerites of endosome; gap8, gonapophysis 8; gcx8, gonocoxa 8; gpl, gonoplac." pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E15A0911D020A18ACFAC0FE11F9C9" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911D020A18ACFAC0FF76FAC9" blockId="25.[132,777,1300,1580]" box="[132,232,1300,1326]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F7911D020A18ACFAC0FF76FAC9" baselines="1319,1319" box="[132,232,1300,1326]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911D020A18ACFAE0FE11F9C9" blockId="25.[132,777,1300,1580]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A18ACFAE0FEA0FAA8" authorityName="María &amp; Melo" authorityYear="2024" box="[132,318,1331,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tupackatari" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A18ACFAE0FEA0FAA8" box="[132,318,1331,1358]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Saica tupackatari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2532742911D020A196EFAE0FE1DFAAB" box="[326,387,1332,1358]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is the darkest species of the genus. Considering this, it looks similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1A30FA80FD10FA88" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1902" box="[536,654,1363,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochracea">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1A30FA80FD10FA88" box="[536,654,1363,1390]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. ochracea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1AE2FA80FF76FA68" authorityName="María &amp; Melo" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tupackatari" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1AE2FA80FF76FA68" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. tupackatari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2532742911D020A18D9FAA0FEAEFA6B" box="[241,304,1396,1422]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished by the entirely dark brown thorax, and the uniformly reddish legs except the yellowish tibiae and tarsus, the acute ramus, and the conspicuously laterally projected dorsal phallotecal sclerite, a unique condition in the genus. The species is only known from the male
<typeStatus id="54AFF889911D020A190FF9C6FE15F9C9" box="[295,395,1554,1580]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E15A0911D020A18ACF986FA31F928" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911D020A18ACF986FEC5F98E" blockId="25.[130,775,1618,2028]" box="[132,347,1618,1644]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F7911D020A18ACF986FF68F98E" baselines="1637,1638" box="[132,246,1618,1644]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Cladistic" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">CLADISTIC</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DD0F7911D020A18D5F98CFEC5F98E" baselines="1638" box="[253,347,1624,1643]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="lower" normString="analysis" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">ANALYSIS</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911D020A18ACF9A6FC38FEF4" blockId="25.[130,775,1618,2028]" lastBlockId="25.[810,1458,215,1741]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">
The IW analyses resulted in two different topologies, corresponding to two ranges of
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A19B1F946FE38F949" box="[409,422,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">k</emphasis>
-values. The topologies are almost identical and recovered
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A19A9F966FE27F929" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[385,441,1714,1740]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A19A9F966FE27F929" box="[385,441,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Saica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as monophyletic and the clade
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A18ACF906FF63F909" authorityName="Blinn" authorityYear="1990" box="[132,253,1746,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Pseudosaica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A18ACF906FF63F909" box="[132,253,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Pseudosaica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1930F906FEE6F909" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1840" box="[280,376,1746,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Polytoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1930F906FEE6F909" box="[280,376,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Polytoxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as its sister group. A clade composed by
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A188BF926FF63F8E9" authorityName="Blinn" authorityYear="1994" box="[163,253,1778,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elkinsi">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A188BF926FF63F8E9" box="[163,253,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. elkinsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1921F926FE17F8E9" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1898" box="[265,393,1778,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erubescens">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1921F926FE17F8E9" box="[265,393,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. erubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A19BDF926FE6AF8E9" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" box="[405,500,1778,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A19BDF926FE6AF8E9" box="[405,500,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1A05F926FD32F8E9" authorityName="Villiers" authorityYear="1943" box="[557,684,1778,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lativentris">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1A05F926FD32F8E9" box="[557,684,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. lativentris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recovered in all topologies but in the analyses with
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1A4BF8C6FDEEF8C9" box="[611,624,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">k</emphasis>
-values from 8 to 10,
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A18E2F8E6FEB6F8AE" authorityName="Blinn" authorityYear="1994" box="[202,296,1841,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elkinsi">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A18E2F8E6FEB6F8AE" box="[202,296,1841,1868]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. elkinsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recovered as sister species of
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1A52F8E6FD60F8AE" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1898" box="[634,766,1841,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erubescens">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1A52F8E6FD60F8AE" box="[634,766,1841,1868]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. erubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with one additional tree with a different relative position of
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A18ACF8A5FEC6F86E" authorityName="Ishikawa" authorityYear="1998" box="[132,344,1905,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Polytoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armillatus">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A18ACF8A5FEC6F86E" box="[132,344,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Polytoxus armillatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A19BBF8A6FE79F86E" authorityName="Ishikawa &amp; Yano" authorityYear="1999" box="[403,487,1905,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Polytoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esakii">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A19BBF8A6FE79F86E" box="[403,487,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">P. esakii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1A13F8A5FDD6F86E" box="[571,584,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">k</emphasis>
-values 9 and 10. In
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A188CF845FF2FF84E" box="[164,177,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">k</emphasis>
-values 11 and 12,
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A19A9F846FE41F84E" authorityName="Blinn" authorityYear="1994" box="[385,479,1937,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elkinsi">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A19A9F846FE41F84E" box="[385,479,1937,1964]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. elkinsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recovered as sister group of the clade (
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1938F865FE0DF82E" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1898" box="[272,403,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erubescens">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1938F865FE0DF82E" box="[272,403,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. erubescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ (
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A199FF865FD87F82E" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" box="[439,537,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A199FF865FD87F82E" box="[439,537,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1A1CF865FD28F82E" authorityName="Villiers" authorityYear="1943" box="[564,694,1969,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lativentris">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1A1CF865FD28F82E" box="[564,694,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. lativentris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)), with one additional tree with a different relative position of the same
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1B44FF03FB81FF14" box="[876,1055,215,241]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1B44FF03FC52FF14" box="[876,972,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Polytoxus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
that in the anterior analyses, in the
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1B06FF23FCA5FEF4" box="[814,827,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">k</emphasis>
-value 11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911D020A1B6BFEC3FB8AFBEA" blockId="25.[810,1458,215,1741]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">
The most parsimonious tree obtained from the analysis with
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1B4FFEE3FCEAFEB4" box="[871,884,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">k</emphasis>
-value=12 has a total fit of 7.44502 (CI = 50, RI = 72), recovering
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1BFBFE83FB94FE94" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[979,1034,343,369]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1BFBFE83FB94FE94" box="[979,1034,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Saica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as monophyletic (
<figureCitation id="132F5AAE911D020A1CE3FE83FA97FE94" box="[1227,1289,343,369]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[132,143,1710,1728]" captionTargetBox="[166,1441,290,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-133@26.[637,1015,948,1043]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 9. — Phylogenetic hypothesis for Saica Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 species. The most parsimonious tree found with implied weighting using k = 12. On the tree, non-homoplasious changes are represented as full squares, and homoplasious changes as empty squares. Support values are shown between parentheses as GC frequencies." pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) and supported by one synapomorphy: the bifid posteromedial process of pygophore (#64-1), and three homoplastic characters: the thin simple setae on the gular region (#6-1), the near straight parameres (#73-1), and the projected lateral margin of the dorsal phallotecal sclerite (#83-1).
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1D36FE22FA07FDF5" authorityName="Blinn" authorityYear="1990" box="[1310,1433,502,528]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Pseudosaica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1D36FE22FA07FDF5" box="[1310,1433,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Pseudosaica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1B05FDC2FC11FDD5" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1840" box="[813,911,534,560]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Polytoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1B05FDC2FC11FDD5" box="[813,911,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Polytoxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade is recovered as the sister group of
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1D17FDC2FAE6FDD5" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[1343,1400,534,560]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1D17FDC2FAE6FDD5" box="[1343,1400,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Saica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and it is supported by nine synapomorphies: the simple setae on the ventral margin of the second visible labial segment arranged in a tuft (#10-1), the ventral surface of the procoxa with stout simple setae (#17-1) arranged in several tufts of setae (#18-1), the posterior margin of scutellum with a protuberance (35-1), the r-m crossvein of the forewing present (45-1), the procoxa nearly one time the length of the protrochanter (49-1), the protibia curved (50-1), the basal plate arms longer than the dorsal process of the basal plate (#76-1), and the basal plate extension as long as or longer than the basal plate (#79-1). Our results are congruent with the hypotheses of
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA911D020A1BD3FC41FAFDFC4A" author="CASTRO-HUERTAS V. &amp; MELO M. C." box="[1019,1379,917,943]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" refId="ref22257" refString="CASTRO-HUERTAS V. &amp; MELO M. C. 2023. - Outside the pattern: Evolution of the genital asymmetry in Saicinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae). Journal of Morphology 284: e 21610. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 21610" type="journal volume" year="2023">Castro-Huertas &amp; Melo (2023)</bibRefCitation>
about the monophyly of
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1C2EFC61FBA1FC2A" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[1030,1087,949,975]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1C2EFC61FBA1FC2A" box="[1030,1087,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Saica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the sister-group hypothesis is not congruent because they recovered only
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1D1AFC00FA0AFC0B" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1840" box="[1330,1428,980,1006]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Polytoxus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1D1AFC00FA0AFC0B" box="[1330,1428,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Polytoxus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as sister-group of
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1BFCFC21FB93FBEA" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityYear="1843" box="[980,1037,1013,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1BFCFC21FB93FBEA" box="[980,1037,1013,1039]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Saica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911D020A1B6BFBC0FB5CFA08" blockId="25.[810,1458,215,1741]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">
Our analyses recovered the clade
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1C82FBC1FA83FBCB" authorityName="Distant" authorityYear="1902" box="[1194,1309,1044,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochracea">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1C82FBC1FA83FBCB" box="[1194,1309,1044,1071]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. ochracea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1D11FBC1FCCDFBAB" authorityName="María &amp; Melo" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tupackatari" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1D11FBC1FCCDFBAB" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. tupackatari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2532742911D020A1B71FBE1FC0AFBAA" box="[857,916,1077,1103]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
as the sister-group of remaining
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1CDEFBE1FA1EFBAB" box="[1270,1408,1076,1103]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1CDEFBE1FAB3FBAA" box="[1270,1325,1077,1103]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">Saica</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, but with low support. The internal relationships have a low support except for the clades G and H (Fig 74). The clade G is composed by (
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1BE4FB40FBC8FB4B" authorityName="MOTS CLES Hussey" authorityYear="1953" box="[972,1110,1172,1198]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subinermis">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1BE4FB40FBC8FB4B" box="[972,1110,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. subinermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ (
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1C54FB40FB7BFB4B" authorityName="Osborn &amp; Drake" authorityYear="1915" box="[1148,1253,1172,1198]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1C54FB40FB7BFB4B" box="[1148,1253,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. apicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1D29FB40FA03FB4B" authorityName="Fracker &amp; Bruner" authorityYear="1924" box="[1281,1437,1172,1198]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1D29FB40FA03FB4B" box="[1281,1437,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)) and it is supported by one synapomorphy: the posteromedial spine of mesonotum only twice as long as the base of the spine (#34-0). The clade (
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1BD7FB20FB04FAE8" authorityName="Fracker &amp; Bruner" authorityYear="1924" box="[1023,1178,1267,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1BD7FB20FB04FAE8" box="[1023,1178,1267,1294]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1C9CFB20FA85FAE8" authorityName="Osborn &amp; Drake" authorityYear="1915" box="[1204,1307,1267,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1C9CFB20FA85FAE8" box="[1204,1307,1267,1294]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. apicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is supported by two synapomorphies: the forewing with three closed cells (#44-1) and the M and CU veins basally fused (#47-1). The clade (
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1B50FA80FB85FA88" authorityName="Fracker &amp; Bruner" authorityYear="1924" box="[888,1051,1363,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1B50FA80FB85FA88" box="[888,1051,1363,1390]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. meridionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1C14FA80FB34FA88" authorityName="Osborn &amp; Drake" authorityYear="1915" box="[1084,1194,1363,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1C14FA80FB34FA88" box="[1084,1194,1363,1390]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. apicalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) was also recovered by
<bibRefCitation id="EF853BDA911D020A1B07FAA7FB15FA68" author="CASTRO-HUERTAS V. &amp; MELO M. C." box="[815,1163,1395,1421]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" refId="ref22257" refString="CASTRO-HUERTAS V. &amp; MELO M. C. 2023. - Outside the pattern: Evolution of the genital asymmetry in Saicinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae). Journal of Morphology 284: e 21610. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 21610" type="journal volume" year="2023">Castro-Huertas &amp; Melo (2023)</bibRefCitation>
and was supported by the presence of three closed cells in the forewing (character 84-1) and the posterior process of the scutellum with the anterior margin emarginated (character 79-1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB462B911D020A1B6BFA27FA31F928" blockId="25.[810,1458,215,1741]" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">
The clade H is composed by (
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1C5EFA27FB4EF9E8" authorityName="Blinn" authorityYear="1994" box="[1142,1232,1523,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elkinsi">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1C5EFA27FB4EF9E8" box="[1142,1232,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. elkinsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1CF6FA27FAF2F9E8" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1898" box="[1246,1388,1523,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erubenscens">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1CF6FA27FAF2F9E8" box="[1246,1388,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. erubenscens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1D52FA27FC1FF9C9" authorityName="Villiers" authorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lativentris">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1D52FA27FC1FF9C9" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. lativentris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1BB6F9C7FB9EF9C9" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" box="[926,1024,1554,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1BB6F9C7FB9EF9C9" box="[926,1024,1554,1581]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
))) and it is supported by a two synapomorphies from the posteromedial process of the pygophore: the elevated base (#67-1) and the angulated medial margin (#68-1). The clade
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1BD5F9A7FB1EF969" authorityName="Villiers" authorityYear="1943" box="[1021,1152,1650,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lativentris">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1BD5F9A7FB1EF969" box="[1021,1152,1650,1677]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. lativentris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="4C143DA8911D020A1CB6F9A7FA9FF969" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1862" box="[1182,1281,1650,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Saica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="836" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B9609A39911D020A1CB6F9A7FA9FF969" box="[1182,1281,1650,1677]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="836">S. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is supported by one synapomorphy: the bifid posteromedial process of pygophore in lateral view located nearly at 45° to the base (#65-0).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -1,56 +1,56 @@
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@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
<subSubSection id="E6CF129C7935FFFCA7FCFDC59DCBFDF0" box="[414,493,566,593]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" type="description"> <subSubSection id="E6CF129C7935FFFCA7FCFDC59DCBFDF0" box="[414,493,566,593]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" type="description">
<paragraph id="AE6A41177935FFFCA7FCFDC59DCBFDF0" blockId="9.[257,650,503,593]" box="[414,493,566,593]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224"> <paragraph id="AE6A41177935FFFCA7FCFDC59DCBFDF0" blockId="9.[257,650,503,593]" box="[414,493,566,593]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
( (
<figureCitation id="36EE5D927935FFFCA7C5FDC49DC2FDF0" box="[423,484,566,593]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1337,1354]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,213,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-416@12.[698,1267,212,754]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. — Petraster crozonensis Blake, Guensburg &amp; Lefebvre, 2016; upper part of Postolonnec Formation (Morgat Member), Middle Ordovician (late Darriwilian); Morgat harbor, Crozon Peninsula (Finistère), France; latex casts: A1-A7, holotype LPB 15174: A1-A3, aboral view of remnant, distal intervals of two arms show carinal and marginal series; weakly differentiated series might represent adradialia; A4-A7, oral views, incomplete arm tips not shown, disk disrupted but mouth frame not significantly dilated; MAO, axillaries triangular, no actinals are in evidence in disrupted disk; arms differentially dilated to expose axial, adaxial, and inferomarginal series; B1-B4, paratype LPB 15175; specimen twisted and partially inverted, the proximal aboral surface obscured but the more medial ossicles appear irregular in form and aligned in irregular series; identification of superomarginals is uncertain but potentially are small and separated from inferomarginals by intermarginals (B1, arrow). The adradial surfaces of the distended axials document an elongate, overlapping shape. Scale bars: A1, A4, B3, 10 mm; A2, A3, A5-B2, B4, 5 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Fig. 4</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="36EE5D927935FFFCA7C5FDC49DC2FDF0" box="[423,484,566,593]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1337,1354]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,213,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-416@12.[698,1267,212,754]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. — Petraster crozonensis Blake, Guensburg &amp; Lefebvre, 2016; upper part of Postolonnec Formation (Morgat Member), Middle Ordovician (late Darriwilian); Morgat harbor, Crozon Peninsula (Finistère), France; latex casts: A1-A7, holotype LPB 15174: A1-A3, aboral view of remnant, distal intervals of two arms show carinal and marginal series; weakly differentiated series might represent adradialia; A4-A7, oral views, incomplete arm tips not shown, disk disrupted but mouth frame not significantly dilated; MAO, axillaries triangular, no actinals are in evidence in disrupted disk; arms differentially dilated to expose axial, adaxial, and inferomarginal series; B1-B4, paratype LPB 15175; specimen twisted and partially inverted, the proximal aboral surface obscured but the more medial ossicles appear irregular in form and aligned in irregular series; identification of superomarginals is uncertain but potentially are small and separated from inferomarginals by intermarginals (B1, arrow). The adradial surfaces of the distended axials document an elongate, overlapping shape. Scale bars: A1, A4, B3, 10 mm; A2, A3, A5-B2, B4, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14531872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14531872/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) )
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>
@ -149,8 +149,8 @@ in which arms are moderately elongate, R reaching at least
<emphasis id="9CA19D057935FFFCA6BAFB879CCEFB2F" box="[216,232,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">c.</emphasis> <emphasis id="9CA19D057935FFFCA6BAFB879CCEFB2F" box="[216,232,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">c.</emphasis>
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. Aboral series (i.e., all series aboral of inferomarginals) of arms appearing proportionately moderately robust and quite closely abutted; smaller accessories intercalated among larger not recognized. Carinals with bordering adradialia, superomarginals clearly developed, ossicles similar, ovate, thickened; inferomarginals as exposed in aboral aspect appearing enlarged relative to superomarginals; inferomarginals slightly offset from superomarginals. Disk superomarginals thought to be only weakly differentiated, recognition based on differentiation of three ossicle series, including intermarginals ( . Aboral series (i.e., all series aboral of inferomarginals) of arms appearing proportionately moderately robust and quite closely abutted; smaller accessories intercalated among larger not recognized. Carinals with bordering adradialia, superomarginals clearly developed, ossicles similar, ovate, thickened; inferomarginals as exposed in aboral aspect appearing enlarged relative to superomarginals; inferomarginals slightly offset from superomarginals. Disk superomarginals thought to be only weakly differentiated, recognition based on differentiation of three ossicle series, including intermarginals (
<figureCitation id="36EE5D927935FFFCA6B5FA419D17FA6F" box="[215,305,1459,1486]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1337,1354]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,213,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-416@12.[698,1267,212,754]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. — Petraster crozonensis Blake, Guensburg &amp; Lefebvre, 2016; upper part of Postolonnec Formation (Morgat Member), Middle Ordovician (late Darriwilian); Morgat harbor, Crozon Peninsula (Finistère), France; latex casts: A1-A7, holotype LPB 15174: A1-A3, aboral view of remnant, distal intervals of two arms show carinal and marginal series; weakly differentiated series might represent adradialia; A4-A7, oral views, incomplete arm tips not shown, disk disrupted but mouth frame not significantly dilated; MAO, axillaries triangular, no actinals are in evidence in disrupted disk; arms differentially dilated to expose axial, adaxial, and inferomarginal series; B1-B4, paratype LPB 15175; specimen twisted and partially inverted, the proximal aboral surface obscured but the more medial ossicles appear irregular in form and aligned in irregular series; identification of superomarginals is uncertain but potentially are small and separated from inferomarginals by intermarginals (B1, arrow). The adradial surfaces of the distended axials document an elongate, overlapping shape. Scale bars: A1, A4, B3, 10 mm; A2, A3, A5-B2, B4, 5 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Fig. 4B</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="36EE5D927935FFFCA6B5FA419D17FA6F" box="[215,305,1459,1486]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[132,143,1337,1354]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,213,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-416@12.[698,1267,212,754]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 4. — Petraster crozonensis Blake, Guensburg &amp; Lefebvre, 2016; upper part of Postolonnec Formation (Morgat Member), Middle Ordovician (late Darriwilian); Morgat harbor, Crozon Peninsula (Finistère), France; latex casts: A1-A7, holotype LPB 15174: A1-A3, aboral view of remnant, distal intervals of two arms show carinal and marginal series; weakly differentiated series might represent adradialia; A4-A7, oral views, incomplete arm tips not shown, disk disrupted but mouth frame not significantly dilated; MAO, axillaries triangular, no actinals are in evidence in disrupted disk; arms differentially dilated to expose axial, adaxial, and inferomarginal series; B1-B4, paratype LPB 15175; specimen twisted and partially inverted, the proximal aboral surface obscured but the more medial ossicles appear irregular in form and aligned in irregular series; identification of superomarginals is uncertain but potentially are small and separated from inferomarginals by intermarginals (B1, arrow). The adradial surfaces of the distended axials document an elongate, overlapping shape. Scale bars: A1, A4, B3, 10 mm; A2, A3, A5-B2, B4, 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14531872" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14531872/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="36EE5D927935FFFCA753FA469D1AFA6F" box="[305,316,1460,1486]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[134,144,1411,1428]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-425@6.[698,1267,746,1280]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Problematic species of Petraster Billings, 1858: A1, A2, Petraster rigidus (Billings, 1858), generic type species;Trenton Limestone, Late Ordovician (Sandbian-early Katian), 45°02637”N, 75°0269”W, Ottawa, Canada; original specimen, holotype GSC 1401; A1, specimen remnant, surfaces of disk ossicles to left appearing largely unaltered, those to right more abraded thereby obscuring original surface appearances; A2, specimen wetted, axillary of interbrachium to left is triangular, possible second axillary (lower left arrow) immediately distal of MAO pair at base of single actinal series. Ossicles to right interbrachium altered but appearance unlike those to left interbrachium, significance of diagenetic alteration uncertain; upper two arrows mark position of inferomarginal near apparent termini of actinal series. Ossicles edging adaxial at one arm margin (arrow to lower right) appearing somewhat enlarged as compared to traces at other arm margins, the nature of the skeleton aboral to inferomarginals obscure; B1-B3, Petraster? ramseyensis (Hicks, 1873); Early Ordovician (early Arenig); Ramsey Island, Wales; latex casts; B1, B2, NHM E13707 = Manchester L10038, abactinals are differentiated, carinals (B1, arrow) bordered by small rectangular adradials, two marginal series; aboral disk largely lost, madreporite? (B2, arrow) remains; B3, NHM E13703 = Manchester L10036a distended specimen in oral aspect, ambulacra variously flattened, inferomarginals, adaxials, and axials dominate; possible axillary (arrow). Scale bars: A1, A2, B2, B3, 5 mm; B1, 3 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="224">1</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="36EE5D927935FFFCA753FA469D1AFA6F" box="[305,316,1460,1486]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[134,144,1411,1428]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-425@6.[698,1267,746,1280]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Problematic species of Petraster Billings, 1858: A1, A2, Petraster rigidus (Billings, 1858), generic type species;Trenton Limestone, Late Ordovician (Sandbian-early Katian), 45°02637”N, 75°0269”W, Ottawa, Canada; original specimen, holotype GSC 1401; A1, specimen remnant, surfaces of disk ossicles to left appearing largely unaltered, those to right more abraded thereby obscuring original surface appearances; A2, specimen wetted, axillary of interbrachium to left is triangular, possible second axillary (lower left arrow) immediately distal of MAO pair at base of single actinal series. Ossicles to right interbrachium altered but appearance unlike those to left interbrachium, significance of diagenetic alteration uncertain; upper two arrows mark position of inferomarginal near apparent termini of actinal series. Ossicles edging adaxial at one arm margin (arrow to lower right) appearing somewhat enlarged as compared to traces at other arm margins, the nature of the skeleton aboral to inferomarginals obscure; B1-B3, Petraster? ramseyensis (Hicks, 1873); Early Ordovician (early Arenig); Ramsey Island, Wales; latex casts; B1, B2, NHM E13707 = Manchester L10038, abactinals are differentiated, carinals (B1, arrow) bordered by small rectangular adradials, two marginal series; aboral disk largely lost, madreporite? (B2, arrow) remains; B3, NHM E13703 = Manchester L10036a distended specimen in oral aspect, ambulacra variously flattened, inferomarginals, adaxials, and axials dominate; possible axillary (arrow). Scale bars: A1, A2, B2, B3, 5 mm; B1, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14531862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14531862/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">1</figureCitation>
). In oral aspect, inferomarginals robust, closely abutted, approximately equidimensional, ossicular sizes appearing to diminish in size abruptly on arms; form elliptical, bulbous. Axillary triangular, narrowing distally, barely reaching lateral edge of inferomarginals series. Actinal ossicles few and small if present. ). In oral aspect, inferomarginals robust, closely abutted, approximately equidimensional, ossicular sizes appearing to diminish in size abruptly on arms; form elliptical, bulbous. Axillary triangular, narrowing distally, barely reaching lateral edge of inferomarginals series. Actinal ossicles few and small if present.
