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<mods:titleid="7C303B0F5FE70FCEDA0045CD20D95D74">Taxonomic revision of the owlfly genus Glyptobasis McLachlan, 1873 (Neuroptera: Ascalaphidae) from India and its adjacent countries</mods:title>
<mods:affiliationid="4BFB93CAD57D96FE9407B61048CC8113">Shadpada Entomology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Christ College (Autonomous), Irinjalakuda, Thrissur, 680125 (affiliated with University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Malappuram, 673635, Kerala, India) Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="0934D43CEEA16BAB9CE231DAD39D69B8">Shadpada Entomology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Christ College (Autonomous), Irinjalakuda, Thrissur, 680125 (affiliated with University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Malappuram, 673635, Kerala, India) Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFFAFFC0CBD2F9D04C39F9CA"author="Westwood, J. O."box="[423,628,1583,1609]"pageId="4"pageNumber="392"refId="ref14162"refString="Westwood, J. O. (1847) The Cabinet of Oriental Entomology; being a selection of the rarer and more beautiful species of insects, natives of India and the adjacent islands. The greater portion of which are now, for the first time, described and figured. Smith, London, 88 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34273"type="book"year="1847">Westwood, 1847</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFFAFFC0CB80F96E4C85F92A"author="Westwood, J. O."box="[501,712,1681,1705]"pageId="4"pageNumber="392"refId="ref14162"refString="Westwood, J. O. (1847) The Cabinet of Oriental Entomology; being a selection of the rarer and more beautiful species of insects, natives of India and the adjacent islands. The greater portion of which are now, for the first time, described and figured. Smith, London, 88 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34273"type="book"year="1847">Westwood, 1847: 69</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFFAFFC0CB0FF94F4C7FF94B"author="Walker, F."box="[378,562,1711,1736]"pageId="4"pageNumber="392"refId="ref14126"refString="Walker, F. (1853) Catalogue of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II (Sialidae- Nemopterides). Newman, London, 284 pp."type="book"year="1853">Walker 1853: 421</bibRefCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFFAFFC0CBFEF9124C3BF886"author="McLachlan, R."box="[395,630,1773,1797]"pageId="4"pageNumber="392"pagination="219 - 276"refId="ref12814"refString="McLachlan, R. (1873 a) An attempt towards a systematic classification of the family Ascalaphidae. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 11, 219 - 276. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1871. tb 02588. x"type="journal article"year="1873">McLachlan 1873a: 268</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationid="C04010F4FFFAFFC0C8F5F9124D03F886"author="Needham, J. G."box="[640,846,1773,1797]"page="198"pageId="4"pageNumber="392"year="1909">
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFFAFFC0C8F5F9124D03F886"author="Needham, J. G."box="[640,846,1773,1797]"pageId="4"pageNumber="392"pagination="185 - 210"refId="ref13284"refString="Needham, J. G. (1909) Notes on the Neuroptera in the collection of the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 3, 185 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 3 / i 3 / 1909 / 163272"type="journal article"year="1909">Needham 1909: 198</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationid="C04010F4FFFAFFC0C92DF9124A13F886"author="van der Weele, H. W."box="[856,1118,1773,1797]"page="241"pageId="4"pageNumber="392"year="1909">
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFFAFFC0C92DF9124A13F886"author="van der Weele, H. W."box="[856,1118,1773,1797]"pageId="4"pageNumber="392"pagination="1 - 326"refId="ref14052"refString="van der Weele, H. W. (1909 a) Ascalaphiden. Collections Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps, Catalogue Systematique et Descriptif, 8, 1 - 326."type="journal article"year="1909">van der Weele 1909a: 241</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFFAFFC0CF6BF9124EBDF8A0"author="Fraser, F. C."pageId="4"pageNumber="392"pagination="511 - 520"refId="ref12061"refString="Fraser, F. C. (1922) Some oriental Ascalaphidae in the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 24, 511 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 24 / i 4 / 1922 / 162713"type="journal article"year="1922">Fraser 1922: 516</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFFAFFC0CA8CF8F34F3CF8A7"author="Navas, L."box="[249,369,1804,1828]"pageId="4"pageNumber="392"pagination="177 - 197"refId="ref13157"refString="Navas, L. (1928) Comunicaciones entomologicas. 