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<document id="1D3074E24966BB20BA8F6AC35A107C6A" ID-CLB-Dataset="305502" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.269.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d72904ef-2878-4451-b6e8-c75a52be68b0" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13651353" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1725381396144" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Prata, Eduardo Magalhães Borges, Carvalho, Rangel Batista De &amp; Vicentini, Alberto" docDate="2016" docId="03B69076820CFF99B8DFB610FDA4F7DE" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.269.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 269 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.269.3.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Pagamea spruceana Vicentini &amp; Prata 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="190" masterDocId="FF8FE80E820DFF9DB857B046FF95FFF4" masterDocTitle="Pagamea spruceana (Rubiaceae, Gaertnereae), a new species from flooded white-sand forests in the Upper Rio Negro region, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="192" masterPageNumber="186" pageNumber="187" updateTime="1732749118550" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="8083DBF03E2973115450D360CCE24877">Pagamea spruceana (Rubiaceae, Gaertnereae), a new species from flooded white-sand forests in the Upper Rio Negro region, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DE3C4CA584AF314338206171A58CC8DA">Prata, Eduardo Magalhães Borges</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="707508EE16C232B0E0DD6DECE0484FAC">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (Inpa), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Av. André Araújo, 2.936, 69067 - 375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="66334F414016F5BB1B0699ECCDDA21DF">Carvalho, Rangel Batista De</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="53276912FDA137CCA59DE56763ED43F7">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (Inpa), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Av. André Araújo, 2.936, 69067 - 375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="975791FF97583C0332115B134F6B76DE">Vicentini, Alberto</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D58CEFE3B3B8CD4AC8077C6AD91D716C">Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (Inpa), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Av. André Araújo, 2.936, 69067 - 375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="83971E37E0B32CF7EAE56091641CB65B">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="39A36868FB908BB58A2F1808CD6A3722">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8A73540D3F9297A3CC098FC9A3BAC270">2016-08-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C4FB4BD43102FE60DCF757F273389497">269</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="73ECE38BED3FCDA78CB86193BFE6C02D">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.269.3.2</mods:url>
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<treatment id="03B69076820CFF99B8DFB610FDA4F7DE" ID-GBIF-Taxon="247588462" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B69076820CFF99B8DFB610FDA4F7DE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B69076820CFF99B8DFB610FDA4F7DE" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" scope_family="Rubiaceae">
<subSubSection id="C30572EB820CFF9CB8DFB610FC88F99B" box="[136,797,1622,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA02160820CFF9CB8DFB610FC88F99B" blockId="1.[136,797,1622,1647]" box="[136,797,1622,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F5AE3820CFF9CB8DFB610FDADF99B" ID-CoL="4BZ7T" authority="Vicentini &amp; Prata" authorityName="Vicentini &amp; Prata" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,568,1622,1647]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pagamea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spruceana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820CFF9CB8DFB610FEFBF99B" box="[136,366,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">Pagamea spruceana</emphasis>
Vicentini &amp; Prata
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820CFF9CBA11B610FD0EF99B" box="[582,667,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2584009820CFF9CBA11B610FD0EF99B" box="[582,667,1622,1647]" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13243DE5820CFF9CBAFDB610FD62F99B" box="[682,759,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1541,1562]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,192,1512]" captionTargetId="figure-14@2.[151,1436,187,1513]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pagamea spruceana. A. Flowering branch. B. Fruiting branch. C. Functionally pistillate flower. D. Ovary with short style in a functionally staminate flower. E. Detail of leaf blade with puberulous margin. A and D from Carvalho 1612, B and E from Prata 1948, C from Prata 1960. Drawn by R. B. de Carvalho." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651357/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13243DE5820CFF9CBB52B610FC81F99B" box="[773,788,1622,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1731,1752]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,572,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-198@3.[151,1436,569,1705]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Pagamea spruceana.A. Leaf with revolute margin B. Detail of leaf blade with puberulous margin. C. Capitate inflorescences with buds and flowers. D. Inflorescence with fruits; main axis and cupules reddish orange and green, immature fruits. E. Inflorescence head and distal portion of peduncle. F. Ovary with long style in a functionally pistillate flower. G. Ovary with short style in a functionally staminate flower. H. Stem with dark brown bark. I. Individual of P. spruceana. J. Long-term inundated igapó at Piraiauara River, in the Upper Rio Negro region. Photos by E. Prata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651361/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30572EB820CFF9CB8DFB6E6FD59F92D" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA02160820CFF9CB8DFB6E6FD59F92D" blockId="1.[136,1451,1696,1753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820CFF9CB8DFB6E6FF2FF941" bold="true" box="[136,186,1696,1717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">Type</emphasis>
:—
<materialsCitation id="3B772B3D820CFF9CB88FB6E6FDD4F92D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4985304301" collectingDate="1987-11-02" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="C. Farney &amp; W. A. Rodrigues" country="Brazil" latitude="0.38333333" location="Rio Icana" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-67.55" municipality="Amazonas" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F30861F0820CFF9CB88FB6E6FE82F941" box="[216,279,1696,1717]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC4BB1A820CFF9CB948B6E6FE1DF941" box="[287,392,1696,1717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">Amazonas</collectingMunicipality>
: Mun.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC4BB1A820CFF9CB99CB6E6FD51F941" box="[459,708,1696,1717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">São Gabriel da Cachoeira</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EC077BB820CFF9CBA99B6E6FCB8F941" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B69076820CFF99B8DFB610FDA4F7DE:8EC077BB820CFF9CBA99B6E6FCB8F941" box="[718,813,1696,1717]" country="Brazil" latitude="0.38333333" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-67.55" municipality="Amazonas" name="Rio Icana" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">Rio Içana</location>
,
<location id="8EC077BB820CFF9CBB60B6E6FC5DF941" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B69076820CFF99B8DFB610FDA4F7DE:8EC077BB820CFF9CBB60B6E6FC5DF941" box="[823,968,1696,1717]" country="Brazil" latitude="0.38333333" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-67.55" municipality="Amazonas" name="Lago Jauacana" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">Lago Jauacanã</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B47A7820CFF9CBB85B6E6FB8AF941" box="[978,1055,1696,1717]" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" precision="925" value="0.38333333">0°23’ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B47A7820CFF9CBC7EB6E6FB13F941" box="[1065,1158,1696,1717]" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" precision="925" value="-67.55">67°33’ W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFA107A0820CFF9CBCC7B6E6FAD5F941" box="[1168,1344,1696,1717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" value="1987-11-02">
<collectingDate id="EFE5FE48820CFF9CBCC7B6E6FAD5F941" box="[1168,1344,1696,1717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" value="1987-11-02">2 November 1987</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820CFF9CBD1DB6E6FE34F92D" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">
<collectorName id="26EA44B6820CFF9CBD1DB6E6FA3EF941" box="[1354,1451,1696,1717]" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">C. Farney</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26EA44B6820CFF9CB881B682FEF9F92D" box="[214,364,1732,1753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">W.A. Rodrigues</collectorName>
1859
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="54A49FC2820CFF9CB9F9B682FD91F92D" box="[430,516,1732,1753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED0EB9A5820CFF9CBA5EB682FDD4F92D" box="[521,577,1732,1753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">INPA</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B772B3D820CFF9CBA1CB682FD54F92D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4985304313" box="[587,705,1732,1753]" collectingDate="1987-11-02" collectionCode="MO" collectorName="C. Farney &amp; W. A. Rodrigues" country="Brazil" latitude="0.38333333" location="Rio Icana" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-67.55" municipality="Amazonas" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="isotype">
<typeStatus id="54A49FC2820CFF9CBA1CB682FD05F92D" box="[587,656,1732,1753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED0EB9A5820CFF9CBAC1B682FD54F92D" box="[662,705,1732,1753]" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">MO</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30572EB820CFF9CB8DFB74CFC31F823" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA02160820CFF9CB8DFB74CFC31F823" blockId="1.[136,1452,1802,2079]" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F5AE3820CFF9CB8DFB74CFEE4F8D7" box="[136,369,1802,1827]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pagamea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spruceana">
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820CFF9CB8DFB74CFEE4F8D7" box="[136,369,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">Pagamea spruceana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from other functionally dioecious species of the genus by its capitate and puberulous inflorescences and narrowly elliptic leaf blades with revolute and puberulous margins, and is the only species known from long-term inundated
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820CFF9CB9E7B714FE6EF89F" box="[432,507,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">igapós</emphasis>
in the Amazon.
<taxonomicName id="4C1F5AE3820CFF9CBAE4B714FC0CF89F" box="[691,921,1874,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pagamea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spruceana">
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820CFF9CBAE4B714FC0CF89F" box="[691,921,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">Pagamea spruceana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C1F5AE3820CFF9CBC7CB714FB33F89F" box="[1067,1190,1874,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pagamea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capitata">
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820CFF9CBC7CB714FBA9F89F" box="[1067,1084,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820CFF9CBC1DB714FB33F89F" box="[1098,1190,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">capitata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the capitate inflorescence and leaves with revolute margins; the former can be distinguished from the latter by the elliptic leaf blades, acute or acuminate at apex (vs. ovate, strongly acuminate at apex in
<taxonomicName id="4C1F5AE3820CFF9CBB2CB7DCFC67F847" box="[891,1010,1946,1971]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pagamea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capitata">
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820CFF9CBB2CB7DCFC67F847" box="[891,1010,1946,1971]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">P. capitata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), caducous stipules (vs. persistent), and petioles and peduncles glabrous or puberulous (vs. densely pubescent).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30572EB820CFF9EB8EAB7A4FD3CFDD5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA02160820CFF9EB8EAB7A4FD3CFDD5" blockId="1.[136,1452,1802,2079]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1452,160,545]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="1" pageNumber="187">
Treelets
<quantity id="4CE78C85820CFF9CB948B7A4FEFDF80F" box="[287,360,2018,2043]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 m</quantity>
(4 ±
<quantity id="4CE78C85820CFF9CB9FFB7A4FE7EF80F" box="[424,491,2018,2043]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" unit="m" value="1.7">1.7 m</quantity>
) tall; stems
<quantity id="4CE78C85820CFF9CBA2FB7A4FD58F80F" box="[632,717,2018,2043]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="1.0">1–8 cm</quantity>
in diameter; outer bark brownish to darkish, slightly to strongly fissured longitudinally; branchlets brownish to darkish. Stipules sheathing, cylindrical with 4–8 apical setae,
<quantity id="4CE78C85820CFF9CBD15B840FA39F7EB" box="[1346,1452,2054,2079]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="187" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="5.0">5–14 mm</quantity>
(9.2 ±
<quantity id="4CE78C85820FFF9FB882B6D5FEBBF958" box="[213,302,1683,1708]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
) long, caducous or only the base persistent, usually puberulous. Leaves opposite, usually grouped at the terminal portion of growth units, some branchlets almost entirely composed (up to
<quantity id="4CE78C85820FFF9FBC34B6F1FB3EF924" box="[1123,1195,1719,1744]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="188" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
) of leaf scars; petioles
<quantity id="4CE78C85820FFF9FB8DFB69DFE9EF900" box="[136,267,1755,1780]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.395" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="0.59" pageId="2" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="13.95" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="5.9">5.9–22 mm</quantity>
(12.3 ±
<quantity id="4CE78C85820FFF9FB924B69DFE58F900" box="[371,461,1755,1780]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="3.7">3.7 mm</quantity>
) long, glabrous to densely puberulous; blades narrowly elliptic, 44–116 x
<quantity id="4CE78C85820FFF9FBD67B69DFA39F900" box="[1328,1452,1755,1780]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="24.5" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="12.0">12–37 mm</quantity>
(69 ± 16 x 21 ±
<quantity id="4CE78C85820FFF9FB902B6B9FE26F8EC" box="[341,435,1791,1816]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="5.7">5.7 mm</quantity>
), acute at base, acute or cuspidate at apex, coriaceous, glabrous to densely puberulous abaxially, glabrous adaxially, margin puberulous and usually revolute, midrib sparsely to densely puberulous abaxially and adaxially, venation eucamptodromous, veins arching, with 4–7 (5 ± 0.9) secondary veins on each side of midrib, densely puberulous abaxially and glabrous adaxially, with 0–6 domatia at axils of secondary veins. Breeding system functionally dioecious. Inflorescences capitate, peduncules
<quantity id="4CE78C85820FFF9FBB4AB7C9FC09F85C" box="[797,924,1935,1960]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.995" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="0.89" pageId="2" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="29.95" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="8.9">8.9–51 mm</quantity>
(32 ±
<quantity id="4CE78C85820FFF9FBBB5B7C9FBADF85C" box="[994,1080,1935,1960]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="9.7">9.7 mm</quantity>
) long, greenish or reddish orange at maturity, sparsely puberulous, the main axis 0–4(9) mm (
<quantity id="4CE78C85820FFF9FBB7CB7F5FC53F838" box="[811,966,1971,1996]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="3.15" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="3.1">3.1 ± 3.2 mm</quantity>
) long, secondary axis absent or very short. Flowers small, distylous, sessile. Calyces cup-shaped,
<quantity id="4CE78C85820FFF9FBAA2B791FCE8F804" box="[757,893,2007,2032]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="2.8" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="1.5">1.5–4.1 mm</quantity>
long, cream-colored or greenish, glabrous inside and glabrous or sparsely puberulous outside, 4-lobed,
<quantity id="4CE78C85820FFF9FBAB2B7BDFCFEF7E0" box="[741,875,2043,2068]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="0.3">0.3–2.2 mm</quantity>
(0.9 ±
<quantity id="4CE78C85820FFF9FBBECB7BDFB87F7E0" box="[955,1042,2043,2068]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
) long. Corolla campanulate,
<quantity id="4CE78C85820FFF9FBD01B7BDFA39F7E0" box="[1366,1452,2043,2068]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="188" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
long, cream-colored or greenish; tube glabrous inside; lobes 4, valvate,
<quantity id="4CE78C85820EFF9EBB9EB0E6FB98FF4D" box="[969,1037,160,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long, puberulous abaxially, densely pubescent adaxially with hairs usually longer at the base. Functionally staminate plants: Inflorescence with 30–40 (34.6) flowers; stamen 4, exserted, inserted at the base of the corolla tube, dorsifixed near the base; anthers oblong, ovary secondarily superior, 2-locular, non functional, ovules solitary in each locule, distally puberulous; style short, &lt;
<quantity id="4CE78C85820EFF9EB8F7B176FF6DFEBD" box="[160,248,304,329]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
, stigmatic lobes 2 appressed against each other, non-papillose, not receptive. Functionally pistillate plants: Inflorescence with 15–50 (26.6) flowers; stamen 4, exserted, inserted at the base of the corolla tube, dorsifixed near the base, non functional; anthers oblong, densely packed with raphides, lacking pollen grain; ovary secondarily superior, 2- locular, ovules solitary in each locule, distally puberulous; style long,&gt;
<quantity id="4CE78C85820EFF9EBBFDB1DAFC7EFE41" box="[938,1003,412,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
long, stigmatic lobes 2, open, papillose, receptive. Cupule 2.4–5.4 x
<quantity id="4CE78C85820EFF9EB996B186FDD2FE2D" box="[449,583,448,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" metricValueMax="7.7" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="5.9" valueMax="7.7" valueMin="4.1">4.1–7.7 mm</quantity>
(4 ± 1.5 x 5.6 ±
<quantity id="4CE78C85820EFF9EBAACB186FCC1FE2D" box="[763,852,448,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
), reddish orange, glabrous inside, glabrescent outside. Fruits a fleshy drupe, ellipsoid, 5.2–8.7 x
<quantity id="4CE78C85820EFF9EBA34B1A2FD7EFE09" box="[611,747,484,509]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="4.9" valueMax="5.6" valueMin="4.2">4.2–5.6 mm</quantity>
(7.1 ± 1.5 x 5 ±
<quantity id="4CE78C85820EFF9EBBF9B1A2FB9CFE09" box="[942,1033,484,509]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="189" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
), black, basal portion included in the cupule. Pyrene 2, hard, obdeltoid, single-seeded.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6071E8820FFF9FB8DFB643FDF1F996" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651357" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13651357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651357/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="188" startId="2.[136,229,1541,1562]" targetBox="[163,1436,192,1512]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA02160820FFF9FB8DFB643FDF1F996" blockId="2.[136,1452,1541,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820FFF9FB8DFB643FF62F9EE" bold="true" box="[136,247,1541,1562]" pageId="2" pageNumber="188">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820FFF9FB954B643FE5AF9EE" box="[259,463,1541,1562]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="188">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F5AE3820FFF9FB954B643FE5EF9EE" box="[259,459,1541,1562]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pagamea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spruceana">Pagamea spruceana</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A. Flowering branch. B. Fruiting branch. C. Functionally pistillate flower. D. Ovary with short style in a functionally staminate flower. E. Detail of leaf blade with puberulous margin. A and D from
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820FFF9FBC44B66FFB31F9CA" box="[1043,1188,1577,1598]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="188">Carvalho 1612</emphasis>
, B and E from
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820FFF9FBD6EB66FFA30F9CA" box="[1337,1445,1577,1598]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="188">Prata 1948</emphasis>
, C from
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820FFF9FB884B60BFEAAF996" box="[211,319,1613,1634]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="188">Prata 1960</emphasis>
. Drawn by R. B. de Carvalho.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6071E8820EFF9EB8DFB685FDA2F89C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651361" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13651361" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651361/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="189" startId="3.[136,229,1731,1752]" targetBox="[151,1436,572,1702]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA02160820EFF9EB8DFB685FDA2F89C" blockId="3.[136,1451,1731,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820EFF9EB8DFB685FF62F92C" bold="true" box="[136,247,1731,1752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="189">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820EFF9EB955B685FE58F92C" box="[258,461,1731,1752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicName id="4C1F5AE3820EFF9EB955B685FE5CF92C" box="[258,457,1731,1752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pagamea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spruceana">Pagamea spruceana</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
A. Leaf with revolute margin B. Detail of leaf blade with puberulous margin. C. Capitate inflorescences with buds and flowers. D. Inflorescence with fruits; main axis and cupules reddish orange and green, immature fruits. E. Inflorescence head and distal portion of peduncle. F. Ovary with long style in a functionally pistillate flower. G. Ovary with short style in a functionally staminate flower. H. Stem with dark brown bark. I. Individual of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F5AE3820EFF9EBB55B769FC14F8B0" box="[770,897,1839,1860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pagamea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="189" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spruceana">
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820EFF9EBB55B769FC84F8B0" box="[770,785,1839,1860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="189">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820EFF9EBB4AB769FC14F8B0" box="[797,897,1839,1860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="189">spruceana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. J. Long-term inundated
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820EFF9EBC21B769FB38F8B0" box="[1142,1197,1839,1860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="189">igapó</emphasis>
at Piraiauara River, in the Upper Rio Negro region. Photos by E. Prata.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30572EB820EFF9EB8EAB7DEFCD1F80D" pageId="3" pageNumber="189" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA02160820EFF9EB8EAB7DEFCD1F80D" blockId="3.[136,1451,1944,2041]" pageId="3" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820EFF9EB8EAB7DEFD9DF845" bold="true" box="[189,520,1944,1969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="189">Distribution and habitat:—</emphasis>
This species is known from the Içana and Uaupés Rivers Basins in the Upper Rio Negro region (
<figureCitation id="13243DE5820EFF9EB97DB7FAFE1EF821" box="[298,395,1980,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1096,1117]" captionTargetBox="[175,1414,190,1070]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[170,1417,190,1071]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Distribution map of Pagamea spruceana Vicentini &amp; Prata (red stars), P. capitata (empty circles), P. pilosa (gray circles), and all Pagamea collections (small circles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651366/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="189">Figure 3</figureCitation>
), State of Amazonas,
<collectingCountry id="F30861F0820EFF9EBA28B7FAFD52F821" box="[639,711,1980,2005]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="189">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. It occurs in open vegetation or low forests in long-term inundated white-sand habitats on the margin of lakes and rivers (
<emphasis id="B96BFD72820EFF9EBABFB7A6FCBDF80D" box="[744,808,2016,2041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="189">igapó</emphasis>
s).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6071E88209FF99B8DFB40EFDB8FB75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13651366" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13651366" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13651366/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" startId="4.[136,229,1096,1117]" targetBox="[175,1414,190,1070]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA021608209FF99B8DFB40EFDB8FB75" blockId="4.[136,1452,1096,1153]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99B8DFB40EFF6CFBA9" bold="true" box="[136,249,1096,1117]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F5AE38209FF99B99AB40EFCD0FBA9" authority="Vicentini &amp; Prata" authorityName="Vicentini &amp; Prata" box="[461,837,1096,1117]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pagamea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spruceana">
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99B99AB40EFD06FBA9" box="[461,659,1096,1117]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">Pagamea spruceana</emphasis>
Vicentini &amp; Prata
</taxonomicName>
(red stars),
<taxonomicName id="4C1F5AE38209FF99BBEBB40EFBB1FBA9" box="[956,1060,1096,1117]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pagamea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="capitata">
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99BBEBB40EFBB1FBA9" box="[956,1060,1096,1117]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">P. capitata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(empty circles),
<taxonomicName id="4C1F5AE38209FF99BC9DB40EFA8BFBA9" authorityName="Steyermark" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Standley" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1226,1310,1096,1117]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pagamea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosa">
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99BC9DB40EFA8BFBA9" box="[1226,1310,1096,1117]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">P. pilosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(gray circles), and all
<taxonomicName id="4C1F5AE38209FF99B898B42AFEBFFB75" authorityName="Aublet" authorityYear="1775" box="[207,298,1132,1153]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pagamea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99B898B42AFEBFFB75" box="[207,298,1132,1153]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">Pagamea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collections (small circles).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30572EB8209FF99B8EAB4F7FD4CFB1A" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA021608209FF99B8EAB4F7FD4CFB1A" blockId="4.[136,1455,1201,2090]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99B8EAB4F7FE4AFB3E" bold="true" box="[189,479,1201,1226]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">Flowering and fruiting:</emphasis>
—Flowering plants were found in June and fruiting specimens (some with few old flowers) were collected in November and December.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30572EB8209FF99B8EAB4BFFAD3FA8A" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BA021608209FF99B8EAB4BFFAD3FA8A" blockId="4.[136,1455,1201,2090]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99B8EAB4BFFE2DFAE6" bold="true" box="[189,440,1273,1298]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">Conservation status:</emphasis>
—The geographical distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F5AE38209FF99BB01B4BFFBAAFAE6" box="[854,1087,1273,1298]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pagamea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spruceana">
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99BB01B4BFFBAAFAE6" box="[854,1087,1273,1298]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">Pagamea spruceana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
corresponds to one of the less threatened regions in the Brazilian Amazon, which is mostly protected by the Brazilian laws (Protected Areas and Indigenous Territories according to
<bibRefCitation id="EF8E5C918209FF99BA4DB507FCE4FAAE" author="Instituto Socioambiental" box="[538,881,1345,1370]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" refId="ref4278" refString="Instituto Socioambiental (2016) Amazonia 2015 - Protected Areas and Indigenous Territories. RAISG - Amazon Geo-Referenced Socio- Environmental Information Network. Available from: http: // www. raisg. socioambiental. org (accessed 18 July 2016)" type="url" year="2016">Instituto Socioambiental 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C1F5AE38209FF99BBD3B507FBFFFAAE" box="[900,1130,1345,1370]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pagamea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spruceana">
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99BBD3B507FBFFFAAE" box="[900,1130,1345,1370]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">Pagamea spruceana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can therefore be assessed as Least Concern (LC) according to IUCN categories and criteria (IUCN 2015), despite its narrow distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30572EB8209FF99B8EAB5CFFB19FA32" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA021608209FF99B8EAB5CFFB19FA32" blockId="4.[136,1455,1201,2090]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99B8EAB5CFFEDDFA56" bold="true" box="[189,328,1417,1442]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">Etymology:</emphasis>
—The specific epithet is dedicated to Richard Spruce (1817–1983). Although Spruce has never collected this species, he made many collections and described several species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1F5AE38209FF99BC4CB5EBFB10FA32" authorityName="Aublet" authorityYear="1775" box="[1051,1157,1453,1478]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Pagamea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99BC4CB5EBFB10FA32" box="[1051,1157,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">Pagamea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30572EB8209FF99B8EAB597FDA4F7DE" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA021608209FF99B8EAB597FDA4F7DE" blockId="4.[136,1455,1201,2090]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">
<materialsCitation id="3B772B3D8209FF99B8EAB597FBA5F9FA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4985304314" collectingDate="1932-11-02" collectionCode="F" collectorName="A. Ducke" country="Brazil" elevation="94" latitude="1.6166667" location="Igarape Jurupary" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-68.88333" municipality="Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99B8EAB597FD55FA1E" bold="true" box="[189,704,1489,1514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">
Additional collection examined (
<typeStatus id="54A49FC28209FF99BA62B597FD27FA1E" box="[565,690,1489,1514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
):
</emphasis>
—
<collectingCountry id="F30861F08209FF99BA8AB597FCD0FA1E" box="[733,837,1489,1514]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="49DBEF828209FF99BB1DB597FC51FA1E" box="[842,964,1489,1514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC4BB1A8209FF99BB9BB597FB71FA1E" box="[972,1252,1489,1514]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">São Gabriel da Cachoeira</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EC077BB8209FF99BCBBB597FA32FA1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B69076820CFF99B8DFB610FDA4F7DE:8EC077BB8209FF99BCBBB597FA32FA1E" box="[1260,1447,1489,1514]" country="Brazil" latitude="1.6166667" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-68.88333" municipality="Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira" name="Igarape Jurupary" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" stateProvince="Amazonas">Igarapé Jurupary</location>
, Rio Uaupés,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B47A78209FF99B94DB5B3FE04F9FA" box="[282,401,1525,1550]" degrees="1" direction="north" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" precision="15" seconds="0" value="1.6166667">1°37’0” N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B47A78209FF99B9CBB5B3FDB0F9FA" box="[412,549,1525,1550]" degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" precision="15" seconds="0" value="-68.88333">68°53’0” W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CE78C858209FF99BA67B5B3FDFEF9FA" box="[560,619,1525,1550]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="94.0">
<elevation id="0032C6538209FF99BA67B5B3FDFEF9FA" box="[560,619,1525,1550]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="94.0">94 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFA107A08209FF99BA20B5B3FCD0F9FA" box="[631,837,1525,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" value="1932-11-02">
<collectingDate id="EFE5FE488209FF99BA20B5B3FCD0F9FA" box="[631,837,1525,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" value="1932-11-02">2 November 1932</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99BB07B5B3FB91F9FA" box="[848,1028,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99BB07B5B3FC22F9FA" box="[848,951,1525,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">A. Ducke</collectorName>
24417
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EB9A58209FF99BC43B5B3FBB2F9FA" box="[1044,1063,1525,1550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">F</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B772B3D8209FF99BC6BB5B3FB52F9C6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4985304315" collectingDate="1987-11-22" collectionCode="NY" collectorName="M. I. Kawasaki" elevation="74" latitude="0.083333336" location="Igarape Tibuiari, afluente do Rio Uaupes" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-67.333336" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8EC077BB8209FF99BC6BB5B3FF4AF9C6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B69076820CFF99B8DFB610FDA4F7DE:8EC077BB8209FF99BC6BB5B3FF4AF9C6" latitude="0.083333336" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-67.333336" name="Igarape Tibuiari, afluente do Rio Uaupes" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">Igarapé Tibuiari, afluente do Rio Uaupés</location>
, Monte Cristo,
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,
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,
<quantity id="4CE78C858209FF99BADDB65FFD51F9C6" box="[650,708,1561,1586]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="74.0">
<elevation id="0032C6538209FF99BADDB65FFD51F9C6" box="[650,708,1561,1586]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="74.0">74 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFA107A08209FF99BA98B65FFC32F9C6" box="[719,935,1561,1586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" value="1987-11-22">
<collectingDate id="EFE5FE488209FF99BA98B65FFC32F9C6" box="[719,935,1561,1586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" value="1987-11-22">22 November 1987</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99BBE6B65FFB16F9C6" box="[945,1155,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99BBE6B65FFBC6F9C6" box="[945,1107,1561,1586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">M.I. Kawasaki</collectorName>
242
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EB9A58209FF99BCC6B65FFB2AF9C6" box="[1169,1215,1561,1586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">NY</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B772B3D8209FF99BC86B65FFB4CF9A2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4985304305" collectingDate="1973-05-14" collectionCode="INPA, US" collectorName="M. F. Silva &amp; P. Machado" elevation="99" latitude="1.0" location="Rio Icana, acima de Peraiauara" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-68.00278" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8EC077BB8209FF99BC86B65FFE94F9A2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B69076820CFF99B8DFB610FDA4F7DE:8EC077BB8209FF99BC86B65FFE94F9A2" latitude="1.0" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-68.00278" name="Rio Icana, acima de Peraiauara" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">Rio Içana, acima de Peraiauara</location>
,
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,
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,
<quantity id="4CE78C858209FF99BA47B67BFDDFF9A2" box="[528,586,1597,1622]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="99.0">
<elevation id="0032C6538209FF99BA47B67BFDDFF9A2" box="[528,586,1597,1622]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="99.0">99 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFA107A08209FF99BA01B67BFD79F9A2" box="[598,748,1597,1622]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" value="1973-05-14">
<collectingDate id="EFE5FE488209FF99BA01B67BFD79F9A2" box="[598,748,1597,1622]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" value="1973-05-14">14 May 1973</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99BAA0B67BFBD8F9A2" box="[759,1101,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99BAA0B67BFCFDF9A2" box="[759,872,1597,1622]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">M.F. Silva</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99BBDDB67BFB9AF9A2" box="[906,1039,1597,1622]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">P. Machado</collectorName>
1530
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EB9A58209FF99BC0CB67BFB0AF9A2" box="[1115,1183,1597,1622]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">INPA</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0EB9A58209FF99BCFEB67BFB44F9A2" box="[1193,1233,1597,1622]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">US</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B772B3D8209FF99BCB3B67BFB3EF98E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4985304307" collectingDate="2004-06-27" collectionCode="MO" collectorName="A. Vicentini &amp; L. Rodriguez" elevation="73" latitude="0.5630556" location="Rio Icana, Vila de Jauacana" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-67.402504" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8EC077BB8209FF99BCB3B67BFF65F98E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B69076820CFF99B8DFB610FDA4F7DE:8EC077BB8209FF99BCB3B67BFF65F98E" latitude="0.5630556" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-67.402504" name="Rio Icana, Vila de Jauacana" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">Rio Içana, Vila de Jauacanã</location>
,
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,
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,
<quantity id="4CE78C858209FF99BA41B627FDDAF98E" box="[534,591,1633,1658]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="73.0">
<elevation id="0032C6538209FF99BA41B627FDDAF98E" box="[534,591,1633,1658]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="73.0">73 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFA107A08209FF99BA0EB627FD78F98E" box="[601,749,1633,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" value="2004-06-27">
<collectingDate id="EFE5FE488209FF99BA0EB627FD78F98E" box="[601,749,1633,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" value="2004-06-27">27 June 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99BAA0B627FBF6F98E" box="[759,1123,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99BAA0B627FCE2F98E" box="[759,887,1633,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">A. Vicentini</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99BBC0B627FBB3F98E" box="[919,1062,1633,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">L. Rodríguez</collectorName>
2266
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EB9A58209FF99BC26B627FB36F98E" box="[1137,1187,1633,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">MO</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B772B3D8209FF99BCE2B627FDD0F96A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4985304310" collectingDate="2004-06-27" collectionCode="MO" collectorName="A. Vicentini &amp; L. Rodriguez" elevation="73" latitude="0.5630556" location="Rio Icana, Vila de Jauacana" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-67.402504" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
loc. cit.,
<date id="FFA107A08209FF99BD44B627FA32F98E" box="[1299,1447,1633,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" value="2004-06-27">
<collectingDate id="EFE5FE488209FF99BD44B627FA32F98E" box="[1299,1447,1633,1658]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" value="2004-06-27">27 June 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99B8DFB6C3FE69F96A" box="[136,508,1669,1694]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99B8DFB6C3FE9FF96A" box="[136,266,1669,1694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">A. Vicentini</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99B97AB6C3FE28F96A" box="[301,445,1669,1694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">L. Rodríguez</collectorName>
2276
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EB9A58209FF99BA5CB6C3FDA8F96A" box="[523,573,1669,1694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">MO</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B772B3D8209FF99BA06B6C3FB72F936" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4985304302" collectingDate="2009-06-18" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="F. A. Carvalho &amp; A. Vicentini &amp; M. H. Terra-Araujo &amp; N. C. Davila &amp; J. M. Brito" elevation="72" latitude="67.242775" location="Rio Uaupes, Comunidade Monte Cristo" longLatPrecision="16" longitude="-0.028055556" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8EC077BB8209FF99BA06B6C3FB9BF96A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B69076820CFF99B8DFB610FDA4F7DE:8EC077BB8209FF99BA06B6C3FB9BF96A" box="[593,1038,1669,1694]" latitude="67.242775" longLatPrecision="16" longitude="-0.028055556" name="Rio Uaupes, Comunidade Monte Cristo" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">Rio Uaupés, Comunidade Monte Cristo</location>
,
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,
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,
<quantity id="4CE78C858209FF99BD1EB6C3FA11F96A" box="[1353,1412,1669,1694]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="72.0">
<elevation id="0032C6538209FF99BD1EB6C3FA11F96A" box="[1353,1412,1669,1694]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="72.0">72 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFA107A08209FF99BDD8B6C3FF6BF936" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" value="2009-06-18">
<collectingDate id="EFE5FE488209FF99BDD8B6C3FF6BF936" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" value="2009-06-18">18 June 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99B95DB6EFFB1FF936" box="[266,1162,1705,1730]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99B95DB6EFFE3EF936" box="[266,427,1705,1730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">F.A. Carvalho</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99B9E1B6EFFDAEF936" box="[438,571,1705,1730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">A. Vicentini</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99BA10B6EFFC8AF936" box="[583,799,1705,1730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">M.H. Terra-Araújo</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99BB7CB6EFFC27F936" box="[811,946,1705,1730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">N.C. Dávila</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99BB80B6EFFBDFF936" box="[983,1098,1705,1730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">J.M. Brito</collectorName>
1608
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EB9A58209FF99BCCEB6EFFB4AF936" box="[1177,1247,1705,1730]" collectionName="Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazoonia, Colecao Sistematica da Entomologia" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">INPA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B772B3D8209FF99BCA5B6EFFB36F912" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4985304311" collectingDate="2009-06-18" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="F. A. Carvalho &amp; A. Vicentini &amp; M. H. Terra-Araujo &amp; N. C. Davila &amp; J. M. Brito" elevation="72" latitude="67.242775" location="Rio Uaupes, Comunidade Monte Cristo" longLatPrecision="16" longitude="-0.028055556" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
loc. cit.,
<date id="FFA107A08209FF99BD03B6EFFF56F912" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" value="2009-06-18">
<collectingDate id="EFE5FE488209FF99BD03B6EFFF56F912" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" value="2009-06-18">18 June 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99B899B68BFBD2F912" box="[206,1095,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99B899B68BFEFAF912" box="[206,367,1741,1766]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">F.A. Carvalho</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99B92EB68BFE6BF912" box="[377,510,1741,1766]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">A. Vicentini</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99BA5EB68BFD75F912" box="[521,736,1741,1766]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">M.H. Terra-Araújo</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99BABCB68BFCE7F912" box="[747,882,1741,1766]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">N.C. Dávila</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99BBC1B68BFB9DF912" box="[918,1032,1741,1766]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">J.M. Brito</collectorName>
1612
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EB9A58209FF99BC01B68BFB09F912" box="[1110,1180,1741,1766]" collectionName="Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazoonia, Colecao Sistematica da Entomologia" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">INPA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B772B3D8209FF99BCF9B68BFBFAF8FE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4985304312" collectingDate="2009-06-18" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="F. A. Carvalho &amp; A. Vicentini &amp; M. H. Terra-Araujo &amp; N. C. Davila &amp; J. M. Brito" elevation="72" latitude="67.242775" location="Rio Uaupes, Comunidade Monte Cristo" longLatPrecision="16" longitude="-0.028055556" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
loc. cit.,
<date id="FFA107A08209FF99BD58B68BFA32F912" box="[1295,1447,1741,1766]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" value="2009-06-18">
<collectingDate id="EFE5FE488209FF99BD58B68BFA32F912" box="[1295,1447,1741,1766]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" value="2009-06-18">18 June 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99B8DFB6B7FB84F8FE" box="[136,1041,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99B8DFB6B7FEBFF8FE" box="[136,298,1777,1802]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">F.A. Carvalho</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99B961B6B7FE29F8FE" box="[310,444,1777,1802]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">A. Vicentini</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99B99EB6B7FD37F8FE" box="[457,674,1777,1802]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">M.H. Terra-Araújo</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99BAF9B6B7FCA3F8FE" box="[686,822,1777,1802]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">N.C. Dávila</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99BB0AB6B7FC44F8FE" box="[861,977,1777,1802]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">J.M. Brito</collectorName>
1614
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EB9A58209FF99BC76B6B7FBF2F8FE" box="[1057,1127,1777,1802]" collectionName="Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazoonia, Colecao Sistematica da Entomologia" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">INPA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B772B3D8209FF99BC2CB6B7FDBEF8A6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4985304309" collectingDate="2013-12-05" collectionCode="INPA" collectorName="E. M. B. Prata &amp; N. C. Davila &amp; J. E. Nascimento-Junior &amp; F. Cabral &amp; O. F. Menezes" elevation="79" latitude="0.81916666" location="Rio Piraiauara, afluente do Rio Icana" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-67.547775" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8EC077BB8209FF99BC2CB6B7FF63F8DA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B69076820CFF99B8DFB610FDA4F7DE:8EC077BB8209FF99BC2CB6B7FF63F8DA" latitude="0.81916666" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-67.547775" name="Rio Piraiauara, afluente do Rio Icana" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">Rio Piraiauara, afluente do Rio Içana</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B47A78209FF99B955B753FE13F8DA" box="[258,390,1813,1838]" degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" precision="15" seconds="09" value="0.81916666">0°49’09” N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE2B47A78209FF99B9C6B753FDB2F8DA" box="[401,551,1813,1838]" degrees="67" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" precision="15" seconds="52" value="-67.547775">67°32’52” W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CE78C858209FF99BA65B753FDF8F8DA" box="[562,621,1813,1838]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="79.0">
<elevation id="0032C6538209FF99BA65B753FDF8F8DA" box="[562,621,1813,1838]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="79.0">79 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFA107A08209FF99BA2FB753FCD7F8DA" box="[632,834,1813,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" value="2013-12-05">
<collectingDate id="EFE5FE488209FF99BA2FB753FCD7F8DA" box="[632,834,1813,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190" value="2013-12-05">5 December 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B96BFD728209FF99BB1BB753FE5AF8A6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99BB1BB753FC71F8DA" box="[844,996,1813,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">E.M.B. Prata</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99BBB8B753FBEDF8DA" box="[1007,1144,1813,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">N.C. Dávila</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99BCD4B753FA19F8DA" box="[1155,1420,1813,1838]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">J.E. Nascimento-Junior</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99BDC0B753FF42F8A6" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">F. Cabral</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26EA44B68209FF99B8ADB77FFE05F8A6" box="[250,400,1849,1874]" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">O.F. Menezes</collectorName>
1948
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED0EB9A58209FF99B98AB77FFDB6F8A6" box="[477,547,1849,1874]" collectionName="Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazoonia, Colecao Sistematica da Entomologia" pageId="4" pageNumber="190">INPA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
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Genus
<taxonomicName LSID="0F74BC4B-31B2-544D-9316-F17DB69A0F93" authority="Berlese, 1886." authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oligonychus Berlese, 1886.</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8B0AD17B12AD6DEE220AD2FDA16D475D" ID-CoL="67Q4" ID-ENA="50018" LSID="0F74BC4B-31B2-544D-9316-F17DB69A0F93" authority="Berlese, 1886." authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oligonychus Berlese, 1886.</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oligonychus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="1D11A5197FB1FD5CCC03387B7C4DFF08" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oligonychus</taxonomicName>
Berlese, 1886: 24,
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<bibRefCitation id="79FDAFFFB093BE458E59636F6D0AA857" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" author="Pritchard, AE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B124" refString="Pritchard, AE, Baker, EW, 1955. A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" title="A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" year="1955">Pritchard and Baker 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 270,
<bibRefCitation author="Wainstein, BA" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Nauchno-Issledoniya Institut Zashchita Rastenii Kazakhstan," pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 276" refId="B146" refString="Wainstein, BA, 1960. Tetranychoid mites of Kazakhstan (with revision of the family). Trudy Nauchno-Issledoniya Institut Zashchita Rastenii Kazakhstan, 5: 1 - 276" title="Tetranychoid mites of Kazakhstan (with revision of the family)." volume="5" year="1960">Wainstein 1960</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="2FE2A07F3A1F6A92646DB4F5D3D66D36" author="Wainstein, BA" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Nauchno-Issledoniya Institut Zashchita Rastenii Kazakhstan," pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 276" refId="B146" refString="Wainstein, BA, 1960. Tetranychoid mites of Kazakhstan (with revision of the family). Trudy Nauchno-Issledoniya Institut Zashchita Rastenii Kazakhstan, 5: 1 - 276" title="Tetranychoid mites of Kazakhstan (with revision of the family)." volume="5" year="1960">Wainstein 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 203,
<bibRefCitation author="Tuttle, DM" journalOrPublisher="The University of Arizona Press, Tucson" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B140" refString="Tuttle, DM, Baker, EW, 1968. Spider mites of southwestern United States and a revision of the family Tetranychidae. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson" title="Spider mites of southwestern United States and a revision of the family Tetranychidae." year="1968">Tuttle and Baker 1968</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="FD22D924E76B0D49A212CC6834E87C2A" author="Tuttle, DM" journalOrPublisher="The University of Arizona Press, Tucson" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B140" refString="Tuttle, DM, Baker, EW, 1968. Spider mites of southwestern United States and a revision of the family Tetranychidae. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson" title="Spider mites of southwestern United States and a revision of the family Tetranychidae." year="1968">Tuttle and Baker 1968</bibRefCitation>
: 116,
<bibRefCitation author="Meyer, MKPS" journalOrPublisher="Entomology Memoir, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B106" refString="Meyer, MKPS, 1974. A revision of the Tetranychidae of Africa (Acari) with a key to the genera of the world. Entomology Memoir, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" title="A revision of the Tetranychidae of Africa (Acari) with a key to the genera of the world." year="1974">Meyer 1974</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="D504874DDFE34F1A2B6D3DABE0E4501C" author="Meyer, MKPS" journalOrPublisher="Entomology Memoir, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B106" refString="Meyer, MKPS, 1974. A revision of the Tetranychidae of Africa (Acari) with a key to the genera of the world. Entomology Memoir, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" title="A revision of the Tetranychidae of Africa (Acari) with a key to the genera of the world." year="1974">Meyer 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 248,
<bibRefCitation author="Mitrofanov, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1797 - 1804" refId="B114" refString="Mitrofanov, VI, 1977. The taxonomy of the family Tetranychidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 56: 1797 - 1804" title="The taxonomy of the family Tetranychidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes)." volume="56" year="1977">Mitrofanov 1977</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="74A028B7DC0EB16F56A1E436183C74D6" author="Mitrofanov, VI" journalOrPublisher="Zoologicheskii Zhurnal" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1797 - 1804" refId="B114" refString="Mitrofanov, VI, 1977. The taxonomy of the family Tetranychidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 56: 1797 - 1804" title="The taxonomy of the family Tetranychidae (Acariformes, Trombidiformes)." volume="56" year="1977">Mitrofanov 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 1801-1802,
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<bibRefCitation id="61AE6D17C6CA1517B54C524C7D834BE6" author="Meyer, MKPS" journalOrPublisher="Entomology Memoir, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, Republic of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B107" refString="Meyer, MKPS, 1987. African Tetranychidae (Acari: Prostigmata) - with reference to the world genera. Entomology Memoir, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, Republic of South Africa" title="African Tetranychidae (Acari: Prostigmata) - with reference to the world genera." year="1987">Meyer 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 142,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6055.2003.00326.x" author="Beard, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="51 - 78" refId="B13" refString="Beard, JJ, Walter, DE, Allsopp, PG, 2003. Spider mites of sugarcane in Australia: a review of grass-feeding Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae). Australian Journal of Entomology 42: 51 - 78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6055.2003.00326.x" title="Spider mites of sugarcane in Australia: a review of grass-feeding Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6055.2003.00326.x" volume="42" year="2003">Beard et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="19256E27942DFE222CF07DB2CBE8D503" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6055.2003.00326.x" author="Beard, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="51 - 78" refId="B13" refString="Beard, JJ, Walter, DE, Allsopp, PG, 2003. Spider mites of sugarcane in Australia: a review of grass-feeding Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae). Australian Journal of Entomology 42: 51 - 78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6055.2003.00326.x" title="Spider mites of sugarcane in Australia: a review of grass-feeding Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6055.2003.00326.x" volume="42" year="2003">Beard et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 51-78,
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<bibRefCitation id="DCEC50012AAF11D630B1B06496988C94" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.2.4" author="Khanjani, M" journalOrPublisher="Systematic and Applied Acarology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="223 - 287" refId="B76" refString="Khanjani, M, Khanjani, M, Seeman, OD, 2018. The spider mites of the genus Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Iran. Systematic and Applied Acarology 23: 223 - 287, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.2.4" title="The spider mites of the genus Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Iran." url="https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.2.4" volume="23" year="2018">Khanjani et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.6.10" author="Li, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematic and Applied Acarology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1071 - 1106" refId="B85" refString="Li, J, Yi, TC, Guo, JJ, Jin, DC, 2019. Redescription of three species of Oligonychus (Acari, Tetranychidae) from China. Systematic and Applied Acarology 24: 1071 - 1106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.6.10" title="Redescription of three species of Oligonychus (Acari, Tetranychidae) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.6.10" volume="24" year="2019">Li et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="682CEF066D6B31120B174B20EC1A6C19" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.6.10" author="Li, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematic and Applied Acarology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1071 - 1106" refId="B85" refString="Li, J, Yi, TC, Guo, JJ, Jin, DC, 2019. Redescription of three species of Oligonychus (Acari, Tetranychidae) from China. Systematic and Applied Acarology 24: 1071 - 1106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.6.10" title="Redescription of three species of Oligonychus (Acari, Tetranychidae) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.6.10" volume="24" year="2019">Li et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
: 1071-1106.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Targioni Tozzetti" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Heteronychus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteronychus brevipodus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Heteronychus brevipodus</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="7224FBA9B0B6DE788AD016C056CFF9B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="type species">
<paragraph id="4F81C7D6245B55351199B8C4DA2D1D0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="329914D2091AD252F8C95E7B3A6B2132" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="85B7A685E75E1DEAD80C38C9FBC0B7F7" authorityName="Targioni Tozzetti" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Heteronychus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteronychus brevipodus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipodus">
<emphasis id="830D63CFD96517CD7B28D9B012A7E470" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Heteronychus brevipodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Targioni-Tozzetti, 1878: 255.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<subSubSection id="89F58E60B87E8E2E26A08425FEB69617" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="A1809FE58A176A27552D7DCE76680EB3" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F67961779A44E5F263041312C5E86130" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
(Based on:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" author="Pritchard, AE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B124" refString="Pritchard, AE, Baker, EW, 1955. A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" title="A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" year="1955">Pritchard and Baker 1955</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="9D234B6C8D6688899131950E97C9B6E9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" author="Pritchard, AE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B124" refString="Pritchard, AE, Baker, EW, 1955. A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" title="A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" year="1955">Pritchard and Baker 1955</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Tuttle, DM" journalOrPublisher="The University of Arizona Press, Tucson" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B140" refString="Tuttle, DM, Baker, EW, 1968. Spider mites of southwestern United States and a revision of the family Tetranychidae. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson" title="Spider mites of southwestern United States and a revision of the family Tetranychidae." year="1968">Tuttle and Baker 1968</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="094DE9E6E15C6E7C079386C7C377151F" author="Tuttle, DM" journalOrPublisher="The University of Arizona Press, Tucson" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B140" refString="Tuttle, DM, Baker, EW, 1968. Spider mites of southwestern United States and a revision of the family Tetranychidae. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson" title="Spider mites of southwestern United States and a revision of the family Tetranychidae." year="1968">Tuttle and Baker 1968</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Meyer, MKPS" journalOrPublisher="Entomology Memoir, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B106" refString="Meyer, MKPS, 1974. A revision of the Tetranychidae of Africa (Acari) with a key to the genera of the world. Entomology Memoir, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" title="A revision of the Tetranychidae of Africa (Acari) with a key to the genera of the world." year="1974">Meyer 1974</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="49516B997175241FACAE6467BC6608F9" author="Meyer, MKPS" journalOrPublisher="Entomology Memoir, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B106" refString="Meyer, MKPS, 1974. A revision of the Tetranychidae of Africa (Acari) with a key to the genera of the world. Entomology Memoir, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" title="A revision of the Tetranychidae of Africa (Acari) with a key to the genera of the world." year="1974">Meyer 1974</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Meyer, MKPS" journalOrPublisher="Entomology Memoir, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, Republic of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B107" refString="Meyer, MKPS, 1987. African Tetranychidae (Acari: Prostigmata) - with reference to the world genera. Entomology Memoir, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, Republic of South Africa" title="African Tetranychidae (Acari: Prostigmata) - with reference to the world genera." year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="1E72C6FEB776F2D262DDC2F08C437BB3" author="Meyer, MKPS" journalOrPublisher="Entomology Memoir, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, Republic of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B107" refString="Meyer, MKPS, 1987. African Tetranychidae (Acari: Prostigmata) - with reference to the world genera. Entomology Memoir, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, Republic of South Africa" title="African Tetranychidae (Acari: Prostigmata) - with reference to the world genera." year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6055.2003.00326.x" author="Beard, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="51 - 78" refId="B13" refString="Beard, JJ, Walter, DE, Allsopp, PG, 2003. Spider mites of sugarcane in Australia: a review of grass-feeding Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae). Australian Journal of Entomology 42: 51 - 78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6055.2003.00326.x" title="Spider mites of sugarcane in Australia: a review of grass-feeding Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6055.2003.00326.x" volume="42" year="2003">Beard et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="CB6AE07FDB0A4216D003368E3433707A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6055.2003.00326.x" author="Beard, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="51 - 78" refId="B13" refString="Beard, JJ, Walter, DE, Allsopp, PG, 2003. Spider mites of sugarcane in Australia: a review of grass-feeding Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae). Australian Journal of Entomology 42: 51 - 78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6055.2003.00326.x" title="Spider mites of sugarcane in Australia: a review of grass-feeding Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6055.2003.00326.x" volume="42" year="2003">Beard et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
, 2008;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.2.4" author="Khanjani, M" journalOrPublisher="Systematic and Applied Acarology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="223 - 287" refId="B76" refString="Khanjani, M, Khanjani, M, Seeman, OD, 2018. The spider mites of the genus Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Iran. Systematic and Applied Acarology 23: 223 - 287, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.2.4" title="The spider mites of the genus Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Iran." url="https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.2.4" volume="23" year="2018">Khanjani et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="A4C3CACC02760297A2624160F4258BEE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.2.4" author="Khanjani, M" journalOrPublisher="Systematic and Applied Acarology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="223 - 287" refId="B76" refString="Khanjani, M, Khanjani, M, Seeman, OD, 2018. The spider mites of the genus Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Iran. Systematic and Applied Acarology 23: 223 - 287, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.2.4" title="The spider mites of the genus Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Iran." url="https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.2.4" volume="23" year="2018">Khanjani et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
). Empodia well developed, claw-like with proximoventral hairs (except male leg I with hairs modified into spur) that are as long as or shorter than empodial claw on most of legs; two pairs of duplex setae on tarsus I, distal and adjacent; opisthosoma with 11 pairs of dorsal setae (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">c1-3</emphasis>
<emphasis id="8ECA75B211AEE6BA29893BAD156BA641" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">c1-3</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">d1-2</emphasis>
<emphasis id="7D24832DC73E614E46907DEC7C31F264" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">d1-2</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">e1-2</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B86F8599F097007C2B13140C718075D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">e1-2</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">f1-2</emphasis>
<emphasis id="26649D2C41ABC0091A9BE8D9CDDBA5F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">f1-2</emphasis>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">h2-3</emphasis>
<emphasis id="1165462835FE5B8B666CA77FEAB500C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">h2-3</emphasis>
; n.b. setae
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">h2</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F4732C60437E7E2927E6887A874060CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">h2</emphasis>
and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">h3</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A0F3041691DBEAFDD1E8DE781B579C8A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">h3</emphasis>
usually inserted ventrally); clunal setae
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">h1</emphasis>
<emphasis id="ABC8BB375B285E368DF17EFEE98FBAEF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">h1</emphasis>
always absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="taxonomic review of the genus oligonychus">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<subSubSection id="6F8ED1851500F4907DE711D27F99A8C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="taxonomic review of the genus oligonychus">
<paragraph id="1A1E493983795BC667BEE97B3A9BE2B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
Taxonomic review of the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="856A9C3A5D330F7D27CBCD27EA91310B" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2B916D1CE19CEC0004684658D319F9C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<paragraph id="0A158987337E4E1E138007C7CECC15AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
The genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="41801C034C47EFB2C731784E02D318EE" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="734CC5C16B79F24AF487009895D8BD27" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was erected by
<bibRefCitation author="Berlese, A" journalOrPublisher="Padova, Italia" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B19" refString="Berlese, A, 1886. Acari dannosi alle piante coltivati. Padova, Italia" title="Acari dannosi alle piante coltivati." year="1886">Berlese (1886)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="C9C5BC364581EBC1EB93D4B7407AEFB5" author="Berlese, A" journalOrPublisher="Padova, Italia" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B19" refString="Berlese, A, 1886. Acari dannosi alle piante coltivati. Padova, Italia" title="Acari dannosi alle piante coltivati." year="1886">Berlese (1886)</bibRefCitation>
, based on
<taxonomicName authorityName="Targioni Tozzetti" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Heteronychus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteronychus brevipodus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Heteronychus brevipodus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="87C5BF53803F379C85C3E20FC026DED9" authorityName="Targioni Tozzetti" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Heteronychus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteronychus brevipodus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevipodus">
<emphasis id="C326103BC6C9573C68F9F84B6B6380CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Heteronychus brevipodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Targioni-Tozzetti as the type species (specimen was a nymph), reported from the Holly Oak (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus ilex" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Quercus ilex</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="465275423A6DB5699FA756B6A27E90BF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus ilex" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">
<emphasis id="82AE32015280EA09A0E52D7BBE408DE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Quercus ilex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D39436FE8A121FF0F897C0F3DCB396CB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
) in Italy (
<bibRefCitation author="Targioni-Tozzetti, A" journalOrPublisher="Annali di Agricoltura" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="242 - 275" refId="B136" refString="Targioni-Tozzetti, A, 1878. Relazione inteorno ai lavori della Stazione di entomologia agraria di Firenze per l' anno 1876. Acaridei. Annali di Agricoltura 1: 242 - 275" title="Relazione inteorno ai lavori della Stazione di entomologia agraria di Firenze per l' anno 1876. Acaridei." volume="1" year="1878">Targioni-Tozzetti 1878</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="DABB1AFF4022B661E6CCE09A69CFF20A" author="Targioni-Tozzetti, A" journalOrPublisher="Annali di Agricoltura" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="242 - 275" refId="B136" refString="Targioni-Tozzetti, A, 1878. Relazione inteorno ai lavori della Stazione di entomologia agraria di Firenze per l' anno 1876. Acaridei. Annali di Agricoltura 1: 242 - 275" title="Relazione inteorno ai lavori della Stazione di entomologia agraria di Firenze per l' anno 1876. Acaridei." volume="1" year="1878">Targioni-Tozzetti 1878</bibRefCitation>
). Because
<bibRefCitation author="Berlese, A" journalOrPublisher="Padova, Italia" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B19" refString="Berlese, A, 1886. Acari dannosi alle piante coltivati. Padova, Italia" title="Acari dannosi alle piante coltivati." year="1886">Berlese (1886)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="CDB3C262495D310AA1C8C7B926D9192C" author="Berlese, A" journalOrPublisher="Padova, Italia" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B19" refString="Berlese, A, 1886. Acari dannosi alle piante coltivati. Padova, Italia" title="Acari dannosi alle piante coltivati." year="1886">Berlese (1886)</bibRefCitation>
did not clearly describe the presence of proximoventral hairs on the empodial claws in the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8855DC90E9FB2C539948569B9548D065" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="603B71B77350E97ACF32AD0522BF65AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Zacher, F" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus der Kaiserlichen Biologischen Anstalt fur Land-und Forstwirtschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="37 - 41" refId="B148" refString="Zacher, F, 1913. Untersuchungen uber spinnmilben. Mitteilungen aus der Kaiserlichen Biologischen Anstalt fur Land-und Forstwirtschaft 14: 37 - 41" title="Untersuchungen uber spinnmilben." volume="14" year="1913">Zacher (1913)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="8CCA38BC2662CB05C46037A49A1902FB" author="Zacher, F" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus der Kaiserlichen Biologischen Anstalt fur Land-und Forstwirtschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="37 - 41" refId="B148" refString="Zacher, F, 1913. Untersuchungen uber spinnmilben. Mitteilungen aus der Kaiserlichen Biologischen Anstalt fur Land-und Forstwirtschaft 14: 37 - 41" title="Untersuchungen uber spinnmilben." volume="14" year="1913">Zacher (1913)</bibRefCitation>
created a new genus,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zacher" authorityYear="1913" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Paratetranychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetranychus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Paratetranychus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4924229656A6AF2A1379E43CA6A43F75" authorityName="Zacher" authorityYear="1913" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Paratetranychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetranychus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DB49F873A54FACAE2D62AB584D25007D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Paratetranychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and described the presence of proximoventral hairs in it.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2421963" author="McGregor, EA" journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="257 - 420" refId="B98" refString="McGregor, EA, 1950. Mites of the family Tetranychidae. American Midland Naturalist 44: 257 - 420, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2421963" title="Mites of the family Tetranychidae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2421963" volume="44" year="1950">McGregor (1950)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="1F77CB8B304D67D839A3895C30882540" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2421963" author="McGregor, EA" journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="257 - 420" refId="B98" refString="McGregor, EA, 1950. Mites of the family Tetranychidae. American Midland Naturalist 44: 257 - 420, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2421963" title="Mites of the family Tetranychidae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2421963" volume="44" year="1950">McGregor (1950)</bibRefCitation>
followed the work of
<bibRefCitation author="Zacher, F" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus der Kaiserlichen Biologischen Anstalt fur Land-und Forstwirtschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="37 - 41" refId="B148" refString="Zacher, F, 1913. Untersuchungen uber spinnmilben. Mitteilungen aus der Kaiserlichen Biologischen Anstalt fur Land-und Forstwirtschaft 14: 37 - 41" title="Untersuchungen uber spinnmilben." volume="14" year="1913">Zacher (1913)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="B03BFF696848E453AD0DC7B1756CC1D8" author="Zacher, F" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen aus der Kaiserlichen Biologischen Anstalt fur Land-und Forstwirtschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="37 - 41" refId="B148" refString="Zacher, F, 1913. Untersuchungen uber spinnmilben. Mitteilungen aus der Kaiserlichen Biologischen Anstalt fur Land-und Forstwirtschaft 14: 37 - 41" title="Untersuchungen uber spinnmilben." volume="14" year="1913">Zacher (1913)</bibRefCitation>
by giving priority to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zacher" authorityYear="1913" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Paratetranychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetranychus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Paratetranychus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="679EFE55FC30348F14FC4CF66ACE94DC" authorityName="Zacher" authorityYear="1913" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Paratetranychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetranychus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8D909258F3604F4894C2F8A08A5AFC54" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Paratetranychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
over
<taxonomicName authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="56C69AE027EB4416E01BAF1BC3EDB7FB" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="64F98FE86E79E42022051FB936DBE6C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and placed all
<taxonomicName authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2C621C81A60A41FF83BD4FCF7C8411A3" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ACF201E205D1C96F5EE5093C89A3827B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species within
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zacher" authorityYear="1913" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Paratetranychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetranychus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Paratetranychus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C19C2C405EC9DC6AF4F9362520003A48" authorityName="Zacher" authorityYear="1913" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Paratetranychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetranychus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EFB99CCE36BFF854586FA67DA8555604" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Paratetranychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Five years later,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" author="Pritchard, AE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B124" refString="Pritchard, AE, Baker, EW, 1955. A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" title="A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" year="1955">Pritchard and Baker (1955)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="B97A61FAA509BB2A13D448432354C528" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" author="Pritchard, AE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B124" refString="Pritchard, AE, Baker, EW, 1955. A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" title="A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" year="1955">Pritchard and Baker (1955)</bibRefCitation>
redefined the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C538799469A4E59DE7C1746FCB6F766B" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0EA4205EE184E6A83C98B2E41D6861F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and synonymized the genera
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zacher" authorityYear="1913" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Paratetranychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetranychus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Paratetranychus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6DB83CF617937E4D8D9BD504A1C2F7E7" authorityName="Zacher" authorityYear="1913" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Paratetranychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetranychus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0EFD306E1313B582C2EC625A359DEE94" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Paratetranychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yokoyama" authorityYear="1929" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Tacebia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tacebia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Tacebia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9BF80741D920FA9F8A6A866F7C2EB7C6" authorityName="Yokoyama" authorityYear="1929" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Tacebia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tacebia" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="740DA2E338A7F9A73DBE50FBA4398502" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Tacebia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Yokoyama, K" journalOrPublisher="Meibun - do, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B147" refString="Yokoyama, K, 1929. New textbook of sericultural insect pest. Saishin Nippon Sangyo Gaichu Zensho. Meibun - do, Tokyo" title="New textbook of sericultural insect pest. Saishin Nippon Sangyo Gaichu Zensho." year="1929">Yokoyama 1929</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="857F040DC93939FA524C85B9564A3BFC" author="Yokoyama, K" journalOrPublisher="Meibun - do, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B147" refString="Yokoyama, K, 1929. New textbook of sericultural insect pest. Saishin Nippon Sangyo Gaichu Zensho. Meibun - do, Tokyo" title="New textbook of sericultural insect pest. Saishin Nippon Sangyo Gaichu Zensho." year="1929">Yokoyama 1929</bibRefCitation>
) with
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Oligonychus." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus." order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="CB2E76C614B0DD07B0BABBD370851B46" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Oligonychus." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus." order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C8716C765B475187F0A59A6387288548" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