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE6A41177935FFFCA6F9F9819F2EF94D" blockId="9.[130,777,1077,1773]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Axials relatively wide, adradial ridge elongate, termini overlapping; transverse ridge broadly “J”-shaped, transverse water-vascular channel well-defined. Adaxials possibly elliptical and transversely elongate; weak nose possibly developed.</paragraph> <paragraph id="AE6A41177935FFFCA6F9F9819F2EF94D" blockId="9.[130,777,1077,1773]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Axials relatively wide, adradial ridge elongate, termini overlapping; transverse ridge broadly “J”-shaped, transverse water-vascular channel well-defined. Adaxials possibly elliptical and transversely elongate; weak nose possibly developed.</paragraph>

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@ -1,56 +1,56 @@
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<treatment id="267CF0017935FFFEA5DCFF2A9ED5FE70" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14232127" ID-GBIF-Taxon="247585613" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14232127" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:267CF0017935FFFEA5DCFF2A9ED5FE70" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/267CF0017935FFFEA5DCFF2A9ED5FE70" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" scope_class="Asteroidea" scope_phylum="Echinodermata"> <treatment id="267CF0017935FFFEA5DCFF2A9ED5FE70" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14232127" ID-GBIF-Taxon="247585613" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14232127" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:267CF0017935FFFEA5DCFF2A9ED5FE70" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/267CF0017935FFFEA5DCFF2A9ED5FE70" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" scope_class="Asteroidea" scope_phylum="Echinodermata">
<subSubSection id="E6CF129C7935FFFCA5DCFF2A9938FF53" box="[958,1310,215,242]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" type="nomenclature"> <subSubSection id="E6CF129C7935FFFCA5DCFF2A9938FF53" box="[958,1310,215,242]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" type="nomenclature">
@ -68,9 +68,9 @@
<subSubSection id="E6CF129C7935FFFCA255FF0A9883FEB3" box="[1079,1189,247,274]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" type="description"> <subSubSection id="E6CF129C7935FFFCA255FF0A9883FEB3" box="[1079,1189,247,274]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224" type="description">
<paragraph id="AE6A41177935FFFCA255FF0A9883FEB3" blockId="9.[958,1310,215,274]" box="[1079,1189,247,274]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224"> <paragraph id="AE6A41177935FFFCA255FF0A9883FEB3" blockId="9.[958,1310,215,274]" box="[1079,1189,247,274]" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
( (
<figureCitation id="36EE5D927935FFFCA222FF0A98A6FEB3" box="[1088,1152,247,274]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[134,143,1664,1681]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-268@13.[698,1267,778,1342]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 5. — Petraster kinahani (Bailey, 1878); Ballymoney Group, Late Ordovician (Sandbian); Wexford County Ireland; latex casts; A, GSI/I 00073, aboral view, ossicular differences from those of C1 in part reflect preservation. Madreporite (left arrow, compare Fig. 2B) bordered laterally by enlarged crescentic ossicles. Identities of arm series lateral to madreporite obscure, midarm arching indicates these are not carinals. Terminal (A, right arrow); B, GSI/I 00084; axials across arm midline at radial channel, it dilated by compaction; groove for transverse water vessel on distal side of transverse ridge; podial basin shared by successive axials;the adaxial “nose” or prominence abuts the axial in the weakly vaulted euaxosidan configuration; C1, C2, GSI/I 00069; aboral views; suggestion of carinal series limited to weak alignment of midarm series (C2, arrows). Scale bars: A, C1, 10 mm; B, C2, 3 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Figs 5</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="36EE5D927935FFFCA222FF0A98A6FEB3" box="[1088,1152,247,274]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[134,143,1664,1681]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,216,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-268@13.[698,1267,778,1342]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 5. — Petraster kinahani (Bailey, 1878); Ballymoney Group, Late Ordovician (Sandbian); Wexford County Ireland; latex casts; A, GSI/I 00073, aboral view, ossicular differences from those of C1 in part reflect preservation. Madreporite (left arrow, compare Fig. 2B) bordered laterally by enlarged crescentic ossicles. Identities of arm series lateral to madreporite obscure, midarm arching indicates these are not carinals. Terminal (A, right arrow); B, GSI/I 00084; axials across arm midline at radial channel, it dilated by compaction; groove for transverse water vessel on distal side of transverse ridge; podial basin shared by successive axials;the adaxial “nose” or prominence abuts the axial in the weakly vaulted euaxosidan configuration; C1, C2, GSI/I 00069; aboral views; suggestion of carinal series limited to weak alignment of midarm series (C2, arrows). Scale bars: A, C1, 10 mm; B, C2, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14531874" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14531874/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Figs 5</figureCitation>
; ;
<figureCitation id="36EE5D927935FFFCA2ECFF0598BAFEB0" box="[1166,1180,247,273]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1641,1658]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-360@14.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Petraster kinahani (Bailey, 1878); Ballymoney Group, Late Ordovician (Sandbian); Wexford County, Ireland; latex casts: A1-A4, GSI/I00066, oral views; A1, orientation as A2; small axillaries? (short vertical arrows) are immediately adjacent to enlarged IM series, larger more proximal swellings suggest larger axillaries (long inclined arrows). Axials appear to directly abut adaxials (horizontal arrow to upper left) whereas smaller ossicles appear to be intercalated between axials and adaxials (inclined arrow to lower left), see text; A2, IM series extends around interbrachium, like Aerliceaster Blake, Gahn &amp; Guensburg, 2020 without a clearly differentiated axillary marking the series (Fig. 9A2); A3, arm tip, lower axials obscured; A4, disk and proximal arm; B, GSI/I 00074; lateral view, inferomarginal series at edge is well-defined, sides of adaxials exposed distally to right; inset enlarged ossicles on disk (arrow); aboral series of enlarged aligned ossicles and interwoven smaller ossicular series are of problematic identity; series of smaller aligned ossicles on arm to right are thought likely carinals; C, GSI/I 00071; inferomarginal series (arrow) overlies adaxials and weakly exposed axials; identity of series of ossicles of variable sizes aboral to inferomarginals is problematic; D, GSI/I 00088, mouth frame ossicles in dorsal view, ossicles abutting MAO, although weathered, do not appear to be of the dumbbell shape of those of P. caidrami n. sp. (Fig. 2A7). Scale bars: A1, A3, A4, C, 5 mm; A2, B, 10 mm; D, 3 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="224">6</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="36EE5D927935FFFCA2ECFF0598BAFEB0" box="[1166,1180,247,273]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1641,1658]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-360@14.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Petraster kinahani (Bailey, 1878); Ballymoney Group, Late Ordovician (Sandbian); Wexford County, Ireland; latex casts: A1-A4, GSI/I00066, oral views; A1, orientation as A2; small axillaries? (short vertical arrows) are immediately adjacent to enlarged IM series, larger more proximal swellings suggest larger axillaries (long inclined arrows). Axials appear to directly abut adaxials (horizontal arrow to upper left) whereas smaller ossicles appear to be intercalated between axials and adaxials (inclined arrow to lower left), see text; A2, IM series extends around interbrachium, like Aerliceaster Blake, Gahn &amp; Guensburg, 2020 without a clearly differentiated axillary marking the series (Fig. 9A2); A3, arm tip, lower axials obscured; A4, disk and proximal arm; B, GSI/I 00074; lateral view, inferomarginal series at edge is well-defined, sides of adaxials exposed distally to right; inset enlarged ossicles on disk (arrow); aboral series of enlarged aligned ossicles and interwoven smaller ossicular series are of problematic identity; series of smaller aligned ossicles on arm to right are thought likely carinals; C, GSI/I 00071; inferomarginal series (arrow) overlies adaxials and weakly exposed axials; identity of series of ossicles of variable sizes aboral to inferomarginals is problematic; D, GSI/I 00088, mouth frame ossicles in dorsal view, ossicles abutting MAO, although weathered, do not appear to be of the dumbbell shape of those of P. caidrami n. sp. (Fig. 2A7). Scale bars: A1, A3, A4, C, 5 mm; A2, B, 10 mm; D, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14531878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14531878/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">6</figureCitation>
) )
</paragraph> </paragraph>
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@ -213,8 +213,8 @@ by presence of distal abactinal arm ossicles that lack clear differentiation in
</paragraph> </paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE6A41177935FFFEA521F8809ED5FE70" blockId="9.[811,1457,1619,2027]" lastBlockId="11.[131,778,216,465]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="9" pageNumber="224"> <paragraph id="AE6A41177935FFFEA521F8809ED5FE70" blockId="9.[811,1457,1619,2027]" lastBlockId="11.[131,778,216,465]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">
A small ambulacral area ( A small ambulacral area (
<figureCitation id="36EE5D927935FFFCA22AF88098BFF82D" box="[1096,1177,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1641,1658]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-360@14.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Petraster kinahani (Bailey, 1878); Ballymoney Group, Late Ordovician (Sandbian); Wexford County, Ireland; latex casts: A1-A4, GSI/I00066, oral views; A1, orientation as A2; small axillaries? (short vertical arrows) are immediately adjacent to enlarged IM series, larger more proximal swellings suggest larger axillaries (long inclined arrows). Axials appear to directly abut adaxials (horizontal arrow to upper left) whereas smaller ossicles appear to be intercalated between axials and adaxials (inclined arrow to lower left), see text; A2, IM series extends around interbrachium, like Aerliceaster Blake, Gahn &amp; Guensburg, 2020 without a clearly differentiated axillary marking the series (Fig. 9A2); A3, arm tip, lower axials obscured; A4, disk and proximal arm; B, GSI/I 00074; lateral view, inferomarginal series at edge is well-defined, sides of adaxials exposed distally to right; inset enlarged ossicles on disk (arrow); aboral series of enlarged aligned ossicles and interwoven smaller ossicular series are of problematic identity; series of smaller aligned ossicles on arm to right are thought likely carinals; C, GSI/I 00071; inferomarginal series (arrow) overlies adaxials and weakly exposed axials; identity of series of ossicles of variable sizes aboral to inferomarginals is problematic; D, GSI/I 00088, mouth frame ossicles in dorsal view, ossicles abutting MAO, although weathered, do not appear to be of the dumbbell shape of those of P. caidrami n. sp. (Fig. 2A7). Scale bars: A1, A3, A4, C, 5 mm; A2, B, 10 mm; D, 3 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Fig. 6A</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="36EE5D927935FFFCA22AF88098BFF82D" box="[1096,1177,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1641,1658]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1600]" captionTargetId="figure-360@14.[698,1267,768,1324]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 6. — Petraster kinahani (Bailey, 1878); Ballymoney Group, Late Ordovician (Sandbian); Wexford County, Ireland; latex casts: A1-A4, GSI/I00066, oral views; A1, orientation as A2; small axillaries? (short vertical arrows) are immediately adjacent to enlarged IM series, larger more proximal swellings suggest larger axillaries (long inclined arrows). Axials appear to directly abut adaxials (horizontal arrow to upper left) whereas smaller ossicles appear to be intercalated between axials and adaxials (inclined arrow to lower left), see text; A2, IM series extends around interbrachium, like Aerliceaster Blake, Gahn &amp; Guensburg, 2020 without a clearly differentiated axillary marking the series (Fig. 9A2); A3, arm tip, lower axials obscured; A4, disk and proximal arm; B, GSI/I 00074; lateral view, inferomarginal series at edge is well-defined, sides of adaxials exposed distally to right; inset enlarged ossicles on disk (arrow); aboral series of enlarged aligned ossicles and interwoven smaller ossicular series are of problematic identity; series of smaller aligned ossicles on arm to right are thought likely carinals; C, GSI/I 00071; inferomarginal series (arrow) overlies adaxials and weakly exposed axials; identity of series of ossicles of variable sizes aboral to inferomarginals is problematic; D, GSI/I 00088, mouth frame ossicles in dorsal view, ossicles abutting MAO, although weathered, do not appear to be of the dumbbell shape of those of P. caidrami n. sp. (Fig. 2A7). Scale bars: A1, A3, A4, C, 5 mm; A2, B, 10 mm; D, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14531878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14531878/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="36EE5D927935FFFCA2F8F8809885F82D" box="[1178,1187,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[134,144,1411,1428]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-425@6.[698,1267,746,1280]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Problematic species of Petraster Billings, 1858: A1, A2, Petraster rigidus (Billings, 1858), generic type species;Trenton Limestone, Late Ordovician (Sandbian-early Katian), 45°02637”N, 75°0269”W, Ottawa, Canada; original specimen, holotype GSC 1401; A1, specimen remnant, surfaces of disk ossicles to left appearing largely unaltered, those to right more abraded thereby obscuring original surface appearances; A2, specimen wetted, axillary of interbrachium to left is triangular, possible second axillary (lower left arrow) immediately distal of MAO pair at base of single actinal series. Ossicles to right interbrachium altered but appearance unlike those to left interbrachium, significance of diagenetic alteration uncertain; upper two arrows mark position of inferomarginal near apparent termini of actinal series. Ossicles edging adaxial at one arm margin (arrow to lower right) appearing somewhat enlarged as compared to traces at other arm margins, the nature of the skeleton aboral to inferomarginals obscure; B1-B3, Petraster? ramseyensis (Hicks, 1873); Early Ordovician (early Arenig); Ramsey Island, Wales; latex casts; B1, B2, NHM E13707 = Manchester L10038, abactinals are differentiated, carinals (B1, arrow) bordered by small rectangular adradials, two marginal series; aboral disk largely lost, madreporite? (B2, arrow) remains; B3, NHM E13703 = Manchester L10036a distended specimen in oral aspect, ambulacra variously flattened, inferomarginals, adaxials, and axials dominate; possible axillary (arrow). Scale bars: A1, A2, B2, B3, 5 mm; B1, 3 mm." pageId="9" pageNumber="224">1</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="36EE5D927935FFFCA2F8F8809885F82D" box="[1178,1187,1906,1932]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[134,144,1411,1428]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-425@6.[698,1267,746,1280]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Problematic species of Petraster Billings, 1858: A1, A2, Petraster rigidus (Billings, 1858), generic type species;Trenton Limestone, Late Ordovician (Sandbian-early Katian), 45°02637”N, 75°0269”W, Ottawa, Canada; original specimen, holotype GSC 1401; A1, specimen remnant, surfaces of disk ossicles to left appearing largely unaltered, those to right more abraded thereby obscuring original surface appearances; A2, specimen wetted, axillary of interbrachium to left is triangular, possible second axillary (lower left arrow) immediately distal of MAO pair at base of single actinal series. Ossicles to right interbrachium altered but appearance unlike those to left interbrachium, significance of diagenetic alteration uncertain; upper two arrows mark position of inferomarginal near apparent termini of actinal series. Ossicles edging adaxial at one arm margin (arrow to lower right) appearing somewhat enlarged as compared to traces at other arm margins, the nature of the skeleton aboral to inferomarginals obscure; B1-B3, Petraster? ramseyensis (Hicks, 1873); Early Ordovician (early Arenig); Ramsey Island, Wales; latex casts; B1, B2, NHM E13707 = Manchester L10038, abactinals are differentiated, carinals (B1, arrow) bordered by small rectangular adradials, two marginal series; aboral disk largely lost, madreporite? (B2, arrow) remains; B3, NHM E13703 = Manchester L10036a distended specimen in oral aspect, ambulacra variously flattened, inferomarginals, adaxials, and axials dominate; possible axillary (arrow). Scale bars: A1, A2, B2, B3, 5 mm; B1, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14531862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14531862/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="224">1</figureCitation>
) is problematic. One area (horizontal arrow to upper left) shows a series of five axial transverse ridges offset from prominent noses of adaxials, the displacement accompanying sediment compaction, whereas another area (inclined arrow to lower left) suggests a series of five separate small ossicles between the axials and adaxials. Presence of an “extra” ossicle emplaced between the axial and adaxial is diagnostic of the Stenuroidea ( ) is problematic. One area (horizontal arrow to upper left) shows a series of five axial transverse ridges offset from prominent noses of adaxials, the displacement accompanying sediment compaction, whereas another area (inclined arrow to lower left) suggests a series of five separate small ossicles between the axials and adaxials. Presence of an “extra” ossicle emplaced between the axial and adaxial is diagnostic of the Stenuroidea (
<bibRefCitation id="CA443CE67937FFFEA44EFEC59E80FEF3" author="BLAKE D. B." box="[556,678,311,338]" pageId="11" pageNumber="226" pagination="353 - 372" refId="ref14470" refString="BLAKE D. B. 2013. - Asterozoan (Echinodermata) diversification: a paleontologic quandary. Journal of Paleontology 87 (3): 353 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 12 - 042.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Blake 2013</bibRefCitation> <bibRefCitation id="CA443CE67937FFFEA44EFEC59E80FEF3" author="BLAKE D. B." box="[556,678,311,338]" pageId="11" pageNumber="226" pagination="353 - 372" refId="ref14470" refString="BLAKE D. B. 2013. - Asterozoan (Echinodermata) diversification: a paleontologic quandary. Journal of Paleontology 87 (3): 353 - 372. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 12 - 042.1" type="journal article" year="2013">Blake 2013</bibRefCitation>
). A similar expression was found in none of the other specimens of ). A similar expression was found in none of the other specimens of

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@ -1,56 +1,56 @@
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<figureCitation id="36EE5D927937FFFEA7FCFDC49DC8FDF0" box="[414,494,566,593]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[134,144,1411,1428]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-425@6.[698,1267,746,1280]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Problematic species of Petraster Billings, 1858: A1, A2, Petraster rigidus (Billings, 1858), generic type species;Trenton Limestone, Late Ordovician (Sandbian-early Katian), 45°02637”N, 75°0269”W, Ottawa, Canada; original specimen, holotype GSC 1401; A1, specimen remnant, surfaces of disk ossicles to left appearing largely unaltered, those to right more abraded thereby obscuring original surface appearances; A2, specimen wetted, axillary of interbrachium to left is triangular, possible second axillary (lower left arrow) immediately distal of MAO pair at base of single actinal series. Ossicles to right interbrachium altered but appearance unlike those to left interbrachium, significance of diagenetic alteration uncertain; upper two arrows mark position of inferomarginal near apparent termini of actinal series. Ossicles edging adaxial at one arm margin (arrow to lower right) appearing somewhat enlarged as compared to traces at other arm margins, the nature of the skeleton aboral to inferomarginals obscure; B1-B3, Petraster? ramseyensis (Hicks, 1873); Early Ordovician (early Arenig); Ramsey Island, Wales; latex casts; B1, B2, NHM E13707 = Manchester L10038, abactinals are differentiated, carinals (B1, arrow) bordered by small rectangular adradials, two marginal series; aboral disk largely lost, madreporite? (B2, arrow) remains; B3, NHM E13703 = Manchester L10036a distended specimen in oral aspect, ambulacra variously flattened, inferomarginals, adaxials, and axials dominate; possible axillary (arrow). Scale bars: A1, A2, B2, B3, 5 mm; B1, 3 mm." pageId="11" pageNumber="226">Fig. 1B</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="36EE5D927937FFFEA7FCFDC49DC8FDF0" box="[414,494,566,593]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[134,144,1411,1428]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-425@6.[698,1267,746,1280]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Problematic species of Petraster Billings, 1858: A1, A2, Petraster rigidus (Billings, 1858), generic type species;Trenton Limestone, Late Ordovician (Sandbian-early Katian), 45°02637”N, 75°0269”W, Ottawa, Canada; original specimen, holotype GSC 1401; A1, specimen remnant, surfaces of disk ossicles to left appearing largely unaltered, those to right more abraded thereby obscuring original surface appearances; A2, specimen wetted, axillary of interbrachium to left is triangular, possible second axillary (lower left arrow) immediately distal of MAO pair at base of single actinal series. Ossicles to right interbrachium altered but appearance unlike those to left interbrachium, significance of diagenetic alteration uncertain; upper two arrows mark position of inferomarginal near apparent termini of actinal series. Ossicles edging adaxial at one arm margin (arrow to lower right) appearing somewhat enlarged as compared to traces at other arm margins, the nature of the skeleton aboral to inferomarginals obscure; B1-B3, Petraster? ramseyensis (Hicks, 1873); Early Ordovician (early Arenig); Ramsey Island, Wales; latex casts; B1, B2, NHM E13707 = Manchester L10038, abactinals are differentiated, carinals (B1, arrow) bordered by small rectangular adradials, two marginal series; aboral disk largely lost, madreporite? (B2, arrow) remains; B3, NHM E13703 = Manchester L10036a distended specimen in oral aspect, ambulacra variously flattened, inferomarginals, adaxials, and axials dominate; possible axillary (arrow). Scale bars: A1, A2, B2, B3, 5 mm; B1, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14531862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14531862/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="226">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="E6CF129C7939FFF0A5AEFD249929FD50" box="[972,1295,726,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="220" type="nomenclature"> <subSubSection id="E6CF129C7939FFF0A5AEFD249929FD50" box="[972,1295,726,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="220" type="nomenclature">
@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ Genus
