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<document id="8B4ABB0AC44A86DF65A5900DFCA6B5DE" ID-DOI="10.5070/P9401362375" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-ZooBank="EE96562A-AEB9-4E4C-AAAF-036F41D8D3EF" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1712167387144" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kiernan, Caitlin R. & Ebersole, Jun A." docDate="2023" docId="03964C6FFF88673DFF5A12FA840FFE1D" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.40.13.1-28.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 40 (13)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p9401362375" docStyle="DocumentStyle:76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81.3:PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Ectenosaurus shannoni Kiernan & Ebersole 2023, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docUuid="4D791F56-9245-41CF-9290-2A0AA0F7C6DA" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="FFAF3417FF99672AFFAC1461872FFFB2" masterDocTitle="Two new plioplatecarpine mosasaurs (Mosasauridae; Plioplatecarpinae) of the genus Ectenosaurus from the Upper Cretaceous of North America" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1727997956931" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0E37846CF0A26BECBB239E904C42CC3E">
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<mods:title id="B6253F517017114B12F78EEC9F482C43">Two new plioplatecarpine mosasaurs (Mosasauridae; Plioplatecarpinae) of the genus Ectenosaurus from the Upper Cretaceous of North America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7CB38372E5D25ED19E92FDEBFA533FC5">Kiernan, Caitlin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D7214BEF447A5A86624A146EB7340129">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="07E1430194A7940F5673AFFC062E4888">Ebersole, Jun A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="86C0D1DAFC90D4E4E65FD6245C5387E3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3C9AA1C7DC04C34E2C51516583CAB5A7">PaleoBios</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="865E8B2F05CA86DD5DE0C8348A58B49A">
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<mods:date id="21833FAB0911CD3CE22764D28D6A2731">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E77CD9E583FE11EF01F2E268B9E89CFA">2023-10-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ABB4FE0D8C05A636642B23183CEA7B7D">13</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="0F7F3D6D192732CBE14459B36090678A">http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p9401362375</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="35149FAF5D50D0BB70988040EFFC3888">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1BA329BD3AA570E7B985624CDF5B5B4B" type="DOI">10.5070/P9401362375</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="06052074EDD40AF8DA1F2D02652E8350" type="ISSN">0031-0298</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03964C6FFF88673DFF5A12FA840FFE1D" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4D791F56-9245-41CF-9290-2A0AA0F7C6DA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03964C6FFF88673DFF5A12FA840FFE1D" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF88673BFF5A12FA85B4F904" box="[246,667,1691,1719]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF88673BFF5A12FA85B4F904" blockId="17.[246,667,1691,1753]" box="[246,667,1691,1719]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
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<heading id="D0C84A15FF88673BFF5A12FA85B4F904" allCaps="true" box="[246,667,1691,1719]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" reason="2">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFF5A12FA856DF905" authority="Kiernan & Ebersole, 2023" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[246,578,1691,1719]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shannoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFF5A12FA856DF905" box="[246,578,1691,1719]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">ECTENOSAURUS SHANNONI</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2789C10FF88673BFDE412FF85B4F904" box="[584,667,1694,1718]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF88673BFE2A12A08509F8D2" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF88673BFE2A12A08525F96B" blockId="17.[246,667,1691,1753]" box="[390,522,1729,1753]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF88673BFE2A12A08525F96B" box="[390,522,1729,1753]" captionStart-0="Figure 11" captionStart-1="Figure 12" captionStart-2="Figure 13" captionStartId-0="19.[112,183,1882,1904]" captionStartId-1="21.[112,183,748,770]" captionStartId-2="22.[111,186,1613,1637]" captionTargetBox-0="[170,1477,207,1856]" captionTargetBox-1="[140,1486,216,722]" captionTargetBox-2="[155,1477,208,1581]" captionTargetId-0="figure-71@19.[143,1499,192,1870]" captionTargetId-1="figure-544@21.[117,1515,189,736]" captionTargetId-2="figure-115@22.[128,1499,191,1601]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-2="22" captionText-0="Figure 11. Ectenosaurus shannoni sp. nov., ALMNH:Paleo:5452. A, B. Frontal in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C, D. Parietal in dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: POF, excavation for postorbitofrontal; PRF, excavation for prefrontal; VSR, ventral separation ridge. Scale bars=5 cm." captionText-1="Figure 12: Ectenosaurus shannoni sp. nov., ALMNH:Paleo:5452. A–D. Left quadrate fragment with suprastapedial-infrastapedial contact in posterior (A), anterior/interior (B), lateral (C), and medial (D) views. Arrow indicates interior flange of infrastapedial process. Scale bar=2 cm." captionText-2="Figure 13: Ectenosaurus shannoni sp. nov., ALMNH:Paleo:5452. A–C. Right splenial in lateral (A), medial (B), and posterior (C) views. D, E. Right coronoid in lateral (D) and medial (E) views. F. Laser scan of cast of right coronoid of ALMNH:Paleo:5452 in posteromedial view. G. Cervical vertebra in ventral view. H. Caudal vertebra in ventral view. Scale bars for A–F=5 cm. Scale bar for G=4 cm." pageId="17" pageNumber="16">FIGS. 11–13</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF88673BFF3C1293853DF882" blockId="17.[112,799,1778,1840]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFF3C1293864CF8BE" bold="true" box="[144,355,1778,1804]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
Zoobank
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF88673BFEA512938667F8BE" box="[265,328,1778,1804]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">LSID</collectionCode>
|
||||
—
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4D791F56- 9245-41CF-9290-A0AA0F7C6DA.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF88673BFFDC13258509F8D2" blockId="17.[112,550,1860,1888]" box="[112,550,1860,1888]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
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||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFFDC13258626F8D2" box="[112,265,1860,1888]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Ectenosauru</emphasis>
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s sp. in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF88673BFEC813248509F8D2" author="Kiernan, C. R." box="[356,550,1861,1888]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="91 - 103" refId="ref15209" refString="Kiernan, C. R. 2002. Stratigraphic distribution and habitat segregation of mosasaurs in the Upper Cretaceous of western and central Alabama, with an historical review of Alabama mosasaur discoveries. Journal of Vertebrae Paleontology 22 (1): 91 - 103. [https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2002) 022 [0091: SDA HSO] 2.0. CO; 2]." type="journal article" year="2002">Kiernan (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF88673BFF3C131484DAF99F" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF88673BFF3C131484DAF99F" blockId="17.[144,800,1909,1936]" lastBlockId="17.[832,1521,813,1933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFF3C13148606F83D" bold="true" box="[144,297,1909,1935]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis—</emphasis>
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||||
A medium-sized plioplatecarpine mosasaur referable to a new species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFB0B174C8264FCFB" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1967" box="[1191,1355,813,841]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFB0B174C8264FCFB" box="[1191,1355,813,841]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Ectenosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||||
based on the structure of the frontal, which possesses the following characteristics: a) a dorsal surface entirely lacking a median ridge, but with transverse doming anteriorly; b) a parietal dorsal table with rounded lateral margins and lacking parasagittal crest; c) a splenial with an elliptical posterior articulating surface. The species can be further distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFB1B104582DFFBF2" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1207,1520,1060,1088]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
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<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFB1B104582DFFBF2" box="[1207,1520,1060,1088]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Ectenosaurus clidastoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF88673BFCDF10288483FBD1" box="[883,940,1097,1123]" country="South Korea" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sv00-20xv" name="Sangmiung University" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">SMU</collectionCode>
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7650 by the simpler contact between the frontal and parietal and by a relatively shorter frontal. It can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFB8010EC83C0FB1B" box="[1068,1263,1165,1193]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">
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||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFB8010EC83C0FB1B" box="[1068,1263,1165,1193]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">E. everhartorum</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFA8A10EC82E1FB1B" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1318,1486,1165,1193]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
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||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFA8A10EC82E1FB1B" box="[1318,1486,1165,1193]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">E. clidastoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the form of the posterior terminus of the splenial, which is neither square nor rounded, but elliptical. Characteristics separating
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFBBE10968203FAA1" authority="Kiernan & Ebersole, 2023" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[1042,1324,1271,1299]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shannoni" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFBBE10968203FAA1" box="[1042,1324,1271,1299]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Ectenosaurus shannoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2789C10FF88673BFA9F109882BFFAA1" box="[1331,1424,1271,1299]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFA75109684FEFA84" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes">
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||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFA75109684FEFA84" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">E. tlemonectes</emphasis>
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||||
</taxonomicName>
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include the absence of a median ridge on the frontal in
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<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFC6D115C837DFAEB" box="[961,1106,1341,1369]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFC6D115C8362FAEB" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[961,1101,1341,1369]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shannoni">E shannoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
the general ventral morphology of the frontal, a more elaborate sutural mode of contact between the coronoid and surangular in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFAF011E582DFFA12" box="[1372,1520,1412,1440]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFAF011E582C4FA12" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[1372,1515,1412,1440]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shannoni">E shannoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
the differences in the splenio-angular joint between the two taxa, and a greater degree of fusion between the supra- and infrastapedial processes of the quadrate in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFCEC127084DAF99F" box="[832,1013,1553,1581]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFCEC127084C0F99F" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[832,1007,1553,1581]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes">E. tlemonectes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF886738FCCC12548546FC51" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF886738FCCC12548642FE03" blockId="17.[832,1521,813,1933]" lastBlockId="18.[112,801,195,1277]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B57F724FF886738FCCC12548642FE03" collectionCode="ALMNH" county="Paleo" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="17" location="Other" municipality="Much" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" specimenCode="V1048" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFCCC125484D4F9FD" bold="true" box="[864,1019,1589,1615]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="548443DBFF88673BFCCC125484F4F9FD" box="[864,987,1589,1615]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
—
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF88673BFC5712548341F9E2" box="[1019,1134,1589,1616]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="62E185F5FF88673BFBDD1254839AF9E2" box="[1137,1205,1589,1616]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Paleo</collectingCounty>
|
||||
:5452 consists of several bones from a disarticulated skull and axial skeleton, including the frontal, parietal, right splenial, right coronoid, a fragment of the left quadrate, numerous indeterminate skull fragments, an incomplete scapula, and several badly weathered vertebrae, including five cervicals, thirteen dorsals, five pygals, and four caudals.
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE46703FF88673BFAA21369827CF890" box="[1294,1363,1800,1826]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Much</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
of the specimen is weathered, especially the scapula and vertebrae, probably as a result of prolonged exposure to the elements before collection.
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF88673BFBCF13138386F83E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF88673DFF5A12FA840FFE1D:8EE0ABA2FF88673BFBCF13138386F83E" box="[1123,1193,1906,1932]" county="Paleo" municipality="Much" name="Other" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Alabama">Other</location>
|
||||
than subaerial weathering, the specimen is well preserved, lacking crushing and plastic deformation.
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FED714878684FEB2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF88673DFF5A12FA840FFE1D:8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FED714878684FEB2" box="[379,427,230,256]" county="Paleo" municipality="Much" name="The" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Alabama">The</location>
|
||||
specimen was originally deposited in the collections of the
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FDB4156885D2FE91" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF88673DFF5A12FA840FFE1D:8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FDB4156885D2FE91" box="[536,765,265,291]" county="Paleo" municipality="Much" name="Geological Survey" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Alabama">Geological Survey</location>
|
||||
of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="49FB339BFF8B6738FFDC154D87F1FEF4" box="[112,222,300,326]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||||
under the catalog number GSA
|
||||
<date id="FF81DBB9FF8B6738FDD8154C85E8FEF5" box="[628,711,301,327]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" value="1048-05">
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DB995502FF8B6738FDD8154C85E8FEF5" box="[628,711,301,327]" collectionCode="V" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">V1048</specimenCode>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
, but in 2005 was transferred to the
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8B6738FE6415318505FED8" box="[456,554,336,362]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF8B6738FD961531879EFE3F" author="Ebersole, J. A. & L. S. Dean" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="3 - 45" refId="ref14550" refString="Ebersole, J. A., and L. S. Dean. 2013. The history of Late Cretaceous vertebrate research in Alabama. Bulletin Alabama Museum of Natural History 31 (1): 3 - 45." type="journal article" year="2013">Ebersole and Dean 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) and subsequently assigned a new catalog number,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8B6738FFDC15F787CDFE03" box="[112,226,406,433]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8B6738FF3C15D88546FC51" blockId="18.[112,801,195,1277]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8B6738FF3C15D88668FE61" bold="true" box="[144,327,441,467]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Occurrence—</emphasis>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B57F724FF8B6738FEEB15D8854AFC51" collectingDate="1976-11" collectionCode="T, R" collectorName=" S. W. Shannon & J. Kidd " country="United States of America" county="Greene County" location="lower Campanian" municipality="Arcola Limestone Member" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="T22, R1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alabama">
|
||||
<collectorName id="26CA98AFFF8B6738FEEB15D88658FE61" box="[327,375,441,467]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">The</collectorName>
|
||||
specimen was collected in
|
||||
<date id="FF81DBB9FF8B6738FD1215DB87CFFE44" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" value="1976-11">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFC52251FF8B6738FD1215DB87CFFE44" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" value="1976-11">November 1976</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<collectorName id="26CA98AFFF8B6738FEAB15BC8684FE44" box="[263,427,476,503]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">S.W. Shannon</collectorName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectorName id="26CA98AFFF8B6738FE4815BC851DFE44" box="[484,562,476,503]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">J. Kidd</collectorName>
|
||||
from erosional gullies within the lower 21 meters of the unnamed member of the
|
||||
<collectorName id="26CA98AFFF8B6738FF16164286A5FD8F" box="[186,394,547,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Mooreville Chalk</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectorName id="26CA98AFFF8B6738FE3B16428517FD8F" box="[407,568,547,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Selma Group</collectorName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FDED16428433FD8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF88673DFF5A12FA840FFE1D:8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FDED16428433FD8F" box="[577,796,547,573]" country="United States of America" county="Greene County" municipality="Arcola Limestone Member" name="lower Campanian" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Alabama">lower Campanian</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FFDC16268661FDD2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF88673DFF5A12FA840FFE1D:8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FFDC16268661FDD2" box="[112,334,582,609]" country="United States of America" county="Greene County" municipality="Arcola Limestone Member" name="Upper Cretaceous" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Alabama">Upper Cretaceous</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF8B6738FEFB16278682FDD2" box="[343,429,582,608]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[110,181,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[202,1418,204,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-64@7.[155,1457,192,1894]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A-C. Frontal in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Detail of olfactory canal. Abbreviations: POF, excavation for postorbitofrontal; PRF, excavation for prefrontal; VSR, ventral separation ridge. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), located in the NE 1/4, SE 1/4 of
|
||||
<collectorName id="26CA98AFFF8B6738FF2116088793FD31" box="[141,188,617,643]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Sec.</collectorName>
|
||||
30,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DB995502FF8B6738FF4716088634FD31" box="[235,283,617,643]" collectionCode="T" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">T22</specimenCode>
|
||||
N,
|
||||
<specimenCode id="DB995502FF8B6738FE9616088674FD31" box="[314,347,617,643]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">R1</specimenCode>
|
||||
E.,
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="62E185F5FF8B6738FED21608851DFD31" box="[382,562,617,643]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Greene County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="49FB339BFF8B6738FD9616088587FD31" box="[570,680,617,643]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F328BDE9FF8B6738FD1D160885CBFD31" box="[689,740,617,643]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF8B6738FD5E160887B9FD15" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[112,183,1509,1531]" captionTargetBox="[244,1389,216,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-192@4.[225,1403,191,1493]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Geography and Stratigraphy. A. Generalized map of the United States during the Santonian Stage of the Cretaceous (~85 mya) with localities for YPM VP4673 (1) and ALMNH:Paleo:4673 (2). B. Generalized correlation chart of Coniacian to Campanian surface stratigraphy for Kansas and Alabama, USA. Base map data modified from Blakey (2014). Stratigraphic chart modified from Szabo et al. (1988) and Everhart (2014)." pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FF0616ED87F5FD14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF88673DFF5A12FA840FFE1D:8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FF0616ED87F5FD14" box="[170,218,652,678]" country="United States of America" county="Greene County" municipality="Arcola Limestone Member" name="The" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Alabama">The</location>
|
||||
locality has since been reclaimed for farmland and is no longer available for study.
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FD9316D18553FD78" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF88673DFF5A12FA840FFE1D:8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FD9316D18553FD78" box="[575,636,688,714]" country="United States of America" county="Greene County" municipality="Arcola Limestone Member" name="Until" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Alabama">Until</location>
|
||||
recently, the
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FFDC16B2866CFD5F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF88673DFF5A12FA840FFE1D:8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FFDC16B2866CFD5F" box="[112,323,723,749]" country="United States of America" county="Greene County" municipality="Arcola Limestone Member" name="Mooreville Chalk" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Alabama">Mooreville Chalk</location>
|
||||
was subdivided into a thick lower unnamed member and the thin
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FE40169687F3FC81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF88673DFF5A12FA840FFE1D:8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FE40169687F3FC81" country="United States of America" county="Greene County" municipality="Arcola Limestone Member" name="upper Arcola Limestone Member." pageId="18" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Alabama">upper Arcola Limestone Member.</location>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF8B6738FF4C177886E2FC86" author="Gentry, A. D. & C. R. Kiernan & J. F. Parham" box="[224,461,793,820]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref14887" refString="Gentry, A. D., C. R. Kiernan, and J. F. Parham. 2022. A large non-marine turtle from the Upper Cretaceous of Alabama and a review of North American " macrobaenids. " The Anatomical Record 2022: 1 - 20. [https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / ar. 25054]." type="journal article" year="2022">Gentry et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
recognized a basal member of the
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FF6C175D86B9FCE4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF88673DFF5A12FA840FFE1D:8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FF6C175D86B9FCE4" box="[192,406,828,854]" country="United States of America" county="Greene County" municipality="Arcola Limestone Member" name="Mooreville Chalk" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Alabama">Mooreville Chalk</location>
|
||||
, informally designated the
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FD41175D879EFCC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF88673DFF5A12FA840FFE1D:8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FD41175D879EFCC8" country="United States of America" county="Greene County" municipality="Arcola Limestone Member" name="Erie Bend" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Alabama">Erie Bend</location>
|
||||
member.