188
data/1E/AD/9C/1EAD9C23BAE253F988B755EFE85BC37C.xml
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@ -1,155 +1,155 @@
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3.
<taxonomicName LSID="1EAD9C23-BAE2-53F9-88B7-55EFE85BC37C" authority="(Reck, 1947)" baseAuthorityName="Reck" baseAuthorityYear="1947" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus kobachidzei" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kobachidzei">Oligonychus kobachidzei (Reck, 1947)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Reck" authorityYear="1947" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Paratetranychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetranychus kobachidzei" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kobachidzei">Paratetranychus kobachidzei</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="86F4BFC0A39399FC15CD43BF501A642A" authorityName="Reck" authorityYear="1947" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Paratetranychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetranychus kobachidzei" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kobachidzei">Paratetranychus kobachidzei</taxonomicName>
Reck, 1947: 472.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Corylus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Corylus avellana" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Corylus avellana</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="C4D251540FD393AA9EEEBEE2F02C1B47" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Corylus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Corylus avellana" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis id="54572DB7ECEE7BDABB36188C92C11C61" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Corylus avellana</emphasis>
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(
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),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Juglans regia</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="DAC70A5373F2CDEFB3C3A5938D4C05C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Juglans regia</emphasis>
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(
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),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Platanus occidentalis</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="23D2004C3AC3227D9AEBE07E2C69E158" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Platanus occidentalis</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">P. orientalis</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="0CF9D0E15B3C52EA9C1B54C197CEAC7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">P. orientalis</emphasis>
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(
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</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ulmaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8D7EF64ABA68141B1DE725719079FA8E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ulmaceae</taxonomicName>
); Armenia, Azerbaijan and, Georgia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Reck" baseAuthorityYear="1947" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus kobachidzei" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kobachidzei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus kobachidzei</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="8D11345A8C2FD948F500ABEF646958E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="D81AD82D5DD8DD4F9D34511E61CB795B" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6BA3628C431E75B513FF5AB39A19571E" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="8BF120FC5672B492C1D90C4E14DDB325" baseAuthorityName="Reck" baseAuthorityYear="1947" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus kobachidzei" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kobachidzei">
<emphasis id="E407414C2519123CFDDA8FEC92515953" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus kobachidzei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Reck) was described from male and female specimens from type host
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Platanus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Platanus occidentalis" order="Proteales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Platanus occidentalis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="73ECA0A93C4661655388DCFBFD40F998" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Platanus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Platanus occidentalis" order="Proteales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="5637E3C8BC651CCD79C2121125E0703C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Platanus occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and type locality Georgia; however, the description lacked the key characters necessary for species confirmation (
<bibRefCitation author="Reck, GF" journalOrPublisher="Soobshcheniya Akademii Nauk Gruzinskoi SSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="471 - 475" refId="B126" refString="Reck, GF, 1947. New species of tetranychid mites from Georgia. (Tetranychidae, Acari). Soobshcheniya Akademii Nauk Gruzinskoi SSR 8: 471 - 475" title="New species of tetranychid mites from Georgia. (Tetranychidae, Acari)." volume="8" year="1947">Reck 1947</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="00513836E0D859E9A9EE8E71F9832E6F" author="Reck, GF" journalOrPublisher="Soobshcheniya Akademii Nauk Gruzinskoi SSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="471 - 475" refId="B126" refString="Reck, GF, 1947. New species of tetranychid mites from Georgia. (Tetranychidae, Acari). Soobshcheniya Akademii Nauk Gruzinskoi SSR 8: 471 - 475" title="New species of tetranychid mites from Georgia. (Tetranychidae, Acari)." volume="8" year="1947">Reck 1947</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover,
<bibRefCitation author="Reck, GF" journalOrPublisher="Soobshcheniya Akademii Nauk Gruzinskoi SSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="471 - 475" refId="B126" refString="Reck, GF, 1947. New species of tetranychid mites from Georgia. (Tetranychidae, Acari). Soobshcheniya Akademii Nauk Gruzinskoi SSR 8: 471 - 475" title="New species of tetranychid mites from Georgia. (Tetranychidae, Acari)." volume="8" year="1947">Reck (1947)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="3523987ADFF9C825A15E7C924FC30FE6" author="Reck, GF" journalOrPublisher="Soobshcheniya Akademii Nauk Gruzinskoi SSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="471 - 475" refId="B126" refString="Reck, GF, 1947. New species of tetranychid mites from Georgia. (Tetranychidae, Acari). Soobshcheniya Akademii Nauk Gruzinskoi SSR 8: 471 - 475" title="New species of tetranychid mites from Georgia. (Tetranychidae, Acari)." volume="8" year="1947">Reck (1947)</bibRefCitation>
did not specifically compare it with any other closely related
<taxonomicName authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AD344E44DBDD31586E16A0B910A80D37" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="86A0A07754C506CB9C31314E5799F5ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
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species. Although
<bibRefCitation author="Bagdasarian, AT" journalOrPublisher="R., Zoological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B4" refString="Bagdasarian, AT, 1957. Tetranychoid mites (superfamily Tetranychoidea). Fauna of the Armenian S.S.R. Erevan Akademia Nauk Armenia S.S. R., Zoological Institute" title="Tetranychoid mites (superfamily Tetranychoidea). Fauna of the Armenian S. S. R. Erevan Akademia Nauk Armenia S. S." year="1957">Bagdasarian (1957)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="7D65850E1131D9B93CD863A2B5656716" author="Bagdasarian, AT" journalOrPublisher="R., Zoological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B4" refString="Bagdasarian, AT, 1957. Tetranychoid mites (superfamily Tetranychoidea). Fauna of the Armenian S.S.R. Erevan Akademia Nauk Armenia S.S. R., Zoological Institute" title="Tetranychoid mites (superfamily Tetranychoidea). Fauna of the Armenian S. S. R. Erevan Akademia Nauk Armenia S. S." year="1957">Bagdasarian (1957)</bibRefCitation>
re-described the species from other hosts (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juglans regia" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Juglans regia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BE382B42F3E54104CD71E55981C53531" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Juglans" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juglans regia" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regia">
<emphasis id="139E876C686F226635C344D16366DD6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Juglans regia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Ulmus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="39C10A24211D8B45ED0E73F32B959144" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Ulmus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ulmus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F00A3EE3B102CF7E8B2C32ABABEA8E47" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Ulmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.) and locality (Armenia), the description still lacked details of the important morphological characters of both sexes. Further, it seems to us, based on the published literature that
<bibRefCitation author="Bagdasarian, AT" journalOrPublisher="R., Zoological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B4" refString="Bagdasarian, AT, 1957. Tetranychoid mites (superfamily Tetranychoidea). Fauna of the Armenian S.S.R. Erevan Akademia Nauk Armenia S.S. R., Zoological Institute" title="Tetranychoid mites (superfamily Tetranychoidea). Fauna of the Armenian S. S. R. Erevan Akademia Nauk Armenia S. S." year="1957">Bagdasarian (1957)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="69A4E32EC058E4604334164B139C89A3" author="Bagdasarian, AT" journalOrPublisher="R., Zoological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B4" refString="Bagdasarian, AT, 1957. Tetranychoid mites (superfamily Tetranychoidea). Fauna of the Armenian S.S.R. Erevan Akademia Nauk Armenia S.S. R., Zoological Institute" title="Tetranychoid mites (superfamily Tetranychoidea). Fauna of the Armenian S. S. R. Erevan Akademia Nauk Armenia S. S." year="1957">Bagdasarian (1957)</bibRefCitation>
did not observe the types of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. kobachidzei" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="kobachidzei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. kobachidzei</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5DEEDA9237613F5CE89AB95B137D408F" lsidName="O. kobachidzei" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="kobachidzei">
<emphasis id="2920A236CCAE0BC793BAA457358AA9A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. kobachidzei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as it necessary for confirming the taxonomic identity of Armenian specimens, when original description of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. kobachidzei" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="kobachidzei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. kobachidzei</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C40C4CD2C6FC2BDD0C600397BF3C4808" lsidName="O. kobachidzei" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="kobachidzei">
<emphasis id="0700D1CCD9B20C2FEEC49247B31C738E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. kobachidzei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was poor. Also, the illustration of aedeagus (
<bibRefCitation author="Bagdasarian, AT" journalOrPublisher="R., Zoological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B4" refString="Bagdasarian, AT, 1957. Tetranychoid mites (superfamily Tetranychoidea). Fauna of the Armenian S.S.R. Erevan Akademia Nauk Armenia S.S. R., Zoological Institute" title="Tetranychoid mites (superfamily Tetranychoidea). Fauna of the Armenian S. S. R. Erevan Akademia Nauk Armenia S. S." year="1957">Bagdasarian 1957</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="643FA83E153EEF13E259A1B1F0E52EC0" author="Bagdasarian, AT" journalOrPublisher="R., Zoological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B4" refString="Bagdasarian, AT, 1957. Tetranychoid mites (superfamily Tetranychoidea). Fauna of the Armenian S.S.R. Erevan Akademia Nauk Armenia S.S. R., Zoological Institute" title="Tetranychoid mites (superfamily Tetranychoidea). Fauna of the Armenian S. S. R. Erevan Akademia Nauk Armenia S. S." year="1957">Bagdasarian 1957</bibRefCitation>
) was not clear and did not appear to be in a completely lateral position. The identity of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. kobachidzei" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="kobachidzei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. kobachidzei</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C7479965E57ABACB925A671EF8CC16E3" lsidName="O. kobachidzei" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="kobachidzei">
<emphasis id="586A0230F5CDBE1F38370EEC3E2ACF98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. kobachidzei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its redescription is doubtful until the male and female are comprehensively described from the type host and locality.
</paragraph>

143
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galeata Nesheim &amp; Masner
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="10" pageNumber="81">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="185636706F637AF98A3433AFA8305988" pageId="10" pageNumber="81">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 37-42
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="82" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="82" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="9C40FE0A9595D4A41F81870B3D384F4A" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" type="description">
<paragraph id="40A171915571310189A01ED65C5A4DE8" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<pageBreakToken id="EAFF2E37B2CE093773D9381F18EFED97" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Female body length: 2.02-2.44 mm (n=15). Male body length: 1.84-2.10 mm (n=5).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Median keel on frons: present. Sculpture of lower frons: with multiple transverse rugae. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: without setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<paragraph id="0EB284A43C20B30ECEFC3E9D60852E6D" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Female body length: 2.02-2.44 mm (n=15). Male body length: 1.84-2.10 mm (n=5).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="19992C4E9281726F38CC46FF36B97F07" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Median keel on frons: present. Sculpture of lower frons: with multiple transverse rugae. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: without setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption id="BA76A301419A37744D85FA00D970FC37" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<paragraph id="B1EAD1B4A87531F0B490A93AAE7F32B4" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
Figures 37-42.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia galeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galeata">Phanuromyia galeata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1F18CFA9F42BA382F95986C41BA8EBC8" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia galeata" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="galeata">Phanuromyia galeata</taxonomicName>
♀ (OSUC555798), 37 Dorsal habitus 38 Lateral habitus 39 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 40 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 41 Head, mouthparts, anteroventral view 42 Frons, anteroventral view. Scale bar in millimeters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: with strong, parallel longitudinal keels. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: smooth. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Color of coxae: dark brown to black, contrasting with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="82">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: entirely costate. Posterior margin of T2: straight; slightly convex. Number of visible terga past T2: 5. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD385817F42B73E289A2F2892BE71397" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: with strong, parallel longitudinal keels. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: smooth. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="54DD983E341D8F56686BF0E6948AC940" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Color of coxae: dark brown to black, contrasting with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE8912F17651737E8EE06900EF456A7D" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: entirely costate. Posterior margin of T2: straight; slightly convex. Number of visible terga past T2: 5. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="82" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia galeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galeata">Phanuromyia galeata</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="939562F5B4DD6319AFB48861DDCDCDBE" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7E3CAA755BC23B9AB754E3BAE0DA4764" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="075ACC32F6B7FF6069E2C89D27501294" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicName id="88D5A40939E88F67A645B2F8B0C4D60D" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia galeata" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="galeata">Phanuromyia galeata</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the median keel on the frons.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="82" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<subSubSection id="EA30F0A569275088123AF299ED903DE1" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="108C7117E6B87C8F22EB00C997640C70" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3709DEDD7961F5005BE79D9480ADA3AC" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
The name
<taxonomicName genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha galeata" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="galeata">galeata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="11FDB3745EDBA155BBA5DF645E502486" genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha galeata" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="galeata">galeata</taxonomicName>
is derived from a Latin word for helmet because this species has a large head evoking the image of a knight wearing a helmet. This name is to be used as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="82" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="82">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=386058]</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="A8FFE14AF0EBAA851F6BCEB036C3E97E" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5046DBE2E0219B4B854EF797294D5A0F" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="536EE7021BC426028187D2E09922EF20" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=386058]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="82" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<subSubSection id="FE43D195C7CA43C25D0EBB2797912C24" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="90589C2FF6A886F85DBCED0D3984CF7F" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56C34AF72A9B11DAF73AD0AB3116F68A" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
Holotype, female: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Prov., road to
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4F5F5F8228866C4E74DE8F728EAB8CFA" originalValue="Rincón">Rincon</normalizedToken>
, 24 km W Pan-American Highway, 200 m, III-1989 - V-1989, Hanson &amp; Gauld, OSUC550198 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: (62 females, 5 males) BELIZE: 1 female, OSUC550083 (CNCI). BRAZIL: 3 females, OSUC149315-149316, 550188 (CNCI). COLOMBIA: 2 females, OSUC149320 (CNCI); OSUC170507 (OSUC). COSTA RICA: 21 females, 3 males, OSUC149313, 149319, 149321-149324, 149326, 359303, 550087, 550093-550097, 550189-550197, 550199 (CNCI). ECUADOR: 18 females, 2 males, OSUC149310-149311, 149325, 550170-550184, 550187, 550200 (CNCI). EL SALVADOR: 5 females, OSUC550088-550092 (CNCI). FRENCH GUIANA: 6 females, OSUC149317-149318, 550102, 550116, 555798, 555801 (CNCI). MEXICO: 1 female, OSUC320968 (CNCI). PERU: 5 females, OSUC149312, 149314, 550106, 550185-550186 (CNCI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="82" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
<subSubSection id="E87C54E1FFDC3A494F0CC4C8489A9BAB" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" type="comments">
<paragraph id="7660892400AB444C24CA64D6DFFBF762" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5FD383F5E44EDC006F7582ADCD8A8D64" pageId="11" pageNumber="82">
This species most closely resembles
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. galerita" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="galerita">P. galerita</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="7D0D0B8DB9E7381440F44D104327EEB5" lsidName="P. galerita" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="galerita">P. galerita</taxonomicName>
, but the two can be easily distinguished from each other by comparing the mandibles:
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. galeata" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="galeata">P. galeata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="AC06EFAB58B76E551E084F02503B850D" lsidName="P. galeata" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="galeata">P. galeata</taxonomicName>
has a slender mandible with a small median tooth, while
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. galerita" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="galerita">P. galerita</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="771E9D0EE0764C1F3C39F322853D829A" lsidName="P. galerita" pageId="11" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="galerita">P. galerita</taxonomicName>
has much broader mandibles and a median tooth as large as the outer teeth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

122
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Saga_cappadocica" authority="Werner, 1903" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Saga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saga cappadocica" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cappadocica">Saga cappadocica Werner, 1903</taxonomicName>
<treatment id="28A81FF14313CD7803F46239847DFCE3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050473" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:28A81FF14313CD7803F46239847DFCE3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/28A81FF14313CD7803F46239847DFCE3" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" scope_family="Tettigoniidae" scope_order="Orthoptera" scope_subFamily="Bradyporinae" scope_subOrder="Ensifera">
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<paragraph id="40B16B6DD797BD5BE40C0FDD9524EA6E" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="1C5505E928A4DB4CD119BAFDBC403E28" ID-CoL="6WZVN" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Saga_cappadocica" authority="Werner, 1903" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1903" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Saga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saga cappadocica" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cappadocica">Saga cappadocica Werner, 1903</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<subSubSection id="D1AA67B612C50EFD53D593C90D6E46F4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="575110D70D3E516C63FD9F636747F54E" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BEFE364445BFED0093335998FD3C38F0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Endemic for Turkey - central Anatolia (Figure 16a) (
<bibRefCitation author="Kaltenbach, A" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="3 - 107" title="Unterlagen fuer eine Monographie der Saginae I. Superrevision der Gattung Saga Charpentier (Saltatoria: Tettigoniidae)." volume="17" year="1967">Kaltenbach 1967</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="8B46AE2E69BEAFA11091B6DF3178F446" author="Kaltenbach, A" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="3 - 107" title="Unterlagen fuer eine Monographie der Saginae I. Superrevision der Gattung Saga Charpentier (Saltatoria: Tettigoniidae)." volume="17" year="1967">Kaltenbach 1967</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Kaltenbach, A" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Beitraege" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="155 - 245" title="Unterlagen fuer eine Monographie der Saginae II. Beitraege zur Autooekologie der Gattung Saga Charpentier (Saltatoria: Tettigoniidae)." volume="16" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="C1673A54DE6E6216B8934926FB6D47D8" author="Kaltenbach, A" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Beitraege" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="155 - 245" title="Unterlagen fuer eine Monographie der Saginae II. Beitraege zur Autooekologie der Gattung Saga Charpentier (Saltatoria: Tettigoniidae)." volume="16" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<caption id="EF053D66C3EF0464580D55F381E2320D" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph id="5799C12E67771436D95203E58E6CE782" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Figure 16. Distribution map (A) and male calling song of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Saga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saga cappadocica" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cappadocica">Saga cappadocica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9E96AA9CC9698A6350981C7D1F6B30FA" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Saga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saga cappadocica" order="Orthoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cappadocica">Saga cappadocica</taxonomicName>
(B sequences of repetitive units C a group of repetitive units and D a complete repetitive unit).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="song recording">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">Song</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="834238991C617C861C851F449D665BDB" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="song recording">
<paragraph id="83422AB7623A8F9F8FF8A34178F18A3F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<pageBreakToken id="78DA2CB18BFDA8DADA0343C435F56FA2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">Song</pageBreakToken>
recording.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<paragraph id="89E163C0C1D0895D211895852976C718" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Male specimens collected from Turkey, Ankara,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çubuk-Şabanözü">Cubuk-Sabanoezue</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="73762B6DBDE407187240E1FAA727F831" originalValue="Çubuk-Şabanözü">Cubuk-Sabanoezue</normalizedToken>
yolu 6 km, Mutlu
<normalizedToken originalValue="köyü">koeyue</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="1E4973ABF58EE400DD540CE7E4DA60E5" originalValue="köyü">koeyue</normalizedToken>
yolu,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.246">40°14.760'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="607E70FD8FDA0050D14FC859E23E6C17" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.246">40°14.760'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="33.08665">33°05.199'E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="190D80617C7A8FBFDF904AE33CE2750D" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="33.08665">33°05.199'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1090 m, 10.VII.2011 (by D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="CD8F6EE4C8522DBD7BE952C56578FC34" originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
) and calling song recorded from 3 males at 24 °C in the field (by D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A9BEC0159B6B48BFD781CA745F88D7A0" originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description of song">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description of song.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="C620CA3F34E4AD2806949FAED9465F0F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description of song">
<paragraph id="EB567929308058176C3EF739E75A4DF1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description of song.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="02CCB3932C618EC8CA43B2D3FC255B2F" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Total of six records from three males was examined. Oscillographic analyses showed that two possibilities (i) each syllable contains three similar elements (usually crescendo) and phrase consists of a great number of them or (ii) there are micro-phrases of three syllables in a crescending sequence and phrase consists of a great number of this micro-phrases (Figure 16c). So, repetitive unit term was used for this situation to describe the song. The calling song consists of repetitive unit sequences of variable duration (Figure 16b). The phrase begins with 1-2 repetitive units that are quieter than the following ones. Phrase duration varies between 1.02 and 8.12 s (4.15
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F432DCFD9E437C5479EDF4C3685483A3" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.29). The number of repetitive unit in 100 ms is approximately 2.5 and repetitive unit duration varies between 36 and 42 ms (39.11
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="88887358FA3A11C6633FE788CFED4249" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.90) with an interval of 6-9 ms (6.72
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="1266A32EFED4612C06FF82D45B8A4BD4" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.19). Each element includes 4-8 impulses and the duration of each element (Figure 16d) varies between 5 and 9 ms (7.16
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8804C75AC13C0C869B318A182DCB2480" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.79).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

139
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@ -1,110 +1,109 @@
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903454" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6F72B99A-A5AA-4F40-AEA0-4197D000A302" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D04669065B4BA8F42D3B88D9B5B729D" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/6F72B99A-A5AA-4F40-AEA0-4197D000A302" authority="Nesheim &amp; Masner" class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia dissidens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissidens">Phanuromyia dissidens Nesheim &amp; Masner</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="9" pageNumber="80">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<treatment id="2D04669065B4BA8F42D3B88D9B5B729D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903454" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6F72B99A-A5AA-4F40-AEA0-4197D000A302" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D04669065B4BA8F42D3B88D9B5B729D" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" scope_family="Platygastridae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Telenominae">
<subSubSection id="ABEA420BA8D9F160B100D192D167B0E6" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0565243371ED90E1ED8F56C6C20A91EB" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="9EBDD2EAA70686F0E787E4AF6EBADA94" LSID="http://zoobank.org/6F72B99A-A5AA-4F40-AEA0-4197D000A302" authority="Nesheim &amp; Masner" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia dissidens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissidens">Phanuromyia dissidens Nesheim &amp; Masner</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="79DF27A57367F1E939EC0FB58BE5AC64" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 30, 31-36
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Female body length: 1.07-2.22 mm (n=4).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Median keel on frons: present. Sculpture of lower frons: with multiple transverse rugae. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: evenly covered with setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
<subSubSection id="CA9F47D8F7EE5EC15733A4D9FD5B9741" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="description">
<paragraph id="F2C3B12751204374D42C3910A12D1119" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F49D3706F1700AC1E05E5046D1AE137B" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Female body length: 1.07-2.22 mm (n=4).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="378A0A68C3FC215D92B9A2B686149ACB" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Median keel on frons: present. Sculpture of lower frons: with multiple transverse rugae. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: evenly covered with setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption id="3DEFF85051D306B382394A7A938E542C" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
<paragraph id="04CFA49E07205A3318B3B1D9A6C5D46A" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
Figures 31-36.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia dissidens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissidens">Phanuromyia dissidens</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="BE0A5A23593C0E1B70C4FB61D6B9A0E7" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia dissidens" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="dissidens">Phanuromyia dissidens</taxonomicName>
♀ (OSUC149412), 31 Lateral habitus 32 Dorsal habitus 33 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 34 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 35 Head, mouthparts, anteroventral view 36 Frons, anteroventral view. Scale bar in millimeters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: costate at sides, smooth medially; entirely costate. Posterior margin of T2: straight; slightly convex. Number of visible terga past T2: 5. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F88B8F84379A063F792969E4EBAD56C4" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ED87AEB903C1C57F0D3A8D0F3A3A73AC" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C48026DB716A5CC805721FF497DEA48C" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: costate at sides, smooth medially; entirely costate. Posterior margin of T2: straight; slightly convex. Number of visible terga past T2: 5. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia dissidens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dissidens">Phanuromyia dissidens</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="257B32FA7C113CF723BAD180F205ACE2" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="82F96D179FB89BC8384366F4BF8EEBBF" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8D5CCC5C2A1596C3BC99F61B02C838DB" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
<taxonomicName id="79E3D99375A72CB092D65A470DD964A5" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia dissidens" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="dissidens">Phanuromyia dissidens</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the even covering of setiferous punctures on the frons.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
<subSubSection id="8705F65EF9ABA7443D7CF2D8045BB150" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="873AB3006407B0FBFB6937C7D4B60A26" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF09A2E919AE72C87A044AF77460EA6D" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
The name
<taxonomicName genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha dissidens" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="dissidens">dissidens</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CDFCB362423E441803E0AA46F4B28F63" genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha dissidens" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="dissidens">dissidens</taxonomicName>
is derived from the Latin word for differing because this species has an evenly punctured frons, differentiating it from the other species in the group. This name is to be used as a participle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=403721]</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="E6E08B8E98E57975FE8B94DDB3E2C0F7" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DC6225416215AF126987951C8A9AB55A" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6758F7854A6DBA05E53395E68BE11B67" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=403721]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
<subSubSection id="4B5C350969A18E7FB6651FD80EDE07FD" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8CF76C7B98899B7CEFEA308855BF40D9" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E2FA6173A7C5BBE4D290EE79AC3876D7" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
Holotype, female: BRAZIL: MT, 500m,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-12.766666">12°46'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="8EEDCEE2BC87023C8DE1DEBEA619AE1E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-12.766666">12°46'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-55.5">55°30'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="60DE39DE9BA3DC00D07D449F596CD696" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-55.5">55°30'W</geoCoordinate>
, Vila Vera, X-1973, M. Alvarenga, OSUC149412 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: (3 females) BOLIVIA: 1 female, OSUC550077 (CNCI). FRENCH GUIANA: 2 females, OSUC550105, 550110 (CNCI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
<subSubSection id="4753975810E75DC6CC9476AB30EB832C" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="comments">
<paragraph id="37A77A14A36100444FC59EA023DDA3AA" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2785FEAB84E55B21EBC80576C8844242" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">
This species most closely resembles
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. krossotos" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="krossotos">P. krossotos</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="59925775D8046F2F75CA170AE3EE903F" lsidName="P. krossotos" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="krossotos">P. krossotos</taxonomicName>
.
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<taxonomicName id="C70DDDF413135E4FC0BA86246B4872E9" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia dissedens" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" rank="species" species="dissedens">Phanuromyia dissedens</taxonomicName>
may be distinguished by the absence of patches of setae on laterally on T2.
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106
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<paragraph id="F1D4D6EA3C6E4DC7836EF837F5B6581C" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Note.</paragraph>
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includes 25 described North American species in three genera:
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@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ Hartig, 1840,
Ashmead, 1903 (
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). The North American members of this tribe are gall inducers on various
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or inquilines in the galls of
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<emphasis id="941375FCCCF85C5B0B074519021A9A85" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Diastrophus</emphasis>

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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/DA85EF19-E1F9-4E63-8164-6437A76CF006" authority="Nesheim" class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia constellata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constellata">Phanuromyia constellata Nesheim</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="417CCCCA67FFB055D810CF27FCC7DA98" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="142D15A8F77DBF0B2C9690DB73FD30F6" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 7-12
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Female body length: 1.43-1.54 mm (n=3).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with 3-6 transverse rugae medially. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with two rows of setiferous punctures converging medially and then diverging ventrally.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: smooth. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="73" start="start">T</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="4DA729A8D70B422E7F9D29AAAC17089A" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="description">
<paragraph id="BCD2E9997F0F812732378D9173F37851" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75A9B98356A6A86CC59A5223ACB9D536" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Female body length: 1.43-1.54 mm (n=3).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="93C7D6DD24F56856530921BB9AE016BA" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with 3-6 transverse rugae medially. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with two rows of setiferous punctures converging medially and then diverging ventrally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE80622FC68D630A9696F82A9B6565A8" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: smooth. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E9E6D094ABC1EDE7C142829D96ABC3A" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="76BBA53739B5A649FF21E28FE538E01D" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<pageBreakToken id="4F43763704A93E556F5D384D4D9F3F90" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" start="start">T</pageBreakToken>
1: swollen in posterior half. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: entirely costate. Posterior margin of T2: straight; only slightly concave. Number of visible terga past T2: 4 or 5. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
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<paragraph id="D9F551D98DD745961829C94E5954A065" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
Figures 7-12.
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<taxonomicName id="AD2440EDCA7FFCEF87D08377ED006CE7" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia constellata" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" rank="species" species="constellata">Phanuromyia constellata</taxonomicName>
♀ (OSUC322906), 7 Lateral habitus 8 Dorsal habitus 9 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 10 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 11 Head, mouthparts, anteroventral view 12 Head, ventral view. Scale bar in millimeters.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia constellate" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="constellate">Phanuromyia constellate</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="D5AD5FECCC2304B3B89273685D413E2E" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E0F9D2E5D85F66AD45580EE66A2A00D" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="074D826FBCEF71383C735D2CB4DCAFA4" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia constellate" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" rank="species" species="constellate">Phanuromyia constellate</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the swirling pattern of setiferous punctures on the frons.
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="74" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="9583F85CFF78A612D2B0954C63DB88C2" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="EFEC78BB27FC2C9428540FEA04C26F6D" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<pageBreakToken id="39A1B15B01A833CE63535FAC775B168F" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
.
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<paragraph id="130AD46266FAD738EB731111E995046C" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
The name
<taxonomicName genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha constellata" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="constellata">constellata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="41A46D528DBB7A1122DC987A935C832C" genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha constellata" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" rank="species" species="constellata">constellata</taxonomicName>
is derived from the Latin word for constellation because the pattern of punctures on this
<normalizedToken originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="67F9CE156F4A704B8C3A6EF77E34D023" originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
frons is reminiscent of stars in the sky. This name is to be used as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="74">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=403720]</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C4CAF3F1225B2FD857CC9AFF15C6DC88" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C4FDFEA80BAF9BB56D9FF90F6A705D18" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D7B490A3FF3D23E33D383ADC8EBC9A39" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=403720]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="74" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<subSubSection id="3719B34F7A56110F6C65D86A28D7E100" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FC70175D53407CADB106D116D0FC29B2" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E3CDCA5400C2414A687A292875D70E31" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
Holotype, female: PARAGUAY:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Canindeyú">Canindeyu</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="722BAE26219610E56679EE7C28EF7437" originalValue="Canindeyú">Canindeyu</normalizedToken>
Dept.,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jejuí-mí">Jejui-mi</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8938FCAEBCC6BB2862C95712684C68F3" originalValue="Jejuí-mí">Jejui-mi</normalizedToken>
, wet grazing floor, MT1, Bosque
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mbaracayú">Mbaracayu</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="9A85FCB0127427E6ED312652A2ADCE53" originalValue="Mbaracayú">Mbaracayu</normalizedToken>
Natural Reserve, 29.
<normalizedToken originalValue="V–">V-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="7F7714CBAF9C8DCE2EEBAFA440812B19" originalValue="V–">V-</normalizedToken>
11.VI.1996, Malaise trap, A. C. F. Costa, OSUC322906 (deposited in OSUC). Paratypes: PARAGUAY: 2 females, OSUC322905, 322907 (OSUC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