10. Insectos de la India. 1. a serie. Revista de la [Real] Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisico-Quimicas y Naturales de Zaragoza, Series 1, 12, 177 - 197."type="journal article"year="1928">Navás 1928</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitationid="D9DA2A60FFFBFFC1CE80FF2B4B22FF6F"box="[1269,1391,212,236]"captionStart="FIGURES 5"captionStartId="8.[151,264,1532,1556]"captionTargetBox="[175,1411,194,1495]"captionTargetId="figure-17@8.[163,1423,181,1508]"captionTargetPageId="8"captionText="FIGURES 5A–C. Paralectotype female of Glyptobasis dentifera (Westwood, 1847) preserved in the NHMUK, A—Habitus, B—Head in frontal view; C—Thorax and legs in lateral view."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210117"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210117/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="393">Figs. 5A–C</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFFBFFC1CAC7FF0C4F27FE88"author="Westwood, J. O."box="[178,362,243,267]"pageId="5"pageNumber="393"refId="ref14162"refString="Westwood, J. O. (1847) The Cabinet of Oriental Entomology; being a selection of the rarer and more beautiful species of insects, natives of India and the adjacent islands. The greater portion of which are now, for the first time, described and figured. Smith, London, 88 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34273"type="book"year="1847">Westwood (1847)</bibRefCitation>
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<materialsCitationid="F1893CB8FFFBFFC1CAB2FE364CD9FD83"collectingDate="2023-09-30"collectionCode="SERLNR"collectorName="Suryanarayanan. T. B."country="India"elevation="44"latitude="11.889494"location="Pallikkunnu"longLatPrecision="1"longitude="75.36589"municipality="Dist."pageId="5"pageNumber="393"specimenCode="SERLNR449"specimenCount="1"specimenCount-male="1"stateProvince="Kerala">
<materialsCitationid="F1893CB8FFFBFFC1C8EAFE174B36FD9D"collectingDate="2023-10-09"collectionCode="SERLNR"collectorName="Aneesh & Suryanarayanan. T. B."country="India"elevation="614"latitude="10.306797"location="Chinnar"longLatPrecision="1"longitude="77.206024"municipality="Idukki Dist."pageId="5"pageNumber="393"specimenCode="SERLNR450"specimenCount="1"stateProvince="Kerala">
black. In males, proximal 2–10 flagellar segments are slightly curved and with moderately long spines. Antenna do not reach the apices of the forewing. In lateral view, mesothorax with distinct yellow band, and metathorax with yellow band including oblong black mark. Apices of wings are acutely rounded. Pterostigma dark-brown. Legs reddish brown. Terminalia and genitalia as in
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFFBFFC1CF41FD224E90FC98"author="Kimmins, D."pageId="5"pageNumber="393"pagination="1 - 29"refId="ref12585"refString="Kimmins, D. E (1949) Notes on Ascalaphidae in the British Museum collections, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 2, 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934908653955"type="journal article"year="1949">Kimmins (1949</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 8–9) as well as in
<figureCitationid="D9DA2A60FFFBFFC1CB9FFCFE4C24FC98"box="[490,617,769,795]"captionStart="FIGURES 8"captionStartId="11.[151,264,1754,1778]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,195,1716]"captionTargetId="figure-24@11.[176,1411,181,1730]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="FIGURES 8A–F. Glyptobasis dentifera (Westwood, 1847). A—Male terminalia, in dorsal view; B—The same, in ventral view; C:—The same, in lateral view; D—Male genitalia, inventral view; E—Female terminalia, inlateral view; F—The same, in ventral view. Abbreviations. gx8; gx9; gx11; gx9+11, gx—gonocoxites; gx9+11e—gonocoxites 9+11 extension; gx9+11p—gonocoxites 9+11 processus; T9—tergite 9; S8 and S9—sternite 8 and 9; ep—ectoproct; epp—cauda-ventral ectoproct process."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210125"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210125/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="393">Figs. 8A–F</figureCitation>
. See the key at the end of this chapter for separating the species.