<paragraph id="AE6A41177939FFF0A54FFB469920F8AD" blockId="5.[810,1457,1173,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">Palasterinid, disk size moderate, interbrachia narrowly rounded; arms elongate, outline triangular and gradually tapering to narrowly rounded tips; disk and arms probably moderately arched in life. Configuration of extraxial ossicles aboral to inferomarginals varied among species. Abactinals small relative to overall body size, somewhat varied in size and form, plate-like, granular, irregular spicular, or rod-like. Aboral ring, centrale not definitively recognized. Carinal series obscure to moderately well-defined. Superomarginals enlarged relative to ossicles of adjacent series, approximately equidimensional, domal; disk superomarginals obscure in some species. Adradialia granular or spicular, variably developed. Intermarginals granular, variably developed.Madreporite where known circular, aboral; on larger specimens, can be partially enclosed by pair of enlarged, crescentic ossicles. Inferomarginals, adaxials well-developed, adaxials rectangular to equidimensional, domal, pustulate; enlarged accessory bases lacking. Inferomarginals on oral surface proximally, becoming marginal distally, abutting adaxials for at least most of arm length.</paragraph> <paragraph id="AE6A41177939FFF0A54FFB469920F8AD" blockId="5.[810,1457,1173,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">Palasterinid, disk size moderate, interbrachia narrowly rounded; arms elongate, outline triangular and gradually tapering to narrowly rounded tips; disk and arms probably moderately arched in life. Configuration of extraxial ossicles aboral to inferomarginals varied among species. Abactinals small relative to overall body size, somewhat varied in size and form, plate-like, granular, irregular spicular, or rod-like. Aboral ring, centrale not definitively recognized. Carinal series obscure to moderately well-defined. Superomarginals enlarged relative to ossicles of adjacent series, approximately equidimensional, domal; disk superomarginals obscure in some species. Adradialia granular or spicular, variably developed. Intermarginals granular, variably developed.Madreporite where known circular, aboral; on larger specimens, can be partially enclosed by pair of enlarged, crescentic ossicles. Inferomarginals, adaxials well-developed, adaxials rectangular to equidimensional, domal, pustulate; enlarged accessory bases lacking. Inferomarginals on oral surface proximally, becoming marginal distally, abutting adaxials for at least most of arm length.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AE6A41177939FFF3A521F8E09E65F8ED" blockId="5.[810,1457,1173,2028]" lastBlockId="6.[130,776,1746,1869]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">Axials nearly equidimensional to weakly rectangular, wider than long; radial water-vascular channel relatively broad; transverse ridge well-developed, podial basins approximately equally shared by subsequent axials. Adaxials approximately equidimensional, external surface texture similar to that of inferomarginals; adaxials more numerous than inferomarginals at least on disk, more nearly paired on arms. Oral disk ossicles variably developed. Axillary number where known one or two, actinal series present or absent, variably developed. Accessories where known including relatively small spinelets and granules; large spines not recognized.</paragraph> <paragraph id="AE6A41177939FFF3A521F8E09E65F8ED" blockId="5.[810,1457,1173,2028]" lastBlockId="6.[130,776,1746,1869]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="5" pageNumber="220">Axials nearly equidimensional to weakly rectangular, wider than long; radial water-vascular channel relatively broad; transverse ridge well-developed, podial basins approximately equally shared by subsequent axials. Adaxials approximately equidimensional, external surface texture similar to that of inferomarginals; adaxials more numerous than inferomarginals at least on disk, more nearly paired on arms. Oral disk ossicles variably developed. Axillary number where known one or two, actinal series present or absent, variably developed. Accessories where known including relatively small spinelets and granules; large spines not recognized.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AE6A4117793AFFF3A6E4FA719E2FF9D6" blockId="6.[132,1456,1411,1655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221"> <paragraph id="AE6A4117793AFFF3A6E4FA719E2FF9D6" blockId="6.[132,1456,1411,1655]" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">
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. 1. — Problematic species of . 1. — Problematic species of
@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ species of
Billings Billings
</taxonomicName> </taxonomicName>
( (
<figureCitation id="36EE5D92793AFFF3A4CAF8409F25F86D" box="[680,771,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[134,144,1411,1428]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-425@6.[698,1267,746,1280]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Problematic species of Petraster Billings, 1858: A1, A2, Petraster rigidus (Billings, 1858), generic type species;Trenton Limestone, Late Ordovician (Sandbian-early Katian), 45°02637”N, 75°0269”W, Ottawa, Canada; original specimen, holotype GSC 1401; A1, specimen remnant, surfaces of disk ossicles to left appearing largely unaltered, those to right more abraded thereby obscuring original surface appearances; A2, specimen wetted, axillary of interbrachium to left is triangular, possible second axillary (lower left arrow) immediately distal of MAO pair at base of single actinal series. Ossicles to right interbrachium altered but appearance unlike those to left interbrachium, significance of diagenetic alteration uncertain; upper two arrows mark position of inferomarginal near apparent termini of actinal series. Ossicles edging adaxial at one arm margin (arrow to lower right) appearing somewhat enlarged as compared to traces at other arm margins, the nature of the skeleton aboral to inferomarginals obscure; B1-B3, Petraster? ramseyensis (Hicks, 1873); Early Ordovician (early Arenig); Ramsey Island, Wales; latex casts; B1, B2, NHM E13707 = Manchester L10038, abactinals are differentiated, carinals (B1, arrow) bordered by small rectangular adradials, two marginal series; aboral disk largely lost, madreporite? (B2, arrow) remains; B3, NHM E13703 = Manchester L10036a distended specimen in oral aspect, ambulacra variously flattened, inferomarginals, adaxials, and axials dominate; possible axillary (arrow). Scale bars: A1, A2, B2, B3, 5 mm; B1, 3 mm." pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Fig. 1A1</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="36EE5D92793AFFF3A4CAF8409F25F86D" box="[680,771,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[134,144,1411,1428]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-425@6.[698,1267,746,1280]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Problematic species of Petraster Billings, 1858: A1, A2, Petraster rigidus (Billings, 1858), generic type species;Trenton Limestone, Late Ordovician (Sandbian-early Katian), 45°02637”N, 75°0269”W, Ottawa, Canada; original specimen, holotype GSC 1401; A1, specimen remnant, surfaces of disk ossicles to left appearing largely unaltered, those to right more abraded thereby obscuring original surface appearances; A2, specimen wetted, axillary of interbrachium to left is triangular, possible second axillary (lower left arrow) immediately distal of MAO pair at base of single actinal series. Ossicles to right interbrachium altered but appearance unlike those to left interbrachium, significance of diagenetic alteration uncertain; upper two arrows mark position of inferomarginal near apparent termini of actinal series. Ossicles edging adaxial at one arm margin (arrow to lower right) appearing somewhat enlarged as compared to traces at other arm margins, the nature of the skeleton aboral to inferomarginals obscure; B1-B3, Petraster? ramseyensis (Hicks, 1873); Early Ordovician (early Arenig); Ramsey Island, Wales; latex casts; B1, B2, NHM E13707 = Manchester L10038, abactinals are differentiated, carinals (B1, arrow) bordered by small rectangular adradials, two marginal series; aboral disk largely lost, madreporite? (B2, arrow) remains; B3, NHM E13703 = Manchester L10036a distended specimen in oral aspect, ambulacra variously flattened, inferomarginals, adaxials, and axials dominate; possible axillary (arrow). Scale bars: A1, A2, B2, B3, 5 mm; B1, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14531862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14531862/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">Fig. 1A1</figureCitation>
, A2), is incompletely known leading to the use of , A2), is incompletely known leading to the use of
<taxonomicName id="69D53A94793AFFF3A4E9F8209F9CF94C" authority="(Baily, 1879)" baseAuthorityName="Baily" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[651,954,1746,2028]" class="Asteroidea" family="Palasterinidae" genus="Petraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euaxosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kinahani"> <taxonomicName id="69D53A94793AFFF3A4E9F8209F9CF94C" authority="(Baily, 1879)" baseAuthorityName="Baily" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[651,954,1746,2028]" class="Asteroidea" family="Palasterinidae" genus="Petraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euaxosida" pageId="6" pageNumber="221" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kinahani">
<emphasis id="9CA19D05793AFFF3A4E9F8209EBCF84A" box="[651,666,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">P</emphasis> <emphasis id="9CA19D05793AFFF3A4E9F8209EBCF84A" box="[651,666,2002,2027]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="221">P</emphasis>

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@ -1,56 +1,56 @@
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<mods:affiliation id="A01F0FD8F82290101B8854C3FF33E18D">Departement of Earth Sciences and Environmental Change, University of Illinois, 3081 NHB, 1301 West Green Street, 61801 Urbana, IL (United States)</mods:affiliation> <mods:affiliation id="B57E28B2ACBB2B7A6759B1BCD2A10762">Departement of Earth Sciences and Environmental Change, University of Illinois, 3081 NHB, 1301 West Green Street, 61801 Urbana, IL (United States)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="CDC78484CCC9F966912295F88F77D0EE">Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENSL, CNRS, LGL-TPE, 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre, F- 69622 Villeurbanne (France)</mods:affiliation> <mods:affiliation id="12B911854CAAFE71A3E07229B41BB451">Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENSL, CNRS, LGL-TPE, 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre, F- 69622 Villeurbanne (France)</mods:affiliation>
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@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
<subSubSection id="E6CF129C793BFFF2A7F7FDE59DD0FD90" box="[405,502,535,561]" pageId="7" pageNumber="222" type="description"> <subSubSection id="E6CF129C793BFFF2A7F7FDE59DD0FD90" box="[405,502,535,561]" pageId="7" pageNumber="222" type="description">
<paragraph id="AE6A4117793BFFF2A7F7FDE59DD0FD90" blockId="7.[277,631,502,561]" box="[405,502,535,561]" pageId="7" pageNumber="222"> <paragraph id="AE6A4117793BFFF2A7F7FDE59DD0FD90" blockId="7.[277,631,502,561]" box="[405,502,535,561]" pageId="7" pageNumber="222">
( (
<figureCitation id="36EE5D92793BFFF2A7FCFDE59DC9FD90" box="[414,495,535,561]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[134,144,1411,1428]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-425@6.[698,1267,746,1280]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Problematic species of Petraster Billings, 1858: A1, A2, Petraster rigidus (Billings, 1858), generic type species;Trenton Limestone, Late Ordovician (Sandbian-early Katian), 45°02637”N, 75°0269”W, Ottawa, Canada; original specimen, holotype GSC 1401; A1, specimen remnant, surfaces of disk ossicles to left appearing largely unaltered, those to right more abraded thereby obscuring original surface appearances; A2, specimen wetted, axillary of interbrachium to left is triangular, possible second axillary (lower left arrow) immediately distal of MAO pair at base of single actinal series. Ossicles to right interbrachium altered but appearance unlike those to left interbrachium, significance of diagenetic alteration uncertain; upper two arrows mark position of inferomarginal near apparent termini of actinal series. Ossicles edging adaxial at one arm margin (arrow to lower right) appearing somewhat enlarged as compared to traces at other arm margins, the nature of the skeleton aboral to inferomarginals obscure; B1-B3, Petraster? ramseyensis (Hicks, 1873); Early Ordovician (early Arenig); Ramsey Island, Wales; latex casts; B1, B2, NHM E13707 = Manchester L10038, abactinals are differentiated, carinals (B1, arrow) bordered by small rectangular adradials, two marginal series; aboral disk largely lost, madreporite? (B2, arrow) remains; B3, NHM E13703 = Manchester L10036a distended specimen in oral aspect, ambulacra variously flattened, inferomarginals, adaxials, and axials dominate; possible axillary (arrow). Scale bars: A1, A2, B2, B3, 5 mm; B1, 3 mm." pageId="7" pageNumber="222">Fig. 1A</figureCitation> <figureCitation id="36EE5D92793BFFF2A7FCFDE59DC9FD90" box="[414,495,535,561]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[134,144,1411,1428]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1367]" captionTargetId="figure-425@6.[698,1267,746,1280]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 1. — Problematic species of Petraster Billings, 1858: A1, A2, Petraster rigidus (Billings, 1858), generic type species;Trenton Limestone, Late Ordovician (Sandbian-early Katian), 45°02637”N, 75°0269”W, Ottawa, Canada; original specimen, holotype GSC 1401; A1, specimen remnant, surfaces of disk ossicles to left appearing largely unaltered, those to right more abraded thereby obscuring original surface appearances; A2, specimen wetted, axillary of interbrachium to left is triangular, possible second axillary (lower left arrow) immediately distal of MAO pair at base of single actinal series. Ossicles to right interbrachium altered but appearance unlike those to left interbrachium, significance of diagenetic alteration uncertain; upper two arrows mark position of inferomarginal near apparent termini of actinal series. Ossicles edging adaxial at one arm margin (arrow to lower right) appearing somewhat enlarged as compared to traces at other arm margins, the nature of the skeleton aboral to inferomarginals obscure; B1-B3, Petraster? ramseyensis (Hicks, 1873); Early Ordovician (early Arenig); Ramsey Island, Wales; latex casts; B1, B2, NHM E13707 = Manchester L10038, abactinals are differentiated, carinals (B1, arrow) bordered by small rectangular adradials, two marginal series; aboral disk largely lost, madreporite? (B2, arrow) remains; B3, NHM E13703 = Manchester L10036a distended specimen in oral aspect, ambulacra variously flattened, inferomarginals, adaxials, and axials dominate; possible axillary (arrow). Scale bars: A1, A2, B2, B3, 5 mm; B1, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14531862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14531862/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="222">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
) )
</paragraph> </paragraph>
</subSubSection> </subSubSection>

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@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
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<mods:namePart id="8CA6483F0D85AD612ACE9F85E9999B64">Diez, Yander L.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C0AF95384CC58129571E9CE702E2608A" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="94162304E5076433F27A9D2FF15EFA50">
<taxonomicName id="AFA9636DF41ECB65C670765245B72022" ID-CoL="6NPD5" authority="Schwank, 1979" authorityName="Schwank" authorityYear="1979" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Krumbachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dalytyphloplanida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hiemalis">
<emphasis id="0EA73C46522F35CD869DF68F60E5CE62" italics="true">Krumbachia hiemalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B818F0D602BB6AB0106AFEDEEB254E6D" DOI="10.1002/iroh.19790640608" author="Schwank P" journalOrPublisher="Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie" pagination="801-810" refId="B101" refString="Schwank P (1979) Two new Krumbachia (Turbellaria Neorhabdocoela) from highland streams near Schlitz, Hesse. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 64: 801 - 810. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / iroh. 19790640608" title="Two new Krumbachia (Turbellaria Neorhabdocoela) from highland streams near Schlitz, Hesse." volume="64" year="1979">Schwank, 1979</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4EAF75F6976812D785F741F21577FFC1">
<figureCitation id="2218C7D6901CCD215BFA96908C8029E5" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Krumbachia hiemalis. A. Habitus of live specimens; B. Anterior region; C. Posterior region; D, E. Atrial organs. Scale bars: 50 μm (B E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203025">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EG6CK" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AAEA6A2ABDC1BC09A4250D59FCA69898">
<heading id="F1FE355FAA54603372E5356063E44B31" reason="title">Known distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E869DED8C40E28E2F8E440D9CDFCE28">
Until now, this species was only known from its type locality in Schlitz,
<collectingRegion id="5AE501502E3FA091818ACBF6B2A74D1B" country="Germany" name="Hessen">Hessen</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="9DA48E5C224372510397F501C13610DC" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="57D3E9F12A951E8037038C92B6AE66F2" DOI="10.1002/iroh.19790640608" author="Schwank" firstAuthor="Schwank" journalOrPublisher="Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie" pagination="801-810" refId="B101" refString="Schwank P (1979) Two new Krumbachia (Turbellaria Neorhabdocoela) from highland streams near Schlitz, Hesse. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 64: 801810. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19790640608" title="Two new Krumbachia (Turbellaria Neorhabdocoela) from highland streams near Schlitz, Hesse." volume="64" year="1979">Schwank 1979</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EQ6CK" type="material">
<paragraph id="83BAE2C53B45E52CD233DEE2B2C86ED1">
<heading id="0FB8300E391511E407B20EE623E34879" reason="title">Material.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C882740A4BA1E8E260946B5BB5337C0C">
<specimenCount id="54F794111999B188B767134ACF6D8870" count="16" type="generic">Sixteen specimens</specimenCount>
studied alive, five of them whole mounted (
<collectionCode id="21EAF6A7B0A4EF15DE0B7F0AC7900D85" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" type="Museum">ZMH</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber id="8982D287B42795C24310619172B4A876" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V13843" type="EnaNcbi">
<collectionCode id="FF7A86610AF16DFF10EE1142066A05E5" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
13843
</accessionNumber>
13847), nine preserved for future histological, and two used for molecular studies. Animals collected in Wittenberg, Rissen, on tree holes filled with water and litter,
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over the ground level.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EV6CK" type="description">
<paragraph id="F5EEEFDBC39619DE1EB4746E12DD9304">
<heading id="3E21ED97453A5EDE1FEF5981920EADC5" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4D5E202C95A3C0864C367AD68C369CC">
Live animals
<quantity id="1770BEFAF18CD9FB936537C48AC040BA" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.52 mm</quantity>
long, unpigmented and without eyes (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B592BD551CAF9B7043FD06F974C0E918" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Krumbachia hiemalis. A. Habitus of live specimens; B. Anterior region; C. Posterior region; D, E. Atrial organs. Scale bars: 50 μm (B E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203025">12 A</figureCitation>
). Strong adhenal rhabdite tracts (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F88C740C3A014BB7982A76BFED585F2B" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Krumbachia hiemalis. A. Habitus of live specimens; B. Anterior region; C. Posterior region; D, E. Atrial organs. Scale bars: 50 μm (B E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203025">12 B</figureCitation>
: ar) open in the anterior body end. Body oval-elongated, with the anterior margin broader than the posterior. The pharynx (Fig.
<figureCitation id="51436E0BF4BC55D3F6F873355605CA2B" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Krumbachia hiemalis. A. Habitus of live specimens; B. Anterior region; C. Posterior region; D, E. Atrial organs. Scale bars: 50 μm (B E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203025">12 A, C</figureCitation>
: ph) is located about midbody, 285 µm in diameter (all provided measures of this species are based on a single living specimen).
</paragraph>
<caption id="A9030904674FE64C25C826B27CFDCFEB" ID-arpha="E924AE4A-7671-5006-80BE-C7A907FDF621" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203025" startId="F12">
<paragraph id="A2BB5BAEAAC4D26C4E6FC1482C29BDA1">
<label id="F471634A11B22A86D220B48A76D18920">Figure 12.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC0960894292669371FB0721BCBBC5EF">
<taxonomicName id="AAB16BA1CDF600622AE46B14C0E29208" authorityName="Schwank" authorityYear="1979" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Krumbachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="hiemalis">
<emphasis id="112B95B206264EF4B016775610E40F45" italics="true">Krumbachia hiemalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B3256FE1368E4773A2D09C93973A255D" bold="true">A.</emphasis>
Habitus of live specimens;
<emphasis id="B52A063B7D26A45A2F1FA665E5A6D51F" bold="true">B.</emphasis>
Anterior region;
<emphasis id="1D697E748701E3DF3192EBB44AA12960" bold="true">C.</emphasis>
Posterior region;
<emphasis id="33B3C6F3A70DE52D908CCBF61C342B54" bold="true">D, E.</emphasis>
Atrial organs. Scale bars: 50 μm (
<emphasis id="A3448CFB41FF72147E1E7A2299FCBB58" bold="true">B E</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="1363B6B06280CD8F570EABCC6C922706">
The testes (Fig.
<figureCitation id="BB7976D5E542B924571F43DE136E6A0C" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Krumbachia hiemalis. A. Habitus of live specimens; B. Anterior region; C. Posterior region; D, E. Atrial organs. Scale bars: 50 μm (B E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203025">12 A</figureCitation>
: t) are located anterior and the ovary and atrial organs posterior to the pharynx. The male copulatory organ (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F665A93AD6C464309C120F57E940C1E0" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Krumbachia hiemalis. A. Habitus of live specimens; B. Anterior region; C. Posterior region; D, E. Atrial organs. Scale bars: 50 μm (B E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203025">12 A, C</figureCitation>
: mco) is 156 µm long and encompasses a seminal vesicle, a prostate vesicle, the sclerotised ejaculatory duct, and a bundle of accessory glands. The seminal vesicle (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B3C28F0A28DB5C1DB66433D96F5636C4" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Krumbachia hiemalis. A. Habitus of live specimens; B. Anterior region; C. Posterior region; D, E. Atrial organs. Scale bars: 50 μm (B E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203025">12 D, E</figureCitation>
: sv) receives independently both spermatic ducts and, then, opens into the prostate vesicle. The prostate vesicle (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0747604130B70BF80C6FCEA75C54BC9D" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Krumbachia hiemalis. A. Habitus of live specimens; B. Anterior region; C. Posterior region; D, E. Atrial organs. Scale bars: 50 μm (B E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203025">12 D, E</figureCitation>
: pv) contains a granular secretion, also observable throughout the ejaculatory duct. The ejaculatory duct (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E499A35FE81FE3EDC8FEA6482CDDF898" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Krumbachia hiemalis. A. Habitus of live specimens; B. Anterior region; C. Posterior region; D, E. Atrial organs. Scale bars: 50 μm (B E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203025">12 D, E</figureCitation>
: ed) is 102 µm long, with slightly sclerotised walls (not observable on the whole mounts). The distal half of the male copualatory bulb is occupied by a mass of accessory glands (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D92897B443990151D80BBDD165252976" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Krumbachia hiemalis. A. Habitus of live specimens; B. Anterior region; C. Posterior region; D, E. Atrial organs. Scale bars: 50 μm (B E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203025">12 D, E</figureCitation>
: gl), surrounding the ejaculatory duct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="58D27D66A6F85CF6DED3A1ECD6D23D4B">
The vitellaria (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DC28B7505A2C8FE0EF59064775BA0D7F" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Krumbachia hiemalis. A. Habitus of live specimens; B. Anterior region; C. Posterior region; D, E. Atrial organs. Scale bars: 50 μm (B E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203025">12 A</figureCitation>
: vi) extend at the body sides, between the brain and the posterior part of the body. The ovary (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6A3CD062DA896F6B46605961A6F7619D" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Krumbachia hiemalis. A. Habitus of live specimens; B. Anterior region; C. Posterior region; D, E. Atrial organs. Scale bars: 50 μm (B E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203025">12 A, C</figureCitation>
: ov) is 152 µm long, with the oocytes increasing in diameter from proximal to distal. The female duct connects the ovary to the female atrium. A seminal reservoir (Fig.