112
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@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ sp., lateral view (USNMENT01231835).
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<paragraph id="9CA71B68B810E16479E6FD1EA21C6476" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Note.</paragraph>
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is represented by an estimated 680 North American species that induce galls primarily on
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<emphasis id="2C84C4EB113A8DA03357E3BCF5B2E47F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Quercus</emphasis>
@ -136,15 +136,15 @@ Hjelmq., and
Manos, Cannon, &amp; S.H. Oh (
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). Genera belonging to
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are not keyed in the present work due to the presence of several highly unstable genera that prohibit clear morphological recognition, although recent studies (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="6E1A2508763CF2A8500932753250CD03" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4993.1.1" author="Melika, G" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="1 - 81" refId="B13" refString="Melika, G, Pujade-Villar, J, Nicholls, JA, Cuesta-Porta, V, Cooke-McEwen, C, Stone, GN, 2021. Three new Nearctic genera of oak cynipid gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini): Burnettweldia Pujade-Villar, Melika &amp; Nicholls, Nichollsiella Melika, Pujade-Villar &amp; Stone, Disholandricus Melika, Pujade-Villar &amp; Nicholls; and re-establishment of the genus Paracraspis Weld. Zootaxa 4993 (1): 1 - 81, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4993.1.1" title="Three new Nearctic genera of oak cynipid gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini): Burnettweldia Pujade-Villar, Melika &amp; Nicholls, Nichollsiella Melika, Pujade-Villar &amp; Stone, Disholandricus Melika, Pujade-Villar &amp; Nicholls; and re-establishment of the genus Paracraspis Weld." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4993.1.1" volume="4993" year="2021">Melika et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
) have made taxonomic changes that greatly ease this burden. Further revisionary studies will continue to stabilize genera in the
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, and a key to
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will be published when possible. Relevant keys for
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include
<bibRefCitation id="A4E1C8FA80C74778E9342DFA38F8E7B5" author="Weld, LH" journalOrPublisher="Ann Arbor, Michigan, privately printed" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" refId="B25" refString="Weld, LH, 1952. Cynipoidea (Hym.) 1905-1950 being a Supplement to the Dalla Torre and Kieffer monograph, the Cynipidae in Das Tierreich, Leiferung 24, 1910 and bringing the systematic literature of the world up to date, including keys to families and subfamilies and list of new generic, specific and variety names. Ann Arbor, Michigan, privately printed" title="Cynipoidea (Hym.) 1905 - 1950 being a Supplement to the Dalla Torre and Kieffer monograph, the Cynipidae in Das Tierreich, Leiferung 24, 1910 and bringing the systematic literature of the world up to date, including keys to families and subfamilies and list of new generic, specific and variety names." year="1952">Weld (1952)</bibRefCitation>
,

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<mods:namePart>Sirin, Deniz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Taylan, Mehmet Sait</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Mol, Abbas</mods:namePart>
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kurmana (Ramme, 1939)
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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<paragraph id="E1FE221166810CA502F27D9E8141EB02" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution.</paragraph>
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Endemic for Turkey - East Anatolia (Figure 9a) (
<bibRefCitation author="Karabag, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Research Council of the Israel" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="107 - 114" title="Some new and little known Pholidopterini (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) from Turkey." volume="10" year="1961">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="3D920CF00A9879AE43911A615EF0F867" author="Karabag, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Research Council of the Israel" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="107 - 114" title="Some new and little known Pholidopterini (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) from Turkey." volume="10" year="1961">
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1961
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<bibRefCitation author="Sevgili, H" journalOrPublisher="Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="317 - 335" title="Orthoptera fauna of Kemaliye (Erzincan)." volume="40" year="2012 b">Sevgili et al. 2012b</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="B36AD4D9066BB6717C4418D2EE90B5D5" author="Sevgili, H" journalOrPublisher="Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="317 - 335" title="Orthoptera fauna of Kemaliye (Erzincan)." volume="40" year="2012 b">Sevgili et al. 2012b</bibRefCitation>
).
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Figure 9. Distribution map (A) and male calling song of
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(B sequences of phrases groups C three complete phrase and D a group of syllable couples).
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recording.
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Male specimens collected from Turkey, Malatya,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="38.318367">38°19.102'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1862 m, 02.VI.2010 (by D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="ED702A4E6F705B205217D1BF955DEEE5" originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
),
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gürobası">Guerobasi</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="köyü">koeyue</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="üstleri">uestleri</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C3B865C660CEA7661D6716A64846AE1F" originalValue="Gürobası">Guerobasi</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="089BE4EF68097E0F948B14A7ADE24004" originalValue="köyü">koeyue</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="341FB415C79A3755B54DEE25505AF302" originalValue="üstleri">uestleri</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="38.085632">38°05.138'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="FC9F497A6EAEC69BF26D3F2983145AE7" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="38.085632">38°05.138'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="37.976265">37°58.576'E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D28920317ABC13D9A566563424A4811A" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="37.976265">37°58.576'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1791 m, 04.VII.2012 (by D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="59E3AC00665ECDD7F2689CAA8C7527F3" originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
&amp; A. Mol) and calling song recorded from three males at 32 °C in laboratory (by D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="6B36FACDFDE6D984731091FC06B1DBA0" originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
).
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description of song">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description of song.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="988423690A602FD5BCDDD5F24125EDC3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description of song">
<paragraph id="049932712F1777B94EBE02FF5FDE7DCA" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description of song.</paragraph>
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Eight records from three males were evaluated. The calling song consists of a series of phrases (Figure 9b) with an interval 256-693 ms (392
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E4B6C8F64E25232F97B67670EDB46295" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.13). Phrases are consisting of 9-13 (10.40
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B4F80BF5A07EDD527D0301FD7CC0197D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.98) syllables. The phrase begins with a quiet syllable (Figure 9c). Oscillographic analyses showed that each phrase involves a few couples of syllables (Figure 9d). Syllable couple duration varies between 50-72 ms (61.61
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C63E16DB02B5E79C71FD65EFFB55B135" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
4.79) with an interval of 2-5 ms (3.24
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="83005EC86D152071A47ACBFC393A2711" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.97). First syllable in these couples lasts 23-33 ms (28.23
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="6D346C41445DD1DB97AB58DEA3AC1713" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.93) and contains a quieter beginning part (6-8 ms (7.17
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2299818B18A7238DA7A083EE3786B32C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.77)) and a louder part (17-22 ms (21.52
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4DFF7602215011D719D943BCD06BDF71" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.33)). First syllable in these couples is followed by a second syllable (except first syllable). Duration of the second syllable varies between 32-42 ms (34.85
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="05934679F5E969A13ACC8FAB54F1F356" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.33).
</paragraph>
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146
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5.
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Meyer &amp; Ryke, 1959: 344.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Protea coronata</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="69F7C079434A19FFEAF77110142CD202" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
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(
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); South Africa.
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Meyer &amp; Ryke was described from only females, and details of the male were absent in both the original (
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) and subsequent descriptions (
<bibRefCitation author="Meyer, MKPS" journalOrPublisher="Entomology Memoir, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B106" refString="Meyer, MKPS, 1974. A revision of the Tetranychidae of Africa (Acari) with a key to the genera of the world. Entomology Memoir, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" title="A revision of the Tetranychidae of Africa (Acari) with a key to the genera of the world." year="1974">Meyer 1974</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="40EB9417F284D4EC1B6577E4D629F212" author="Meyer, MKPS" journalOrPublisher="Entomology Memoir, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B106" refString="Meyer, MKPS, 1974. A revision of the Tetranychidae of Africa (Acari) with a key to the genera of the world. Entomology Memoir, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" title="A revision of the Tetranychidae of Africa (Acari) with a key to the genera of the world." year="1974">Meyer 1974</bibRefCitation>
). The taxonomic status of this species has remained doubtful since it was proposed (
<bibRefCitation author="Meyer, MKPS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="330 - 366" refId="B103" refString="Meyer, MKPS, Ryke, PAJ, 1959. A revision of the spider mites (Acarina: Tetranychidae) of South Africa, with descriptions of a new genus and new species. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 22: 330 - 366" title="A revision of the spider mites (Acarina: Tetranychidae) of South Africa, with descriptions of a new genus and new species." volume="22" year="1959">Meyer and Ryke 1959</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="27902B1A1F33C02E5F04C15DF95B4B4C" author="Meyer, MKPS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="330 - 366" refId="B103" refString="Meyer, MKPS, Ryke, PAJ, 1959. A revision of the spider mites (Acarina: Tetranychidae) of South Africa, with descriptions of a new genus and new species. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 22: 330 - 366" title="A revision of the spider mites (Acarina: Tetranychidae) of South Africa, with descriptions of a new genus and new species." volume="22" year="1959">Meyer and Ryke 1959</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Meyer, MKPS" journalOrPublisher="Entomology Memoir, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B106" refString="Meyer, MKPS, 1974. A revision of the Tetranychidae of Africa (Acari) with a key to the genera of the world. Entomology Memoir, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" title="A revision of the Tetranychidae of Africa (Acari) with a key to the genera of the world." year="1974">Meyer 1974</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="00CAB737289DC70B547ABC5B95F10966" author="Meyer, MKPS" journalOrPublisher="Entomology Memoir, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B106" refString="Meyer, MKPS, 1974. A revision of the Tetranychidae of Africa (Acari) with a key to the genera of the world. Entomology Memoir, Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" title="A revision of the Tetranychidae of Africa (Acari) with a key to the genera of the world." year="1974">Meyer 1974</bibRefCitation>
), and it was excluded from the list of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="C5F38EC26934C0D9C2111188BD332B9F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
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species reported from Africa (
<bibRefCitation author="Meyer, MKPS" journalOrPublisher="Entomology Memoir, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, Republic of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B107" refString="Meyer, MKPS, 1987. African Tetranychidae (Acari: Prostigmata) - with reference to the world genera. Entomology Memoir, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, Republic of South Africa" title="African Tetranychidae (Acari: Prostigmata) - with reference to the world genera." year="1987">Meyer 1987</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="F54B71EDFDAC36A7E67667BA67CDA725" author="Meyer, MKPS" journalOrPublisher="Entomology Memoir, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, Republic of South Africa" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B107" refString="Meyer, MKPS, 1987. African Tetranychidae (Acari: Prostigmata) - with reference to the world genera. Entomology Memoir, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, Republic of South Africa" title="African Tetranychidae (Acari: Prostigmata) - with reference to the world genera." year="1987">Meyer 1987</bibRefCitation>
). The species identity of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. proteae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="proteae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. proteae</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7BAF02695ACBFA235C2D33CFF881126D" lsidName="O. proteae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="proteae">
<emphasis id="624E20A19DDC5341B639A0C27202CEDF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. proteae</emphasis>
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will be resolved after collecting and describing the male from the type host and locality.
</paragraph>

168
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191723248" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3AFC88BE2958584791981D54B1E4972F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3AFC88BE2958584791981D54B1E4972F" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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8.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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Tuttle, Baker &amp; Abbatiello, 1974: 15.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia xalapensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xalapensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Conostegia xalapensis</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="30D6AC87C5AAEE7201940A64D41ABCF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="7150B9FA079125F9BF20A321D56A1CB1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Conostegia xalapensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xalapensis">
<emphasis id="AA4F91219A238C611CD9CDF0B32E0108" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Conostegia xalapensis</emphasis>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="8FFA7638FEE642AED375C652FA5DAE4F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
); Mexico.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tuttle, Baker &amp; Abbatiello" authorityYear="1974" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus conostegiae" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conostegiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus conostegiae</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="2552B8421404D4B371E642F04C4A6F2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="928FF7188652EF9930F6D43B257C8DA9" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="58F8377CC943FA0528AE41B436033545" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus conostegiae</emphasis>
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Tuttle, Baker &amp; Abbatiello was briefly described from only females, and details of the male were absent in both the original (
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) and subsequent description (
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<bibRefCitation id="691954FA69173CFF1B8BD7E28A457AA1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760" author="Tuttle, DM" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Acarology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 102" refId="B142" refString="Tuttle, DM, Baker, EW, Abbatiello, M, 1976. Spider mites of Mexico (Acarina: Tetranychidae). International Journal of Acarology 2: 1 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760" title="Spider mites of Mexico (Acarina: Tetranychidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760" volume="2" year="1976">Tuttle et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
). The authors compared it with the female of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. gambelli" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="gambelli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. gambelli</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="02511272524A238219E29CA15B750055" lsidName="O. gambelli" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="gambelli">
<emphasis id="8C4E247B392F3A2162264572B7A9594A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. gambelli</emphasis>
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(described from USA on
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Quercus gambelii</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="45BA779891E618E1922616B6D0481317" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus gambelii" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gambelii">
<emphasis id="44EDAC562FE8745F75C90094FF8E60A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Quercus gambelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
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<taxonomicName id="48E23CDB8789BE5808ED037C677EAC58" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
), and both species differed based on the often variable number of tactile setae proximal to the proximal duplex on tarsus I (
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). Later,
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. conostegiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="conostegiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. conostegiae</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="57A791437BB845587406EB71466C7053" lsidName="O. conostegiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="conostegiae">
<emphasis id="8E8CC1652A1FF5CF5C1CB37908611B7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. conostegiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was separated from females of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. platani" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="platani">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. platani</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7DF91658212812CF1E86A5ED9D1057BE" lsidName="O. platani" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="platani">
<emphasis id="581C831A2CD38DFAE3093AFC20F3598B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. platani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(described from USA on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Platanus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Platanus occidentalis" order="Proteales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Platanus occidentalis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BC2F675CD13D6C4EF851922759A4AA9D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" genus="Platanus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Platanus occidentalis" order="Proteales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="950C42A540E7692A4EFFE3860E6C6FEB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Platanus occidentalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
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<taxonomicName id="3E6FD3BD69DF2A78B7764B66D33DEB84" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Platanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Proteales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Platanaceae</taxonomicName>
) in a diagnostic key, using differences in the comparative lengths of the members of the duplex setae (
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<bibRefCitation id="BD109BD9D983EC3C06A83BEF62382460" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2421963" author="McGregor, EA" journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="257 - 420" refId="B98" refString="McGregor, EA, 1950. Mites of the family Tetranychidae. American Midland Naturalist 44: 257 - 420, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2421963" title="Mites of the family Tetranychidae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2421963" volume="44" year="1950">McGregor 1950</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760" author="Tuttle, DM" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Acarology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 102" refId="B142" refString="Tuttle, DM, Baker, EW, Abbatiello, M, 1976. Spider mites of Mexico (Acarina: Tetranychidae). International Journal of Acarology 2: 1 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760" title="Spider mites of Mexico (Acarina: Tetranychidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760" volume="2" year="1976">Tuttle et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="D0FA83B29C6BBAED8C3571994BB5A76D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760" author="Tuttle, DM" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Acarology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 102" refId="B142" refString="Tuttle, DM, Baker, EW, Abbatiello, M, 1976. Spider mites of Mexico (Acarina: Tetranychidae). International Journal of Acarology 2: 1 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760" title="Spider mites of Mexico (Acarina: Tetranychidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760" volume="2" year="1976">Tuttle et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
). These three species are distributed in similar geographical localities (
<bibRefCitation author="Migeon, A" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" publicationUrl="http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" refId="B111" refString="Migeon, A, Dorkeld, F, 2021. Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae. http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" title="Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae." url="http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" year="2021">Migeon and Dorkeld 2021</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="B5E962F29472E219594781A1189B496B" author="Migeon, A" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" publicationUrl="http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" refId="B111" refString="Migeon, A, Dorkeld, F, 2021. Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae. http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" title="Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae." url="http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" year="2021">Migeon and Dorkeld 2021</bibRefCitation>
), and their separation requires further taxonomic scrutiny. The species identity of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. conostegiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="conostegiae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. conostegiae</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E4A2D709891B396B6C3C24E17FF0BF9D" lsidName="O. conostegiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="conostegiae">
<emphasis id="A06D5B04631F692B6344D9B5B6BDF7A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. conostegiae</emphasis>
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will be clear after collecting and describing the male from the type host and locality.
</paragraph>

138
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Psorodonotus_ebneri" authority="Karabag, 1952" authorityName="Karabag" authorityYear="1952" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Psorodonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psorodonotus ebneri" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ebneri">
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<paragraph id="8D0AB5DACED08791A8C9372546D21D09" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Psorodonotus ebneri
<normalizedToken originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B823F0E65D2CDD007ECB6E4C9689D1E1" originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
, 1952
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="BB7E2069443D534B21D8439527C7AAF7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="730C79AC4F7ED02A86F8239795DCE67D" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0E642BD1CBFF5A1DE0B5002CFB6A61AA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Endemic for Turkey - Southwest Anatolia (Figure 13a) (
<bibRefCitation author="Karabag, T" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B)" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="27 - 34" title="Six new Decticinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Turkey." volume="21" year="1952">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="7649219F0BA8203314BBD9861BB65244" author="Karabag, T" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B)" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="27 - 34" title="Six new Decticinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Turkey." volume="21" year="1952">
<normalizedToken id="61D6FCDA01AF40160F9AEA9B997109D5" originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
1952
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,
<bibRefCitation author="Karabag, T" journalOrPublisher="Sirketi Murettebiye Basimevi, Istanbul" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" title="Tuerkiye'nin Orthoptera faunasi." year="1958">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="5C863173A458D02CBCBB2A977E3AF3E5" originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
1958
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).
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
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Figure 13. Distribution map (A) and male calling song of
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<taxonomicName id="F743D93175B9437F74CF9F0F44A252DF" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Psorodonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psorodonotus ebneri" order="Orthoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ebneri">Psorodonotus ebneri</taxonomicName>
(B sequences of syllables C two complete syllables and D a complete syllable).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="song recording">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Song recording.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="780186C1B95CED82131F095A47601155" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="song recording">
<paragraph id="54FF82A4673E9B32BFDC040C7DB2B00F" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Song recording.</paragraph>
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Male specimens collected from Turkey, Antalya,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saklıkent">Saklikent</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="arası">arasi</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="92554A9FF4F65AD760C01695AC156430" originalValue="arası">arasi</normalizedToken>
(It is type locality of species.),
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.826916">36°49.615'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="17D47DBFAA24B446FFCADDFBB8A15E90" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.826916">36°49.615'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="30.286917">30°17.215'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1765 m, 30.VII.2010 (by A. Mol) and calling song recorded from two males at 31 °C in laboratory (D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
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).
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description of song.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="BCB1A5E10B6BF973FF44D49C2FE6460C" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description of song">
<paragraph id="3440ADC01C38499FCE0130670A8072A5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description of song.</paragraph>
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Totally five records from two males were examined. The calling song includes isolated syllables (Figure 13b, c) with an interval 1.76-2.52 s (2.18
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="76DF6EEED9E70C7D8657500482F0F4B4" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.15). Syllable duration varies between 73-88 ms (80.41
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="5F7A7CFF822449D7B15E37E2977CB67B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
4.96). Oscillo
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<pageBreakToken id="FD06A9F7A2DF42C523760CDB8D1F35C9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">graphic</pageBreakToken>
analyses showed that each syllable includes three elements (quieter-louder-quieter) (Figure 13d). First element of a syllable (rarely absent) is a quieter part and its duration varies between 3-6 ms (3.67
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="3A2D4542C26F9E38342CB2B1E9BED27A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.29). The first element of syllable is followed by a louder part after an interval of 4-7 ms (5.57
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="6912652144D296800FFED0D3D86C8031" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.81). The louder part (middle element) of syllable consists of 12-18 (15.33
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B25B06FEBB18CAFFC062969FF95E4AF5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.96) pulses and its duration varies from
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">33</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="DEF3C7AC022B832E92D46360D076E2D6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">33</pageBreakToken>
to 38 ms (35.26
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D3FD524BFD76F5814E7B1C325FD55C3A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.88). The louder part is followed by another quieter part (last element) after an interval of 25-32 ms (27.83
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B5184B9333FFEDDA4248B29B347B608B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.40) and its duration varies between 2 and 4 ms (3.10
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E125B733709D24E3EBFC520C30018974" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.60).
</paragraph>
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137
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903452" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9785C5ED-ABDC-405E-B771-999C038B87CC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/48DD3912E7741DB007972839641C25DB" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/9785C5ED-ABDC-405E-B771-999C038B87CC" authority="Nesheim &amp; Masner" class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia cudo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cudo">Phanuromyia cudo Nesheim &amp; Masner</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="77">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<treatment id="48DD3912E7741DB007972839641C25DB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903452" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9785C5ED-ABDC-405E-B771-999C038B87CC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/48DD3912E7741DB007972839641C25DB" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" scope_family="Platygastridae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Telenominae">
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<paragraph id="D6625829EF5236EB5E20D14369C07330" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="215C8D0224C3FE59F01D3A92796D0073" LSID="http://zoobank.org/9785C5ED-ABDC-405E-B771-999C038B87CC" authority="Nesheim &amp; Masner" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia cudo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cudo">Phanuromyia cudo Nesheim &amp; Masner</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5DA2E24F8034436121B116E426E8E870" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 25-30
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="78" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="78" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="2925AFA78A156C662984D9E86B7B80EE" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" type="description">
<paragraph id="BDDE06DF022EAD1D5016B87FBAD5E17D" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
<pageBreakToken id="CC76F20097E592B6CD82BF007E02E8C1" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Female body length: 1.33-1.82 mm (n=20).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with 3-6 transverse rugae medially. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with 2 rows of setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
<paragraph id="EC590C425ADF9CEF681B9D66BF3F7515" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Female body length: 1.33-1.82 mm (n=20).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="652043283701E6AC9AFE95F4644D50C7" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with 3-6 transverse rugae medially. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with 2 rows of setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption id="669C60E8A54E6814DBD99997D61CE45C" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
<paragraph id="A08A391292A83B3310CC8B1936E537CD" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
Figures 25-30.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia cudo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cudo">Phanuromyia cudo</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6AED907CBD798C1F8772E20587A30BD3" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia cudo" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="cudo">Phanuromyia cudo</taxonomicName>
♀ (OSUC550006), 25 Lateral habitus 26 Dorsal habitus 27 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 28 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 29 Head, anteroventral view 30 T1-T2, lateral view. Scale bar in millimeters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: smooth. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">T1: distinctly swollen throughout entire length. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: almost entirely smooth. Posterior margin of T2: straight. Number of visible terga past T2: 3 or 4. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BDA9AB997969B2B9956DC57F56771D1E" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: smooth. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9AAB6A248C82EA91CA7DEAA429389346" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A9F5B34AA40F47F496986D2D0F794AF" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">T1: distinctly swollen throughout entire length. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: almost entirely smooth. Posterior margin of T2: straight. Number of visible terga past T2: 3 or 4. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="78" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia cudo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cudo">Phanuromyia cudo</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="2801369128CECECF2E37ECB0B5FE784B" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B5DC2C2F945FD14AF18E259FA897132D" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="313B2A41E7F5BD86CCE196D025A4D5F6" pageId="7" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="AC47FF82C60FABA4B8BA470D339F533C" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia cudo" pageId="7" pageNumber="78" rank="species" species="cudo">Phanuromyia cudo</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the swelling of the entire T1 segment.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="79" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="B8D771FBCF881426236021FCC352E897" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="72E256285378CEED04D31D5E75E9FE90" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<pageBreakToken id="797E7CFF144FF068CC1D81668983AF3B" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<paragraph id="D085C600BF55EF86DE7091B8F2BFC6AB" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
The name
<taxonomicName genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha cudo" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="cudo">cudo</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B093ACDB06EB25BB441CE5C639ADD048" genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha cudo" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" rank="species" species="cudo">cudo</taxonomicName>
is derived from the Latin word for a helmet made of raw skin because this species has a large head evoking the image of a knight wearing a helmet. This name is to be used as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="79">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=389327]</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="8205BFB03E63D4C581F35B637C270DB9" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="58AFC73FD41795DD39C8C04176032714" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EC960B093A06AFF6AED55C321D6168D7" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=389327]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
<subSubSection id="C95D1293DDC258169A1AD33B640B40A3" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="8" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="74637F33F20EA1F9DF552B6050C864EF" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="67D4BB168F0D0D18724A7E283ACECAAF" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="8" pageNumber="79">
Holotype, female: COSTA RICA: Heredia Prov., La Selva Biological Station, 100m, X-1992, Malaise trap, P. Hanson, OSUC549938 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: (129 females) BELIZE: 1 female, OSUC550084
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="80" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="365FBB8D613F952A552861ED0CA08AFD" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
CNCI). BOLIVIA: 10 females, OSUC149379, 149405-149406, 550016-550019, 550080-550082 (CNCI). BRAZIL: 2 females, OSUC149400, 550012 (CNCI). COLOMBIA: 1 female, OSUC149407 (CNCI). COSTA RICA: 37 females, OSUC149381-149382, 149388, 149390-149391, 149394-149395, 149399, 149408, 549929-549935, 549937, 549956-549957, 549964-549965, 549978-549979, 549983, 549987, 550007, 550010, 550014, 550020-550026, 550079, 575268 (CNCI). ECUADOR: 65 females, OSUC149387, 149393, 149397, 240600, 549936, 549939-549946, 549948-549955, 549958-549963, 549966-549970, 549973-549977, 549981-549982, 549984-549986, 549988-549996, 549998-550006, 550008, 550013, 550113-550115 (CNCI). FRENCH GUIANA: 1 female, OSUC550099 (CNCI). PANAMA: 7 females, OSUC149380, 149384, 149389, 149401, 149409, 549971, 549997 (CNCI). PERU: 2 females, OSUC549980, 550107 (CNCI). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: 2 females, OSUC149383, 550015 (CNCI). VENEZUELA: 1 female, OSUC149403 (CNCI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="80">This species exhibits variation in several characters, but can be reliably diagnosed by the swollen appearance of the entirety of T2.</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="48942F9E68712F30411883F22F46C1C1" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" type="comments">
<paragraph id="E4DBB3D9878BDC02C9E82C36FEF0AE64" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731DE46FE643B9620DE6A410E9FB9F81" pageId="9" pageNumber="80">This species exhibits variation in several characters, but can be reliably diagnosed by the swollen appearance of the entirety of T2.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:namePart>Taylan, Mehmet Sait</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="4946F48793E3CB62D583FD350D5C9617" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050469" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4946F48793E3CB62D583FD350D5C9617" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4946F48793E3CB62D583FD350D5C9617" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" scope_family="Tettigoniidae" scope_order="Orthoptera" scope_subFamily="Tettigoniinae" scope_subOrder="Ensifera">
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Pezodrymadusa subinermis
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, 1961
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<paragraph id="1054AADDFC618192CFFFA666F47052BC" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</paragraph>
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Endemic for Turkey - East Anatolia (Figure 11a) (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
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Figure 11. Distribution map (A) and male calling song of
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(B sequences of phrases groups C three complete phrase and D a group of syllable couples).
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Song recording.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="188F851321E1CE0B8B3FF876A8F6ED10" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Song recording.</paragraph>
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Male specimens collected from Turkey,
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, Sivrice, Hazarbaba Kayak Merkezi
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,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="38.41715">38°25.029'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="39.312767">39°18.766'E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="5D6CF040B902BC8634A79824C1FD9031" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="39.312767">39°18.766'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1790 m, 3.VII.2012 (by D.
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amp; A. Mol), and calling song recorded from two males at 30 °C in the field which is type locality of species (by D.
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description of song.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E9B0DD12C819E49A57D46C0DED8B25B2" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description of song">
<paragraph id="C6FCD41C53038984845E0F1C4BB7967D" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description of song.</paragraph>
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Totally five records from two males were examined. The calling song consists of a series of regular phrases (Figure 11b) with an interval 355-903 ms (567
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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0.20). Phrases are consisting of 7-9 (7.23
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<normalizedToken id="8653EE0FB6E5B42FCF5C43FF19615EFE" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.63) syllables. The
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begin with a quiet (low amplitude) syllable (Figure 11c). Oscillographic analyses showed that each phrase involves a few couples of syllables (Figure 11d). Syllable couple duration varies between 54-65 ms (59.85
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="CE65A9504483A14A24FEFBEE0C5BB7EE" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.72) with an interval of 3-6 ms (4.97
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="AED799A79024C17260C17CD44ACF966E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.73). First syllable in these couples last 22-27 ms (24.73
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="9D42CD32F8295E34091D5FE626F15672" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.58) and contain a louder beginning part [15-18 ms (16.67
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="1A30D26FDD2A4C9306F868FE39CB5F0D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.12)] and a quieter part [4-8 ms (6.62
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="93EBA11BA75D498557B2F0AEEBEDD42A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.07)]. First syllable in these couples is followed by a second syllable (except first syllable) after an interval of 1-3 ms (1.22
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="7645F806C9051B6A8C29635D9B12AD46" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.09). Duration of the second syllable varies between 31 and 37 ms (33.95
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<normalizedToken id="9F8B3D742F54CF486EBAFAF6DE5AE4B6" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.17) and includes a louder part [19-23 ms (21.95
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<normalizedToken id="4E1DB69B72141DB8D892DD4EECA8FEE2" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.36)] and a pulse like quieter part (except last syllable) with duration of 8-12 ms (10.72
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="5333053884230D155EB01D86484F0769" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.43).
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154
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6.
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Reeves, 1963: 57.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Pinus strobus</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="B498E1502B15CE8903157A794684F333" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="E4D5162201034C30050C2BE8D80E0F28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Pinus strobus</emphasis>
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(
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); United States.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus nielseni</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="D7473B1574BD9D395976108B258E8929" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
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Reeves was described from only females, and details of the male were absent in both the original (
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) and subsequent description (
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). The species was not specifically compared with any other closely related
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="177E28A9D0660FF0BAA317E4960FBA4E" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9F2D2536CDA876E1F67832AAAC2F4580" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
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<bibRefCitation id="D917D4E97670086BDA8C9F5CBF031BD7" author="Reeves, RM" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Zoologyi Akademyi Nauk Gruzinskoj SSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B129" refString="Reeves, RM, 1963. Tetranychidae infesting woody plants in New York State, and a life history study of the elm mite Eotetranychusmatthyssei n. sp. Cornell University Agricultural Station Memoir, 99 pp." title="Tetranychidae infesting woody plants in New York State, and a life history study of the elm mite Eotetranychusmatthyssei n. sp. Cornell University Agricultural Station Memoir, 99 pp." year="1963">Reeves 1963</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, variations have been reported in length of dorsocentral setae of the females from different populations, e.g.,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">c1</emphasis>
<emphasis id="039F7088135A1752AB6F59A852BDD649" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">c1</emphasis>
reaching to bases of
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">e1</emphasis>
<emphasis id="FC5577832D371280F904140AE1FF22BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">e1</emphasis>
(
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<bibRefCitation id="5B619D32186C6FE743AD4634A9EAFF11" author="Reeves, RM" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Zoologyi Akademyi Nauk Gruzinskoj SSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B129" refString="Reeves, RM, 1963. Tetranychidae infesting woody plants in New York State, and a life history study of the elm mite Eotetranychusmatthyssei n. sp. Cornell University Agricultural Station Memoir, 99 pp." title="Tetranychidae infesting woody plants in New York State, and a life history study of the elm mite Eotetranychusmatthyssei n. sp. Cornell University Agricultural Station Memoir, 99 pp." year="1963">Reeves 1963</bibRefCitation>
) or
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">c1</emphasis>
<emphasis id="6A9C07FD4BEE7D750641F7860E3FFE2D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">c1</emphasis>
shorter than the interval between
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">c1-e1</emphasis>
<emphasis id="20C637A9FE4ACF4CD45A4788C23BC517" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">c1-e1</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Baker, EW" journalOrPublisher="Indira Publishing House, West Bloomfield, USA" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B9" refString="Baker, EW, Tuttle, DM, 1994. A guide to the spider mites (Tetranychidae) of the United States. Indira Publishing House, West Bloomfield, USA" title="A guide to the spider mites (Tetranychidae) of the United States." year="1994">Baker and Tuttle 1994</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="D27EE9C617F83BE929D122C82B8A1583" author="Baker, EW" journalOrPublisher="Indira Publishing House, West Bloomfield, USA" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B9" refString="Baker, EW, Tuttle, DM, 1994. A guide to the spider mites (Tetranychidae) of the United States. Indira Publishing House, West Bloomfield, USA" title="A guide to the spider mites (Tetranychidae) of the United States." year="1994">Baker and Tuttle 1994</bibRefCitation>
). The species identity of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. nielseni" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="nielseni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. nielseni</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B56954AACB0027687BFD8259A93659C3" lsidName="O. nielseni" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="nielseni">
<emphasis id="44CED0AC281BA9D14244953A1C822719" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. nielseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will be resolved after collecting and describing the male from the type host and locality.
</paragraph>

141
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<mods:title id="483A0B677BF35FAE7ADC8C29671C9113">The Phanuromyiagaleata species group (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae, Telenominae): shining a lantern into an unexplored corner of Neotropical diversity</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Nesheim, Katherine C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Masner, Lubomir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Johnson, Norman F.</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/CDCE8232-4502-4479-9317-5A7DE79295A7" authority="Nesheim" class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia hjalmr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hjalmr">Phanuromyia hjalmr Nesheim</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="13" pageNumber="84">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="61CE31C13226414802C164CCBB4DA62E" pageId="13" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="E5B081EB066980DC072C7DA93CAB5282" LSID="http://zoobank.org/CDCE8232-4502-4479-9317-5A7DE79295A7" authority="Nesheim" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia hjalmr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hjalmr">Phanuromyia hjalmr Nesheim</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D14145746255BF8B443760B0887A31D4" pageId="13" pageNumber="84">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 49-54
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="85" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="85">
<pageBreakToken pageId="14" pageNumber="85" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="0A80E2DC6E12F800AFD5BD42F66E9336" pageId="14" pageNumber="85" type="description">
<paragraph id="E7F598E5419BBF5905D2B4B3A19752CE" pageId="14" pageNumber="85">
<pageBreakToken id="AA4AE05EAD0F481D3CE4BF2C68333FB5" pageId="14" pageNumber="85" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
.
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="85">Female body length: 1.19-1.99 mm (n=6).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="85">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with irregular rugosity; with 3-6 transverse rugae medially. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with 2 rows of setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="85">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="85">
<paragraph id="CF62D64C2E9A64A5A31B0A86C34C8326" pageId="14" pageNumber="85">Female body length: 1.19-1.99 mm (n=6).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A5661952AE4F4C39DE9F49B4D96B35BB" pageId="14" pageNumber="85">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with irregular rugosity; with 3-6 transverse rugae medially. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with 2 rows of setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption id="FD76095C2FEF22B2DE9A6AEFDFAF03B3" pageId="14" pageNumber="85">
<paragraph id="2F018284BB8EEBA10D3D6DA02A3FA934" pageId="14" pageNumber="85">
Figures 49-54.
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<taxonomicName id="DCBE6C4CFE1CD1F453E7D1178D2F4F9F" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia hjalmr" pageId="14" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="hjalmr">Phanuromyia hjalmr</taxonomicName>
♀ (OSUC550078), 49 Lateral habitus 50 Dorsal habitus 51 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 52 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 53 Head, mouthparts, anteroventral view 54 T1-T2, dorsal view. Scale bar in millimeters.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="85">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="85">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="85">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: evenly costate across anterior 1/3 to 1/2, smooth in remaining apical portion. Posterior margin of T2: distinctly concave. Number of visible terga past T2: 2 or 3. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0DFA3D9E263C54A3417DC5B4B0B313D7" pageId="14" pageNumber="85">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="475E0F2A68422E781402E487642FD20B" pageId="14" pageNumber="85">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="92CC6DE2A4546148E7535519CAA6FC9D" pageId="14" pageNumber="85">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: evenly costate across anterior 1/3 to 1/2, smooth in remaining apical portion. Posterior margin of T2: distinctly concave. Number of visible terga past T2: 2 or 3. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="85" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia hjalmr" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hjalmr">Phanuromyia hjalmr</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="F30752C0BA00AD3284F7CC805BA0BC71" pageId="14" pageNumber="85">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1FB3810BDEFAAA6171BC75340FE928B4" pageId="14" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName id="F4FF2CB31CFBEDCBC1EF3ECDD4197432" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia hjalmr" pageId="14" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="hjalmr">Phanuromyia hjalmr</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the sculpture of T1, which is evenly costate across the anterior 1/3 to 1/2 and smooth in remaining apical portion, combined with the distinctly concave posterior margin of T2.
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="85" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="85">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="85">
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<paragraph id="97AEAF99CCE394F1786A27E450E24402" pageId="14" pageNumber="85">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E515B634C60F0F93B292F2B2695D0A41" pageId="14" pageNumber="85">
The name
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<taxonomicName id="01D5364ACF4D80E568B1A46A1F3DAFF7" genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha hjalmr" pageId="14" pageNumber="85" rank="species" species="hjalmr">hjalmr</taxonomicName>
is derived from the Old Norse word for helmet because this species has a large head evoking the image of a knight wearing a helmet. This name is to be used as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="85">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="85">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=403730]</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="289B5F300E3F543BEA592973B1F23C08" pageId="14" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8181313F5794224F54F1B6666173B325" pageId="14" pageNumber="85">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A7289C7B1646969CDA2BB0423CDF9C67" pageId="14" pageNumber="85">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=403730]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="86">
<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="86" start="start">Material</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="38A04A0CD94A91BD6717BCC61C6D1C7A" pageId="15" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3EBE69D6D998A2AFF90F82181F9B3A0B" pageId="15" pageNumber="86">
<pageBreakToken id="422F7481E54FD6D7FE01CB4F13A67672" pageId="15" pageNumber="86" start="start">Material</pageBreakToken>
examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="86">Holotype, female: BOLIVIA: La Paz Dept., Nor Yungas Prov., Coroico, cloud forest, B-03, El Bagante, 1500m, 18.IV.1997, screen sweeping, L. Masner, OSUC149417 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: (5 females) COSTA RICA: 1 female, OSUC550078 (CNCI). ECUADOR: 1 female, OSUC550050 (CNCI). PARAGUAY: 2 females, OSUC322901, 324322 (OSUC). VENEZUELA: 1 female, OSUC149392 (CNCI).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4A35C0C499B8CD868DD024C4A15C1659" pageId="15" pageNumber="86">Holotype, female: BOLIVIA: La Paz Dept., Nor Yungas Prov., Coroico, cloud forest, B-03, El Bagante, 1500m, 18.IV.1997, screen sweeping, L. Masner, OSUC149417 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: (5 females) COSTA RICA: 1 female, OSUC550078 (CNCI). ECUADOR: 1 female, OSUC550050 (CNCI). PARAGUAY: 2 females, OSUC322901, 324322 (OSUC). VENEZUELA: 1 female, OSUC149392 (CNCI).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="86" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="86">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="86">
<subSubSection id="34F644F66D37F8020DE56920E3632362" pageId="15" pageNumber="86" type="comments">
<paragraph id="1A831DE74A152F160FDDF83745D36FDD" pageId="15" pageNumber="86">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AB77B3F1BB36071E7C5C90A0D03D2579" pageId="15" pageNumber="86">
This species most closely resembles
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tonsura" pageId="15" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="tonsura">P. tonsura</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="BC3B975AEBAE8BA55B0905133B13A7FB" lsidName="P. tonsura" pageId="15" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="tonsura">P. tonsura</taxonomicName>
, but the two species can be distinguished by their T1 sculpture:
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tonsura" pageId="15" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="tonsura">P. tonsura</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C572EE5577294CAFFCEB222034739767" lsidName="P. tonsura" pageId="15" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="tonsura">P. tonsura</taxonomicName>
has the medial portion of T1 smooth from its anterior to posterior margin, while
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. hjalmr" pageId="15" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="hjalmr">P. hjalmr</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B57D393D0D91093AA67A0AE4876E53FA" lsidName="P. hjalmr" pageId="15" pageNumber="86" rank="species" species="hjalmr">P. hjalmr</taxonomicName>
is sculptured across the entire anterior third of T1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