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FE871701866AFCC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF88673DFF5A12FA840FFE1D:8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FE871701866AFCC8" box="[299,325,864,890]" country="United States of America" county="Greene County" municipality="Arcola Limestone Member" name="In" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Alabama">In</location>
|
||||
this paper "unnamed member" refers specifically to the portion of the
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FDBC17E285CAFC2F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF88673DFF5A12FA840FFE1D:8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FDBC17E285CAFC2F" box="[528,741,899,925]" country="United States of America" county="Greene County" municipality="Arcola Limestone Member" name="Mooreville Chalk" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Alabama">Mooreville Chalk</location>
|
||||
that overlies the contact with the
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FE5D17C7855EFC72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF88673DFF5A12FA840FFE1D:8EE0ABA2FF8B6738FE5D17C7855EFC72" box="[497,625,934,960]" country="United States of America" county="Greene County" municipality="Arcola Limestone Member" name="Erie Bend" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" stateProvince="Alabama">Erie Bend</location>
|
||||
member and underlies the
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE46703FF8B6738FEB717A8854AFC51" box="[283,613,969,995]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Arcola Limestone Member</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF8B6738FF3C178C8505FB4F" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8B6738FF3C178C8505FB4F" blockId="18.[112,801,195,1277]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8B6738FF3C178C8615FBB5" bold="true" box="[144,314,1005,1031]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Etymology—</emphasis>
|
||||
The species epithet
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8B6738FD85178A85B7FBB5" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[553,664,1003,1031]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shannoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8B6738FD85178A85B7FBB5" box="[553,664,1003,1031]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">shannoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
honors the late Samuel Wayne Shannon (1951‒2020) for his contributions to
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="49FB339BFF8B6738FF5F1052864EFBFF" box="[243,353,1075,1101]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||||
Cretaceous vertebrate paleontology throughout the 1970s (see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF8B6738FE131037855BFBC2" author="Shannon, S. W." box="[447,628,1110,1136]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="193 - 1999" refId="ref17100" refString="Shannon, S. W. 1974. Extension of the known range of the Plesiosauria in the Alabama Cretaceous. Southeastern Geology 15 (4): 193 - 1999." type="journal article" year="1974">Shannon 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF8B6738FDD3103785EFFBC3" author="Shannon, S. W." box="[639,704,1110,1137]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" refId="ref17132" refString="Shannon, S. W. 1975. Selected Alabama mosasaurs. Master's Thesis, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF8B6738FD6010378422FBC2" author="Shannon, S. W." box="[716,781,1110,1136]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="84" refId="ref17153" refString="Shannon, S. W. 1977. The occurrence and stratigraphic distribution of mosasaurs in the Upper Cretaceous of west Alabama. Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, Abstracts with Programs, 1977: 84" type="journal article" year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
); also for his co-discovery of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="548443DBFF8B6738FE4E10188560FB21" box="[482,591,1145,1171]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
specimen during graduate work at the University of
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="49FB339BFF8B6738FDBB10FD85A9FB04" box="[535,646,1180,1206]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, Tuscaloosa,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F328BDE9FF8B6738FFDC10A18789FB68" box="[112,166,1216,1242]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, and for his early encouragement of the senior author's interest in the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8B6738FED910828509FB4F" baseAuthorityName="DeBraga and Carroll" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[373,550,1251,1277]" family="Mosasauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Mosasauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF8B673DFFDC117F840FFE1D" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8B6738FFDC117F8621FA8A" blockId="18.[112,270,1310,1336]" box="[112,270,1310,1336]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8B6738FFDC117F8621FA8A" bold="true" box="[112,270,1310,1336]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8B6738FF3C1129824FFD78" blockId="18.[112,800,1352,1943]" lastBlockId="18.[832,1521,195,1943]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8B6738FF3C1129863BFAD6" bold="true" box="[144,276,1352,1380]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Frontal—</emphasis>
|
||||
The frontal of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8B6738FE7511288561FAD6" box="[473,590,1353,1380]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF8B6738FD42112887EDFA35" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[112,183,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1477,207,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-71@19.[143,1499,192,1870]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Ectenosaurus shannoni sp. nov., ALMNH:Paleo:5452. A, B. Frontal in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C, D. Parietal in dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: POF, excavation for postorbitofrontal; PRF, excavation for prefrontal; VSR, ventral separation ridge. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 11A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is essentially complete, but suffered some minor subaerial weathering prior to collection, particularly on its dorsal side. In overall appearance, the frontal is strikingly similar to that of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8B6738FE2811B485EDFA43" box="[388,706,1493,1521]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8B6738FE2811B48592FA43" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[388,701,1493,1521]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">Ectenosaurus clidastoides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
though it is relatively shorter and stouter. Anteriorly, the frontal forms a narrow bifurcate process to enclose the rear of the internarial bar within a V-shaped notch. This process is essentially complete and would have been intermediate in length between that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8B6738FE7E12E48552F913" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[466,637,1669,1697]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8B6738FE7E12E48552F913" box="[466,637,1669,1697]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. clidastoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8B6738FD1A12E48793F976" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8B6738FD1A12E48793F976" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. tlemonectes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(unknown for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8B6738FED912C98512F976" box="[373,573,1704,1732]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8B6738FED912C98512F976" box="[373,573,1704,1732]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. everhartorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
). A median dorsal ridge is completely absent in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8B6738FE6312AD8510F955" box="[463,575,1740,1767]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452, in contrast with
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8B6738FF40128F857DF8B8" box="[236,594,1774,1802]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8B6738FF40128F86B7F8B8" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[236,408,1774,1802]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">E. clidastoides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8B6738FE0C128F8561F8B8" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[416,590,1774,1802]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes">E. tlemonectes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8B6738FD27129185EBF8B8" box="[651,708,1776,1802]" country="South Korea" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sv00-20xv" name="Sangmiung University" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">SMU</collectionCode>
|
||||
76350. Instead, the anteriormost portion of the dorsal surface (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF8B6738FFD5135787CDF8E2" box="[121,226,1846,1872]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[112,183,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1477,207,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-71@19.[143,1499,192,1870]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Ectenosaurus shannoni sp. nov., ALMNH:Paleo:5452. A, B. Frontal in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C, D. Parietal in dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: POF, excavation for postorbitofrontal; PRF, excavation for prefrontal; VSR, ventral separation ridge. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) of the frontal is transversely arched or domed anteriorly, a trait absent in other specimens referred to the genus. This arching gives way to a generally planar dorsal surface, which thickens parasagittaly, then thins abruptly at the antorbital margins, and forms a broad, shallow sulcus posteriorly. Tiny foramina are present across the entire dorsal surface. The posterior sulcus deepens and expands to form a shallow depression that would have met the dorsal parietal table, forming the mesokinetic axis of the skull, movement along which may have been inhibited by a series of short vertical keels and overlapping flanges arising from the posterior margin of the frontal and the anterior margin of the parietal. This mode of contact appears to have been similar to, but simpler and less restrictive than, that seen in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8B6738FA2E162484A0FD36" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8B6738FA2E162484A5FD36" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">E. clidastoides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
where each side of the dorsal table the parietal is overlapped by a posterior projection from the frontal. These projections are absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8B6738FB6116CF8275FD78" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[1229,1370,686,714]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shannoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8B6738FB6116CF8275FD78" box="[1229,1370,686,714]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. shannoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8B6738FCCC16B284E2FB21" blockId="18.[832,1521,195,1943]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
The frontal alae are more prominent than in either
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8B6738FCEC169484C3FCA3" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[832,1004,757,785]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8B6738FCEC169484C3FCA3" box="[832,1004,757,785]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. clidastoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8B6738FBB8169483CDFCA3" box="[1044,1250,757,785]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8B6738FBB8169483F2FCA3" box="[1044,1245,757,785]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">E. everhartorum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
linguiform in outline, and diverge posterolaterally at an angle of about 50˚ from the sagittal plane. There are well-developed supraorbital embayments, as with
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8B6738FBEA173F83C1FCC8" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1094,1262,862,890]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8B6738FBEA173F83C1FCC8" box="[1094,1262,862,890]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">E. clidastoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8B6738FA8A173F82DFFCC8" box="[1318,1520,862,890]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8B6738FA8A173F82C4FCC8" box="[1318,1515,862,890]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">E. everhartorum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and within this embayment the frontal is emgarinate on the orbit. Some asymmetry is present in the frontal of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8B6738FCEC17A8849EFC56" box="[832,945,969,996]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452, and this is especially evident in the relative positions of the antorbital bulges. It is unclear whether this asymmetry is pathological or an artifact of preservation, but given the otherwise well-preserved, undistorted nature of the element, the former seems most likely.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8B6738FCCC10FD8262FA38" blockId="18.[832,1521,195,1943]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
The preserved portion of the frontal measures ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF8B6738FA0F10FC82DFFB05" box="[1443,1520,1181,1207]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
|
||||
in length and is widest at its posterior margins (
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF8B6738FA2E10A182C7FB68" box="[1410,1512,1216,1242]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="13.4">13.4 cm</quantity>
|
||||
) and between the antorbital bulges (~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF8B6738FAA010828259FB4F" box="[1292,1398,1251,1277]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="11.1">11.1 cm</quantity>
|
||||
; a precise measurement is not possible due to the aforementioned asymmetry). The frontal narrows substantially within the supraorbital embayments (
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF8B6738FB22112C83CBFAD5" box="[1166,1252,1357,1383]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" unit="cm" value="8.8">8.8 cm</quantity>
|
||||
), producing a waisted or hour-glass shaped dorsoventral profile.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8B6738FCCC11F28362F8C6" blockId="18.[832,1521,195,1943]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
As mentioned previously, any discussion of the frontal of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8B6738FCF111D4832EFA63" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1967" box="[861,1025,1461,1489]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8B6738FCF111D4832EFA63" box="[861,1025,1461,1489]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Ectenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is severely hampered by the ventral surface of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="548443DBFF8B6738FC6B11BB8302FA46" box="[967,1069,1498,1524]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
frontal being almost completely obscured beneath the left mandible. In
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8B6738FB56119D8245F9A5" box="[1274,1386,1532,1559]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:
|
||||
<collectorName id="26CA98AFFF8B6738FAC2119D829EF9A5" box="[1390,1457,1532,1559]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Paleo</collectorName>
|
||||
:5452 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF8B6738FCE51241849CF988" box="[841,947,1568,1594]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[112,183,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1477,207,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-71@19.[143,1499,192,1870]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Ectenosaurus shannoni sp. nov., ALMNH:Paleo:5452. A, B. Frontal in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C, D. Parietal in dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: POF, excavation for postorbitofrontal; PRF, excavation for prefrontal; VSR, ventral separation ridge. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), the frontal is bisected ventrally by the olfactory canal, which is bordered on either side by prominent descending processes that run roughly parallel before converging abruptly, then immediately diverging where the canal opens to accommodate the olfactory bulb.
|
||||
<collectorName id="26CA98AFFF8B6738FCEC12AE8459F95B" box="[832,886,1743,1769]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">This</collectorName>
|
||||
forms a roughly X-shaped configuration, with the descending processes thickest where they almost meet at the crux of the
|
||||
<collectorName id="26CA98AFFF8B6738FC5F137583F4F89C" box="[1011,1243,1812,1838]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">X. Posteroventrally</collectorName>
|
||||
, a pair of deep grooves bracket an elongated stilliform boss that contacts the frontoparietal suture.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8B673EFCCC131C8563FC72" blockId="18.[832,1521,195,1943]" lastBlockId="20.[112,801,195,1944]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
As in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8B6738FC03131A835FF825" box="[943,1136,1915,1943]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8B6738FC03131A8344F825" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[943,1131,1915,1943]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes">E. tlemonectes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
a narrow transverse ventral separating ridge situated within the supraorbital embayment would have prevented the prefrontal from contacting the postorbitofrontal. While the margins of this ridge are fairly straight in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8D673EFEC7154A8535FEF5" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[363,538,299,327]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8D673EFEC7154A8535FEF5" box="[363,538,299,327]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">E. tlemonectes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and reach the supraorbital rim, in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8D673EFE8C152F8683FED8" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[288,428,334,362]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shannoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8D673EFE8C152F8683FED8" box="[288,428,334,362]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">E. shannoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
they are concave and laterally recurved, allowing the frontal much broader access to the orbit, so that the entire embayment, as well as the antorbital bulge, are emarginate. In
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8D673EFD8815D885BAFE66" box="[548,661,441,468]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452, the wedge is notched anteriorly, providing a shallow fold into which the tongue-shaped supraorbital process of the prefrontal articulates. Unlike the prefrontal, the postorbitofrontal would have been largely excluded from the supraorbital border, its anterior process is enclosed dorsally on three sides within a shallow, boomerang-shaped sulcus, with the separating ridge forming the anterior rim of this sulcus. This approaches the condition present in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8D673EFCA616B087D0FCA3" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8D673EFCA616B087D0FCA3" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">E. clidastoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
more closely than in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8D673EFDAC169485E3FCA3" box="[512,716,757,785]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8D673EFDAC169485E7FCA3" box="[512,712,757,785]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">E. everhartorum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
where the frontal appears to comprise most of the supraorbital border. However, in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8D673EFEC7175A851BFCE5" box="[363,564,827,855]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8D673EFEC7175A851BFCE5" box="[363,564,827,855]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">E. everhartorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
the prefrontal and postorbitofrontal are much more widely separated than in either
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8D673EFF4A17E0865AFC2F" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[230,373,897,925]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shannoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8D673EFF4A17E0865AFC2F" box="[230,373,897,925]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">E. shannoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8D673EFE0F17E0857AFC2F" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[419,597,897,925]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8D673EFE0F17E0857AFC2F" box="[419,597,897,925]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">E. tlemonectes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and the ventral separating ridge appears to be absent.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF40ADF1FF8A6739FFDC133B8674F810" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" startId="19.[112,183,1882,1904]" targetBox="[170,1477,207,1856]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8A6739FFDC133B8674F810" blockId="19.[112,1498,1881,1955]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8A6739FFDC133B87F7F8DD" bold="true" box="[112,216,1882,1904]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Figure 11</emphasis>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8A6739FF4F133886E5F8C2" authority="Kiernan & Ebersole, 2023" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[227,458,1881,1904]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shannoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8A6739FF4F133886E5F8C2" box="[227,458,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Ectenosaurus shannoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2789C10FF8A6739FE63133A8533F8C2" box="[463,540,1883,1904]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, ALMNH:Paleo:5452.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8A6739FD54133B8407F8DD" bold="true" box="[760,808,1882,1903]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">A, B.</emphasis>
|
||||
Frontal in dorsal (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8A6739FC49133B84DAF8DD" bold="true" box="[997,1013,1882,1903]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
|
||||
) and ventral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8A6739FB2A133B83B9F8DD" bold="true" box="[1158,1174,1882,1903]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">B</emphasis>
|
||||
) views.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8A6739FB46133B823CF8DD" bold="true" box="[1258,1299,1882,1904]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">C, D</emphasis>
|
||||
. Parietal in dorsal (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8A6739FFD5131287A8F83B" bold="true" box="[121,135,1907,1929]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
|
||||
) and ventral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8A6739FEB413158606F83B" bold="true" box="[280,297,1908,1929]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">D</emphasis>
|
||||
) views.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8A6739FED11312857FF83B" bold="true" box="[381,592,1907,1929]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">Abbreviations: POF</emphasis>
|
||||
, excavation for postorbitofrontal;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8A6739FC00131584F7F83B" bold="true" box="[940,984,1908,1929]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">PRF</emphasis>
|
||||
, excavation for prefrontal;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8A6739FB461312823AF83B" bold="true" box="[1258,1301,1907,1929]" pageId="19" pageNumber="18">VSR</emphasis>
|
||||
, ventral separation ridge. Scale bars=5 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8D673EFF3C17A9857FF8BF" blockId="20.[112,801,195,1944]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8D673EFF3C17A98635FC56" bold="true" box="[144,282,968,996]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Parietal—</emphasis>
|
||||
Only the incomplete anterior half of the parietal is preserved on
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8D673EFE05178D8536FBB5" box="[425,537,1004,1031]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF8D673EFD1D178D87A7FB98" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[112,183,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1477,207,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-71@19.[143,1499,192,1870]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Ectenosaurus shannoni sp. nov., ALMNH:Paleo:5452. A, B. Frontal in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C, D. Parietal in dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: POF, excavation for postorbitofrontal; PRF, excavation for prefrontal; VSR, ventral separation ridge. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Prior to collection, the parietal split horizontally into dorsal and ventral halves that were subsequently glued together during preparation. The dorsal parietal table (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF8D673EFF111018860BFB21" box="[189,292,1145,1171]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[112,183,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1477,207,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-71@19.[143,1499,192,1870]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Ectenosaurus shannoni sp. nov., ALMNH:Paleo:5452. A, B. Frontal in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C, D. Parietal in dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: POF, excavation for postorbitofrontal; PRF, excavation for prefrontal; VSR, ventral separation ridge. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) can be divided into two regions: a broad anterior subrhomboidal shelf that merges smoothly into an elongate posterior shaft with rounded, parallel sides, which would have branched into the missing suspensorial rami. There is no evidence of a parasagittal ridge. A large subcircular parietal foramen, very slightly longer than wide, is centered on the dorsal table, and set back from the frontoparietal suture by a distance roughly equal to twice its diameter. Dorsally, the position and shape of the foramen compares well with that of both
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8D673EFFDC11B88795FA41" box="[112,186,1497,1523]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5bc7-5n0c" name="Fort Hays Sternberg Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">FHSM</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8D673EFF6D11B887DDFA41" box="[193,242,1497,1523]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">VP-</collectionCode>
|
||||
401 and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8D673EFEF611B886BCFA41" box="[346,403,1497,1523]" country="South Korea" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sv00-20xv" name="Sangmiung University" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">SMU</collectionCode>
|
||||
76350. The surface of the table is planar. Where it would have contacted the frontal, the margin of the dorsal table forms a distinct W-shaped anterior margin, the central peak bounded by short flanges that must have been overlapped dorsally by posteriorly directed projections from the frontal. This is similar but not identical to the condition present in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8D673EFD2812CC8591F975" box="[644,702,1709,1735]" country="South Korea" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sv00-20xv" name="Sangmiung University" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">SMU</collectionCode>
|
||||
76350, where the frontoparietal contact appears to have been more complex (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF8D673EFE9F129286C0F8BF" author="Bell, G. L., Jr. & K. R. Barnes & M. J. Polcyn" box="[307,495,1779,1805]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" pagination="571 - 581" refId="ref13848" refString="Bell, G. L., Jr., K. R. Barnes, and M. J. Polcyn. 2013. Late Cretaceous mosasauroids (Reptilia, Squamata) of the Big Bend region in Texas, USA. The Full Procession: A Celebration of the Life and Career of Wann Langston, Jr. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 103 (3 - 4): 571 - 581. [https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755691013000406]" type="journal article" year="2013">Bell et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; fig. m).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8D673EFF3C13778355FE91" blockId="20.[112,801,195,1944]" lastBlockId="20.[832,1521,195,1944]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
Most of the lateral descending process (descensus processus parietalis of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF8D673EFE2B135985E1F8E0" author="Konishi, T. & M. W. Caldwell" box="[391,718,1848,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" pagination="754 - 783" refId="ref15419" refString="Konishi, T., and M. W. Caldwell. 2011. Two new plioplatecarpine (Squamata, Mosasauridae) genera from the Upper Cretaceous of North America, and a global phylogenetic analysis of the plioplatecarpines. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (4): 754 - 783. [https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2011. 579023]." type="journal article" year="2011">Konishi and Caldwell 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) is not preserved and what is present has been severely crushed. Postorbital processes at the anterolateral corners of the dorsal table appear to have been extremely short, so that the parietal would have contributed little to the anterior supratemporal fenestrae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8D673EFCCC154D8271FCC8" blockId="20.[832,1521,195,1944]" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
The ventral surface of the parietal (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF8D673EFABE154D8253FEF5" box="[1298,1404,300,327]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="19.[112,183,1882,1904]" captionTargetBox="[170,1477,207,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-71@19.[143,1499,192,1870]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 11. Ectenosaurus shannoni sp. nov., ALMNH:Paleo:5452. A, B. Frontal in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C, D. Parietal in dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. Abbreviations: POF, excavation for postorbitofrontal; PRF, excavation for prefrontal; VSR, ventral separation ridge. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is dominated by a large elliptical foramen, at least twice as long as wide, in contrast with its circular dorsal opening. It is unclear whether this dorsoventral variance is an artifact of plastic deformation or accurately reflects the anatomy of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8D673EFCCF15BA84D2FE45" box="[867,1021,475,503]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8D673EFCCF15BA84D6FE45" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[867,1017,475,503]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shannoni">E. shannoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
In
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8D673EFB8015BD83B0FE45" box="[1068,1183,476,503]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452 the foramen is surrounded by a steep-sided, narrow-walled parapet of bone whose borders converge just behind the foramen. The lateral walls of this parapet rise to meet its dorsal rim at a 90˚ angle, and the narrow dorsal rim is planar. This structure corresponds to what was referred to by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF8D673EFA3F16ED84F8FD78" author="Konishi, T. & M. W. Caldwell & T. Nishimura & K. Sakurai & K. Tanoue" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 31" refId="ref15487" refString="Konishi, T., M. W. Caldwell, T. Nishimura, K. Sakurai, and K. Tanoue. 2015. A new halisaurine mosasaur (Squamata; Halisaurinae) from Japan: the first record in the western Pacific realm and the first documented insights into binocular vision in mosasaurs. Journal of Systematic Paleontology 2015: 1 - 31. [https: // doi. or g / 10.1080 / 14772019.2015.1113447]." type="journal article" year="2015">Konishi et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
as the ventral triangular eminence, present in halisaurines and many russellosaurines (though it displays a wide range of variation within both groups), and its existence contradicts Holmes and Sues' (2000: 310) statement that in mosasaurs "the ventral margin of the foramen is not conspicuously raised."