<figureCitation id="73D58FD969036450D63270552EE85341" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Krumbachia hiemalis. A. Habitus of live specimens; B. Anterior region; C. Posterior region; D, E. Atrial organs. Scale bars: 50 μm (B E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203025">12 A</figureCitation>
: sr) opens into the female duct (no sperm observed in this structure). The bursa (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8D500756CD876BC9941FDD2149BE031C" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Krumbachia hiemalis. A. Habitus of live specimens; B. Anterior region; C. Posterior region; D, E. Atrial organs. Scale bars: 50 μm (B E)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203025">12 A, C E</figureCitation>
: b) opens into the common general atrium in between the apertures of the female and male atria. Several vesicles were observed within the bursa but no sperm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E39D7BCCF1DCED80B78305938B69136E">
The morphology of the specimens collected in
<collectingRegion id="FAC583C3BE08D72C76CD94EC70E7A775" country="Germany" name="Hamburg">Hamburg</collectingRegion>
closely aligns with the description outlined by
<bibRefCitation id="0384D0E4863BF7953458BBBB8321CB30" DOI="10.1002/iroh.19790640608" author="Schwank P" firstAuthor="Schwank" journalOrPublisher="Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie" pagination="801-810" refId="B101" refString="Schwank P (1979) Two new Krumbachia (Turbellaria Neorhabdocoela) from highland streams near Schlitz, Hesse. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 64: 801810. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19790640608" title="Two new Krumbachia (Turbellaria Neorhabdocoela) from highland streams near Schlitz, Hesse." volume="64" year="1979">Schwank (1979)</bibRefCitation>
. For specimens from the type locality, the copulatory bulb length falls within the range of 120180 µm. Additionally,
<bibRefCitation id="49C37B836E16C020BE3FA13E853853D8" DOI="10.1002/iroh.19790640608" author="Schwank P" firstAuthor="Schwank" journalOrPublisher="Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie" pagination="801-810" refId="B101" refString="Schwank P (1979) Two new Krumbachia (Turbellaria Neorhabdocoela) from highland streams near Schlitz, Hesse. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 64: 801810. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19790640608" title="Two new Krumbachia (Turbellaria Neorhabdocoela) from highland streams near Schlitz, Hesse." volume="64" year="1979">Schwank (1979)</bibRefCitation>
noted the proximal oblique opening of the sclerotized duct in this species, a characteristic clearly observable in our recently collected specimens. This species stands out from all others within the genus
<taxonomicName id="C252199FDFB05E7545C7B9D03A723D1A" authorityName="Reisinger" authorityYear="1924" family="Typhloplanidae" genus="Krumbachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CE6D4C5CE87CCCEAE14B9E059217A63C" italics="true">Krumbachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to the distinctive combination of a two-layered cuticularised ejaculatory duct, notable for its high mobility, and a bursa characterised by a remarkably thin wall.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<treatment id="6BE4C93BD74B56F4BC09E39489DF1F35" ID-arpha="6BE4C93B-D74B-56F4-BC09-E39489DF1F35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6BE4C93BD74B56F4BC09E39489DF1F35" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6BE4C93BD74B56F4BC09E39489DF1F35" scope_family="Dalyelliidae" scope_order="Rhabdocoela" scope_phylum="Platyhelminthes">
<subSubSection id="2EBE105AF44FE1C9D5C2229C5271B24D" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AD3D7254535252E00E73E4322AABBB5B">
<taxonomicName id="CE5159C8968A1DB850475904679F27D0" ID-CoL="RQTC" authority="Luther, 1955" authorityName="Luther" authorityYear="1955" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Castrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dalytyphloplanida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="7A9DD3DFA0A3AC06C3FAECB9F7741D4B" italics="true">Castrella alba</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="284CC1C334BB1081094E96914C34F19F" author="Luther A" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Fennica" pagination="1-337" refId="B60" refString="Luther A (1955) Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie. Acta Zoologica Fennica 87: 1 - 337." title="Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie." volume="87" year="1955">Luther, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C309F84295C004B91AC7BB07F600FD83" type="description">
<paragraph id="54C7C9DAC3F331D431A83F8E579AEC85">
<figureCitation id="FF22478F84C81059EEBCC3796B8136C7" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Castrella alba Luther, 1955 collected in Hamburg. A, B. Habitus of a swimming specimen; C. Details of the anterior part of the body; D F. Posterior part of the body with atrial structures. e eye; ov ovary; ph pharynx; st stylet; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 50 μm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203019">Figs 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="796D4BB2A0645E41539FF290E9B5E2C5" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Castrella alba Luther, 1955 collected in Brandenburg. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B. Details of an egg and its stalk; C. Details of an egg and the stylet; D F. Posterior part of the body with atrial structures. e eye; eg egg; egs egg stalk; ph pharynx; st stylet; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 50 μm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203020">7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EPYBK" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7ED243B022F41CE98DC6CF5EDAB77D2B">
<heading id="3F2705B29D89BF7C38A4A24EE960BD55" reason="title">Known distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F6897BACAA6B30FE66AFD941A392FBA">
Species recorded from
<collectingCountry id="7AEAB6D299EE7826742632030F28F0EF" name="Finland">Finland</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="6FA21CE27429736BFC55E4527E6D027F" name="Sweden">Sweden</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4768C7CE84B5A1030087011CCDF4408A" author="Luther" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Fennica" pagination="1-337" refId="B60" refString="Luther A (1955) Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie. Acta Zoologica Fennica 87: 1337." title="Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie." volume="87" year="1955">Luther 1955</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZYBK" type="material">
<paragraph id="A7379B04F906A4E6F052936DC4C84828">
<heading id="26574D4ECE0C99E1F914405C5DAC4525" reason="title">Material.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F292A12DF9555C79144FA4A4167DAF1A">
<specimenCount id="97E9BEB633D8AFAF12FA33DB0A1AA5FC" count="7" type="generic">Seven specimens</specimenCount>
studied alive, two of which were whole mounted afterwards (
<collectionCode id="63DEF118522BB11068AA7332F84476F1" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" type="Museum">ZMH</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber id="B68E57A292350B3FBC6E72626209A493" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V13831" type="EnaNcbi">
<collectionCode id="5184F7D9F678633CF72E341C5B960195" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
13831
</accessionNumber>
13832); collected in Kirchwerder-Fünfhausen, submerged vegetation and litter in an irrigation channel,
<quantity id="AE288D2A77001C96DA2B2BBEBC99FABA" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="m" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.10.2 m</quantity>
deep.
<specimenCount id="663145BB40D72F5981A3492A69C88DA2" count="4" type="generic">Four specimens</specimenCount>
studied alive and preserved in absolute ethanol, collected in Groß Glienicker lake; littoral, floating vegetation.
<specimenCount id="2B892A931C6AA8A917C0FF64359EA0E2" count="2" type="generic">Two specimens</specimenCount>
from Kirchwerder-Fünfhausen and one from Groß Glienicker lake used for molecular phylogenetic analyses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E5YBK" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="FF1B94424F153CD21025BE08EBB45C89">
<heading id="EA6FEB7761F858A06DC608AE551A024F" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D1AAD8BB4E6D88F7098AD645D4D3E990">
Live specimens about
<quantity id="E0692DA80D588AE84AA0DFE5654C5784" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, anterior margin rounded and posterior pointing, translucent, pinkish-brownish colouration due to parenchymal glands (Figs
<figureCitation id="713504F956311BF08CD167F898020E8C" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Castrella alba Luther, 1955 collected in Hamburg. A, B. Habitus of a swimming specimen; C. Details of the anterior part of the body; D F. Posterior part of the body with atrial structures. e eye; ov ovary; ph pharynx; st stylet; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 50 μm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203019">6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="C80864E975A1341608F81FD7B99676CC" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Castrella alba Luther, 1955 collected in Brandenburg. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B. Details of an egg and its stalk; C. Details of an egg and the stylet; D F. Posterior part of the body with atrial structures. e eye; eg egg; egs egg stalk; ph pharynx; st stylet; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 50 μm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203020">7</figureCitation>
). A pair of eyes (Figs
<figureCitation id="D0B41A9AEA1B4F1DA0129FF8C4D28893" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Castrella alba Luther, 1955 collected in Hamburg. A, B. Habitus of a swimming specimen; C. Details of the anterior part of the body; D F. Posterior part of the body with atrial structures. e eye; ov ovary; ph pharynx; st stylet; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 50 μm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203019">6 A C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="410C04523A9C3F2FBE9D8162A01D8157" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Castrella alba Luther, 1955 collected in Brandenburg. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B. Details of an egg and its stalk; C. Details of an egg and the stylet; D F. Posterior part of the body with atrial structures. e eye; eg egg; egs egg stalk; ph pharynx; st stylet; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 50 μm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203020">7 A</figureCitation>
: e) anterior to the pharynx; the eyes are formed by two pigmented spots linked by a bridge, and sometimes look like two independent structures. Barrel-shaped pharynx (Figs
<figureCitation id="800C2169752CD1ED53CF70116880678A" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Castrella alba Luther, 1955 collected in Hamburg. A, B. Habitus of a swimming specimen; C. Details of the anterior part of the body; D F. Posterior part of the body with atrial structures. e eye; ov ovary; ph pharynx; st stylet; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 50 μm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203019">6 A C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="7EF7D61311036E5BA8F058B077A4EDD1" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Castrella alba Luther, 1955 collected in Brandenburg. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B. Details of an egg and its stalk; C. Details of an egg and the stylet; D F. Posterior part of the body with atrial structures. e eye; eg egg; egs egg stalk; ph pharynx; st stylet; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 50 μm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203020">7 A</figureCitation>
: ph) 122183 µm long (
<emphasis id="296CA20064F7C4C39684B1F6F3D8463A" italics="true">x ̄</emphasis>
= 147 µm; n = 5). Testes located postero-lateral to the pharynx. The male copulatory organ includes a seminal vesicle (Fig.
<figureCitation id="674DC742E7CD727A7C82759DC7FAB5EC" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Castrella alba Luther, 1955 collected in Brandenburg. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B. Details of an egg and its stalk; C. Details of an egg and the stylet; D F. Posterior part of the body with atrial structures. e eye; eg egg; egs egg stalk; ph pharynx; st stylet; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 50 μm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203020">7 E, F</figureCitation>
: sv), a prostate vesicle (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FFB3EAC499C4396C4BA29E814AF1BACE" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Castrella alba Luther, 1955 collected in Brandenburg. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B. Details of an egg and its stalk; C. Details of an egg and the stylet; D F. Posterior part of the body with atrial structures. e eye; eg egg; egs egg stalk; ph pharynx; st stylet; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 50 μm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203020">7 E, F</figureCitation>
: sv), and the stylet. The stylet (Figs
<figureCitation id="F53A15DA6B9A36976A43A248F82FD954" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Castrella alba Luther, 1955 collected in Hamburg. A, B. Habitus of a swimming specimen; C. Details of the anterior part of the body; D F. Posterior part of the body with atrial structures. e eye; ov ovary; ph pharynx; st stylet; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 50 μm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203019">6 D F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2CDD20F24775D2B810493135DC7978A2" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Castrella alba Luther, 1955 collected in Brandenburg. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B. Details of an egg and its stalk; C. Details of an egg and the stylet; D F. Posterior part of the body with atrial structures. e eye; eg egg; egs egg stalk; ph pharynx; st stylet; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 50 μm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203020">7 C F</figureCitation>
: st) is 4374 µm long (
<emphasis id="049BF1C0A7334D22D168D836D2F76972" italics="true">x ̄</emphasis>
= 60 µm; n = 3) and displays a proximal handle and a distal spiny part; a hook-shaped, well-differentiated, largest spine is 1430 µm long (
<emphasis id="282288372C73CE6BE424CC068D97CC6A" italics="true">x ̄</emphasis>
= 22 µm; n = 3). The vitellaria (Fig.
<figureCitation id="5CF549330A56DEECF5DF61FB8904C4E3" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Castrella alba Luther, 1955 collected in Hamburg. A, B. Habitus of a swimming specimen; C. Details of the anterior part of the body; D F. Posterior part of the body with atrial structures. e eye; ov ovary; ph pharynx; st stylet; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 50 μm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203019">6 B</figureCitation>
: vi) run beside the pharynx until the posterior third of the body, fusing before opening into the oviduct. The oval eggs are 64120 µm long (n = 2) and present a 95168 µm long stalk (n = 2) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="676582F7C2D0442708833FAD57AEA19B" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Castrella alba Luther, 1955 collected in Brandenburg. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B. Details of an egg and its stalk; C. Details of an egg and the stylet; D F. Posterior part of the body with atrial structures. e eye; eg egg; egs egg stalk; ph pharynx; st stylet; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 50 μm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203020">7 A C</figureCitation>
: eg).
</paragraph>
<caption id="15FD8985D2A67105151C890DECE92B19" ID-arpha="D9ABB626-7A90-5538-921B-4C3B5AA193BF" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203019" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="10726811483EB269BDA292E41B3B915F">
<label id="EFF3C537407CAAFAFF211B30ABC7DA32">Figure 6.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A86D182D524FB860F394FE270B0C564">
<taxonomicName id="BC2C5BD432C094773277A873910E5716" authority="Luther, 1955" authorityName="Luther" authorityYear="1955" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Castrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="1E9768E8F5CCF90273F61405A727208B" italics="true">Castrella alba</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B4FD8F20A21525C1736B4885322781F6" author="Luther A" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Fennica" pagination="1-337" refId="B60" refString="Luther A (1955) Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie. Acta Zoologica Fennica 87: 1 - 337." title="Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie." volume="87" year="1955">Luther, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
collected in Hamburg.
<emphasis id="4C2F52E44B1386331D2A227A4A998EA1" bold="true">A, B.</emphasis>
Habitus of a swimming specimen;
<emphasis id="8BFBF46563AA5C6230BF1C0BE0024593" bold="true">C.</emphasis>
Details of the anterior part of the body;
<emphasis id="866D761BF734E912B10230D48E48B960" bold="true">D F.</emphasis>
Posterior part of the body with atrial structures.
<emphasis id="BE5418C6ED3298F28711D033F5C74012" bold="true">e</emphasis>
eye;
<emphasis id="00887F687553B19977CE390ACABA2F86" bold="true">ov</emphasis>
ovary;
<emphasis id="9E727BA02EE5DFEFEA4B81FD9417533A" bold="true">ph</emphasis>
pharynx;
<emphasis id="9A0E3A36F80BC1547FA780367695E7AA" bold="true">st</emphasis>
stylet;
<emphasis id="CEF5CDD17FD17A12DEB03A011B028F7B" bold="true">vi</emphasis>
vitellaria. Scale bars: 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="55C0EC484B67139157ED6420886D4026" ID-arpha="E0F9DA64-E038-5E15-96DE-1C5B1C2C6346" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203020" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="62B5470FC3B56E70BCE584BBD98DF1AC">
<label id="B72130A12285A642B461A936F2B86BAA">Figure 7.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A1626D6FE7278EF5DD1D30AB4D65DE35">
<taxonomicName id="DEB6E0D4E238D1ED393777AC29968664" authority="Luther, 1955" authorityName="Luther" authorityYear="1955" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Castrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="043931101039A5D0851BEC6438EFA565" italics="true">Castrella alba</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="05B48BD4940B0467F04E4B028CDCCF2C" author="Luther A" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Fennica" pagination="1-337" refId="B60" refString="Luther A (1955) Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie. Acta Zoologica Fennica 87: 1 - 337." title="Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie." volume="87" year="1955">Luther, 1955</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
collected in Brandenburg.
<emphasis id="2EC3DE9CF0598ACC5BF2E0DE4CFCA61F" bold="true">A.</emphasis>
Habitus of a swimming specimen;
<emphasis id="772914BD8CD85E3991599066ECE9E89E" bold="true">B.</emphasis>
Details of an egg and its stalk;
<emphasis id="FA0792048579EDC1419307B732FE72EF" bold="true">C.</emphasis>
Details of an egg and the stylet;
<emphasis id="6DE6729E5BE09989072D3E541B9CA49D" bold="true">D F.</emphasis>
Posterior part of the body with atrial structures.
<emphasis id="D40429CBF31515548E2F93B1C900F8DC" bold="true">e</emphasis>
eye;
<emphasis id="ECF60F3BE5AA27F7522CCD4A95ED97BE" bold="true">eg</emphasis>
egg;
<emphasis id="98256C47ADBA0197F7291F10BFB752AC" bold="true">egs</emphasis>
egg stalk;
<emphasis id="64DE698BCBF009652B5D9ADEA7B0CAA6" bold="true">ph</emphasis>
pharynx;
<emphasis id="0ABA9228500B982FC88D1ADCE1F6DA5A" bold="true">st</emphasis>
stylet;
<emphasis id="A4F6880183CDF78143F86496D5F60A49" bold="true">vi</emphasis>
vitellaria. Scale bars: 50 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="EFA23203DEA0DF24CCF9B1FBAD269AA6">
As noted by
<bibRefCitation id="C78509A90F4A0550FF809EF8B8FEE519" author="Luther A" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Fennica" pagination="1-337" refId="B60" refString="Luther A (1955) Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie. Acta Zoologica Fennica 87: 1337." title="Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie." volume="87" year="1955">Luther (1955)</bibRefCitation>
, identifying the male sclerotised apparatus in
<taxonomicName id="05B7D341CF78FF0FF996B1E0024C4F06" authorityName="Luther" authorityYear="1955" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Castrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="CBFDE7DC9EEBB4E65C6BF74B2025CA02" italics="true">C. alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is particularly challenging. In our study, we were able to distinguish a fully developed stylet in only three out of
<specimenCount id="633F52BEA859267B376F3C84535ACAE5" count="11" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
, while this structure was indistinguishable in the whole mounted material. The stylet in this species is generally delicate and, at first glance, appears underdeveloped. Consequently,
<bibRefCitation id="EADB355041903E06289525514A2FADAC" author="Luther A" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Fennica" pagination="1-337" refId="B60" refString="Luther A (1955) Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie. Acta Zoologica Fennica 87: 1337." title="Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie." volume="87" year="1955">Luther (1955)</bibRefCitation>
speculated that this species might be synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="25F5FF0BB96ABB5E38CA2A36FD7A2F02" authority="Beklemischev, 1921" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1921" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Castrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="vernalis">
<emphasis id="84D0B19248F740BC9381863F57327B43" italics="true">C. vernalis</emphasis>
Beklemischev, 1921
</taxonomicName>
. However, the newly studied material, which includes fully developed specimens, suggests that
<taxonomicName id="4F3A29C24EF3474E1147E0872484DE04" authorityName="Luther" authorityYear="1955" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Castrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="6939EB963EA28273814A38FAFD6F0154" italics="true">C. alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bears a closer resemblance to
<taxonomicName id="EDA64EA18913CD348CBBED1253B43337" authority="(Abildgaard, 1789) Sekera, 1906" authorityName="Sekera" authorityYear="1906" baseAuthorityName="Abildgaard" baseAuthorityYear="1789" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Castrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="truncata">
<emphasis id="17BE57958EAD6F873A0E7DBB4424DC90" italics="true">C. truncata</emphasis>
(Abildgaard, 1789) Sekera, 1906
</taxonomicName>
, as indicated by the stylet, which has a proximal handle and a distal spiny section with one spine more developed than the others. Nevertheless, our phylogenetic analysis confirms that
<taxonomicName id="9DB847C4EEA32680391003AA9EEEB462" authorityName="Luther" authorityYear="1955" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Castrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="2A8E76A2EB9D2041ED4DC586C0965FC6" italics="true">C. alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represents a distinct lineage from
<taxonomicName id="841032CF8C00DAEA63606180681E75FD" authorityName="Sekera" authorityYear="1906" baseAuthorityName="Abildgaard" baseAuthorityYear="1789" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Castrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="truncata">
<emphasis id="DB32AFD54086B31210795844BBF1B4AB" italics="true">C. truncata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see section Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses; Fig.
<figureCitation id="3A702544FDA1556C21C0B4DFCD593924" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Majority-rule consensus tree from the Bayesian analysis of the concatenated 18 S + 28 S rDNA dataset of Rhabdocoela. Branches with support values below the thresholds in the legend of the three analyses were collapsed. Support values are represented in the order of posterior probabilities / SH-aLRT / ultrafast bootstrap. Branches without symbols have pp = 1, SH-aLRT = 100, and UFboot = 100. Taxa from which new sequences were obtained for this study are highlighted in bold." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203029">16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
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<mods:title id="618D28F6B0B95A6CE129365036D7BB65">Little neighbours in Hamburg: free-living aquatic flatworms (Platyhelminthes)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="774F10CE09AF55E69DA65F44B9F9CAF8" ID-arpha="774F10CE-09AF-55E6-9DA6-5F44B9F9CAF8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:774F10CE09AF55E69DA65F44B9F9CAF8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/774F10CE09AF55E69DA65F44B9F9CAF8" scope_family="Dalyelliidae" scope_order="Rhabdocoela" scope_phylum="Platyhelminthes">
<subSubSection id="21AE025849443E06836F8F4BFFF3B04D" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="720C3789680C12B87FF4807F4D056249">
<taxonomicName id="C2475E024657DEF1D36860959A55DD3D" ID-CoL="6RHHN" authority="(Schmidt, 1862) Gieysztor, 1938" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dalytyphloplanida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="44C959766A19C51B884CACECB53F284A" italics="true">Microdalyellia armigera</emphasis>
(Schmidt, 1862) Gieysztor, 1938
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EA8AD71D4F7E0EF5CC02CCD696F70388" type="description">
<paragraph id="33B2970D2F054373E4AF146063FBFA21">
<figureCitation id="ED62094CBE65EA2594043C76B71EB542" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microdalyellia armigera. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B. Seminal and prostate vesicles; C F. Male stylet. e eye; eg egg; i intestine lumen; ph pharynx; pv prostate vesicle; st stylet; sv seminal vesicle; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203021">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETBCK" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="401758913C13886C70F724FD2AE595C8">
<heading id="059FF07B88D3B579164EEDC278C09AB1" reason="title">Known distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="50F8C3DB720160E626F441A270CF84E6">
This species has been broadly recorded in the
<collectingCountry id="19F72C1CD552856A96C12360A40FFBAD" name="United States of America">United States</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D3BDECFD6FE0D76D9140AF5C04C996F7" name="Iceland">Iceland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="5CBDF6BC219DCDE14364D415C0DE1145" name="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</collectingCountry>
, overall Europe (
<collectingCountry id="2772A429B96700D42719023DA06D11A0" name="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0FF7C194A71571C47D096205E51F01A9" name="Ireland">Ireland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="DE8ADEC2FF9F5813CAF6A78FE148D47A" name="Finland">Finland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="003F79B9DFEB83C826C5112C02750CFE" name="Belgium">Belgium</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="7B14712260D6640ACED475D772E24ED1" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="1B2EC9F2AB1981AD1A907D279BF39208" name="Austria">Austria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="47EDA6C0DEAD23577E89A62490A572DA" name="Switzerland">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="D3CD04F44D4FCA23DDA1382DA37C703C" name="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="2E93885090733014C2395E700279944E" name="Poland">Poland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="DABDFFE59F7B831B53D742830B134CB0" name="Romania">Romania</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="909CC8E2AEE50DC2E816FF750F6A224F" name="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="36406FB7EFA47CDDEE3D2BC8E9CAEB3A" name="Latvia">Latvia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="92AED190D5BCF739AF587E9F2D4B5B29" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="911278AE267204420DE59BCF06F07C65" name="France">France</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="BFA24A01DD2E311375C889743928C694" name="Spain">Spain</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingCountry id="493CF1223157528DC42EE8C2EDFF325C" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="DDE0696A77253F61831C23F5768497A4" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
. See a summary of this distribution and main references in
<bibRefCitation id="0C53CF1A641B0F59CCD39834606EDB0C" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2791.1.1" author="Van Steenkiste N &amp; Tessens B &amp; Krznaric K &amp; Artois T" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Van Steenkiste" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="1-29" refId="B118" refString="Van Steenkiste N, Tessens B, Krznaric K, Artois T (2011) Dalytyphloplanida (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) from Andalusia, Spain, with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 2791 (1): 129. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2791.1.1" title="Dalytyphloplanida (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) from Andalusia, Spain, with the description of four new species." volume="2791" year="2011">Van Steenkiste et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E4BCK" type="material">
<paragraph id="01EA6EB75B7FE1F7361A71E7BF934050">
<heading id="EBED3D801B3CD889E8D9BEF049756409" reason="title">Material.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C7570D5AD6F2FCDD31F9B709C9C63BD">
<specimenCount id="F9AB0EA2B6DFC3E2FC46EDFA03852CFD" count="1" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
studied alive and whole mounted (
<collectionCode id="AE62C694299E96B09DFE9CC0425402C9" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" type="Museum">ZMH</collectionCode>
13833), collected in Wandse river, submerged vegetation with organic matter,
<quantity id="7460F77884AAE9D1751371C833864E63" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="m" value="0.1">0.1 m</quantity>
deep.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ECCCK" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="65C122CF60E525B4F9397BF1230EE5E8">
<heading id="10AC1F13C7E4AE8EA07766D252B9E084" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA8B0FB4EC33015213AD55830FC8EE29">
Live animal about
<quantity id="876DEE3E6E39C483CF8A8DF85A0C3E6C" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, anterior margin rounded and posterior pointing, translucent, orange colouration due to parenchymal glands (Fig.
<figureCitation id="90ACB6E0056C188DFBDB5678C92ACDF1" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microdalyellia armigera. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B. Seminal and prostate vesicles; C F. Male stylet. e eye; eg egg; i intestine lumen; ph pharynx; pv prostate vesicle; st stylet; sv seminal vesicle; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203021">8 A</figureCitation>
). A pair (Fig.