<figureCitationid="D9DA2A60FFFBFFC1CB62FC4A4F3FFC4C"box="[279,370,949,975]"captionStart="FIGURES 7"captionStartId="10.[151,264,1755,1779]"captionTargetBox="[223,1365,194,1719]"captionTargetId="figure-17@10.[210,1378,181,1732]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="FIGURES 7A–E. Glyptobasis dentifera (Westwood, 1847).A—Head in frontal view; B—Head and thorax in ventral view, C— Male wing venation, D—Foreleg; E—Hindleg in lateral view. Abbreviations. C—Costa, Sc—Subcosta, R—Radius, Sc+R— Subcosta + Radius, oRs—origin of radial sector, rs—radial sector, tp—triangular process, ps—pterostigma, msb—mesothoracic band, mtb—metathoracic band, t1–t5—tarsomeres 1–5, ts—tibial spurs, tc—tarsal claws."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="393">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
). Vertex narrow; frontal and dorsal parts yellow, covered with long black hairs. Frons reddish-brown with two yellowish spots below scape, mixed with long dense soft, greyish-yellow and black hairs. Long, dense tuft of white hairs intermingled with some black ones between scapes. Gena brown with black hairs on inner margins. Clypeus dark-brown with greyish-yellow and black hairs, labrum dark-brown with ochreous setae directed to mouthparts. Mandible dark-brown, apices and on inner margin, with dark brown to black hairs. Maxillary and labial palpi brown, with short black setae at joints. Eyes divided by a transverse furrow, nearly as wide as half of head width. Antennal scape and pedicel dark-brown, covered with long soft white hairs intermingled with some black ones; basal flagellomeres (2–10 segments) dark-brown, with distinct lateral spines; club subglobular
<figureCitationid="D9DA2A60FFFBFFC1CB46FB064FDDFA90"box="[307,400,1273,1299]"captionStart="FIGURES 7"captionStartId="10.[151,264,1755,1779]"captionTargetBox="[223,1365,194,1719]"captionTargetId="figure-17@10.[210,1378,181,1732]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="FIGURES 7A–E. Glyptobasis dentifera (Westwood, 1847).A—Head in frontal view; B—Head and thorax in ventral view, C— Male wing venation, D—Foreleg; E—Hindleg in lateral view. Abbreviations. C—Costa, Sc—Subcosta, R—Radius, Sc+R— Subcosta + Radius, oRs—origin of radial sector, rs—radial sector, tp—triangular process, ps—pterostigma, msb—mesothoracic band, mtb—metathoracic band, t1–t5—tarsomeres 1–5, ts—tibial spurs, tc—tarsal claws."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="393">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
). Pronotum narrow, both margins dull-black, and with transverse yellow stripe, posterior margin with long, soft black hairs. Mesonotum and metanotum generally black, covered with long sparse black setae. Mesonotum medially with a broad yellow stripe.