130
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EA0352EAB488886C7E25FB725F02C453" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution.</paragraph>
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Endemic for Turkey - Western Anatolia (Figure 4a) (
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1958
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,
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Figure 4. Distribution map (A) and male calling song of
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(B a complete song C a complete phrase and D a group of syllables).
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Song recording.</paragraph>
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Male specimens collected from Turkey, Antalya,
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Tepe
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, 1768 m, 9.VII.2008
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by D.
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&amp; U.
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description of song.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph id="1F32444A275F398D369C5FC6FD96C7F9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description of song.</paragraph>
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Total of the six records from two males was analyzed. The calling song consists of several phrases in different duration (Figure 4b). The phrases begin with thick pulse and continue with low intensity in the first part of the phrase. The following part of phrases consists of song elements with higher intensity (Figure 4c). Phrases duration varies between 3.53-25.95 s (11.32
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5.53). Syllable duration varies between 33 and 40 ms (36.72
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1.28) with an interval of 0-3 ms (1.52
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0.09). Oscillographic analyses showed that each syllable contains different number of parts which are divided by the very short interval (lower than 2 ms). First and last part of a syllable generally consist of 2-4 shorter elements (each of 1 ms), while middle part consists of two longer elements (each of 6-8 ms).
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128
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<paragraph id="72E36FC8C52A593CDC3EBEBC8D3E8036" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="405B7CC317FDC4787819D8734DE90E60" ID-CoL="8P66K" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Apholidoptera_pietschmanni" authority="Ebner, 1912" authorityName="Ebner" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Apholidoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apholidoptera pietschmanni" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pietschmanni">
<pageBreakToken id="0D7DCB0EA442A374ACF87826BE9028B3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Apholidoptera</pageBreakToken>
pietschmanni (Ebner, 1912)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="662583A35CF55C1B21361DCD40FB0CD8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1CF7F423403894D372672D4D9104C4CE" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E67C82345F1A6DF75ABC41B5DA9250B5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Turkey and Iraq (Figure 3a) (
<bibRefCitation author="Karabag, T" journalOrPublisher="Sirketi Murettebiye Basimevi, Istanbul" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" title="Tuerkiye'nin Orthoptera faunasi." year="1958">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="CAC5B4E03C4E2932929DCD9B2E45473A" author="Karabag, T" journalOrPublisher="Sirketi Murettebiye Basimevi, Istanbul" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" title="Tuerkiye'nin Orthoptera faunasi." year="1958">
<normalizedToken id="B31762C69CC04283B98E64942C1C0A71" originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
1958
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Sevgili, H" journalOrPublisher="Italian Journal of Zoology" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="229 - 240" title="The Orthoptera of Sanliurfa province from the Mesopotomian part of the Turkey." url="10.1080/11250000009356316" volume="67" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="A8C2AAC1A95394140E50061B2576C65B" author="Sevgili, H" journalOrPublisher="Italian Journal of Zoology" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="229 - 240" title="The Orthoptera of Sanliurfa province from the Mesopotomian part of the Turkey." url="10.1080/11250000009356316" volume="67" year="2000">
Sevgili and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çıplak">Ciplak</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="7AEB0EBBC127D32E0295928F39185F95" originalValue="Çıplak">Ciplak</normalizedToken>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Uenal, M" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society (( 1890 - ))" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="157 - 203" title="Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from Turkey and the Middle East." volume="132" year="2006">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ünal">Uenal</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="F6C511C4ECABC90E102AA3E27BC6084D" author="Uenal, M" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society (( 1890 - ))" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="157 - 203" title="Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from Turkey and the Middle East." volume="132" year="2006">
<normalizedToken id="CA542AAC1A22C0698969EA443C1E2098" originalValue="Ünal">Uenal</normalizedToken>
2006
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).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<caption id="E3B1D0BC20036B847E053C916B2241F8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph id="6DE97FCCAB514BF3AEDFF1684F3A5809" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figure 3. Distribution map (A) and male calling song of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Apholidoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apholidoptera pietschmanni" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pietschmanni">Apholidoptera pietschmanni</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="44E80CA301E7A12C25AF7056556B3792" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Apholidoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apholidoptera pietschmanni" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pietschmanni">Apholidoptera pietschmanni</taxonomicName>
(B sequences of phrases C a group of phrases and D one complete phrase).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="song recording">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Song recording.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="8A92278F0673439DEE73844C3E24DF46" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="song recording">
<paragraph id="C939565FBAFF97BC926BB1F074AF6641" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Song recording.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B355CA1C21DB1471D88E9D9F02838D6D" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Male specimens collected from Turkey, Erzincan, Kemaliye, Ocak
<normalizedToken originalValue="köyü">koeyue</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="CBD7909799A1709BB923A1E89B73AE08" originalValue="köyü">koeyue</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.145535">39°08.732'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="81EFE0E9560DE5FF04DCF8A34F0E7E26" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.145535">39°08.732'N</geoCoordinate>
, 38°35'.296'E, 1485 m, 3.VII.2012 (by D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="5123188EC37B6978EC8FF9F757A07A4B" originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
&amp; A. Mol) and calling song recorded from one male at 32 °C in laboratory (by D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="FE72FCB8903E84FFEAC23603D91A1609" originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description of song">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description of song.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="06C51ACC1555D2F99BD3EC807C7CEB31" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description of song">
<paragraph id="C719E110E1A1E636AE4953AF442F6905" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description of song.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B43F0E23C81C665A73E61E35D102524A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Eight records from one male were evaluated. The calling song consists of a series of regular phrases (Figure 3b) each of which lasting 138-168 ms (152
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="85BB6F5C52F73ADD6136C498F69D1121" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.01) and consisting of 3-5 (4.01
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B815F3F01AE374F3190AC7AD5E2E8997" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.37) syllables. Syllables generally consist two uneven parts (Figure 3c, 3d). The number of syllables in 100 ms is 2.5-3 (2.62
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="399D016F3121762DEB18AB3457C8C7A9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.02). The first syllable at the beginning of the phrase is quieter (lower amplitude) than other syllables (Figure 3c, 3d). Syllable duration varies between 17 and 36 ms (29.25
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="5868DF9CB0E30F76766D7B3920FA393B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
4.15) with an interval of 0-13 ms (5.22
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C5E228B11FE09D16DA9F35B1289C370E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.78).
</paragraph>
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144
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@ -1,111 +1,111 @@
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4.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reck" authorityYear="1956" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Paratetranychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetranychus caucasicus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus">Paratetranychus caucasicus</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="21CC504BD7B96EB8D25BC9F4E6F4E4AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7357C605879E6BA509A685A615D4511A" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="88C37A85840F928FCE0270F117BCC9EF" authorityName="Reck" authorityYear="1956" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Paratetranychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetranychus caucasicus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus">Paratetranychus caucasicus</taxonomicName>
Reck, 1956: 17.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carpinus betulus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betulus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Carpinus betulus</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="118B9FD3851947B65A44AD4576DE1571" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A488857F4691A43B1839032193F83C36" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="36F2D5A6FCCBD0A02531919F7F238D92" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="604CCF1BE86105A9C4820F5541C64611" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Carpinus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carpinus betulus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="betulus">
<emphasis id="E7046175821EB1296C8FCC3F981EED9F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Carpinus betulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Corylus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Corylus avellana" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Corylus avellana</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4A26EC05A091D88AF361676179E377AB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Corylus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Corylus avellana" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis id="8DFF01D36E1695FD82A4722CB065E231" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Corylus avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A10C5CC33B918F4B3C4B53BAA5B79436" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
); Georgia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Reck" baseAuthorityYear="1956" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus caucasicus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus caucasicus</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="C96AB96E6B43912395C3B00CBEE66131" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="9376C577728E845FEB5583641F921062" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D6EE306A2F196F245E5FC4A25425FEA6" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="97C051D20250F6F2452B2C45E2090AA5" baseAuthorityName="Reck" baseAuthorityYear="1956" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus caucasicus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasicus">
<emphasis id="E5F1175D34AC744C2ACE6832705D9AEA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus caucasicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Reck) was briefly described from only the female, and the male was unknown (
<bibRefCitation author="Reck, GF" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Zoologyi Akademyi Nauk Gruzinskoj SSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="5 - 28" refId="B128" refString="Reck, GF, 1956. Novye vidy tetranihovyh klescej iz Vostocnoj Gruzii. Trudy Instituta Zoologyi Akademyi Nauk Gruzinskoj SSR 15: 5 - 28" title="Novye vidy tetranihovyh klescej iz Vostocnoj Gruzii." volume="15" year="1956">Reck 1956</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="8A01E45F73D549BE0AFD34C923716499" author="Reck, GF" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Zoologyi Akademyi Nauk Gruzinskoj SSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="5 - 28" refId="B128" refString="Reck, GF, 1956. Novye vidy tetranihovyh klescej iz Vostocnoj Gruzii. Trudy Instituta Zoologyi Akademyi Nauk Gruzinskoj SSR 15: 5 - 28" title="Novye vidy tetranihovyh klescej iz Vostocnoj Gruzii." volume="15" year="1956">Reck 1956</bibRefCitation>
). Although the description lacked illustrations, it indicated that the species did belong to the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A7290813B1E8D4C19E12FD5717699AEB" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95D9E3645F11D5EB98F0F59C35AB02A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Reck, GF" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Zoologyi Akademyi Nauk Gruzinskoj SSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="5 - 28" refId="B128" refString="Reck, GF, 1956. Novye vidy tetranihovyh klescej iz Vostocnoj Gruzii. Trudy Instituta Zoologyi Akademyi Nauk Gruzinskoj SSR 15: 5 - 28" title="Novye vidy tetranihovyh klescej iz Vostocnoj Gruzii." volume="15" year="1956">Reck 1956</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="200F43FE3BA2EB35D7F49011AAAEE88D" author="Reck, GF" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Zoologyi Akademyi Nauk Gruzinskoj SSR" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="5 - 28" refId="B128" refString="Reck, GF, 1956. Novye vidy tetranihovyh klescej iz Vostocnoj Gruzii. Trudy Instituta Zoologyi Akademyi Nauk Gruzinskoj SSR 15: 5 - 28" title="Novye vidy tetranihovyh klescej iz Vostocnoj Gruzii." volume="15" year="1956">Reck 1956</bibRefCitation>
). However, its species identity remains questionable, because the author neither described the male nor compared it specifically with any closely related species. The taxonomic status of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. caucasicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="caucasicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. caucasicus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6A01CA19369898AB54F7D3FA06829C30" lsidName="O. caucasicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="caucasicus">
<emphasis id="A0AECFF97844DACF2181BD1F7AD6979F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. caucasicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will be resolved after collecting and describing the male and female from the type host and locality.
</paragraph>

286
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Family
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName genus="Canacenae" lsidName="Canacenae" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="genus">Canacenae</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Jones, BJ" journalOrPublisher="University of California Publications in Entomology" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="153 - 198" title="Catalogue of the Ephydridae, with bibliography and description of new species." volume="1" year="1906">Jones 1906</bibRefCitation>
<subSubSection id="49FDEFD90383957256D7F5BE13062BA8" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="FBE16BF49ABE6225241FD2BFEF617EB1" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="F627AB8E1594CB1CA6F1DFD437945CC4" genus="Canacenae" lsidName="Canacenae" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="genus">Canacenae</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="236A22D50272BD1AD23F46CE98F9393E" author="Jones, BJ" journalOrPublisher="University of California Publications in Entomology" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="153 - 198" title="Catalogue of the Ephydridae, with bibliography and description of new species." volume="1" year="1906">Jones 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 170, 198 [as a subfamily of
<taxonomicName family="Ephydridae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="family">Ephydridae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B2895335C1728807473A671492E84717" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ephydridae</taxonomicName>
, incorrect formation of the family-group name]. Type genus:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Canace" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Canace" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Canace</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="127D17AC2DA788D4DF7B08E4FA024E57" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Canace" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Canace" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Canace</taxonomicName>
Haliday 1837.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName family="Canaceidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="family">Canaceidae</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="BC15F2377FAB51B84F9F20252731F64D" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="2EAAC74F1E558DB0E7552BD0275F61AB" family="Canaceidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="family">Canaceidae</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Hendel 1916</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="C4CDB47852A61C68B3E27EEC80DD396F" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Hendel 1916</bibRefCitation>
: 297 [incorrect formation of the family-group name].
<bibRefCitation author="Wirth, WW" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" pagination="245 - 275" title="A revision of the dipterous family Canaceidae. Occasional Papers of Bernice P." volume="20" year="1951">Wirth 1951</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="45E1EEEA13F123678A17001E637E8399" author="Wirth, WW" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" pagination="245 - 275" title="A revision of the dipterous family Canaceidae. Occasional Papers of Bernice P." volume="20" year="1951">Wirth 1951</bibRefCitation>
: 245-275 [revision]; 1975: 1-5 [Neotropical catalog]; 1987: 1079-1083 [North American manual].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName family="Canacidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="family">Canacidae</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="59ADD74C612A119BBCC02CCA5868E2C3" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="42E3AF7CDC76D22E847D6CCFC6991B82" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Canacidae</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Enderlein, G" journalOrPublisher="Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" pagination="235 - 250" title="Dipterologica, III." volume="1935" year="1935">Enderlein 1935</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="85979F769DE7ABBB5E1C03D1E120FCA2" author="Enderlein, G" journalOrPublisher="Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" pagination="235 - 250" title="Dipterologica, III." volume="1935" year="1935">Enderlein 1935</bibRefCitation>
: 235.
<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 29" title="Studies of Canacidae (Diptera), I: Suprageneric revision of the family, with revisions of new Tribe Dynomiellini and new genus Isocanace." volume="347" year="1982">Mathis 1982</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="5EABF64A726E88CCE45D2D17D407072F" author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 29" title="Studies of Canacidae (Diptera), I: Suprageneric revision of the family, with revisions of new Tribe Dynomiellini and new genus Isocanace." volume="347" year="1982">Mathis 1982</bibRefCitation>
: 1-29 [classification].
<bibRefCitation author="Buck, M" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" pagination="377 - 404" title="A new family and genus of acalypterate flies from the Neotropical Region, with a phylogenetic analysis of Carnoidea family relationships (Diptera, Schizophora)." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00328.x" volume="31" year="2006">Buck 2006</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="3136D420FC04A6B4EA2B2F0144F67357" author="Buck, M" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" pagination="377 - 404" title="A new family and genus of acalypterate flies from the Neotropical Region, with a phylogenetic analysis of Carnoidea family relationships (Diptera, Schizophora)." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00328.x" volume="31" year="2006">Buck 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 391-392 [familial status].
<bibRefCitation author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 84" title="World catalog of the family Canacidae (including Tethinidae) (Diptera), with keys to the supraspecific taxa." volume="2471" year="2010">Munari and Mathis 2010</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="4ED4AA5E6800E7B6DA5173107C846F20" author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 84" title="World catalog of the family Canacidae (including Tethinidae) (Diptera), with keys to the supraspecific taxa." volume="2471" year="2010">Munari and Mathis 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 1-84 [world catalog].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName family="Tethinidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="family">Tethinidae</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Hendel 1916</bibRefCitation>
<paragraph id="BFF23ED3B0A84588A19AEF81CD42B3F0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<taxonomicName id="F1081F019EF32125A8666F7C0D78CFEC" family="Tethinidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="family">Tethinidae</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="69D0B07501806CF2A0BB86D93891C023" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Hendel 1916</bibRefCitation>
: 297; 1917: 45. Type genus:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F3664B33CDBEEE382DBF3E798D45B89A" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
Haliday.
<bibRefCitation pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Foster 1976b</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="D2640B3E204E12F7A9AFC62FBD6C371F" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Foster 1976b</bibRefCitation>
: 1-4 [Neotropical catalog].
<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 27" title="World catalog of the family Tethinidae (Diptera)." url="doi: 10.5479/si.00810282.584" volume="584" year="1996">Mathis and Munari 1996</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="F9EF4626519119058F43B940048FBDFB" author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 27" title="World catalog of the family Tethinidae (Diptera)." url="doi: 10.5479/si.00810282.584" volume="584" year="1996">Mathis and Munari 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 1-27 [world catalog].
<bibRefCitation author="McAlpine, DK" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="27 - 64" title="The surge flies (Diptera, Canacidae, Zaleinae) of Australasia and notes on tethinids-canacid morphology and relationships." url="doi: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.59.2007.1468" volume="57" year="2007">McAlpine 2007</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="5CB6D1B8937083874B8DC27B3A25D36C" author="McAlpine, DK" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="27 - 64" title="The surge flies (Diptera, Canacidae, Zaleinae) of Australasia and notes on tethinids-canacid morphology and relationships." url="doi: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.59.2007.1468" volume="57" year="2007">McAlpine 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 42 [synonymy].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<subSubSection id="C0ED88B8CD5A1BB97D46ACDA34872301" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="BC2FBAB4AB6DFA11E6922DC5119EDDC0" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC6173EB15D854AF9635F5DD3A35B61F" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
The family
<taxonomicName family="Canacidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="family">Canacidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4280CA46857910240D43D561351514DD" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Canacidae</taxonomicName>
, sensu lato, is distinguished from other families of the
<taxonomicName genus="Carnoidea" lsidName="Carnoidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="genus">Carnoidea</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B4699C64EA9D4F8C663B01259EC0639E" genus="Carnoidea" lsidName="Carnoidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="genus">Carnoidea</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: Exclusively or tending to occur in saline habitats (secondarily in freshwater habitats). Minute to moderately small flies, length 0.91-5.0 mm. Head: Postocellar setae developed (absent or reduced in some
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6A8F6FBF1B078101C29DC522DAEE8A6A" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
); dorsal fronto-orbital seta lateroclinate; oral vibrissae weakly differentiated, except for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Dasyrhicnoessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dasyrhicnoessa" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dasyrhicnoessa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DEAC5ADFFC1BA35883F1319054B9FCF8" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Dasyrhicnoessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dasyrhicnoessa" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dasyrhicnoessa</taxonomicName>
Hendel species. Arista dorsal. Face sometimes characterized by 2 shiny protuberances laterad to the facial cavity, just above vibrissal pore (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="205F28A7DE4CC23C153F8F9C627DF4CD" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Pseudorhicnoessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudorhicnoessa" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudorhicnoessa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F4C421AEBEAFE5984A03AAB32269B533" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Pseudorhicnoessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudorhicnoessa" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudorhicnoessa</taxonomicName>
) or nearby (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Afrotethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotethina" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Afrotethina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="45FB28B663CEF153978F3B59E4CCF602" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Afrotethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afrotethina" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Afrotethina</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Horaismoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Horaismoptera" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Horaismoptera</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C7A8172F8AA93267ADDF009BF912D23B" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Horaismoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Horaismoptera" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Horaismoptera</taxonomicName>
); face strongly depressed and short (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Dasyrhicnoessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dasyrhicnoessa" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dasyrhicnoessa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F56086D198EB964534E95513F26ED77A" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Dasyrhicnoessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dasyrhicnoessa" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dasyrhicnoessa</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Horaismopterinae">Horaismopterinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D015754A8958C992B35A4C81B943133B" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Horaismopterinae">Horaismopterinae</taxonomicName>
) or with medial carina (
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="FF676EFF0765BB33E3C7A6F2FE3E3AF2" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
) or even distinctly convex (
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3BF92DE6EF1140B2FD5C2687E41C4BF9" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
). Gena bare, except for ventral or nearly ventral row of setae (peristomal setae), or even with a few anaclinate, strong setae (
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="27ADD968A5E8D8F4B4EC14C2F531404E" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
). Buccal parts generally strongly sclerotized in
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F8DD5468023DCA44FB8B0471B999B52C" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
. Thorax: Precoxal bridge developed. Prescutellar acrostichal setae developed; presutural dorsocentral setae differentiated; anepisternum with 2-3 developed posterior setae, bearing enlarged, dorsally curved seta at posterodorsal corner; usually 1 katepisternal seta present; proepisternal seta developed. Wing generally hyaline, bearing fine, dense microtrichia; subcosta weakened apically, close to vein R1; vein A1 short (except in the sub-Antarctic genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Apetaenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apetaenus" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apetaenus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9D80464CB59A18B2BF8B1D2D831FA071" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Apetaenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apetaenus" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Apetaenus</taxonomicName>
); vein A2 long, present as a fold. Abdomen: Pregenital sclerites of male short and fused; male tergite 6 fused with sternite 8, forming a usually symmetrical (except in some species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3B4ECC296F6111C434F67D6143DD71DB" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
), pregenital sclerite; male sternite 7 lost; postgonites firmly connected laterally to base of phallapodeme, distinctly anterior to basiphallus; hypandrium forming a sheath or phallic mantle around the postgonite and basiphallus; epandrium bearing 1-2 pairs of surstyli ventrally, sometimes anterior surstylus lacking (
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="31C9FEFD2CA26A806A767FF884893D1A" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="0349BBF56A262CC62FB9F28DCF7BC9B3" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
); posterior surstylus partially articulated or fused with epandrium; inner basal corner of surstylus connected to broad interparameral sclerite; cercus very short to exceptionally developed (
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Horaismopterinae">Horaismopterinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C9F15BDB2DAFF0FD9242893C2565A5BC" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Horaismopterinae">Horaismopterinae</taxonomicName>
); postabdomen of female more or less telescopically retractile; 2 sclerotized spermathecae variable in shape, below with a narrower
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="62" start="start">cylindrical</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="1DA2467F1B67211575AF1CFD50C09864" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" start="start">cylindrical</pageBreakToken>
extension into the spermathecal duct; cercus subcylindrical to compressed, or even tapered distally, sometimes bearing stout to pointed, spinelike setulae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<subSubSection id="8FD38F4C0C8841E20C77819D2CEB1159" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="227007DFDC377FC43616004135FF71F8" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E9E75B95F92FBA607B5C388F65B4D5A" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
Our concept of
<taxonomicName family="Canacidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Canacidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F079D809BDF09551043DC23126D9FC30" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Canacidae</taxonomicName>
includes what had been considered as two families, the
<taxonomicName family="Canacidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Canacidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="ECC6EA829E5A3012C8E3F56A96C7216E" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Canacidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName family="Tethinidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Tethinidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="2597524BDF36AEB8332AE7A13086FCDB" family="Tethinidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Tethinidae</taxonomicName>
. At the familial level,
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="62">J. F. McAlpine (1989</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="32E72200CD2123DF4554E8EEAFE3A85E" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">J. F. McAlpine (1989</bibRefCitation>
: 1472) identified five synapomorphies that link
<taxonomicName family="Canacidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Canacidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1425A1C50E07F3944E49761CDF229D33" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Canacidae</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName family="Tethinidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Tethinidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8FB78877B565E34C19F39F326FC51DE9" family="Tethinidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Tethinidae</taxonomicName>
and noted that &quot;...these are clear indications of a sister-group relationship between them ... and may even indicate that they are subgroups of a single family.&quot; Other authors (
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Hennig 1958</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="B56B12E136C555312F107AA2C3F56236" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Hennig 1958</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Griffiths 1972</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="28E7A6162B6B2BBC5F6FF2033DB7A1A0" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Griffiths 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="McAlpine, DK" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="108 - 117" title="A new genus of Australian littoral flies (Diptera:? Canacidae)." volume="10" year="1982">McAlpine 1982</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="1902E9D1203912AD2FAE755FE8BE59FD" author="McAlpine, DK" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="108 - 117" title="A new genus of Australian littoral flies (Diptera:? Canacidae)." volume="10" year="1982">McAlpine 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Freidberg, A" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="447 - 457" title="A study of Zaleinae, a taxon transitional between Canacidae and Tethinidae (Diptera), with the description of a new genus and species." url="doi: 10.1163/187631295X00107" volume="26" year="1995">Freidberg 1995</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="091687F0E0C72A4CDB61621994006EBF" author="Freidberg, A" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="447 - 457" title="A study of Zaleinae, a taxon transitional between Canacidae and Tethinidae (Diptera), with the description of a new genus and species." url="doi: 10.1163/187631295X00107" volume="26" year="1995">Freidberg 1995</bibRefCitation>
) have also suggested a relationship with the family
<taxonomicName family="Tethinidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Tethinidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D146FE04F4A7520CFAB42A64AFFAFE1C" family="Tethinidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Tethinidae</taxonomicName>
, and
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Griffiths (1972)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="7AB52DF143EB8F710E7A8A4F86A90905" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Griffiths (1972)</bibRefCitation>
further noted some affinities with the
<taxonomicName family="Chloropidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DCB89AA517D04E5977BC5763A2344AF5" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName family="Milichiidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Milichiidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1FF17DE0ECAC77909FABB7DB774EDE90" class="Insecta" family="Milichiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Milichiidae</taxonomicName>
. According to J. F.
<normalizedToken originalValue="McAlpine’s">McAlpine's</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F6866F891ABDA5DEB81BB1F957D283C8" originalValue="McAlpine’s">McAlpine's</normalizedToken>
(1989) cladogram, which included an analysis of 25 characters for the families
<taxonomicName family="Canacidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Canacidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8C6D2413CA009ABA5517CE68A84A8C19" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Canacidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName family="Tethinidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Tethinidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="47A23B5115CEA895A44E278E75E2DEB8" family="Tethinidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Tethinidae</taxonomicName>
, the superfamily
<taxonomicName genus="Carnoidea" lsidName="Carnoidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="genus">Carnoidea</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E77702591816FA8AAE75759432B65D9C" genus="Carnoidea" lsidName="Carnoidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="genus">Carnoidea</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName genus="Chloropoidea" lsidName="Chloropoidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="genus">Chloropoidea</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="FF2F84A7A38FA49445526808CE7C85E6" genus="Chloropoidea" lsidName="Chloropoidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="genus">Chloropoidea</taxonomicName>
) comprises the families with the following relationships in parenthetic notation: ((
<taxonomicName family="Australimyzidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Australimyzidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="0B5050AB98904E7A508EABD6CDDF6273" class="Insecta" family="Australimyzidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Australimyzidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Braulidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Braulidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="617C5506372F115E416560F44420DE70" class="Insecta" family="Braulidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braulidae</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName family="Carnidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Carnidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="093FD1E0759316A219CF92A4A35B2FCC" class="Insecta" family="Carnidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carnidae</taxonomicName>
)((
<taxonomicName family="Tethinidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Tethinidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A2D28B53CF7CF51BCC1B7F45788BF673" family="Tethinidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Tethinidae</taxonomicName>
,
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)((
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,
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) ((
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,
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<taxonomicName id="EB638FA2C2F878CE34273747DEB16A71" class="Insecta" family="Chloropidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chloropidae</taxonomicName>
)))).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<paragraph id="CF10BD69BB0591631BF777CB5C21F7F3" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
More recently,
<bibRefCitation author="Buck, M" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" pagination="377 - 404" title="A new family and genus of acalypterate flies from the Neotropical Region, with a phylogenetic analysis of Carnoidea family relationships (Diptera, Schizophora)." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00328.x" volume="31" year="2006">Buck (2006)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="A858160B7817E8BE3B7C8E070A70DF6D" author="Buck, M" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" pagination="377 - 404" title="A new family and genus of acalypterate flies from the Neotropical Region, with a phylogenetic analysis of Carnoidea family relationships (Diptera, Schizophora)." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00328.x" volume="31" year="2006">Buck (2006)</bibRefCitation>
and D. K.
<bibRefCitation author="McAlpine, DK" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="27 - 64" title="The surge flies (Diptera, Canacidae, Zaleinae) of Australasia and notes on tethinids-canacid morphology and relationships." url="doi: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.59.2007.1468" volume="57" year="2007">McAlpine (2007)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="8C59177073EAF671E1F5FA704BF49B4A" author="McAlpine, DK" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="27 - 64" title="The surge flies (Diptera, Canacidae, Zaleinae) of Australasia and notes on tethinids-canacid morphology and relationships." url="doi: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.59.2007.1468" volume="57" year="2007">McAlpine (2007)</bibRefCitation>
provided rather compelling character evidence, substantiating that these two families are closely associated, and more specifically that the
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<taxonomicName id="528BBAAD70B02C39F0D25513F189E37F" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Canacidae</taxonomicName>
sensu stricto are an included lineage within the
<taxonomicName family="Tethinidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Tethinidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="FA0DDC37279D1D7402D9BC2DAE979819" family="Tethinidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Tethinidae</taxonomicName>
. Thus, not to include the
<taxonomicName family="Canacidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="family">Canacidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="33DC5429F7ABC3FCE2BB6157DFD39F91" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Canacidae</taxonomicName>
within the
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would render the
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as a paraphyletic family. Buck and D. K. McAlpine cited ten synapomorphies that corroborate the monophyly of the family
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<taxonomicName id="7AFBC6197A7969546E4AD91543FB4577" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Canacidae</taxonomicName>
sensu lato (the family-group name
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is older than
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). These synapomorphies are (only derived state cited): (1) Precoxal bridge present; (2) anepisternum with enlarged, dorsally curved setae at posteroventral corner; (3) vein A2 long, present as a fold; (4) male sternite 6 reduced and divided medially; (5) male tergite 6 fused with sternite 8, forming a symmetrical pregenital sclerite; (6) male sternite 7 lost; (7) postgonites firmly connected laterally to base of phallapodeme, distinctly anterior to basiphallus; (8) hypandrium forming a sheath or phallic mantle around the postgonite and basiphallus; (9) cuticle of larva with covering of fine spicules, and (10) halobiontic in habitat preference, secondarily in freshwater habitats.
<bibRefCitation author="Buck, M" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" pagination="377 - 404" title="A new family and genus of acalypterate flies from the Neotropical Region, with a phylogenetic analysis of Carnoidea family relationships (Diptera, Schizophora)." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00328.x" volume="31" year="2006">Buck (2006)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="D06CFC7E621FC5EF49C9DD44C254934D" author="Buck, M" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" pagination="377 - 404" title="A new family and genus of acalypterate flies from the Neotropical Region, with a phylogenetic analysis of Carnoidea family relationships (Diptera, Schizophora)." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00328.x" volume="31" year="2006">Buck (2006)</bibRefCitation>
further suggested that the sister group to
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sensu stricto is the subfamily
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and not
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and provided four characters as corroborative evidence for this relationship: (1) antennae broadly separated, inserted more or less on protuberant facial tubercles; (2) clypeus distinctly enlarged and produced anteriorly; (3) prementum distinctly emarginated apically; and (4) tentorial arms of head capsule enormously developed and strongly sclerotized.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
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<paragraph id="9478EEE8DF8ACD1642A976639A713F75" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
Key to Subfamilies of
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sensu lato from Brazil
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130
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<subSubSection id="3F1D9D4C0551433A99C21D5EEC751E40" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7556DF9DAC1C61122C5CA8D90A315B7A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="A7731F1CC9636DF67DBB0CCEBF8CB175" ID-CoL="4TXV9" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Saga_rhodiensis" authority="Salfi, 1929" authorityName="Salfi" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Saga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saga rhodiensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodiensis">Saga rhodiensis Salfi, 1929</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="2F7045C8631A201D731241CEFFC6A7CA" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CF70C4357BE504402A2E21FBCF32D945" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="73F795EA8381EA38C42A595AC100DD2E" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Anatolia and Rhodos (Figure 17a) (
<bibRefCitation author="Kaltenbach, A" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="3 - 107" title="Unterlagen fuer eine Monographie der Saginae I. Superrevision der Gattung Saga Charpentier (Saltatoria: Tettigoniidae)." volume="17" year="1967">Kaltenbach 1967</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="1526BD5FF620D24D29FD43482673A1D1" author="Kaltenbach, A" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="3 - 107" title="Unterlagen fuer eine Monographie der Saginae I. Superrevision der Gattung Saga Charpentier (Saltatoria: Tettigoniidae)." volume="17" year="1967">Kaltenbach 1967</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Kaltenbach, A" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Beitraege" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="155 - 245" title="Unterlagen fuer eine Monographie der Saginae II. Beitraege zur Autooekologie der Gattung Saga Charpentier (Saltatoria: Tettigoniidae)." volume="16" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="B596F47A2F44A87E12876317BBBD8775" author="Kaltenbach, A" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Beitraege" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="155 - 245" title="Unterlagen fuer eine Monographie der Saginae II. Beitraege zur Autooekologie der Gattung Saga Charpentier (Saltatoria: Tettigoniidae)." volume="16" year="1970">1970</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<caption id="BA3ECDF335DA21A7312DDBC3BC7A6E64" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<paragraph id="4D1642940A506DB991B579F34495A898" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Figure 17. Distribution map (A) and male calling song of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Saga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saga rhodiensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodiensis">Saga rhodiensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DF5F4747DB962C0CD64D8D5802ACDBEB" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Saga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saga rhodiensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhodiensis">Saga rhodiensis</taxonomicName>
(B sequences of phrases groups C a group of syllable sequences and D two complete syllable).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="song recording">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Song recording.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="20B048FCC8194EBE4CCB0E5D80E221E6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="song recording">
<paragraph id="FFA7AB630FAFDA28101ECD258928F222" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Song recording.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8959A777DB7BAD6AAAF5A6E869F3A43A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Male specimens collected from Turkey, Antalya, Kemer,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tahtalı">Tahtali</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dağları">Daglari</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="49BE1231B90873BC0D6DF096E1658EC3" originalValue="Tahtalı">Tahtali</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F28F14DA245474525CB0081C97C23D9A" originalValue="Dağları">Daglari</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gürleyik">Guerleyik</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="3FCD75CC421A5728E4DF3F30AA4032E7" originalValue="Gürleyik">Guerleyik</normalizedToken>
mevkii,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.551117">36°33.067'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E8BF87D37098B23555BFBF807090A8ED" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="36.551117">36°33.067'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="30.416683">30°25.001'E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D6649A279D27DFC547E7E4449DA637FE" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="30.416683">30°25.001'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1479 m, 2.VIII.2010 (by D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="9FD057BB1C283906D40C919649F0FAA8" originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
&amp; U.
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<normalizedToken id="445252F044B44EADF181E5F343780DF9" originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
) and calling song recorded from two males at 31 °C in the field (by D.
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<normalizedToken id="BB70B67651D99A058E0F59C4CB7035A7" originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
).
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<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description of song">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="A507792563AE889900FDF5E0AD2E4537" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description of song">
<paragraph id="5625FFBCDF186495ACFE237E1821E308" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<pageBreakToken id="96032DDDD62B5125AFD8C3E3E9403980" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
of song.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<paragraph id="51FB793BD5143F1572D6A1301A7FE4CC" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Total of five records from two males was examined. The calling song consists of regular phrases (Figure 17b) with an interval of 3.25-4.50 s. The phrase begins with characteristic high amplitude syllable in the all phrases. After this syllable phrases continue with a quiet beginning and maximum intensity is usually reached between 1/4 and 1/3 of the phrase, however, in some of the phrases there is often a more gradual crescendo roughly up to half of the phrase (Figure 17c). Phrases contain 86-103 syllables (94.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="858CA69A48ABA4F08079EFF0834CC88A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
7.02) and duration varies between 2.27 and 2.77 s (2.55
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="549A2C80A74325FC40AADA79DFC1FA11" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.54). Amplitude of the impulses of each syllable from beginning to end of it is getting louder (Figure 17d). Therefore general song shape shows crescendo type (Figure 17c, 17d). The number of syllables in 100 ms is 4-5 (4.18
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D87D18F9BBE6872F9AE3718EF83833CA" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.19). Syllable duration varies between 14 and 28 ms (20.92
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="60AFB7036604E9F0680E923C31A10CCC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.79) with an interval of 3-7 ms (5.62
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="677C5347F33275192455B16C7724DB56" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.11). Oscillographic analyses showed that each syllable consists of a single element and includes easily countable impulses 16-22 (19.72
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="1D53CE48D86264B245FAB8B687E95B1D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.87) in a crescending structure (Figure 17d).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