<figureCitation id="47629411A9AD84640417809C04A60D2A" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microdalyellia armigera. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B. Seminal and prostate vesicles; C F. Male stylet. e eye; eg egg; i intestine lumen; ph pharynx; pv prostate vesicle; st stylet; sv seminal vesicle; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203021">8 A</figureCitation>
: e) of eyes anterior to the pharynx. Barrel-shaped pharynx (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EFA1236DB87AEDEF529241519A3019C9" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microdalyellia armigera. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B. Seminal and prostate vesicles; C F. Male stylet. e eye; eg egg; i intestine lumen; ph pharynx; pv prostate vesicle; st stylet; sv seminal vesicle; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203021">8 A</figureCitation>
: ph) 250 µm long. Testes located antero-lateral to the male copulatory bulb. This bulb encompasses a seminal vesicle (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A29850747A57C0141BE41180BE3DA7DF" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microdalyellia armigera. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B. Seminal and prostate vesicles; C F. Male stylet. e eye; eg egg; i intestine lumen; ph pharynx; pv prostate vesicle; st stylet; sv seminal vesicle; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203021">8 B</figureCitation>
: sv), a prostate vesicle (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9F01D68FB8F4BBF6CB698DDF0B00F6A8" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microdalyellia armigera. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B. Seminal and prostate vesicles; C F. Male stylet. e eye; eg egg; i intestine lumen; ph pharynx; pv prostate vesicle; st stylet; sv seminal vesicle; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203021">8 B</figureCitation>
: sv), and the stylet. The stylet (Fig.
<figureCitation id="68D6EC0BBD94743C8E4394232464ECDD" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microdalyellia armigera. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B. Seminal and prostate vesicles; C F. Male stylet. e eye; eg egg; i intestine lumen; ph pharynx; pv prostate vesicle; st stylet; sv seminal vesicle; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203021">8 C E</figureCitation>
: st) is 123 µm long, H-shaped as typical for species of
<taxonomicName id="C4EF06099E31CB66BAAF80F7952C8C6A" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="41216F0A19455BB4002177D12C68889F" italics="true">Microdalyellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. One arm carries five 17 - µm-long spines, and the other a single 58 - µm-long spine. The vitellaria (Fig.
<figureCitation id="24F960CE2919FAA68AA4AA9E230BFA10" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microdalyellia armigera. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B. Seminal and prostate vesicles; C F. Male stylet. e eye; eg egg; i intestine lumen; ph pharynx; pv prostate vesicle; st stylet; sv seminal vesicle; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203021">8 A</figureCitation>
: vi) run beside the pharynx until the posterior third of the body, fusing before opening into the oviduct. The oval egg is 140 µm long (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DE7C6EAFB1DD478E2BA6EF5D43C07894" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Microdalyellia armigera. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B. Seminal and prostate vesicles; C F. Male stylet. e eye; eg egg; i intestine lumen; ph pharynx; pv prostate vesicle; st stylet; sv seminal vesicle; vi vitellaria. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203021">8 A, C F</figureCitation>
: eg).
</paragraph>
<caption id="BA5B7F0E1F76F3A2C518F57942D6E558" ID-arpha="CE4D0C93-AB39-504E-9D8B-A97844460299" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203021" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="948A9B436A5D2429293B2707A7974920">
<label id="5778359BB93E2677BE21B3CC46C20441">Figure 8.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E407E9A12C4B03BD92FFC2F5A613FACC">
<taxonomicName id="E665BF1C13D7221BABD31878E66B693F" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="EA4C6282E89DB35EE58599ADA73D33E7" italics="true">Microdalyellia armigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="83B536A83DF8B08B94151318F8082059" bold="true">A.</emphasis>
Habitus of a swimming specimen;
<emphasis id="64BAFF1041FEF2782CA046EB5566D88B" bold="true">B.</emphasis>
Seminal and prostate vesicles;
<emphasis id="2DC17F781C5C0265B68208DC0BCF0FAA" bold="true">C F.</emphasis>
Male stylet.
<emphasis id="00D219CB7A860AE1920E1D06FB62F33F" bold="true">e</emphasis>
eye;
<emphasis id="F3193A9389AC559CDD3E3E72BCCD3683" bold="true">eg</emphasis>
egg;
<emphasis id="0CF472B26950DE6DE0358A324076B30B" bold="true">i</emphasis>
intestine lumen;
<emphasis id="A5EFA9C8A1298851EAFFE3DDC3487412" bold="true">ph</emphasis>
pharynx;
<emphasis id="A6E295B3817C45F98117CC06CE0E8035" bold="true">pv</emphasis>
prostate vesicle;
<emphasis id="D196D42C928FEF86FB81CA760CCF2E9E" bold="true">st</emphasis>
stylet;
<emphasis id="51F79028BE072458D1C6584158760650" bold="true">sv</emphasis>
seminal vesicle;
<emphasis id="899550E0B13BDB7E5B157AD34BEBB782" bold="true">vi</emphasis>
vitellaria. Scale bars: 100 μm (
<emphasis id="15B75209D7B1342EA6DC1A7EF60C846F" bold="true">A</emphasis>
); 50 μm (
<emphasis id="166686EEA49487B279F32CE8783AE9B4" bold="true">B F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C36D2B8FD640F97B2E67157D265D0225">
<taxonomicName id="C78E33310E7340DC072514EE2D88B43C" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="A7BD04E39CF9051DF91EF82B3531A7D7" italics="true">Microdalyellia armigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a high morphological variability of the male sclerotised stylet, the main character to differentiate species in most microturbellarians. However, it would not be surprising if this variability represents cryptic speciation, as suggested by our phylogenetic analysis (see section Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses; Fig.
<figureCitation id="08B81403D491024746B9B5C9A709E951" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Majority-rule consensus tree from the Bayesian analysis of the concatenated 18 S + 28 S rDNA dataset of Rhabdocoela. Branches with support values below the thresholds in the legend of the three analyses were collapsed. Support values are represented in the order of posterior probabilities / SH-aLRT / ultrafast bootstrap. Branches without symbols have pp = 1, SH-aLRT = 100, and UFboot = 100. Taxa from which new sequences were obtained for this study are highlighted in bold." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203029">16</figureCitation>
). For example, the specimens of
<taxonomicName id="017DC9B0B22BF5772F955828BE76C6CC" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="226650993DA33539723D8BB5927EF7E8" italics="true">M. armigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected by
<bibRefCitation id="E00A5C028B3C9A4D1E6D409986C7E747" author="Müller D &amp; Faubel A" firstAuthor="Muller" pagination="363-396" refId="B73" refString="Müller D, Faubel A (1993) The Turbellaria of the River Elbe Estuary. A faunistic analysis of oligohaline and limnic areas. Archiv für Hydrobiologie Suppl. 75: 363396." title="The Turbellaria of the River Elbe Estuary. A faunistic analysis of oligohaline and limnic areas. Archiv für Hydrobiologie Suppl." volume="75" year="1993">Müller and Faubel (1993)</bibRefCitation>
in the Elbe river present a stylet much larger than in our specimen (220 µm vs 123 µm respectively) and have 39 spines in one arm. The size of this structure in other North-European populations varies between 82 μm and 130 μm (
<bibRefCitation id="AD00A2A21B6875A86E0E6A7A5708387D" author="Luther" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Fennica" pagination="1-337" refId="B60" refString="Luther A (1955) Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie. Acta Zoologica Fennica 87: 1337." title="Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie." volume="87" year="1955">Luther 1955</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A4F539BD6C112260CA6CBF912D91D6DE" author="Rixen" firstAuthor="Rixen" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Archive für Hydrobiologie" pagination="464-538" refId="B93" refString="Rixen J-U (1961) Kleinturbellarien aus dem Litoral der Binnengewässer Schleswig-Holsteins. Archive für Hydrobiologie 57 (4): 464538." title="Kleinturbellarien aus dem Litoral der Binnengewässer Schleswig-Holsteins." volume="57" year="1961">Rixen 1961</bibRefCitation>
) and in specimens from
<collectingCountry id="216A02C1ED4B49E9E7743BAC1BF8C349" name="Spain">Spain</collectingCountry>
is 165 μm long (
<bibRefCitation id="DD375E4FF2BD7E87977840853EB40C6D" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2791.1.1" author="Van Steenkiste" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Van Steenkiste" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="1-29" refId="B118" refString="Van Steenkiste N, Tessens B, Krznaric K, Artois T (2011) Dalytyphloplanida (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) from Andalusia, Spain, with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 2791 (1): 129. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2791.1.1" title="Dalytyphloplanida (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) from Andalusia, Spain, with the description of four new species." volume="2791" year="2011">Van Steenkiste et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). In general the number of spines in both arms can be variable (see
<bibRefCitation id="CEAA8BB44AE23EAE23FECD7F1E8630BC" author="Luther" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Fennica" pagination="1-337" refId="B60" refString="Luther A (1955) Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie. Acta Zoologica Fennica 87: 1337." title="Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie." volume="87" year="1955">Luther 1955</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5BF804BC4C4C46900186B16CBACAE223" DOI="10.1002/iroh.19710560407" author="Bauchhenss" firstAuthor="Bauchhenss" journalOrPublisher="Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie" pagination="609-666" refId="B12" refString="Bauchhenss J (1971) Die Kleinturbellarien Frankens. Ein Beitrag zur Systematik und Ökologie der Turbellaria excl. Tricladida in Süddeutschland. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 56: 609666. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19710560407" title="Die Kleinturbellarien Frankens. Ein Beitrag zur Systematik und Ökologie der Turbellaria excl. Tricladida in Süddeutschland." volume="56" year="1971">Bauchhenss 1971</bibRefCitation>
) but commonly there is one arm with one spine and the other with 45 (
<bibRefCitation id="E323298944E4ED813086BAF49DEC6AF0" author="Muller and Faubel" firstAuthor="Muller" pagination="363-396" refId="B73" refString="Müller D, Faubel A (1993) The Turbellaria of the River Elbe Estuary. A faunistic analysis of oligohaline and limnic areas. Archiv für Hydrobiologie Suppl. 75: 363396." title="The Turbellaria of the River Elbe Estuary. A faunistic analysis of oligohaline and limnic areas. Archiv für Hydrobiologie Suppl." volume="75" year="1993">Müller and Faubel 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
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<mods:url id="CACB1C56F33842262756C59974B2A7A4">https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5550.1.13</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="76F171AD889B24AC3D37EC870AE31758">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6CE459CBEF8E40D17F5DE99401685745" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5550.1.13</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="303A95B17890B8483494A4A959850495" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="05EA6CEFEA2053493FE85DAAA5CBBFA6" type="Zenodo-Dep">14388263</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="A400917F8B52FFBCE4C11D54680BFC66" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A400917F8B52FFBCE4C11D54680BFC66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A400917F8B52FFBCE4C11D54680BFC66" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">
<subSubSection id="64B373E28B52FFBEE4C11D546C50F9B0" box="[151,364,1625,1651]" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2C1620698B52FFBEE4C11D546C50F9B0" blockId="1.[151,1436,1589,1832]" box="[151,364,1625,1651]" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">
Five
<taxonomicName id="EBA95BEA8B52FFBEE4851D576C50F9B0" authority="(Fowler 1943)" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[211,364,1625,1651]" family="Percophidae" genus="Matsubaraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="1EDDFC7B8B52FFBEE4851D576DCEF9B0" box="[211,242,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">M.</emphasis>
fusiformis
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="64B373E28B52FFBEE5201D5469A8F8E4" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2C1620698B52FFBEE5201D5469A8F8E4" blockId="1.[151,1436,1589,1832]" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">
samples were
<materialsCitation id="9CC12A348B52FFBEE64D1D546C20F923" collectingMethod="trawling" collectionCode="F" elevation="43" latitude="24.0364" location="offshore waters" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="119.8284" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" specimenCode="F18T1S1004" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Changhua County">
collected from the
<location id="297676B28B52FFBEE6AE1D546E94F9B0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A400917F8B52FFBCE4C11D54680BFC66:297676B28B52FFBEE6AE1D546E94F9B0" box="[760,936,1625,1651]" latitude="24.0364" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="119.8284" name="offshore waters" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" stateProvince="Changhua County">offshore waters</location>
of
<collectingRegion id="EE6DEE8B8B52FFBEE7821D54699FF9B0" box="[980,1187,1625,1651]" country="Taiwan" name="Changhua" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">Changhua County</collectingRegion>
.
<specimenCount id="3AAFEBE08B52FFBEE0E71D5469DCF9B0" box="[1201,1248,1625,1651]" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">One</specimenCount>
sample (sample code:
<specimenCode id="7C0F88128B52FFBEE48C1D706C51F954" box="[218,365,1661,1687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">F18T1S1004</specimenCode>
) was caught between 2 and 3 AM. The
<collectingMethod id="F5E8587E8B52FFBEE7751D706EBCF954" box="[803,896,1661,1687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">trawling</collectingMethod>
route was from
<geoCoordinate id="499D46AE8B52FFBEE0631D706988F95B" box="[1077,1204,1661,1688]" degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="0.351" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" precision="1" value="24.00585">24°0.351'N</geoCoordinate>
and
<geoCoordinate id="499D46AE8B52FFBEE0BF1D7068BDF954" box="[1257,1409,1661,1687]" degrees="119" direction="east" minutes="47.718" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" precision="1" value="119.7953">119°47.718'E</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate id="499D46AE8B52FFBEE4C11DAC6C2BF978" box="[151,279,1697,1723]" degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="2.184" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" precision="1" value="24.0364">24°2.184'N</geoCoordinate>
and
<geoCoordinate id="499D46AE8B52FFBEE51B1DAC6CDBF978" box="[333,487,1697,1723]" degrees="119" direction="east" minutes="49.704" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" precision="1" value="119.8284">119°49.704'E</geoCoordinate>
, the sampling area depth was approximately
<quantity id="EB518D8C8B52FFBEE7881DAC6951F978" box="[990,1133,1697,1724]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.275" metricValueMax="4.96" metricValueMin="3.59" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="42.75" valueMax="49.6" valueMin="35.9">
<elevation id="A784C75A8B52FFBEE7881DAC6951F978" box="[990,1133,1697,1724]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.275" metricValueMax="4.96" metricValueMin="3.59" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="42.75" valueMax="49.6" valueMin="35.9">35.949.6 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, and the water temperature was 28.5°
<collectorName id="815C45BF8B52FFBEE55E1DC86C20F923" box="[264,284,1733,1760]" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">C</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="9CC12A348B52FFBEE5721DC869A8F8E4" collectingMethod="trawling" collectionCode="UN" elevation="42" latitude="24.0388" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="119.855484" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" specimenCode="UN19T3S1012-1, UN19T3S1012-4" specimenCount="1">
The other four samples (sample codes:
<specimenCode id="7C0F88128B52FFBEE6811DC86EABF91C" box="[727,919,1733,1759]" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">UN19T3S1012-1</specimenCode>
<specimenCode id="7C0F88128B52FFBEE7F01DC86950F91C" box="[934,1132,1733,1759]" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">UN19T3S1012-4</specimenCode>
) were caught between 3:30 and 4:30 AM. The
<collectingMethod id="F5E8587E8B52FFBEE5211DE46CE8F8C0" box="[375,468,1769,1795]" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">trawling</collectingMethod>
route was from
<geoCoordinate id="499D46AE8B52FFBEE6CE1DE46E24F8C0" box="[664,792,1769,1795]" degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="0.279" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" precision="1" value="24.00465">24°0.279'N</geoCoordinate>
and
<geoCoordinate id="499D46AE8B52FFBEE7021DE46ED0F8C0" box="[852,1004,1769,1795]" degrees="119" direction="east" minutes="49.610" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" precision="1" value="119.826836">119°49.610'E</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate id="499D46AE8B52FFBEE0401DE469A9F8C0" box="[1046,1173,1769,1795]" degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="2.328" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" precision="1" value="24.0388">24°2.328'N</geoCoordinate>
and
<geoCoordinate id="499D46AE8B52FFBEE0841DE46850F8C7" box="[1234,1388,1769,1796]" degrees="119" direction="east" minutes="51.329" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" precision="1" value="119.855484">119°51.329'E</geoCoordinate>
, the sampling area depth was approximately
<quantity id="EB518D8C8B52FFBEE60D1C006FD6F8E4" box="[603,746,1805,1832]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.159999999999999" metricValueMax="4.79" metricValueMin="3.53" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="41.599999999999994" valueMax="47.9" valueMin="35.3">
<elevation id="A784C75A8B52FFBEE60D1C006FD6F8E4" box="[603,746,1805,1832]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.159999999999999" metricValueMax="4.79" metricValueMin="3.53" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" unit="m" value="41.599999999999994" valueMax="47.9" valueMin="35.3">35.347.9 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, and the water temperature was 29°C.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="64B373E28B52FFBCE4C11C43680BFC66" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" type="description">
<paragraph id="2C1620698B52FFBEE4C11C436CD0F8AB" blockId="1.[151,1437,1870,2041]" box="[151,492,1870,1896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">
<emphasis id="1EDDFC7B8B52FFBEE4C11C436CD0F8AB" box="[151,492,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">Morphological characteristics</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C1620698B52FFBEE4C11C7F685DF83B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1870,2041]" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">
<tableCitation id="612B15D28B52FFBEE4C11C7F6DD2F84F" box="[151,238,1906,1932]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,245,754,778]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Meristic and morphometric data of five Matsubaraea fusiformis samples collected from the offshore waters of Changhua County." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/78D670E18B51FFBDE4CE19FF6C40FCEC" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" tableUuid="78D670E18B51FFBDE4CE19FF6C40FCEC">Table 1</tableCitation>
presents the meristic and morphometric data of the five
<taxonomicName id="EBA95BEA8B52FFBEE7C71C7E6916F84F" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[913,1066,1906,1932]" family="Percophidae" genus="Matsubaraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="1EDDFC7B8B52FFBEE7C71C7E6E93F84F" box="[913,943,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">M.</emphasis>
fusiformis
</taxonomicName>
samples. A fresh sample of
<taxonomicName id="EBA95BEA8B52FFBEE1281C7E6C3BF873" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1943" family="Percophidae" genus="Matsubaraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="1EDDFC7B8B52FFBEE1281C7E6C3BF873" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">M. fusiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(code: UN19T3S1012-1) is depicted in
<figureCitation id="B4923CEC8B52FFBEE69E1C9B6E15F873" box="[712,809,1942,1968]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[152,255,646,670]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,622]" captionTargetId="figure-26@2.[151,1436,181,622]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Fresh sample of Matsubaraea fusiformis collected from the offshore waters of Changhua County. Sample code: UN19T3S1012-1; standard length: 55.59 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14388265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14388265/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="128">Figure 2</figureCitation>
. The samples wet weight ranged from
<quantity id="EB518D8C8B52FFBEE0891C9B6D94F816" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.998000000000001" metricValueMax="11.649000000000001" metricValueMin="4.3469999999999995" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" unit="g" value="0.7998" valueMax="1.1649" valueMin="0.4347">0.4347 to 1.1649 g</quantity>
. The standard length (SL) and total length were
<quantity id="EB518D8C8B52FFBEE69C1CB76EB5F816" box="[714,905,1978,2005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.88" metricValueMax="5.559" metricValueMin="4.201" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="48.8" valueMax="55.59" valueMin="42.01">42.0155.59 mm</quantity>
and
<quantity id="EB518D8C8B52FFBEE7961CB769BEF816" box="[960,1154,1978,2005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8134999999999994" metricValueMax="6.544" metricValueMin="5.083" pageId="1" pageNumber="128" unit="mm" value="58.135" valueMax="65.44" valueMin="50.83">50.8365.44 mm</quantity>
, respectively. Of the five samples, three were female fish, one was a male fish, and the remaining one (smallest sample) was unknown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="78D670E18B51FFBDE4CE198B6F57FD02" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14388265" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14388265" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14388265/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" startId="2.[152,255,646,670]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,622]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="2C1620698B51FFBDE4CE198B6F57FD02" blockId="2.[151,1437,646,706]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="1EDDFC7B8B51FFBDE4CE198B6C25FD5D" bold="true" box="[152,281,646,670]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Fresh sample of
<taxonomicName id="EBA95BEA8B51FFBDE59B198B6FFDFD5D" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[461,705,646,670]" family="Percophidae" genus="Matsubaraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="1EDDFC7B8B51FFBDE59B198B6FFDFD5D" box="[461,705,646,670]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Matsubaraea fusiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected from the offshore waters of Changhua County. Sample code: UN19T3S1012-1; standard length: 55.59 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="78D670E18B51FFBDE4CE19FF6C40FCEC" ID-Table-UUID="78D670E18B51FFBDE4CE19FF6C40FCEC" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/78D670E18B51FFBDE4CE19FF6C40FCEC" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" startId="2.[152,245,754,778]" targetBox="[163,1420,830,1977]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="2C1620698B51FFBDE4CE19FF6C40FCEC" blockId="2.[151,1437,754,815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="1EDDFC7B8B51FFBDE4CE19FF6C2CFCC9" bold="true" box="[152,272,754,778]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Meristic and morphometric data of five
<taxonomicName id="EBA95BEA8B51FFBDE69119FF6EFBFCC9" baseAuthorityName="Fowler" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[711,967,754,778]" family="Percophidae" genus="Matsubaraea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusiformis">
<emphasis id="1EDDFC7B8B51FFBDE69119FF6EFBFCC9" box="[711,967,754,778]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Matsubaraea fusiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
samples collected from the offshore waters of Changhua County.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2C1620698B51FFBDE4F518336876F87A" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<table id="5EA9D2C98B510040E4F5183368B0F87A" box="[163,1420,830,1977]" gridcols="6" gridrows="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F5183368B0FC95" box="[163,1420,830,854]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F518336C95FC95" box="[163,425,830,854]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Sample code</th>
<th id="D1484B578B510040E59918336F65FC95" box="[463,601,830,854]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">F18T1S004</th>
<th id="D1484B578B510040E62E18336E14FC95" box="[632,808,830,854]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">UN19T3S1012-1</th>
<th id="D1484B578B510040E71218336EC8FC95" box="[836,1012,830,854]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">UN19T3S1012-2</th>
<th id="D1484B578B510040E05918336983FC95" box="[1039,1215,830,854]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">UN19T3S1012-3</th>
<th id="D1484B578B510040E08A183368B0FC95" box="[1244,1420,830,854]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">UN19T3S1012-4</th>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F5186B68B0FCBD" box="[163,1420,870,894]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F5186B6C95FCBD" box="[163,425,870,894]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Sex</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E599186B6F65FCBD" box="[463,601,870,894]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Female</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E186B6E14FCBD" box="[632,808,870,894]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Female</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E712186B6EC8FCBD" box="[836,1012,870,894]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Male</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E059186B6983FCBD" box="[1039,1215,870,894]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Female</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A186B68B0FCBD" box="[1244,1420,870,894]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F5188368B0FC65" box="[163,1420,910,934]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F5188368B0FC65" box="[163,1420,910,934]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="1EDDFC7B8B51FFBDE4F518836C75FC65" bold="true" box="[163,329,910,934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Meristic counts</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F518BA68B0FC0C" box="[163,1420,951,975]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F518BA6C95FC0C" box="[163,425,951,975]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Dorsal-fin rays</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E59918BA6F65FC0C" box="[463,601,951,975]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">III-16</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E18BA6E14FC0C" box="[632,808,951,975]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">III-16</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E71218BA6EC8FC0C" box="[836,1012,951,975]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">III-17</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E05918BA6983FC0C" box="[1039,1215,951,975]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">III-17</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A18BA68B0FC0C" box="[1244,1420,951,975]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">II-16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F518D268B0FC34" box="[163,1420,991,1015]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F518D26C95FC34" box="[163,425,991,1015]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Anal-fin rays</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E59918D26F65FC34" box="[463,601,991,1015]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">26</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E18D26E14FC34" box="[632,808,991,1015]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">26</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E71218D26EC8FC34" box="[836,1012,991,1015]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">26</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E05918D26983FC34" box="[1039,1215,991,1015]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">26</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A18D268B0FC34" box="[1244,1420,991,1015]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">26</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51F0A68B0FBE3" box="[163,1420,1031,1056]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51F0A6C95FBE3" box="[163,425,1031,1056]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Pectoral-fin rays</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991F0A6F65FBE3" box="[463,601,1031,1056]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">16</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1F0A6E14FBE3" box="[632,808,1031,1056]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">16</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121F0A6EC8FBE3" box="[836,1012,1031,1056]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">16</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591F0A6983FBE3" box="[1039,1215,1031,1056]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">16</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1F0A68B0FBE3" box="[1244,1420,1031,1056]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51F2268B0FB8B" box="[163,1420,1071,1096]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51F226C95FB8B" box="[163,425,1071,1096]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Pelvic-fin rays</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991F226F65FB8B" box="[463,601,1071,1096]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">I-5</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1F226E14FB8B" box="[632,808,1071,1096]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">I-5</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121F226EC8FB8B" box="[836,1012,1071,1096]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">I-5</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591F226983FB8B" box="[1039,1215,1071,1096]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">I-5</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1F2268B0FB8B" box="[1244,1420,1071,1096]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">I-5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51F5568B0FBB3" box="[163,1420,1112,1136]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51F556C95FBB3" box="[163,425,1112,1136]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Pored lateral-line scales</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991F556F65FBB3" box="[463,601,1112,1136]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">35</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1F556E14FBB3" box="[632,808,1112,1136]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">36</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121F556EC8FBB3" box="[836,1012,1112,1136]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">36</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591F556983FBB3" box="[1039,1215,1112,1136]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">36</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1F5568B0FBB3" box="[1244,1420,1112,1136]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">36</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51F8D68B0FB5B" box="[163,1420,1152,1176]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51F8D6C95FB5B" box="[163,425,1152,1176]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Scales above lateral-line</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991F8D6F65FB5B" box="[463,601,1152,1176]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.5</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1F8D6E14FB5B" box="[632,808,1152,1176]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.5</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121F8D6EC8FB5B" box="[836,1012,1152,1176]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.5</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591F8D6983FB5B" box="[1039,1215,1152,1176]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.5</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1F8D68B0FB5B" box="[1244,1420,1152,1176]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51FA568B0FB03" box="[163,1420,1192,1216]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51FA56C95FB03" box="[163,425,1192,1216]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Scales below lateral-line</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991FA56F65FB03" box="[463,601,1192,1216]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">3.5</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1FA56E14FB03" box="[632,808,1192,1216]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">3.5</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121FA56EC8FB03" box="[836,1012,1192,1216]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">3.5</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591FA56983FB03" box="[1039,1215,1192,1216]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">3.5</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1FA568B0FB03" box="[1244,1420,1192,1216]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">3.