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8D673FFCCC17E0860AFBFB" blockId="20.[832,1521,195,1944]" lastBlockId="21.[112,801,859,1941]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8D673EFCCC17E084D0FC2F" bold="true" box="[864,1023,897,925]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Quadrate—</emphasis>
|
||||
Only a small portion of the left quadrate was collected (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF8D673EFB9317C783F9FC72" box="[1087,1238,934,960]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="21.[112,183,748,770]" captionTargetBox="[140,1486,216,722]" captionTargetId="figure-544@21.[117,1515,189,736]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 12: Ectenosaurus shannoni sp. nov., ALMNH:Paleo:5452. A–D. Left quadrate fragment with suprastapedial-infrastapedial contact in posterior (A), anterior/interior (B), lateral (C), and medial (D) views. Arrow indicates interior flange of infrastapedial process. Scale bar=2 cm." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Fig. 12A‒D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), but it preserves the contact and fusion of the suprastapedial process with the infrastapedial and the presence of a dorsomedially directed flange from the infrastapedial that overlaps the expanded dorsodistal end of the suprastapedial, a trait already mentioned in the description of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8D673EFAE5103682ADFBC3" box="[1353,1410,1111,1137]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673 as unknown in any mosasaur other than
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8D673EFAEA101982DFFB26" box="[1350,1520,1144,1172]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8D673EFAEA101982C3FB26" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1967" box="[1350,1516,1144,1172]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ectenosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Indeed, in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8D673EFC7D10FD8368FB05" box="[977,1095,1180,1207]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452 the contact is better preserved than in any other specimen of the genus previously described and can be viewed in its entirety, allowing for a better understanding of the precise nature of this unique contact, while also suggesting the trait may have been less developed in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8D673EFB07112A8215FAD5" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[1195,1338,1355,1383]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shannoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8D673EFB07112A8215FAD5" box="[1195,1338,1355,1383]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">E. shannoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
than in either
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8D673EFCEC110F84C2FA38" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[832,1005,1390,1418]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8D673EFCEC110F84C2FA38" box="[832,1005,1390,1418]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">E. clidastoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8D673EFBBA110F83E3FA38" box="[1046,1228,1390,1418]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8D673EFBBA110F83E7FA38" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[1046,1224,1390,1418]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes">E. tlemonectes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
In
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8D673EFB5F110E824BFA38" box="[1267,1380,1391,1418]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452, the infrastapedial process forms a delicate cheliform structure that not only overlaps the suprastapedial posterodorsally, but ventrally as well, embracing it in a sort of pincer grip while also creating a cradle that abuts the suprastapedial terminus. Complete fusion between the two processes can only be observed ventromedially (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF8D673EFCE512078495F932" box="[841,954,1638,1664]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="21.[112,183,748,770]" captionTargetBox="[140,1486,216,722]" captionTargetId="figure-544@21.[117,1515,189,736]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 12: Ectenosaurus shannoni sp. nov., ALMNH:Paleo:5452. A–D. Left quadrate fragment with suprastapedial-infrastapedial contact in posterior (A), anterior/interior (B), lateral (C), and medial (D) views. Arrow indicates interior flange of infrastapedial process. Scale bar=2 cm." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). While the full extent of fusion is unclear,, the processes are less extensively fused than in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8D673EFA0612E98494F975" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="19">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8D673EFA0612E98498F975" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">E. clidastoides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The infrastapedial process of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8D673EFAE412CC82ADF975" box="[1352,1410,1709,1735]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF8D673EFCE512B1848EF958" box="[841,929,1744,1770]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[112,183,1614,1636]" captionTargetBox="[172,1437,217,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-185@9.[125,1482,192,1603]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A–C. Left quadrate in medial (A), anterior (B), and posterior (C) views. D–F. Left squamosal in ventral (D), lateral (E), and medial (F) views. Arrow indicates suprastapedial/infrastapedial contact. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="20" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) may have enfolded the suprastapedial in much the same way, but preservation makes this difficult to determine with any certainty; fusion appears to have been more extensive in the Niobrara Chalk specimen. In neither
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8D673EFC08133B833BF8C7" box="[932,1044,1882,1909]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452 nor
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8D673EFB7B133A823FF8C7" box="[1239,1296,1883,1909]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673 does the dorsodistal flange enter the deep, polygonal fossa for insertion of M. depressor mandibulae, but contacts and parallels the fossa's distal rim. In
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8C673FFE57171F8545FC2B" box="[507,618,894,921]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452, the posterior (external) flange is highly vascularized, though the anterior (ventral) flange is not, and there is a distinct bulge along the ventrolateral rim of the suprastapedial process that does not appear in either
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8C673FFDFD106885D1FB97" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[593,766,1033,1061]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFDFD106885D1FB97" box="[593,766,1033,1061]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">E. clidastoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFFDC104C860AFBFB" box="[112,293,1069,1097]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8C673FFFDC104C860EFBFB" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[112,289,1069,1097]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes">E. tlemonectes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF40ADF1FF8C673FFFDC168D87F8FC86" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" startId="21.[112,183,748,770]" targetBox="[140,1486,216,722]" targetPageId="21" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8C673FFFDC168D87F8FC86" blockId="21.[112,1492,747,821]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFFDC168D87CFFCB3" bold="true" box="[112,224,748,770]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Figure 12:</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8C673FFF49168A86E3FCB0" authority="Kiernan & Ebersole, 2023" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[229,460,747,770]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shannoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFF49168A86E3FCB0" box="[229,460,747,770]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Ectenosaurus shannoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2789C10FF8C673FFE7D168C8531FCB0" box="[465,542,749,770]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, ALMNH:Paleo:5452.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFD56168D8409FCB3" bold="true" box="[762,806,748,769]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">A–D</emphasis>
|
||||
. Left quadrate fragment with suprastapedial-infrastapedial contact in posterior (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFF5B17648628FCA8" bold="true" box="[247,263,773,794]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">A</emphasis>
|
||||
), anterior/interior (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFE7B176786C8FCA9" bold="true" box="[471,487,774,795]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
|
||||
), lateral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFDE617648577FCA9" bold="true" box="[586,600,773,795]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">C</emphasis>
|
||||
), and medial (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFD47176785D3FCA9" bold="true" box="[747,764,774,795]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">D</emphasis>
|
||||
) views. Arrow indicates interior flange of infrastapedial process. Scale bar=2 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8C673FFF3C102E8677F899" blockId="21.[112,801,859,1941]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFF3C102E8639FBD9" bold="true" box="[144,278,1103,1131]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Splenial—</emphasis>
|
||||
Much of the right splenial is preserved (Fig. 13A‒C), including the base of the lateral ala. As the medial ala has been lost, it is only possible to approximate the true shape of the articular face at the intramandibular joint, which appears to have formed an elongated rhombus. The "robust, dorsomedially expanding flange" reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF8C673FFEAB11458521FA8D" author="Willman, A. J. & T. Konishi & M. W. Caldwell" box="[263,526,1316,1343]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" pagination="741 - 755" refId="ref18000" refString="Willman, A. J., T. Konishi, and M. W. Caldwell. 2021. A new species of Ectenosaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from western Kansas, USA, reveals a novels suite of osteological characters for the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 58 (9): 741 - 755. [https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2020 - 0175]." type="journal article" year="2021">Willman et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
for both
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8C673FFDD01142840FFA8D" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1967" box="[636,800,1315,1343]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFDD01142840FFA8D" box="[636,800,1315,1343]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Ectenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8C673FFFDC11278636FAD0" box="[112,281,1350,1378]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFFDC11278636FAD0" box="[112,281,1350,1378]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">everhartorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFEFD112786D0FAD0" box="[337,511,1350,1378]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8C673FFEFD112786D4FAD0" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[337,507,1350,1378]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">E. clidastoides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
giving a squarish shape to the articulating surface in those species, is absent in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8C673FFFDC11EF87CDFA1B" box="[112,226,1422,1449]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452. While the splenio-angular joint in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8C673FFFDC11D087CFFA7E" box="[112,224,1457,1484]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452 is simpler than that of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8C673FFDD511D3859DFA7E" box="[633,690,1458,1484]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673, it would still have been more complex than the ball-and-socket condyle/cotyle arrangement often used as a blanket characterization of this joint in mosasaurs (see discussion above). Instead, the articular face is divided into a broad vertical keel positioned just medial to its center and a sulcus located between the lower terminus of the keel and the medioventral rim of the splenial; these would have received matching structures from the angular. A well-defined longitudinal ridge marks the base of the lateral wing.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8C673FFF3C135284D1FA7E" blockId="21.[112,801,859,1941]" lastBlockId="21.[832,1521,857,1941]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFF3C1352860AF8FD" bold="true" box="[144,293,1843,1871]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Coronoid—</emphasis>
|
||||
The majority of the right coronoid (Fig. 13D‒F) is preserved, though it should be noted that some portions have been heavily restored with plaster by G.L. Bell, Jr. (M.J. Polcyn
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFB1E173882C0FCC7" box="[1202,1519,857,885]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">personal communication</emphasis>
|
||||
2022). Fortunately, the restored portions are unpainted and easily discernible from the fossil itself. As in most russellosaurines, the coronoid is a short, saddle-shaped wedge of bone straddling the anterior rim of the surangular and forming a posteromedial sutural contact with a buttress on the surangular (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF8C673FFB14104F826CFBFB" box="[1208,1347,1070,1097]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="22.[111,186,1613,1637]" captionTargetBox="[155,1477,208,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-115@22.[128,1499,191,1601]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 13: Ectenosaurus shannoni sp. nov., ALMNH:Paleo:5452. A–C. Right splenial in lateral (A), medial (B), and posterior (C) views. D, E. Right coronoid in lateral (D) and medial (E) views. F. Laser scan of cast of right coronoid of ALMNH:Paleo:5452 in posteromedial view. G. Cervical vertebra in ventral view. H. Caudal vertebra in ventral view. Scale bars for A–F=5 cm. Scale bar for G=4 cm." pageId="21" pageNumber="20">Fig. 13E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This sutural contact is more complex in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8C673FFB3510308226FBDE" box="[1177,1289,1105,1132]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452 than in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8C673FFCEC10148456FB3D" box="[832,889,1141,1167]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673 and even more so than in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8C673FFA97101482AAFB3D" box="[1339,1413,1141,1167]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5bc7-5n0c" name="Fort Hays Sternberg Museum" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">FHSM</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8C673FFA2210148290FB3D" box="[1422,1471,1141,1167]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">VP-</collectionCode>
|
||||
401, with the interdigitating grooves and ridges being more numerous and more closely spaced. Based on the right coronoid figured in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF8C673FFB9D10BF8202FB4A" author="Willman, A. J. & T. Konishi & M. W. Caldwell" box="[1073,1325,1246,1273]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" pagination="741 - 755" refId="ref18000" refString="Willman, A. J., T. Konishi, and M. W. Caldwell. 2021. A new species of Ectenosaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from western Kansas, USA, reveals a novels suite of osteological characters for the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 58 (9): 741 - 755. [https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2020 - 0175]." type="journal article" year="2021">Willman et al. (2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
: fig. 11b), it also appears more complex than in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8C673FFB741160820CFAA9" box="[1240,1315,1281,1307]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5bc7-5n0c" name="Fort Hays Sternberg Museum" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">FHSM</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8C673FFA821160824FFAAE" box="[1326,1376,1281,1308]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">VP-</collectionCode>
|
||||
5515. However, until more careful examinations of the latter two specimens can be conducted, as well as comparison with the Big Bend specimen (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8C673FFBDD110A8381FA37" box="[1137,1198,1387,1413]" country="South Korea" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sv00-20xv" name="Sangmiung University" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">SMU</collectionCode>
|
||||
76350), we consider this feature in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8C673FFC1111EF8302FA1B" box="[957,1069,1422,1449]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452 a provisional apomorphy for
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFCC711D184D1FA7E" box="[875,1022,1456,1484]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8C673FFCC711D184D5FA7E" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[875,1018,1456,1484]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shannoni">E. shannoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8C673CFCCC11B485C5F888" blockId="21.[832,1521,857,1941]" lastBlockId="22.[112,800,1753,1956]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
In
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8C673FFCD211B584C1FA5D" box="[894,1006,1492,1519]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452, the posterior crest of the coronoid is taller than in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFBE4119783D2F9A0" box="[1096,1277,1526,1554]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8C673FFBE4119783D6F9A0" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[1096,1273,1526,1554]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes">E. tlemonectes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
but less developed than in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFC0512788347F987" box="[937,1128,1561,1589]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8C673FFC051278834EF987" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[937,1121,1561,1589]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">E. clidastoides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and incomplete preservation makes it difficult to compare with
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8C673FFB78125F8232F9EA" box="[1236,1309,1598,1624]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5bc7-5n0c" name="Fort Hays Sternberg Museum" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">FHSM</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8C673FFA8D125F827DF9EB" box="[1313,1362,1598,1625]" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">VP-</collectionCode>
|
||||
5515. The anterior bifurcation is less developed than in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8C673FFAEC120182DEF9CE" box="[1344,1521,1632,1660]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="20">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8C673FFAEC120182C2F9CE" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[1344,1517,1632,1660]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes">E. tlemonectes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and is more dorsally located. In
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8C673FFB4112E5824EF92D" box="[1261,1377,1668,1695]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="20" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452, the lateral descending wing (largely restored) is a thin, relatively delicate, ventrally-directed process, while the medial descending wing is much shorter and ventromedially directed, forming a stout, triangular wedge in anteroposterior cross-section. Though it is clear the lateral wing was shorter than the medial, the precise difference cannot be determined due to the incompleteness of the latter. Numerous foramina are present within the ventral fold and, as in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8F673CFEB0129C867AF8A5" box="[284,341,1789,1815]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673, are especially prominent on the interior surface of the medial descending wing.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF40ADF1FF8F673CFFC3122C87B9F903" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" startId="22.[111,186,1613,1637]" targetBox="[155,1477,208,1581]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8F673CFFC3122C87B9F903" blockId="22.[111,1513,1613,1713]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8F673CFFC3122C87CBF9D7" bold="true" box="[111,228,1613,1637]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Figure 13:</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8F673CFF46122E86F1F9D5" authority="Kiernan & Ebersole, 2023" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[234,478,1615,1639]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shannoni" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8F673CFF46122E86F1F9D5" box="[234,478,1615,1639]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Ectenosaurus shannoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2789C10FF8F673CFE48122F851BF9D7" box="[484,564,1614,1637]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, ALMNH:Paleo:5452.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8F673CFCB2122C8466F9D7" bold="true" box="[798,841,1613,1637]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">A–C</emphasis>
|
||||
. Right splenial in lateral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8F673CFBF1122C8341F9D7" bold="true" box="[1117,1134,1613,1637]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">A</emphasis>
|
||||
), medial (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8F673CFB77122F83C4F9D4" bold="true" box="[1243,1259,1614,1638]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">B</emphasis>
|
||||
), and posterior (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8F673CFA0E122C829EF9D7" bold="true" box="[1442,1457,1613,1637]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">C</emphasis>
|
||||
) views.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8F673CFF15120687CAF9CD" bold="true" box="[185,229,1639,1663]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">D, E</emphasis>
|
||||
. Right coronoid in lateral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8F673CFDA812068539F9CD" bold="true" box="[516,534,1639,1663]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">D</emphasis>
|
||||
) and medial (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8F673CFD0112068593F9CD" bold="true" box="[685,700,1639,1663]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">E</emphasis>
|
||||
) views.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8F673CFCB81206840DF9CD" bold="true" box="[788,802,1639,1663]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">F</emphasis>
|
||||
. Laser scan of cast of right coronoid of ALMNH:Paleo:5452 in posteromedial view.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8F673CFE8412E18617F92A" bold="true" box="[296,312,1664,1688]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">G</emphasis>
|
||||
. Cervical vertebra in ventral view.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8F673CFD0012E18591F92A" bold="true" box="[684,702,1664,1688]" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">H</emphasis>
|
||||
. Caudal vertebra in ventral view. Scale bars for A–F=5 cm. Scale bar for G=4 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF8F673DFF3C1323840FFE1D" blockId="22.[112,800,1753,1956]" lastBlockId="23.[112,801,194,431]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8F673CFF3C13238603F8EC" bold="true" box="[144,300,1858,1886]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Vertebrae—</emphasis>
|
||||
A total of twenty-seven vertebrae are preserved with
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8F673CFEA91307865AF833" box="[261,373,1894,1921]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="22" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452, including five cervicals, thirteen dorsals, five pygals, and four caudals. Most of the vertebrae consist of badly weathered centra lacking most of the cortical surface, neural arches, synapophyses. zygopophyses, and transverse processes. The best cervical vertebra (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF8F673CFC711323836CF8EE" box="[989,1091,1858,1884]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="22.[111,186,1613,1637]" captionTargetBox="[155,1477,208,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-115@22.[128,1499,191,1601]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 13: Ectenosaurus shannoni sp. nov., ALMNH:Paleo:5452. A–C. Right splenial in lateral (A), medial (B), and posterior (C) views. D, E. Right coronoid in lateral (D) and medial (E) views. F. Laser scan of cast of right coronoid of ALMNH:Paleo:5452 in posteromedial view. G. Cervical vertebra in ventral view. H. Caudal vertebra in ventral view. Scale bars for A–F=5 cm. Scale bar for G=4 cm." pageId="22" pageNumber="21">Fig. 13F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) preserves a distinct anteroventral ridge extending from the anterior rim of an elliptical hypapophyseal peduncle to the ventral rim of the cotyle. In lateral profile, this ridge forms a shallowly concave arc, as seen in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF8E673DFF5C14878606FEB2" box="[240,297,230,256]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673 and other species of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF8E673DFD35148587B2FE91" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="22">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF8E673DFD35148587B6FE91" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1967" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ectenosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The articular surfaces of the pygals are sub-square in anteroposterior view. Only one of the caudles is well preserved (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF8E673DFF50152E8648FEDB" box="[252,359,335,361]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="22.[111,186,1613,1637]" captionTargetBox="[155,1477,208,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-115@22.[128,1499,191,1601]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 13: Ectenosaurus shannoni sp. nov., ALMNH:Paleo:5452. A–C. Right splenial in lateral (A), medial (B), and posterior (C) views. D, E. Right coronoid in lateral (D) and medial (E) views. F. Laser scan of cast of right coronoid of ALMNH:Paleo:5452 in posteromedial view. G. Cervical vertebra in ventral view. H. Caudal vertebra in ventral view. Scale bars for A–F=5 cm. Scale bar for G=4 cm." pageId="23" pageNumber="22">Fig. 13G</figureCitation>
|
||||
); it is subcircular in anteroposterior profile and preserves two rounded, posteroventrally oriented peduncles for articulation with the haemal arch.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
138
data/03/96/4C/03964C6FFF9C672CFC4415608550FF6F.xml
Normal file
138
data/03/96/4C/03964C6FFF9C672CFC4415608550FF6F.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
|
|||
<document id="938697F0F5CEC9D9F13EAD3C4FAC1884" ID-DOI="10.5070/P9401362375" ID-ISSN="0031-0298" ID-ZooBank="EE96562A-AEB9-4E4C-AAAF-036F41D8D3EF" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1712167387144" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kiernan, Caitlin R. & Ebersole, Jun A." docDate="2023" docId="03964C6FFF9C672CFC4415608550FF6F" docLanguage="en" docName="PaleoBios.40.13.1-28.pdf" docOrigin="PaleoBios 40 (13)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p9401362375" docStyle="DocumentStyle:76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81.3:PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="76F55B8832C4952BA7DD61B33E1F0E81" docStyleName="PaleoBios.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Ectenosaurus Russell 1967" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFAF3417FF99672AFFAC1461872FFFB2" masterDocTitle="Two new plioplatecarpine mosasaurs (Mosasauridae; Plioplatecarpinae) of the genus Ectenosaurus from the Upper Cretaceous of North America" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1727997956931" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
|
||||
<mods:mods id="7895283B9706A3E32800DB2BE340FF4B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B2BAB2F56394A91B03DDFC7428315058">
|
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<mods:title id="D8EA95383D01CB061DF32B89196DBB29">Two new plioplatecarpine mosasaurs (Mosasauridae; Plioplatecarpinae) of the genus Ectenosaurus from the Upper Cretaceous of North America</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
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|
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|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="F3175EDC66567F76A72AC3780358106E">Kiernan, Caitlin R.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="453DE10AFFA9826A37AD7AF99BC31043" type="personal">
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|
||||
<mods:roleTerm id="4A908E37D35346089D7497D09F1BBA21">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="6C3E877385CD5ABE6297578DC53F5AE1">Ebersole, Jun A.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="F4D454EF4AD9E45347FAFE2089A55528">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="6545644CF60A557154A94E5E24F52794">
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<mods:title id="432C991444174C058707D1B3107B6AAD">PaleoBios</mods:title>
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|
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<mods:part id="259E62316E7AE5530A5F36B2E48E4CAE">
|
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<mods:date id="8FE01652924FADEBB6CE7B888FD250C3">2023</mods:date>
|
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|
||||
<mods:number id="7221B287DA74876BF935613116FA3FDF">2023-10-23</mods:number>
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||||
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|
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|
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<mods:number id="B605DD3EA227EB3400B39E69BFD338F0">40</mods:number>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:detail id="837181869094090723C152C4EB9E37CF" type="issue">
|
||||
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<mods:location id="7A74DFF2577FC9B4C597BF9C96D4CC4F">
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<mods:url id="739A942D7656B3C16D92A49864141E3E">http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/p9401362375</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="5536BCB1AA77F2FD44850738F2603096">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="71CB5E4AF394CFA99162174A05713615" type="DOI">10.5070/P9401362375</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C4A3407E1472E2EF265A077E9C2A6C67" type="ISSN">0031-0298</mods:identifier>