207
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Dodd, 1914: 121. Original description. Type:
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia rufobasalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufobasalis">Phanuromyia rufobasalis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8F24DA68D4CA753790C8E2A65262BDE9" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia rufobasalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufobasalis">Phanuromyia rufobasalis</taxonomicName>
Dodd, by monotypy and original designation.
<bibRefCitation author="Kieffer, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter &amp; Co., Berlin" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" title="Scelionidae. Das Tierreich. Vol. 48." year="1926">Kieffer 1926</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="39871C584985BBF6E62ECFB8A0E7429F" author="Kieffer, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Walter de Gruyter &amp; Co., Berlin" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" title="Scelionidae. Das Tierreich. Vol. 48." year="1926">Kieffer 1926</bibRefCitation>
: 16, 131 (description, keyed);
<bibRefCitation author="Muesebeck, CFW" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" pagination="319 - 419" title="Type species of the genera and subgenera of parasitic wasps comprising the superfamily Proctotrupoidea (order Hymenoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.3359.319" volume="105" year="1956">Muesebeck and Walkley 1956</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="4CF8B62C965C0216BACE8CD4337863C3" author="Muesebeck, CFW" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" pagination="319 - 419" title="Type species of the genera and subgenera of parasitic wasps comprising the superfamily Proctotrupoidea (order Hymenoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.3359.319" volume="105" year="1956">Muesebeck and Walkley 1956</bibRefCitation>
: 384 (citation of type species); Masner, 1976: 79 (taxonomic status);
<bibRefCitation author="Johnson, NF" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Taxonomy" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" pagination="211 - 239" title="Revision of Australasian Trissolcus species (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/IT9910211" volume="5" year="1991">Johnson 1991</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="E0FAC9EE3E96B6E21A1CD3EB474D11C4" author="Johnson, NF" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Taxonomy" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" pagination="211 - 239" title="Revision of Australasian Trissolcus species (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/IT9910211" volume="5" year="1991">Johnson 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 211 (description);
<bibRefCitation author="Johnson, NF" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" pagination="1 - 825" title="Catalog of world Proctotrupoidea excluding Platygastridae." url="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23657" volume="51" year="1992">Johnson 1992</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="1CD81B8F411221C24BB0A96C119EED42" author="Johnson, NF" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" pagination="1 - 825" title="Catalog of world Proctotrupoidea excluding Platygastridae." url="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23657" volume="51" year="1992">Johnson 1992</bibRefCitation>
: 564 (catalog, catalog of world species);
<bibRefCitation author="Johnson, NF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" pagination="138 - 144" title="Redefinition of the genus Phanuromyia Dodd (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)" url="https://doi.org/10.1664/0028-7199(2003)111[0138:ROTGPD]2.0.CO;2" volume="111" year="2003">Johnson and Musetti 2003</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="7FD8A74ECB09C79E62F72E64A3AF3ABC" author="Johnson, NF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" pagination="138 - 144" title="Redefinition of the genus Phanuromyia Dodd (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)" url="https://doi.org/10.1664/0028-7199(2003)111[0138:ROTGPD]2.0.CO;2" volume="111" year="2003">Johnson and Musetti 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 139 (description, synonymy, list of included species);
<bibRefCitation author="Taekul, C" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" pagination="24 - 35" title="Molecular phylogeny of telenomine egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea s. l.: Telenominae): evolution of host shifts and implications for classification." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12032" volume="39" year="2014">Taekul et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="2A2F2B42204D76A3CAD479054EEBEB7A" author="Taekul, C" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" pagination="24 - 35" title="Molecular phylogeny of telenomine egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Platygastroidea s. l.: Telenominae): evolution of host shifts and implications for classification." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12032" volume="39" year="2014">Taekul et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 30 (diagnosis, phylogenetic relationships within
<taxonomicName family="Platygastridae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Telenominae">Telenominae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8FA06D2D637D0E8E4B70EE008161EF7A" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Telenominae">Telenominae</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation author="Veenakumari, K" journalOrPublisher="Entomologists Monthly Magazine" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" pagination="135 - 147" title="Five new species of Phanuromyia Dodd (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) from India." volume="150" year="2014">Veenakumari and Mohanraj 2014</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="D79E38FBB03F311FCBAA177781151D63" author="Veenakumari, K" journalOrPublisher="Entomologists Monthly Magazine" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" pagination="135 - 147" title="Five new species of Phanuromyia Dodd (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) from India." volume="150" year="2014">Veenakumari and Mohanraj 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 135, 146 (key to species of India, distribution).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Issidotelenomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Issidotelenomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Issidotelenomus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pélov">Pelov</normalizedToken>
<paragraph id="E5C5E8C074F320D4241A805B6383744F" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="DEEA63BADD6A8BBA3981C46B8B412B79" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Issidotelenomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Issidotelenomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Issidotelenomus</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="068FB4A1DAC7228B69BDD18532AA5013" originalValue="Pélov">Pelov</normalizedToken>
, 1975: 89. Original description. Type:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Issidotelenomus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Issidotelenomus obscuripes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuripes">Issidotelenomus obscuripes</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pélov">Pelov</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName id="876E29C9A40F44B481C8337C1B7BB992" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Issidotelenomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Issidotelenomus obscuripes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuripes">Issidotelenomus obscuripes</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="1CF1D455E357716F4FD55E0D259A23F8" originalValue="Pélov">Pelov</normalizedToken>
, by original designation.
<bibRefCitation author="Kozlov, MA" journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Leningrad" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" title="[Telenominae of the fauna of the USSR]." year="1983">Kozlov and Kononova 1983</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="36F381E2736C21F6C264B7079644F8A3" author="Kozlov, MA" journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Leningrad" pageId="29" pageNumber="100" title="[Telenominae of the fauna of the USSR]." year="1983">Kozlov and Kononova 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 137 (junior synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Telenomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Telenomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Telenomus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CAE4902FE88EF56A9E6202D64F777363" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Telenomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Telenomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Telenomus</taxonomicName>
Haliday);
<bibRefCitation author="Johnson, NF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" pagination="138 - 144" title="Redefinition of the genus Phanuromyia Dodd (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)" url="https://doi.org/10.1664/0028-7199(2003)111[0138:ROTGPD]2.0.CO;2" volume="111" year="2003">Johnson and Musetti 2003</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="A0CD6E8F097623F6408C57F54E89C1A0" author="Johnson, NF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" pagination="138 - 144" title="Redefinition of the genus Phanuromyia Dodd (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)" url="https://doi.org/10.1664/0028-7199(2003)111[0138:ROTGPD]2.0.CO;2" volume="111" year="2003">Johnson and Musetti 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 140 (junior synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanuromyia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B33436F517EF214E48B028420404FA0F" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanuromyia</taxonomicName>
Dodd).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<subSubSection id="908AE5A8F1859E6C600048712693ABF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E9389AF89BA0C2DC7152069A050F5042" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="65B9CEF6DC411B853E4BF29CC6B80C1A" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
The three genera
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanuromyia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="65CA0B769937D21B569261CDC2FD7F5D" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Phanuromyia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Telenomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Telenomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Telenomus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1E6B1F716B662B6CBEEF39213E1F52A5" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Telenomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Telenomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Telenomus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trissolcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trissolcus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trissolcus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CFCFBFD9339B6697944E2DA9DCEE8B86" genus="Trissolcus" lsidName="Trissolcus" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Trissolcus</taxonomicName>
Ashmead cannot be distinguished on the basis of any single, easily recognized morphological character. Rather, they are recognized by the preponderance of evidence from several characters: presence or absence of sculpture on the medial portion of the frons, length of setation between the ommatidia of the compound eyes, shape of the head, number of clavomeres in the female antenna, presence or absence of notauli on the mesoscutum, presence or absence of sculpture on the disk of the mesoscutellum, form of the sternaulus, shape of the first and second metasomal tergites, and sculpture of the second metasomal tergite. To distinguish
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanuromyia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B98EDC63F7669CD3AFDD7319E47689FD" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Phanuromyia</taxonomicName>
, focus should first be placed on the sternaulus. In the large majority of species this is expressed as a line of pits, beginning anteriorly on the mesepisternum near the dorsal apex of the acetabular carina and extending dorsally and posteriorly toward the mesopleural pit. In
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Telenomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Telenomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Telenomus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="5323BD5863A1C5B96D55C9D7BDBE95D0" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Telenomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Telenomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Telenomus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trissolcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trissolcus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trissolcus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A9F0A669C88A75340742EA0B9424A8BB" genus="Trissolcus" lsidName="Trissolcus" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Trissolcus</taxonomicName>
the sternaulus may have a single irregularly shaped pit, and its course is otherwise represented by fold or crease in the cuticle. Small individuals of
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanuromyia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E8404A7DCEEF7A753C3FDFB3CCBF39A4" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Phanuromyia</taxonomicName>
, however, also may have merely a poorly defined line of impression. Supplemental characters to distinguish
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanuromyia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8547908A6646DFE3BD37D7B6D6C888CC" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Phanuromyia</taxonomicName>
are eye setation very short or seemingly absent; frontal depression weakly expressed so that the head appears semiglobose in shape; frontal sculpture highly variable, ranging from smooth to sculptured throughout; female antenna with five clavomeres (defined morphologically, see
<bibRefCitation author="Johnson, NF" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 113" title="Systematics of Nearctic Telenomus: classification and revisions of the podisi and phymatae species groups (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23887" volume="6" year="1984">Johnson 1984</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="9E2629616BD7CC12E4AFDDF2D4F4ED02" author="Johnson, NF" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Ohio Biological Survey" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" pagination="1 - 113" title="Systematics of Nearctic Telenomus: classification and revisions of the podisi and phymatae species groups (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23887" volume="6" year="1984">Johnson 1984</bibRefCitation>
); notauli absent; mesoscutellar disk sculpture highly variable; T1 strongly transverse; T2 longer than wide; T2 often with distinctive coriaceous to reticulate microsculpture extending beyond the pits marking the position of the antecostal suture and the longitudinal striae arising between those pits. As
<bibRefCitation author="Dodd, AP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" pagination="91 - 140" title="Further new genera and species of Australian Proctotrypoidea." url="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23758" volume="26" year="1914">Dodd (1914)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="2877C120CA8E4A5EB4E3EFC913376958" author="Dodd, AP" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" pagination="91 - 140" title="Further new genera and species of Australian Proctotrypoidea." url="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23758" volume="26" year="1914">Dodd (1914)</bibRefCitation>
noted, the ovipositor is often exserted a great distance and is easily seen, but this feature is relevant for only a minority of species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<paragraph id="F7EE76828AD8C3AC37000C539FD8A1D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
Within
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanuromyia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F016A019E7082D9F4ABE9CE59FF5544F" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Phanuromyia</taxonomicName>
, we separate the
<taxonomicName genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha galeata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="galeata">galeata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="0DDE2DA7F8F89F39DE2082EA5A10B525" genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha galeata" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="species" species="galeata">galeata</taxonomicName>
group purely as a practical grouping, and at this point we do not assert its monophyly. The group may be distinguished, first and foremost, by their unusually large body size: most specimens are greater than 2 mm in length. Beyond that, the body is distinctly elongate, T1 in the female is produced into a horn to house the ovipositor, T2 is strongly elongate, as often are the following tergites. The group is strictly Neotropical in distribution, extending from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in the north to Misiones in southern Paraguay.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="key">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<subSubSection id="9B8A05645C143731072E7D5C565012F5" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" type="key">
<paragraph id="BA708C1FE089A6354F8496A4D8FB64FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
Key to assist recognition of
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanuromyia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8CADF15D435B26536FA94C6E9C921B27" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Phanuromyia</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<table lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Trissolcus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trissolcus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trissolcus</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="D92F6D5BC9B15CAB0BB2708BEAAF6424" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<table id="01B23A3E6E882B30E0BB8D781B8FE2E9" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<tr id="2050BE45AB13D08F32F3465808A3E0C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<td id="D7B68840598768FAB65D773CE40B7651" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="8BFE2325830BA276D99F89F35D574F88" genus="Trissolcus" lsidName="Trissolcus" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Trissolcus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Telenomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Telenomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Telenomus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C985BD5E4DF3D475E9167917AF1207CD" class="Insecta" family="Scelionidae" genus="Telenomus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Telenomus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Telenomus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rowspan="1">2</td>
<tr id="4CB26C819774D6B6F6DB4741839033A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<td id="D50D65384486B274256B84350B520920" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rowspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanuromyia</taxonomicName>
<tr id="94512C02B979E1F5F3DA53AE4D41A6E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<td id="D703A954C10782280DF68AAF7149F540" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="6F35750B2F53646F4FAC336A40AC3839" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Phanuromyia</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rowspan="1">3</td>
<tr id="EA35F14D21DFCFD4E4D92C6782D19B66" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<td id="3ABBF04773463FF76745482E8788AF6D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rowspan="1">3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phanuromyia</taxonomicName>
<tr id="6732FED1ACA048392E1AA18A308C3C80" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<td id="2E3F3265BD99A8392B0CCA4447A01AAB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="5D1784CB5BEBB409449BEFC3BEF59C16" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rank="genus">Phanuromyia</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rowspan="1">4</td>
<tr id="40DB996D63FEACFC273D3C1934C4AC63" pageId="0" pageNumber="71">
<td id="CC5E71C994703F4EEC61837C0C807E8F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="71" rowspan="1">4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
<td colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="72" start="start">Phanuromyia</pageBreakToken>
<tr id="178578B7112DD201CAD8B2BFBCB3AF83" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
<td id="4DC46705C1E0E6C047EFED09FF922139" colspan="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="312B4C4BF0FAFA37737CB72510DD16A3" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" rank="genus">
<pageBreakToken id="8CF4443D343FC8DBD6B4850B3F23E234" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" start="start">Phanuromyia</pageBreakToken>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
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Psorodonotus davisi
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, 1956
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FD61E6EB69DCFC8A89EAFF27E68660C2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C95FC6DCA4563D6705078F4F61D2D607" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Endemic for Turkey - North East Anatolia (Figure 12a) (
<bibRefCitation author="Karabag, T" journalOrPublisher="Communications de la Faculte des Sciences de l' Universite d' Ankara (Ser. C. Sciences naturelles)" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 19" title="Some new and less known Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from Turkey." volume="5" year="1956">
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,
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1958
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Figure 12. Distribution map (A) and male calling song of
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(B sequences of syllables C three complete syllables and D a complete syllable).
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Song recording.</paragraph>
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Male specimens collected from Turkey, Rize, Ovit
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, 1600 m, 20.X.2005,
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, (by A. Mol) and calling song recorded from two males at 24 °C in the field (by A. Mol).
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description of song.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DBB584143F24B441D5F534EE1A72333E" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description of song.</paragraph>
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Totally six records from two males were examined. The calling song includes rarely one usually several isolated syllables (Figure 12b) with an interval 387-632 ms (526
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0.07). Syllable duration varies between 101-117 ms (110
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4.21). Oscillographic analyses showed that each syllable follows generally two cycles (Figure 12c, 12d). First cycle lasts 65-71 ms (68.71
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2.42) and contains two similar quieter parts (each of 15-20 ms) and a louder part [20-28 ms (24.28
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2.57)]. Second cycle of syllables varies between 31-40 ms (36.72
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2.23) and includes a pulse like quieter part [8-14 (11.45
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2.89)] and a louder part which lasts 16 to 24 ms (18.72
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3.12).
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<treatment id="8402BFFAFE19639A81A419BF82DA346C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050457" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8402BFFAFE19639A81A419BF82DA346C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8402BFFAFE19639A81A419BF82DA346C" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" scope_family="Tettigoniidae" scope_order="Orthoptera" scope_subFamily="Tettigoniinae" scope_subOrder="Ensifera">
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Anterastes tolunayi
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, 1951
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Anterastes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anterastes tolunayi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolunayi">Anterastes tolunayi</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="C0F72B104EDDA38224A464C5D4EA9268" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ACB883247BAA7A7174409F24316ED67B" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="2F093E1374FC7D7BC06A6A3B35352C8E" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Anterastes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anterastes tolunayi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolunayi">Anterastes tolunayi</taxonomicName>
has been recorded from
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and
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<normalizedToken id="E281B5D07AC6CFE096E4D9395FEED23A" originalValue="İzmir">Izmir</normalizedToken>
provinces of Turkey (Figure 2a) (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="2562793A054CA2CA6B3263646955CDC5" author="Karabag, T" journalOrPublisher="Annales and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1043 - 1051" title="Revision of the genus Anterastes Brunner (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)." volume="4" year="1951">
<normalizedToken id="C0C39876B17901481AF1D42F7B6DF834" originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
1951
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,
<bibRefCitation author="Karabag, T" journalOrPublisher="Sirketi Murettebiye Basimevi, Istanbul" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" title="Tuerkiye'nin Orthoptera faunasi." year="1958">1958</bibRefCitation>
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,
<bibRefCitation author="Ciplak, B" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Scripta" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="19 - 44" title="Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of Anterastes (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Tettigoniinae): evolution within a refigium." url="10.1111/j.1463-6409.2004.00131.x" volume="33" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="B144DB1E85F77E58B4E7C1B55A348B80" author="Ciplak, B" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Scripta" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="19 - 44" title="Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of Anterastes (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Tettigoniinae): evolution within a refigium." url="10.1111/j.1463-6409.2004.00131.x" volume="33" year="2004">
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2004
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).
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Figure 2. Distribution map (A) and male calling song of
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(B one complete phrase C a group of syllables and D one complete syllable).
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Song recording.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<paragraph id="0AC6D39950605249B2019C977DF010A9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Song recording.</paragraph>
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Males collected from
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,
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="yaylası-millik">yaylasi-millik</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="1CC5B8519D808BF1BA73A43E8BDA60B0" originalValue="yaylası-millik">yaylasi-millik</normalizedToken>
mevkii,
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<geoCoordinate id="3610ED1617D85DB358F10C92F055852A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="38.351833">38°21.110'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.104084">28°06.245'E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="0CB64B9BDA7C9866EEF96A8365B70127" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.104084">28°06.245'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1545 m, 15.VI.2010 (by D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="AFF710682A95B43C2BBDEB5176092419" originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
) and calling song recorded from two males at 26 °C in laboratory (by D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
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).
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description of song.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="269C6F0133C8AC300E57F59D523B074B" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description of song">
<paragraph id="90E7ECE0D183F6CF22A948E63F4355D8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description of song.</paragraph>
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Eight records from two males were analyzed. The calling song consists of sequences of polysyllabic phrases of different duration (Figure 2b, 2c), each of the phrases repeated regularly and lasting 94-150 ms (124
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="0DB4145C64AFBBD9A009E04C0CE4B062" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.03). Amplitudes of syllables getting louder from the first syllable to last one (Figure 2d). Therefore gen
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song type of the phrase is typical crescendo. The number of syllables within 100 ms is 29-40 (34.62
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<normalizedToken id="7B08366DF740E57787427E2E12B0F52A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.21) (Figure 2d). Syllable duration varies between 2 and 5 ms (3.67
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<normalizedToken id="20918DBA77CA9F58BF32823EAA25D08A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.34) with an interval of 0-1 ms (0.56
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0.06).
</paragraph>
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174
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191723244" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:846E8D4F92575EFFB606D8660AF8F685" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/846E8D4F92575EFFB606D8660AF8F685" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<treatment id="846E8D4F92575EFFB606D8660AF8F685" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191723244" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:846E8D4F92575EFFB606D8660AF8F685" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/846E8D4F92575EFFB606D8660AF8F685" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" scope_family="Tetranychidae" scope_subFamily="Tetranychinae" scope_subGenus="Oligonychus" scope_subOrder="Prostigmata" scope_tribe="Tetranychini">
<subSubSection id="76117153F44CE22A6584891ECA972076" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3A739CBBBC3AF9274BDC8B15A82B8DCF" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
12.
<taxonomicName LSID="846E8D4F-9257-5EFF-B606-D8660AF8F685" authority="Tseng, 1980" authorityName="Tseng" authorityYear="1980" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus subtropicus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtropicus">Oligonychus subtropicus Tseng, 1980</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="232A3EB8C614A3CE1564FB18B6C00514" ID-CoL="496QD" LSID="846E8D4F-9257-5EFF-B606-D8660AF8F685" authority="Tseng, 1980" authorityName="Tseng" authorityYear="1980" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus subtropicus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtropicus">Oligonychus subtropicus Tseng, 1980</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tseng" authorityYear="1980" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus subtropicus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtropicus">Oligonychus subtropicus</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="537D4B24BD0213135CA4A1200F23FF63" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="91FB83B760F48A9F348E5F871E1449B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="65B7360C0C41ED5BEB3796ABF7636F1A" authorityName="Tseng" authorityYear="1980" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus subtropicus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtropicus">Oligonychus subtropicus</taxonomicName>
Tseng, 1980: 147.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juniperus chinensis" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Juniperus chinensis</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="28C4217568E96313E012CF3277B9421D" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1EF349EEA4E680DA15BCD998377EE7BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8C7DB18318A78ED20C755E2C0E4E2BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="050E2B21A13851C04C904C1400EC8F82" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juniperus chinensis" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="1FADE87CFCA9571D20BB27E4A65BFDC5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Juniperus chinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4FA65D40E426A72F3713D5AF36F0C7B8" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
); Taiwan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tseng" authorityYear="1980" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus subtropicus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtropicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus subtropicus</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="1D1D255438765EDFBD4ECB872B1D880F" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="7EECEAAEDA784BB7BDB4A365C888B8A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5A025885291D1E2641E3CDDCFA31CAF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="5CFAFE5C4931162B15C429AC206FD6FE" authorityName="Tseng" authorityYear="1980" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus subtropicus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subtropicus">
<emphasis id="80226AD1557FB884257960969193F2AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus subtropicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tseng was described from only females, and details of the male were absent in both the original (
<bibRefCitation author="Tseng, YH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomology (National Chung Hsien University)" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="145 - 168" refId="B138" refString="Tseng, YH, 1980. Mites associated with the conifers of Taiwan, (1) Tetranychoidea, with a checklist of the world. Journal of Entomology (National Chung Hsien University) 15: 145 - 168" title="Mites associated with the conifers of Taiwan, (1) Tetranychoidea, with a checklist of the world." volume="15" year="1980">Tseng 1980</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="18E5C973378A57B637AC9FA0DC74062B" author="Tseng, YH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomology (National Chung Hsien University)" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="145 - 168" refId="B138" refString="Tseng, YH, 1980. Mites associated with the conifers of Taiwan, (1) Tetranychoidea, with a checklist of the world. Journal of Entomology (National Chung Hsien University) 15: 145 - 168" title="Mites associated with the conifers of Taiwan, (1) Tetranychoidea, with a checklist of the world." volume="15" year="1980">Tseng 1980</bibRefCitation>
) and subsequent descriptions (
<bibRefCitation author="Tseng, YH" journalOrPublisher="Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 226" refId="B139" refString="Tseng, YH, 1990. A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan. Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series 9: 1 - 226" title="A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan." volume="9" year="1990">Tseng 1990</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="42005584FB8BA739DAAA5F3C243F5936" author="Tseng, YH" journalOrPublisher="Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 226" refId="B139" refString="Tseng, YH, 1990. A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan. Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series 9: 1 - 226" title="A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan." volume="9" year="1990">Tseng 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Lo, PKC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Taiwan Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="59 - 76" refId="B80" refString="Lo, PKC, Ho, CC, 1989. The spider mite family Tetranychidae in Taiwan I. The genus Oligonychus. Journal of Taiwan Museum 42: 59 - 76" title="The spider mite family Tetranychidae in Taiwan I. The genus Oligonychus." volume="42" year="1989">Lo and Ho 1989</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="D4ECBD484AFF8A3E16A0320076D9C98F" author="Lo, PKC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Taiwan Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="59 - 76" refId="B80" refString="Lo, PKC, Ho, CC, 1989. The spider mite family Tetranychidae in Taiwan I. The genus Oligonychus. Journal of Taiwan Museum 42: 59 - 76" title="The spider mite family Tetranychidae in Taiwan I. The genus Oligonychus." volume="42" year="1989">Lo and Ho 1989</bibRefCitation>
). Although the author did not specifically compare it with any closely related species, it was differentiated from
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. perditus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="perditus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. perditus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7D4376906EDB3ECC66CD0D467EC390CD" lsidName="O. perditus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="perditus">
<emphasis id="29F039E65D906A14F104A6E91A4C3041" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. perditus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from Japan on
<taxonomicName lsidName="J. communis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">J. communis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="69C624890EBB459543A953A3D7E14E43" lsidName="J. communis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis id="79A6BE4CB79EBA04453879AD2B9E46B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">J. communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in a diagnostic key, using slight differences in the pattern of dorsal hysterosomal striae (
<bibRefCitation author="Tseng, YH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomology (National Chung Hsien University)" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="145 - 168" refId="B138" refString="Tseng, YH, 1980. Mites associated with the conifers of Taiwan, (1) Tetranychoidea, with a checklist of the world. Journal of Entomology (National Chung Hsien University) 15: 145 - 168" title="Mites associated with the conifers of Taiwan, (1) Tetranychoidea, with a checklist of the world." volume="15" year="1980">Tseng 1980</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="7DAD849EBC8E73BEE98E92B51110A773" author="Tseng, YH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomology (National Chung Hsien University)" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="145 - 168" refId="B138" refString="Tseng, YH, 1980. Mites associated with the conifers of Taiwan, (1) Tetranychoidea, with a checklist of the world. Journal of Entomology (National Chung Hsien University) 15: 145 - 168" title="Mites associated with the conifers of Taiwan, (1) Tetranychoidea, with a checklist of the world." volume="15" year="1980">Tseng 1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Tseng, YH" journalOrPublisher="Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 226" refId="B139" refString="Tseng, YH, 1990. A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan. Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series 9: 1 - 226" title="A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan." volume="9" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="BD07F3A81EBF13CCF6DD00D0337BCEEB" author="Tseng, YH" journalOrPublisher="Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 226" refId="B139" refString="Tseng, YH, 1990. A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan. Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series 9: 1 - 226" title="A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan." volume="9" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, the author did not even compare it with another closely related species,
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. chamaecyparisae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="chamaecyparisae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. chamaecyparisae</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="462CA131415B1FDDB7A7F0811BD07E6A" lsidName="O. chamaecyparisae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="chamaecyparisae">
<emphasis id="B9E82F01E507510B8670CF084FCDD196" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. chamaecyparisae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ma &amp; Yuan (1976) reported from China on
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Chamaecyparis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chamaecyparis pisifera" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pisifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Chamaecyparis pisifera</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="DBB134AEF942C80DF40608AE959E44CD" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Chamaecyparis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chamaecyparis pisifera" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pisifera">
<emphasis id="7E9EE13D30099C00AFD10F21A7B51A68" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Chamaecyparis pisifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other
<taxonomicName authorityName="E.Spach" authorityYear="1841" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="880FB72618ABB297E716147B1605B00C" authorityName="E.Spach" authorityYear="1841" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
hosts.
<bibRefCitation author="Bolland, HR" journalOrPublisher="Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B20" refString="Bolland, HR, Gutierrez, J, Flechtmann, CHW, 1998. World catalogue of the spider mite family (Acari: Tetranychidae). Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden" title="World catalogue of the spider mite family (Acari: Tetranychidae)." year="1998">Bolland et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="665EB68F566B3EB5E3577EFF373F4916" author="Bolland, HR" journalOrPublisher="Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B20" refString="Bolland, HR, Gutierrez, J, Flechtmann, CHW, 1998. World catalogue of the spider mite family (Acari: Tetranychidae). Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden" title="World catalogue of the spider mite family (Acari: Tetranychidae)." year="1998">Bolland et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. chamaecyparisae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="chamaecyparisae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. chamaecyparisae</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3B0999C0B8F11D1D2268BB0675F0F843" lsidName="O. chamaecyparisae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="chamaecyparisae">
<emphasis id="76E39036CC4E5DAA6E86A367A142DE96" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. chamaecyparisae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. perditus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="perditus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. perditus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F33C6975B7516008ED595953B1214F1A" lsidName="O. perditus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="perditus">
<emphasis id="F4FB4E1E535CDEFABBE866FC6E6567CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. perditus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Migeon, A" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" publicationUrl="http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" refId="B111" refString="Migeon, A, Dorkeld, F, 2021. Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae. http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" title="Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae." url="http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" year="2021">Migeon and Dorkeld (2021)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="147BE64073B06CEFEC474830CBDE1CD3" author="Migeon, A" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" publicationUrl="http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" refId="B111" refString="Migeon, A, Dorkeld, F, 2021. Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae. http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" title="Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae." url="http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" year="2021">Migeon and Dorkeld (2021)</bibRefCitation>
follow this classification, despite it recently being reinstated as valid species by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.6.10" author="Li, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematic and Applied Acarology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1071 - 1106" refId="B85" refString="Li, J, Yi, TC, Guo, JJ, Jin, DC, 2019. Redescription of three species of Oligonychus (Acari, Tetranychidae) from China. Systematic and Applied Acarology 24: 1071 - 1106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.6.10" title="Redescription of three species of Oligonychus (Acari, Tetranychidae) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.6.10" volume="24" year="2019">Li et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="BC0C5B8048D870709CDF4A9981FD090F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.6.10" author="Li, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematic and Applied Acarology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1071 - 1106" refId="B85" refString="Li, J, Yi, TC, Guo, JJ, Jin, DC, 2019. Redescription of three species of Oligonychus (Acari, Tetranychidae) from China. Systematic and Applied Acarology 24: 1071 - 1106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.6.10" title="Redescription of three species of Oligonychus (Acari, Tetranychidae) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.6.10" volume="24" year="2019">Li et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
. The species identity of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. subtropicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="subtropicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. subtropicus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AA5AFF7A39CC33A256F1CEC70395163A" lsidName="O. subtropicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="subtropicus">
<emphasis id="7727558F765604AD748217D113826B19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. subtropicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will be clear after collecting and describing the male from the type host and locality.
</paragraph>

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Bradyporus (Callimenus) avanos
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7B9C3A2B6DFA53CF678BEDEC57BB9047" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</paragraph>
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Endemic for Turkey, widespread in central Anatolia (Figure 15a) (
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Figure 15. Distribution map (A) and male calling song of
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(B a group of sequences of syllables C a complete sequences of syllables and D a group of syllables).
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Song recording.</paragraph>
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Male specimens collected from Turkey, Tokat,
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, Artova yol
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, 1280 m, 17. VII. 2004, (by A. Mol) and calling song recorded from two males at 32.8 °C in the field (by A. Mol).
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description of song.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<paragraph id="C618EDB0E9184942D42321C43C6855C4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description of song.</paragraph>
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Total of five records from two males was examined. The calling song consists of polysyllabic sequences of variable duration (Figure 15b) with an interval of 5.80-8.02 s (mean 6.82). Sequences are consisting of 215-350 (262
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38.76) syllables. Nearly all syllables are in same amplitude (Figure 15c); rarely syllables in begin or end point of sequences are in low amplitude. General syllables shape is a kind of crescendo (Figure 15d). Syllable period durations vary between 21 and 28 ms (25.68
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1.89). The number of syllables in 100 ms is approximately four (Figure 15d). Each syllable includes 14-23 impulses (16
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<treatment id="8AB8DADEE7A4E013A5E705EC8E2AA805" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032961" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8AB8DADEE7A4E013A5E705EC8E2AA805" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8AB8DADEE7A4E013A5E705EC8E2AA805" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" scope_family="Canacidae" scope_order="Diptera">
<subSubSection id="4770BD04CEA55A93CC085476ACA3291A" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2204F8B93DA08167C2839695EEB067A0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Canacinae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="09111BBE8834DB70F4AFADDC7F1B8C1B" ID-CoL="87CF4" ID-ENA="2927734" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Canacinae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canaceinae">Canaceinae</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="16511CC08CB195746414BC281EE075D8" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="42C3235D5BB235410A616F227D3117DB" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="833AEDC9C9D7E38150CB06C3B79AB283" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canaceinae">Canaceinae</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Hendel, F" journalOrPublisher="Supplementa Entomologica" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="77 - 112" title="H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute: Acalyptrate Musciden (Dipt.), II." volume="2" year="1913">Hendel 1913</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="6A8452A58EA3A5F3B5D4FE272BAD7F96" author="Hendel, F" journalOrPublisher="Supplementa Entomologica" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="77 - 112" title="H. Sauter's Formosa-Ausbeute: Acalyptrate Musciden (Dipt.), II." volume="2" year="1913">Hendel 1913</bibRefCitation>
: 93 [as a subfamily of
<taxonomicName family="Ephydridae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="family">Ephydridae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1817A7C5B96954DBC268650417629D60" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ephydridae</taxonomicName>
, incorrect formation of the subfamily-group name].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="0C6D819E2C2ED8F6EE92D7F98FFAEA2D" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="0F5A57BDD3BD0BC262AB6C6F288CF89C" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Enderlein 1914</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="8D4D7B5451F3771599F49D149D47F9C4" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Enderlein 1914</bibRefCitation>
: 326 [as a subfamily of
<taxonomicName family="Ephydridae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="family">Ephydridae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="108C0CDB0F40710E2BAC83E71870BA2A" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ephydridae</taxonomicName>
].
<bibRefCitation author="Malloch, JR" journalOrPublisher="BP Bishop Museum Bulletin" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="3 - 31" title="Some acalyptrate Diptera from the Marquesas Islands." volume="114" year="1933">Malloch 1933</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="BB5EDDCBE853515A3F9AEED5E6090E91" author="Malloch, JR" journalOrPublisher="BP Bishop Museum Bulletin" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="3 - 31" title="Some acalyptrate Diptera from the Marquesas Islands." volume="114" year="1933">Malloch 1933</bibRefCitation>
: 4 [as a subfamily of
<taxonomicName family="Ephydridae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="family">Ephydridae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E8306B5FED06BCC673021BF0AB374D9A" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ephydridae</taxonomicName>
].
<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 29" title="Studies of Canacidae (Diptera), I: Suprageneric revision of the family, with revisions of new Tribe Dynomiellini and new genus Isocanace." volume="347" year="1982">Mathis 1982</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="54AA5F7CE577442E331A2A33764FB337" author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 29" title="Studies of Canacidae (Diptera), I: Suprageneric revision of the family, with revisions of new Tribe Dynomiellini and new genus Isocanace." volume="347" year="1982">Mathis 1982</bibRefCitation>
: 2 [as a subfamily of
<taxonomicName family="Canacidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" rank="family">Canacidae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="7CB544999253D3B9D1ED8BE23CA4CAF6" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Canacidae</taxonomicName>
, phylogeny].
<bibRefCitation author="McAlpine, DK" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="27 - 64" title="The surge flies (Diptera, Canacidae, Zaleinae) of Australasia and notes on tethinids-canacid morphology and relationships." url="doi: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.59.2007.1468" volume="57" year="2007">McAlpine 2007</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="0A7C59CEDD5EAF70DAAD07789B023E1D" author="McAlpine, DK" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="27 - 64" title="The surge flies (Diptera, Canacidae, Zaleinae) of Australasia and notes on tethinids-canacid morphology and relationships." url="doi: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.59.2007.1468" volume="57" year="2007">McAlpine 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 43 [review, diagnosis, status].
<bibRefCitation author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 84" title="World catalog of the family Canacidae (including Tethinidae) (Diptera), with keys to the supraspecific taxa." volume="2471" year="2010">Munari and Mathis 2010</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="8059B3E56F23FA1E6A83142AEDDDA29A" author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 84" title="World catalog of the family Canacidae (including Tethinidae) (Diptera), with keys to the supraspecific taxa." volume="2471" year="2010">Munari and Mathis 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 11-27 [world catalog].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<subSubSection id="81C0188F5EE4039192D09EFF163627C9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="601540A1F1B4DB2609D9857D80343E0E" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D0786E6F9DCDE3ADAEF652E84070963E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
Adult. Minute to moderately large surf flies, body length 1.60-5.00 mm; blackish, brownish, yellowish, or gray, often invested with whitish to grayish microtomentum. Head: Antennae broadly separated, inserted more or less on protuberant facial tubercles; subcranial cavity large; 3-5 lateroclinate fronto-orbital setae. Face slightly convex to concave; setae usually sparse except for mesoclinate vibrissal seta; vibrissal angle unmodified; clypeus prominent, enlarged, wide. Gena high, bearing 1-4 dorsoclinate genal setae. Subcranial cavity enlarged; labella short, nongeniculate; prementum short, broad, deeply incised distally, distinctly emarginated apically; tentorial arms of head capsule enormously developed and strongly sclerotized. Thorax: Mesonotum with 4 or more dorsocentral setae. Wing usually hyaline; C extended to M and with subcostal break only; Sc complete and separate from R1 almost to its apex; cells br, bm, dm, and cup complete; A1 short. Precoxal bridge present. Abdomen: Male tergites 1-6 exposed; spiracles 1-6 in posteroventral portion of tergite, spiracle 7 also in tergite 6; terminalia symmetrical; surstylus fused with epandrium; hypandrium usually with lateral arms extended above aedeagus, fused into posteriorly directed process; aedeagus relatively short; cercus usually weak. Female cerci well sclerotized, long, approximate,
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="64" start="start">bearing</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="EF8A852EC713659EA7290D175CF515E2" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" start="start">bearing</pageBreakToken>
a strong apical seta, sometimes preceded by similar but smaller setae; ventral wall of genital chamber with V- or ring-shaped sclerite; spermathecae 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Egg. Simple, ovoid; with microscopic reticulations.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Third-instar larval length 5-6 mm; tapered anteriorly and posteriorly from about 4th abdominal segment and terminated posteriorly in a slender retractable respiratory tube. Abdominal segments 2-7 with creeping welts. Prothoracic spiracle a slender retractable filament. Posterior spiracles with 3 oval spiracular openings arranged with longitudinal axis at slightly less than right angles to adjacent opening; each spiracular plate with 4 tufts of interspiracular setae. Cephalopharyngeal skeleton with ventral cornu truncate, appearing broken at apical margin; mandibles approximate anteriorly, separated posteriorly by small V-shaped accessory oral sclerite; anterior ventrolateral extensions of tentoropharyngeal sclerite narrowly fused with ventral bridge of hypopharynx; parastomal bars prominent, united by a thin fenestrated epipharyngeal sclerite.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Puparium. Brown, similar in size and form to third-instar larva, rather spindle-shaped, curved at each end; integumental spinules more prominent than on larva and anterior respiratory processes fully extended.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F81E0E7AE9CF5CA6172F1DD896F39D4E" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Egg. Simple, ovoid; with microscopic reticulations.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="51E7DAE328A1FD82C002A5F34A2ABC85" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Third-instar larval length 5-6 mm; tapered anteriorly and posteriorly from about 4th abdominal segment and terminated posteriorly in a slender retractable respiratory tube. Abdominal segments 2-7 with creeping welts. Prothoracic spiracle a slender retractable filament. Posterior spiracles with 3 oval spiracular openings arranged with longitudinal axis at slightly less than right angles to adjacent opening; each spiracular plate with 4 tufts of interspiracular setae. Cephalopharyngeal skeleton with ventral cornu truncate, appearing broken at apical margin; mandibles approximate anteriorly, separated posteriorly by small V-shaped accessory oral sclerite; anterior ventrolateral extensions of tentoropharyngeal sclerite narrowly fused with ventral bridge of hypopharynx; parastomal bars prominent, united by a thin fenestrated epipharyngeal sclerite.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DD112A93729CB13A02D2C6B03706B3FB" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Puparium. Brown, similar in size and form to third-instar larva, rather spindle-shaped, curved at each end; integumental spinules more prominent than on larva and anterior respiratory processes fully extended.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="biology">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<subSubSection id="9FD68B0BB6A3829C116EAF054C6D5E22" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="biology">
<paragraph id="3AFFD6EBD8EC3B2350277946C644DED0" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA6304DC5FC7AC1B2E1E267535A93578" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
All
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="164EB27E0C87E12DF911442147DE0F37" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
from the New World occur in intertidal habitats and are sometimes called surf flies. Although the natural history of the subfamily is poorly known, the larvae and adults are probably grazers on algae or are saprophytic in both saline and freshwater habitats. In Brazil, all species of the subfamily
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3AE99876D5B1392E719209D860EB75B4" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
occur in the littoral biotic region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<subSubSection id="2A88548BF74FA25124B9FB325EEE37D6" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AFFB36D70E83769FD0455B6B1B29294C" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D5C3FF0E7549B5CF5636FF907DBA95EA" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
Adult of
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D74CB6D95369996B04D74C4A390C85D9" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
are similar and sometimes confused with shore flies (
<taxonomicName family="Ephydridae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="family">Ephydridae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="010C163F19A9C04A383A6C2F81FFAF9E" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ephydridae</taxonomicName>
) and most species described in the 19th century were placed in the
<taxonomicName family="Ephydridae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="family">Ephydridae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="249D1F2B5C226E5F9A340BAF59BC34F0" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ephydridae</taxonomicName>
. Canacids are distinguished by the wing venation (cells bm and cup complete) and by the additional abdominal segments (5 in ephydrid males, 6 in canacids), which in females terminate as an elongate and fused epiproct+cercus that bears enlarged, apical setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<paragraph id="85CFDD0240DB9DDD85B9279A3E418767" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
The
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="65A3754AF788DEAD52C1BB2956A511FD" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
now include 122 valid species that are placed in 11 genera (
<bibRefCitation author="Wirth, WW" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" pagination="245 - 275" title="A revision of the dipterous family Canaceidae. Occasional Papers of Bernice P." volume="20" year="1951">Wirth 1951</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="9045F66BEF8C41398F945AB0700B845F" author="Wirth, WW" journalOrPublisher="Bishop Museum" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" pagination="245 - 275" title="A revision of the dipterous family Canaceidae. Occasional Papers of Bernice P." volume="20" year="1951">Wirth 1951</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Mathis 1992</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="92F3917DC11FC98B6C8807D56049DD1C" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Mathis 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 84" title="World catalog of the family Canacidae (including Tethinidae) (Diptera), with keys to the supraspecific taxa." volume="2471" year="2010">Munari and Mathis 2010</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="7EDB2C32FEB727C0DF43CC5EA3438F9C" author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 84" title="World catalog of the family Canacidae (including Tethinidae) (Diptera), with keys to the supraspecific taxa." volume="2471" year="2010">Munari and Mathis 2010</bibRefCitation>
). The New World fauna comprises five genera and 35 species (
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Wirth 1965</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="5DEC77CD6399B2CD425CE899480162F4" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Wirth 1965</bibRefCitation>
, 1975, 1987;
<bibRefCitation pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Mathis 1992</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="BE9CFA3114AAE29B7680A253826EE68B" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Mathis 1992</bibRefCitation>
). No fossils are known.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mathis’">Mathis'</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B2F0788BAB2FEAFF534B81C563709CAF" originalValue="Mathis’">Mathis'</normalizedToken>
catalog (1992) included all species then known plus references to papers containing keys and illustrations. The recent catalog of
<bibRefCitation author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 84" title="World catalog of the family Canacidae (including Tethinidae) (Diptera), with keys to the supraspecific taxa." volume="2471" year="2010">Munari and Mathis (2010)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="FBA1B600E865C678CA06016176D09991" author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 84" title="World catalog of the family Canacidae (including Tethinidae) (Diptera), with keys to the supraspecific taxa." volume="2471" year="2010">Munari and Mathis (2010)</bibRefCitation>
is a complete updating, including keys to all known genera. In the New World,
<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="590 - 608" title="A review of the beach flies of the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (Diptera: Canacidae)." volume="102" year="1989">Mathis (1989</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="249D5ED8EB1534D62BF106C213F9224D" author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="590 - 608" title="A review of the beach flies of the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (Diptera: Canacidae)." volume="102" year="1989">Mathis (1989</bibRefCitation>
, 1997) reviewed the surf-fly fauna for the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 29" title="Studies of Canacidae (Diptera), I: Suprageneric revision of the family, with revisions of new Tribe Dynomiellini and new genus Isocanace." volume="347" year="1982">Mathis (1982)</bibRefCitation>
<paragraph id="ACC246939436B1666F712B531124323D" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<bibRefCitation id="446470AE6212467DA4CF33166489F40C" author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 29" title="Studies of Canacidae (Diptera), I: Suprageneric revision of the family, with revisions of new Tribe Dynomiellini and new genus Isocanace." volume="347" year="1982">Mathis (1982)</bibRefCitation>
proposed a classification for the
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="828678B3D08FCED8CCD1A20FC7A7205A" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
sensu stricto that should be revised. The subfamily includes two tribes,
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="tribe" tribe="Canacini">Canacini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="435538C6E02F6CAE6B945FB11E3F1659" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="tribe" tribe="Canacini">Canacini</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="tribe" tribe="Nocticanacini">Nocticanacini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E0995D3AA2492B15BFD055E5D506953E" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="tribe" tribe="Nocticanacini">Nocticanacini</taxonomicName>
. The
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="tribe" tribe="Canacini">Canacini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A91B523E7F7506BDA3A218A08D06F385" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="tribe" tribe="Canacini">Canacini</taxonomicName>
are represented in the New World by a single genus,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Canacea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Canacea" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Canacea</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3BFF38A32D24DB015BB4E311A8BBF10B" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Canacea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Canacea" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Canacea</taxonomicName>
Cresson, which belongs to the subtribe
<taxonomicName genus="Dynomiellina" lsidName="Dynomiellina" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="genus">Dynomiellina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="AD10CEB18779F047D9EF775B8FDB80FA" genus="Dynomiellina" lsidName="Dynomiellina" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="genus">Dynomiellina</taxonomicName>
. The
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="tribe" tribe="Nocticanacini">Nocticanacini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="97037A0CC44B28B8388DADF3BED92889" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="tribe" tribe="Nocticanacini">Nocticanacini</taxonomicName>
are represented by three genera in the New World,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Canaceoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Canaceoides" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Canaceoides</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="80AADFB9B461084D72AEC17CF718CF94" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Canaceoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Canaceoides" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Canaceoides</taxonomicName>
Cresson,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Nocticanace" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nocticanace" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nocticanace</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3A20B72A07DF152A9F5BA44C24D32001" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Nocticanace" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nocticanace" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nocticanace</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Paracanace" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paracanace" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paracanace</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="16E4C566CAEC4D5133F9EC77CFBBD0FF" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Paracanace" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paracanace" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paracanace</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Procanace" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procanace" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procanace</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="29EB2D448F84AEAF133C23752B477B17" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Procanace" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procanace" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procanace</taxonomicName>
, the fifth New World genus, was initially placed in
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="tribe" tribe="Nocticanacini">Nocticanacini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E8A781B6F9830E6D6D7C86591BB6D20E" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="tribe" tribe="Nocticanacini">Nocticanacini</taxonomicName>
, but it is now evident that this genus is the sister group to all other genera of the subfamily
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D9FC472EA1E7BCA9B794839BC4C961A2" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="key to genera of canacinae from brazil">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<subSubSection id="3634D112863DB16F3D1E837D77322A14" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="key to genera of canacinae from brazil">
<paragraph id="9CD9A846794B40181336C7F911AEB98A" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
Key to Genera of
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4590E7C849EA8DF170A9714C2AE09F42" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Canacinae">Canacinae</taxonomicName>
from Brazil
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<table pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Procanace" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procanace" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procanace</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="50DF3C6695124938B092F41198D3559E" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<table id="1DEC7480781F5D7484798DF02B3CFFFD" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<tr id="401167BE3441C07B3F22451184DC713A" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<td id="79919A913527CE32B82C953181B9122E" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="DBC70056738958A46A1C9192B5BAF1D7" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Procanace" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Procanace" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Procanace</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Nocticanace" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nocticanace" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nocticanace</taxonomicName>
<tr id="D0697CA3A5AEDF0D00C317AC66FE847D" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<td id="02419CE8AC14F7C2276AC447737A92F6" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="E19504C0311D9DD09319CA38BA1EEF53" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Nocticanace" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nocticanace" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nocticanace</taxonomicName>
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</tr>
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Paracanace" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paracanace" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paracanace</taxonomicName>
<tr id="5587D259D0EC63F5644A2FB05EB7E558" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
<td id="BF6127ED3E8589DFA5173F21FD7B03D0" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="B4E1474F1B0F30CAE8D838B4234E1BB3" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Paracanace" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paracanace" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paracanace</taxonomicName>
</td>
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</table>

351
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903449" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A2D35F8B-369A-466A-9D88-217E0BFE090B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8CFFCDAE83B6EBBD66E4AEB772D6F159" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/A2D35F8B-369A-466A-9D88-217E0BFE090B" authority="Nesheim &amp; Masner" class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia tubulifer" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tubulifer">Phanuromyia tubulifer Nesheim &amp; Masner</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="24" pageNumber="95">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<treatment id="8CFFCDAE83B6EBBD66E4AEB772D6F159" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903449" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A2D35F8B-369A-466A-9D88-217E0BFE090B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8CFFCDAE83B6EBBD66E4AEB772D6F159" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="24" pageNumber="95" scope_family="Platygastridae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Telenominae">
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<paragraph id="DFF4364123FBF55F39EA5305BC3F0C7E" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="795F680C0BD5E357CB5610E74F94D477" LSID="http://zoobank.org/A2D35F8B-369A-466A-9D88-217E0BFE090B" authority="Nesheim &amp; Masner" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia tubulifer" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tubulifer">Phanuromyia tubulifer Nesheim &amp; Masner</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EAC02EB4232FF428E7833351F21AB72B" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 86-91
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="96" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="96">
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="96" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="139EC314ABE8019EC41D038CDEFA4E2B" pageId="25" pageNumber="96" type="description">
<paragraph id="047BC9C22AE9E98C8EECD6E39940B55C" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">
<pageBreakToken id="C8D8358B8E10DC72CD77E687B88282A6" pageId="25" pageNumber="96" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Female body length: 2.24-2.26 mm (n=2).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with multiple transverse rugae. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with 2 rows of setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="25" pageNumber="96">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="96">
<paragraph id="0ED754118DD406411BCA12E9034F3D7C" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Female body length: 2.24-2.26 mm (n=2).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A78650CF6E2536D005EDF03CAA5E66F8" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with multiple transverse rugae. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with 2 rows of setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption id="EDCCB960EC24DBE2788738BEE921FFFD" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">
<paragraph id="04FDDC0059CBB59DD9A09DBE2CBA1657" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">
Figures 86-91.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia tubulifer" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tubulifer">Phanuromyia tubulifer</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="200C19612875EE991A8D306D225121E5" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia tubulifer" pageId="25" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="tubulifer">Phanuromyia tubulifer</taxonomicName>
♀ (OSUC149410), 86 Dorsal habitus 87 Lateral habitus 88 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 89 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 90 Head, mouthparts, anteroventral view 91 Mesosoma, T1, lateral view. Scale bar in millimeters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: uncertain, rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: present.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="96">T1: with distinct, tubular horn reaching higher than metascutellum. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: entirely costate. Posterior margin of T2: straight; only slightly concave. Number of visible terga past T2: 3 or 4. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5DE062DB008F9A4A0ED8BB2A1352D23E" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: uncertain, rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: present.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72E3DCECBA7ECC66A4B76950FD21DC09" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2C43EB73A38B9C01EAF59B3434B474F6" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">T1: with distinct, tubular horn reaching higher than metascutellum. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: entirely costate. Posterior margin of T2: straight; only slightly concave. Number of visible terga past T2: 3 or 4. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="96" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia tubulifer" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tubulifer">Phanuromyia tubulifer</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="F40F9876863D9D9AEC8C7B247092A470" pageId="25" pageNumber="96" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="BC608C760B1C4EB611083E68AEA79C7B" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6FB47E59DE550E035B90503021C2DAF8" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="62E4B79DCD48A806BC135542AF6F6BF2" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia tubulifer" pageId="25" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="tubulifer">Phanuromyia tubulifer</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the distinct, tubular horn on T1 and the thin foliaceous lamella present medially on the propodeum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="96" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="96">
<subSubSection id="F2EF58EE259BCF2FE8FF2F0E6A796B6C" pageId="25" pageNumber="96" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8A4DB7FFB91691C325299154EFC1175A" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B3450022D80A250F37A53C3F2FFABEA" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">
The name
<taxonomicName genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha tubulifer" pageId="25" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="tubulifer">tubulifer</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="BC0AEEDE3BAF1519CF04BB3FB130A139" genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha tubulifer" pageId="25" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="tubulifer">tubulifer</taxonomicName>
refers to the presence of the diagnostic tubular horn on T1 in this species. This name is to be used as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="96">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=403723]</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="1CE3ABD26E18C3BFE8FD8B5A44FE464B" pageId="25" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B36C0D032C405D52AA813F65EF8CFB52" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E0F88B0FD0D77AD5E6ED149D617D785" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=403723]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="96" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="96">
<subSubSection id="444D2E53D29C979E0BD05F629803EDB3" pageId="25" pageNumber="96" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="DBB3CAFF563B13F46784C5BD9848159C" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A29D8013784BFD95C3866BDCB60CE6A" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">
Holotype, female: GUYANA: Potaro-Siparuni Reg., 100-200 m,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="4.671944">04°40'19&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E5F5AB8FA12D9AACB972D182D407F706" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="4.671944">04°40'19&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-58.684444">58°41'04&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="26F534363F547720705E6EBA5B64F9E3" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-58.684444">58°41'04&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, Iwokrama Forest Reserve, V-2001 - VI-2001, flight intercept trap, R. Brooks &amp; Z. Falin, OSUC149410 (deposited in CNCI). Paratype: BRAZIL: 1 female, OSUC149411 (CNCI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="25" pageNumber="96" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="96">This species is distinct due to its tubular horn, although it is unknown whether the males express this character to any significant degree.</paragraph>
<subSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" type="key to species of the phanuromyia galeata group">
<paragraph pageId="26" pageNumber="97">
<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="97" start="start">Key</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="F1FF9612F5FD09940A566E29FCEB659A" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="25" pageNumber="96" type="comments">
<paragraph id="7EAD9062B279F2101621DB9E28D5A624" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6421EBAB9BB226BA49A563737C206B01" pageId="25" pageNumber="96">This species is distinct due to its tubular horn, although it is unknown whether the males express this character to any significant degree.</paragraph>
<subSection id="3309044FD4C74713AC8AD148FEA2F680" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" type="key to species of the phanuromyia galeata group">
<paragraph id="65B7C55AC0964CFDC23CB4111E9207AF" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">
<pageBreakToken id="A4EAC4044F13D5B537E59315882E12F5" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" start="start">Key</pageBreakToken>
to species of the
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia galeata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galeata">Phanuromyia galeata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="133F7C729787DC4F4991A8B782D118B2" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia galeata" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" rank="species" species="galeata">Phanuromyia galeata</taxonomicName>
group
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">
<table lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">
<tr pageId="26" pageNumber="97">
<td colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">394638</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">2</td>
<paragraph id="04E8C56077D6ECBAD5CF2F74D66DA79B" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">
<table id="E6E512C7E05ED6B550BFE584B81D6722" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">
<tr id="A747D04772407CDA5B39ED616B1DC8F4" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">
<td id="DCCB15A22C59096BF70D03833E7F5661" colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">394638</td>
<td id="FC2A255B666AB60F3A34A6DA5890B447" colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">2</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="26" pageNumber="97">
<td colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">341</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">3</td>
<tr id="F9C5506134D6C3A41672E0F5991A4868" pageId="26" pageNumber="97">
<td id="7F608FDFFAC87921B467335DE227D59B" colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">341</td>
<td id="A29E21E3943DD0C6193B43C5B2626E8E" colspan="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="97" rowspan="1">3</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="98" start="start">37</pageBreakToken>
<tr id="6E1EF35E58F902C4CF713A0350D7F29E" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td id="2E3DB056F9545672A3D7C8C8AB159DA7" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<pageBreakToken id="B27E936275F6E304C7A11A2046BD73DC" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" start="start">37</pageBreakToken>
-42
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. galeata" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="galeata">P. galeata</taxonomicName>
<td id="F4914D70B36E28BFE8A418B4E76992A3" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="D6049EC36AB2ABBD10B5CED2CA01AF73" lsidName="P. galeata" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="galeata">P. galeata</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">43-48</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. galerita" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="galerita">P. galerita</taxonomicName>
<tr id="C93D3C045E61E67E387FF1019276EEA0" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td id="0B97867C55D8C4A9BD3FD9E0F5C1591F" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">43-48</td>
<td id="A8A341F09BBAEDDF3A4607E51A6C91B7" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="92402CF7EDB93191A233DF9C5EB14584" lsidName="P. galerita" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="galerita">P. galerita</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">3559</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">4</td>
<tr id="591BC2FEC9316345062E22130843758F" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td id="7BD565FBF7959331F893EE2BB24895C3" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">3559</td>
<td id="7098B0E235996973FA97731B458DB33B" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">4</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">90</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">5</td>
<tr id="B87F952EA0F7826D01938A8EE076F717" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td id="01A8CB186E52C2DEF78D8CD71F5DAE50" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">90</td>
<td id="BAD4DD54172BD8D93790C1ABCC5C3DCD" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">5</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">31-36</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dissidens" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="dissidens">P. dissidens</taxonomicName>
<tr id="1CB5DD1533BC253D102CBDA453798B83" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td id="59D9574DC1B836B81D10658BDC3A2590" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">31-36</td>
<td id="E6406439D8EE3F3F88D390612995B062" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="078DEA2C0ED12D1D87DA812BA14E64DE" lsidName="P. dissidens" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="dissidens">P. dissidens</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">55-60</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. krossotos" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="krossotos">P. krossotos</taxonomicName>
<tr id="D45D3EEF4A81A2549083C538577905CD" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td id="11E74ECED396CF798E3F6AA39D42E75C" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">55-60</td>
<td id="BB7F5F2FAEEA620E83DEAE5098B0D077" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="D6FB2A93CDB4B29D53849A3B767C3CE8" lsidName="P. krossotos" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="krossotos">P. krossotos</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">86-91</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tubulifer" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="tubulifer">P. tubulifer</taxonomicName>
<tr id="F0BFF261E3D115A2DDAA87426E0BDE78" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td id="DA4D09A0DA15B7050AE462BC50574EFE" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">86-91</td>
<td id="5435F99E444DCE697AE82421CB77044F" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="F688DDBD2FE55A526EAAF3615B101F9A" lsidName="P. tubulifer" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="tubulifer">P. tubulifer</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">38253881</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">6</td>
<tr id="82C5B7C14812E0243125953C3267B5C0" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td id="68CC7080F5737A796924955F1A3C3045" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">38253881</td>
<td id="A124A4536CB27E4FFF120AC926F05ABF" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">6</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">74</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">7</td>
<tr id="0E849991843E7F3C96281BB5C36A1DA1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td id="5507084F3263C68AF55C6A34773037BB" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">74</td>
<td id="492BE07BECA8D4896B1F2B459392DEB4" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">7</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">37</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">8</td>
<tr id="6C81103DCB06226FCF3182BEBD37AC82" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td id="28F9E39C30084DB2F3AADCEE330C22EE" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">37</td>
<td id="BBD4D665F6D015E996153F08F39A4E14" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">8</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">74-79</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. princeps" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="princeps">P. princeps</taxonomicName>
<tr id="013BF15A67F9D63221C2C75321C24EEB" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td id="91760BA27669631DD428D61E49D3D6D3" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">74-79</td>
<td id="E0CE897904FA761A147D98736814DD22" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="530E713236110F660F66ED92D1A217B9" lsidName="P. princeps" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="princeps">P. princeps</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">68-73</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pauper" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="pauper">P. pauper</taxonomicName>
<tr id="CD534D9DA9762D118D4D8BF81BAC029C" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td id="71DCB634124C2F3A6333BFC227B324F8" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">68-73</td>
<td id="9C75E9D6161FD93F2DEB9335D9F5F060" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="D17C2080838077F0C65E4EC97B4D8CF1" lsidName="P. pauper" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="pauper">P. pauper</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">85</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">9</td>
<tr id="713B2CEC3BFF22F822D32692F0A30804" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td id="15F790A8E9DF1ABFC9923937057A6E1D" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">85</td>
<td id="693AACCB63DCE639CBC4930379A54B59" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">9</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">37</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">10</td>
<tr id="6CAE39E36ACB0FB0905B14D69D65C7BA" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td id="0169FC59548FA1709BA7CBAD0DFEBABC" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">37</td>
<td id="276092254F2513EFDE08EDD4891AFF17" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">10</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">25-30</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cudo" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="cudo">P. cudo</taxonomicName>
<tr id="4F8A4DC0BC8F597A45B8C9DB91879096" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td id="B1A0F75EA8AB7068A4C5A054065BFCE4" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">25-30</td>
<td id="D6848D6999E724CD3C23A14F0D81F069" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="C84A5D453DE1EAB87CED869EF2A3E826" lsidName="P. cudo" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="cudo">P. cudo</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">680</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tonsura" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="tonsura">P. tonsura</taxonomicName>
<tr id="9468414C07979ED7DEE2F5EBE92A2AD9" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td id="17B00EC9552BF985CA5E87CCF21CBF0B" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">680</td>
<td id="266D0C6FBCB139817E03B41F95565F5B" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="9C9486199768B4419B98EF93FE528A34" lsidName="P. tonsura" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="tonsura">P. tonsura</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">1-6</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. comata" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="comata">P. comata</taxonomicName>
<tr id="1BF4E7555FC7913069DD58D0D5D25668" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td id="05EAE0C9B51EDAB4EAA7E9419C17C2EA" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">1-6</td>
<td id="5F288F1D2B295BCBD96B919F7EE85C57" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="ED608BAC5A091E62E97D94C66E573652" lsidName="P. comata" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rank="species" species="comata">P. comata</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">66</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">11</td>
<tr id="59AA5309A5D03ABC2303382653C330DD" pageId="27" pageNumber="98">
<td id="B1DE22FB02C3A98E944B2056BB430DE7" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">66</td>
<td id="DD66670F3182454E1891BCB98B794FDB" colspan="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="98" rowspan="1">11</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
<td colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="99" start="start">61</pageBreakToken>
<tr id="01EBCA7F80B10AC21FF8F2FF6E32AAC9" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
<td id="18C3C23F5ADA44E7E2F9610152CDD198" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<pageBreakToken id="C1C48D0FF2D973795066785676F46E39" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" start="start">61</pageBreakToken>
-66
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">12</td>
<td id="C0C998CF212C2701D6A3E3A758BFBBCF" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">12</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
<td colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">20</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">13</td>
<tr id="16CE261673243B6918F52ECDB33B4BE8" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
<td id="E7BC430EACFD1A0BE1FDEAABE64EBFB3" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">20</td>
<td id="9DCD76993FD9EC53E450C5D46B0B7E37" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">13</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
<td colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">62</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. odo" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="odo">P. odo</taxonomicName>
<tr id="FB9FB4B174A2E7D61A3D52EE355DB09D" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
<td id="0DE475114CC61CF6D5A975E3241E0D68" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">62</td>
<td id="2DB7052659E5710AD121B0C9E0913BC4" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="84996E390D5AAD01D2FDC997CE3FD7CF" lsidName="P. odo" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="odo">P. odo</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
<td colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">54</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. hjalmr" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="hjalmr">P. hjalmr</taxonomicName>
<tr id="CDEBFBD69E7E762A72138E66E8222C0F" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
<td id="62EEEEC2413DE55E140CEE6140967E28" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">54</td>
<td id="D0693C73835A4A977023FF4CAA923027" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="EF99744A52D6233A4C09AEEC68429CEB" lsidName="P. hjalmr" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="hjalmr">P. hjalmr</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
<td colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">19-24</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cranos" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="cranos">P. cranos</taxonomicName>
<tr id="2189A943A873E3EAA19AD65CCC57F8D3" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
<td id="4CA4699A452AAD9B1CE3135FE5C50DC8" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">19-24</td>
<td id="17CBC3DBF8037C5DD4B5C6D6282E6441" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="8192104238A2C4CCC4B8C55F8AE7516F" lsidName="P. cranos" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="cranos">P. cranos</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
<td colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">812</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">14</td>
<tr id="D6959A30C925F1325718690B214C4D4B" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
<td id="F46E200E699B1E97653DC32D0FC9BB1C" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">812</td>
<td id="1E207319463A5F32366A2D871C68992C" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">14</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
<td colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">13-18</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. corys" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="corys">P. corys</taxonomicName>
<tr id="EB920C8EF1AD6D019D4283F97A8D89ED" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
<td id="9A54639DB2E1782D1D33760041827958" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">13-18</td>
<td id="646E6AEB0462F200EA745DB3B6239786" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="5DC9AF4FE09D496521231C8B99F07151" lsidName="P. corys" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="corys">P. corys</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
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</tr>
<tr pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
<td colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">7-12</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. constellata" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="constellata">P. constellata</taxonomicName>
<tr id="F8D8625A0A0C97661F23234AB45525C5" pageId="28" pageNumber="99">
<td id="4A14D7AF694D98EA6023C74471D89057" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">7-12</td>
<td id="A7606F0FA668FC4B28FEE9533A4FE706" colspan="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="FBE26DA1CC0F9B6778C5046B2356672A" lsidName="P. constellata" pageId="28" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="constellata">P. constellata</taxonomicName>
sp. n.
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130
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Parapholidoptera_bolkarensis" authority="Ciplak, 2000" authorityName="Ciplak" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Parapholidoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapholidoptera bolkarensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolkarensis">
<treatment id="8F39BDBCF016D1F2C3BC08F7F9FB99DC" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050452" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F39BDBCF016D1F2C3BC08F7F9FB99DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F39BDBCF016D1F2C3BC08F7F9FB99DC" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" scope_family="Tettigoniidae" scope_order="Orthoptera" scope_subFamily="Tettigoniinae" scope_subOrder="Ensifera">
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<paragraph id="73AE5F699712AD1DE34123A6D3186784" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Parapholidoptera bolkarensis
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çıplak">Ciplak</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="77BFD59E44F5AC126D56B6F62C9A325F" originalValue="Çıplak">Ciplak</normalizedToken>
, 2000
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="196C0CFE9812B979ACA5622607FD139F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="67E165D582B62EC2A7D78FD9FD5A1FDB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ACC561CD3DBE9E78E6FE99CB0E98DD86" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Endemic for Turkey, Bolkar Mountains (Figure 5a) (
<bibRefCitation author="Ciplak, B" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="411 - 436" title="The systematics and phylogeny of Parapholidoptera (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae)." url="10.1111/j.1365-3113.2000.00112.x" volume="25" year="2000">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çıplak">Ciplak</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="499260805BACF24369C6DF7F5F74E9D1" author="Ciplak, B" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="411 - 436" title="The systematics and phylogeny of Parapholidoptera (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae)." url="10.1111/j.1365-3113.2000.00112.x" volume="25" year="2000">
<normalizedToken id="DA43EE7302AD97D6D596E8751B25B540" originalValue="Çıplak">Ciplak</normalizedToken>
2000
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).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Figure 5. Distribution map (A) and male calling song of
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<taxonomicName id="4CF5AACB7E2A0F9280BF92AA95D99BD8" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Parapholidoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapholidoptera bolkarensis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolkarensis">Parapholidoptera bolkarensis</taxonomicName>
(B sequences of phrases C a group of phrases and D one complete phrase).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Song recording.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph id="637A165794B4D62019E4D5DCBE2B635D" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Song recording.</paragraph>
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Male specimens collected from Turkey,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Niğde">Nigde</normalizedToken>
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,
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,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Karagöl">Karagoel</normalizedToken>
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Yolu, Bolkar
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dağları">Daglari</normalizedToken>
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, 2285 m (type locality), 12.VIII.2011 (by M. S. Taylan, A.
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<normalizedToken id="9FD5142D79B2B41DD15444184D1F46E4" originalValue="Aydın">Aydin</normalizedToken>
) and calling song recorded from two males at 25 °C in the field (by M. S. Taylan).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description of song">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description of song.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="5AED8FBF3FD96C6C747D6BFC0BC79B2F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description of song">
<paragraph id="F693014E661F4D97DD54A72E72130F06" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description of song.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B642A17DC2B89555A69C49B6CD87C30" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Total of the six records from two males was examined. The calling song consists of a series of regular phrases (Figure 5b) with an interval of 509-1259 ms (0.76
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="942AAC1E13639AC438D3092A600F3D49" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.10). Phrase durations vary between 219-346 ms (294
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="8D07B5651A53B49AE32C17ACB8E34F32" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.04) and
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">phrases</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="3AE4A26948DE3192BB21A312F9F568F8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">phrases</pageBreakToken>
consist of 4-6 (5.21
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="3535E84C89A84DDE7E92A66F55DF1976" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.54) syllables. The first and second syllables at the beginning of the phrase are quieter and shorter (having low amplitudes) than the following ones (Figure 5c). Syllable duration varies between 17 and 41 ms (30.74
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="FB192BB91FCD5170A9E7CD105903799D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
4.08) with an interval of 21-47 ms (28.52
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A51CE67DBA825270A5EEEC5EC8A0FE60" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3.13). Oscillographic analyses showed that each syllable contains two parts. First part of syllables relatively short and consist of comprised song elements (Figure 5d). First parts generally last 8-13 ms (11.71
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C3A54AEA054286351CD933D26F38193B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.16) and are followed by second part after an interval of 0-5 ms (1.22
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="719C8CB405BA1292E4E2B1FA6F061755" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.48). The second syllable part includes several high amplitudes elements (Figure 5d). These elements number is always 3-4 in first syllable and following respectively 9-10, 12-13, 13-15, 16-18 and 16-18 in last syllable. The second syllable part is much louder (except of the first syllable) and longer than the first part and duration varies between 9 and 27 ms (16.71
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="36B5108D9B1420A1C81C9D9E8225BB44" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3.76).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