<figureCitationid="D9DA2A60FFFBFFC1CB57FA9A4F36FAFC"box="[290,379,1381,1407]"captionStart="FIGURES 7"captionStartId="10.[151,264,1755,1779]"captionTargetBox="[223,1365,194,1719]"captionTargetId="figure-17@10.[210,1378,181,1732]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="FIGURES 7A–E. Glyptobasis dentifera (Westwood, 1847).A—Head in frontal view; B—Head and thorax in ventral view, C— Male wing venation, D—Foreleg; E—Hindleg in lateral view. Abbreviations. C—Costa, Sc—Subcosta, R—Radius, Sc+R— Subcosta + Radius, oRs—origin of radial sector, rs—radial sector, tp—triangular process, ps—pterostigma, msb—mesothoracic band, mtb—metathoracic band, t1–t5—tarsomeres 1–5, ts—tibial spurs, tc—tarsal claws."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="393">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). Forewing longer than hindwing. Membrane completely transparent, veins brown with sparse short black setae. Wing tips acutely rounded; wing strongly tapering basally; anal area with distinct triangular projection. Pterostigma 1.5x longer than wide, rhomboid-shaped, brown to dark-brown, with 5–6 crossveins; apical area beyond Sc+R with three rows of cells. Rs with 7 branches. In front of origin of Rs with 7–10 cross-veins.. Hindwing membrane almost transparent, usually with brown shaded cross-veins. Pterostigma 1.5x longer than wide, rhomboid-shaped, brown to dark-brown, with 5–6 crossveins; apical area beyond Sc+R with three rows of cells. In front of origin of Rs with 6–7 cross-veins; Rs with 6 branches.
<figureCitationid="D9DA2A60FFFBFFC1CB67F99E4FD6F9F8"box="[274,411,1633,1659]"captionStart="FIGURES 7"captionStartId="10.[151,264,1755,1779]"captionTargetBox="[223,1365,194,1719]"captionTargetId="figure-17@10.[210,1378,181,1732]"captionTargetPageId="10"captionText="FIGURES 7A–E. Glyptobasis dentifera (Westwood, 1847).A—Head in frontal view; B—Head and thorax in ventral view, C— Male wing venation, D—Foreleg; E—Hindleg in lateral view. Abbreviations. C—Costa, Sc—Subcosta, R—Radius, Sc+R— Subcosta + Radius, oRs—origin of radial sector, rs—radial sector, tp—triangular process, ps—pterostigma, msb—mesothoracic band, mtb—metathoracic band, t1–t5—tarsomeres 1–5, ts—tibial spurs, tc—tarsal claws."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210123"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210123/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="393">Figs. 7D–E</figureCitation>
). Short, reddish-brown. Coxae brown with long brown and black hairs. Femora slightly shorter than tibiae, with mixed short and long black hairs. Tibiae dark-brown with short and long black hairs. Foreleg with tibial spurs as long as t1–t2; tarsomeres with short black setae; t1–t4 subequal in length; t5 as long as t1–t4 combined. Hindleg with tibial spurs equal to length of t1. Tarsomeres with short black setae; t1 longer than t2; t2–t4 subequal in length; t5 shorter than combined length of t1–t4.
. Shorter than wings. Tergites dark-brown with alternating rounded, yellowish orange spots, covered with short black setae; sternites dark-brown with yellowish marks, covered with short black hairs.
like and directed ventrally with stout apices covered with long stiff bristles. Gonocoxite 9 with a pair of strongly curved extensions widening medially in ventral view (
<figureCitationid="D9DA2A60FFFBFFC1CB47F8364FC1F860"box="[306,396,1993,2019]"captionStart="FIGURES 8"captionStartId="11.[151,264,1754,1778]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,195,1716]"captionTargetId="figure-24@11.[176,1411,181,1730]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="FIGURES 8A–F. Glyptobasis dentifera (Westwood, 1847). A—Male terminalia, in dorsal view; B—The same, in ventral view; C:—The same, in lateral view; D—Male genitalia, inventral view; E—Female terminalia, inlateral view; F—The same, in ventral view. Abbreviations. gx8; gx9; gx11; gx9+11, gx—gonocoxites; gx9+11e—gonocoxites 9+11 extension; gx9+11p—gonocoxites 9+11 processus; T9—tergite 9; S8 and S9—sternite 8 and 9; ep—ectoproct; epp—cauda-ventral ectoproct process."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210125"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210125/files/figure.png"pageId="5"pageNumber="393">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFF8FFC2C855F9C24CF3F9D6"author="Kimmins, D."box="[544,702,1597,1621]"pageId="6"pageNumber="394"pagination="1 - 29"refId="ref12585"refString="Kimmins, D. E (1949) Notes on Ascalaphidae in the British Museum collections, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 2, 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934908653955"type="journal article"year="1949">Kimmins, 1949</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.A—Male terminalia and genitalia, in dorsal view; B—The same, in ventral view; C—Male genitalia, in ventral view; D—Female terminalia and genitalia, in lateral view; E—The same, in ventral view.