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|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="03964C6FFF9C672CFC4415608550FF6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF9C672CFC4415608550FF6F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03964C6FFF9C672CFC4415608550FF6F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF9C672FFC4415608267FEAF" box="[1000,1352,257,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9C672FFC4415608267FEAF" blockId="5.[1000,1352,257,285]" box="[1000,1352,257,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9C672FFC4415608267FEAF" authority="Russell, 1967" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1967" box="[1000,1352,257,285]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFC4415608385FEAF" box="[1000,1194,257,285]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">ECTENOSAURUS</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFB1D15648267FEAF" author="Russell, D. A." box="[1201,1352,261,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 241" refId="ref16943" refString="Russell, D. A. 1967. Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs (Reptilia, Sauria). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 23: 1 - 241." type="journal article" year="1967">Russell, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF9C672FFCCC155284BDFEC3" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="type_taxon">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9C672FFCCC155284BDFEC3" blockId="5.[832,1521,305,1945]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFCCC15528304FEFF" bold="true" box="[864,1067,307,333]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Generic Type―</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9C672FFB87155084A2FEC3" authority="(Merriam, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFB8715508247FEFF" box="[1067,1384,305,333]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Ectenosaurus clidastoides</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFAD0155284AEFEC2" author="Merriam, J. C." pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref16134" refString="Merriam, J. C. 1894. Ueber die Pythonomorphen der Kansas- Kreide. Paleontographica 41: 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1894">Merriam, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF9C672FFCCC151882A1FC58" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9C672FFCCC1518831AFDF6" blockId="5.[832,1521,305,1945]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFCCC15188375FE21" bold="true" box="[864,1114,377,403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
Generic
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B57F724FF9C672FFC671518831AFDF6" country="Germany" county="Niobrara Chalk of Logan County" location="Bayerishe Staatssammlung" municipality="Formerly" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kansas" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="548443DBFF9C672FFC6715188313FE21" box="[971,1084,377,403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
―
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE46703FF9C672FFBF6151883E4FE21" box="[1114,1227,377,403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Formerly</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
at
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF9C672FFB40151884A0FE04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF9C672CFC4415608550FF6F:8EE0ABA2FF9C672FFB40151884A0FE04" country="Germany" county="Niobrara Chalk of Logan County" municipality="Formerly" name="Bayerishe Staatssammlung" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Kansas">Bayerishe Staatssammlung</location>
|
||||
für
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF9C672FFC6B15FD835EFE04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF9C672CFC4415608550FF6F:8EE0ABA2FF9C672FFC6B15FD835EFE04" box="[967,1137,412,438]" country="Germany" county="Niobrara Chalk of Logan County" municipality="Formerly" name="Palaontologie" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Kansas">Paläontologie</location>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF9C672FFB2F15FD83CAFE04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF9C672CFC4415608550FF6F:8EE0ABA2FF9C672FFB2F15FD83CAFE04" box="[1155,1253,412,438]" country="Germany" county="Niobrara Chalk of Logan County" municipality="Formerly" name="Munich" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Kansas">Munich</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F328BDE9FF9C672FFB5815FC8245FE05" box="[1268,1386,413,439]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||||
), probably destroyed in
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF9C672FFC4215A183CCFE68" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF9C672CFC4415608550FF6F:8EE0ABA2FF9C672FFC4215A183CCFE68" box="[1006,1251,448,474]" country="Germany" county="Niobrara Chalk of Logan County" municipality="Formerly" name="Second World War" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" stateProvince="Kansas">Second World War</location>
|
||||
, included "posterior portion of the skull and several vertebrae" collected from the
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="62E185F5FF9C672FFC1916678266FD92" box="[949,1353,518,545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Niobrara Chalk of Logan County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="49FB339BFF9C672FFAFA1666829FFD93" box="[1366,1456,519,545]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Kansas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
, USA (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFCE71648830BFDF6" author="Russell, D. A." box="[843,1060,553,580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 241" refId="ref16943" refString="Russell, D. A. 1967. Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs (Reptilia, Sauria). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 23: 1 - 241." type="journal article" year="1967">Russell 1967:158</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9C672FFCCC162D82A1FC58" blockId="5.[832,1521,305,1945]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFCCC162D834DFDD5" bold="true" box="[864,1122,588,615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
Generic
|
||||
<typeStatus id="548443DBFF9C672FFC74162C836CFDD5" box="[984,1091,589,615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
―
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF9C672FFBCF162C8380FDD5" box="[1123,1199,589,615]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5bc7-5n0c" name="Fort Hays Sternberg Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">FHSM</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF9C672FFB17162C83C0FDD5" box="[1211,1263,589,615]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">VP-</collectionCode>
|
||||
401, designated the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="548443DBFF9C672FFCEC1611848AFD38" box="[832,933,624,650]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFC61161183FFFD38" author="Willman, A. J. & T. Konishi & M. W. Caldwell" box="[973,1232,624,650]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="741 - 755" refId="ref18000" refString="Willman, A. J., T. Konishi, and M. W. Caldwell. 2021. A new species of Ectenosaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from western Kansas, USA, reveals a novels suite of osteological characters for the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 58 (9): 741 - 755. [https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2020 - 0175]." type="journal article" year="2021">Willman et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, includes an essentially complete, articulated skull with both mandibles, articulated vertebral column to the 29th prepygal, ribs (with fragments of calcified costal cartilage), sternum, both scapulo-coracoids, and the majority of both forelimbs. It should be stressed that portions of the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="548443DBFF9C672FFAA21741825DFC88" box="[1294,1394,800,826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
have been heavily restored with plaster. Specimen was collected from the Smoky Hill Member of the Niobrara Chalk (upper Santonian-lower Campanian) at "Garret Ranch, seven or eight miles northwest of Wakeeney, Trego County,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="49FB339BFF9C672FFCEC17B184B4FC58" box="[832,923,976,1002]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Kansas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
" (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFC1A17B183A0FC58" author="Russell, D. A." box="[950,1167,975,1002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 241" refId="ref16943" refString="Russell, D. A. 1967. Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs (Reptilia, Sauria). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 23: 1 - 241." type="journal article" year="1967">Russell 1967:158</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFB3017B18252FC58" author="Schumacher, B." box="[1180,1405,976,1002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref17191" refString="Schumacher, B. 1993. Biostratigraphy of Mosasauridae (Squamata, Varanoidea) from the Smoky Hill Member, Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) of western Kansas. Master's Thesis. Fort Hays State University, Hays." type="book" year="1993">Schumacher 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF9C672CFCCC17928550FF6F" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9C672CFCCC17928550FF6F" blockId="5.[832,1521,305,1945]" lastBlockId="6.[112,639,193,221]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFCCC179284FBFB82" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Generic Diagnosis (modified from Willman at al. 2021)―</emphasis>
|
||||
Plioplatecarpine possessing the following apomorphies: premaxilla-maxilla suture extending posteriorly beyond posterior end of third maxillary tooth; maxillary and dentary tooth count each exceeding 12; prefrontal excluded from posterolateral margin of external nares by wing of maxilla; frontal emarginate above orbits; prefrontal and postorbitofrontal not in contact; parietal table wider than long; posteroventral process on jugal present; anterior border of jugal vertical ramus convex near jugal corner; 9–11 teeth in pterygoid; pterygoid tooth row anterior to ectopterygoid process straight; pterygoid teeth subequal in size; suprastapedial process medially excavated; posterolateral infrastapedial process of quadrate overlapping posteriorly onto distal terminus of surprastapedial process; stapedial pit narrowly rectangular; medial parapet of dentary higher than lateral wall; coronoid dorsal process extending posteriorly over free dorsal border of surangular, terminating acutely in profile; post-glenoid notch on dorsal rim of articular; at least 29 presacral, five pygal, and 28 intermediate caudal vertebrae; hypapophysis laterally compressed; anteroventral ridge extending from hypapophysis distinct, almost reaching cotyle; articular surface of pygal square in outline, not triangular; up to seven well ossified carpals. See
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFCD9133C8384F8C5" author="Russell, D. A." box="[885,1195,1885,1912]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 241" refId="ref16943" refString="Russell, D. A. 1967. Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs (Reptilia, Sauria). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 23: 1 - 241." type="journal article" year="1967">Russell (1967:157–158)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
for additional diagnostic postcranial characters, based on the
|
||||
<typeStatus id="548443DBFF9C672FFAA0131E825DF82B" box="[1292,1394,1919,1945]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
specimen (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF9F672CFFD414A287E9FF6F" box="[120,198,195,221]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5bc7-5n0c" name="Fort Hays Sternberg Museum" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">FHSM</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF9F672CFF6014A287D2FF6F" box="[204,253,195,221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">VP-</collectionCode>
|
||||
401,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9F672CFE9814A08541FF6F" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[308,622,193,221]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9F672CFE9814A08541FF6F" box="[308,622,193,221]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Ectenosaurus clidastoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
123
data/03/96/4C/03964C6FFF9C672FFF5F17F4824EFF6F.xml
Normal file
123
data/03/96/4C/03964C6FFF9C672FFF5F17F4824EFF6F.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="66392337239A52015D18527D216493C1">Two new plioplatecarpine mosasaurs (Mosasauridae; Plioplatecarpinae) of the genus Ectenosaurus from the Upper Cretaceous of North America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1A7B80965C3DF122E475180427626A72">Kiernan, Caitlin R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="11257391C5781359FE2317E7EA42C6DF">Ebersole, Jun A.</mods:namePart>
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||||
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|
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<mods:typeOfResource id="182846215784E79AE0E2F0170A92BCE1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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|
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|
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<treatment id="03964C6FFF9C672FFF5F17F4824EFF6F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF9C672FFF5F17F4824EFF6F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03964C6FFF9C672FFF5F17F4824EFF6F" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF9C672FFF5F17F485B2FC1C" box="[243,669,917,943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9C672FFF5F17F485B2FC1C" blockId="5.[195,717,776,943]" box="[243,669,917,943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9C672FFF5F17F485B2FC1C" authority="DOLLO, 1884" box="[243,669,917,943]" class="Reptilia" family="Mosasauridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily">
|
||||
PLIOPLATECARPINAE
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFDA317F785B2FC1C" author="Dollo, L." box="[527,669,918,942]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="648 - 653" refId="ref14454" refString="Dollo, L. 1884. Le mosasaure. Revue des Questions Scientifiques 1 e ser 16: 648 - 653." type="journal article" year="1884">DOLLO, 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF9C672FFF3C17A6824EFF6F" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9C672FFF3C17A6865FF910" blockId="5.[112,801,967,1946]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFF3C17A68646FC53" bold="true" box="[144,361,967,993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis (after</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFEDE17A985E9FC50" author="Konishi, T. & M. W. Caldwell" box="[370,710,968,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="754 - 783" refId="ref15419" refString="Konishi, T., and M. W. Caldwell. 2011. Two new plioplatecarpine (Squamata, Mosasauridae) genera from the Upper Cretaceous of North America, and a global phylogenetic analysis of the plioplatecarpines. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (4): 754 - 783. [https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2011. 579023]." type="journal article" year="2011">Konishi and Caldwell 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFD6A17A685C7FC53" bold="true" box="[710,744,967,993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">)―</emphasis>
|
||||
Russellosaurines generally of medium size, mandible length rarely reaching
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF9C672FFE9D106F86BFFB9B" box="[305,400,1038,1065]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" unit="cm" value="100.0">100 cm</quantity>
|
||||
; quadrate ala laterally expanded with uniformly curved border, thin in the center; distinct alar concavity present immediately dorsal to mandibular condyle;surprastapedial process elongate, at least reaching mid-height of quadrate; process often ending with blunt terminus; canal(s) for basilar artery through basisphenoid and basioccipital exiting as large opening(s) on medullary floor; jaws slender; a large foramina on lateroventral/ventral face of retroarticular process; marginal tooth crowns slender, distally tapering and posteromedially recurved from mid-height; middle and posterior tooth crowns typically bicarinate, two carinae aligned in anteroposterior orientation and dividing crown surface semi-equally; marginal tooth crown medially finely striated, laterally faceted or fluted to various extent;tooth crown with sub-circular basal cross-section; intermediate and terminal caudal centra horizontally short, centrum length not exceeding centrum height more than 1.5 times.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9C672FFF3C12CA824EFF6F" blockId="5.[112,801,967,1946]" lastBlockId="5.[832,1377,193,223]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFF3C12CA86BCF977" bold="true" box="[144,403,1707,1733]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Included Genera—</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9C672FFE3812C885FAF977" authority="Cope (1869)" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1869" box="[404,725,1705,1733]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Platecarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFE3812C88507F977" box="[404,552,1705,1733]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Platecarpus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFD9E12CA85FAF977" author="Cope, E. D." box="[562,725,1707,1733]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="250 - 256" refId="ref14138" refString="Cope, E. D. 1869. On the reptilian orders Pythonomorpha and Streptosauria. Proceedings, Boston Society of Natural History 12: 250 - 256." type="journal article" year="1869">Cope (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9C672FFD4A12C88696F95B" authority="Dollo (1882)" authorityName="Dollo" authorityYear="1882" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Plioplatecarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFD4A12C8862AF95B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Plioplatecarpus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFEBC12AF8696F95B" author="Dollo, L." box="[272,441,1742,1769]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="55 - 80" refId="ref14428" refString="Dollo, L. 1882. Note sur l'osteologie des Mosasauridae. Bulletin du Musee Royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique 1: 55 - 80." type="journal article" year="1882">Dollo (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9C672FFE6612AF87C4F8BE" authority="Azzaroli et al. (1972)" authorityName="Azzaroli" authorityYear="1972" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Goronyosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFE6612AF85A8F958" box="[458,647,1742,1770]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Goronyosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFD3E12AF87C4F8BE" author="Azzaroli, A. & C. De Gulli & G. Ficcarelli & D. Torre" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref13565" refString="Azzaroli, A., C. De Gulli, G. Ficcarelli, and D. Torre. 1972. An aberrant mosasaur from the Upper Cretaceous of north-western Nigeria. Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. Rendiconti." type="book" year="1972">Azzaroli et al. (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9C672FFF5512938541F8BE" authority="Antunes (1964)" authorityName="Antunes" authorityYear="1964" box="[249,622,1777,1806]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Angolasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFF551293868FF8BC" box="[249,416,1778,1806]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Angolasaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFE0B12908541F8BE" author="Antunes, M. T." box="[423,622,1777,1804]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref13351" refString="Antunes, M. T. 1964. O neocretacico e o cenozoico do litoral de Angola. Junta de InvestigaCoes do Ultramar, Lisboa. 254 pp." type="book" year="1964">Antunes (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9C672FFDD01291860DF89D" authority="Russell (1967)" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1967" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFDD01291840FF8BE" box="[636,800,1776,1804]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Ectenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFFDC1375860DF89D" author="Russell, D. A." box="[112,290,1812,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 241" refId="ref16943" refString="Russell, D. A. 1967. Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs (Reptilia, Sauria). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 23: 1 - 241." type="journal article" year="1967">Russell (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFE8013748696F883" box="[300,441,1813,1841]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Selmasauru</emphasis>
|
||||
s
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFE6513758435F89D" author="Wright, K. R. & S. W. Shannon" box="[457,794,1812,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="102 - 107" refId="ref18077" refString="Wright, K. R., and S. W. Shannon. 1988. A new plioplatecarpine mosasaur (Squamata; Mosasauridae) from Alabama. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 8 (1): 102 - 107. [https: // doi. org / 10. 1080 / 02724634.1988.10011686]." type="journal article" year="1988">Wright and Shannon (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9C672FFFDC13578564F8E0" authority="Polcyn and Bell (2005)" authorityName="Polcyn and Bell" authorityYear="2005" box="[112,587,1846,1874]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Russellosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFFDC1357860BF8E0" box="[112,292,1846,1874]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Russellosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFE8713598564F8E0" author="Polcyn, M. J. & G. L. Bell, Jr." box="[299,587,1847,1874]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="321 - 333" refId="ref16560" refString="Polcyn, M. J., and G. L. Bell, Jr. 2005. Russellosaurus coheni n. gen., n. sp., a 92 million-year-old mosasaur from Texas (USA), and the definition of the parafamily Russellosaurina. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 84: 321 - 333. [https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016774600021107]." type="journal article" year="2005">Polcyn and Bell (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9C672FFDF4135786FAF8C7" authority="Konishi and Caldwell (2011)" authorityName="Konishi and Caldwell" authorityYear="2011" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Latoplatecarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFDF41357840FF8E0" box="[600,800,1846,1874]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Latoplatecarpus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFFDC133A86FAF8C7" author="Konishi, T. & M. W. Caldwell" box="[112,469,1883,1909]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="754 - 783" refId="ref15419" refString="Konishi, T., and M. W. Caldwell. 2011. Two new plioplatecarpine (Squamata, Mosasauridae) genera from the Upper Cretaceous of North America, and a global phylogenetic analysis of the plioplatecarpines. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (4): 754 - 783. [https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2011. 579023]." type="journal article" year="2011">Konishi and Caldwell (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9C672FFE4E13388641F82B" authority="Konishi and Caldwell (2011)" authorityName="Konishi and Caldwell" authorityYear="2011" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Plesioplatecarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFE4E13388595F8C7" box="[482,698,1881,1909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Plesioplatecarpus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFD6D133A8641F82B" author="Konishi, T. & M. W. Caldwell" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="754 - 783" refId="ref15419" refString="Konishi, T., and M. W. Caldwell. 2011. Two new plioplatecarpine (Squamata, Mosasauridae) genera from the Upper Cretaceous of North America, and a global phylogenetic analysis of the plioplatecarpines. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (4): 754 - 783. [https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2011. 579023]." type="journal article" year="2011">Konishi and Caldwell (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9C672FFED7131F8435F82B" authority="Strong et al. (2020)" authorityName="Strong" authorityYear="2020" box="[379,794,1918,1946]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Gavialimimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFED7131F850DF828" box="[379,546,1918,1946]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Gavialimimus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFD84131F8435F82B" author="Strong C. R. & Caldwell, T. & A. Palci" box="[552,794,1918,1945]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" pagination="1769 - 1804" refId="ref17493" refString="Strong C. R. C, M. W. Caldwell, T. Konishi, and A. Palci. 2020. A new species of longirostrine plioplatecarpine mosasaur (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Morocco, with a re-evaluation of the problematic taxon ' Platecarpus' ptychodon. Journal of Systematic Paleontology 18 (21): 1769 - 1804. [https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772019.2020.1818322]." type="journal article" year="2020">Strong et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9C672FFCD914A2834DFF6F" box="[885,1122,193,223]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="4">Sarabosaurus dahli</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9C672FFBC414A28273FF6F" author="Polcyn, M. J. & N. Bardet & L. B. Albright, III & A. Titus" box="[1128,1372,195,221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="4" refId="ref16692" refString="Polcyn, M. J., N. Bardet, L. B. Albright, III, A. Titus. 2023. A new lower Turonian mosasaurid from the Western Interior Seaway and the antiquity of the unique basicranial circulation pattern in Plioplatecarpinae. Cretaceous Research 151. [https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cretres. 2023.105621]." type="journal volume" year="2023">Polcyn et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
954
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Normal file
954
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||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9F672CFF72149C859BFEAB" blockId="6.[222,692,253,316]" box="[222,692,253,281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<heading id="D0C84A15FF9F672CFF72149C859BFEAB" allCaps="true" box="[222,692,253,281]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" reason="2">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9F672CFF72149C8575FEAB" authority="Kiernan & Ebersole, 2023" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[222,602,253,281]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9F672CFF72149C8575FEAB" box="[222,602,253,281]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">ECTENOSAURUS TLEMONECTES</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2789C10FF9F672CFDCC1560859BFEAB" box="[608,692,257,281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF9F672CFE211545852DFE20" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9F672CFE211545852CFE8E" blockId="6.[222,692,253,316]" box="[397,515,292,316]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF9F672CFE211545852CFE8E" box="[397,515,292,316]" captionStart-0="Figure 2" captionStart-1="Figure 3" captionStart-2="Figure 4" captionStart-3="Figure 5" captionStart-4="Figure 6" captionStart-5="Figure 7" captionStart-6="Figure 8" captionStart-7="Figure 9" captionStart-8="Figure 10" captionStartId-0="7.[110,181,1899,1921]" captionStartId-1="9.[112,183,1614,1636]" captionStartId-2="10.[112,183,1615,1637]" captionStartId-3="11.[112,183,1463,1485]" captionStartId-4="12.[113,184,1350,1372]" captionStartId-5="13.[112,183,1899,1921]" captionStartId-6="14.[112,183,1666,1688]" captionStartId-7="16.[112,183,1546,1568]" captionStartId-8="17.[828,899,695,717]" captionTargetBox-0="[202,1418,204,1874]" captionTargetBox-1="[172,1437,217,1589]" captionTargetBox-2="[149,1487,223,1589]" captionTargetBox-3="[178,1453,216,1431]" captionTargetBox-4="[142,1483,218,1315]" captionTargetBox-5="[245,1374,215,1847]" captionTargetBox-6="[177,1450,211,1623]" captionTargetBox-7="[161,1466,208,1518]" captionTargetBox-8="[848,1509,219,666]" captionTargetId-0="figure-64@7.[155,1457,192,1894]" captionTargetId-1="figure-185@9.[125,1482,192,1603]" captionTargetId-2="figure-185@10.[117,1510,190,1605]" captionTargetId-3="figure-261@11.[128,1499,191,1445]" captionTargetId-4="figure-254@12.[112,1519,191,1332]" captionTargetId-5="figure-15@13.[171,1448,192,1872]" captionTargetId-6="figure-106@14.[117,1513,192,1649]" captionTargetId-7="figure-159@16.[141,1485,191,1531]" captionTargetId-8="figure-677@17.[831,1520,192,685]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="9" captionTargetPageId-2="10" captionTargetPageId-3="11" captionTargetPageId-4="12" captionTargetPageId-5="13" captionTargetPageId-6="14" captionTargetPageId-7="16" captionTargetPageId-8="17" captionText-0="Figure 2. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A-C. Frontal in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Detail of olfactory canal. Abbreviations: POF, excavation for postorbitofrontal; PRF, excavation for prefrontal; VSR, ventral separation ridge. Scale bars=5 cm." captionText-1="Figure 3. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A–C. Left quadrate in medial (A), anterior (B), and posterior (C) views. D–F. Left squamosal in ventral (D), lateral (E), and medial (F) views. Arrow indicates suprastapedial/infrastapedial contact. Scale bars=5 cm." captionText-2="Figure 4. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673, A–C. Premaxilla in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Detail of dorsal ridge. D, E. Right maxilla in lateral (D) and medial (E) views. Scale bars=10 cm." captionText-3="Figure 5. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A–E. Dentaries in left lateral (A), left medial (B), left dorsal (C), right lateral (D), and right medial (E) views. Scale bars=10 cm." captionText-4="Figure 6. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP 4673, A–D. Detail of pathologic and non-pathologic anterior terminus of left dentary in left lateral (nonpathologic) (A), right lateral (pathologic) (B), right medial (pathologic) (C), and right dorsal (pathologic) (D) views. Scale bars for A–C=5 cm. Scale bar for D=3 cm." captionText-5="Figure 7. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A, B. Right coronoid in lateral (A) and medial (B) views. C, D. Left jugal in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. E, F. Right jugal in lateral (E) and medial (F) views. Scale bars for A, B=5 cm. Scale bar for C–F=2 cm." captionText-6="Figure 8. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A, B. Left surangular-articular in lateral (A) and medial (B) views. C. Close-up of glenoid fossa in lateral view. D. Close-up of glenoid fossa in medial view. E. Close-up of glenoid fossa in dorsal view. Arrow indicates postglenoid notch. Scale bars=5 cm." captionText-7="Figure 9. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A–E. Left angular in lateral (A), medial (B), anterior (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (E) views. F–H. Right angular in lateral (F), anterior (G), and medial (H) views. I–K. Right splenial in lateral (I), anterior (J), and dorsal (K) view. L. Articulated right splenial and angular. Arrows point to pathologic ventral rugosity on left angular. Abbreviations: SAS, surangular articulation surface. Scale bars for A–E, I–K, L=5 cm. Scale bars for F–H=3 cm." captionText-8="Figure 10. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. Cervical vertebra in left lateral view. Arrow indicates ventral ridge connecting the hypapophyseal peduncle and cotyle. Scale bar=5 cm." pageId="6" pageNumber="5">FIGS. 2–10</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9F672CFF3C1534852DFE20" blockId="6.[112,800,341,402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9F672CFF3C1534864DFEDD" bold="true" box="[144,354,341,367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
ZooBank
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF9F672CFEA615348668FEDD" box="[266,327,341,367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">LSID</collectionCode>
|
||||
—
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E2E61DA4- E21D-4643-A0B6A8C04418062
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF9F672CFFDC15CB8544FDBE" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9F672CFFDC15CB8616FE5B" blockId="6.[112,767,426,595]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2FDA57FF9F672CFFDC15CB8616FE5B" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9F672CFFDC15CB85AEFE74" authority="(Merriam, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[112,641,426,454]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9F672CFFDC15CB8686FE74" box="[112,425,426,454]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Ectenosaurus clidastoides</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9F672CFE1715CA8559FE74" author="Merriam, J. C." box="[443,630,427,454]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 39" refId="ref16134" refString="Merriam, J. C. 1894. Ueber die Pythonomorphen der Kansas- Kreide. Paleontographica 41: 1 - 39." type="journal article" year="1894">Merriam, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9EDB68FF9F672CFD0A15CA861AFE5B" author="Russell, D. A." page="158" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" year="1967">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9F672CFD0A15CA861AFE5B" author="Russell, D. A." pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 241" refId="ref16943" refString="Russell, D. A. 1967. Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs (Reptilia, Sauria). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 23: 1 - 241." type="journal article" year="1967">Russell (1967: 158)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9F672CFFDC15938544FDBE" blockId="6.[112,767,426,595]" box="[112,619,496,524]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