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51FDD68B0FB2B" box="[163,1420,1232,1256]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51FDD68B0FB2B" box="[163,1420,1232,1256]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<emphasis id="1EDDFC7B8B51FFBDE4F51FDD6CD8FB2B" bold="true" box="[163,484,1232,1256]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Morphometric measurements</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51FF468B0FAD2" box="[163,1420,1273,1297]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51FF46C95FAD2" box="[163,425,1273,1297]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Wet weight</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991FF46F65FAD2" box="[463,601,1273,1297]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">0.9692</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1FF46E14FAD2" box="[632,808,1273,1297]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">1.1649</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121FF46EC8FAD2" box="[836,1012,1273,1297]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">0.61</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591FF46983FAD2" box="[1039,1215,1273,1297]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">0.9178</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1FF468B0FAD2" box="[1244,1420,1273,1297]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">0.4347</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51E2C68B0FAFA" box="[163,1420,1313,1337]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51E2C6C95FAFA" box="[163,425,1313,1337]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Standard length</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991E2C6F65FAFA" box="[463,601,1313,1337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">52.17</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1E2C6E14FAFA" box="[632,808,1313,1337]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">55.59</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121E2C6EC8FAFA" box="[836,1012,1313,1337]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">47.25</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591E2C6983FAFA" box="[1039,1215,1313,1337]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">51.03</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1E2C68B0FAFA" box="[1244,1420,1313,1337]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">42.01</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51E4468B0FAA2" box="[163,1420,1353,1377]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51E446C95FAA2" box="[163,425,1353,1377]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Total length</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991E446F65FAA2" box="[463,601,1353,1377]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">61.4</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1E446E14FAA2" box="[632,808,1353,1377]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">65.44</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121E446EC8FAA2" box="[836,1012,1353,1377]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">51.67</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591E446983FAA2" box="[1039,1215,1353,1377]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">59.29</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1E4468B0FAA2" box="[1244,1420,1353,1377]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">50.83</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51E7C68B0FA49" box="[163,1420,1393,1418]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51E7C6C95FA49" box="[163,425,1393,1418]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Body depth</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991E7C6F65FA49" box="[463,601,1393,1418]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">6.78</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1E7C6E14FA49" box="[632,808,1393,1418]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">7.32</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121E7C6EC8FA49" box="[836,1012,1393,1418]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">5.71</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591E7C6983FA49" box="[1039,1215,1393,1418]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">7.02</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1E7C68B0FA49" box="[1244,1420,1393,1418]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">4.57</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51E9468B0FA71" box="[163,1420,1433,1458]" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51E946C95FA71" box="[163,425,1433,1458]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Head length</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991E946F65FA71" box="[463,601,1433,1458]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">14.83</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1E946E14FA71" box="[632,808,1433,1458]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">14.9</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121E946EC8FA71" box="[836,1012,1433,1458]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">12.45</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591E946983FA71" box="[1039,1215,1433,1458]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">14.51</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1E9468B0FA71" box="[1244,1420,1433,1458]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">9.37</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51ECF68B0FA19" box="[163,1420,1474,1498]" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51ECF6C95FA19" box="[163,425,1474,1498]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Snout length</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991ECF6F65FA19" box="[463,601,1474,1498]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">3.4</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1ECF6E14FA19" box="[632,808,1474,1498]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">3.44</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121ECF6EC8FA19" box="[836,1012,1474,1498]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">3.07</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591ECF6983FA19" box="[1039,1215,1474,1498]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">3.37</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1ECF68B0FA19" box="[1244,1420,1474,1498]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.76</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51EE768B0F9C1" box="[163,1420,1514,1538]" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51EE76C95F9C1" box="[163,425,1514,1538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Orbit diameter</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991EE76F65F9C1" box="[463,601,1514,1538]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.66</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1EE76E14F9C1" box="[632,808,1514,1538]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.76</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121EE76EC8F9C1" box="[836,1012,1514,1538]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.32</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591EE76983F9C1" box="[1039,1215,1514,1538]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.6</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1EE768B0F9C1" box="[1244,1420,1514,1538]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.26</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51D1F68B0F9E9" box="[163,1420,1554,1578]" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51D1F6C95F9E9" box="[163,425,1554,1578]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Predorsal length</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991D1F6F65F9E9" box="[463,601,1554,1578]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">21.28</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1D1F6E14F9E9" box="[632,808,1554,1578]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">22.84</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121D1F6EC8F9E9" box="[836,1012,1554,1578]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">17.84</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591D1F6983F9E9" box="[1039,1215,1554,1578]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">21.27</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1D1F68B0F9E9" box="[1244,1420,1554,1578]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">16.04</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51D3768B0F990" box="[163,1420,1594,1619]" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51D376C95F990" box="[163,425,1594,1619]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Dorsal-fin base (I+II)</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991D376F65F990" box="[463,601,1594,1619]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">27.7</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1D376E14F990" box="[632,808,1594,1619]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">31.84</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121D376EC8F990" box="[836,1012,1594,1619]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">25.86</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591D376983F990" box="[1039,1215,1594,1619]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">26.94</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1D3768B0F990" box="[1244,1420,1594,1619]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">23.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51D6E68B0F9B8" box="[163,1420,1635,1659]" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51D6E6C95F9B8" box="[163,425,1635,1659]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">First dorsal-spine length</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991D6E6F65F9B8" box="[463,601,1635,1659]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">1.56 (broken)</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1D6E6E14F9B8" box="[632,808,1635,1659]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">3.84</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121D6E6EC8F9B8" box="[836,1012,1635,1659]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">4.02</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591D6E6983F9B8" box="[1039,1215,1635,1659]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">1.83 (broken)</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1D6E68B0F9B8" box="[1244,1420,1635,1659]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51D8668B0F904" box="[163,1420,1675,1735]" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51D866C95F904" box="[163,425,1675,1735]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Second dorsal -spine length</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991D866F65F904" box="[463,601,1675,1735]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">3.21</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1D866E14F904" box="[632,808,1675,1735]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">3.79</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121D866EC8F904" box="[836,1012,1675,1735]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">3.87</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591D866983F904" box="[1039,1215,1675,1735]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">3.01</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1D8668B0F904" box="[1244,1420,1675,1735]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.69</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51DDA68B0F92C" box="[163,1420,1751,1775]" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51DDA6C95F92C" box="[163,425,1751,1775]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Third dorsal -spine length</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991DDA6F65F92C" box="[463,601,1751,1775]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">3.09</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1DDA6E14F92C" box="[632,808,1751,1775]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.64</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121DDA6EC8F92C" box="[836,1012,1751,1775]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">3.6</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591DDA6983F92C" box="[1039,1215,1751,1775]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.79</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1DDA68B0F92C" box="[1244,1420,1751,1775]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51DF268B0F8DB" box="[163,1420,1791,1816]" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51DF26C95F8DB" box="[163,425,1791,1816]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Preanal length</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991DF26F65F8DB" box="[463,601,1791,1816]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">23.14</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1DF26E14F8DB" box="[632,808,1791,1816]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">24.09</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121DF26EC8F8DB" box="[836,1012,1791,1816]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">18.58</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591DF26983F8DB" box="[1039,1215,1791,1816]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">22.31</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1DF268B0F8DB" box="[1244,1420,1791,1816]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">17.59</td>
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<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51C2568B0F883" box="[163,1420,1832,1856]" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51C256C95F883" box="[163,425,1832,1856]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Anal-fin base</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991C256F65F883" box="[463,601,1832,1856]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">27.32</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1C256E14F883" box="[632,808,1832,1856]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">29.51</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121C256EC8F883" box="[836,1012,1832,1856]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">27.09</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591C256983F883" box="[1039,1215,1832,1856]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">27.16</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1C2568B0F883" box="[1244,1420,1832,1856]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">23.63</td>
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<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51C5D68B0F8AB" box="[163,1420,1872,1896]" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51C5D6C95F8AB" box="[163,425,1872,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Pectoral-fin length</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991C5D6F65F8AB" box="[463,601,1872,1896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">10.09</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1C5D6E14F8AB" box="[632,808,1872,1896]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">10.39</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121C5D6EC8F8AB" box="[836,1012,1872,1896]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">9.37</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591C5D6983F8AB" box="[1039,1215,1872,1896]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">9.98</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1C5D68B0F8AB" box="[1244,1420,1872,1896]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">8.69</td>
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<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51C7568B0F853" box="[163,1420,1912,1936]" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51C756C95F853" box="[163,425,1912,1936]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Caudal-peduncle depth</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991C756F65F853" box="[463,601,1912,1936]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.75</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1C756E14F853" box="[632,808,1912,1936]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.97</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121C756EC8F853" box="[836,1012,1912,1936]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.73</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591C756983F853" box="[1039,1215,1912,1936]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">2.74</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1C7568B0F853" box="[1244,1420,1912,1936]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">1.97</td>
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<tr id="9299222B8B510040E4F51CAD68B0F87A" box="[163,1420,1952,1977]" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<th id="D1484B578B510040E4F51CAD6C95F87A" box="[163,425,1952,1977]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">Caudal-peduncle length</th>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E5991CAD6F65F87A" box="[463,601,1952,1977]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">1.71</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E62E1CAD6E14F87A" box="[632,808,1952,1977]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">1.99</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E7121CAD6EC8F87A" box="[836,1012,1952,1977]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">1.58</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E0591CAD6983F87A" box="[1039,1215,1952,1977]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">1.56</td>
<td id="D1484B578B510040E08A1CAD68B0F87A" box="[1244,1420,1952,1977]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">0.79</td>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C1620698B51FFBDE4C11CCB6910F81D" blockId="2.[151,1068,1990,2014]" box="[151,1068,1990,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129">
<tableNote id="D14F21E78B51FFBDE4C11CCB6910F81D" box="[151,1068,1990,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="129" targetBox="[163,1420,830,1977]" targetPageId="2">The length is presented in millimeters (mm), and the weight is presented in grams (g).</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C1620698B50FFBCE4911B9A6C21FEA6" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">Each fish had a cylindrical head and body, two closely spaced eyes, a large mouth, a protruding snout, a gape extending behind the eyes, a lower jaw not protruding beyond the upper jaw, two dorsal fins, and one anal fin. The second dorsal fin exhibited a concave center and crotched-tip rays, except for the first ray. The fin rays were distributed as follows: IIIII+1617. The anal fin rays (total number: 26) had crotched tips. The pectoral fin had 16 rays, and the pelvic fin had I+5 rays. The lateral line scales (2.5 scales above and 3.5 scales below the line) had 35 or 36 pores.</paragraph>
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The average morphometric measurements were as follows: body depth,
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(SL: 10.88%13.76%); head length,
<quantity id="EB518D8C8B50FFBCE57E1A9E6CF0FE6E" box="[296,460,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2135" metricValueMax="1.49" metricValueMin="0.9369999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="12.135" valueMax="14.9" valueMin="9.37">9.3714.9 mm</quantity>
(SL: 22.3%28.43%); snout length,
<quantity id="EB518D8C8B50FFBCE73D1A9E6932FE6E" box="[875,1038,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0999999999999996" metricValueMax="3.44" metricValueMin="2.76" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="3.0999999999999996" valueMax="3.44" valueMin="2.76">2.763.44 mm</quantity>
(SL: 6.19%6.6%); orbit diameter,
<quantity id="EB518D8C8B50FFBCE4C11ABA6C03FE12" box="[151,319,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.51" metricValueMax="2.76" metricValueMin="2.26" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="2.51" valueMax="2.76" valueMin="2.26">2.262.76 mm</quantity>
(SL: 4.91%5.38%); predorsal length,
<quantity id="EB518D8C8B50FFBCE7581ABA6EEDFE12" box="[782,977,439,465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9439999999999997" metricValueMax="2.284" metricValueMin="1.6039999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="19.439999999999998" valueMax="22.84" valueMin="16.04">16.0422.84 mm</quantity>
(SL: 37.76%41.68%); dorsal fin base (first and second) length,
<quantity id="EB518D8C8B50FFBCE5951AD66F4BFE36" box="[451,631,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.752" metricValueMax="3.184" metricValueMin="2.32" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="27.52" valueMax="31.84" valueMin="23.2">23.231.84 mm</quantity>
(SL: 52.79%57.28%); first dorsal spine length (measured excluding the samples with a broken dorsal spine),
<quantity id="EB518D8C8B50FFBCE62A1AF26E29FDDA" box="[636,789,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.07" metricValueMax="3.84" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="3.07" valueMax="3.84" valueMin="2.3">2.33.84 mm</quantity>
(SL: 5.47%8.51%); second dorsal spine length,
<quantity id="EB518D8C8B50FFBCE10B1AF26DC0FDFE" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.24" metricValueMax="3.79" metricValueMin="2.69" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="3.24" valueMax="3.79" valueMin="2.69">2.69 3.79 mm</quantity>
(SL: 5.9%8.19%); third dorsal spine length (measured excluding UN19T3S1012-4),
<quantity id="EB518D8C8B50FFBCE09B192E685FFDFE" box="[1229,1379,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.12" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.64" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="3.12" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="2.64">2.643.6 mm</quantity>
(SL: 4.75%7.62%); preanal length,
<quantity id="EB518D8C8B50FFBCE5AE194B6F89FDA2" box="[504,693,582,609]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.084" metricValueMax="2.409" metricValueMin="1.759" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="20.84" valueMax="24.09" valueMin="17.59">17.5924.09 mm</quantity>
(SL: 39.32%43.72%); anal fin base length,
<quantity id="EB518D8C8B50FFBCE0F1194B6859FDA2" box="[1191,1381,582,609]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.657" metricValueMax="2.951" metricValueMin="2.363" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="26.57" valueMax="29.51" valueMin="23.63">23.6329.51 mm</quantity>
(SL: 52.37%57.33%); pectoral fin length,
<quantity id="EB518D8C8B50FFBCE61919666E3FFD46" box="[591,771,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.54" metricValueMax="10.39" metricValueMin="8.69" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="9.54" valueMax="10.39" valueMin="8.69">8.6910.39 mm</quantity>
(SL: 18.69%20.69%); caudal peduncle depth,
<quantity id="EB518D8C8B50FFBCE17A19666DFFFD6A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.47" metricValueMax="2.97" metricValueMin="1.97" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="2.47" valueMax="2.97" valueMin="1.97">1.972.97 mm</quantity>
(SL: 4.69%5.78%); and caudal peduncle length,
<quantity id="EB518D8C8B50FFBCE74319826E87FD6A" box="[789,955,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" metricValueMax="1.99" metricValueMin="0.79" pageId="3" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="1.39" valueMax="1.99" valueMin="0.79">0.791.99 mm</quantity>
(SL: 1.88%3.58%). The caudal fin was convex in shape. The tips of the pelvic fins did not reach the anus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C1620698B50FFBCE49119DA680BFC66" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="130">The fresh fish samples were milky white, particularly in the ventral region. A dark-brown netted pattern was observed on the dorsal body and each side (above the lateral line), extending till the caudal peduncle. A brown longitudinal band was observed below the lateral line. Dark-brown spots were noted on the head and the upper and lower jaws. A golden spot was observed at the end of the operculum. The pelvic fins were white. The dorsal, anal, and caudal fins had multiple interlaced brown and white spots. Furthermore, irregular brown spots were noted on the upper side of the pectoral fin rays (but not on the fin membrane). All fin membranes were transparent.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
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Key to species of
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</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="2F9BCBFAFFEFFD0DE419FA99FD77FACF" box="[567,644,1328,1354]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">China</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1F96D8E1FFEFFD0CE6B9FADCFA6FFE30" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="key">
<key id="231DDC5BFFEFFD0CE6B9FADCFA6FFE30" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEFFD0DE6B9FADCFDDEFA0E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1397,2035]" box="[151,557,1397,1419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEFFD0DE6B9FADCFDDEFA0E" box="[151,557,1397,1419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEFFD0DE6B9FADCFDDEFA0E" box="[151,557,1397,1419]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">1(10) Hind femur orange-red or reddish.</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEFFD0DE6B9FA3BFE3BFA2D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1397,2035]" box="[151,456,1426,1448]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEFFD0DE6B9FA3BFE3BFA2D" box="[151,456,1426,1448]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEFFD0DE6B9FA3BFE3BFA2D" box="[151,456,1426,1448]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">2(9) Tegmina rounded at tip.</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEFFD0DE6B9FA19FA6FFA43" blockId="2.[151,1437,1397,2035]" box="[151,1436,1456,1478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEFFD0DE6B9FA19FA6FFA43" box="[151,1436,1456,1478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEFFD0DE6B9FA19FA6FFA43" box="[151,1436,1456,1478]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
3(4) Anterior and posterior margins of pronotum slightly concave at center.................
<taxonomicName id="908CF0E9FFEFFD0DE27BFA19FA6FFA43" authority="Fu et Zheng" authorityName="Fu et Zheng" box="[1109,1436,1456,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pedopodisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcula">
<emphasis id="65F85778FFEFFD0DE27BFA19FAD1FA40" box="[1109,1314,1456,1477]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Pedopodisma furcula</emphasis>
Fu et Zheng
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEFFD0DE6B9FA64FC06FA66" blockId="2.[151,1437,1397,2035]" box="[151,1013,1485,1507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEFFD0DE6B9FA64FC06FA66" box="[151,1013,1485,1507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEFFD0DE6B9FA64FC06FA66" box="[151,1013,1485,1507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">4(3) Anterior margin of pronotum straight, posterior margin slightly concave centrally.</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEFFD0DE6B9FA43FA6EF985" blockId="2.[151,1437,1397,2035]" box="[151,1437,1514,1536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEFFD0DE6B9FA43FA6EF985" box="[151,1437,1514,1536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEFFD0DE6B9FA43FA6EF985" box="[151,1437,1514,1536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
5(6) Posterior margin of the abdominal tergite in male with furcula.................
<taxonomicName id="908CF0E9FFEFFD0DE5D1FA43FA6EF985" authority="Zheng et Chen" authorityName="Zheng et Chen" box="[1023,1437,1514,1536]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pedopodisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanxianensis">
<emphasis id="65F85778FFEFFD0DE5D1FA43FAFAF985" box="[1023,1289,1514,1536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Pedopodisma wanxianensis</emphasis>
Zheng et Chen
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEFFD0DE6B9F9A1FCA8F99B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1397,2035]" box="[151,859,1544,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEFFD0DE6B9F9A1FCA8F99B" box="[151,859,1544,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEFFD0DE6B9F9A1FCA8F99B" box="[151,859,1544,1566]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">6(5) Posterior margin of the abdominal tergite in male without furcula.</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEFFD0DE6B9F98CFA6EF9BE" blockId="2.[151,1437,1397,2035]" box="[151,1437,1573,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEFFD0DE6B9F98CFA6EF9BE" box="[151,1437,1573,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEFFD0DE6B9F98CFA6EF9BE" box="[151,1437,1573,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
7(8) Lower edge of cercus curved, upturned. Tip bluntly rounded........................
<taxonomicName id="908CF0E9FFEFFD0DE269F98CFA6EF9BE" authority="(Cheng)" baseAuthorityName="Cheng" box="[1095,1437,1573,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pedopodisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsinlingensis">
<emphasis id="65F85778FFEFFD0DE269F98CFABBF9BF" box="[1095,1352,1573,1594]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Pedopodisma tsinlingensis</emphasis>
(Cheng)
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEFFD0DE6B9F9EBFA6FF9DD" blockId="2.[151,1437,1397,2035]" box="[151,1436,1602,1624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEFFD0DE6B9F9EBFA6FF9DD" box="[151,1436,1602,1624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEFFD0DE6B9F9EBFA6FF9DD" box="[151,1436,1602,1624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
8(7) Cercus coronoid, inferior margin of the apical part protrudes at a sharp angle.............
<taxonomicName id="908CF0E9FFEFFD0DE248F9EBFA6FF9DD" authority="Zheng" authorityName="Zheng" box="[1126,1436,1602,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pedopodisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funiushana">
<emphasis id="65F85778FFEFFD0DE248F9EBFAAAF9D2" box="[1126,1369,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Pedopodisma funiushana</emphasis>
Zheng
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEFFD0DE6B9F9C9FA6FF9F0" blockId="2.[151,1437,1397,2035]" box="[151,1436,1632,1654]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEFFD0DE6B9F9C9FA6FF9F0" box="[151,1436,1632,1654]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEFFD0DE6B9F9C9FA6FF9F0" box="[151,1436,1632,1654]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
9(2) Tegmina pointed at tip.......................................................
<taxonomicName id="908CF0E9FFEFFD0DE277F9C9FA6FF9F0" authority="Huang" authorityName="Huang" authorityYear="1988" box="[1113,1436,1632,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pedopodisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epacroptera">
<emphasis id="65F85778FFEFFD0DE277F9C9FAA5F9F0" box="[1113,1366,1632,1653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Pedopodisma epacroptera</emphasis>
Huang
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEFFD0DE6B9F9D4FDBFF917" blockId="2.[151,1437,1397,2035]" box="[151,588,1661,1683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEFFD0DE6B9F9D4FDBFF917" box="[151,588,1661,1683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEFFD0DE6B9F9D4FDBFF917" box="[151,588,1661,1683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">10(1) Hind femur green or yellowish green.</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEFFD0DE6B9F933FC33F935" blockId="2.[151,1437,1397,2035]" box="[151,960,1690,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEFFD0DE6B9F933FC33F935" box="[151,960,1690,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEFFD0DE6B9F933FC33F935" box="[151,960,1690,1712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">11(22) Tegmina pointed at tip, not reaching the posterior margin of the mesonotum.</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEFFD0DE6B9F911FE47F94B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1397,2035]" box="[151,436,1720,1742]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEFFD0DE6B9F911FE47F94B" box="[151,436,1720,1742]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEFFD0DE6B9F911FE47F94B" box="[151,436,1720,1742]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">12(21) Male eyes prominent.</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEFFD0DE6B9F97CFA6EF96F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1397,2035]" box="[151,1437,1749,1771]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEFFD0DE6B9F97CFA6EF96F" box="[151,1437,1749,1771]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEFFD0DE6B9F97CFA6EF96F" box="[151,1437,1749,1771]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
13(14) Dorsal valves with distinct teeth on outer side................................