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFF9FFC3C96DFA4C4D8BFA4F"author="Westwood, J. O."box="[792,966,1459,1484]"pageId="7"pageNumber="395"refId="ref14162"refString="Westwood, J. O. (1847) The Cabinet of Oriental Entomology; being a selection of the rarer and more beautiful species of insects, natives of India and the adjacent islands. The greater portion of which are now, for the first time, described and figured. Smith, London, 88 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34273"type="book"year="1847">Westwood, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
preserved in the OUMNH, A—Habitus, B— Head in frontal view; C—Thorax and legs in lateral view, Photo: Oxford University Museum of Natural History
<figureCitationid="D9DA2A60FFF9FFC3CBC0F9BD4C7AF9DF"box="[437,567,1602,1628]"captionStart="FIGURES 8"captionStartId="11.[151,264,1754,1778]"captionTargetBox="[189,1398,195,1716]"captionTargetId="figure-24@11.[176,1411,181,1730]"captionTargetPageId="11"captionText="FIGURES 8A–F. Glyptobasis dentifera (Westwood, 1847). A—Male terminalia, in dorsal view; B—The same, in ventral view; C:—The same, in lateral view; D—Male genitalia, inventral view; E—Female terminalia, inlateral view; F—The same, in ventral view. Abbreviations. gx8; gx9; gx11; gx9+11, gx—gonocoxites; gx9+11e—gonocoxites 9+11 extension; gx9+11p—gonocoxites 9+11 processus; T9—tergite 9; S8 and S9—sternite 8 and 9; ep—ectoproct; epp—cauda-ventral ectoproct process."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210125"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210125/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="395">Figs. 8E–F</figureCitation>
). T9 nearly quadrate, dominantly brown with dark-brown markings, ventrocaudally covered evenly with short black hairs. Ectoproct with brown oval plate, covered with dense black hairs caudally and ventrally. Gonocoxite 8 finger-like brown with black hairs, gonocoxite 9 small, hemispherical and with black hairs in lateral view. Gonocoxite 7 slightly chitinized in ventral view.
<figureCitationid="D9DA2A60FFF9FFC3CBA0F9094C67F893"box="[469,554,1782,1808]"captionStart="FIGURE 20"captionStartId="25.[151,250,1056,1080]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1032]"captionTargetId="figure-24@25.[151,1436,181,1032]"captionTargetPageId="25"captionText="FIGURE 20. Distribution map of Glyptobasis dentifera (Westwood, 1847) from India."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210149"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210149/files/figure.png"pageId="7"pageNumber="395">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFF6FFCCC936FA034DBFF996"author="Westwood, J. O."box="[835,1010,1532,1557]"pageId="8"pageNumber="396"refId="ref14162"refString="Westwood, J. O. (1847) The Cabinet of Oriental Entomology; being a selection of the rarer and more beautiful species of insects, natives of India and the adjacent islands. The greater portion of which are now, for the first time, described and figured. Smith, London, 88 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34273"type="book"year="1847">Westwood, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
preserved in the NHMUK, A—Habitus, B—Head in frontal view; C—Thorax and legs in lateral view.