“
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9F672CFFD715918630FDBE" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1967" box="[123,287,496,524]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9F672CFFD715918630FDBE" box="[123,287,496,524]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Ectenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
composite” in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9F672CFE7B15938549FDBE" author="Bell, G. L., Jr." box="[471,614,498,524]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" refId="ref13795" refString="Bell, G. L., Jr. 1997. A phylogenetic revision of North American and Adriatic Mosasauroidea. Pp. 293 - 332 in J. M. Callaway and E. L. Nichols (eds.). Ancient Marine Reptiles. Academic Press, San Diego." type="book" year="1997">Bell (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF9F672CFFDC1675855DFDE1" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9F672CFFDC1675850AFD82" blockId="6.[112,767,426,595]" box="[112,549,532,560]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9F672CFFDC16758612FD82" box="[112,317,532,560]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9F672CFFDC1675863BFD82" box="[112,276,532,560]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Ectenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9F672CFECF1674850FFD82" author="Konishi, T." box="[355,544,533,560]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="95 - 105" refId="ref15286" refString="Konishi, T. 2008. A new specimen of Selmasaurus sp. cf. S. russelli (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpini) from Greene County, western Alabama, USA. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue. Hays, Kansas 3: 95 - 105." type="journal article" year="2008">Konishi (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9F672CFFDC1656855DFDE1" blockId="6.[112,767,426,595]" box="[112,626,567,595]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9F672CFFDC16568612FDE1" box="[112,317,567,595]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9F672CFFDC1656863BFDE1" box="[112,276,567,595]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Ectenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9F672CFECF16598542FDE1" author="Willman, A. J. & T. Konishi & M. W. Caldwell" box="[355,621,568,595]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="741 - 755" refId="ref18000" refString="Willman, A. J., T. Konishi, and M. W. Caldwell. 2021. A new species of Ectenosaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from western Kansas, USA, reveals a novels suite of osteological characters for the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 58 (9): 741 - 755. [https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2020 - 0175]." type="journal article" year="2021">Willman et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF9F672CFF3C160A86A4F9D2" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9F672CFF3C160A86A4F9D2" blockId="6.[112,801,619,1942]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9F672CFF3C160A861FFD37" bold="true" box="[144,304,619,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis—</emphasis>
|
||||
A medium-sized plioplatecarpine mosasaur referable to the genus
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9F672CFE7A16EC8555FD1B" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1967" box="[470,634,653,681]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9F672CFE7A16EC8555FD1B" box="[470,634,653,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Ectenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and exhibits the following unique combination of characteristics: a) very prominent median dorsal ride on frontal, extending back at least to interorbital embayment, wider posteriorly than anteriorly; b) olfactory canal long and tightly bracketed by broad, hour-glass shaped descending processes; c) frontal subtriangular with weakly developed, incipient interorbital embayments; d) suprastapedial process broadly fused with infrastapedial process, the latter partially overlapping the former; e) mandibular condyle deeply concave, saddle-shaped; f) medial face of squamosal rugose and highly vascularized; g) angular surface for contact with surangular posteriorly recurved; h) premaxilla dorsally planar, except for prominent median keel; i) step-wise constriction present anteriorly on internarial bar; j) short edentulous rostrum on premaxilla; k) premaxillary-maxillary contact terminates between the third and fourth maxillary teeth, at the anteriorly deepest portion of the maxilla; l) teeth with smooth enamel at bases, overprint of striations and fluting higher on crown, carinate and fluted toward cusps. Characteristics a, c, e, g, h, i, j, k, and l distinguish the taxon from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9F672CFF1811F586C0FA02" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[180,495,1428,1456]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9F672CFF1811F586C0FA02" box="[180,495,1428,1456]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Ectenosaurus clidastoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9F672CFD8211F585D8FA02" box="[558,759,1428,1456]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9F672CFD8211F585D8FA02" box="[558,759,1428,1456]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">E. everhartorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, as well as from
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF9F672CFEA911D9865CFA61" box="[261,371,1464,1491]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452, are considered apomorphic, and justify the erection of a new species. Feature b) distinguishes the taxon from
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF9F672CFE76119F8564F9AB" box="[474,587,1534,1561]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452, but it is unclear whether this characteristic is present in other members of the genus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF9F672CFF3C12098344FCCB" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9F672CFF3C120983E9FD14" blockId="6.[112,801,619,1942]" lastBlockId="6.[832,1520,195,1066]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B57F724FF9F672CFF3C120983E9FD14" collectionCode="YPM" location="Russell" municipality="Platecarpus" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9F672CFF3C12098606F930" bold="true" box="[144,297,1640,1666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<typeStatus id="548443DBFF9F672CFF3C12098626F930" box="[144,265,1640,1666]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
—
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF9F672CFE841209864EF930" box="[296,353,1640,1666]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673, a mostly complete, disarticulated skull and mandibles, several cervical and dorsal vertebrae representing a medium-sized mosasaur (skull ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF9F672CFF2E12AE87F6F958" box="[130,217,1743,1770]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="70.0">70 cm</quantity>
|
||||
; total length ~4.0 m, based of dimensions of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9F672CFFDC129186A8F8BE" box="[112,391,1776,1804]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9F672CFFDC1291862EF8BE" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1869" box="[112,257,1776,1804]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Platecarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE46703FF9F672CFFDC1291862EF8BE" box="[112,257,1776,1804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Platecarpus</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
"ictericus"
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
provided in
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9F672CFD8A129385F2F8BE" author="Russell, D. A." box="[550,733,1777,1804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 241" refId="ref16943" refString="Russell, D. A. 1967. Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs (Reptilia, Sauria). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 23: 1 - 241." type="journal article" year="1967">
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF9F672CFD8A12938550F8BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF9F673BFF72149C8526F9CF:8EE0ABA2FF9F672CFD8A12938550F8BE" box="[550,639,1778,1804]" municipality="Platecarpus" name="Russell" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Russell</location>
|
||||
(1967)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
after
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9F672CFFDC1375866DF89D" author="Williston, S. W." box="[112,322,1812,1839]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="235 - 246" refId="ref17919" refString="Williston, S. W. 1898. The Upper Cretaceous of Kansas. Kansas Geological Survey 2: 235 - 246." type="journal article" year="1898">
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF9F672CFFDC137587CEF89C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF9F673BFF72149C8526F9CF:8EE0ABA2FF9F672CFFDC137587CEF89C" box="[112,225,1812,1838]" municipality="Platecarpus" name="Williston" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Williston</location>
|
||||
(1898)
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF9F672CFEFC13758686F89C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF9F673BFF72149C8526F9CF:8EE0ABA2FF9F672CFEFC13758686F89C" box="[336,425,1812,1838]" municipality="Platecarpus" name="Cranial" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Cranial</location>
|
||||
material includes premaxilla, both maxillae, both dentaries, the posterior ends of both splenials, the anterior ends of both angulars, almost complete left posterior mandibular unit (i.e., surangular, articular, prearticular) and less complete left posterior mandibular unit (i.e., fragmentary surangular, articular, prearticular, plus coronoid), frontal, portions of both jugals, almost complete left quadrate, proximal fragment of right quadrate, the posterior end of the right squamosal, fragmentary right pterygoid, much of the neurocranium (including the basiocciptal, supraoccipital, the left parocciptal process of the opisthotic, and portions of the prootic), several associated teeth or tooth fragments, along with numerous other miscellaneous bone fragments believed to belong to the skull.
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF9F672CFA281642829BFD8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF9F673BFF72149C8526F9CF:8EE0ABA2FF9F672CFA281642829BFD8F" box="[1412,1460,547,573]" municipality="Platecarpus" name="The" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">The</location>
|
||||
only preserved postcranial material consists of several cervical and dorsal vertebrae or fragments of vertebrae, all badly distorted and weathered.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9F672CFCCC16CE8344FCCB" blockId="6.[832,1520,195,1066]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9F672CFCCC16CE8338FD78" bold="true" box="[864,1047,687,714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Occurrence—</emphasis>
|
||||
Collected
|
||||
<date id="FF81DBB9FF9F672CFB3E16D1823DFD78" box="[1170,1298,687,714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" value="1875-06">
|
||||
<collectingDate id="EFC52251FF9F672CFB3E16D1823DFD78" box="[1170,1298,687,714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" value="1875-06">June 1875</collectingDate>
|
||||
</date>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<collectorName id="26CA98AFFF9F672CFA9216D182DFFD7B" box="[1342,1520,687,714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">S. W. Williston</collectorName>
|
||||
from erosional gullies in the
|
||||
<collectorName id="26CA98AFFF9F672CFB0516B282DFFD5F" box="[1193,1520,723,749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Smoky Hill Chalk Member</collectorName>
|
||||
of the
|
||||
<collectorName id="26CA98AFFF9F672CFC25169783E7FCA2" box="[905,1224,758,784]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Niobrara Chalk Formation</collectorName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE46703FF9F672CFB79169784FFFC81" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">upper Coniacian-lower Campanian</collectingMunicipality>
|
||||
;
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF9F672CFC761778831FFC81" box="[986,1072,793,819]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[112,183,1509,1531]" captionTargetBox="[244,1389,216,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-192@4.[225,1403,191,1493]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Geography and Stratigraphy. A. Generalized map of the United States during the Santonian Stage of the Cretaceous (~85 mya) with localities for YPM VP4673 (1) and ALMNH:Paleo:4673 (2). B. Generalized correlation chart of Coniacian to Campanian surface stratigraphy for Kansas and Alabama, USA. Base map data modified from Blakey (2014). Stratigraphic chart modified from Szabo et al. (1988) and Everhart (2014)." pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||||
),
|
||||
<collectingCounty id="62E185F5FF9F672CFBE9177883CDFC81" box="[1093,1250,793,819]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Gove County</collectingCounty>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="49FB339BFF9F672CFB47177B826BFC86" box="[1259,1348,794,820]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Kansas</collectingRegion>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF9F672CFAFE17788282FC81" box="[1362,1453,793,819]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[112,183,1509,1531]" captionTargetBox="[244,1389,216,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-192@4.[225,1403,191,1493]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Geography and Stratigraphy. A. Generalized map of the United States during the Santonian Stage of the Cretaceous (~85 mya) with localities for YPM VP4673 (1) and ALMNH:Paleo:4673 (2). B. Generalized correlation chart of Coniacian to Campanian surface stratigraphy for Kansas and Alabama, USA. Base map data modified from Blakey (2014). Stratigraphic chart modified from Szabo et al. (1988) and Everhart (2014)." pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF9F672CFA6C177882DFFC81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF9F673BFF72149C8526F9CF:8EE0ABA2FF9F672CFA6C177882DFFC81" box="[1472,1520,793,819]" county="Gove County" municipality="upper Coniacian-lower Campanian" name="The" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Kansas">The</location>
|
||||
precise locality and stratigraphic level within the
|
||||
<location id="8EE0ABA2FF9F672CFA37175D8496FCCB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03964C6FFF9F673BFF72149C8526F9CF:8EE0ABA2FF9F672CFA37175D8496FCCB" county="Gove County" municipality="upper Coniacian-lower Campanian" name="Smoky Hill Chalk" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Kansas">Smoky Hill Chalk</location>
|
||||
are unknown.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF9F672CFCCC17E28295FB98" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9F672CFCCC17E28295FB98" blockId="6.[832,1520,195,1066]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9F672CFCCC17E28322FC2F" bold="true" box="[864,1037,899,925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Etymology—</emphasis>
|
||||
Species name from Τλήμων [tlḗmōn], Classical Greek for "patient" + νήΚΤης [nḗktēs], Classical Greek for "swimmer," referring to the 147 years that elapsed between the holotype's discovery in 1875 and its eventual recognition as a distinct taxon in 2022.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C325AEF2FF9F673BFCEC102B8526F9CF" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9F672CFCEC102B84F1FBD6" blockId="6.[832,990,1098,1124]" box="[832,990,1098,1124]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9F672CFCEC102B84F1FBD6" bold="true" box="[832,990,1098,1124]" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9F6722FCCC1014840EFDD2" blockId="6.[832,1520,1141,1943]" lastBlockId="8.[112,801,195,1946]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9F672CFCCC101484F1FB23" bold="true" box="[864,990,1141,1169]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Frontal—</emphasis>
|
||||
The frontal (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF9F672CFBD9101783C5FB23" box="[1141,1258,1142,1169]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[110,181,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[202,1418,204,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-64@7.[155,1457,192,1894]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A-C. Frontal in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Detail of olfactory canal. Abbreviations: POF, excavation for postorbitofrontal; PRF, excavation for prefrontal; VSR, ventral separation ridge. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is an elongate, triangular bone with very slight antoribital bulges and short, roughly triangular posterolateral alae. The posterior quarter of the frontal is weathered and broken into three fragments. As preserved, the midline length is ~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF9F672CFA161162845DFAF3" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="200.0">200 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, with a maximum width of
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF9F672CFB7E1147826DFAF3" box="[1234,1346,1318,1345]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.79" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="87.9">87.9 mm</quantity>
|
||||
and an interorbital width of
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF9F672CFBA011288348FAD6" box="[1036,1127,1353,1380]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="68.0">68 mm</quantity>
|
||||
. A very well-developed median dorsal ridge (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF9F672CFC4A110D836DFA34" box="[998,1090,1388,1414]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[110,181,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[202,1418,204,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-64@7.[155,1457,192,1894]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A-C. Frontal in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Detail of olfactory canal. Abbreviations: POF, excavation for postorbitofrontal; PRF, excavation for prefrontal; VSR, ventral separation ridge. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||||
) extends at least three-quarters of the frontal's length (~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF9F672CFBF411F183CBFA18" box="[1112,1252,1424,1450]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.328" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="132.8">132.8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
), widening markedly posteriorly (from
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF9F672CFBB211D28354FA7F" box="[1054,1147,1459,1485]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
|
||||
to
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF9F672CFB0C11D2822EFA7F" box="[1184,1281,1459,1485]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="8.6">8.6 mm</quantity>
|
||||
). Ventrally (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF9F672CFA3F11D2847BFA42" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[110,181,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[202,1418,204,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-64@7.[155,1457,192,1894]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A-C. Frontal in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Detail of olfactory canal. Abbreviations: POF, excavation for postorbitofrontal; PRF, excavation for prefrontal; VSR, ventral separation ridge. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="6" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
), a pair of broad, rounded, and roughly violin-shaped descending processes (the crista cranii frontalis of some authors) bracket the olfactory tract, almost completely enclosing it for nearly half its length (
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF9F672CFAB6125E82A0F9E8" box="[1306,1423,1599,1626]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.93" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="59.3">59.3 mm</quantity>
|
||||
) before opening anteromedially into a flat amygdaliform sulcus to accommodate the olfactory lobes. Though neither the prefrontals nor postorbitofrontals are preserved, articulation between these elements and the frontal is evident from well-defined, striated depressions on the ventral surface of the frontal. These articular surfaces are completely separated from one another by a wedge or ridge (the ventral separation ridge of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF9F672CFB4D133884AEF824" author="Konishi, T. & M. W. Caldwell" pageId="6" pageNumber="5" pagination="59 - 72" refId="ref15340" refString="Konishi, T., and M. W. Caldwell. 2007. New specimens of Platecarpus planifrons (Cope, 1874) (Squamata: Mosasauridae) and a revised taxonomy of the genus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (1): 59 - 72. [https: // doi. org / 10.1671 / 0272 - 4634 (2007) 27 [59: NSOPPC] 2.0. CO; 2]." type="journal article" year="2007">Konishi and Caldwell 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), oriented approximately 90˚ to the sagittal plane, permitting the frontal to form a small portion of the supraorbital border. Among other plioplatecarpines, this trait has only been reported in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF916722FD99156985C6FE96" authorityName="Polcyn and Bell" authorityYear="2005" box="[565,745,264,292]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Russellosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FD99156985C6FE96" box="[565,745,264,292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Russellosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FFDC154A8663FEF5" box="[112,332,299,327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF916722FFDC154A8667FEF5" authorityName="Konishi and Caldwell" authorityYear="2011" box="[112,328,299,327]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Plesioplatecarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Plesioplatecarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
but it is also present in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF916722FDC5154C8604FED8" authority="Paramo (2000)" authorityName="Paramo" authorityYear="2000" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Yaguarasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FDC5154C840FFEFB" box="[617,800,301,329]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Yaguarasaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF916722FFDC15318604FED8" author="Paramo, M. E." box="[112,299,336,362]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="121 - 131" refId="ref16392" refString="Paramo, M. E. 2000. Yaguarasaurus columbianus (Reptilia, Mosasauridae), a primitive mosasaur from the Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Colombia. Historical Biology 14 (1 - 2): 121 - 131. [https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 10292380009380560]." type="journal article" year="2000">Páramo (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the halisaurines, and in the mosasaurine
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF916722FFDC151287F3FE3D" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1868" box="[112,220,371,399]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Clidastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FFDC151287F3FE3D" box="[112,220,371,399]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Clidastes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FF4715108601FE3F" box="[235,302,369,397]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">sensu</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF916722FE9F15128574FE3F" authority="Cope, 1869" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1869" box="[307,603,371,399]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Clidastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="propython">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FE9F151286E4FE3D" box="[307,459,371,399]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">C. propython</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF916722FE7D15128574FE3F" author="Cope, E. D." box="[465,603,371,397]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="250 - 256" refId="ref14138" refString="Cope, E. D. 1869. On the reptilian orders Pythonomorpha and Streptosauria. Proceedings, Boston Society of Natural History 12: 250 - 256." type="journal article" year="1869">Cope, 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
); it is presumed to be plesiomorphic for the
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF916722FE6F15F78633FE66" authority="(DeBraga and Carroll 1993)" baseAuthorityName="DeBraga and Carroll" baseAuthorityYear="1993" family="Mosasauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||||
Mosasauridae (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF916722FD2E15F6863FFE61" author="DeBraga, M. & R. Carroll" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref14353" refString="DeBraga, M., and R. Carroll. 1993. The origin of the mosasaurs as a model of macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Pp. 245 - 322 in M. K. Hecht (ed.). Evolutionary Biology 27, Plenum Press, New York. [https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 2878 - 4 _ 7]." type="book" year="1993">DeBraga and Carroll 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The contact with the parietal is roughly transverse and possesses no prominent posteromedial projections onto the parietal. The parietal is not preserved, and it is unclear whether, and to what degree, it may have invaded/overlapped the frontal anteromedially.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF40ADF1FF9E672DFFC2130A82B1F82B" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" startId="7.[110,181,1899,1921]" targetBox="[202,1418,204,1874]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF9E672DFFC2130A82B1F82B" blockId="7.[110,1509,1899,1946]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9E672DFFC2130A87E1F833" bold="true" box="[110,206,1899,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF9E672DFF7F130A86F9F830" authority="Kiernan & Ebersole, 2023" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[211,470,1899,1922]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9E672DFF7F130A86F9F830" box="[211,470,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Ectenosaurus tlemonectes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2789C10FF9E672DFE77130D8507F833" box="[475,552,1900,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, YPM VP4673.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9E672DFD6C130A85CAF833" bold="true" box="[704,741,1899,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">A-C</emphasis>
|
||||
. Frontal in dorsal (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9E672DFC0B130A8498F832" bold="true" box="[935,951,1899,1920]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
|
||||
) and ventral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9E672DFBE4130D8377F833" bold="true" box="[1096,1112,1900,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
|
||||
) views.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9E672DFB00130A8395F833" bold="true" box="[1196,1210,1899,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">C</emphasis>
|
||||
. Detail of olfactory canal.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9E672DFA13130A860BF82B" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Abbreviations: POF</emphasis>
|
||||
, excavation for postorbitofrontal;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9E672DFD2C13E58583F82B" bold="true" box="[640,684,1924,1945]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">PRF</emphasis>
|
||||
, excavation for prefrontal;
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF9E672DFC1213E284C6F82B" bold="true" box="[958,1001,1923,1945]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">VSR</emphasis>
|
||||
, ventral separation ridge. Scale bars=5 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF916722FF3C1606857FFA38" blockId="8.[112,801,195,1946]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FF3C1606853EFD31" bold="true" box="[144,529,615,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Quadrates and Squamosals—</emphasis>
|
||||
The left quadrate (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF916722FD5D16088799FD15" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[112,183,1614,1636]" captionTargetBox="[172,1437,217,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-185@9.[125,1482,192,1603]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A–C. Left quadrate in medial (A), anterior (B), and posterior (C) views. D–F. Left squamosal in ventral (D), lateral (E), and medial (F) views. Arrow indicates suprastapedial/infrastapedial contact. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3A‒C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is reasonably complete but lacks most of the tympanic ala and portions of the anterior quadratic shaft. The suprastapedial process is medially deflected and is large and elongate, as is typical of plioplatecarpines, measuring ~60% of the quadrate height. The borders of the suprastapedial process are straight medially, slightly concave laterally, and expand distally to form a bulbous, irregularly rounded extremity that is fused with the infrastapedial process. In the case of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF916722FDE917C485C6FC73" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1967" box="[581,745,933,961]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FDE917C485C6FC73" box="[581,745,933,961]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Ectenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, the "infrastapedial" process is formed by a greatly developed posteroventral ascending quadratic rim (see
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF916722FD0B178D840FFBB5" author="Bell, G. L., Jr." box="[679,800,1004,1031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" refId="ref13795" refString="Bell, G. L., Jr. 1997. A phylogenetic revision of North American and Adriatic Mosasauroidea. Pp. 293 - 332 in J. M. Callaway and E. L. Nichols (eds.). Ancient Marine Reptiles. Academic Press, San Diego." type="book" year="1997">Bell 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF916722FF0A10718644FB98" author="Palci, A. & T. Konishi & M. W. Caldwell" box="[166,363,1040,1066]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="1879101" refId="ref16319" refString="Palci, A., T. Konishi, and M. W. Caldwell. 2020. A comprehensive review into the morphological diversity of the quadrate bone in mosasauroids (Squamata; Mosasauroidea), with comments on the homology of the infrastapedial process. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 40 (6): e 1879101. [https: // doi. org / 10.10 80 / 02724634.2021.1879101]." type="journal article" year="2020">Palci et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
for reviews of issues of homoplasy and inconsistent terminology related to this structure) and includes a flange-like process that overlaps the suprastapedial posterodistally. Though the two processes contact to varying degrees in multiple halisaurine, plioplatecarpine, and mosasaurine taxa, the particular mode of contact seen in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF916722FEE2108086DDFB4F" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1967" box="[334,498,1249,1277]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FEE2108086DDFB4F" box="[334,498,1249,1277]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Ectenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is distinctive, in that the distal end of the suprastapedial is not only solidly fused with but partially embraced by a projection from the infrastapedial process. We revisit this character state in the description of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF916722FEFF110E86EAFA38" box="[339,453,1391,1418]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF916722FF3C11F28649F882" blockId="8.[112,801,195,1946]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