<taxonomicName id="908CF0E9FFEFFD0DE239F97CFA6EF96F" authority="Zheng et Ren" authorityName="Zheng et Ren" box="[1047,1437,1749,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pedopodisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chishuiensis">
<emphasis id="65F85778FFEFFD0DE239F97CFAE6F96F" box="[1047,1301,1749,1770]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Pedopodisma chishuiensis</emphasis>
Zheng et Ren
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEFFD0DE6B9F95BFD1BF88D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1397,2035]" box="[151,744,1778,1800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEFFD0DE6B9F95BFD1BF88D" box="[151,744,1778,1800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEFFD0DE6B9F95BFD1BF88D" box="[151,744,1778,1800]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">14(13) Dorsal valves with unconspicuous teeth on outer side.</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEFFD0DE6B9F8B9FCA8F8A3" blockId="2.[151,1437,1397,2035]" box="[151,859,1808,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEFFD0DE6B9F8B9FCA8F8A3" box="[151,859,1808,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEFFD0DE6B9F8B9FCA8F8A3" box="[151,859,1808,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">15(18) Posterior margin of the abdominal tergite in male without furcula.</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEFFD0DE6B9F884FA6FF832" blockId="2.[151,1437,1397,2035]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEFFD0DE6B9F884FA6FF832" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEFFD0DE6B9F884FA6FF832" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
16(17) Body size larger, length of body:
<specimenCount id="418A40E3FFEFFD0DE436F884FDDBF8C6" box="[536,552,1837,1859]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="male"></specimenCount>
<quantity id="9074268FFFEFFD0DE406F884FD40F8C6" box="[552,691,1837,1859]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.25" metricValueMin="2.15" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="22.5" valueMin="21.5">21.522.5mm</quantity>
,
<specimenCount id="418A40E3FFEFFD0DE492F884FD3BF8C6" box="[700,712,1837,1859]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="female"></specimenCount>
<quantity id="9074268FFFEFFD0DE4E9F884FCA5F8C6" box="[711,854,1837,1859]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.95" metricValueMin="2.45" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="mm" value="27.0" valueMax="29.5" valueMin="24.5">24.529.5mm</quantity>
; longitudinal diameter of eye is 1.8 times length of subocular groove
<specimenCount id="418A40E3FFEFFD0DE703F8E2FECAF8E5" box="[301,313,1867,1888]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="female"></specimenCount>
, 1.9 times
<specimenCount id="418A40E3FFEFFD0DE78EF8E3FE42F8E5" box="[416,433,1866,1888]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="male"></specimenCount>
; antennae length of a segment in the middle is about 3.0 times width; lateral lobe of pronotum at lower margin rounded at anterior corner, posterior corner obtusely angulate; cercus of male at lower margin relatively straight and epiphallus at lower margin deeply concaved, lophi small and cuspidal at the back end..........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="908CF0E9FFEFFD0DE58BF80BFAB5F83D" authority="Xie et Bai" authorityName="Xie et Bai" authorityYear="2024" box="[933,1350,1954,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pedopodisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuocangshanensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="65F85778FFEFFD0DE58BF80BFB2EF832" box="[933,1245,1954,1975]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">Pedopodisma kuocangshanensis</emphasis>
Xie et Bai
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="65F85778FFEFFD0DE37EF80BFA6FF832" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,1954,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7ECBEA03FFEFFD0DE37EF80BFA6FF832" box="[1360,1436,1954,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEFFD0CE6B9F869FA6EFF4E" blockId="2.[151,1437,1397,2035]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,437]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEFFD0CE6B9F869FA6EFF4E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEFFD0CE6B9F869FA6EFF4E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="2" pageNumber="145">
17(16) Body size small, length of body:
<specimenCount id="418A40E3FFEFFD0DE43AF869FDD6F853" box="[532,549,1984,2006]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="male"></specimenCount>
15.0
<quantity id="9074268FFFEFFD0DE473F869FD40F850" box="[605,691,1984,2006]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" unit="mm" value="15.5">15.5 mm</quantity>
,
<specimenCount id="418A40E3FFEFFD0DE492F869FD34F853" box="[700,711,1984,2006]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="female"></specimenCount>
22.523.0 mm; longitudinal diameter of eye is 1.5 times length of subocular groove
<specimenCount id="418A40E3FFEFFD0DE703F874FECAF877" box="[301,313,2013,2034]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="female"></specimenCount>
, 1.3 times
<specimenCount id="418A40E3FFEFFD0DE7B1F874FE43F876" box="[415,432,2013,2035]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="male"></specimenCount>
; antennae length of a segment in the middle is about 2.5 times
<specimenCount id="418A40E3FFEFFD0DE225F874FBEFF876" box="[1035,1052,2013,2035]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="male"></specimenCount>
, 1.8 times
<specimenCount id="418A40E3FFEFFD0DE2ABF874FB62F876" box="[1157,1169,2013,2035]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="145" type="female"></specimenCount>
; lateral lobe of pronotum at lower margin rounded arc-like at anterior corner; cercus of male at lower margin obtuse angular in the middle and epiphallus at lower margin shallowly concaved, lophi rod-like and top markedly enlarged.............
<taxonomicName id="908CF0E9FFEEFD0CE275FF1CFA6EFF4E" authority="(Zheng)" baseAuthorityName="Zheng" box="[1115,1437,181,203]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pedopodisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protrocula">
<emphasis id="65F85778FFEEFD0CE275FF1CFABAFF4F" box="[1115,1353,181,202]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Pedopodisma protrocula</emphasis>
(Zheng)
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEEFD0CE6B9FF7BFCCEFF6D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,437]" box="[151,829,210,232]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEEFD0CE6B9FF7BFCCEFF6D" box="[151,829,210,232]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEEFD0CE6B9FF7BFCCEFF6D" box="[151,829,210,232]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">18(15) Posterior margin of the abdominal tergite in male with furcula.</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEEFD0CE6B9FF59FA6FFE80" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,437]" box="[151,1436,239,261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEEFD0CE6B9FF59FA6FFE80" box="[151,1436,239,261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEEFD0CE6B9FF59FA6FFE80" box="[151,1436,239,261]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
19(20) Epiproct apical part with two short longitudinal carinae on both sides...........
<taxonomicName id="908CF0E9FFEEFD0CE5D1FF46FA6FFE80" authority="Wang et Li" authorityName="Wang et Li" box="[1023,1436,239,261]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pedopodisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shennongjiaensis">
<emphasis id="65F85778FFEEFD0CE5D1FF46FADFFE81" box="[1023,1324,239,260]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Pedopodisma shennongjiaensis</emphasis>
Wang et Li
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEEFD0CE6B9FEA4FA6EFEA7" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,437]" box="[151,1437,269,291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEEFD0CE6B9FEA4FA6EFEA7" box="[151,1437,269,291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEEFD0CE6B9FEA4FA6EFEA7" box="[151,1437,269,291]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
20(19) Epiproct apical part without two short longitudinal carinae on both sides..............
<taxonomicName id="908CF0E9FFEEFD0CE268FEA4FA6EFEA7" authority="Zheng et Ye" authorityName="Zheng et Ye" box="[1094,1437,269,291]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pedopodisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abaensis">
<emphasis id="65F85778FFEEFD0CE268FEA4FAD0FEA7" box="[1094,1315,269,290]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Pedopodisma abaensis</emphasis>
Zheng et Ye
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEEFD0CE6B9FE83FA6EFEC5" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,437]" box="[151,1437,298,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEEFD0CE6B9FE83FA6EFEC5" box="[151,1437,298,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEEFD0CE6B9FE83FA6EFEC5" box="[151,1437,298,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
21(12) Male eyes inconspicuous........................................................
<taxonomicName id="908CF0E9FFEEFD0CE250FE83FA6EFEC5" authority="(Yin)" baseAuthorityName="Yin" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1150,1437,298,320]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pedopodisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="emeiensis">
<emphasis id="65F85778FFEEFD0CE250FE83FA90FEC5" box="[1150,1379,298,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Pedopodisma emeiensis</emphasis>
(Yin)
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEEFD0CE6B9FEE1FBF8FED8" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,437]" box="[151,1035,327,349]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEEFD0CE6B9FEE1FBF8FED8" box="[151,1035,327,349]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEEFD0CE6B9FEE1FBF8FED8" box="[151,1035,327,349]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">22(11) Tegmina slender, reaching the posterior margin of mesonotum or wing tips rounded.</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEEFD0CE6B9FECCFA6EFE12" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEEFD0CE6B9FECCFA6EFE12" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEEFD0CE6B9FECCFA6EFE12" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
23(24) Tegmina slender, reaching the posterior margin of mesonotum. Cercus inwardly curved, bluent at apical part......................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="908CF0E9FFEEFD0CE266FE2BFA6EFE12" authority="(Huang)" baseAuthorityName="Huang" box="[1096,1437,386,407]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pedopodisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dolichypyga">
<emphasis id="65F85778FFEEFD0CE266FE2BFAB5FE12" box="[1096,1350,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Pedopodisma dolichypyga</emphasis>
(Huang)
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="57338B6AFFEEFD0CE6B9FE09FA6FFE30" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,437]" box="[151,1436,415,437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<keyLead id="EC7D285FFFEEFD0CE6B9FE09FA6FFE30" box="[151,1436,415,437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
<keyStep id="EC7893CFFFEEFD0CE6B9FE09FA6FFE30" box="[151,1436,415,437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">
24(23) Tegmina rounded. Cercus curve inward indistinctly, cuspidal at apical part....
<taxonomicName id="908CF0E9FFEEFD0CE5F2FE36FA6FFE30" authority="He, Mu et Wang" authorityName="He, Mu et Wang" box="[988,1436,415,437]" class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Pedopodisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="146" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuyanlingensis">
<emphasis id="65F85778FFEEFD0CE5F2FE36FB0AFE31" box="[988,1273,415,436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="146">Pedopodisma wuyanlingensis</emphasis>
He, Mu et Wang
</taxonomicName>
</keyStep>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
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<mods:title id="8C0E5BCC3B4D0EE8B8AED4DD490B465C">Little neighbours in Hamburg: free-living aquatic flatworms (Platyhelminthes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7568C2F930FED0F244034EF5E3247C19">Diez, Yander L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9AF719E6D7F2477440B5BFA851C9627C">Museum of Nature Hamburg Zoology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D- 20146, Hamburg, Germany &amp; Research Group Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Universitaire Campus Gebouw D, B- 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BC811ECE9396F273BEBA6E2AC8C7C377">Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="76B019B6EB963B8732CC586439222078">Museum of Nature Hamburg Zoology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D- 20146, Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="7341C07E180DA9D1158E770C0F964526">2024</mods:date>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="F879FB8EFC5D573EB0DF2AD8479879FF" ID-arpha="F879FB8E-FC5D-573E-B0DF-2AD8479879FF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F879FB8EFC5D573EB0DF2AD8479879FF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F879FB8EFC5D573EB0DF2AD8479879FF" scope_family="Dalyelliidae" scope_order="Rhabdocoela" scope_phylum="Platyhelminthes">
<subSubSection id="4E1060F0A25F237FE120DDE564F61EF3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F9B7A0E065BF11D21941043B96A74DA6">
<taxonomicName id="185FD0B00E55671AEAB1E58468AD3E3D" ID-CoL="42V42" authority="(Graff, 1882) Gieysztor, 1938" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1882" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dalytyphloplanida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schmidtii">
<emphasis id="4A50B579FB54FC6B107DE1B726495C45" italics="true">Microdalyellia schmidtii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="96611A65B3AF16230A23946E9CF3D040" author="Graff L v" journalOrPublisher="Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig" refId="B36" refString="Graff L v (1882) Monographie der Turbellarien. I. Rhabdocoelida. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 441 pp." title="Monographie der Turbellarien. I. Rhabdocoelida." year="1882">Graff, 1882</bibRefCitation>
) Gieysztor, 1938
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2BBA3C8C00595AD17E42DCA6E3AC374" type="description">
<paragraph id="6F40E316F622C782B3096EE8FC45FDCE">
<figureCitation id="A5E43C02096D8B20125EEBD4CB91D521" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Microdalyellia schmidtii. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B, C. Male atrial organs; D. Ovary; E, F. Male stylet. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203022">Figs 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B05BB5DCFDECF0DC8E87B8FF2ACD12C1" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Microdalyellia schmidtii. A F. Male stylet. Scale bars: 50 μm (A F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203023">10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGICK" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="307AB3162807A19C12C28D25E4429ECE">
<heading id="EA4A6419082102FB4B034AE4BC8DF5EC" reason="title">Known distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FDDB82BA9D7872F75F0183B1E8B93161">
Species with a known distribution in West Europe (
<collectingCountry id="35BD0ED6B27EE755EFC1CA82F99F6CE7" name="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="DB7C17C36A2FEED79D9C174465896516" name="Finland">Finland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="514CAF543E291066C78EE134C10068C1" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="D372BDBB2237B41F25B10EC1039CB872" name="Switzerland">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="4F4EEC3FE2EEE792AE9279BC00562F4A" author="Graff" firstAuthor="Graff" journalOrPublisher="Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig" refId="B36" refString="Graff L v (1882) Monographie der Turbellarien. I. Rhabdocoelida. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 441 pp." title="Monographie der Turbellarien. I. Rhabdocoelida." year="1882">Graff 1882</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E48F891F444ADDFDB6E33AE076E0BA91" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.1066" author="Graff" firstAuthor="Graff" journalOrPublisher="Friedländer und Sohn, Berlin" refId="B37" refString="Graff L v (1913) Das Tierreich: Turbellaria II. Rhabdocoelida (Vol. 35). Verlag von R. Friedländer und Sohn, Berlin, 484 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1066" title="Das Tierreich: Turbellaria II. Rhabdocoelida (Vol. 35). Verlag von R." year="1913">1913</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B80FA0A3A22C9AC33131B902F89D0CA2" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.26336" author="Fuhrmann" firstAuthor="Fuhrmann" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pagination="215-289" refId="B31" refString="Fuhrmann O (1894) Die Turbellarienfauna der Umgebung von Basel. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 2: 215289. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.26336" title="Die Turbellarienfauna der Umgebung von Basel." volume="2" year="1894">Fuhrmann 1894</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4D4319BB9F1CCA7AFF8055540FC635F5" author="Luther" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Fennica" pagination="1-337" refId="B60" refString="Luther A (1955) Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie. Acta Zoologica Fennica 87: 1337." title="Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie." volume="87" year="1955">Luther 1955</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="9BCD685F74945157A702F653239165B1" author="Rixen" firstAuthor="Rixen" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Archive für Hydrobiologie" pagination="464-538" refId="B93" refString="Rixen J-U (1961) Kleinturbellarien aus dem Litoral der Binnengewässer Schleswig-Holsteins. Archive für Hydrobiologie 57 (4): 464538." title="Kleinturbellarien aus dem Litoral der Binnengewässer Schleswig-Holsteins." volume="57" year="1961">Rixen 1961</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0611840424EEFFC4123C83536D7A765F" author="Young" firstAuthor="Young" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Archive für Hydrobiologie" pagination="210-241" refId="B121" refString="Young JO (1970) Britisch and Irish freshwater Microturbellaria: historical records, new records and a key for their identification. Archive für Hydrobiologie 67 (2): 210241." title="Britisch and Irish freshwater Microturbellaria: historical records, new records and a key for their identification." volume="67" year="1970">Young 1970</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="099B915B0B7CB6A56D3B6E0B3C42B36A" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5189DC11D28EEF45C7E54EEA054BCCDF" author="Nasonov" firstAuthor="Nasonov" issue="16-18" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de lAcademie des Sciences de lURSS" pagination="1039-1053" refId="B74" refString="Nasonov N (1919) Contributions a la faune des Turbellaria de la Russie. II III. Bulletin de lAcademie des Sciences de lURSS 13 (1618): 10391053." title="Contributions a la faune des Turbellaria de la Russie. II - III." volume="13" year="1919">Nasonov 1919</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="6576851DF31BD951FFF55AF400C6C6C6" author="Nasonov" firstAuthor="Nasonov" issue="9" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de lAcademie des Sciences de lURSS" pagination="817-836" refId="B75" refString="Nasonov N (1926) Die Turbellarienfauna des Leningrader Gouvernements. Bulletin de lAcademie des Sciences de lURSS 20 (9): 817836." title="Die Turbellarienfauna des Leningrader Gouvernements." volume="20" year="1926">1926</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EMJCK" type="material">
<paragraph id="54C602C8D4B8D0E8F7A4AE5E309845EC">
<heading id="BD99BE7368B53063651186735CAF2AD4" reason="title">Material.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60615BCE510B411B0F70CC2599F0D4D0">
Observations on eight live animals, five whole mounted afterwards (
<collectionCode id="DDC2AD8ED2D539601C15873452EC01F7" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" type="Museum">ZMH</collectionCode>
1383413838) and the other three preserved in absolute ethanol (two already sequenced for molecular analyses); collected in Wittenberg, Rissen, on tree holes filled with water and litter,
<quantity id="2EEDCAD1424179037367FE26E5CBD3EC" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="cm" value="35.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="20.0">2050 cm</quantity>
over the ground level.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERJCK" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="7C1DCC766D147864BFE8C2E0D5BBBD53">
<heading id="DE807288FD372F79DA0221AE598B7FC8" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2B5DE0CC5F137CE65B4189FAA5DFBA05">
Animals 7041010 µm long (
<emphasis id="A3925DF3582F480E82A1AF027AA47960" italics="true">x ̄</emphasis>
= 840 µm; n = 3), with a pair of eyes (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E2E6E6870131970B222F4B488B9785ED" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Microdalyellia schmidtii. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B, C. Male atrial organs; D. Ovary; E, F. Male stylet. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203022">9 A</figureCitation>
: e) anterior to the pharynx. The yellowish to orange colouration is due to parenchymal glands. The barrel-shaped pharynx (Fig.
<figureCitation id="36294876236D42C61044D20A7AEA0B0C" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Microdalyellia schmidtii. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B, C. Male atrial organs; D. Ovary; E, F. Male stylet. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203022">9 A</figureCitation>
: ph) is 231289 µm long (
<emphasis id="726E771C819A2C4B6102BC7FF82FD0FD" italics="true">x ̄</emphasis>
= 262 µm; n = 3), when the animal is not contracted.
</paragraph>
<caption id="ADA4D8F88C877EEEB4A5D7D8EDD74D3D" ID-arpha="CDA63F31-128B-5097-8D05-52A606D5175F" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203022" startId="F9">
<paragraph id="824D8C88A9160B70D9179CAD8B8D1642">
<label id="9D57043C997E2DD043FC0BBDE5B119CD">Figure 9.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BA04D1BEB12DD2821FF844108DDF812F">
<taxonomicName id="582C7BA99FAFD8F528975EBF0786C7E0" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1882" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schmidtii">
<emphasis id="E8DF16C1770188A2E4369194DC4B0F95" italics="true">Microdalyellia schmidtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="0696C0A1C0A0CAB3E398C24C27F59A9E" bold="true">A.</emphasis>
Habitus of a swimming specimen;
<emphasis id="F9898703167C7BB6FFA994F2C34DDDA5" bold="true">B, C.</emphasis>
Male atrial organs;
<emphasis id="74E96027960A88E0C38CE70CC85CBE18" bold="true">D.</emphasis>
Ovary;
<emphasis id="341FD48763773D77C7312DB23576BCD1" bold="true">E, F.</emphasis>
Male stylet. Scale bars: 100 μm (
<emphasis id="524ACCA3B33E2187335DEE44177320BF" bold="true">A</emphasis>
); 50 μm (
<emphasis id="8A6353EEF95DC4415B68013F7FB6093F" bold="true">B F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4A014A9D44FC33095B64AFEBA57B21AF">
The atrial organs are located in the posterior body third. The pair of testes (Fig.
<figureCitation id="1F82C5C06D8BDDF84238A906F8BB851A" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Microdalyellia schmidtii. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B, C. Male atrial organs; D. Ovary; E, F. Male stylet. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203022">9 B, C</figureCitation>
: t) is located beside the male copulatory organ. The copulatory organ encompasses a seminal vesicle (Fig.
<figureCitation id="AD571848F79737D4AF73E024D0BA5196" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Microdalyellia schmidtii. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B, C. Male atrial organs; D. Ovary; E, F. Male stylet. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203022">9 B, C</figureCitation>
: sv), a prostatic vesicle (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EC3F47DF23427AFDFB1BCB15E6988F32" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Microdalyellia schmidtii. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B, C. Male atrial organs; D. Ovary; E, F. Male stylet. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203022">9 B, C</figureCitation>
: pv), and the stylet. The stylet (Figs
<figureCitation id="1276929F59A6CDF29F602D1829FCD092" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Microdalyellia schmidtii. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B, C. Male atrial organs; D. Ovary; E, F. Male stylet. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203022">9 B, C</figureCitation>
: st, E, F, 10) is 147151 µm long (
<emphasis id="9C7352D40FA3D36C4BA3C2558C6DC3A9" italics="true">x ̄</emphasis>
= 149 µm; n = 4) and each arm is armed with a conical spine. The larger spine is 6475 µm long (
<emphasis id="C48F6C80732813B1857ADEA1D73087BB" italics="true">x ̄</emphasis>
= 69 µm; n = 4) and the smaller is 4852 µm long (
<emphasis id="9F008146274EDF2599C67A93FD1F7447" italics="true">x ̄</emphasis>
= 50 µm; n = 4), both with the distal tip bent outside and hook shaped. Each vitellarium (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6A6372035538CB19B6CEC14043DCDCCA" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Microdalyellia schmidtii. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B, C. Male atrial organs; D. Ovary; E, F. Male stylet. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203022">9 A</figureCitation>
: vi) runs beside the pharynx until the posterior third of the body, and fuses before entering the oviduct. The ovary (Fig.
<figureCitation id="47F7DEA17B35C7E6B2B4CBDF0E469C1D" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Microdalyellia schmidtii. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B, C. Male atrial organs; D. Ovary; E, F. Male stylet. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203022">9 D</figureCitation>
: ov) is 157212 µm long (
<emphasis id="05D5FF5177FE1389D5969738F0C1E66E" italics="true">x ̄</emphasis>
= 185 µm; n = 2). The distal most three oocytes are of similar size and organised in a row, the rest of the ovary is full of smaller oocytes with different degrees of development. The eggs (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EBF1F649D3600B9B5AF5793AC638D884" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Microdalyellia schmidtii. A. Habitus of a swimming specimen; B, C. Male atrial organs; D. Ovary; E, F. Male stylet. Scale bars: 100 μm (A); 50 μm (B F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203022">9 A</figureCitation>
: ov) are oval, 148206 µm long (
<emphasis id="0CB22656B7B619B33FC8516331421670" italics="true">x ̄</emphasis>
= 177 µm; n = 4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1BDE3437883E854604204B55FF61B94C">
Around 44 species of
<taxonomicName id="42B62BA81D1F51CF7E40949D04C8B805" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BDEB6CBCEE726DAEC9EC83B6542CA7EF" italics="true">Microdalyellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been recorded globally (
<bibRefCitation id="049042231C4FB622C4A6F120D57083E5" author="Tyler S &amp; Artois T &amp; Schilling S &amp; Hooge M &amp; Bush LF" refId="B114" refString="Tyler S, Artois T, Schilling S, Hooge M, Bush LF (20062024) World List of turbellarian worms: Acoelomorpha, Catenulida, Rhabditophora https://www.marinespecies.org/turbellarians/ [Accessed 09. 10. 2024]" url="https://www.marinespecies.org/turbellarians/">Tyler et al. 20062024</bibRefCitation>
). Among them,
<taxonomicName id="ED4BDE68130B5843D8A26CB8885ED3DA" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1882" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schmidtii">
<emphasis id="2712EB01CF9C07FD131A4F6CE80EAF2B" italics="true">M. schmidtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stands out as the only one possessing a single, funnel-shaped spine on each arm of the stylet, leading to its stylet being described as plow-shaped (
<bibRefCitation id="96358A5F3CB70DC7445A1E463CEDEDD2" author="Graff" firstAuthor="Graff" journalOrPublisher="Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig" refId="B36" refString="Graff L v (1882) Monographie der Turbellarien. I. Rhabdocoelida. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 441 pp." title="Monographie der Turbellarien. I. Rhabdocoelida." year="1882">Graff 1882</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6812977B0D4094BA52500A58E5139936" author="Luther" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Fennica" pagination="1-337" refId="B60" refString="Luther A (1955) Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie. Acta Zoologica Fennica 87: 1337." title="Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie." volume="87" year="1955">Luther 1955</bibRefCitation>
). However, doubts have been raised regarding the validity of this species due to its similarity to
<taxonomicName id="28865798A1ECE2C042AC2BE5D6B3A7F8" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="DAF490DCB4858CADFF12CA304E0B2A58" italics="true">M. armigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="980177D55A614876969073DA9727EE09" authorityName="Ruebush &amp; Hayes" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1915" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kupelwieseri">
<emphasis id="EBECFDD141E30BE45D7011F070D93A28" italics="true">M. kupelwieseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="35D716B44F8458BC522EBC8325710091" author="Meixner" firstAuthor="Meixner" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut zu Graz" pagination="460-588" refId="B71" refString="Meixner J (1915) Zur Turbellarienfauna der Ost-Alpen, insonderheit des Lunzer Seengebietes. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut zu Graz 10 (3): 460588." title="Zur Turbellarienfauna der Ost-Alpen, insonderheit des Lunzer Seengebietes." volume="10" year="1915">Meixner 1915</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="82CA105FD4AF43C770A1A7A73627F783" author="Ruebush and Hayes" firstAuthor="Ruebush" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pagination="136-152" refId="B97" refString="Ruebush TK, Hayes WJ (1939) The genus Dalyellia in America II. A new form from Tennessee and a discussion of the relationships within the genus. Zoologischer Anzeiger 128: 136152." title="The genus Dalyellia in America II. A new form from Tennessee and a discussion of the relationships within the genus." volume="128" year="1939">Ruebush and Hayes 1939</bibRefCitation>
). It has been suggested that
<taxonomicName id="A6B52776A3C89609ADE652CAB1CAA499" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1882" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schmidtii">
<emphasis id="7F1CA1CAC09D31007BE29DD7EBBD945C" italics="true">M. schmidtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="FD89BAAEAB620D8A00CE0DEE4A2C9680" authorityName="Ruebush &amp; Hayes" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1915" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kupelwieseri">
<emphasis id="1591507E766FB51950C1291112E5FFEC" italics="true">M. kupelwieseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be forms of
<taxonomicName id="C0A5BDC574CEFB608E29321D983607B3" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="2D79DF8737CD9FF999EB9EA86590508E" italics="true">M. armigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a greatly reduced number of spines (
<bibRefCitation id="ADD55FEFA7499CA482D14A4F58B2275C" author="Luther" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Fennica" pagination="1-337" refId="B60" refString="Luther A (1955) Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie. Acta Zoologica Fennica 87: 1337." title="Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie." volume="87" year="1955">Luther 1955</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="19CE78F79E840DCD43477C2EB2E44EDC" author="Young" firstAuthor="Young" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Archive für Hydrobiologie" pagination="210-241" refId="B121" refString="Young JO (1970) Britisch and Irish freshwater Microturbellaria: historical records, new records and a key for their identification. Archive für Hydrobiologie 67 (2): 210241." title="Britisch and Irish freshwater Microturbellaria: historical records, new records and a key for their identification." volume="67" year="1970">Young 1970</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D76FEB7A7F94558E33EF6AA7DAD7FF54">
<bibRefCitation id="E6C90496E6D4181E3A1F785D9C812A17" author="Nasonov" firstAuthor="Nasonov" issue="16-18" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de lAcademie des Sciences de lURSS" pagination="1039-1053" refId="B74" refString="Nasonov N (1919) Contributions a la faune des Turbellaria de la Russie. II III. Bulletin de lAcademie des Sciences de lURSS 13 (1618): 10391053." title="Contributions a la faune des Turbellaria de la Russie. II - III." volume="13" year="1919">Nasonov (1919</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="487671E25A565141FFECE352FA831144" author="Nasonov" firstAuthor="Nasonov" issue="9" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de lAcademie des Sciences de lURSS" pagination="817-836" refId="B75" refString="Nasonov N (1926) Die Turbellarienfauna des Leningrader Gouvernements. Bulletin de lAcademie des Sciences de lURSS 20 (9): 817836." title="Die Turbellarienfauna des Leningrader Gouvernements." volume="20" year="1926">1926</bibRefCitation>
) provides insight into the close relationship among the previously mentioned species, particularly in Russian populations. Some specimens of
<taxonomicName id="B392A7086A66C3EE915692CE03E1D0DC" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1882" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schmidtii">
<emphasis id="AF50192AA34AF4B330982846611B74B0" italics="true">M. schmidtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="4153120FB59807B6EC9EA8CAE8EA4F0C" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4EC619F324E0C2F9D192EEF61AC9D972" author="Nasonov" firstAuthor="Nasonov" issue="16-18" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de lAcademie des Sciences de lURSS" pagination="1039-1053" refId="B74" refString="Nasonov N (1919) Contributions a la faune des Turbellaria de la Russie. II III. Bulletin de lAcademie des Sciences de lURSS 13 (1618): 10391053." title="Contributions a la faune des Turbellaria de la Russie. II - III." volume="13" year="1919">Nasonov 1919</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 8) resemble
<taxonomicName id="2A512DA212495A7FACB751187A4D7948" authorityName="Ruebush &amp; Hayes" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1915" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kupelwieseri">
<emphasis id="C321CD1398EE15238BD62A859A39111B" italics="true">M. kupelwieseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to the presence of a few smaller spines alongside the main spine of one arm (see
<bibRefCitation id="2CC6C5CF97A92193D52DF6575D59CAF9" author="Meixner" firstAuthor="Meixner" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut zu Graz" pagination="460-588" refId="B71" refString="Meixner J (1915) Zur Turbellarienfauna der Ost-Alpen, insonderheit des Lunzer Seengebietes. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut zu Graz 10 (3): 460588." title="Zur Turbellarienfauna der Ost-Alpen, insonderheit des Lunzer Seengebietes." volume="10" year="1915">Meixner 1915</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7720204E95171632A87166137C74532B" author="Luther" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Fennica" pagination="1-337" refId="B60" refString="Luther A (1955) Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie. Acta Zoologica Fennica 87: 1337." title="Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie." volume="87" year="1955">Luther 1955</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="107E2FA24BD035B72AF422BF7F614E19" author="Young" firstAuthor="Young" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Archive für Hydrobiologie" pagination="210-241" refId="B121" refString="Young JO (1970) Britisch and Irish freshwater Microturbellaria: historical records, new records and a key for their identification. Archive für Hydrobiologie 67 (2): 210241." title="Britisch and Irish freshwater Microturbellaria: historical records, new records and a key for their identification." volume="67" year="1970">Young 1970</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<bibRefCitation id="834D112BF4DF30E88111C3A6231B1880" author="Nasonov N" firstAuthor="Nasonov" issue="9" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de lAcademie des Sciences de lURSS" pagination="817-836" refId="B75" refString="Nasonov N (1926) Die Turbellarienfauna des Leningrader Gouvernements. Bulletin de lAcademie des Sciences de lURSS 20 (9): 817836." title="Die Turbellarienfauna des Leningrader Gouvernements." volume="20" year="1926">Nasonov (1926)</bibRefCitation>
also recorded specimens of
<taxonomicName id="798D8C1B5364269AD1421E5F9AA0473E" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1882" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schmidtii">
<emphasis id="2FAE1FA881898C81CDC98E20E5D86AAE" italics="true">M. schmidtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a single spine per arm, some displaying transitional forms between extreme morphologies of
<taxonomicName id="9DD36484CAB761EC4997ED646F7F8663" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1882" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schmidtii">
<emphasis id="5AB210543E070B1808FD6D328710B542" italics="true">M. schmidtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BB870466DBD5D7145126846C9F5A18EC" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="C44D9E04BB223C924685107EF5E84F95" italics="true">M. armigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Nevertheless, populations of
<taxonomicName id="6F85B5A3324FE31FC11E18E1B70A11EC" authorityName="Ruebush &amp; Hayes" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1915" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kupelwieseri">
<emphasis id="198B4ED2AFD6EB87169C8E0F744BE5C2" italics="true">M. kupelwieseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="CD3EFBB71A906567A55D9B11B5DA84F8" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="192F7B331B2CDFBEBFB5AD14476BD9BC" author="Rixen" firstAuthor="Rixen" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Archive für Hydrobiologie" pagination="464-538" refId="B93" refString="Rixen J-U (1961) Kleinturbellarien aus dem Litoral der Binnengewässer Schleswig-Holsteins. Archive für Hydrobiologie 57 (4): 464538." title="Kleinturbellarien aus dem Litoral der Binnengewässer Schleswig-Holsteins." volume="57" year="1961">Rixen 1961</bibRefCitation>
), the
<collectingCountry id="5640C0D696B7660B84C89B9C65BCC6C3" name="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="48FF2188442C55217CFFEF482031333B" author="Young" firstAuthor="Young" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Archive für Hydrobiologie" pagination="210-241" refId="B121" refString="Young JO (1970) Britisch and Irish freshwater Microturbellaria: historical records, new records and a key for their identification. Archive für Hydrobiologie 67 (2): 210241." title="Britisch and Irish freshwater Microturbellaria: historical records, new records and a key for their identification." volume="67" year="1970">Young 1970</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="8028B19F833D9365572E75E9C1370EE2" name="Spain">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5B5CFB101FCAB627A6408C25B1E20883" DOI="10.3989/graellsia.1995.v51.i0.399" author="Farias F &amp; Gamo J &amp; Noreña-Janssen C" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pagination="93-100" refId="B29" refString="Farias F, Gamo J, Norena-Janssen C (1995) New records of microturbellarians in the Iberian Peninsula. Graellsia 51: 93 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / graellsia. 1995. v 51. i 0.399" title="New records of microturbellarians in the Iberian Peninsula." volume="51" year="1995">Farías et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
) show morphological convergence, with stylets measuring 100110 µm and carrying one spine in one arm and three in the other.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B4315DD705A92FE6C8C4F6B2B40FD63A">
The Hamburg population of
<taxonomicName id="B5F258F8F1493A29403C367D0F6D0C8C" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1882" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schmidtii">
<emphasis id="842AC3C614F5B14A847025AB9DFAD2AB" italics="true">M. schmidtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is notable for its significantly larger stylet (140 µm) compared to other recorded populations: 92 µm in the
<collectingCountry id="17892634BAFA25A5220F616CDF8E6AC6" name="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="227FEF8855BB822DEBBDB45B61D68416" author="Young" firstAuthor="Young" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Archive für Hydrobiologie" pagination="210-241" refId="B121" refString="Young JO (1970) Britisch and Irish freshwater Microturbellaria: historical records, new records and a key for their identification. Archive für Hydrobiologie 67 (2): 210241." title="Britisch and Irish freshwater Microturbellaria: historical records, new records and a key for their identification." volume="67" year="1970">Young 1970</bibRefCitation>
), 66 µm in
<collectingCountry id="1CB48B9A4348A7E98EDF6A93AC927655" name="Finland">Finland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D9A53C44DB6EBD3332F0A194AA5B2867" author="Luther" firstAuthor="Luther" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Fennica" pagination="1-337" refId="B60" refString="Luther A (1955) Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie. Acta Zoologica Fennica 87: 1337." title="Die Dalyelliiden (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela). Eine Monographie." volume="87" year="1955">Luther 1955</bibRefCitation>
), and 100 µm in
<collectingCountry id="BB16120637AEC19573FC21959CF755C6" name="Germany">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="FF0A2AAF5F7006D00AC41F14E49852D3" author="Rixen" firstAuthor="Rixen" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Archive für Hydrobiologie" pagination="464-538" refId="B93" refString="Rixen J-U (1961) Kleinturbellarien aus dem Litoral der Binnengewässer Schleswig-Holsteins. Archive für Hydrobiologie 57 (4): 464538." title="Kleinturbellarien aus dem Litoral der Binnengewässer Schleswig-Holsteins." volume="57" year="1961">Rixen 1961</bibRefCitation>
). Stylet sizes in
<taxonomicName id="441128D4C4BB2BD8A0EB1DFD4D302C1F" authorityName="Ruebush &amp; Hayes" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1915" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kupelwieseri">
<emphasis id="3BFDF13C051E044F7384392B55AD74E7" italics="true">M. kupelwieseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations are also smaller (100110 µm). The stylet in the new studied material l (
<collectionCode id="8A992F058CBF068129D084ED2F1424E9" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" type="Museum">ZMH</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber id="E713AC30B7148948354A12FB61E6F126" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V13848" type="EnaNcbi">
<collectionCode id="CE21F015E903003D0718BC23409FFC5C" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
13848
</accessionNumber>
<accessionNumber id="55BB384624B3C5181DE6D400CF5717FA" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V13856" type="EnaNcbi">
<collectionCode id="200F18470FA8A2B8EB6015D7356FC29F" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
13856
</accessionNumber>
) of
<taxonomicName id="9B91287BCE8C3F24954C4E2059CDA7B5" authorityName="Ruebush &amp; Hayes" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1915" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kupelwieseri">
<emphasis id="E99ED30F484B24F9D9EDC78D89DD82BF" italics="true">M. kupelwieseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations displays a triangular spine in the bridge linking the two branches of the stylet (Fig.
<figureCitation id="DC0DC39702B0E38D41FB231CB015BFDF" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Microdalyellia kupelwieseri. A F. Male stylet; D. Detail of the bridges spine; E F. Detail of the spiny branches. Scale bars: 50 μm (A F)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203024">11 B, D</figureCitation>
: sp), a structure lacking in both
<taxonomicName id="366822FB1819B6D0F58BFCF78D38AD59" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1882" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schmidtii">
<emphasis id="AE80DCE92510494707D20B8F4C9A2796" italics="true">M. schmidtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E7255F8B1F10EC15D4980550CBBD03ED" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="537670699162E068AD9376416A5786C7" italics="true">M. armigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition, one of the spiny arms of
<taxonomicName id="4E9CFADA35FCBD8A8F084ECC67A7F017" authorityName="Ruebush &amp; Hayes" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1915" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kupelwieseri">
<emphasis id="2E8F5321EE8B0949047F2F2A56939BCF" italics="true">M. kupelwieseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
carries three spines, whereas the number is always one in
<taxonomicName id="02C05AC5275B2022048BDA9B0758137E" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1882" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schmidtii">
<emphasis id="B6A4FD9F42CFE2E3CF9C454A9E607F7D" italics="true">M. schmidtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingRegion id="A330C29317433C67A3E52867CED76325" country="Germany" name="Hamburg">Hamburg</collectingRegion>
. We suspect, therefore, that the high similarity between the two species and the sympatric distribution of both in some localities, contributed with their misidentification. Indeed, the re-examination of
<specimenCount id="2AA002577ADB7DA85A8327F27EBD76E8" count="2" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
identified as
<taxonomicName id="ADD45686DEE51972A0314F5FE61A159D" authorityName="Ruebush &amp; Hayes" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1915" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kupelwieseri">
<emphasis id="4AE5DBC3D318BA0F9A3D1DE20C82BEF5" italics="true">M. kupelwieseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected in
<collectingCountry id="E11368601368C6569F28A3230BF23DD3" name="Belgium">Belgium</collectingCountry>
and stored in the reference collection of Hasselt University (VII. 4.20 and VII. 4.24) allowed their reclassification as
<taxonomicName id="08B08532ABADB38693AA94729C9DC954" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1882" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schmidtii">
<emphasis id="5C74D767BFC1AC35408E3E30DE33D54C" italics="true">M. schmidtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This action is made considering that their stylets lack a triangular spine in the bridge. A third specimen collected in
<collectingCountry id="B549DD662E9833444AAE05F470E000EA" name="Belgium">Belgium</collectingCountry>
, together the two previously mentioned, and sharing the same morphology, was included in the phylogenetic analysis by Van Steenkiste et al. (2013) and it clustered in our phylogeny with specimens of
<taxonomicName id="943291793CE14081DDC842D4A72FF697" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1882" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schmidtii">
<emphasis id="3FE52B7A89E3859B0F45814770560B82" italics="true">M. schmidtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected in Hamburg (see section Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses; Fig.
<figureCitation id="A2445DF4B3B8D1CEFDF7A80773D6B198" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Majority-rule consensus tree from the Bayesian analysis of the concatenated 18 S + 28 S rDNA dataset of Rhabdocoela. Branches with support values below the thresholds in the legend of the three analyses were collapsed. Support values are represented in the order of posterior probabilities / SH-aLRT / ultrafast bootstrap. Branches without symbols have pp = 1, SH-aLRT = 100, and UFboot = 100. Taxa from which new sequences were obtained for this study are highlighted in bold." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203029">16</figureCitation>
). These findings support that the presence or not, of a triangular spine in the stylets bridge is a diagnostic character for
<taxonomicName id="7F99B6C473151B73BEF282AD356A4B78" authorityName="Ruebush &amp; Hayes" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1915" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kupelwieseri">
<emphasis id="173D3314EC565750D09B3A52D2F82D6D" italics="true">M. kupelwieseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="554917F3BA74501D905CA3B088BD4692" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1882" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schmidtii">
<emphasis id="0AB5A9767D63FA4450793C6CF863622B" italics="true">M. schmidtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, respectively.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2CFF8A12846194D21D439778413E5C1E" ID-arpha="8ACF9ED5-7D1A-5CBA-8976-3FD34FFCB23D" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203023" startId="F10">
<paragraph id="375A3E686554B7A8C198D079A4EB076B">
<label id="E25829D143B14995D2A07F521629718A">Figure 10.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="04367D8DCDD15061254E25315B6608CA">
<taxonomicName id="E09B610DF816BB6AFA886623128BAF54" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1882" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schmidtii">
<emphasis id="199E14CA3CEDE1424DDDE5245C9473C1" italics="true">Microdalyellia schmidtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="C6128BFA2E505A4FED0F19126AF2B96D" bold="true">A F.</emphasis>
Male stylet. Scale bars: 50 μm (
<emphasis id="2AFA4BDD26FA790DCE26362E9A1C1836" bold="true">A F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="637519F8DCB11C7160992B2D8EA65312" ID-arpha="237BB904-341F-543C-8899-814922ABB703" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203024" startId="F11">
<paragraph id="CF0DA0DD1D50F668CF4E320A3125DE08">
<label id="5C166E3CF120752D5BEF322BB75A2F1A">Figure 11.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B029718AE5D0131BCF9072816942AE15">
<taxonomicName id="EF2CFEE7D6803AF0E4D2F4F4BED12274" authorityName="Ruebush &amp; Hayes" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1915" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kupelwieseri">
<emphasis id="720AE496E3AACD8E99429E694C49C1AE" italics="true">Microdalyellia kupelwieseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B77C9D34988EE5D0FE9D55F7368968BE" bold="true">A F.</emphasis>
Male stylet;
<emphasis id="FDD90C35952C1754DD13EA29314546E7" bold="true">D.</emphasis>
Detail of the bridges spine;
<emphasis id="BAB400EBF3FAD351514E2147A82C8C4F" bold="true">E F.</emphasis>
Detail of the spiny branches. Scale bars: 50 μm (
<emphasis id="16B6FCAC7E2A73455F726F0A6E3BEC1B" bold="true">A F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="0419937E9D53C76AFAD4FA638DE2056E">
Until now, the relationships among
<taxonomicName id="B971A878E665710ECC80B0DD8D23F92C" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="F8A7D6AB426B6B1D82E46AB5BF1A6E96" italics="true">M. armigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F795A0E615AF38CD68C299C99E947FE3" authorityName="Ruebush &amp; Hayes" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1915" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kupelwieseri">
<emphasis id="03C9BE511D0FB6E45FBDD7296450219A" italics="true">M. kupelwieseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="18BC9E867EF3D2ED1B33D82E4D87FEE0" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1882" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schmidtii">
<emphasis id="34934CAC48AFC88F40D01AD79FCCD5A7" italics="true">M. schmidtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the validity of the latter two species, remained unclear. However, it is suggested that the group
<taxonomicName id="F61B133A09356C55A2CE2AF19DE7D386" authorityName="Ruebush &amp; Hayes" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1915" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kupelwieseri">
<emphasis id="4DF24DBF7DD8622DD7D90AC9D0D65CB8" italics="true">M. kupelwieseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="FF41B46632B969D73114296ABC26E066" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1882" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schmidtii">
<emphasis id="B8C9B5E6CF7847F95000F44EDA0F792C" italics="true">schmidtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="DC70CDA7F758691DD2171FA9918F4407" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="BBB2532A8D263A36E137479EBC75057C" italics="true">M. armigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the reduced spine number in one arm, as well as the larger size of the single spines in
<taxonomicName id="F0C4B341FFE998499BB5D4E09D5A6E2D" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Graff" baseAuthorityYear="1882" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="schmidtii">
<emphasis id="7C4F61D82F7D109E369E2AA380D44399" italics="true">M. schmidtii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the main spines of
<taxonomicName id="EA188EE35229F9006C1CCD2368CED33B" authorityName="Ruebush &amp; Hayes" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Meixner" baseAuthorityYear="1915" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="kupelwieseri">
<emphasis id="80B7DBED205098B7650DC13A7DA31B82" italics="true">M. kupelwieseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
compared to those in
<taxonomicName id="DC43E8B851E10E9F0BF5F61F60EB475A" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="64C7299AABD6CD2C5296B6F6C7DE6C45" italics="true">M. armigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In this sense, our phylogenetic analysis contributed to clarify that the three species represent distinct lineages and support their validity. However,
<taxonomicName id="7B2726EB23B17EA8834E6DFB4C6C7588" authorityName="Gieysztor" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1862" family="Dalyelliidae" genus="Microdalyellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabdocoela" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="armigera">
<emphasis id="B4FF1090A9A72AE0075A9D903C5C7C46" italics="true">M. armigera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could represent a complex of cryptic species (see section Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses; Fig.
<figureCitation id="7703D806C425DCC8BEEEA5B2FBF5A90C" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Majority-rule consensus tree from the Bayesian analysis of the concatenated 18 S + 28 S rDNA dataset of Rhabdocoela. Branches with support values below the thresholds in the legend of the three analyses were collapsed. Support values are represented in the order of posterior probabilities / SH-aLRT / ultrafast bootstrap. Branches without symbols have pp = 1, SH-aLRT = 100, and UFboot = 100. Taxa from which new sequences were obtained for this study are highlighted in bold." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203029">16</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>