<figureCitationid="D9DA2A60FFF6FFCCCF7AF9744BD9F926"box="[1295,1428,1675,1701]"captionStart="FIGURES 9"captionStartId="12.[151,264,1674,1698]"captionTargetBox="[255,1332,194,1637]"captionTargetId="figure-17@12.[241,1346,181,1650]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURES 9A–B. Glyptobasis dentifera (Westwood, 1847). A—Adult female in natural habitat (photo: Mohammed Ramees K.); B—Habitat of species in Vazhayur, Kerala."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210127"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210127/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="396">Figs. 9A–B</figureCitation>
) growing in lateritic soils and also in village households (surrounded by dense vegetation). At dusk, they take flight (
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFF6FFCCCAEAF92C4F88F96F"author="Sala de Castellarnau, I."box="[159,453,1746,1773]"pageId="8"pageNumber="396"pagination="114 - 128"refId="ref13494"refString="Sala de Castellarnau, I. (1946) Catalogo de neuropteros de la India. Broteria (Ciencias Naturais), 15, 114 - 128."type="journal article"year="1946">Sala de Castellarnau 1946</bibRefCitation>
). They are attracted by artificial lights at night and some of the specimens collected from village households are obtained by this method. The adult flight period in
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFF6FFCCCB7EF8C04C38F8DA"author="Suryanarayanan, T. B. & Bijoy, C."box="[267,629,1855,1881]"pageId="8"pageNumber="396"pagination="130 - 133"refId="ref13756"refString="Suryanarayanan, T. B. & Bijoy, C. (2024) Flight Period of Owlfly Genera (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Ascalaphinae) of Kerala. In: Proceedings of the Two-Day International Seminar: Advanced techniques in Biological Research (ATBR- 2023). KKTM Government College, Pullut, Kodungallur, Thrissur, Kerala, pp. 130 - 133."type="book chapter"year="2024">Suryanarayanan & Bijoy (2024)</bibRefCitation>
. Most of the flight activity data were documented in August, September, October and November, but there are data in
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFF6FFCCC8DEF89C4DEEF8FE"author="Chandra, K. & Thilak, J. & Sidhu, A. K."box="[683,931,1891,1917]"pageId="8"pageNumber="396"pagination="151 - 165"refId="ref11955"refString="Chandra, K., Thilak, J. & Sidhu, A. K. (2011) Neuroptera. In: Director, Zoological Survey of India (Ed.), Fauna of Madhya Pradesh (including Chhattisgarh). Meeting: State Fauna Series. Zoological Survey of India. Vol. 15. Part 3. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 151 - 165."type="proceedings paper"year="2011">
<figureCitationid="D9DA2A60FFF6FFCCC814F8784CF8F822"box="[609,693,1927,1953]"captionStart="FIGURE 22"captionStartId="26.[152,255,488,512]"captionTargetBox="[227,1361,181,463]"captionTargetId="figure-17@26.[227,1361,181,465]"captionTargetPageId="26"captionText="FIGURE 22. Flight period of Glyptobasis species from India and surrounding countries."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13210153"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13210153/files/figure.png"pageId="8"pageNumber="396">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFF7FFCDC84AF95E4CA2F93A"author="Westwood, J. O."box="[575,751,1697,1721]"pageId="9"pageNumber="397"refId="ref14162"refString="Westwood, J. O. (1847) The Cabinet of Oriental Entomology; being a selection of the rarer and more beautiful species of insects, natives of India and the adjacent islands. The greater portion of which are now, for the first time, described and figured. Smith, London, 88 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34273"type="book"year="1847">Westwood, 1847</bibRefCitation>
specimen was also selected from this collection. The East Indies were designated as the type locality by
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFF7FFCDCE65F8D04A90F8CA"author="Westwood, J. O."box="[1040,1245,1839,1865]"pageId="9"pageNumber="397"refId="ref14162"refString="Westwood, J. O. (1847) The Cabinet of Oriental Entomology; being a selection of the rarer and more beautiful species of insects, natives of India and the adjacent islands. The greater portion of which are now, for the first time, described and figured. Smith, London, 88 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34273"type="book"year="1847">Westwood (1847)</bibRefCitation>
. The area where this species is known to occur was colonized by the East