Only a small portion of the thin tympanic ala is preserved. The mandibular condyle is deeply concave and saddle-shaped, possibly the most pronounced example of this condition in any mosasaur. Though the quadrate of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF916722FFDC12418795F988" box="[112,186,1568,1594]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5bc7-5n0c" name="Fort Hays Sternberg Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">FHSM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP 401 is crushed,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF916722FE04127F85CFF988" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[424,736,1566,1594]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FE04127F85CFF988" box="[424,736,1566,1594]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Ectenosaurus clidastoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
does not appear to share this feature. It is possibly incipient in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF916722FF22120785DEF933" authority="Polcyn and Everhart (2008)" authorityName="Polcyn and Everhart" authorityYear="2008" box="[142,753,1638,1666]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Selmasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnsoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FF22120786BAF930" box="[142,405,1638,1666]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Selmasaurus johnsoni</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF916722FE36120785DEF933" author="Polcyn, M. J. & M. J. Everhart" box="[410,753,1638,1665]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="95 - 105" refId="ref16632" refString="Polcyn, M. J., and M. J. Everhart. 2008. Description and phylogenetic analysis of a new species of Selmasaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from the Niobrara Chalk of Western Kansas. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue Hays, Kansas 3: 95 - 105." type="journal article" year="2008">Polcyn and Everhart (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but absent in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF916722FF4712EB8672F916" authorityName="Wright & Shannon" authorityYear="1988" box="[235,349,1672,1702]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Selmasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="russelli">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FF4712EB8672F916" box="[235,349,1672,1702]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">S. russelli</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Herein it is considered an apomorphy for
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FF7B12CA850EF975" box="[215,545,1707,1735]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF916722FF7B12CA8532F975" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[215,541,1707,1735]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes">Ectenosaurus tlemonectes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The suprastapedial pit is severely distorted anteroposteriorly, obscuring its original dimensions, but it appears to have been long and subrectangular.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF916722FF3C135882C3FE03" blockId="8.[112,801,195,1946]" lastBlockId="8.[832,1521,195,1946]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
The posterior end of the right squamosal (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF916722FD3013588437F8E1" box="[668,792,1849,1875]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[112,183,1614,1636]" captionTargetBox="[172,1437,217,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-185@9.[125,1482,192,1603]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A–C. Left quadrate in medial (A), anterior (B), and posterior (C) views. D–F. Left squamosal in ventral (D), lateral (E), and medial (F) views. Arrow indicates suprastapedial/infrastapedial contact. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3D‒F</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is preserved and in good condition. The medial face (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF916722FFD513E187FEF828" box="[121,209,1920,1946]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[112,183,1614,1636]" captionTargetBox="[172,1437,217,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-185@9.[125,1482,192,1603]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A–C. Left quadrate in medial (A), anterior (B), and posterior (C) views. D–F. Left squamosal in ventral (D), lateral (E), and medial (F) views. Arrow indicates suprastapedial/infrastapedial contact. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is marked by an elaborate series of ridges and troughs that would have received corresponding surfaces on the supratemporal. Numerous large foramina are also present. The ventroposterior fossa for articulation with the quadrate (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF916722FC5D154D8361FEF5" box="[1009,1102,300,327]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="9.[112,183,1614,1636]" captionTargetBox="[172,1437,217,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-185@9.[125,1482,192,1603]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 3. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A–C. Left quadrate in medial (A), anterior (B), and posterior (C) views. D–F. Left squamosal in ventral (D), lateral (E), and medial (F) views. Arrow indicates suprastapedial/infrastapedial contact. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||||
) forms a rough isosceles triangle and is shallowly concave. Anterodorsally there is a small but distinct knob marking the posterior terminus of the groove for insertion of the postorbitofrontal processes.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF916722FCCC15D98322FB98" blockId="8.[832,1521,195,1946]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FCCC15D983B4FE66" bold="true" box="[864,1179,440,468]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Dentigerous elements—</emphasis>
|
||||
The premaxilla and the majority of both maxillae and dentaries are present in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF916722FA1B15BC82DFFE45" box="[1463,1520,477,503]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673. The premaxilla (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF916722FB291661822BFDA8" box="[1157,1284,512,538]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[112,183,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[149,1487,223,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-185@10.[117,1510,190,1605]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673, A–C. Premaxilla in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Detail of dorsal ridge. D, E. Right maxilla in lateral (D) and medial (E) views. Scale bars=10 cm." pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4A‒C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is well preserved and complete except for the posteriormost portion of the internarial bar. There is a very short, spatulate edentulous rostrum (5.0 mm). Dorsally, the premaxilla is planar and bears a small median keel or crest (
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF916722FA8E16EC8253FD15" box="[1314,1404,653,679]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
|
||||
) near the base of the internarial bar that is subtriangular in lateral profile (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF916722FC0816B2832FFD5F" box="[932,1024,723,749]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[112,183,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[149,1487,223,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-185@10.[117,1510,190,1605]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673, A–C. Premaxilla in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Detail of dorsal ridge. D, E. Right maxilla in lateral (D) and medial (E) views. Scale bars=10 cm." pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This structure has not been observed in any other specimen of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FB2016948218FCA3" box="[1164,1335,757,785]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF916722FB201694821CFCA3" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1967" box="[1164,1331,757,785]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ectenosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
The posterior terminus of the premaxillary-maxillary suture occurs at the deepest anterior portion of the maxilla (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF916722FACB175D82CDFCE5" box="[1383,1506,828,855]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[112,183,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[149,1487,223,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-185@10.[117,1510,190,1605]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673, A–C. Premaxilla in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Detail of dorsal ridge. D, E. Right maxilla in lateral (D) and medial (E) views. Scale bars=10 cm." pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), at a position even with the fourth maxillary tooth. The internarial bar narrows abruptly behind the premaxillomaxillary suture (the "step-wise constriction" described by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF916722FCC417A8834BFC51" author="Willman, A. J. & T. Konishi & M. W. Caldwell" box="[872,1124,969,996]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="741 - 755" refId="ref18000" refString="Willman, A. J., T. Konishi, and M. W. Caldwell. 2021. A new species of Ectenosaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from western Kansas, USA, reveals a novels suite of osteological characters for the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 58 (9): 741 - 755. [https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2020 - 0175]." type="journal article" year="2021">Willman et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), is triangular in cross section, and expands posteriorly to receive the anterior process from the frontal.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF916722FCCC10528332FA63" blockId="8.[832,1521,195,1946]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
Neither maxilla is complete, so the tooth count can only be estimated. There are ten preserved tooth positions present in the right maxilla and
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF916722FB5710188218FB21" box="[1275,1335,1145,1171]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
|
||||
the left, though there may have been as many as 12 teeth present in each, considering both are missing the posteriormost portion of the tooth row. As noted by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF916722FB05108282C5FB4F" author="Willman, A. J. & T. Konishi & M. W. Caldwell" box="[1193,1514,1251,1277]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="741 - 755" refId="ref18000" refString="Willman, A. J., T. Konishi, and M. W. Caldwell. 2021. A new species of Ectenosaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from western Kansas, USA, reveals a novels suite of osteological characters for the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 58 (9): 741 - 755. [https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2020 - 0175]." type="journal article" year="2021">Willman et al. (2021:744)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, the laterally expanded anterior portion of the external naris extends from the fourth to the midpoint of the seventh tooth in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF916722FC48112C8332FAD5" box="[996,1053,1357,1383]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673, a distance of 3.5 tooth bases, which is slightly longer than that of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF916722FB5F110F8295FA38" box="[1267,1466,1390,1418]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FB5F110F8295FA38" box="[1267,1466,1390,1418]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">E. everhartorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(2.5 tooth bases long), but shorter than
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF916722FB5011F08286FA1F" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1276,1449,1425,1453]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FB5011F08286FA1F" box="[1276,1449,1425,1453]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">E. clidastoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(four tooth bases long).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF916723FCCC11B885C3F887" blockId="8.[832,1521,195,1946]" lastBlockId="9.[112,800,1713,1951]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">
|
||||
The dentaries (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF916722FBB111B883B5FA46" box="[1053,1178,1497,1524]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[112,183,1463,1485]" captionTargetBox="[178,1453,216,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-261@11.[128,1499,191,1445]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A–E. Dentaries in left lateral (A), left medial (B), left dorsal (C), right lateral (D), and right medial (E) views. Scale bars=10 cm." pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5A‒E</figureCitation>
|
||||
) are gracile, delicately constructed bones, more so than in either
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF916722FAEB119A84FBF988" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FAEB119A84FBF988" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">Ectenosaurus clidastoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF916722FBAA127F83F8F988" box="[1030,1239,1566,1594]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FBAA127F83F8F988" box="[1030,1239,1566,1594]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">E. everhartorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. Both the dorsal and ventral margins are straight. There are 13 teeth in each dentary. The anterior portions of the dentaries in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF916722FA0A120782DFF932" box="[1446,1520,1638,1664]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5bc7-5n0c" name="Fort Hays Sternberg Museum" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">FHSM</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF916722FCEC12E8845DF911" box="[832,882,1673,1699]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">VP-</collectionCode>
|
||||
401 are restored with plaster, so a precise tooth count for the generic
|
||||
<typeStatus id="548443DBFF916722FBE412CC8381F975" box="[1096,1198,1709,1735]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||||
is not possible. According to
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF916722FCCC12B18343F958" author="Willman, A. J. & T. Konishi & M. W. Caldwell" box="[864,1132,1744,1770]" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" pagination="741 - 755" refId="ref18000" refString="Willman, A. J., T. Konishi, and M. W. Caldwell. 2021. A new species of Ectenosaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from western Kansas, USA, reveals a novels suite of osteological characters for the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 58 (9): 741 - 755. [https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2020 - 0175]." type="journal article" year="2021">Willman et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, the restored dentaries are too short and do not match the maxillae, and the dentary tooth count of "15 and 14 teeth in the right and left dentaries, respectively" is too low. Based on the unrestored premaxilla and maxillae, they estimate the original dental formula for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF916722FB85131F83FAF828" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1065,1237,1918,1946]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF916722FB85131F83FAF828" box="[1065,1237,1918,1946]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="7">E. clidastoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
to have been 2=17=17 (premaxilla=maxillae=dentary). This trend toward hyperdonty in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF906723FEA712B28680F95D" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1967" box="[267,431,1747,1775]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF906723FEA712B28680F95D" box="[267,431,1747,1775]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Ectenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is incipient in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF906723FDC612B28430F95D" box="[618,799,1747,1775]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF906723FDC612B28434F95D" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[618,795,1747,1775]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes">E. tlemonectes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
where the dental formula is 2=~12=13, nearer to the formula seen in most plioplatecarpines (2=12=12).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF40ADF1FF906723FFDC122F82F8F9CE" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" startId="9.[112,183,1614,1636]" targetBox="[172,1437,217,1589]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF906723FFDC122F82F8F9CE" blockId="9.[112,1495,1613,1660]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF906723FFDC122F87FFF9D1" bold="true" box="[112,208,1614,1636]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF906723FF79122C86F7F9D6" authority="Kiernan & Ebersole, 2023" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[213,472,1613,1636]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF906723FF79122C86F7F9D6" box="[213,472,1613,1636]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Ectenosaurus tlemonectes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2789C10FF906723FE71122E8505F9D6" box="[477,554,1615,1636]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, YPM VP4673.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF906723FD6E122F85DEF9D6" bold="true" box="[706,753,1614,1636]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">A–C.</emphasis>
|
||||
Left quadrate in medial (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF906723FC5E122F832DF9D1" bold="true" box="[1010,1026,1614,1635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">A</emphasis>
|
||||
), anterior (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF906723FBD4122F83A7F9D1" bold="true" box="[1144,1160,1614,1635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">B</emphasis>
|
||||
), and posterior (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF906723FA98122F826DF9D6" bold="true" box="[1332,1346,1614,1636]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">C</emphasis>
|
||||
) views.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF906723FA3A122F82EFF9D1" bold="true" box="[1430,1472,1614,1635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">D–F</emphasis>
|
||||
. Left squamosal in ventral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF906723FE2D120786BDF9C9" bold="true" box="[385,402,1638,1659]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">D</emphasis>
|
||||
), lateral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF906723FE591207852CF9C9" bold="true" box="[501,515,1638,1659]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">E</emphasis>
|
||||
), and medial (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF906723FD3A1207858CF9C9" bold="true" box="[662,675,1638,1659]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">F</emphasis>
|
||||
) views. Arrow indicates suprastapedial/infrastapedial contact. Scale bars=5 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF906723FF3C135F84EAF8C9" blockId="9.[112,800,1713,1951]" lastBlockId="9.[832,1520,1711,1951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
As noted by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF906723FE9E135F855BF8EA" author="Willman, A. J. & T. Konishi & M. W. Caldwell" box="[306,628,1854,1880]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="741 - 755" refId="ref18000" refString="Willman, A. J., T. Konishi, and M. W. Caldwell. 2021. A new species of Ectenosaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from western Kansas, USA, reveals a novels suite of osteological characters for the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 58 (9): 741 - 755. [https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2020 - 0175]." type="journal article" year="2021">Willman et al. (2021:746</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, 752; fig. 8f), in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF906723FF3D130087E5F8C9" box="[145,202,1889,1915]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673 the strap-like medial parapet is raised above the level of the lateral wall in the dentaries, as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF906723FCEC12CE84C4F979" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[832,1003,1711,1739]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF906723FCEC12CE84C4F979" box="[832,1003,1711,1739]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">E. clidastoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF906723FB8A12CE83DCF979" box="[1062,1267,1711,1739]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF906723FB8A12CE83C1F979" box="[1062,1262,1711,1739]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">E. everhartorum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
as well as the highly derived
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF906723FC0E12B2827AF95D" authority="Dollo (1882)" authorityName="Dollo" authorityYear="1882" box="[930,1365,1747,1775]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Plioplatecarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marshi">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF906723FC0E12B2839AF95D" box="[930,1205,1747,1775]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Plioplatecarpus marshi</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF906723FB1512B5827AF95D" author="Dollo, L." box="[1209,1365,1748,1775]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="55 - 80" refId="ref14428" refString="Dollo, L. 1882. Note sur l'osteologie des Mosasauridae. Bulletin du Musee Royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique 1: 55 - 80." type="journal article" year="1882">Dollo (1882)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, a surprising similarity given the latter's phylogenetic distance from
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF906723FCEC137884C5F887" box="[832,1002,1817,1845]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF906723FCEC137884C9F887" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1967" box="[832,998,1817,1845]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ectenosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF906723FC5E137B8218F887" author="Willman, A. J. & T. Konishi & M. W. Caldwell" box="[1010,1335,1818,1845]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="741 - 755" refId="ref18000" refString="Willman, A. J., T. Konishi, and M. W. Caldwell. 2021. A new species of Ectenosaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from western Kansas, USA, reveals a novels suite of osteological characters for the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 58 (9): 741 - 755. [https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2020 - 0175]." type="journal article" year="2021">Willman et al. (2021:752)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
explained this as a case convergent evolution, a conclusion with which we concur.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF906720FCCC13E58548F82D" blockId="9.[832,1520,1711,1951]" lastBlockId="10.[112,800,1713,1951]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
|
||||
A small edentulous prow is present on the dentary, which on the right is severely deformed, probably from a healed injury (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF936720FE9D12B58659F95D" box="[305,374,1748,1775]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[113,184,1350,1372]" captionTargetBox="[142,1483,218,1315]" captionTargetId="figure-254@12.[112,1519,191,1332]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP 4673, A–D. Detail of pathologic and non-pathologic anterior terminus of left dentary in left lateral (nonpathologic) (A), right lateral (pathologic) (B), right medial (pathologic) (C), and right dorsal (pathologic) (D) views. Scale bars for A–C=5 cm. Scale bar for D=3 cm." pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||||
); the deformation involves the first dentary tooth. A very large and elongate, longitudinally oriented foramen is present below the tenth tooth position, a character also present in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF936720FE51135D85E4F8EA" box="[509,715,1852,1880]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF936720FE51135D85E9F8EA" box="[509,710,1852,1880]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">E. everhartorum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
where the foramen occurs between the tenth and eleventh dentary teeth (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF936720FE8713E58579F82C" author="Willman, A. J. & T. Konishi & M. W. Caldwell" box="[299,598,1924,1951]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="741 - 755" refId="ref18000" refString="Willman, A. J., T. Konishi, and M. W. Caldwell. 2021. A new species of Ectenosaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from western Kansas, USA, reveals a novels suite of osteological characters for the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 58 (9): 741 - 755. [https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2020 - 0175]." type="journal article" year="2021">Willman et al. 2021:746</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF40ADF1FF936720FFDC122E8418F9CC" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" startId="10.[112,183,1615,1637]" targetBox="[149,1487,223,1589]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF936720FFDC122E8418F9CC" blockId="10.[112,1506,1615,1663]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF936720FFDC122E87FFF9D7" bold="true" box="[112,208,1615,1637]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF936720FF79122E86F7F9D4" authority="Kiernan & Ebersole, 2023" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[213,472,1615,1638]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF936720FF79122E86F7F9D4" box="[213,472,1615,1638]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Ectenosaurus tlemonectes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2789C10FF936720FE7112318505F9D7" box="[477,554,1616,1637]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, YPM VP4673,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF936720FD6E122E85C4F9D7" bold="true" box="[706,747,1615,1637]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">A–C</emphasis>
|
||||
. Premaxilla in dorsal (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF936720FC7C122E84CFF9D6" bold="true" box="[976,992,1615,1636]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
|
||||
) and ventral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF936720FBDD123183AEF9D7" bold="true" box="[1137,1153,1616,1637]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
|
||||
) views.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF936720FB79122E83CCF9D7" bold="true" box="[1237,1251,1615,1637]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
|
||||
. Detail of dorsal ridge. D, E. Right maxilla in lateral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF936720FED1120886A1F9CC" bold="true" box="[381,398,1641,1662]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">D</emphasis>
|
||||
) and medial (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF936720FDB112088504F9CC" bold="true" box="[541,555,1641,1662]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">E</emphasis>
|
||||
) views. Scale bars=10 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF936720FCCC12D0849EF8C8" blockId="10.[832,1520,1713,1950]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
A fragment of the left pterygoid is present, preserving the bases of seven teeth and the base of the ectopterygoid process. The preserved portion of the tooth row is straight as in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF936720FC47137882E8F887" authority="(Willman et al. 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Willman" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[1003,1479,1817,1845]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF936720FC471378839BF887" box="[1003,1204,1817,1845]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">E. everhartorum</emphasis>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF936720FB6A137B8293F887" author="Willman, A. J. & T. Konishi & M. W. Caldwell" box="[1222,1468,1818,1845]" pageId="10" pageNumber="9" pagination="741 - 755" refId="ref18000" refString="Willman, A. J., T. Konishi, and M. W. Caldwell. 2021. A new species of Ectenosaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from western Kansas, USA, reveals a novels suite of osteological characters for the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 58 (9): 741 - 755. [https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2020 - 0175]." type="journal article" year="2021">Willman et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, as opposed to the sigmoidal shape common to plioplatecarpines.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF936721FCCC13E382DFF98F" blockId="10.[832,1520,1713,1950]" lastBlockId="11.[832,1520,1571,1949]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF936720FCCC13E384FFF82C" bold="true" box="[864,976,1922,1950]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Jugals—</emphasis>
|
||||
Portions of both jugals are preserved (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF936721FA6D13E28799F98F" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[112,183,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[245,1374,215,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[171,1448,192,1872]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A, B. Right coronoid in lateral (A) and medial (B) views. C, D. Left jugal in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. E, F. Right jugal in lateral (E) and medial (F) views. Scale bars for A, B=5 cm. Scale bar for C–F=2 cm." lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="10" pageNumber="9">Fig. 7C‒F</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Posteroventral processes are present on both, though a considerable degree of asymmetry exists between the two elements. The process is small on the right jugal (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF926721FF1612ED861EF915" box="[186,305,1676,1703]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[112,183,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[245,1374,215,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[171,1448,192,1872]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A, B. Right coronoid in lateral (A) and medial (B) views. C, D. Left jugal in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. E, F. Right jugal in lateral (E) and medial (F) views. Scale bars for A, B=5 cm. Scale bar for C–F=2 cm." pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Fig. 7C, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), but far more developed on the left (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF926721FD5D12ED879DF978" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[112,183,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[245,1374,215,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[171,1448,192,1872]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A, B. Right coronoid in lateral (A) and medial (B) views. C, D. Left jugal in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. E, F. Right jugal in lateral (E) and medial (F) views. Scale bars for A, B=5 cm. Scale bar for C–F=2 cm." pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Fig. 7E, F</figureCitation>
|
||||