143
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<mods:title id="E7A4135C78D48D971E5A701733FCB17A">The Phanuromyiagaleata species group (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae, Telenominae): shining a lantern into an unexplored corner of Neotropical diversity</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Nesheim, Katherine C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Masner, Lubomir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Johnson, Norman F.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903448" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:561818C9-9A51-492A-84C5-910AF4BDDA62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9160FBF16F8A2DE82486FB29088B267E" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/561818C9-9A51-492A-84C5-910AF4BDDA62" authority="Nesheim &amp; Masner" class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia pauper" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauper">Phanuromyia pauper Nesheim &amp; Masner</taxonomicName>
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<treatment id="9160FBF16F8A2DE82486FB29088B267E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903448" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:561818C9-9A51-492A-84C5-910AF4BDDA62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9160FBF16F8A2DE82486FB29088B267E" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" scope_family="Platygastridae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Telenominae">
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<paragraph id="4336F0067A9C1D6336EEAF94AED17DAE" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName id="E3E33DA8BE38A31E160FF577AFA82B28" LSID="http://zoobank.org/561818C9-9A51-492A-84C5-910AF4BDDA62" authority="Nesheim &amp; Masner" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia pauper" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauper">Phanuromyia pauper Nesheim &amp; Masner</taxonomicName>
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Figures 68-73
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="90" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Female body length: 1.31-1.62 mm (n=19).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with irregular rugosity medially. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with 2 rows of setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
<subSubSection id="CA432C8FE0AC2F69DD4E9C34FE06D54C" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" type="description">
<paragraph id="BA9C921B93D629AA8DB1E2C66A97DD69" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87AFD874A48AA7F1C035044885E2955A" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Female body length: 1.31-1.62 mm (n=19).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1A0E63244E2B310C84AB3F9BF8A5647" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with irregular rugosity medially. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with 2 rows of setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption id="EA767FF846A5740C94F7C051087806CB" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
<paragraph id="C6CDBFC1074F499ABC42D14FF2B2A598" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
Figures 68-73.
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♀ (OSUC550066), 68 Lateral habitus 69 Dorsal habitus 70 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 71 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 72 Head, mouthparts, anteroventral view 73 T1-T2, lateral view. Scale bar in millimeters.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: medially without costae or foveolae. T2 sculpture: laterally scrobiculate, smooth medially. Sculpture of T1: evenly costate across anterior 1/3 to 1/2, smooth in remaining apical portion. Posterior margin of T2: straight. Number of visible terga past T2: 4 or 5. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E7F850D422BD800467CE06D474702EDD" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A599BE6620BE044E3D50298052B9AA5" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="36EC5955F8C0C1568C26FAD0F17E3981" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: medially without costae or foveolae. T2 sculpture: laterally scrobiculate, smooth medially. Sculpture of T1: evenly costate across anterior 1/3 to 1/2, smooth in remaining apical portion. Posterior margin of T2: straight. Number of visible terga past T2: 4 or 5. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="90" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia pauper" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauper">Phanuromyia pauper</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="203159389BE09DC6F8FEE91B2DCF0073" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="AFFB68F0FC6B0896C5E6A2A75079CA5D" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82F45CDBA66C975E3C67915F812A27D7" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
<taxonomicName id="36B4274CF8E3EA0041D75EE239A7F8F4" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia pauper" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="pauper">Phanuromyia pauper</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the T2 sculpture, which is scrobiculate laterally and smooth medially.
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="90" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
<subSubSection id="C30FDF94691F31A7401417D0BD7CC5F0" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="AAA110783A5A95AC69E5F195BCA788B2" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99FF26AB1D9743F5FB99BF3E4D5F7A79" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
The name
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<taxonomicName id="2EB8DF192A1F5E2E91449FC7319A1541" genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha pauper" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="pauper">pauper</taxonomicName>
refers to the lack of longitudinal costae on the base of T2. This name is to be used as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="90" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=389329]</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="CE43ADC0C47C3D3D4DE12BF507C5AEC5" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A5517EC1F43B1B75DF01962453044749" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DC9F9581FDE01C8903C05BC0D44EB24D" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=389329]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="90" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
<subSubSection id="AC11EBBA746A56A69E1D30C0B4C6C361" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="0FDD83489E7AD099329D021A712A6C86" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="93FA4C8F0CD85C3649ED6AA9F7A44D35" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
Holotype, female: PERU: Madre de Dios Reg., canopy, 290m,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-12.833333">12°50'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="992D11E24E972A151945812ABB3A4F3C" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-12.833333">12°50'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.28333">69°17'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="160682776C210666EA02FD5049C6B562" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-69.28333">69°17'W</geoCoordinate>
, Tambopata National Reserve, III-1983 - IX-1983, fogging, T. L. Erwin, OSUC149427 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: ECUADOR: 18 females, OSUC149396, 149424-149425, 164002, 549972, 550011, 550062-550067, 550069-550074 (CNCI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="90" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
<subSubSection id="36034CD8C4B52EB0AB5D373542653192" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" type="comments">
<paragraph id="50ABDAB7D39EF4ED6066C5626420C4D9" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="597B24B5F7EA31EF2256D858CB3C95FD" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
This species very closely resembles
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. princeps" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="princeps">P. princeps</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="605719507B00D8635234FD00AA349C87" lsidName="P. princeps" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="princeps">P. princeps</taxonomicName>
, although the two species can be distinguished easily by the sculpture of T2:
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. princeps" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="princeps">P. princeps</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="169EEC235955E56C0601ECD41C3CBEC0" lsidName="P. princeps" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="princeps">P. princeps</taxonomicName>
has a complete scrobiculate angled
<normalizedToken originalValue="“belt”">&quot;belt&quot;</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="6EC0B0C9F076E07F2CA250F893FA05AF" originalValue="“belt”">&quot;belt&quot;</normalizedToken>
while
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pauper" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="pauper">P. pauper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D520EEE56A8644FBBB5238C08714BE06" lsidName="P. pauper" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="pauper">P. pauper</taxonomicName>
only has lateral costae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

151
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<mods:namePart>Nesheim, Katherine C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Masner, Lubomir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Johnson, Norman F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="78DA2DFAF22F80BF8BC9003F836DA8B2">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number>663</mods:number>
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<mods:date id="522FAD668F74A926AC5291B1C6E54A4D">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:start>71</mods:start>
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<mods:start id="F1929A80AD5740E7A0A86BD70CDF29BE">71</mods:start>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903447" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:561818C9-9A51-492A-84C5-910AF4BDDA62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/971F033FDFB68E9E67B94D3F4AEF1DE9" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/561818C9-9A51-492A-84C5-910AF4BDDA62" authority="Nesheim" class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia odo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="odo">Phanuromyia odo Nesheim</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="16" pageNumber="87">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<treatment id="971F033FDFB68E9E67B94D3F4AEF1DE9" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903447" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:561818C9-9A51-492A-84C5-910AF4BDDA62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/971F033FDFB68E9E67B94D3F4AEF1DE9" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" scope_family="Platygastridae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Telenominae">
<subSubSection id="2F1CD45241B255935C6113FBFE34165E" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="19956F06DED35D96CD097DF9BAA150FF" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="380B4215B03AA263F2114BD9EEB8A849" LSID="http://zoobank.org/561818C9-9A51-492A-84C5-910AF4BDDA62" authority="Nesheim" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia odo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="odo">Phanuromyia odo Nesheim</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="662A7DFB49CDFE71D460FB7494305BFE" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 61-66
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="88" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="88">
<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="88" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="F8895828973E9B10AFED058766CE2633" pageId="17" pageNumber="88" type="description">
<paragraph id="B00DCDCB8F66C620BC6EC186A4AFF96F" pageId="17" pageNumber="88">
<pageBreakToken id="47F88FAA4B07C9677F805657CFD47D59" pageId="17" pageNumber="88" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="88">Female body length: 1.51-2.78 mm (n=22).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="88">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with 3-6 transverse rugae medially; with irregular rugosity medially. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with 2 rows of setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="17" pageNumber="88">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="88">
<paragraph id="2937B31376688A3FBAFA592AB9B36089" pageId="17" pageNumber="88">Female body length: 1.51-2.78 mm (n=22).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87CFBD56E50B464FEB0A75FB90C1405E" pageId="17" pageNumber="88">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with 3-6 transverse rugae medially; with irregular rugosity medially. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with 2 rows of setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption id="E5E2C788C15028C2BA7074D4A25F75D8" pageId="17" pageNumber="88">
<paragraph id="AD60538518E9E1033DD954D2B22C107D" pageId="17" pageNumber="88">
Figures 61-66.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia odo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="odo">Phanuromyia odo</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D154AB38C748A402076C75EF07B58834" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia odo" pageId="17" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="odo">Phanuromyia odo</taxonomicName>
♀ (OSUC550248), 61 Lateral habitus 62 Dorsal habitus 63 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 64 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 65 Head, mouthparts, anteroventral view 66 T2-T6, dorsal view. Scale bar in millimeters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="88">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="88">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="88">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: entirely costate. Posterior margin of T2: distinctly concave. Number of visible terga past T2: 2 or 3. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="24FEC93D5E60D654FA2F1BF5284F0AF7" pageId="17" pageNumber="88">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BDD54E28F63230C3E5ED385A48ED1D04" pageId="17" pageNumber="88">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE43ECE7F1CBEB62EF50F11D4D58CCDD" pageId="17" pageNumber="88">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: entirely costate. Posterior margin of T2: distinctly concave. Number of visible terga past T2: 2 or 3. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="17" pageNumber="88" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="88">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="17" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia odo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="odo">Phanuromyia odo</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="D5A87DA140FD7174D8F221ECD8871358" pageId="17" pageNumber="88" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0FB30EF522F856FD236DFD52B843A75A" pageId="17" pageNumber="88">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="96D11B6C23D172224603B0994A00ABDB" pageId="17" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName id="37422A1DC0E6500B9861177EFF1625EB" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia odo" pageId="17" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="odo">Phanuromyia odo</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the distinctly concave posterior margin of T2 combined with the entirely costate sculpture of T1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="89" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="89">
<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="89" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="1D6614A36BFE549072C20AB2B5C8DAB5" pageId="18" pageNumber="89" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E64D110B897B81D5C3DD2E12B91EDF9C" pageId="18" pageNumber="89">
<pageBreakToken id="782C89E073D69C79E5C8F6DE27FAF50B" pageId="18" pageNumber="89" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="89">
<paragraph id="6CF744AE4C82457A3E0D95AF5F96CA2E" pageId="18" pageNumber="89">
The name
<taxonomicName genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha odo" pageId="18" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="odo">odo</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3BFCE7B8B9FAFD94EB0DC0C631917EEE" genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha odo" pageId="18" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="odo">odo</taxonomicName>
is derived from the name of the Changeling in the popular television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine because this species has variable morphology. This name is to be used as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="89">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="89">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=389324]</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="DBBE6843B38D07562C7FC49FCD7C3096" pageId="18" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="0D16C173D2105DE9EBBED73E89AA3283" pageId="18" pageNumber="89">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="567B5928DCB19A0A79D40D4AB957F379" pageId="18" pageNumber="89">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=389324]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="18" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="89">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="18" pageNumber="89">
<subSubSection id="3919139598E3B7C6B2B786B2DD172ABE" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="18" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="11579A6BF0A840C620C41B62CFD1C87E" pageId="18" pageNumber="89">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3BEF1C4260771366CF784CA3CB75CD0C" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="18" pageNumber="89">
Holotype, female: COSTA RICA: Heredia Prov., La Selva Biological Station, 1.
<normalizedToken originalValue="V–">V-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4BE1595864A82B85E1FEE6CDB14260E2" originalValue="V–">V-</normalizedToken>
8.V.1989, Malaise trap, B. V. Brown, OSUC149335 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: (175 females, 2 males) BELIZE: 2 females, OSUC149352,
<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="90" start="start">550252</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="DA97EE40DAF86C5F8E559D4F3C0BAF2A" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" start="start">550252</pageBreakToken>
(CNCI). BOLIVIA: 6 females, OSUC149354, 149372, 149375, 550122, 550127-550128 (CNCI). BRAZIL: 9 females, OSUC149341-149342, 149345, 149378, 550075-550076, 550232, 550238 (CNCI); OSUC151125 (OSUC). COLOMBIA: 1 female, OSUC149373 (CNCI). COSTA RICA: 100 females, 1 male, OSUC149329-149331, 149333-149334, 149336-149337, 149348, 149350, 149353, 149355-149357, 149362-149364, 149367, 149369, 149377, 164001, 550085-550086, 550098, 550123-550126, 550129-550133, 550135, 550148, 550150, 550157-550158, 550204-550219, 550221-550231, 550233-550237, 550239, 550241-550251, 550253-550268, 550270, 575269-575270 (CNCI); OSUC575271 (OSUC). ECUADOR: 43 females, 1 male, OSUC149338-149340, 149343-149344, 149347, 149351, 149361, 149365-149366, 240601, 320966, 550134, 550136-550147, 550149, 550151-550156, 550159-550160, 550162-550169, 550220, 550240 (CNCI). EL SALVADOR: 1 female, OSUC149374 (CNCI). FRENCH GUIANA: 6 females, OSUC550103-550104, 550108, 555797, 555799-555800 (CNCI). GUATEMALA: 1 female, OSUC149371 (CNCI). MEXICO: 1 female, OSUC149346 (CNCI). PANAMA: 1 female, OSUC149368 (CNCI). PERU: 1 female, OSUC149376 (CNCI). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: 1 female, OSUC550161 (CNCI). VENEZUELA: 2 females, OSUC149332, 149349 (CNCI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="90" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
<subSubSection id="695E290763B1DBE6F4F089B7C2331A49" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" type="comments">
<paragraph id="95A399E3E18B0F59B915985A05FC0DDB" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="07B1A13EEA48986B281D3C5B3B27A69D" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
The specimens here referred to as
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia odo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="odo">Phanuromyia odo</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1007D75E87D11AD8D45F82BC77CF1AF0" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia odo" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="odo">Phanuromyia odo</taxonomicName>
were originally split into two provisional species. This was based upon differences in the relative length of the wings, specifically, whether the wings reached beyond the apex of the metasoma. Figure 67 illustrates the relationship between body size and wing length: larger specimens indeed have relatively shorter wings. However, there is no distinctive gap in the ratio between the two. Therefore, we treat them here as a single species.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
<caption id="EEC5C14BF76DE7F49D50516A7D5208D1" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
<paragraph id="28C81A2F56A53DCC0C8C66921638A814" pageId="19" pageNumber="90">
Figure 67. The specimens identified as
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia odo" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="odo">Phanuromyia odo</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="733BEAB1974A436F765D91BE862513C3" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia odo" pageId="19" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="odo">Phanuromyia odo</taxonomicName>
were originally split into two separate species, here labeled
<normalizedToken originalValue="“small”">&quot;small&quot;</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="0C753AF09E1CCFB8EFF09D182A7098D1" originalValue="“small”">&quot;small&quot;</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="“large.”">&quot;large.&quot;</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F4174B544397824A4A1C68B43217003B" originalValue="“large.”">&quot;large.&quot;</normalizedToken>
The trend line is calculated based on data for all specimens combined. The continuity in both variables and the overlap in specimens divided a priori into small and large categories led to the conclusion that there is insufficient evidence to separate these specimens into two species.
</paragraph>
</caption>

120
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<emphasis id="08018F0DF467856A88EDC78FE4CAA7DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Figures 62-67.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B055659EC7702C76DF013CB75FD2CDC7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">62</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="52FA2F1CD780F9BA8248D13BC3251E72" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Antistrophus pisum</emphasis>
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, lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000247286)
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, lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000248165)
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<emphasis id="6832004C81A226810A80A62C4B1237DE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Antistrophus silphii</emphasis>
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, lateral view (CYNANT0048)
@ -119,13 +119,13 @@ sp., lateral view (PSUC_FEM 000247286)
<paragraph id="853EA507D76747ED84C55537C2C2347A" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Note.</paragraph>
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The tribe
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is represented by approximately 90 species in ten genera worldwide (
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), three of which are known from North America (
<bibRefCitation id="54518AB03637D635235B6A80D2025874" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" author="Nastasi, LF" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" refId="B15" refString="Nastasi, LF, Deans, AR, 2021. Catalogue of rose gall, herb gall, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada and Mexico. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e68558. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" title="Catalogue of rose gall, herb gall, and inquiline gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada and Mexico. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e 68558." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e68558" year="2021">Nastasi and Deans 2021</bibRefCitation>
):
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Walsh, 1869,
@ -163,13 +163,13 @@ Azmaz and
;
<bibRefCitation id="73D81CCCDF7C736E7D5D347C6B4018E6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5155.3.5" author="Nieves-Aldrey, JL" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" pagination="393 - 413" refId="B16" refString="Nieves-Aldrey, JL, 2022. Description of Fumariphilus Nieves-Aldrey, gen. nov., a new genus of herb gall wasps, with a key to genera of the tribe Aulacideini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Zootaxa 5155 (3): 393 - 413, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5155.3.5" title="Description of Fumariphilus Nieves-Aldrey, gen. nov., a new genus of herb gall wasps, with a key to genera of the tribe Aulacideini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5155.3.5" volume="5155" year="2022">Nieves-Aldrey 2022</bibRefCitation>
), but the described North American taxa are restricted to host plants in the
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(tribes
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,
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, and Heliantheae) and
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Parapholidoptera salmani
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, 2000
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<paragraph id="37DAD0D490174521A087306073FF1001" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution.</paragraph>
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Endemic for Central Anatolia and the Black Sea area of Turkey (Figure 7a) (
<bibRefCitation author="Ciplak, B" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="411 - 436" title="The systematics and phylogeny of Parapholidoptera (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae)." url="10.1111/j.1365-3113.2000.00112.x" volume="25" year="2000">
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Figure 7. Distribution map (A) and male calling song of
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(B sequences of phrases C a group of phrases and D one complete phrase).
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Song recording.</paragraph>
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Male specimens collected from Turkey, Tokat,
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, 1960 m., 02.VIII.2011 (by M.S. Taylan) and calling song recorded from three males at 30 °C in the field which is type locality of species (by M.S. Taylan).
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description of song.</paragraph>
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Six records from three males were examined. The calling song consists of a series of regular phrases (Figure 7b) with an interval of 522-845 ms (612
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0.09). Phrase durations vary between 220-304 ms (265
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0.63) syllables. Syllables consist of several high amplitudes elements (Figure 5d). These elements number is always uncountable in first syllable, 9-13 in second syllable and 17-24 (generally 20-22) in following syllables. The phrase begins with 2-3 low amplitude syllables and the maximum
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5.78) with an interval of 0-3 ms (2.21
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<treatment id="A9F0C4F467C9FF07EC6B567D3F70EAE4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050468" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A9F0C4F467C9FF07EC6B567D3F70EAE4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A9F0C4F467C9FF07EC6B567D3F70EAE4" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" scope_family="Tettigoniidae" scope_order="Orthoptera" scope_subFamily="Tettigoniinae" scope_subOrder="Ensifera">
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Pezodrymadusa lata
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, 1961
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="F630937A6EC85134EBF429B66B427BCE" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5C8B63BF2AB5C45D2568F056559FB212" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="12CEFA892ED32F385B32EE254DD48A26" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Endemic for Turkey - East Anatolia (Figure 10a) (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="9ED88CE1B3D1722D7A81298513F74897" originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
1961
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).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<caption id="4402945FBD564FD321F2E05BCCDE3502" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<paragraph id="9F57E85CFA2AB21D0DD1CB81079ECB57" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Figure 10. Distribution map (A) and male calling song of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pezodrymadusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pezodrymadusa lata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lata">Pezodrymadusa lata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DF3F7BC94D9D42EF1BAD316E08CB44AA" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pezodrymadusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pezodrymadusa lata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lata">Pezodrymadusa lata</taxonomicName>
(B sequences of phrases groups C three complete phrase and D a group of syllable couples).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="song recording">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Song recording.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="0354163807681505558E9789B137069C" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="song recording">
<paragraph id="44B30F66A8840D7156309DA9AE52C524" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Song recording.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D6A1C2006C1A43EC726114E5622641E" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Male specimens collected from Turkey, Malatya,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Doğanşehir">Dogansehir</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BB877F0A428DA733E9C70A2805EB7B08" originalValue="Doğanşehir">Dogansehir</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çığlık">Ciglik</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="5C44F0551F0709D86EE877600383C5C2" originalValue="Çığlık">Ciglik</normalizedToken>
, 1791 m, 4.VII.2012 (by D.
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<normalizedToken id="45AA9532A0DE5B94F3676001D9BEAFA6" originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
&amp; A. Mol), and calling song recorded from one male at 30 °C in the field (by A. Mol).
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description of song">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description of song.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="5A926704D2605A2EEC2D7321AFAB9C70" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description of song">
<paragraph id="5E1D920CE28F5085F0BB2BD4ACD471C0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Description of song.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75607DF9EDEAAFEBECBCED50DAB3C5C3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
A total ofsix records from one male were examined. The calling song consists of a series of regular phrases (Figure 10b) with an interval of 262-604 ms (332
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2B15F72CB48031993907E6C14B4552F5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.11). Phrases are consisting of 11-15 (12.84
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="081A914F22A47BCEAC05D0EA4547DEAE" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.83) syllables and the number of syllables in 100 ms is approximately two. The phrases begin with a quiet (low amplitude) syllable (Figure 10c). Oscillographic analyses showed that each phrase involves a few couples of syllables (Figure 10d). Syllable couple duration varies between 46-54 ms (50.85
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="0B23B0874729AE3306F3546EE7775042" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
4.79) with an interval of 3-5 ms (4.74
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4DFC85A498867D37461F7F46BDA26D19" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.77). First syllable in these couples lasts 17-23 ms (21.23
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="9C1F5DBE48AD01B22D20610CD3D8ABCA" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.88) and contains a louder beginning part (15-18 ms (16.73
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="25FB0F87A2FD61DD595B099727934255" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.03)) and a quieter part [3-6 ms (5.02
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A1401DABA7297F506193DC96F5E6D95E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.97)]. First syllable in these couples is followed by a second syllable (except first syllable) after an interval of 1-3 ms (1.42
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="56270E27611F29F9826DBA2566A16465" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.11). Duration of the second syllable varies between 28-33 ms (30.15
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="99C176A37DF7581858007C6B147F9F02" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.13).
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136
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Psorodonotus rugulosus
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B29A2A85BCF3E2B55AB9A406790BE2BC" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</paragraph>
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Endemic for Turkey - North East Anatolia, East Anatolia (Figure 14a) (
<bibRefCitation author="Karabag, T" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B)" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="27 - 34" title="Six new Decticinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Turkey." volume="21" year="1952">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken id="096F5CCAF69C0E246F3A15C2C7864188" originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
1952
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,
<bibRefCitation author="Karabag, T" journalOrPublisher="Sirketi Murettebiye Basimevi, Istanbul" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" title="Tuerkiye'nin Orthoptera faunasi." year="1958">1958</bibRefCitation>
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,
<bibRefCitation author="Uenal, M" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society (( 1890 - ))" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="157 - 203" title="Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from Turkey and the Middle East." volume="132" year="2006">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ünal">Uenal</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="FE4C716E369FA2FA588A525A03E5B2EF" author="Uenal, M" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society (( 1890 - ))" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="157 - 203" title="Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) from Turkey and the Middle East." volume="132" year="2006">
<normalizedToken id="FB1D9BBDD0C35C10F68015E6AB0E05CA" originalValue="Ünal">Uenal</normalizedToken>
2006
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).
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<caption id="06BFC8966B656F8488E6F083156C0F27" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="E29915DEC00F85EA761128768D1B07A6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Figure 14. Distribution map (A) and male calling song of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Psorodonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psorodonotus rugulosus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugulosus">Psorodonotus rugulosus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C6BDA3949B34AD08854FE7FF5E711F27" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Psorodonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Psorodonotus rugulosus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugulosus">Psorodonotus rugulosus</taxonomicName>
(B sequences of syllables C three complete syllables and D a complete syllable).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="song recording">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Song recording.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection id="F64569AA903A62401B2B5B62194175AA" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="song recording">
<paragraph id="0633B42B0BBE842566E1830E9F71CD11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Song recording.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ADD5877F23EA443E1D01EDB2092E234C" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Male specimens collected from Turkey, Erzincan,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kelkit-Pöske">Kelkit-Poeske</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="6019B841738B2A894527833953C57236" originalValue="Kelkit-Pöske">Kelkit-Poeske</normalizedToken>
yolu, Ahmetli
<normalizedToken originalValue="çıkışı">cikisi</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F2159EEE790C8DAD8D586B1F30ADE49D" originalValue="çıkışı">cikisi</normalizedToken>
, 2016 m, 30.VI.2013,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.889866">39°53.392'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="2A74C59C97EDCABA205E7A8EDE8181DE" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="39.889866">39°53.392'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="39.3598">39°21.588'E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="60AA776A47745C592D2FBD73D6B3DCBA" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="39.3598">39°21.588'E</geoCoordinate>
, (by D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="7E89DDCA61AD86217B1433DA47E0FB07" originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
, A. Mol &amp; M.S. Taylan) and calling song recorded from two males at 28 °C in the field (by D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="30ED4880279ABE114F30210DAC5BAB90" originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description of song">
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description of song.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection id="F01F2665186B480807681070FDC64C44" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description of song">
<paragraph id="0E3980925F583473C7C8B8387C80A4BE" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description of song.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1499CA1A847A3598DA6C44BAA41BA2E8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Totally six records from two males were examined. The calling song includes isolated syllables (Figure 14b, c) separated by intervals of 456-1915 ms (833
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="14A1017A27F89EE414FBEEA0745FCD1D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.25). Syllable duration varies between 62 and 90 ms (78.83
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="3AB484E2F7AE1D6431BC985B46A9D1B7" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
4.68). Oscillographic analyses showed that each syllable includes generally two elements (quieter and louder) (Figure 14d). First element of a syllable (rarely absent) is a quieter part and its duration varies between 5 and 6 ms (5.77
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B898EAAA7CBEF50E865033925F744164" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.19). The first element of syllable is followed by a louder part with an interval of 4-6 ms (5.27
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="CC6C708207F8502B1E746D7ED06BF2E1" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.62). The louder part (second element) of syllable consists of 24-32 (27.63
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="16B5D3F13095070C7E6341F8DED81029" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3.13) pulses and its duration lasts from 48 to 56 ms (51.21
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="DA653228C260EB8145C59782E6C42ABC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.14). Sometimes the louder part is followed by another quieter part with an interval of 13-19 ms (16.03
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C2136C694D106D87C7F6B5D5377B64EC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.24) and duration of 4-8 ms (5.20
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="5422448928C494D14C1F31E0717DF779" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.72) (Figure 14c).
</paragraph>
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108
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<taxonomicName id="E3D9A5B603ECC1CF23C7D03FABEC9EC2" LSID="B51D64F3-96AF-51E3-BB0E-CA7DD06E166E" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ceroptresini">Ceroptresini</taxonomicName>
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@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ Pronotum tall and broad dorsomedially. Pronotal submedial pits distinct and well
<paragraph id="F60BBA7E51D67B49BF2C0D972DFE74B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">
<emphasis id="BB7EEC6BBA847524913D6AEA14DEDB5E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Figures 68, 69.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="3DFC54A0E386FB7D74919FF0FA57E9A0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">68</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="ED44A34AFD3F3AFF9FDE210BA45F4F54" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Buffingtonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Buffingtonella polita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polita">
<emphasis id="0657BE1E1EC0630EF79C57669D9EBA30" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Buffingtonella polita</emphasis>
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, lateral view (USNMENT00892509)
@ -104,13 +104,13 @@ sp., lateral view (USNMENT00917016).
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<paragraph id="374F0B98486C0CD4DB0AC377311AC056" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Note.</paragraph>
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includes 19 North American species: 18 species of
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Hartig and
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<taxonomicName id="4CDF9C6A5BC85EB4878DDE136042D461" authorityName="Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Buffingtonella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Buffingtonella polita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="177" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polita">
<emphasis id="3312BEAE6DB2A62E4CB60AF2C5778790" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="177">Buffingtonella polita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ashmead, 1896) (

164
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10.
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Tseng, 1980: 152.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
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sp. (
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); Taiwan
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Tseng" authorityYear="1980" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus changi" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="changi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus changi</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="1FAF94FA55432384D54E1B8FA2416C24" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="4DD83927D283A2B7BE1643B30618738B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus changi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tseng was poorly described from females only, and details of the male were absent in both the original (
<bibRefCitation author="Tseng, YH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomology (National Chung Hsien University)" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="145 - 168" refId="B138" refString="Tseng, YH, 1980. Mites associated with the conifers of Taiwan, (1) Tetranychoidea, with a checklist of the world. Journal of Entomology (National Chung Hsien University) 15: 145 - 168" title="Mites associated with the conifers of Taiwan, (1) Tetranychoidea, with a checklist of the world." volume="15" year="1980">Tseng 1980</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="56D9F53911476C6F2E337437E0EB0AC3" author="Tseng, YH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomology (National Chung Hsien University)" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="145 - 168" refId="B138" refString="Tseng, YH, 1980. Mites associated with the conifers of Taiwan, (1) Tetranychoidea, with a checklist of the world. Journal of Entomology (National Chung Hsien University) 15: 145 - 168" title="Mites associated with the conifers of Taiwan, (1) Tetranychoidea, with a checklist of the world." volume="15" year="1980">Tseng 1980</bibRefCitation>
) and subsequent descriptions (
<bibRefCitation author="Tseng, YH" journalOrPublisher="Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 226" refId="B139" refString="Tseng, YH, 1990. A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan. Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series 9: 1 - 226" title="A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan." volume="9" year="1990">Tseng 1990</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="9ABB8FFF02ACFFF53F65C4D4CA7627C5" author="Tseng, YH" journalOrPublisher="Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 226" refId="B139" refString="Tseng, YH, 1990. A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan. Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series 9: 1 - 226" title="A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan." volume="9" year="1990">Tseng 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Lo, PKC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Taiwan Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="59 - 76" refId="B80" refString="Lo, PKC, Ho, CC, 1989. The spider mite family Tetranychidae in Taiwan I. The genus Oligonychus. Journal of Taiwan Museum 42: 59 - 76" title="The spider mite family Tetranychidae in Taiwan I. The genus Oligonychus." volume="42" year="1989">Lo and Ho 1989</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="3E534EC18F069728C80AFDF3341D3F45" author="Lo, PKC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Taiwan Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="59 - 76" refId="B80" refString="Lo, PKC, Ho, CC, 1989. The spider mite family Tetranychidae in Taiwan I. The genus Oligonychus. Journal of Taiwan Museum 42: 59 - 76" title="The spider mite family Tetranychidae in Taiwan I. The genus Oligonychus." volume="42" year="1989">Lo and Ho 1989</bibRefCitation>
). The author did not specifically compare it with any other closely related species. However,
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. changi" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="changi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. changi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9243FE247D2A475EECC2E729F896A76E" lsidName="O. changi" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="changi">
<emphasis id="8CE77E94E3A39A3358B0CF2AEC99C91F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. changi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females were distinguished from the females of both
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. subtropicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="subtropicus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. subtropicus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="AD2986EE4E5ED1ABF78AB49C47B1505E" lsidName="O. subtropicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="subtropicus">
<emphasis id="87DEC827C69282C9A1BA95EC77A46151" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. subtropicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(another questionable species reported in same paper; described from Taiwan on
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juniperus chinensis" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Juniperus chinensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7B8B43D5573C8004695BA1616F1105E2" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juniperus chinensis" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="22C8E8625D7B0D6B48D6713E4907B5B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Juniperus chinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A0F1C0DD5B7C5B6780E3E51DAFE25151" authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. perditus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="perditus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. perditus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4D71CF4DA976DE17AD2BDDD2909682B5" lsidName="O. perditus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="perditus">
<emphasis id="7518ADE38B0971794EC629B26E27CD6D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. perditus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(described from Japan on
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juniperus communis" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Juniperus communis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="E0D39B6CD900A0E52A3CCC35B7F4F1E5" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juniperus communis" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis id="B3F9C6A948AFEAC7EA229E896CAB8727" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Juniperus communis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in a diagnostic key, using the pattern of dorsal hysterosomal striae (
<bibRefCitation author="Tseng, YH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomology (National Chung Hsien University)" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="145 - 168" refId="B138" refString="Tseng, YH, 1980. Mites associated with the conifers of Taiwan, (1) Tetranychoidea, with a checklist of the world. Journal of Entomology (National Chung Hsien University) 15: 145 - 168" title="Mites associated with the conifers of Taiwan, (1) Tetranychoidea, with a checklist of the world." volume="15" year="1980">Tseng 1980</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="D8870209C7B3E925ACD3E807FDDC99AD" author="Tseng, YH" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Entomology (National Chung Hsien University)" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="145 - 168" refId="B138" refString="Tseng, YH, 1980. Mites associated with the conifers of Taiwan, (1) Tetranychoidea, with a checklist of the world. Journal of Entomology (National Chung Hsien University) 15: 145 - 168" title="Mites associated with the conifers of Taiwan, (1) Tetranychoidea, with a checklist of the world." volume="15" year="1980">Tseng 1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Tseng, YH" journalOrPublisher="Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 226" refId="B139" refString="Tseng, YH, 1990. A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan. Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series 9: 1 - 226" title="A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan." volume="9" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="5214592B16DBABCBC0292AE664CA7FF1" author="Tseng, YH" journalOrPublisher="Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 226" refId="B139" refString="Tseng, YH, 1990. A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan. Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series 9: 1 - 226" title="A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan." volume="9" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
). The species identity of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. changi" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="changi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. changi</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FC247DF988E26365BC1171FC02509F1" lsidName="O. changi" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="changi">
<emphasis id="60200F6678E1BF0E1176FD15B2F00731" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. changi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will be clear after collecting and describing the male from the type host and locality.
</paragraph>