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFF7FFCDC838F8884D6BF812"author="Westwood, J. O."box="[589,806,1911,1937]"pageId="9"pageNumber="397"refId="ref14162"refString="Westwood, J. O. (1847) The Cabinet of Oriental Entomology; being a selection of the rarer and more beautiful species of insects, natives of India and the adjacent islands. The greater portion of which are now, for the first time, described and figured. Smith, London, 88 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34273"type="book"year="1847">Westwood’s (1847)</bibRefCitation>
paper, East Indies is probably not a correct geographical designation for this species, and it most certainly was referencing the East
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFF4FFCEC84EF9234CA7F977"author="Westwood, J. O."box="[571,746,1756,1780]"pageId="10"pageNumber="398"refId="ref14162"refString="Westwood, J. O. (1847) The Cabinet of Oriental Entomology; being a selection of the rarer and more beautiful species of insects, natives of India and the adjacent islands. The greater portion of which are now, for the first time, described and figured. Smith, London, 88 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34273"type="book"year="1847">Westwood, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. A—Head in frontal view; B—Head and thorax in ventral view, C— Male wing venation, D—Foreleg; E—Hindleg in lateral view.
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFF5FFCFC84DF9254CAAF971"author="Westwood, J. O."box="[568,743,1754,1778]"pageId="11"pageNumber="399"refId="ref14162"refString="Westwood, J. O. (1847) The Cabinet of Oriental Entomology; being a selection of the rarer and more beautiful species of insects, natives of India and the adjacent islands. The greater portion of which are now, for the first time, described and figured. Smith, London, 88 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34273"type="book"year="1847">Westwood, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. A—Male terminalia, in dorsal view; B—The same, in ventral view; C:—The same, in lateral view; D—Male genitalia, in ventral view; E—Female terminalia, in lateral view; F—The same, in ventral view.
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFF2FFC8C833F9754CBAF921"author="Westwood, J. O."box="[582,759,1674,1698]"pageId="12"pageNumber="400"refId="ref14162"refString="Westwood, J. O. (1847) The Cabinet of Oriental Entomology; being a selection of the rarer and more beautiful species of insects, natives of India and the adjacent islands. The greater portion of which are now, for the first time, described and figured. Smith, London, 88 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34273"type="book"year="1847">Westwood, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. A—Adult female in natural habitat (photo: Mohammed Ramees K.); B—Habitat of species in Vazhayur, Kerala.
seems to be the most common and widely distributed among the known species of the genus. However, the high degree of morphological similarity between the species and the fact that this is the oldest described and known species name in the genus may lead to uncertainties in determination. It is therefore necessary to re-check all faunal data against the published key for the species.
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFF2FFC8CAB2F8564F10F841"author="Fraser, F. C."box="[199,349,1960,1987]"pageId="12"pageNumber="400"pagination="511 - 520"refId="ref12061"refString="Fraser, F. C. (1922) Some oriental Ascalaphidae in the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 24, 511 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 24 / i 4 / 1922 / 162713"type="journal article"year="1922">Fraser (1922)</bibRefCitation>
provides the description and a figure of the 3rd instar
imagos were common in the locality where the larva was collected.
<bibRefCitationid="25704B14FFF3FFC9CB7FFF684FF8FF32"author="Fraser, F. C."box="[266,437,151,177]"pageId="13"pageNumber="401"pagination="511 - 520"refId="ref12061"refString="Fraser, F. C. (1922) Some oriental Ascalaphidae in the Indian Museum. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 24, 511 - 520. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 24 / i 4 / 1922 / 162713"type="journal article"year="1922">Fraser’s (1922)</bibRefCitation>
description of the larva may be correct but should be verified by rearing the larvae to the adult stage.