), where it forms a scalloped posterior border for the vertical ramus. While we suspect this asymmetry is the result of pathology, additional examples of the species will be needed to determine which jugal exhibits the abnormality. A deep triangular depression on the lateral surface of the vertical ramus marks the point of articulation with the postorbitofrontal. The vertical ramus is short, less than 50% of the length of the horizontal ramus.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF40ADF1FF926721FFDC11D6856EFA54" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" startId="11.[112,183,1463,1485]" targetBox="[178,1453,216,1431]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF926721FFDC11D6856EFA54" blockId="11.[112,1517,1463,1511]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF926721FFDC11D687E0FA7F" bold="true" box="[112,207,1463,1485]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF926721FF7911D686F8FA7C" authority="Kiernan & Ebersole, 2023" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[213,471,1463,1486]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF926721FF7911D686F8FA7C" box="[213,471,1463,1486]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Ectenosaurus tlemonectes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2789C10FF926721FE7111D98505FA7F" box="[477,554,1464,1485]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, YPM VP4673.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF926721FD6E11D685C5FA7E" bold="true" box="[706,746,1463,1484]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">A–E</emphasis>
|
||||
. Dentaries in left lateral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF926721FC4211D684D1FA7E" bold="true" box="[1006,1022,1463,1484]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">A</emphasis>
|
||||
), left medial (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF926721FB2111D983B2FA7F" bold="true" box="[1165,1181,1464,1485]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">B</emphasis>
|
||||
), left dorsal (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF926721FA8911D6821CFA7F" bold="true" box="[1317,1331,1463,1485]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">C</emphasis>
|
||||
), right lateral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF926721FA6211D982F0FA7F" bold="true" box="[1486,1503,1464,1485]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">D</emphasis>
|
||||
), and right medial (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF926721FE8B11B0861AFA54" bold="true" box="[295,309,1489,1510]" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">E</emphasis>
|
||||
) views. Scale bars=10 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF926726FCCC122586A3F82F" blockId="11.[832,1520,1571,1949]" lastBlockId="12.[112,800,1465,1949]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF926721FCCC1225832DF9D2" bold="true" box="[864,1026,1604,1632]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Coronoids—</emphasis>
|
||||
In most russellosaurines, the coronoid is a short, saddle-shaped wedge of bone straddling the anterodorsal margin of the surangular, which it encloses to varying degrees between simple medial and lateral descending processes or wings that reach the prearticular. In the plioplatecarpines, these wings are usually short, compared with those of mosasaurines. In
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF926721FAEB137B82AFF886" box="[1351,1408,1818,1844]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="10" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673, only the right coronoid (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF926721FBD8135D83DFF8E5" box="[1140,1264,1852,1879]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[112,183,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[245,1374,215,1847]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[171,1448,192,1872]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A, B. Right coronoid in lateral (A) and medial (B) views. C, D. Left jugal in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. E, F. Right jugal in lateral (E) and medial (F) views. Scale bars for A, B=5 cm. Scale bar for C–F=2 cm." pageId="11" pageNumber="10">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
) is preserved and is slightly crushed lateromedially.As with most russellosaurines, the coronoid is a slender, short, selliform element divided into lateral and medial wings which straddle the anterodorsal surface of the surangular. The coronoid dorsal margin is concave, and the ascending posterior process was well-developed, though the apex of the crest is missing. The stout medial wing would have overlapped the dorsomedial margin of the surangular, and the interior surface of this wing is highly vascularized, marked by numerous foramina. In contrast, the anterolateral wing is very short, and hardly more than a low, diagonal ridge. The shallow anteromedial bifurcation ("cleft" of
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF956726FFDC1378866EF886" author="Russell, D. A." box="[112,321,1817,1844]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 241" refId="ref16943" refString="Russell, D. A. 1967. Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs (Reptilia, Sauria). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 23: 1 - 241." type="journal article" year="1967">Russell 1967:53</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
) is long and well-defined, extending more than a third of the bone's length. We will discuss the coronoid of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF956726FE99133F86F6F8C8" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1967" box="[309,473,1886,1914]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF956726FE99133F86F6F8C8" box="[309,473,1886,1914]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Ectenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
further in our description of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF956726FF2313E3862EF82F" box="[143,257,1922,1949]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/93n4-xhed" name="Alabama Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" type="Museum">ALMNH</collectionCode>
|
||||
:Paleo:5452.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF40ADF1FF956726FFDD11278566FA3C" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" startId="12.[113,184,1350,1372]" targetBox="[142,1483,218,1315]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF956726FFDD11278566FA3C" blockId="12.[112,1505,1349,1423]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF956726FFDD112787FFFAE9" bold="true" box="[113,208,1350,1372]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF956726FF7A112486F6FAEE" authority="Kiernan & Ebersole, 2023" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[214,473,1349,1372]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF956726FF7A112486F6FAEE" box="[214,473,1349,1372]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Ectenosaurus tlemonectes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2789C10FF956726FE7211268504FAEE" box="[478,555,1351,1372]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, YPM VP 4673,
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF956726FD64112785DBFAE9" bold="true" box="[712,756,1350,1371]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">A–D</emphasis>
|
||||
. Detail of pathologic and non-pathologic anterior terminus of left dentary in left lateral (nonpathologic) (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF956726FE07113E8694FAC6" bold="true" box="[427,443,1375,1396]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">A</emphasis>
|
||||
), right lateral (pathologic) (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF956726FD74110185C7FAC7" bold="true" box="[728,744,1376,1397]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">B</emphasis>
|
||||
), right medial (pathologic) (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF956726FBA6113E8337FAC7" bold="true" box="[1034,1048,1375,1397]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">C</emphasis>
|
||||
), and right dorsal (pathologic) (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF956726FAF31101825FFAC7" bold="true" box="[1375,1392,1376,1397]" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">D</emphasis>
|
||||
) views. Scale bars for A–C=5 cm. Scale bar for D=3 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF956725FCCC11D687D0FEB2" blockId="12.[832,1520,1463,1949]" lastBlockId="15.[112,801,194,1946]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF956726FCCC11D683F2FA61" bold="true" box="[864,1245,1463,1491]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Articular and Surangular—</emphasis>
|
||||
The majority of both the left and right surangular-articular units are preserved (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF956726FC0E119E84C8F9AB" box="[930,999,1535,1561]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[112,183,1666,1688]" captionTargetBox="[177,1450,211,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-106@14.[117,1513,192,1649]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A, B. Left surangular-articular in lateral (A) and medial (B) views. C. Close-up of glenoid fossa in lateral view. D. Close-up of glenoid fossa in medial view. E. Close-up of glenoid fossa in dorsal view. Arrow indicates postglenoid notch. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||||
), though the left is the most complete. The dorsal margin of the surangular is slightly concave and broadens anteriorly as it approaches the contact with the coronoid, expanding from a height of about 3–~
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF956726FA7312088447F915" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="11" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
|
||||
. The surangular-articular suture is obvious on the lateral side of the left mandible (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF956726FB7012CE8254F978" box="[1244,1403,1711,1738]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[112,183,1666,1688]" captionTargetBox="[177,1450,211,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-106@14.[117,1513,192,1649]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A, B. Left surangular-articular in lateral (A) and medial (B) views. C. Close-up of glenoid fossa in lateral view. D. Close-up of glenoid fossa in medial view. E. Close-up of glenoid fossa in dorsal view. Arrow indicates postglenoid notch. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="12" pageNumber="11">Fig. 8A, B, D</figureCitation>
|
||||
), curving beneath the glenoid fossa before running more or less straight beneath the coronoid to the intramadibular joint. The right and left articulars are both missing their posteroventral corners, but the ventral margins appear to have been generally straight. Most of the glenoid fossa is located on the articular. The posterodorsal tongue of the surangular terminates abruptly in a rugose, highly vascularized vertical face that forms the anterior wall of the glenoid fossa (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF976724FEDE132086E3F8E9" box="[370,460,1857,1883]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[112,183,1666,1688]" captionTargetBox="[177,1450,211,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-106@14.[117,1513,192,1649]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A, B. Left surangular-articular in lateral (A) and medial (B) views. C. Close-up of glenoid fossa in lateral view. D. Close-up of glenoid fossa in medial view. E. Close-up of glenoid fossa in dorsal view. Arrow indicates postglenoid notch. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF976724FE4C13208434F8E9" author="Willman, A. J. & T. Konishi & M. W. Caldwell" box="[480,795,1857,1884]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" pagination="741 - 755" refId="ref18000" refString="Willman, A. J., T. Konishi, and M. W. Caldwell. 2021. A new species of Ectenosaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from western Kansas, USA, reveals a novels suite of osteological characters for the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 58 (9): 741 - 755. [https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2020 - 0175]." type="journal article" year="2021">Willman et al. (2021:747</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
; fig. 12) stressed the presence of a "distinct notch on the dorsal surface...just prior to the glenoid fossae" in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF976724FCA513E78388F8A7" box="[777,1191,1785,1954]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF976724FCA513E784FFF8A7" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[777,976,1785,1954]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">E. clidastoides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF976724FC761298838DF8A7" box="[986,1186,1785,1813]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">E. everhartorum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF976724FB4C129A8236F8A7" box="[1248,1305,1787,1813]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673 (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF976724FA3C129A82C8F8A7" box="[1424,1511,1787,1813]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[112,183,1666,1688]" captionTargetBox="[177,1450,211,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-106@14.[117,1513,192,1649]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A, B. Left surangular-articular in lateral (A) and medial (B) views. C. Close-up of glenoid fossa in lateral view. D. Close-up of glenoid fossa in medial view. E. Close-up of glenoid fossa in dorsal view. Arrow indicates postglenoid notch. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||||
) as a character "absent in all other mosasauroids" and therefore considered diagnostic of the genus by those authors. In
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF976724FC7E13048324F8CD" box="[978,1035,1893,1919]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673, portions of the glenoid fossa are bordered dorsally and medially on both the angular and surangular by a thick, raised rim with rounded edges (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF966725FFD5148487DDFEB2" box="[121,242,229,256]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="14.[112,183,1666,1688]" captionTargetBox="[177,1450,211,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-106@14.[117,1513,192,1649]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 8. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A, B. Left surangular-articular in lateral (A) and medial (B) views. C. Close-up of glenoid fossa in lateral view. D. Close-up of glenoid fossa in medial view. E. Close-up of glenoid fossa in dorsal view. Arrow indicates postglenoid notch. Scale bars=5 cm." pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 8B, C</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF40ADF1FF946727FFDC130A82B0F828" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" startId="13.[112,183,1899,1921]" targetBox="[245,1374,215,1847]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF946727FFDC130A82B0F828" blockId="13.[112,1489,1899,1947]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF946727FFDC130A87FFF833" bold="true" box="[112,208,1899,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF946727FF79130A86F7F830" authority="Kiernan & Ebersole, 2023" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[213,472,1899,1922]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF946727FF79130A86F7F830" box="[213,472,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Ectenosaurus tlemonectes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2789C10FF946727FE71130D8505F833" box="[477,554,1900,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, YPM VP4673.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF946727FD6E130A85C3F833" bold="true" box="[706,748,1899,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
. Right coronoid in lateral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF946727FC51130A8322F832" bold="true" box="[1021,1037,1899,1920]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
|
||||
) and medial (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF946727FB37130D8384F833" bold="true" box="[1179,1195,1900,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">B</emphasis>
|
||||
) views.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF946727FB52130A8207F833" bold="true" box="[1278,1320,1899,1921]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">C, D</emphasis>
|
||||
. Left jugal in lateral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF946727FF0A13E4879BF829" bold="true" box="[166,180,1925,1947]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
|
||||
) and medial (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF946727FEEE13E4867CF828" bold="true" box="[322,339,1925,1946]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
|
||||
) views.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF946727FE0B13E486E2F828" bold="true" box="[423,461,1925,1946]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">E, F</emphasis>
|
||||
. Right jugal in lateral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF946727FD1F13E485EEF828" bold="true" box="[691,705,1925,1946]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">E</emphasis>
|
||||
) and medial (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF946727FCFC13E48472F828" bold="true" box="[848,861,1925,1946]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">F</emphasis>
|
||||
) views. Scale bars for A, B=5 cm. Scale bar for C–F=2 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<caption id="DF40ADF1FF976724FFDC12E3869FF978" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" startId="14.[112,183,1666,1688]" targetBox="[177,1450,211,1623]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF976724FFDC12E3869FF978" blockId="14.[112,1518,1665,1739]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF976724FFDC12E387FFF925" bold="true" box="[112,208,1666,1688]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF976724FF7912E086F7F92A" authority="Kiernan & Ebersole, 2023" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[213,472,1665,1688]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF976724FF7912E086F7F92A" box="[213,472,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">Ectenosaurus tlemonectes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2789C10FF976724FE7112E28505F92A" box="[477,554,1667,1688]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, YPM VP4673.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF976724FD6E12E385C3F925" bold="true" box="[706,748,1666,1687]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">A, B</emphasis>
|
||||
. Left surangular-articular in lateral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF976724FBCE12E3835DF925" bold="true" box="[1122,1138,1666,1687]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">A</emphasis>
|
||||
) and medial (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF976724FAAC12E3823FF925" bold="true" box="[1280,1296,1666,1687]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">B</emphasis>
|
||||
) views.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF976724FAC812E3825DF92A" bold="true" box="[1380,1394,1666,1688]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">C</emphasis>
|
||||
. Close-up of glenoid fossa in lateral view.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF976724FE3812FD868AF903" bold="true" box="[404,421,1692,1713]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">D</emphasis>
|
||||
. Close-up of glenoid fossa in medial view.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF976724FCFC12FD8471F903" bold="true" box="[848,862,1692,1713]" pageId="14" pageNumber="13">E</emphasis>
|
||||
. Close-up of glenoid fossa in dorsal view. Arrow indicates postglenoid notch. Scale bars=5 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF966725FF3C156685F7FC51" blockId="15.[112,801,194,1946]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF966725FF3C156686BCFE91" bold="true" box="[144,403,263,291]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Splenial-Angular—</emphasis>
|
||||
Portions of both splenials and angulars are present (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF966725FED7154D86DBFEF4" box="[379,500,300,326]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[112,183,1546,1568]" captionTargetBox="[161,1466,208,1518]" captionTargetId="figure-159@16.[141,1485,191,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A–E. Left angular in lateral (A), medial (B), anterior (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (E) views. F–H. Right angular in lateral (F), anterior (G), and medial (H) views. I–K. Right splenial in lateral (I), anterior (J), and dorsal (K) view. L. Articulated right splenial and angular. Arrows point to pathologic ventral rugosity on left angular. Abbreviations: SAS, surangular articulation surface. Scale bars for A–E, I–K, L=5 cm. Scale bars for F–H=3 cm." pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9A–L</figureCitation>
|
||||
), including the articulating faces for all four elements.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF966725FE4F152E840FFED8" author="Willman, A. J. & T. Konishi & M. W. Caldwell" box="[483,800,335,362]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="741 - 755" refId="ref18000" refString="Willman, A. J., T. Konishi, and M. W. Caldwell. 2021. A new species of Ectenosaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from western Kansas, USA, reveals a novels suite of osteological characters for the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 58 (9): 741 - 755. [https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2020 - 0175]." type="journal article" year="2021">Willman et al. (2021:747)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described the posterior surface of the splenials in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF966725FCA515108632FE02" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF966725FCA515108632FE02" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">E. everhartorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF966725FECD15F5853CFE02" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[353,531,404,432]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF966725FECD15F5853CFE02" box="[353,531,404,432]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">E. clidastoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as possessing a "robust, dorsomedially expanding flange" giving an "overall square shape, in which they are almost equidimensional in height and width." Neither splenial of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF966725FDFD166185A5FDA8" box="[593,650,512,538]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673 has a complete articulating surface, and the left is slightly crushed lateromedially, but both have curving margins and appear to have been more rounded than square (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF966725FFD516ED87E5FD14" box="[121,202,652,678]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[112,183,1546,1568]" captionTargetBox="[161,1466,208,1518]" captionTargetId="figure-159@16.[141,1485,191,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A–E. Left angular in lateral (A), medial (B), anterior (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (E) views. F–H. Right angular in lateral (F), anterior (G), and medial (H) views. I–K. Right splenial in lateral (I), anterior (J), and dorsal (K) view. L. Articulated right splenial and angular. Arrows point to pathologic ventral rugosity on left angular. Abbreviations: SAS, surangular articulation surface. Scale bars for A–E, I–K, L=5 cm. Scale bars for F–H=3 cm." pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9J</figureCitation>
|
||||
). Therefore, we do not consider a splenial with a squared articulating surface as diagnostic of the genus
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF966725FD5616CF87D2FD5F" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF966725FD5616CF87D6FD5F" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1967" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ectenosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Only the anterior termini of the angulars are preserved (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF966725FF5016948653FCA2" box="[252,380,757,784]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[112,183,1546,1568]" captionTargetBox="[161,1466,208,1518]" captionTargetId="figure-159@16.[141,1485,191,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A–E. Left angular in lateral (A), medial (B), anterior (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (E) views. F–H. Right angular in lateral (F), anterior (G), and medial (H) views. I–K. Right splenial in lateral (I), anterior (J), and dorsal (K) view. L. Articulated right splenial and angular. Arrows point to pathologic ventral rugosity on left angular. Abbreviations: SAS, surangular articulation surface. Scale bars for A–E, I–K, L=5 cm. Scale bars for F–H=3 cm." pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9A‒H</figureCitation>
|
||||
). While the left is less crushed, the right includes enough of the lateral wing that the surface for its contact with the surangular is preserved (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF966725FD16175D843CFCE4" box="[698,787,828,854]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[112,183,1546,1568]" captionTargetBox="[161,1466,208,1518]" captionTargetId="figure-159@16.[141,1485,191,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A–E. Left angular in lateral (A), medial (B), anterior (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (E) views. F–H. Right angular in lateral (F), anterior (G), and medial (H) views. I–K. Right splenial in lateral (I), anterior (J), and dorsal (K) view. L. Articulated right splenial and angular. Arrows point to pathologic ventral rugosity on left angular. Abbreviations: SAS, surangular articulation surface. Scale bars for A–E, I–K, L=5 cm. Scale bars for F–H=3 cm." pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
|
||||
). This surface is marked by pronounced horizontal striations and, unlike the condition present in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF966725FDC317E08435FC2F" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[623,794,897,925]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF966725FDC317E08435FC2F" box="[623,794,897,925]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">E. clidastoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, its ascending margin is distinctly recurved posteriorly, a trait here considered diagnostic of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF966725FD8E17A685F7FC51" box="[546,728,967,995]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF966725FD8E17A685FCFC51" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[546,723,967,995]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes">E. tlemonectes</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF966725FF3C178D868CF911" blockId="15.[112,801,194,1946]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
The splenio-articular joint in mosasaurs is usually described as a simple ball-and-socket joint (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF966725FD20106E8435FB9B" author="Camp, C. L." box="[652,794,1039,1065]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref13967" refString="Camp, C. L. 1942. California mosasaurs. Memoirs of the University of California 13 (1): 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1942">Camp 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF966725FFDC10538637FBFE" author="Russell, D. A." box="[112,280,1074,1100]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 241" refId="ref16943" refString="Russell, D. A. 1967. Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs (Reptilia, Sauria). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 23: 1 - 241." type="journal article" year="1967">Russell 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF966725FE8510538688FBFE" author="Bell, G. L., Jr." box="[297,423,1074,1100]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" refId="ref13795" refString="Bell, G. L., Jr. 1997. A phylogenetic revision of North American and Adriatic Mosasauroidea. Pp. 293 - 332 in J. M. Callaway and E. L. Nichols (eds.). Ancient Marine Reptiles. Academic Press, San Diego." type="book" year="1997">Bell 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF966725FE14105385DAFBFE" author="Rieppel, O. & H. Zaher" box="[440,757,1074,1100]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref16825" refString="Rieppel, O., and H. Zaher. 2000. The intramandibular joint in squamates, and the phylogenetic relationships of the fossil snake Pachyrachis problematicus Haas. Fieldiana: Geology, New Series 43: 1 - 69. [https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3584]." type="book chapter" year="2000">Rieppel and Zaher 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), a cotyle (splenial)-condyle (angular) articulation that often fails to reflect the wide range of variation between taxa;
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF966725FFDC10FD86FCFB04" author="Rieppel, O. & H. Zaher" box="[112,467,1180,1206]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 69" refId="ref16825" refString="Rieppel, O., and H. Zaher. 2000. The intramandibular joint in squamates, and the phylogenetic relationships of the fossil snake Pachyrachis problematicus Haas. Fieldiana: Geology, New Series 43: 1 - 69. [https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3584]." type="book chapter" year="2000">Rieppel and Zaher (2000:8)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, for example, described it simply as "the splenial is the receiving part, the angular the received part." In
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF966725FED01082869AFB4F" box="[380,437,1251,1277]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673, the splenio-angular joint is more complex (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF966725FE22116486C8FA92" box="[398,487,1285,1312]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[112,183,1546,1568]" captionTargetBox="[161,1466,208,1518]" captionTargetId="figure-159@16.[141,1485,191,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A–E. Left angular in lateral (A), medial (B), anterior (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (E) views. F–H. Right angular in lateral (F), anterior (G), and medial (H) views. I–K. Right splenial in lateral (I), anterior (J), and dorsal (K) view. L. Articulated right splenial and angular. Arrows point to pathologic ventral rugosity on left angular. Abbreviations: SAS, surangular articulation surface. Scale bars for A–E, I–K, L=5 cm. Scale bars for F–H=3 cm." pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9L</figureCitation>
|
||||
), with each element contributing to the cotyle/condyle arrangement in a contact consisting of a series of more or less vertically oriented ridges and sulci. A deep median sulcus is present on the angular, for example, receiving a matching ridge on the splenial, while strong medial and lateral ridges have matching splenial sulci. While it is possible to deduce the general nature of the splenio-angular joint in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF966725FD4B119D840FF9A4" box="[743,800,1532,1558]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673, deformation has altered the details of the articular faces of the angulars (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF966725FE3212238539F9EE" box="[414,534,1602,1628]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[112,183,1546,1568]" captionTargetBox="[161,1466,208,1518]" captionTargetId="figure-159@16.[141,1485,191,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A–E. Left angular in lateral (A), medial (B), anterior (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (E) views. F–H. Right angular in lateral (F), anterior (G), and medial (H) views. I–K. Right splenial in lateral (I), anterior (J), and dorsal (K) view. L. Articulated right splenial and angular. Arrows point to pathologic ventral rugosity on left angular. Abbreviations: SAS, surangular articulation surface. Scale bars for A–E, I–K, L=5 cm. Scale bars for F–H=3 cm." pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9B, G</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The elements do not match, and it is unclear which most closely approximates the original morphology.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF966725FF3C12CD869AF8C4" blockId="15.[112,801,194,1946]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
An anteroventral rugosity on the right angular appears to be pathologic (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF966725FEEF12AE86B4F95B" box="[323,411,1743,1769]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="16.[112,183,1546,1568]" captionTargetBox="[161,1466,208,1518]" captionTargetId="figure-159@16.[141,1485,191,1531]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 9. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A–E. Left angular in lateral (A), medial (B), anterior (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (E) views. F–H. Right angular in lateral (F), anterior (G), and medial (H) views. I–K. Right splenial in lateral (I), anterior (J), and dorsal (K) view. L. Articulated right splenial and angular. Arrows point to pathologic ventral rugosity on left angular. Abbreviations: SAS, surangular articulation surface. Scale bars for A–E, I–K, L=5 cm. Scale bars for F–H=3 cm." pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), as it is absent on the left angular. Considering the severe damage to the anterior end of the right dentary, it is possible this pathology resulted from the same trauma, produced by torsion inflicted on the intramandibular joint.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF966725FF3C131F82DFFDAB" blockId="15.[112,801,194,1946]" lastBlockId="15.[832,1521,194,1945]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF966725FF3C131F864AF828" bold="true" box="[144,357,1918,1946]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Neurocranium—</emphasis>