139
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@ -1,109 +1,108 @@
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903446" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:777F2663-8058-4618-8062-B2E0C0E30161" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB7ABA702396D9582B323A2EDB467B73" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/777F2663-8058-4618-8062-B2E0C0E30161" authority="Nesheim &amp; Masner" class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia corys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corys">Phanuromyia corys Nesheim &amp; Masner</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="74">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="4456398169A412A3503FD5D0D7D3A79F" pageId="3" pageNumber="74">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 13-18
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="75" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="356C91563804698FCE7EF6D000FF452A" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph id="8E04848348696B02F579D691AB19D575" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
<pageBreakToken id="DC7AF12151C86BF20B237A4C834F7E6C" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Female body length: 2.80-3.05 mm (n=3).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with multiple transverse rugae. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with two rows of setiferous punctures converging ventrally.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
<paragraph id="48DF1BD177C80045272974E96A42DE0D" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Female body length: 2.80-3.05 mm (n=3).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E07FCC538DF05D6C632F6903D7D3E0A" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with multiple transverse rugae. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with two rows of setiferous punctures converging ventrally.</paragraph>
<caption id="3B4320086B5DB2F5F64B13F4284D3773" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
<paragraph id="FFBA7216CA569177AD71BE671CFBCF5E" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
Figures 13-18.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia corys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corys">Phanuromyia corys</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="806691AAD3718F3D1B4025B057745599" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia corys" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="corys">Phanuromyia corys</taxonomicName>
♀ (OSUC149359), 13 Lateral habitus 14 Dorsal habitus 15 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 16 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 17 Head, mouthparts, anteroventral view 18 Frons, anteroventral view. Scale bar in millimeters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: entirely costate. Posterior margin of T2: straight; only slightly concave. Number of visible terga past T2: 4 or 5. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A0A7748DA99A25EDB88E2B3AF353FDD1" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21B7593D06B29040C9E7BFD1A8B0890" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8A83E456BE3A11F9AB8FB44AEE2DE7E" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: entirely costate. Posterior margin of T2: straight; only slightly concave. Number of visible terga past T2: 4 or 5. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia corys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corys">Phanuromyia corys</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="3BF6C6356AF912FA6D8D870E291B32FD" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B1643B773CCC29AC912EAE1F38EDC763" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B250297599B3758A1DD63F336CC9DC8" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName id="CB04DCCD25907C60EF02DF7AC806BEDF" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia corys" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="corys">Phanuromyia corys</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the two rows of setiferous punctures converging ventrally on the frons.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
<subSubSection id="AEE0EE7E3541A27D9056443BC3E06EE6" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="1140AB8516E0822BAB77C36F63DDBE52" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29DFAE4C04AC028D367241F2492413CB" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
The name
<taxonomicName genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha corys" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="corys">corys</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1BD933A7AD97EB645770B99EA12270CA" genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha corys" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="corys">corys</taxonomicName>
is derived from a Greek word for helmet because this species has a large head evoking the image of a knight wearing a helmet. This name is to be used as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=389325]</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="2C551010ADC00BF0CAF9E09F5E43C042" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7D64D3C148C73F1A2612BEC94ACBB893" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5B951AC43C145FD150E161C5E284FD09" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=389325]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Holotype, female: BRAZIL: RJ, Silva Jardim, VIII-1974, F. M. Oliveira, OSUC550201 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: BRAZIL: 3 females, OSUC149358-149360 (CNCI).</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="E4687D5E9F365E5809877A947E8A8EDB" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="EE062FE3270377B6F3B3C222FD0992FB" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D453FD5DB408A4A40C6B46F26F7A021A" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Holotype, female: BRAZIL: RJ, Silva Jardim, VIII-1974, F. M. Oliveira, OSUC550201 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: BRAZIL: 3 females, OSUC149358-149360 (CNCI).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
<subSubSection id="F7AB868488CCCCEEDFF4C397093CA9BA" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="comments">
<paragraph id="9E3F5DEBE906E86752E7B6E22F9BC738" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2918DA8122A976580F6436E6CC2FC5E0" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
This species is recognizable by its large size, only the largest specimens of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. odo" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="odo">P. odo</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="CDBEB94541E2F475E766B7AE42A8E908" lsidName="P. odo" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="odo">P. odo</taxonomicName>
reach over 2.7 mm in length.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia corys" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corys">Phanuromyia corys</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C199B3BF781D99C4239483F3BA27BFB4" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia corys" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="corys">Phanuromyia corys</taxonomicName>
may be distinguished from
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. odo" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="odo">P. odo</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="89DCEFF48162272E558A187877E8BF9D" lsidName="P. odo" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" rank="species" species="odo">P. odo</taxonomicName>
by the converging lines of setiferous punctures on the frons and the straight, transverse apical margin of T2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

154
data/BD/37/1A/BD371A8447B5587E9AEB63ACFDFB31AF.xml
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@ -1,121 +1,121 @@
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2.
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<taxonomicName id="9F1223E7BA5D11C42E51B131112B19FD" authorityName="Oudemans" authorityYear="1931" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Paratetranychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetranychus primulae" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primulae">Paratetranychus primulae</taxonomicName>
Oudemans, 1931: 291.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Primula obconica</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="AC55AFF928B6FCB6021673BFACECAE75" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Primula obconica</emphasis>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="E3153F807FB046CE5C6D975E1AE1165E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Primulaceae</taxonomicName>
); Netherlands.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus primulae</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="323A1F75DE1707054A528F02831901D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A3BECE50E66564A6233E29CCEADC803" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="B544AF669AC1E455BEE482548C7E8B75" baseAuthorityName="Oudemans" baseAuthorityYear="1931" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus primulae" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="primulae">
<emphasis id="7A15555DB9963A7B6590EFF55774381E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus primulae</emphasis>
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(Oudemans) was very poorly described using only the female, without illustrations, and the male was unknown in both the original (
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<bibRefCitation id="F75259F5FF819A4A3FCCA3DD0ADD78BB" author="Oudemans, A. C." journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="289 - 293" refId="B120" refString="Oudemans, A.C., 1931. Acarologische Aanteekeningen CX. Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam 8: 289 - 293" title="Acarologische Aanteekeningen CX." volume="8" year="1931">Oudemans 1931</bibRefCitation>
) and subsequent descriptions (Geijsks 1939;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" author="Pritchard, AE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B124" refString="Pritchard, AE, Baker, EW, 1955. A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" title="A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" year="1955">Pritchard and Baker 1955</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="6AB10A960E9D929BE0E3A4D0E5E85DAF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" author="Pritchard, AE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B124" refString="Pritchard, AE, Baker, EW, 1955. A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" title="A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" year="1955">Pritchard and Baker 1955</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore,
<bibRefCitation author="Oudemans, A. C." journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="289 - 293" refId="B120" refString="Oudemans, A.C., 1931. Acarologische Aanteekeningen CX. Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam 8: 289 - 293" title="Acarologische Aanteekeningen CX." volume="8" year="1931">Oudemans (1931)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="250850E3183DB23342FFF065F4E19720" author="Oudemans, A. C." journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="289 - 293" refId="B120" refString="Oudemans, A.C., 1931. Acarologische Aanteekeningen CX. Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam 8: 289 - 293" title="Acarologische Aanteekeningen CX." volume="8" year="1931">Oudemans (1931)</bibRefCitation>
did not compare it specifically with any closely related species, except mentioning the resemblance of its empodium with
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. ununguis</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B6FEA59792E69B4FBD52693C562A27F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. ununguis</emphasis>
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(Jacobi, 1905) (described from Germany on
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Picea abies</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0A9E904B3394D1528347FD524FE123AA" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea abies" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abies">
<emphasis id="D8920A67D60F3724DC86678D445697ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Picea abies</emphasis>
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,
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).
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" author="Pritchard, AE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B124" refString="Pritchard, AE, Baker, EW, 1955. A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" title="A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" year="1955">Pritchard and Baker (1955)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="A143DFAF87302FB2E627644E1178D4D0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" author="Pritchard, AE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B124" refString="Pritchard, AE, Baker, EW, 1955. A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" title="A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" year="1955">Pritchard and Baker (1955)</bibRefCitation>
confirmed it to be an
<taxonomicName authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="40DCEED93CA59B908A3B810AEB8DDD0E" authorityName="Berlese" authorityYear="1886" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="ECBF37A44C9BEB56E768F1E79E48DC1D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
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, but highlighted its taxonomic position as doubtful due to the absence of the male. The identity of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. primulae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="primulae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. primulae</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="693A51D8A7574AA51438798CE8A52229" lsidName="O. primulae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="primulae">
<emphasis id="FBAAB14FA89E2D128F2A1F28DCD2F3F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. primulae</emphasis>
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is uncertain until the male and female are comprehensively described from the type host and locality.
</paragraph>

158
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9.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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<subSubSection id="36F7F882D9F4AD1F1B22098607047002" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="CE6A63291DB2AB32F253647142118CB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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Tuttle, Baker &amp; Abbatiello, 1976: 86.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Dalea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dalea" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Dalea</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="8408E9707EF7520FB0BF7A87180DCA20" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="D9D8E9AE11295CF43E073F99B3C4E1FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E554F7718887346EFCC7FD267F261007" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="7D27964B72F8978D059F79176FEFA37B" class="Arachnida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Dalea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dalea" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="99533D522E8E9277459E9EAB4A9B92E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Dalea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leguminosae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="7BE1E53378B6B6D4209B97B004D1B734" class="Arachnida" family="Leguminosae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Leguminosae</taxonomicName>
); Mexico.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tuttle, Baker &amp; Abbatiello" authorityYear="1976" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus daleae" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus daleae</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="B255A1A0535E796EB0721CB9636B6944" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="0EB4948C4125D1FC2276476FF6565FBC" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B72F92C655FE6DD3361B4A68256ADF2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="65950F08CC32F25D8B298A9EF08DCC3D" authorityName="Tuttle, Baker &amp; Abbatiello" authorityYear="1976" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus daleae" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daleae">
<emphasis id="9E79928A1A1CB124C56C2DBCA5C3C010" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus daleae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tuttle, Baker &amp; Abbatiello was described from females only, and details of the male were unknown (
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<bibRefCitation id="E2FE7DC23F80E90C24D4B965AB0675DC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760" author="Tuttle, DM" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Acarology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 102" refId="B142" refString="Tuttle, DM, Baker, EW, Abbatiello, M, 1976. Spider mites of Mexico (Acarina: Tetranychidae). International Journal of Acarology 2: 1 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760" title="Spider mites of Mexico (Acarina: Tetranychidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760" volume="2" year="1976">Tuttle et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
). The authors did not specifically compare it with any other closely related species. However,
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. daleae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="daleae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. daleae</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="05A7DA8B7F28FF1045C653E8674C4D37" lsidName="O. daleae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="daleae">
<emphasis id="F2B60CB781820BEACD9F741C177AD503" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. daleae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females were differentiated from the females of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. propetes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="propetes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. propetes</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1EE69A9A3F26471F891321651F4F7D2C" lsidName="O. propetes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="propetes">
<emphasis id="30A40F672E027582F205C7330135B0AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. propetes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(described from USA on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus alba" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Quercus alba</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1319AD4DB13FB82AA42653FB09FF601F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus alba" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alba">
<emphasis id="E3B52B40BAAE206EBA576C1DAF5BD267" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Quercus alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. quercus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="quercus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. quercus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="37BB99FF820BDE2F8556B5EEC9CFFFFF" lsidName="O. quercus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="quercus">
<emphasis id="C10429C6CF6960C8D6CD8FD3B4EDEA03" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(described from Mexico on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Quercus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4E15099426FBC33B96AD08B9392D622F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="82B9DCBF5CA61377AD4DFB9A780B2F9C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.) in a diagnostic key, using the striae pattern and comparative length of setae on the dorsal hysterosoma (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760" author="Tuttle, DM" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Acarology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 102" refId="B142" refString="Tuttle, DM, Baker, EW, Abbatiello, M, 1976. Spider mites of Mexico (Acarina: Tetranychidae). International Journal of Acarology 2: 1 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760" title="Spider mites of Mexico (Acarina: Tetranychidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760" volume="2" year="1976">Tuttle et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="F57F3D1458F20DAE4D002F4AB07A603B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760" author="Tuttle, DM" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Acarology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 102" refId="B142" refString="Tuttle, DM, Baker, EW, Abbatiello, M, 1976. Spider mites of Mexico (Acarina: Tetranychidae). International Journal of Acarology 2: 1 - 102, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760" title="Spider mites of Mexico (Acarina: Tetranychidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760" volume="2" year="1976">Tuttle et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
). These three species share similar geographical distributions (
<bibRefCitation author="Migeon, A" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" publicationUrl="http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" refId="B111" refString="Migeon, A, Dorkeld, F, 2021. Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae. http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" title="Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae." url="http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" year="2021">Migeon and Dorkeld 2021</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="8D662E219E004929C1DFF9897CBA842E" author="Migeon, A" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" publicationUrl="http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" refId="B111" refString="Migeon, A, Dorkeld, F, 2021. Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae. http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" title="Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae." url="http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" year="2021">Migeon and Dorkeld 2021</bibRefCitation>
). The species identity of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. daleae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="daleae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. daleae</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="69D109CF93EBA1A60C436050F7546DF3" lsidName="O. daleae" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="daleae">
<emphasis id="C0D3299DD3413FAB029A30D78B83615F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. daleae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will be clear after collecting and describing the male from the type host and locality.
</paragraph>

149
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<taxonomicName id="D4DBABC157FA231881376B6CF13A69E5" LSID="http://zoobank.org/9EE257B5-1447-4290-BB70-9C6026337A3D" authority="Nesheim &amp; Masner" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia galerita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galerita">
<pageBreakToken id="5D524B4DFECA54CFFF2B6807C32FCCC7" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" start="start">Phanuromyia</pageBreakToken>
galerita Nesheim &amp; Masner
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="12" pageNumber="83">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="AF3689212439857E235F73A52219D973" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 43-48
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="83" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Female body length: 2.31-2.55 mm (n=5).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with irregular rugosity. Shape of mandible: broad. Median tooth of mandible: as large as adjacent teeth. Frons below median ocellus: without setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="83">
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="83">
<subSubSection id="38D91042867587CAB360D71EF6702DA1" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" type="description">
<paragraph id="C2654BA72BC05DA72755F5682670BF06" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DAEB4C1A46D281E8BE7380BD6AD19E8A" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Female body length: 2.31-2.55 mm (n=5).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C45CB5CBABF44004617FA8D6E5C6F044" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with irregular rugosity. Shape of mandible: broad. Median tooth of mandible: as large as adjacent teeth. Frons below median ocellus: without setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption id="06F2082CBE7396E9DA61AF4285C920EE" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">
<paragraph id="E12ECD0DE0F9B35658DD8786E3BF9F5A" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">
Figures 43-48.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia galerita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galerita">Phanuromyia galerita</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="058907FCE9C8EAAED56EFBFD3D8922F0" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia galerita" pageId="12" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="galerita">Phanuromyia galerita</taxonomicName>
♀ (OSUC550202), 43 Lateral habitus 44 Dorsal habitus 45 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 46 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 47 Head, mouthparts, anteroventral view 48 Mouthparts, ventral view. Scale bar in millimeters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: with strong, parallel longitudinal keels. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Color of coxae: dark brown to black, contrasting with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="83">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: entirely costate. Posterior margin of T2: straight; slightly convex. Number of visible terga past T2: 5. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="243EB11FE81A9027C33250D9D3CCF00B" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: with strong, parallel longitudinal keels. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7706E7B9025A92B34B38B06DB65CCDC2" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">Color of coxae: dark brown to black, contrasting with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A2B7E312EA705AB98E6A9D37376BA663" pageId="12" pageNumber="83">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: entirely costate. Posterior margin of T2: straight; slightly convex. Number of visible terga past T2: 5. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="84">
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="84" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="3A5A80F90CE0903D4B818A197429F3D7" pageId="13" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8685E00EB853E2501DDD7C6F778B466E" pageId="13" pageNumber="84">
<pageBreakToken id="94215543D4F2CA0235885B0EBBF93779" pageId="13" pageNumber="84" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia galerita" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="galerita">Phanuromyia galerita</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="C9DC02A168A53EE846554310B25F79EA" pageId="13" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="F539E851E934C617BF23DB5E6FA191F7" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia galerita" pageId="13" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="galerita">Phanuromyia galerita</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the median tooth of the mandible, which is as large as the adjacent teeth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="84" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="84">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="84">
<subSubSection id="933679EDC5F76C6AF47659EE0E9F21D0" pageId="13" pageNumber="84" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="AE4AE409EA25CBE0E914D7537892AC0F" pageId="13" pageNumber="84">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="67689BE45B7D1CFE8BE77E1CA1C79879" pageId="13" pageNumber="84">
The name
<taxonomicName genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha galerita" pageId="13" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="galerita">galerita</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D16FC8F973D3EBEC5C8C533F55705A2B" genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha galerita" pageId="13" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="galerita">galerita</taxonomicName>
is derived from the Latin word for wearing a hood because this species has a large head evoking the image of a hooded figure. This name is to be used as a noun in apposition. This name is to be used as a participle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="84">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="84">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=389328]</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="CF4493E20CF0EFDD6F5B5E3D9B122989" pageId="13" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8F94848C14343A2850AE4897F2B97067" pageId="13" pageNumber="84">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B922C93B5FA346A14B58DDEBB8849786" pageId="13" pageNumber="84">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=389328]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="84">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="84">
<subSubSection id="A57F2AA20E7BFDD7E8823AA771F180B4" pageId="13" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="11E528B1F0FAAA286A89DB3B486969E7" pageId="13" pageNumber="84">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA9724166A13B2737917229A24CB9313" pageId="13" pageNumber="84">
Holotype, female: ECUADOR:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sucumbíos">Sucumbios</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="0F437804E63F53991DEDD9F2FC7B1203" originalValue="Sucumbíos">Sucumbios</normalizedToken>
Prov., 270m,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.5">00°30'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C0DDCFB53CD1A89F5BD7C59A2F7F086B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.5">00°30'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.5">76°30'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE576C49D1022C2569CB29279DCC3FC3" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.5">76°30'W</geoCoordinate>
, Sacha Lodge, 13.
<normalizedToken originalValue="VI–">VI-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="41151C162612AEE22BC620523A0E0252" originalValue="VI–">VI-</normalizedToken>
23.VI.1994, Malaise trap, P. Hibbs, OSUC149327 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: (4 females) BRAZIL: 1 female, OSUC149328 (CNCI). ECUADOR: 2 females, OSUC550202-550203 (CNCI). FRENCH GUIANA: 1 female, OSUC550101 (CNCI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="84" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="84">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="84">
<subSubSection id="FA12B4FD57F3F5E3E97F9B6D45129E4D" pageId="13" pageNumber="84" type="comments">
<paragraph id="90310E99AC142AEF3E00768173515B0C" pageId="13" pageNumber="84">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E8910B91E52E41CC308122FB4AFFECEF" pageId="13" pageNumber="84">
This species most closely resembles
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. galeata" pageId="13" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="galeata">P. galeata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="5E1BDACFF0A5159772821F933BFF6016" lsidName="P. galeata" pageId="13" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="galeata">P. galeata</taxonomicName>
, but the two can be easily distinguished from each other by comparing the mandibles:
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. galeata" pageId="13" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="galeata">P. galeata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="5837F63097546803E56A16792717AE9A" lsidName="P. galeata" pageId="13" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="galeata">P. galeata</taxonomicName>
has a slender mandible with a small median tooth, while
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. galerita" pageId="13" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="galerita">P. galerita</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="AAB96454084EEE8C42D747BCFD7B1477" lsidName="P. galerita" pageId="13" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="galerita">P. galerita</taxonomicName>
has much broader mandibles and a median tooth as large as the outer teeth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

160
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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<paragraph id="8632685F5412D615551E1629E34996EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
13.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tseng" authorityYear="1990" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus mactus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mactus">Oligonychus mactus</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="EDEDA1B8D5A56E30F76BF1E771759071" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="C3650BD069538E71B502E1AB19EFB83A" authorityName="Tseng" authorityYear="1990" class="Arachnida" family="Tetranychidae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus mactus" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mactus">Oligonychus mactus</taxonomicName>
Tseng, 1990: 146.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Pinus</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="3CE51367BD66A6C5F35FBBC2163858AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2EE242F4E8FA8DA5352833D681E28BA9" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DCB4A1F34565F0D1A059AD2007CD0599" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="C0576276C7A5E6C3CD8EE1EC74EAD10C" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A41B1522CB9E09593FB2B70068E2367D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="482BAB8276ADBCEECA350FFF837F126B" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
); Taiwan.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tseng" authorityYear="1990" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus mactus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mactus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus mactus</emphasis>
<subSubSection id="C27C93A6887071983FA1178F0017B71E" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="896B2F454FF338A2B6A69C31C3E221C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C1E9A079A7FA09B7BD80959B5F97B5BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName id="1A958F167586C6501520330ED18CEF1D" authorityName="Tseng" authorityYear="1990" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus mactus" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mactus">
<emphasis id="CF2587374EA96DAF54B2C0CE08AB0D2B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus mactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tseng was described from females only, and the male is unknown. Tseng differentiated the female from the females of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. clavatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="clavatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. clavatus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F605E8E512BD914E33AC974EFAD7974D" lsidName="O. clavatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="clavatus">
<emphasis id="E962ECC5DC76CA768DC4754BD5EBE116" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. clavatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Ehara, S" journalOrPublisher="Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="97 - 100" refId="B29" refString="Ehara, S, 1959. Description of new spider mite attacking japanese pines. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 32: 97 - 100" title="Description of new spider mite attacking japanese pines." volume="32" year="1959">Ehara 1959</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="9B88A4C001D85CA497B8DEADD2CFB108" author="Ehara, S" journalOrPublisher="Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="97 - 100" refId="B29" refString="Ehara, S, 1959. Description of new spider mite attacking japanese pines. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses 32: 97 - 100" title="Description of new spider mite attacking japanese pines." volume="32" year="1959">Ehara 1959</bibRefCitation>
) (described from Japan on
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Pinus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="2F484FEBD0B06499919E26CD76E2D108" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="926146DEF75F0309A4250A003ED0D057" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.) and
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. subnudus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="subnudus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. subnudus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6880E3282C930BC21CE876EAB413BAA1" lsidName="O. subnudus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="subnudus">
<emphasis id="9F17325076F751DAAA37DAE2D93A8541" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. subnudus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2421963" author="McGregor, EA" journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="257 - 420" refId="B98" refString="McGregor, EA, 1950. Mites of the family Tetranychidae. American Midland Naturalist 44: 257 - 420, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2421963" title="Mites of the family Tetranychidae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2421963" volume="44" year="1950">McGregor 1950</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="3047AAFE4C07139603B114ECBE9DDF8B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2421963" author="McGregor, EA" journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="257 - 420" refId="B98" refString="McGregor, EA, 1950. Mites of the family Tetranychidae. American Midland Naturalist 44: 257 - 420, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2421963" title="Mites of the family Tetranychidae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2421963" volume="44" year="1950">McGregor 1950</bibRefCitation>
) (from USA on
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Pinus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EB81BA01BF0AE6F11999A3DE73DCC2EB" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4891ABE664B8FC448CFB2037D08628A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.), using the patterns of dorsal hysterosomal striae, the comparative lengths of prodorsal setae and the number of setae on tibia II (
<bibRefCitation author="Tseng, YH" journalOrPublisher="Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 226" refId="B139" refString="Tseng, YH, 1990. A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan. Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series 9: 1 - 226" title="A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan." volume="9" year="1990">Tseng 1990</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="92DAF0199765F7B3A94E2AEE823DB953" author="Tseng, YH" journalOrPublisher="Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 226" refId="B139" refString="Tseng, YH, 1990. A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan. Taiwan Museum Special Publication Series 9: 1 - 226" title="A monograph of the mite family Tetranychidae (Acarina: Tronbidiformes) from Taiwan." volume="9" year="1990">Tseng 1990</bibRefCitation>
). These three species inhabit
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Pinus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="28AC0654E766E5E9A58931DDFB639EE3" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7267FE98BCC0B98283CBBB75DDB865C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., but were described from geographically well separated localities (
<bibRefCitation author="Migeon, A" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" publicationUrl="http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" refId="B111" refString="Migeon, A, Dorkeld, F, 2021. Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae. http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" title="Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae." url="http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" year="2021">Migeon and Dorkeld 2021</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="67F2E522DCC0B5DD07DDA135C47396C0" author="Migeon, A" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" publicationUrl="http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" refId="B111" refString="Migeon, A, Dorkeld, F, 2021. Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae. http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" title="Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae." url="http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb" year="2021">Migeon and Dorkeld 2021</bibRefCitation>
). The male of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. mactus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="mactus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. mactus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0B6654DA08E39588E306301872CF23D2" lsidName="O. mactus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="mactus">
<emphasis id="5B50085830CC41C0749CFD32D7107577" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. mactus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
still needs to be collected and described from the type host and locality.
</paragraph>

200
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Genus
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(77 species worldwide; 3 from Brazil)
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<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="3ED2D0161378821C3A2BEC151301FBFB" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6CADB8FD89AC83831B3DF7F0D8857334" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="EE20EC5DDA2D9F720DCFA1A0FE9A35BA" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
Haliday, in
<bibRefCitation pageId="19" pageNumber="78">Curtis 1837</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="037AC01730CAC2E3618AE53B276AD192" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">Curtis 1837</bibRefCitation>
: 293 (as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Opomyzidae" genus="Opomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opomyza" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opomyza</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9BDFA76118C1DB3302AE0B30C969770F" class="Insecta" family="Heleomyzidae" genus="Opomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opomyza" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Opomyza</taxonomicName>
; published in synonymy; first made available by use in
<bibRefCitation author="Haliday, AH" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="183 - 190" title="New British insects indicated in Mr. Curtis's Guide [part]." url="doi: 10.1080/00222933809512369" volume="2" year="1838">Haliday 1838</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="862835F6949FCC65C45295625C354D90" author="Haliday, AH" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="183 - 190" title="New British insects indicated in Mr. Curtis's Guide [part]." url="doi: 10.1080/00222933809512369" volume="2" year="1838">Haliday 1838</bibRefCitation>
: 188). Type species:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Opomyzidae" genus="Opomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opomyza (Tethina) illota" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illota" subGenus="Tethina">Opomyza (Tethina) illota</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Haliday, AH" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="183 - 190" title="New British insects indicated in Mr. Curtis's Guide [part]." url="doi: 10.1080/00222933809512369" volume="2" year="1838">Haliday 1838</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="E5BF8A564568ABA6F911E1D0C735C319" class="Insecta" family="Opomyzidae" genus="Opomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Opomyza (Tethina) illota" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="illota" subGenus="Tethina">Opomyza (Tethina) illota</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="D06A0C1DD5E3FB3ADF3A0FD9E6DF33C2" author="Haliday, AH" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="183 - 190" title="New British insects indicated in Mr. Curtis's Guide [part]." url="doi: 10.1080/00222933809512369" volume="2" year="1838">Haliday 1838</bibRefCitation>
, by subsequent monotypy (
<bibRefCitation author="Haliday, AH" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="183 - 190" title="New British insects indicated in Mr. Curtis's Guide [part]." url="doi: 10.1080/00222933809512369" volume="2" year="1838">Haliday 1838</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="3A12AB6E1F22E4AAA566F50F3DBD85F8" author="Haliday, AH" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="183 - 190" title="New British insects indicated in Mr. Curtis's Guide [part]." url="doi: 10.1080/00222933809512369" volume="2" year="1838">Haliday 1838</bibRefCitation>
: 188).
<bibRefCitation author="Sturtevant, AH" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 12" title="New species and notes on synonymy and distribution of Muscidae Acalypteratae (Diptera)." volume="76" year="1923">Sturtevant 1923</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="93700E6DBB3FAE570C882E9B261E9891" author="Sturtevant, AH" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 12" title="New species and notes on synonymy and distribution of Muscidae Acalypteratae (Diptera)." volume="76" year="1923">Sturtevant 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 5-7 [discussion of synonymy, listing of Nearctic species].
<bibRefCitation author="Thompson, FC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="80 - 89" title="Haliday's generic names of Diptera first published in Curtis' A Guide to ... British Insects (1837)." volume="70" year="1981">Thompson and Mathis 1981</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="C0BC59D6FB46E950EC719C3C19809FB2" author="Thompson, FC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="80 - 89" title="Haliday's generic names of Diptera first published in Curtis' A Guide to ... British Insects (1837)." volume="70" year="1981">Thompson and Mathis 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 86 [citation, nomenclature].
<bibRefCitation author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 27" title="World catalog of the family Tethinidae (Diptera)." url="doi: 10.5479/si.00810282.584" volume="584" year="1996">Mathis and Munari 1996</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="4D4B819C755A148F1FC6D1DAE2AECD92" author="Mathis, WN" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 27" title="World catalog of the family Tethinidae (Diptera)." url="doi: 10.5479/si.00810282.584" volume="584" year="1996">Mathis and Munari 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 13-19 [world catalog].
<bibRefCitation author="Foster, GA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="601 - 632" title="A revision of the family Tethinidae (Diptera) from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and Bermuda." volume="100" year="1998">Foster and Mathis 1998</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="011C4EABA00BB2769C6F4CA1CF8BE405" author="Foster, GA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="601 - 632" title="A revision of the family Tethinidae (Diptera) from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and Bermuda." volume="100" year="1998">Foster and Mathis 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 608-630 [revision of Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico species].
<bibRefCitation pageId="19" pageNumber="78">Sabrosky 1999</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="3D5F86B02FE00DB1BD7078C1379D8BE3" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">Sabrosky 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 32, 304 [citations, nomenclature].
<bibRefCitation author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 84" title="World catalog of the family Canacidae (including Tethinidae) (Diptera), with keys to the supraspecific taxa." volume="2471" year="2010">Munari and Mathis 2010</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="C4F0E2FA2C142A5F0344D4B7EC3F8F43" author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 84" title="World catalog of the family Canacidae (including Tethinidae) (Diptera), with keys to the supraspecific taxa." volume="2471" year="2010">Munari and Mathis 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 48-66 [world catalog].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Rhicnoessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhicnoessa" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhicnoessa</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Loew, H" journalOrPublisher="Wiener Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="161 - 175" title="Ueber einige bei Varna gefangene Dipteren." volume="6" year="1862">Loew 1862</bibRefCitation>
<paragraph id="D5C5C377EF8CA09BCF9EBF2C67925383" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="B84ACAB58AF85D4EE1A6BC6ACF1B302E" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Rhicnoessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhicnoessa" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhicnoessa</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="29BBD0063D34865B97AB40611F197FAD" author="Loew, H" journalOrPublisher="Wiener Entomologische Zeitung" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="161 - 175" title="Ueber einige bei Varna gefangene Dipteren." volume="6" year="1862">Loew 1862</bibRefCitation>
: 174. Type species:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Rhicnoessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhicnoessa cinerea" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinerea">Rhicnoessa cinerea</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="466DD4AEF6CFFF203B434A47138A86D1" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Rhicnoessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhicnoessa cinerea" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinerea">Rhicnoessa cinerea</taxonomicName>
Loew, by monotypy.
<bibRefCitation author="Loew, H" journalOrPublisher="Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="34 - 39" title="Ueber die europaeischen Arten der Gattung Rhicnoessa." volume="9" year="1865">Loew 1865</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="D90BE92D1DD24A46DCE45EC8A3EC9030" author="Loew, H" journalOrPublisher="Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="34 - 39" title="Ueber die europaeischen Arten der Gattung Rhicnoessa." volume="9" year="1865">Loew 1865</bibRefCitation>
: 34-39 [revision].
<bibRefCitation author="Williston, SW" journalOrPublisher="Third ed., New Haven, Connecticut" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" title="Manual of North American Diptera." year="1908">Williston 1908</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="33C42F9406B7C5E883EFADC326A9D857" author="Williston, SW" journalOrPublisher="Third ed., New Haven, Connecticut" pageId="27" pageNumber="86" title="Manual of North American Diptera." year="1908">Williston 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 292, 296 [fig. of head, key].
<bibRefCitation author="Collin, JE" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" pagination="229 - 234" title="Additions and corrections to the British list of Muscidae Acalyptratae [part]." volume="46" year="1911">Collin 1911</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="F87667F6D78F7F11B82E70A9713E27CC" author="Collin, JE" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist's Monthly Magazine" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" pagination="229 - 234" title="Additions and corrections to the British list of Muscidae Acalyptratae [part]." volume="46" year="1911">Collin 1911</bibRefCitation>
: 234 [probable synonymy with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="74C1B3E9CA631985A9CACE688A1237EA" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
].
<bibRefCitation author="Malloch, JR" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the US National Museum" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="127 - 154" title="A synopsis of the genera of Agromyzidae, with descriptions of new genera and species." volume="46" year="1913">Malloch 1913</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="771C7E1C03C888EB7CB0D1E6C1043F8B" author="Malloch, JR" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the US National Museum" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="127 - 154" title="A synopsis of the genera of Agromyzidae, with descriptions of new genera and species." volume="46" year="1913">Malloch 1913</bibRefCitation>
: 147 [discussion, fig. of head].
<bibRefCitation author="Hendel, F" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="33 - 47" title="Beitraege zur Kenntnis der acalyptraten Musciden." volume="1917" year="1917">Hendel 1917</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="C1CFB2FF72A3983F7C6E401A43A8448A" author="Hendel, F" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="24" pageNumber="83" pagination="33 - 47" title="Beitraege zur Kenntnis der acalyptraten Musciden." volume="1917" year="1917">Hendel 1917</bibRefCitation>
: 46 [synonymy in key]; 1934: 46 [references].
<bibRefCitation author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Societa Veneziana di Scienze Naturali - Lavori" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="51 - 68" title="Contributo alla conoscenza dei Tethinidae afrotropicali. IV. Tethinidae raccolti ad Aldabra dalla &quot; Aldabra Atoll Royal Society Expedition (1967 - 68) &quot; e nel Sud Africa da R. E. Turner e B. &amp; P. Stuckenberg, con descrizione di due nuove specie (Diptera, Acalyptratae)." volume="15" year="1990">Munari 1990</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="80EBB7856E217C9C3D815AB182400F18" author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Societa Veneziana di Scienze Naturali - Lavori" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="51 - 68" title="Contributo alla conoscenza dei Tethinidae afrotropicali. IV. Tethinidae raccolti ad Aldabra dalla &quot; Aldabra Atoll Royal Society Expedition (1967 - 68) &quot; e nel Sud Africa da R. E. Turner e B. &amp; P. Stuckenberg, con descrizione di due nuove specie (Diptera, Acalyptratae)." volume="15" year="1990">Munari 1990</bibRefCitation>
: 60-61 [status as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6836CAF006ECF05FF118DC4BFA5FDBE7" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Phycomyza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phycomyza" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phycomyza</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Melander, AL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="187 - 212" title="The North American species of Tethinidae (Diptera)." volume="59" year="1952">Melander 1952</bibRefCitation>
<paragraph id="5E03C0BD40879396704CBB493C4A2A20" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="D8093F9AA7E78ECBC3CE80354006423C" genus="Phycomyza" lsidName="Phycomyza" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" rank="genus">Phycomyza</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="4F23F272FC3DB5192D003CB45F1B52A3" author="Melander, AL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="25" pageNumber="84" pagination="187 - 212" title="The North American species of Tethinidae (Diptera)." volume="59" year="1952">Melander 1952</bibRefCitation>
: 198. Type species:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Rhicnoessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhicnoessa milichioides" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milichioides">Rhicnoessa milichioides</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="6F0F5895DEF5A29FF58F701688113F28" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Rhicnoessa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhicnoessa milichioides" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milichioides">Rhicnoessa milichioides</taxonomicName>
Melander, by original designation.
<bibRefCitation pageId="19" pageNumber="78">Vockeroth 1965</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="E71421E9BFE794448A75667680968055" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">Vockeroth 1965</bibRefCitation>
: 727 [Nearctic catalog].
<bibRefCitation author="Foster, GA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" pagination="336 - 352" title="Notes on the Phylogeny of the Nearctic Tethinidae and a Review of the Genus Neopelomyia Hendel, and the Tethina milichioides Group (Diptera)." volume="78" year="1976 a">Foster 1976a</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="00AC44347ABEF5C8A779DF6A4B64AF8B" author="Foster, GA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="23" pageNumber="82" pagination="336 - 352" title="Notes on the Phylogeny of the Nearctic Tethinidae and a Review of the Genus Neopelomyia Hendel, and the Tethina milichioides Group (Diptera)." volume="78" year="1976 a">Foster 1976a</bibRefCitation>
: 338 [synonymy].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="19" pageNumber="78">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="6111367D5A92E336981A095006D29CF6" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9ACCFF7878B81A9BD2F51E25D91D0C5A" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74300414ABC01B23749C2EF7BF6575AA" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="19" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="07CDC30E7BB16E735EE0EAEA545D667E" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from other genera of the subfamily
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tethininae">Tethininae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="23D2EAA0D070597101916ECDE3AE6155" lsidName="" pageId="19" pageNumber="78" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tethininae">Tethininae</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of characters: Head: Frons bearing some setulae in addition to larger setae; fronto-orbital and orbital setae usually with similar orientation, mostly reclinate or lateroclinate; fronto-orbital setae 3-4; postocellar setae more or less
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="79" start="start">convergent</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="8D6875464F5D714811B36A495F1157AF" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" start="start">convergent</pageBreakToken>
(lacking in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina lusitanica" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lusitanica">Tethina lusitanica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="0D03BA909D29D1D2B423279E0A1D1BF6" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina lusitanica" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lusitanica">Tethina lusitanica</taxonomicName>
). Face with shiny tubercle above vibrissal pore. Eye appearing bare, setulae very sparse or lacking. Gena bare (except for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina pictipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipennis">Tethina pictipennis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="689DA110F8DAF24AE0B342F7F1C16847" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina pictipennis" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipennis">Tethina pictipennis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina lusitanica" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lusitanica">Tethina lusitanica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B0EF5E54E505555B02BA1E55848056FE" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina lusitanica" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lusitanica">Tethina lusitanica</taxonomicName>
, which have scattered, inconspicuous setulae) except for a ventral or nearly ventral row of setulae; gena high in many species, height 0.50-0.75 that of eye height. Palpus and proboscis usually normally developed; clypeus small, if exposed not protruding anteriad beyond oral margin. Thorax: Scutum generally with more or less numerous rows of coarse setulae arising from punctures; scutellar disc bare; postpronotum with 3 or more setae, ventral seta curved upward; acrostichal setulae in two or more complete or nearly complete rows (lacking in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina lusitanica" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lusitanica">Tethina lusitanica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="869B71F7D43E917C1C155F08E0536A24" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina lusitanica" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lusitanica">Tethina lusitanica</taxonomicName>
); prescutellar acrostichal setae present (lacking in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina lusitanica" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lusitanica">Tethina lusitanica</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3C44C8CD0DB96EA2EFA301BEAB4B7EAB" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina lusitanica" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lusitanica">Tethina lusitanica</taxonomicName>
). Wing with costa not spinose; vein A1+CuA2 short, much shorter than discal cell; wing usually shorter, about twice as long as wide (less often 2.5-3.0 times); cell bm and discal cell distinct. Mid and hind tibiae evenly setulose, lacking anterodorsal or posterodorsal setae. Abdomen: Tergites wider than long; tergite 6 well differentiated from short syntergosternite 7+8, the latter forming a dorsal pregenital sclerite. Male terminalia: Surstylus positioned at ventral margin of epandrium, usually broadly articulated externally with epandrium, internally with subepandrial sclerite; aedeagus usually very long and sinuous, either thick and straplike or narrow and ribbonlike; aedeagus micropubescent dorsally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
<subSubSection id="FAA935163F21164BF82AD22A8BDB487E" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4B9FA8CF70A092D530BD533895E13465" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B114DF1550231B2EF38A64DD415FCCC0" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
Worldwide among genera of
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tethininae">Tethininae</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="2CF5619708C5E7D674243474BFE3FE13" lsidName="" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tethininae">Tethininae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DF1617231B7C8E389A3D44B1C5A9D866" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
has more than half of the described species (77 of 115) (
<bibRefCitation author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Societa Veneziana di Scienze Naturali - Lavori" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="17 - 25" title="Beach flies (Diptera: Tethinidae) of the Palaearctic Region: An annotated checklist, including world distribution." volume="27" year="2002">Munari 2002</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="1E00C844EDEE1F5241D79A2C1B71AA7A" author="Munari, L" journalOrPublisher="Societa Veneziana di Scienze Naturali - Lavori" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="17 - 25" title="Beach flies (Diptera: Tethinidae) of the Palaearctic Region: An annotated checklist, including world distribution." volume="27" year="2002">Munari 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Two species occur in the study area and a third,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina albula" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albula">Tethina albula</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="AFC146F2048286B825E6597A8E0893D3" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina albula" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albula">Tethina albula</taxonomicName>
(Loew), has been reported (
<bibRefCitation author="Prado AP, do" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Biologia" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="429 - 439" title="Sobre duas especies novas do genero &quot; Tethina &quot; Haliday, 1838 (Diptera, Tethinidae)." volume="26" year="1966">Prado and Tavares 1966</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="07A426571CA3E6E0FA6663DF107FEA92" author="Prado AP, do" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Biologia" pageId="26" pageNumber="85" pagination="429 - 439" title="Sobre duas especies novas do genero &quot; Tethina &quot; Haliday, 1838 (Diptera, Tethinidae)." volume="26" year="1966">Prado and Tavares 1966</bibRefCitation>
) but not seen as part of this study. Since
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina albula" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albula">Tethina albula</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="ADE82FAC9C33EFD07AE9BF8F2622122C" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina albula" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albula">Tethina albula</taxonomicName>
has been reported from Brazil, and as there is the possibility of its occurrence there, we have included it in the key to species. The included species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="365E01250B3B6D167297D88AE9179FE6" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
occur along maritime beaches of the littoral biotic region. Specimens are sometimes abundant, especially on fresh and decomposing wrack.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="key to species of tethina from brazil">
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
<subSubSection id="6B0A83F18CC28813029DE70342B9EA34" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" type="key to species of tethina from brazil">
<paragraph id="8FAA26558BE57BA5AC1708642AA45FE6" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
Key to Species of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E33B06D1121CB618E26DD7DE01754425" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tethina</taxonomicName>
from Brazil
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
<table pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
<tr pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
<td colspan="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina xanthopoda" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthopoda">Tethina xanthopoda</taxonomicName>
<paragraph id="C46F7D5D7BB3A6752B1F93935C40AC4A" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
<table id="1E11AFC17F78B21C10091B55D5B3DC88" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
<tr id="8C8A539E51DB8494C28BCA09A2487C10" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
<td id="96952B9908A04116E46477AD5521D382" colspan="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="A3F7529F4FA959CEC0A63F3F80506478" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina xanthopoda" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthopoda">Tethina xanthopoda</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
<td colspan="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina willistoni" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willistoni">Tethina willistoni</taxonomicName>
<tr id="2A93F5FAF3A699A84CCE632C2192303E" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
<td id="35E7CB503526AA880BCBF116B2F73255" colspan="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="D71CDE80E2AED1314D6F1FA06FF980E2" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina willistoni" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="willistoni">Tethina willistoni</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
<td colspan="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina albula" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albula">Tethina albula</taxonomicName>
<tr id="0513D2926E09B9886855EDC74841B3F9" pageId="20" pageNumber="79">
<td id="D16182C131C91026733690D35524F0BB" colspan="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="1743308F5C00E63B42B47DDBE6D63545" class="Insecta" family="Canacidae" genus="Tethina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethina albula" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albula">Tethina albula</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1356E701B8B80389E850AF9ABD93248E" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 80-85
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Female body length: 1.32-1.77 mm (n=20).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with irregular rugosity medially. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with 2 rows of setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
<subSubSection id="BD16E8F7F0392128DB0F17C5391A8F11" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="description">
<paragraph id="9A7BCE4A51C33DA2193BBEC806F48C5F" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D033101DA04ED9D36BCA41DD58339B36" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Female body length: 1.32-1.77 mm (n=20).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A43858AC0BD898858F6D2B3ECE57519" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with irregular rugosity medially. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with 2 rows of setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption id="A7A824103751BCAA6F893BE58A51199F" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
<paragraph id="D99406501EFE6EF146563036C39D8CCC" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
Figures 80-85.
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<taxonomicName id="975BD207DB9C671B80CE1D8A75D91163" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia tonsura" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="tonsura">Phanuromyia tonsura</taxonomicName>
♀ (OSUC149418), 80 Dorsal habitus 81 Lateral habitus 82 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 83 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 84 Head, mouthparts, anteroventral view 85 T1-T2, dorsal view. Scale bar in millimeters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: uncertain, smooth. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: costate at sides, smooth medially. Posterior margin of T2: distinctly concave. Number of visible terga past T2: 2 or 3. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="44A5DB3DAEAA81743A62FA1209182E32" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: uncertain, smooth. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C5C7A0E6EB10AE27B70C14FE0EF989FF" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6E767F8D2B1B7823EC8BB3FA744F4367" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: costate at sides, smooth medially. Posterior margin of T2: distinctly concave. Number of visible terga past T2: 2 or 3. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia tonsura" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonsura">Phanuromyia tonsura</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="4E7CE23606752A882863D789FA3BEDC3" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1CF9A85882243C6088D29DBC02F6F800" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="156E09FEBDDCCFF88E83374A4CFB0B1B" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName id="6265FC24E53EF2B6CC6DA1790A943599" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia tonsura" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="tonsura">Phanuromyia tonsura</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the sculpture of T1, which is costate laterally and smooth medially.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
<subSubSection id="511EE0F4E32C51B60492ADA7A6454733" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="EB5165EB84C6E0CA85E462C8774B0DEB" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1E557049285D956F579E1CA3BA0816A4" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
The name
<taxonomicName genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha tonsura" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="tonsura">tonsura</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="08BD7B8062CB0766DD6A7C37BA0BA91E" genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha tonsura" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="tonsura">tonsura</taxonomicName>
is derived from the Latin word for a shearing and refers to the tonsure hairstyle often worn by monks, because this species has a smooth
<normalizedToken originalValue="“bald”">&quot;bald&quot;</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="1BA0AE5E71AA5A4F464D572D55A356CC" originalValue="“bald”">&quot;bald&quot;</normalizedToken>
area in the middle of T1. This name is to be used as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=403728]</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="D3EF7FEA9F52E8BCDF1C9C7D64D8B1A9" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="41C80E6A24CC377BF3AA7CE40CDAC36D" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3DA51A29D8440FCD6DFDD4C29B1CE898" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=403728]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
<subSubSection id="8D83A4689B67F3CE66400BBFCEDABDE6" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FA590096060A8320E0324C654832D29F" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D7151F2B64F7147A4DD6FEF84BC53047" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
Holotype, female: ECUADOR:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sucumbíos">Sucumbios</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4D28BE4A421BC1EE1775EADA83832A8B" originalValue="Sucumbíos">Sucumbios</normalizedToken>
Prov., Napo River, 270m,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.5">00°30'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="E5DEC377EE5AE74A0DD435E7640CCDF7" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.5">00°30'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.5">76°30'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="88C27926053AE4F3BCF583AE283DFEC9" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.5">76°30'W</geoCoordinate>
, Sacha Lodge, 10.
<normalizedToken originalValue="X–">X-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="B8353F687EF4826A675CCFD321FE70F6" originalValue="X–">X-</normalizedToken>
21.X.1994, Malaise trap, P.
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="95" start="start">Hibbs</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="1A43A44FF2CDA36A69B21CF41A3F13D6" pageId="24" pageNumber="95" start="start">Hibbs</pageBreakToken>
, OSUC550269 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: (33 females) BRAZIL: 1 female, OSUC149370 (CNCI). COLOMBIA: 1 female, OSUC149404 (CNCI). ECUADOR: 26 females, OSUC149386, 149414-149416, 164005, 240606, 549947, 550041-550045, 550047-550049, 550051-550061 (CNCI). PARAGUAY: 3 females, OSUC322900, 322902, 322904 (OSUC). PERU: 2 females, OSUC149402, 149418 (CNCI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="95" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="95">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="95">
<subSubSection id="C04F1C17F9E0E8FD0B6E5BC5DD216551" pageId="24" pageNumber="95" type="comments">
<paragraph id="3DF08339296D5A49BB425D5C3330C45F" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DB3A8C075A6047BC76C33CF81CC04D84" pageId="24" pageNumber="95">
This species most closely resembles
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. hjalmr" pageId="24" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="hjalmr">P. hjalmr</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="ABA36D67AE2CCDFBCBDF19AE91A167ED" lsidName="P. hjalmr" pageId="24" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="hjalmr">P. hjalmr</taxonomicName>
, but the two species can be easily distinguished by their T1 sculpture:
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tonsura" pageId="24" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="tonsura">P. tonsura</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="AB4599FB9E0DA24B86769F2FBA190B8A" lsidName="P. tonsura" pageId="24" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="tonsura">P. tonsura</taxonomicName>
has the medial portion of T1 smooth from its anterior to posterior margin, while
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. hjalmr" pageId="24" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="hjalmr">P. hjalmr</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="612F98B46D3A6B65810FC8B1160EF809" lsidName="P. hjalmr" pageId="24" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="hjalmr">P. hjalmr</taxonomicName>
is sculptured across the entire anterior third of T1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

157
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903444" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:26939117-0EDA-42F8-9930-2108E2DE1686" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D3F35D75C96E42018AAC4EA0F1C9D81D" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="20" pageNumber="91">
<subSubSection pageId="20" pageNumber="91" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="20" pageNumber="91">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/26939117-0EDA-42F8-9930-2108E2DE1686" authority="Nesheim" class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia princeps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">
<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="91" start="start">Phanuromyia</pageBreakToken>
<treatment id="D3F35D75C96E42018AAC4EA0F1C9D81D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903444" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:26939117-0EDA-42F8-9930-2108E2DE1686" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D3F35D75C96E42018AAC4EA0F1C9D81D" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="20" pageNumber="91" scope_family="Platygastridae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Telenominae">
<subSubSection id="DC4C46B29DA3F5A354C9D23C2592E4A6" pageId="20" pageNumber="91" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FECF2BAF2964AFBCCEC168B691EC4AFB" pageId="20" pageNumber="91">
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<pageBreakToken id="AA39CB0197177D99E077B0298322FDE4" pageId="20" pageNumber="91" start="start">Phanuromyia</pageBreakToken>
princeps Nesheim
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="20" pageNumber="91">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DB470A9667A311CDC9FB32C5551A9287" pageId="20" pageNumber="91">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 74-79
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="21" pageNumber="92" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="92">
<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="92" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
<subSubSection id="E2AF2ABA7672721FF3E0F80EAC7A7223" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="21" pageNumber="92" type="description">
<paragraph id="05D07E7961FD2491C7FC6ACE9E9C6B87" pageId="21" pageNumber="92">
<pageBreakToken id="A2547A51365CAD6952A98FACC484B1F2" pageId="21" pageNumber="92" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="92">Female body length: 1.38-1.48 mm (n=10).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="92">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with 3-6 transverse rugae medially. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with 2 rows of setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="21" pageNumber="92">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="92">
<paragraph id="CD191F2292B778D56C755BC30760FEF1" pageId="21" pageNumber="92">Female body length: 1.38-1.48 mm (n=10).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5DF037C5B8DAD339998ABA3DCCF190CF" pageId="21" pageNumber="92">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with 3-6 transverse rugae medially. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with 2 rows of setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption id="A70064E5DEA4D000E54664A83E48E40A" pageId="21" pageNumber="92">
<paragraph id="08C910190263C7F30AF5C71909F7F0C8" pageId="21" pageNumber="92">
Figures 74-79.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia princeps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="92" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">Phanuromyia princeps</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="D3D29F48C30A58127CA7690C4298F556" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia princeps" pageId="21" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="princeps">Phanuromyia princeps</taxonomicName>
♀ (OSUC151126), 74 Dorsal habitus 75 Lateral habitus 76 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 77 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 78 Head, mouthparts, anteroventral view 79 T1-T3, dorsal view. Scale bar in millimeters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="93">
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="93" start="start">Sculpture</pageBreakToken>
<paragraph id="06D46A9BDF83B4F3442F15EB514BE994" pageId="22" pageNumber="93">
<pageBreakToken id="469C83DA944D84A7BE2C3AB93FB13303" pageId="22" pageNumber="93" start="start">Sculpture</pageBreakToken>
on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="93">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="22" pageNumber="93">
<paragraph id="C5A52DF008F826930024921FC348F3E7" pageId="22" pageNumber="93">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9167CC61B51983B94AC27B7DFC59F26D" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="22" pageNumber="93">
T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: medially without costae or foveolae. T2 sculpture: with transverse series of small punctures in shape of incurved chevron. Sculpture of T1: evenly costate across anterior 1/3 to 1/2, smooth in remain
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="94" start="start">ing</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="E4F5E217DB7BC3B32570093EF404A4BA" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" start="start">ing</pageBreakToken>
apical portion. Posterior margin of T2: straight; slightly convex. Number of visible terga past T2: 4 or 5. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia princeps" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="princeps">Phanuromyia princeps</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="5BC7CADBA57B13B1BA4E93DA01EBA782" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="AB2A16200B415EF26953529C374452AB" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D34E5C0789EA61C9A395F32AF04EF4F1" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName id="F902A5ADE889C01E5FAD68D8ED2A7F8B" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia princeps" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="princeps">Phanuromyia princeps</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the T2 sculpture, which consists of a transverse series of small punctures in the shape of an incurved chevron.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
<subSubSection id="628200C68F15388B0426BDE292EA5BF2" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8669359F81A3D104D5FAB966C5879285" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="03C08FA40D7242D1F57285187FDB73C9" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
The name
<taxonomicName genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha princeps" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="princeps">princeps</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B8C7D1041EE06B4264A9F8A43F01437F" genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha princeps" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="princeps">princeps</taxonomicName>
is derived from the prince character in the book The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain in reference to its similarity to
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pauper" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="pauper">P. pauper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="DE6D1D8E8EB9965985CAFEBEBFE8578F" lsidName="P. pauper" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="pauper">P. pauper</taxonomicName>
. This name is to be used as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=403732]</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="55F499EADBD0774D655FA0A49BE1F969" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C067EEBB88F78775AF2EBE1D455C9041" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56B88AFBB611AADB037C8631D65910AC" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=403732]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
<subSubSection id="FCA5FDBCE47449416F8BAB93AD1B6B2A" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B114D3660DB891B5491CD8211F5FAB63" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FA067A47DF0191553D13406A91736C1B" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
Holotype, female: BRAZIL: BA, Sapiranga Reserve, sweeping 13,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.557584">12°33'27.3&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-38.051388">38°03'05&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="4EC4992C51728BDA05DCFE181A4244EE" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.557584">12°33'27.3&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="ADAA1001029545502DDB858BF00571EF" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-38.051388">38°03'05&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, Mata de
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="478F3767F0F9382B5C751BDD500456B9" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="851E65E505C3C5F71FD9A1C3AE581694" originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
, 24.VII.2001, sweeping, M. T. Tavares et al., OSUC150922 (deposited in OSUC). Paratypes: (9 females) BRAZIL: 4 females, OSUC150923, 151077, 151098, 151126 (OSUC). ECUADOR: 1 female, OSUC550068 (CNCI). FRENCH GUIANA: 4 females, OSUC149426, 550100, 550109, 550112 (CNCI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
<subSubSection id="6146B88833C25A2B9B723FAF457DE4F8" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" type="comments">
<paragraph id="A7C540A82D27661DEB3F461104492566" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="47904B749937F4DB6D8914739E81EECB" pageId="23" pageNumber="94">
This species very closely resembles
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pauper" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="pauper">P. pauper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E2103D3C9F1BA07B24B4A016D477E872" lsidName="P. pauper" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="pauper">P. pauper</taxonomicName>
, although the two species can be distinguished easily by the sculpture on T2:
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. princeps" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="princeps">P. princeps</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="742261E53DF3650CB9F8D12F51DB966D" lsidName="P. princeps" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="princeps">P. princeps</taxonomicName>
has a complete scrobiculate angled
<normalizedToken originalValue="“belt,”">&quot;belt,&quot;</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="9A924C6B7DEFC8784CCAEE4F2755FD29" originalValue="“belt,”">&quot;belt,&quot;</normalizedToken>
while
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pauper" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="pauper">P. pauper</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="9C60F6E1BF999059437CC5FE944E8441" lsidName="P. pauper" pageId="23" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="pauper">P. pauper</taxonomicName>
only has lateral costae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

126
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@ -1,110 +1,110 @@
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050451" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DC5B33A67D5BA7EFB44A1F96E1273BFE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC5B33A67D5BA7EFB44A1F96E1273BFE" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Parapholidoptera_intermixta" authority="Karabag, 1961" authorityName="Karabag" authorityYear="1961" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Parapholidoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapholidoptera intermixta" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermixta">
<treatment id="DC5B33A67D5BA7EFB44A1F96E1273BFE" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152050451" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DC5B33A67D5BA7EFB44A1F96E1273BFE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC5B33A67D5BA7EFB44A1F96E1273BFE" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" scope_family="Tettigoniidae" scope_order="Orthoptera" scope_subFamily="Tettigoniinae" scope_subOrder="Ensifera">
<subSubSection id="D8B22A5B6CA3FF2779B81CCDEB001D7E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8F07B23E731EAF7D33117AB8F247FA2E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="99AB2CAA672EFFD97AC71E3474DC1894" ID-CoL="8PGN4" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Parapholidoptera_intermixta" authority="Karabag, 1961" authorityName="Karabag" authorityYear="1961" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Parapholidoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapholidoptera intermixta" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermixta">
Parapholidoptera intermixta
<normalizedToken originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="821323918867F53D18E1E09447B1B114" originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
, 1961
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<subSubSection id="EF1ACD33A0C346D7148BD9B047C70D0F" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="42DBE70284AAEEF4872761334C9B9E2D" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="42A63E1E62D3E6B5F8BE2549B5DA923D" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Endemic for Turkey,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Binboğa-Mountains">Binboga-Mountains</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="43CE2A88FBFE911D256AB72905A38D89" originalValue="Binboğa-Mountains">Binboga-Mountains</normalizedToken>
(Figure 6a) (
<bibRefCitation author="Karabag, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Research Council of the Israel" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="107 - 114" title="Some new and little known Pholidopterini (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) from Turkey." volume="10" year="1961">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="0A84632A1E7B26032EFA911EBA4C6006" author="Karabag, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Research Council of the Israel" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="107 - 114" title="Some new and little known Pholidopterini (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) from Turkey." volume="10" year="1961">
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1961
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,
<bibRefCitation author="Ciplak, B" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="411 - 436" title="The systematics and phylogeny of Parapholidoptera (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae)." url="10.1111/j.1365-3113.2000.00112.x" volume="25" year="2000">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çıplak">Ciplak</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="5690ECCDAEFE3DD62FB852B1DED0A487" author="Ciplak, B" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="411 - 436" title="The systematics and phylogeny of Parapholidoptera (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae)." url="10.1111/j.1365-3113.2000.00112.x" volume="25" year="2000">
<normalizedToken id="FE28573AEF614279D5091DBF47F7E317" originalValue="Çıplak">Ciplak</normalizedToken>
2000
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).
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<caption id="B18FB0F1F9E4766AE8E790E26347009B" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph id="C34506CD93EC2F91BA8EF0C900F4E72F" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figure 6. Distribution map (A) and male calling song of
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<taxonomicName id="1379EED10DFD3013D80CE7663F4FA911" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Parapholidoptera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapholidoptera intermixta" order="Orthoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermixta">Parapholidoptera intermixta</taxonomicName>
(B sequences of phrases C a group of phrases and D one complete phrase).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="song recording">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Song recording.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<subSubSection id="D6AA3D5BB31DD125B58714A5E44B4B4A" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="song recording">
<paragraph id="997D2546DC4B32F1F699A4B24516F518" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Song recording.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DFE0BF463F57E7359323F4A77C400273" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Male specimens collected from Turkey, Adana, Saimbeyli, Obruk
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saksağan">Saksagan</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="boğazı">bogazi</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="26341F133A155FFF63EC8DA8BEA309BA" originalValue="Saksağan">Saksagan</normalizedToken>
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, 1410 m, 03.VII.2010 (by D.
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<normalizedToken id="AD0DA68B81A0C51B4EA3A41CBFDE3FDC" originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
) and calling song recorded from five males at 28 °C in the field (by D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="BC5A0EB3E84477BD14C4599DFDD5B774" originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
).
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description of song.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<subSubSection id="0CD96B25DDAABEF72760F788CA69082A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description of song">
<paragraph id="281427C47807A844A4251897A64D568F" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description of song.</paragraph>
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Ten records from five males were examined. The calling song consists of a series of regular phrases (Figure 6b) with an interval of 681-895
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">ms</pageBreakToken>
<pageBreakToken id="1846E24E21B7442B6CA19EBF85A6E67C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">ms</pageBreakToken>
(810
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="E96AF8C66164C5642031F81A39140E61" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.07). Phrase durations vary between 239-254 ms (246
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="3CC14ED9D00FF95B59A9334164E77544" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.05) and phrases consist of 6-7 (6.12
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0.35) syllables. Syllables consisting of denser and hardly distinguishable impulses (Figure 6d). The first and second syllables at the beginning of the phrase are quieter and shorter (having low amplitudes) than the following syllables (Figure 6c, d). Syllable duration varies between 29 and 60 ms (38.59
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5.78) without any silent interval [except between the first and second syllables (6-12 ms)].
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132
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Pezodrymadusa_konowi" authority="Bolivar, 1899" authorityName="Bolivar" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pezodrymadusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pezodrymadusa konowi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="konowi">Pezodrymadusa konowi (Bolivar, 1899)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="0787506CD92CB320E54A3D21B7DFA007" ID-CoL="4FJ6S" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Pezodrymadusa_konowi" authority="Bolivar, 1899" authorityName="Bolivar" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pezodrymadusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pezodrymadusa konowi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="konowi">Pezodrymadusa konowi (Bolivar, 1899)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection id="F78414E01AE32438264A38AED680AC0B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="55203323E19B8014F128451BF3C768AA" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="17BA7D42E973A423F3C4C28625FB8B13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Endemic for Turkey - East Anatolia (Figure 8a) (
<bibRefCitation author="Karabag, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Research Council of the Israel" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="107 - 114" title="Some new and little known Pholidopterini (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) from Turkey." volume="10" year="1961">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
<bibRefCitation id="D30A11EB58CC05DDA099E7019D9AA69C" author="Karabag, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Research Council of the Israel" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="107 - 114" title="Some new and little known Pholidopterini (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) from Turkey." volume="10" year="1961">
<normalizedToken id="93EC0A39630391BC15D9326E87D59B1F" originalValue="Karabağ">Karabag</normalizedToken>
1961
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,
<bibRefCitation author="Sevgili, H" journalOrPublisher="Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="317 - 335" title="Orthoptera fauna of Kemaliye (Erzincan)." volume="40" year="2012 b">Sevgili et al. 2012b</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="10E097AB42C3DF9D13582509FC51DBDD" author="Sevgili, H" journalOrPublisher="Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="317 - 335" title="Orthoptera fauna of Kemaliye (Erzincan)." volume="40" year="2012 b">Sevgili et al. 2012b</bibRefCitation>
).
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Figure 8. Distribution map (A) and male calling song of
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<taxonomicName id="004F4705368F3A7F10DD7BB7E8D37EE3" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pezodrymadusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pezodrymadusa konowi" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="konowi">Pezodrymadusa konowi</taxonomicName>
(B sequences of phrases groups C two complete phrase and D a group of syllable couples).
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Song recording.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection id="00FD0D1A9C50B0AE36CD40687A025382" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="song recording">
<paragraph id="275531B93E013A0BB2814922EC603B00" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Song recording.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2CCAABD5EFB0DEF931518A215E9ADB7D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Male specimens collected from Turkey,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Elazığ">Elazig</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="035625455347C002F0DA4E41EE5ACF02" originalValue="Elazığ">Elazig</normalizedToken>
, Keban
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<normalizedToken id="7812971234F41D73D158A8E21A042A30" originalValue="çıkışı">cikisi</normalizedToken>
15 km,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="38.713165">38°42.790'N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="42ECE4E99CE5536F410595781E30E7F9" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="38.713165">38°42.790'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="38.957134">38°57.428'E</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C5B3B6F8B1287E0DEAC55EF24545B254" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="38.957134">38°57.428'E</geoCoordinate>
, 1376 m, 03.VII.2012 (by D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="43F9EE5A018998E67E301D2E23D7A04C" originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
&amp; A. Mol), and calling song recorded from two males at 32 °C in laboratory (by D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="74C54F5250CE1B07A1AFDD29D4E3E832" originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
).
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description of song">
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description of song.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection id="9BC788B969EA162E6A4D3573A0DCBDEC" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description of song">
<paragraph id="6B3F750FA2372108FAA3A66A0C51D002" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description of song.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="93C1AB69883C5F43A167A27140E8735C" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Five records from two males were evaluated. The calling song consists of a series of irregular number of phrases (Figure 8b) with an interval of 297-615 ms (376
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="9B04D45BEA1988B9F58841F9E9C7CE5A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.09). Phrases are consisting of 9-11 (9.84
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="A7D1D846BB6F10E473A5DA9C345C9140" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.99) syllables. The phrase begins with a quiet syllable (Figure 8c). Oscillographic analyses showed that each phrase involves two syllable couples (Figure 8d). Syllable couple duration varies between 53-67 ms (54.10
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="7178D53EBE6C9CFE076EC38D45CDD91D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.97) with an interval of 5-19 ms (8.37
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="C1DA79D7208EED89FA7A10104CEE1EFC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.17). First syllable in these couples lasts 19-25 ms (22.33
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="1DB44A6EF528B7169B197CD05B69AEFD" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.67) and contains a louder beginning part [17-23 ms (21.12
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="F8EFF77E244AC438EFDE777287E64F8B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.27)] and a quieter part [1-4 ms (1.97
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="D7E3E8FB16A59C83F829FB366D340D95" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.78)]. First syllable in these couples is followed by a second syllable (except the first syllable in a phrase) after an interval of 6-12 ms (8.22
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="DDA77EAD9E7F3083F9AFC28D8677ADCA" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.63). Duration of the second syllable in these couples varies between 26-34 ms (28.57
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="4757858B9D950AB45B0A4DB4E84B42D3" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.15).
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142
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7.
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Chaudhri, Akbar &amp; Rasool, 1974: 147.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Unknown; United States.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="05EDB72FAF45DB1A7525688D1ACC4633" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
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Chaudhri, Akbar &amp; Rasool was briefly described from female specimens only, and the male was unknown (
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<bibRefCitation id="01C545DFF9B7D5D190ADD6A61EED0C15" author="Chaudhri, WM" journalOrPublisher="University of Agriculture, Lyallpur" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B22" refString="Chaudhri, WM, Akbar, S, Rasool, A, 1974. Taxonomic studies of the mites belonging to the families Tenuipalpidae, Tetranychidae, Tuckerellidae, Caligonellidae, Stigmaeidae and Phytoseiidae, PL-480 Project on mites. University of Agriculture, Lyallpur" title="Taxonomic studies of the mites belonging to the families Tenuipalpidae, Tetranychidae, Tuckerellidae, Caligonellidae, Stigmaeidae and Phytoseiidae, PL- 480 Project on mites." year="1974">Chaudhri et al. 1974</bibRefCitation>
). The species was placed in the subgenus
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, and although the authors did not specifically compare it with any other closely related species of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
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, they did mention that based on the pattern of dorsal striae and length of the female body, this species differed from all species in that subgenus. However, the morphological information available for the female clearly indicates that this species does not actually match the subgenus
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diagnosis of that time (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation author="Tuttle, DM" journalOrPublisher="The University of Arizona Press, Tucson" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B140" refString="Tuttle, DM, Baker, EW, 1968. Spider mites of southwestern United States and a revision of the family Tetranychidae. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson" title="Spider mites of southwestern United States and a revision of the family Tetranychidae." year="1968">Tuttle and Baker 1968</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8E2719A59C2D95A9AA34EA48788A4850" author="Chaudhri, WM" journalOrPublisher="University of Agriculture, Lyallpur" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B22" refString="Chaudhri, WM, Akbar, S, Rasool, A, 1974. Taxonomic studies of the mites belonging to the families Tenuipalpidae, Tetranychidae, Tuckerellidae, Caligonellidae, Stigmaeidae and Phytoseiidae, PL-480 Project on mites. University of Agriculture, Lyallpur" title="Taxonomic studies of the mites belonging to the families Tenuipalpidae, Tetranychidae, Tuckerellidae, Caligonellidae, Stigmaeidae and Phytoseiidae, PL- 480 Project on mites." year="1974">Chaudhri et al. 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520335431" author="Jeppson, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B70" refString="Jeppson, LR, Keifer, HH, Baker, EW, 1975. Mites injurious to economic plants. University of California Press, Berkeley, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520335431" title="Mites injurious to economic plants." url="https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520335431" year="1975">Jeppson et al. 1975</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="495458AEE35E5FC9456E427DB84D9111" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520335431" author="Jeppson, LR" journalOrPublisher="University of California Press, Berkeley" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B70" refString="Jeppson, LR, Keifer, HH, Baker, EW, 1975. Mites injurious to economic plants. University of California Press, Berkeley, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520335431" title="Mites injurious to economic plants." url="https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520335431" year="1975">Jeppson et al. 1975</bibRefCitation>
). The taxonomic identity of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. longus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="11FEC98999A3C0EC761A9D680F019D9B" lsidName="O. longus" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="longus">
<emphasis id="EBCC2180ED001680C549F23D6E881D13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. longus</emphasis>
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is doubtful until the male is collected and described from the type host and locality.
</paragraph>

148
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1.
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Canestrini, 1889: 502.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Picea</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="31458DCE2ED51A972D3D0FBD2DF0BD3B" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="E2AAEAE3C5D53A1B584480731A302821" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Picea" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52E935827DB045A947BA518B4ED19CEF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Picea</emphasis>
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sp. (
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); Italy.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Canestrini" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Arachnida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Oligonychus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligonychus picei" order="Prostigmata" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus picei</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="817CBEC822B2ACAE0C341AAF0BAD6D05" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
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(Canestrini) was described briefly based only on female, male remains unknown in original (
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) and subsequent descriptions (
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<bibRefCitation id="8BB8D94EA9AA0FB8B164397FE274C6F3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" author="Pritchard, AE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B124" refString="Pritchard, AE, Baker, EW, 1955. A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" title="A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" year="1955">Pritchard and Baker 1955</bibRefCitation>
). Although
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" author="Pritchard, AE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B124" refString="Pritchard, AE, Baker, EW, 1955. A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" title="A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" year="1955">Pritchard and Baker (1955)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="F6A576FFD143886ACF76475E0C611661" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" author="Pritchard, AE" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B124" refString="Pritchard, AE, Baker, EW, 1955. A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" title="A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852" year="1955">Pritchard and Baker (1955)</bibRefCitation>
examined female paratypes, they did not provide a detailed re-description. They mention that it resembles
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. subnudus</emphasis>
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(described from USA on
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Pinus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B3D384C687A17D2703DD0BF93F9E1B99" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
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), differing by having comparatively longer dorsal setae. The identity of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. picei</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9A52C1C05C938347D9BA52F64E2F275B" lsidName="O. picei" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="picei">
<emphasis id="B940F0BE42BD08F7EA492FB49814C1F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. picei</emphasis>
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is doubtful until the male and female are comprehensively described from the type host and locality.
</paragraph>

137
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903441" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:01F7E2C9-511E-4ABF-9826-B206A5D2B20E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F1448F8AA4EF6DA41436AB8FC7A8C0D7" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/01F7E2C9-511E-4ABF-9826-B206A5D2B20E" authority="Nesheim &amp; Masner" class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia comata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comata">Phanuromyia comata Nesheim &amp; Masner</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="72">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="EF8DC564586F8206D2E9EF6B245D490F" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="3E395CE70CC03234A74A54511F3872E2" LSID="http://zoobank.org/01F7E2C9-511E-4ABF-9826-B206A5D2B20E" authority="Nesheim &amp; Masner" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia comata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comata">Phanuromyia comata Nesheim &amp; Masner</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19613E46C421BFF2ED2AC72748A3507C" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 1-6
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Female body length: 2.36 mm (n=1).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with&gt;6 transverse rugae medially. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with 2 rows of setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: entirely costate. Posterior margin of T2: distinctly concave. Number of visible terga past T2: 2 or 3. Setation on T2: consisting of thick patches of lateral setae; consisting of widespread scattered pilosity.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
<subSubSection id="1D70C3293CC36985DBCCCA7A6D6F89C3" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="description">
<paragraph id="3B30B8AD691F3347DF52E690FE358FB6" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="283192EDCCF11E14674898AC90A3DBAC" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Female body length: 2.36 mm (n=1).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A1548BED5FE55AD1C19BECEEE9F557E" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with&gt;6 transverse rugae medially. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with 2 rows of setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="40724FA7144965F2C9A7C0B4D84F43DA" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C45FD0282E3268976007359B9A8541A8" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FEA4AB3951725467DB60BFC55A958160" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: entirely costate. Posterior margin of T2: distinctly concave. Number of visible terga past T2: 2 or 3. Setation on T2: consisting of thick patches of lateral setae; consisting of widespread scattered pilosity.</paragraph>
<caption id="D5852A1521FDD6FF23F216C63884E774" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
<paragraph id="7342714867CE621A373A798FA8A6C4B4" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
Figures 1-6.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia comata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comata">Phanuromyia comata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C6280FFBFC8B55552B440145A59739BC" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia comata" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="comata">Phanuromyia comata</taxonomicName>
♀ (OSUC149413), 1 Lateral habitus 2 Dorsal habitus 3 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 4 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 5 Head, mouthparts, anteroventral view 6 T2-T4, dorsal view. Scale bar in millimeters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia comata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comata">Phanuromyia comata</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="7DF06D28FE1ADC575D9DDEF33A70C2B9" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F94950E57D0A298E5B32334AB2019D5F" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="12B837EF892A5E080F21C98938B89C85" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="8CF0EFAC5D25C5297DD35C249C924E3B" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia comata" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="comata">Phanuromyia comata</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by T2 setation consisting of thick patches of lateral setae combined with widespread scattered pilosity dorsally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
<subSubSection id="8A3631E202F8BDE6B5C464E4A9F9012E" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8C47F5D62136C9154519FB03EF1F5B6E" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27935A360A520F748C41D402B79FCC3E" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
The name
<taxonomicName genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha comata" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="comata">comata</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="BD5355E58376BB70192B432FA7D9CB32" genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha comata" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="comata">comata</taxonomicName>
is derived from the Latin word for having long hair because this species has diagnostic patches of setae. This name is to be used as a participle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=403725]</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="2D8F2B3A31BBC341404581A64EDC52DB" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A3D7567DB6B4EABF928AFB46850AF3AB" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B7394729035BD6BB0BAF3D2279D3912A" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=403725]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
<subSubSection id="0577EA8EAC38911D8AB86866527FD8D7" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="16C821B46ED1E209EC988227FD397F3C" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3317F7B51B4905765E2CC2C770735C9E" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
Holotype, female: BRAZIL: MT, 500m,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-12.766666">12°46'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="787959994EBFBE780170E0244D85D9A5" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-12.766666">12°46'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-55.5">55°30'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="F7D185ECB848E4C2F914D12F2A6F5607" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-55.5">55°30'W</geoCoordinate>
, Vila Vera, X-1973, M. Alvarenga, OSUC149413 (deposited in CNCI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia comata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="comata">Phanuromyia comata</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="EB1D5011D51E14DF3338012F87E0D099" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="comments">
<paragraph id="59B45DF57282BB5F0DA37337F097D923" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C12215BC13F7929E59625B7C964121B" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="28428B723979CE1EE6ED99DB3E0327CC" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia comata" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" rank="species" species="comata">Phanuromyia comata</taxonomicName>
is the only species in the group with widespread pilosity across the entirety of T2, so this character can be used to identify a specimen very quickly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

149
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<mods:title id="3D6FE76B12E869E8BD1A061668857DD8">The Phanuromyiagaleata species group (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae, Telenominae): shining a lantern into an unexplored corner of Neotropical diversity</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Masner, Lubomir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Johnson, Norman F.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903442" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:59383F22-EFB5-4638-B7BC-7BBAEB35D567" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F3175AF51C028BC75CEED6641D735821" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/59383F22-EFB5-4638-B7BC-7BBAEB35D567" authority="Nesheim &amp; Masner" class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia cranos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cranos">
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="76" start="start">Phanuromyia</pageBreakToken>
<treatment id="F3175AF51C028BC75CEED6641D735821" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903442" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:59383F22-EFB5-4638-B7BC-7BBAEB35D567" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F3175AF51C028BC75CEED6641D735821" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" scope_family="Platygastridae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Telenominae">
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<paragraph id="12FB647E5CA4119CA825F6FB021B1D7C" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
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<pageBreakToken id="8AAB7A03644E8D1ED43692458D99107E" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" start="start">Phanuromyia</pageBreakToken>
cranos Nesheim &amp; Masner
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="76">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8FF38E299209299927D63F1B0F6B887E" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 19-24
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Female body length: 2.21-2.50 mm (n=20).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with multiple transverse rugae; with irregular rugosity. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: as large as adjacent teeth. Frons below median ocellus: with 2 perfectly parallel rows of setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<subSubSection id="88DB4DF9817794A1187B3B674D673A05" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="77" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" type="description">
<paragraph id="858FFC8A25B1E1C6B355B2D8EAECC315" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="712B912B6262C9A707867F899100260A" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Female body length: 2.21-2.50 mm (n=20).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="70E42713FB6BF8916BC1F00D867E2BD0" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: with multiple transverse rugae; with irregular rugosity. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: as large as adjacent teeth. Frons below median ocellus: with 2 perfectly parallel rows of setiferous punctures.</paragraph>
<caption id="70C723F435737FCBFEC0D6088D73FB59" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
<paragraph id="9C186CD5F85B756663D3A78A1AE5AC09" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
Figures 19-24.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia cranos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cranos">Phanuromyia cranos</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F25CC232B4936B970C97EC2949FA9C34" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia cranos" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" rank="species" species="cranos">Phanuromyia cranos</taxonomicName>
♀ (OSUC550034), 19 Lateral habitus 20 Dorsal habitus 21 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 22 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 23 Head, mouthparts, anteroventral view 24 Frons, anteroventral view. Scale bar in millimeters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="77" start="start">T</pageBreakToken>
<paragraph id="E1210B51AB02AE1243F940ABC1C5CD06" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2AF89EFAACE7F8C611FD2E7B91F79C29" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DFB3FFA2FDFD51CF7C796D33017283C5" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<pageBreakToken id="93AF85A4B21C510C94E28204BE60726C" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" start="start">T</pageBreakToken>
1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: entirely costate. Posterior margin of T2: straight; only slightly concave. Number of visible terga past T2: 2 or 3. Setation on T2: limited to at most 1 row of setae posteriorly and sparse setation laterally.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia cranos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cranos">Phanuromyia cranos</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="BBC45BA871A4F6A1DB93C800E78384F2" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F992EBE430E0109DDDB1835979893086" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="7844C833A063E98A268726F09765EFCD" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia cranos" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="cranos">Phanuromyia cranos</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the 2 perfectly parallel rows of setiferous punctures on the frons.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<subSubSection id="D297CF712107B367C57D830BAFA07E85" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="DA46EEF7393606FDEE3968FF196DE0BC" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5F93CFF50D6A78DBC77874515407C214" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
The name
<taxonomicName genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha cranos" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="cranos">cranos</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="FFEB85EBC8147B7E1858C22DFD35EFFC" genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha cranos" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="cranos">cranos</taxonomicName>
is derived from a Greek word for helmet because this species has a large head evoking the image of a knight wearing a helmet. This name is to be used as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=389326]</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="2E472A7D4004452311FA6E8EFFC2F64A" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5853A3D41A9BA09B215E5E4EB1F64CDF" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C7E4B29A1B7098B9994A82006FA05EC" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=389326]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<subSubSection id="D07AD4772C762F4267E3515F4385F0D0" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C2D3AFD3535623FE0246DA44D1CCF212" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="56AEE0A46C066520B362EDA19EA2AA34" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
Holotype, female: ECUADOR:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sucumbíos">Sucumbios</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="6D8D72FEEABA62F5FBD8220FABB19D09" originalValue="Sucumbíos">Sucumbios</normalizedToken>
Prov., Napo River, 270m,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.5">00°30'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="620ECD88D946DA37E68C7A2AAF4A0E6B" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.5">00°30'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.5">76°30'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D4F746E03DCFD416250F6BA351F7B61E" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.5">76°30'W</geoCoordinate>
, Sacha Lodge, 3.
<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–">IV-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="2DF8C554554ACB42C63D0F6F9339A274" originalValue="IV–">IV-</normalizedToken>
13.IV.1994, Malaise trap, P. Hibbs, OSUC550028 (deposited in CNCI). Paratypes: (21 females) BOLIVIA: 4 females, OSUC149423, 550038-550040 (CNCI). COSTA RICA: 5 females, OSUC149421, 164007, 550031-550032, 550035 (CNCI). ECUADOR: 11 females, OSUC149420, 149422, 164006, 320967, 550027, 550029-550030, 550033-550034, 550036-550037 (CNCI). FRENCH GUIANA: 1 female, OSUC550111 (CNCI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia cranos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cranos">Phanuromyia cranos</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="1E8C100EDFC3C07D085A45B5CC1BA31D" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" type="comments">
<paragraph id="40A9D2C631108615C259ED4F6F56AC7B" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="017BFD7F1D913CCAB43A3FF4415920A7" pageId="6" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="C0F7E1D9BE7B0E93EA2838295AFAE201" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia cranos" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="cranos">Phanuromyia cranos</taxonomicName>
can be identified most quickly by the distinctive pattern of setiferous punctures on its frons. The setiferous frontal puncture of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. odo" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="odo">P. odo</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="A41A2B0B09C9784F31A8364A531CAF6B" lsidName="P. odo" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="odo">P. odo</taxonomicName>
may at times appear similar, but
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. odo" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="odo">P. odo</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="1FC637FA399200270DFBB4424F89164B" lsidName="P. odo" pageId="6" pageNumber="77" rank="species" species="odo">P. odo</taxonomicName>
has the apical margin of T2 distinctly concave.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>

154
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<mods:title id="3359461C5F0CC0F2038D4CB67C8AFEB0">The genus Oligonychus Berlese (Acari, Prostigmata, Tetranychidae): taxonomic assessment and a key to subgenera, species groups, and subgroups</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Mushtaq, Hafiz Muhammad Saqib</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Alatawi, Fahad Jaber</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Acarology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box No. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="53E7C56DD4BC1F1251D8E8628A00FB37">Alatawi, Fahad Jaber</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Kamran, Muhammad</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Acarology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box No. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePart id="18B458BCDBA8ACF703AE6069A2E4D51F">Kamran, Muhammad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Flechtmann, Carlos Holger Wenzel</mods:namePart>
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11.
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Ma &amp; Yuan, 1980: 43.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Cunninghamia lanceolate</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="A6D29BACBE93DE2DCC09FCD7A1CC8169" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Host and distribution.</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="2415351346E8C19F4DBDB6C093B0922C" class="Coniferopsida" family="Taxodiaceae" genus="Cunninghamia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cunninghamia lanceolate" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Gymnospermae" rank="species" species="lanceolate">
<emphasis id="C0005E7DA510DF0C2C655C4787BBFA6B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Cunninghamia lanceolate</emphasis>
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(
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); China.
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus jiangxiensis</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="9DF989EEAA4C936FC6E44FC895E6CF1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="8F5AC4B2FC9CC701A814DC2F55F317E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus jiangxiensis</emphasis>
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Ma &amp; Yuan was briefly described from females only without detailed morphological characterization, and details of the male were absent. The authors did not compare it with any other closely distributed or closely related
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oligonychus</emphasis>
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species, but instead compared it with
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. endytus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="A3A7790F5A85CF73D61F3B8D841FA062" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. endytus</emphasis>
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described from the United States on
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Quercus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="DEF40037FCE26D0DA402D6230B3615E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Quercus</emphasis>
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sp. (
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) (
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). Recently,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.6.10" author="Li, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematic and Applied Acarology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1071 - 1106" refId="B85" refString="Li, J, Yi, TC, Guo, JJ, Jin, DC, 2019. Redescription of three species of Oligonychus (Acari, Tetranychidae) from China. Systematic and Applied Acarology 24: 1071 - 1106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.6.10" title="Redescription of three species of Oligonychus (Acari, Tetranychidae) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.6.10" volume="24" year="2019">Li et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitation id="EBF7FD3C62970379270F554F4C3168EA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.6.10" author="Li, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematic and Applied Acarology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="1071 - 1106" refId="B85" refString="Li, J, Yi, TC, Guo, JJ, Jin, DC, 2019. Redescription of three species of Oligonychus (Acari, Tetranychidae) from China. Systematic and Applied Acarology 24: 1071 - 1106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.6.10" title="Redescription of three species of Oligonychus (Acari, Tetranychidae) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.6.10" volume="24" year="2019">Li et al. (2019)</bibRefCitation>
observed the type material of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. jiangxiensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D2659F4B7D4DE06597EF256315EADEC7" lsidName="O. jiangxiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="jiangxiensis">
<emphasis id="AEC526AAB09A3CEEFDB3BE4C32C8C138" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. jiangxiensis</emphasis>
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, but did not re-describe or confirm its actual taxonomic status. The species identity of
<taxonomicName lsidName="O. jiangxiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="jiangxiensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. jiangxiensis</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="A4AB2A5C4576919F96DF1EEA54C4A9D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">O. jiangxiensis</emphasis>
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will be clear after collecting and describing the male from the type host and locality.
</paragraph>

147
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<mods:title id="A5EB055EDC97929FE40324FD5AAC4556">The Phanuromyiagaleata species group (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae, Telenominae): shining a lantern into an unexplored corner of Neotropical diversity</mods:title>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903440" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:99ACD36B-BD3C-4B7D-BF87-4780C014CFCD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA6FE675F19F5188594A985B9B813142" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/99ACD36B-BD3C-4B7D-BF87-4780C014CFCD" authority="Nesheim" class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia krossotos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krossotos">
<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="87" start="start">Phanuromyia</pageBreakToken>
<treatment id="FA6FE675F19F5188594A985B9B813142" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127903440" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:99ACD36B-BD3C-4B7D-BF87-4780C014CFCD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA6FE675F19F5188594A985B9B813142" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" scope_family="Platygastridae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Telenominae">
<subSubSection id="871C897D6A1EFBA1F923CF663B260267" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E05102A96BC95136614FB55252DC8371" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="164FC6109C2630578EA33202D12D0B90" LSID="http://zoobank.org/99ACD36B-BD3C-4B7D-BF87-4780C014CFCD" authority="Nesheim" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia krossotos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krossotos">
<pageBreakToken id="83B3C99D4769B1CDCA1785C93097356A" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" start="start">Phanuromyia</pageBreakToken>
krossotos Nesheim
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="16" pageNumber="87">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2118E8CEFCF2A41F3EE66B70E366135" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figures 55-60
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Male body length: 1.46 mm (n=1).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: without rugosity. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with setiferous punctures only medially.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="16" pageNumber="87">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">
<subSubSection id="3EC0F1BCED5CD71EF25D1D1E5DA2A0D3" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="48A7857A59FA85CBCA1254964D1E76A8" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4177F05D890FD6DE0BCCE028B388C1DF" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Male body length: 1.46 mm (n=1).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE6FE5D9DC51507A751CA89FEC790767" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Median keel on frons: absent. Sculpture of lower frons: without rugosity. Shape of mandible: slender. Median tooth of mandible: diminished. Frons below median ocellus: with setiferous punctures only medially.</paragraph>
<caption id="B6B677771FF90436467B99B9454831FE" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">
<paragraph id="455E5C4790D3CB987D7C8A28EC6FB546" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">
Figures 55-60.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia krossotos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krossotos">Phanuromyia krossotos</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="700B47A7CD33C4034423574CC452DCDF" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia krossotos" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="krossotos">Phanuromyia krossotos</taxonomicName>
♂ (OSUC550046), 55 Lateral habitus 56 Dorsal habitus 57 Head, mesosoma, lateral view 58 Head, mesosoma, dorsal view 59 Head, mouthparts, anteroventral view 60 Metasoma, lateral view. Scale bar in millimeters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: evenly costate across anterior 1/3 to 1/2, smooth in remaining apical portion. Posterior margin of T2: only slightly concave. Number of visible terga past T2: 5. Setation on T2: consisting of thick patches of lateral setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00B187C9072F150ECAFB2921E0989AE5" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Sculpture on posterior half of mesoscutum: coriaceous to rugulose, at most with fine irregular longitudinal sculpture. Sculpture of anterior half of mesoscutellum: rugose-punctate. Thin median foliaceous lamella on propodeum: absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E7CEAB37E78490705A35668DC5288CBF" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Color of coxae: bright yellow, concolorous with legs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E136F4920C4BC89304BBB8850E118C19" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">T1: flat, at most slightly swollen. Anterior margin of T2: with costae or foveolae throughout its width. T2 sculpture: with neither transverse series of small punctures nor scrobiculate lateral areas. Sculpture of T1: evenly costate across anterior 1/3 to 1/2, smooth in remaining apical portion. Posterior margin of T2: only slightly concave. Number of visible terga past T2: 5. Setation on T2: consisting of thick patches of lateral setae.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="87" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia krossotos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krossotos">Phanuromyia krossotos</taxonomicName>
<subSubSection id="2F77C33C8140B0219F56CC0B9B9F0049" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E4283177CF58C7C51A9AF475F87496B7" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0FB3694468DC5A4CFF5DE94EEB793611" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="AEBE297E896329333955F8FA96296E8D" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia krossotos" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="krossotos">Phanuromyia krossotos</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the thick lateral patches of setae on T2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="87" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">
<subSubSection id="5283C165A512FEE0B553E01B3CBAA4D6" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="181BAF873CDD3E5F91CA5EC7D694C72E" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="864E4D639EE0017D18373E9963DBB7A4" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">
The name
<taxonomicName genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha krossotos" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="krossotos">krossotos</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="B6BE1F8FF5FE45759A34973095A4FB46" genus="Auchenorrhyncha" lsidName="Auchenorrhyncha krossotos" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="krossotos">krossotos</taxonomicName>
is derived from the Greek word for fringed because this species has a distinctive fringe of lateral setae on T2. This name is to be used as an adjective.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="87" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=389330]</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="2FBE0366E4C4705A3861AB952481768F" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="48BAE17AAE0F3CE3DF38BD0F42E281B0" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Link to distribution map.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="16CA2FFBCD9F4C81DCD08679546772B4" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">[http://hol.osu.edu/map-full.html?id=389330]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">
<subSubSection id="68B812A285D87E939DE333514F5BAD4F" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CE7B00445DAA1498AC51C544E2B1A4BB" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="12F51E677E20A87FBC94F7C3B064982B" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">
Holotype, male: ECUADOR:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sucumbíos">Sucumbios</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="145AC5238734DFDF9F0DBF6F9E779E01" originalValue="Sucumbíos">Sucumbios</normalizedToken>
Prov., Napo River, 290m,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.083333336">00°05'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="D8F7DD2DD518A1D4FDAEDF94E940C098" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.083333336">00°05'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.083336">76°05'W</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="BB2655A7587D6D1EE7002684E61BBE4C" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.083336">76°05'W</geoCoordinate>
, Sacha Lodge, 14.
<normalizedToken originalValue="III–">III-</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="28A00BD421751CC760DF7CC5C101185B" originalValue="III–">III-</normalizedToken>
24.III.1994, Malaise trap, P. Hibbs, OSUC550046 (deposited in CNCI).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="87" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="87">
<subSubSection id="C71F4E0C2738603B90049EDA39EB3C60" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" type="comments">
<paragraph id="03CE69FCD6EE5C05F9FF482CFDB9377C" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D72FC74CAECE28D04C45470462522A45" pageId="16" pageNumber="87">
This species most closely resembles
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dissidens" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="dissidens">P. dissidens</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="3F48B0F322F0004925C0A944D32F26CF" lsidName="P. dissidens" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="dissidens">P. dissidens</taxonomicName>
. This species most closely resembles
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dissidens" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="dissidens">P. dissidens</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="F48CEEC77DED819E67C52A6BFDC1D2BD" lsidName="P. dissidens" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="dissidens">P. dissidens</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName class="Hexapoda" family="Platygastridae" genus="Phanuromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phanuromyia krossotos" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krossotos">Phanuromyia krossotos</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="E2E41C501F7B36D6278FB8E357395C0E" genus="Phanuromyia" lsidName="Phanuromyia krossotos" pageId="16" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="krossotos">Phanuromyia krossotos</taxonomicName>
may be distinguished by the presence of patches of setae on laterally on T2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>