|
||||
As with much of the posterior portion of the skull of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF966725FC4814A28332FF6F" box="[996,1053,195,221]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673, the occipital unit has suffered considerable weathering prior to collection. However, much of the neurocranium is preserved. Elements identified include the basiocciptal,, supraoccipital, the left parocciptal process of the opisthotic, and portions of the prootic.It is likely that much of the basicranial circulatory pattern can be reconstructed, as the periotic labyrinth is often well preserved. This aspect of the morphology of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF966725FCEC15BD8456FE44" box="[832,889,476,502]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673 will be the focus of a future collaborative study between the senior author and M.J. Polcyn (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF966725FA0E159E82CBFDAB" box="[1442,1508,511,537]" country="South Korea" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sv00-20xv" name="Sangmiung University" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">SMU</collectionCode>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF966725FCCC1640831CFAF1" blockId="15.[832,1521,194,1945]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF966725FCCC164084E9FD8F" bold="true" box="[864,966,545,573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Teeth—</emphasis>
|
||||
Almost all the marginal teeth of YP VP4673 have broken free of the bone and been lost during post-exposure weathering and/or during collection of the specimen. The few teeth that remain
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF966725FADD16EB8290FD14" box="[1393,1471,650,678]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">in situ</emphasis>
|
||||
are incomplete and missing their apices, though the apices can be observed for several replacement teeth. Possible pterygoid teeth are also present, but none are attached to the preserved fragments of the pterygoids. Preserved marginal teeth include the third tooth in the left dentary (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF966725FCE5173E84EBFCC8" box="[841,964,863,890]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[112,183,1463,1485]" captionTargetBox="[178,1453,216,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-261@11.[128,1499,191,1445]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A–E. Dentaries in left lateral (A), left medial (B), left dorsal (C), right lateral (D), and right medial (E) views. Scale bars=10 cm." pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
), the third, fourth, fifth, and seventh teeth in the right dentary (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF966725FB8117E38383FC2F" box="[1069,1196,898,925]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[112,183,1463,1485]" captionTargetBox="[178,1453,216,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-261@11.[128,1499,191,1445]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. A–E. Dentaries in left lateral (A), left medial (B), left dorsal (C), right lateral (D), and right medial (E) views. Scale bars=10 cm." pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 5D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), the fifth right maxillary tooth (with replacement tooth) (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF966725FB4317C4825BFC72" box="[1263,1396,933,960]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[112,183,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[149,1487,223,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-185@10.[117,1510,190,1605]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673, A–C. Premaxilla in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Detail of dorsal ridge. D, E. Right maxilla in lateral (D) and medial (E) views. Scale bars=10 cm." pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4D, E</figureCitation>
|
||||
), and the second left maxillary tooth (not figured). None of the four premaxillary teeth are preserved, but the bases indicate they may have been slightly prognathous (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF966725FA6D106E84ACFBFF" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[112,183,1615,1637]" captionTargetBox="[149,1487,223,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-185@10.[117,1510,190,1605]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673, A–C. Premaxilla in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Detail of dorsal ridge. D, E. Right maxilla in lateral (D) and medial (E) views. Scale bars=10 cm." pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||||
). The bony tooth base is significantly taller in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF966725FA1B105282DFFBFF" box="[1463,1520,1075,1101]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673 than in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF966725FBA410358396FBC2" box="[1032,1209,1108,1136]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF966725FBA41035839BFBC2" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1032,1204,1108,1136]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">E. clidastoides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
more closely resembling the condition present in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF966725FBD010168482FB0A" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF966725FBD010168268FB21" box="[1148,1351,1143,1171]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">E. everhartorum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF966725FAF910188486FB0A" authorityName="Polcyn and Everhart" authorityYear="2008" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Selmasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnsoni">Selmasaurus johnsoni</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF966725FC4A10FB8294FB04" authority="Cope (1869)" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1869" box="[998,1467,1178,1208]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Platecarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tympaniticus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF966725FC4A10FB8233FB0A" box="[998,1308,1178,1208]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">Platecarpus tympaniticus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF966725FA8C10FD8294FB04" author="Cope, E. D." box="[1312,1467,1180,1206]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="250 - 256" refId="ref14138" refString="Cope, E. D. 1869. On the reptilian orders Pythonomorpha and Streptosauria. Proceedings, Boston Society of Natural History 12: 250 - 256." type="journal article" year="1869">Cope (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. For example, the bony base of the fifth right dentary tooth (the most complete, preserving all but the cusp) is
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF966725FA651083845EFA92" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="5.8">5.8 mm</quantity>
|
||||
tall labially, while the preserved portion of the crown measures
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF966725FC1311488300FAF1" box="[959,1071,1321,1347]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="14.9">14.9 mm</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF96673BFCCC112D8674FEF4" blockId="15.[832,1521,194,1945]" lastBlockId="17.[112,800,193,890]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF966725FCCC112D837EFAD4" author="Russell, D. A." box="[864,1105,1356,1383]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 241" refId="ref16943" refString="Russell, D. A. 1967. Systematics and morphology of American mosasaurs (Reptilia, Sauria). Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 23: 1 - 241." type="journal article" year="1967">Russell (1967:156)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
did not describe the dentition of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF966725FCEC110E84A4FA3B" box="[832,907,1391,1417]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5bc7-5n0c" name="Fort Hays Sternberg Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">FHSM</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF966725FC39110E84E9FA3B" box="[917,966,1391,1417]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">VP-</collectionCode>
|
||||
<quantity id="4CC7509CFF966725FC69110E833BFA3B" box="[965,1044,1391,1417]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01854" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" unit="in" value="401.0">401 in</quantity>
|
||||
any detail, beyond noting the dental formula and that the teeth are "bicarinate, vertically striated, and medially recurved." However, additional observations are made here based on photographs provided to us by M.J. Polcyn (
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF966725FBDA119D8398F9A4" box="[1142,1207,1532,1558]" country="South Korea" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sv00-20xv" name="Sangmiung University" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">SMU</collectionCode>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF966725FB6A119D82ECF9A4" author="Willman, A. J. & T. Konishi & M. W. Caldwell" box="[1222,1475,1532,1558]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="741 - 755" refId="ref18000" refString="Willman, A. J., T. Konishi, and M. W. Caldwell. 2021. A new species of Ectenosaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from western Kansas, USA, reveals a novels suite of osteological characters for the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 58 (9): 741 - 755. [https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2020 - 0175]." type="journal article" year="2021">Willman et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
say nothing about the tooth morphology of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF966725FA88127F82DFF988" box="[1316,1520,1566,1594]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF966725FA88127F82C3F988" box="[1316,1516,1566,1594]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">E. everhartorum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
Other than the second left maxillary tooth and the apices of replacement teeth, only broken bases are preserved in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF966725FCCD12E88484F911" box="[865,939,1673,1699]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5bc7-5n0c" name="Fort Hays Sternberg Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">FHSM</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF966725FC1F12E984CAF911" box="[947,997,1672,1699]" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">VP-</collectionCode>
|
||||
5515. Fortunately, while most of the teeth in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF966725FCCC12CD84B6F974" box="[864,921,1708,1734]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673 are missing, the ten fragmentary teeth, plus the replacement teeth, do allow for a description of the general dental morphology of
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF966725FB7912928221F8BF" box="[1237,1294,1779,1805]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673, including the apicobasal ornamentation of the enamel. All the teeth appear to be weakly faceted, though faceting has previously been considered absent in russellosaurines (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF966725FA0A133D8493F82B" author="Street, H. P. & A. R. H. LeBlanc & M. W. Caldwell" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" pagination="83 - 94" refId="ref17344" refString="Street, H. P., A. R. H. LeBlanc, and M. W. Caldwell. 2021. A histological investigation of dental crown characters used in mosasaur phylogenetic analysis. Vertebrate Anatomy Morphology Paleontology 9: 83 - 94. [https: // doi. org / 10.18435 / vamp 29372]." type="journal article" year="2021">Street et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). While the marginal dentition of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF966725FAE7131C82DFF82B" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1355,1520,1917,1945]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF966725FAE7131C82DFF82B" box="[1355,1520,1917,1945]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="14">E. clidastoides</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
appears to be uniformly strongly bicarinate throughout, but absent on the basal region of the crowns. Apically, in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF89673AFF3E12D687E4F963" box="[146,203,1719,1745]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673 carinae are only well developed near the enamel bears an overprint of striations and fluting the cusp (most evident in replacement teeth) and never that is usually more developed on the lingual surfaces. extend the full length of a tooth. Mesial carinae are gener- In general, ornamentation is less prominent than in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFA75129A82DFF8A5" box="[1497,1520,1787,1815]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">E.</emphasis>
|
||||
ally better developed, and some teeth lack distal carinae.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFCEC137F84FCF888" box="[832,979,1822,1850]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF89673AFCEC137F84E0F888" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[832,975,1822,1850]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">clidastoides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
where striations extend the full height of the The carinae lack serrations (termed false denticulation teeth. Anteriorly, teeth in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF89673AFB2913228391F8EF" box="[1157,1214,1859,1885]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673 are subcircular by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF89673AFF39130785B5F833" author="Prasad, G. V. R. & F. de Lapparent de Broin" box="[149,666,1894,1921]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" pagination="19 - 71" refId="ref16760" refString="Prasad, G. V. R., and F. de Lapparent de Broin. 2002. Late Cretaceous crocodile remains from Naskal (India): comparisons and biogeographic affinities. Annales de Paleontologie 88: 19 - 71. [https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0753 - 3969 (02) 01036 - 4]." type="journal article" year="2002">Prasad and de Lapparent de Broin (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and Street in cross section, becoming slightly elliptical posteriorly. et al. 2021). Except for faceting, ornamentation is all Teeth in
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF89673AFC0013EB84CAF816" box="[940,997,1930,1956]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673 are posteromedially recurved, as in
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFF3E14A08667FF6F" box="[146,328,193,221]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFF3E14A0866AFF6F" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[146,325,193,221]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">E. clidastoides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
A number of loose teeth believed to have broken off the pterygoids are more elliptical in cross section, lack almost all ornamentation, but have strongly developed carinae.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF40ADF1FF89673AFFDC126B84AEF9DE" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" startId="16.[112,183,1546,1568]" targetBox="[161,1466,208,1518]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF89673AFFDC126B84AEF9DE" blockId="16.[112,1516,1545,1644]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFFDC126B87FFF9AD" bold="true" box="[112,208,1546,1568]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF89673AFF7A126886F7F992" authority="Kiernan & Ebersole, 2023" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[214,472,1545,1568]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFF7A126886F7F992" box="[214,472,1545,1568]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Ectenosaurus tlemonectes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2789C10FF89673AFE72126A8504F992" box="[478,555,1547,1568]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, YPM VP4673.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFD6E126B85C4F9AD" bold="true" box="[706,747,1546,1567]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">A–E</emphasis>
|
||||
. Left angular in lateral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFC4C126B84DFF9AD" bold="true" box="[992,1008,1546,1567]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
|
||||
), medial (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFBFB126B8348F9AD" bold="true" box="[1111,1127,1546,1567]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">B</emphasis>
|
||||
), anterior (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFB70126B83C5F992" bold="true" box="[1244,1258,1546,1568]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
|
||||
), dorsal (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFAE0126B8272F9AD" bold="true" box="[1356,1373,1546,1567]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">D</emphasis>
|
||||
), and ventral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFFD5124587A8F98B" bold="true" box="[121,135,1572,1593]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">E</emphasis>
|
||||
) views.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFF771245862AF98B" bold="true" box="[219,261,1572,1593]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">F–H</emphasis>
|
||||
. Right angular in lateral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFDA41245853AF98B" bold="true" box="[520,533,1572,1593]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">F</emphasis>
|
||||
), anterior (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFD27124285B4F98B" bold="true" box="[651,667,1571,1593]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">G</emphasis>
|
||||
), and medial (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFC8212458410F98B" bold="true" box="[814,831,1572,1593]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">H</emphasis>
|
||||
) views.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFC3F12458497F98B" bold="true" box="[915,952,1572,1593]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">I–K</emphasis>
|
||||
. Right splenial in lateral (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFB11124583EAF98B" bold="true" box="[1213,1221,1572,1593]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">I</emphasis>
|
||||
), anterior (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFA971245826CF98B" bold="true" box="[1339,1347,1572,1593]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">J</emphasis>
|
||||
), and dorsal (
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFA7D124582CEF98B" bold="true" box="[1489,1505,1572,1593]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">K</emphasis>
|
||||
) view.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFF06125C8798F9E0" bold="true" box="[170,183,1597,1618]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">L</emphasis>
|
||||
. Articulated right splenial and angular. Arrows point to pathologic ventral rugosity on left angular.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF89673AFB0F125C825CF9E1" bold="true" box="[1187,1395,1597,1619]" pageId="16" pageNumber="15">Abbreviations: SAS</emphasis>
|
||||
, surangular articulation surface. Scale bars for A–E, I–K, L=5 cm. Scale bars for F–H=3 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF88673BFF3C152F851EFCC8" blockId="17.[112,800,193,890]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFF3C152F861BFED8" bold="true" box="[144,308,334,362]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Vertebrae—</emphasis>
|
||||
Vertebrae are the sole preserved elements of the postcranial skeleton, though only a few cervical (including the axis) and dorsal vertebrae were collected and so the vertebral formula is unknown. The vertebrae that are present have all suffered varying degrees of plastic deformation. Where the cotylar and condylar surfaces are preserved, the interarcticular surfaces appear to have been broadly elliptical. The two cervicals have strongly developed, posteriorly-inclined hypapophyses. The hypapophyses are joined to the ventral rim of the condyle by a narrow, gently concave ridge (
|
||||
<figureCitation id="1304E1FCFF88673BFF6916B2860EFD5F" box="[197,289,723,749]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="17.[828,899,695,717]" captionTargetBox="[848,1509,219,666]" captionTargetId="figure-677@17.[831,1520,192,685]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 10. Ectenosaurus tlemonectes sp. nov., YPM VP4673. Cervical vertebra in left lateral view. Arrow indicates ventral ridge connecting the hypapophyseal peduncle and cotyle. Scale bar=5 cm." pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF88673BFE9716B2857EFD5F" author="Willman, A. J. & T. Konishi & M. W. Caldwell" box="[315,593,723,749]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="741 - 755" refId="ref18000" refString="Willman, A. J., T. Konishi, and M. W. Caldwell. 2021. A new species of Ectenosaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from western Kansas, USA, reveals a novels suite of osteological characters for the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 58 (9): 741 - 755. [https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2020 - 0175]." type="journal article" year="2021">Willman et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
stated that this ridge is unknown in all other plioplatecarpines except
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFFDC177B8651FC84" authorityName="Polcyn and Everhart" authorityYear="2008" box="[112,382,794,822]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Selmasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnsoni">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFFDC177B8651FC84" box="[112,382,794,822]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Selmasaurus johnsoni</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFE6C17798435FC86" box="[448,794,792,820]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFE6C17798435FC86" box="[448,794,792,820]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Ectenosaurus everhartorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. The hypapophyseal peduncles are slightly crushed but appear to have been elliptical in life.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF40ADF1FF88673BFC9016D682E4FCB2" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" startId="17.[828,899,695,717]" targetBox="[848,1509,219,666]" targetPageId="17" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF88673BFC9016D682E4FCB2" blockId="17.[828,1500,695,768]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFC9016D68485FD7F" bold="true" box="[828,938,695,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFC1D16D6839CFD7C" authority="Kiernan & Ebersole, 2023" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[945,1203,695,718]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes" status="sp. nov.">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFC1D16D6839CFD7C" box="[945,1203,695,718]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Ectenosaurus tlemonectes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2789C10FF88673BFB1516D98229FD7F" box="[1209,1286,696,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||||
, YPM VP4673. Cervical vertebra in left lateral view. Arrow indicates ventral ridge connecting the hypapophyseal peduncle and cotyle. Scale bar=5 cm.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF88673BFFDC17FA866AFC07" blockId="17.[112,325,923,949]" box="[112,325,923,949]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFFDC17FA866AFC07" bold="true" box="[112,325,923,949]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Taxonomic note</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8B80FD79FF88673BFF3C17A68526F9CF" blockId="17.[112,801,966,1661]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
Future work may show
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF88673BFE6917A686D1FC53" box="[453,510,967,993]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673 to be distinct from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFF1917898676FBB6" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1967" box="[181,345,1000,1028]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFF1917898676FBB6" box="[181,345,1000,1028]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Ectenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
at the generic level as it does differ markedly in some respects (form of the frontal, concave mandibular condyle on quadrate, etc.), while possessing other characters considered diagnostic of the genus (post-glenoid notch, mode of contact between supra- and infrastapedial processes,etc.). In choosing here to include it in
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFF0010DA867FFB65" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1967" box="[172,336,1211,1239]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFF0010DA867FFB65" box="[172,336,1211,1239]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Ectenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
we have elected the more conservative approach. Curiously,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF88673BFE1A108186DFFB48" box="[438,496,1248,1274]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" type="Museum">YPM</collectionCode>
|
||||
VP4673 was described on three separate occasions (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF88673BFE591162858DFAAF" author="Konishi, T." box="[501,674,1283,1309]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="95 - 105" refId="ref15286" refString="Konishi, T. 2008. A new specimen of Selmasaurus sp. cf. S. russelli (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpini) from Greene County, western Alabama, USA. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue. Hays, Kansas 3: 95 - 105." type="journal article" year="2008">Konishi 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF88673BFD1F11628664FAF2" author="Willman, A. & T. Konishi" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="2" refId="ref17942" refString="Willman, A., and T. Konishi. 2019. A new specimen of the mosasaur (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from western Kansas, U. S. A. reveals a never before seen suite of cranial characters for the family. University of Cincinnati Undergraduate Scholarly Showcase Proceedings 1 (2)." type="journal article" year="2019">Willman and Konishi 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF88673BFE2711478552FAF2" author="Willman, A. J. & T. Konishi & M. W. Caldwell" box="[395,637,1318,1345]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="741 - 755" refId="ref18000" refString="Willman, A. J., T. Konishi, and M. W. Caldwell. 2021. A new species of Ectenosaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from western Kansas, USA, reveals a novels suite of osteological characters for the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 58 (9): 741 - 755. [https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2020 - 0175]." type="journal article" year="2021">Willman et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
), whole or in part, and never recognized as a unique species.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF88673BFD6D112887E7FA35" author="Konishi, T." pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="95 - 105" refId="ref15286" refString="Konishi, T. 2008. A new specimen of Selmasaurus sp. cf. S. russelli (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpini) from Greene County, western Alabama, USA. Proceedings of the Second Mosasaur Meeting, Fort Hays Studies Special Issue. Hays, Kansas 3: 95 - 105." type="journal article" year="2008">Konishi (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described it as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFE35110A8543FA35" box="[409,620,1387,1415]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFE35110A8511FA35" box="[409,574,1387,1415]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Ectenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF88673BFDD0110D861DFA18" author="Willman, A. & T. Konishi" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="2" refId="ref17942" refString="Willman, A., and T. Konishi. 2019. A new specimen of the mosasaur (Squamata: Mosasauridae) from western Kansas, U. S. A. reveals a never before seen suite of cranial characters for the family. University of Cincinnati Undergraduate Scholarly Showcase Proceedings 1 (2)." type="journal article" year="2019">Willman and Konishi (2019)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
suggested it was conspecific with the then-undescribed
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFEFC11D0853BFA7F" box="[336,532,1457,1485]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFEFC11D0853BFA7F" box="[336,532,1457,1485]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">E. everhartorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF88673BFDB311D28543FA7F" box="[543,620,1459,1485]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5bc7-5n0c" name="Fort Hays Sternberg Museum" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">FHSM</collectionCode>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED2E65BCFF88673BFDDD11D2858CFA7C" box="[625,675,1459,1486]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">VP-</collectionCode>
|
||||
5515), and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAE8088FF88673BFFDC11B78658FA43" author="Willman, A. J. & T. Konishi & M. W. Caldwell" box="[112,375,1494,1521]" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" pagination="741 - 755" refId="ref18000" refString="Willman, A. J., T. Konishi, and M. W. Caldwell. 2021. A new species of Ectenosaurus (Mosasauridae: Plioplatecarpinae) from western Kansas, USA, reveals a novels suite of osteological characters for the genus. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 58 (9): 741 - 755. [https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjes- 2020 - 0175]." type="journal article" year="2021">Willman et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
, in the description of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFD2F11B48787F9A6" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFD2F11B4878CF9A6" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">E. everhartorum</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
returned to calling it
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFE041199855EF9A6" box="[424,625,1528,1556]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFE0411998565F9A6" box="[424,586,1528,1556]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">Ectenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||||
sp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
Notably, these authors consistently failed to locate both the frontal and splenials, key elements separating
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFDB4125F85EBF9E8" authorityName="Kiernan & Ebersole" authorityYear="2023" box="[536,708,1598,1626]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tlemonectes">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFDB4125F85EBF9E8" box="[536,708,1598,1626]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">E. tlemonectes</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
from
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFCA6125F8634F9CF" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="everhartorum">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFCA6125F8634F9CF" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">E. everhartorum</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B94B216BFF88673BFEFB12008526F9CF" box="[343,521,1633,1661]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="16">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C3F86FAFF88673BFEFB1200852AF9CF" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[343,517,1633,1661]" family="Mosasauridae" genus="Ectenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="17" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clidastoides">E. clidastoides</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue