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<document id="0057FFE61BE90F2EB07E6ED2E4482526" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.306.4.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13695985" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725562055849" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Liu, Bing, Williams, David M. &amp; Tan, Lin" docDate="2017" docId="03B587FA7B68FFA8FF30FCF93EF5F8FE" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.306.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 306 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.306.4.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Ulnaria sinensis Bing Liu et D. M. Williams 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="248" masterDocId="FF8CFF827B6AFFAFFFB8FFB43D61FFF7" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Ulnaria (Bacillariophyta) from the Wuling Mountains Area, China" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="241" pageNumber="243" updateTime="1725563773557" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="8B498B00D8A7981A21510FBF1E2FD921">Three new species of Ulnaria (Bacillariophyta) from the Wuling Mountains Area, China</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C7DC6DCF4BCAE85A52A8580EC8D20BE6">Liu, Bing</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D5AC18FC0255E8D4E2F867734968372A">Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province; College of Biology and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="C1170D4C50E489D8E434E5C6DDDFC295">Department of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="08F44C6551356B4B84069E33370990B7">Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province; College of Biology and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D6F7B68FFADFF30FCF93FE9FC9F" authority="Bing Liu et D.M. Williams" authorityName="Bing Liu et D. M. Williams" authorityYear="2017" box="[136,648,845,872]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ulnaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="243" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B68FFADFF30FCF93C24FC90" bold="true" box="[136,325,845,872]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Ulnaria sinensis</emphasis>
Bing Liu 
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B68FFADFE04FCFA3CB1FC9F" bold="true" box="[444,464,846,872]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">et</emphasis>
D.M. Williams
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, 
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57857B68FFADFD2BFCFA3F8BFC9F" box="[659,746,846,872]" pageId="2" pageNumber="243" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFD41FCFB3E0CFC9F" box="[761,877,847,872]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURES 3–10" captionStart-2="FIGURES 11–13" captionStart-3="FIGURES 14–19" captionStart-4="FIGURES 20–23" captionStart-5="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId-0="2.[136,228,2065,2086]" captionStartId-1="3.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionStartId-2="4.[136,243,1957,1978]" captionStartId-3="5.[136,243,1960,1981]" captionStartId-4="6.[136,243,1942,1963]" captionStartId-5="7.[136,243,1366,1387]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1637,2040]" captionTargetBox-1="[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetBox-2="[255,1333,190,1932]" captionTargetBox-3="[158,1430,190,1935]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,175,1340]" captionTargetId-0="figure-570@2.[151,1436,1636,2040]" captionTargetId-1="figure-14@3.[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@4.[255,1333,190,1932]" captionTargetId-3="figure-14@5.[158,1430,190,1935]" captionTargetId-4="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetId-5="figure-14@7.[151,1436,175,1341]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="6" captionTargetPageId-5="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, LM.A pole of a colony composed of four frustules (labeled F1 to F4). Scale bar = 20 μm." captionText-1="FIGURES 3–10. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., LM. 3. Whole frustule attached to single valve, in girdle view. 4. Holotype specimen. 5. Isotype specimen. 6–7. Two different valves. 8–10. Details of Fig. 4, note misaligned striae (arrows). Scale bars = 50 μm (Figs 3–7), 20 μm (Figs 8–10)." captionText-2="FIGURES 11–13. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, SEM. 11. One pole of a colony, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 12. The middle part of the colony, note the six girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 13. The other pole, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). Scale bars = 10 μm." captionText-3="FIGURES 14–19. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., external view, SEM. 14. One apex of a valve, note the rostrate end. 15. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 16. Magnification of the previous apex. 17. Magnification of the previous middle part, note the linking spines (arrows) and the alternate striae (double-head arrow). 18. Magnification of an apex. 19. One pole showing the ocellulimbus and the pore closing plates. Scale bars =10 μm (Figs 14, 15), 5 μm (Figs 16–18), 1 μm (Fig. 19)." captionText-4="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm." captionText-5="FIGURES 24–29. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., internal views, SEM. 24. One pole of a vavle, note the rostrate end. 25. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 26. The other pole. 25. Magnification of the previous pole. 26. Magnification of the previous middle part. 27. Magnification of the other pole, note the alternate striae. Scale bars =10 μm (24–26), 5 μm (27–29)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695989" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695991" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695993" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695995" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695999" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13695989/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13695991/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13695993/files/figure.png" 
)
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<paragraph id="8BA336EC7B68FFADFF30FCC13C9CFBAA" blockId="2.[136,1452,845,1611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">
LM: Cells forming colonies in bands; frustules connected by interlocking, linking spines (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFC46FCC1395AFC7D" box="[1022,1083,885,906]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,228,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1637,2040]" captionTargetId="figure-570@2.[151,1436,1636,2040]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, LM.A pole of a colony composed of four frustules (labeled F1 to F4). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695989/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Frustules rectangular in girdle view (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFF7CFC2C3C65FC5A" box="[196,260,920,941]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,228,2065,2086]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1637,2040]" captionTargetId="figure-570@2.[151,1436,1636,2040]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, LM.A pole of a colony composed of four frustules (labeled F1 to F4). Scale bar = 20 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695989/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFEB6FC2C3C7AFC5A" box="[270,283,920,941]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., LM. 3. Whole frustule attached to single valve, in girdle view. 4. Holotype specimen. 5. Isotype specimen. 6–7. Two different valves. 8–10. Details of Fig. 4, note misaligned striae (arrows). Scale bars = 50 μm (Figs 3–7), 20 μm (Figs 8–10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695991/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">3</figureCitation>
); during development cells lack regular structure and hence lack rectangular outline (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFBE2FC2C39F4FC5A" box="[1114,1173,920,941]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., LM. 3. Whole frustule attached to single valve, in girdle view. 4. Holotype specimen. 5. Isotype specimen. 6–7. Two different valves. 8–10. Details of Fig. 4, note misaligned striae (arrows). Scale bars = 50 μm (Figs 3–7), 20 μm (Figs 8–10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695991/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Valves linear, with parallel margins, narrowing at both poles (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFDB2FC0F3F0FFC27" box="[522,622,955,976]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., LM. 3. Whole frustule attached to single valve, in girdle view. 4. Holotype specimen. 5. Isotype specimen. 6–7. Two different valves. 8–10. Details of Fig. 4, note misaligned striae (arrows). Scale bars = 50 μm (Figs 3–7), 20 μm (Figs 8–10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695991/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 4–10</figureCitation>
), which become protracted to rostrate (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFC51FC0F3907FC27" box="[1001,1126,955,976]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., LM. 3. Whole frustule attached to single valve, in girdle view. 4. Holotype specimen. 5. Isotype specimen. 6–7. Two different valves. 8–10. Details of Fig. 4, note misaligned striae (arrows). Scale bars = 50 μm (Figs 3–7), 20 μm (Figs 8–10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695991/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 4–8, 10</figureCitation>
). Transapical axis 6–8 μm, apical axis 296–512 μm (n = 50), length-to-breadth ratio ca. 49–64. Sternum central, distinctive, regular, extending length of valve (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFA39FC6A3D90FBE1" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., LM. 3. Whole frustule attached to single valve, in girdle view. 4. Holotype specimen. 5. Isotype specimen. 6–7. Two different valves. 8–10. Details of Fig. 4, note misaligned striae (arrows). Scale bars = 50 μm (Figs 3–7), 20 μm (Figs 8–10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695991/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 4–10</figureCitation>
). Striae broad, mostly parallel, radiating only at poles; 
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10 μm. With respect to the sternum, striae pattern relatively uniform, most situated opposite one another, others not so (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFD57FB913E30FBCD" box="[751,849,1061,1082]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., LM. 3. Whole frustule attached to single valve, in girdle view. 4. Holotype specimen. 5. Isotype specimen. 6–7. Two different valves. 8–10. Details of Fig. 4, note misaligned striae (arrows). Scale bars = 50 μm (Figs 3–7), 20 μm (Figs 8–10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695991/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 8–10</figureCitation>
, arrows). A single rimoportula present at each pole (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFA87FB9138C1FBCD" box="[1343,1440,1061,1082]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., LM. 3. Whole frustule attached to single valve, in girdle view. 4. Holotype specimen. 5. Isotype specimen. 6–7. Two different valves. 8–10. Details of Fig. 4, note misaligned striae (arrows). Scale bars = 50 μm (Figs 3–7), 20 μm (Figs 8–10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695991/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 8, 10</figureCitation>
). Central area absent (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFE3AFBFC3C90FBAA" box="[386,497,1096,1117]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., LM. 3. Whole frustule attached to single valve, in girdle view. 4. Holotype specimen. 5. Isotype specimen. 6–7. Two different valves. 8–10. Details of Fig. 4, note misaligned striae (arrows). Scale bars = 50 μm (Figs 3–7), 20 μm (Figs 8–10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695991/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 4–7, 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30665677B68FFADFF30FBDF3FF4F9BC" pageId="2" pageNumber="243" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA336EC7B68FFADFF30FBDF3FF4F9BC" blockId="2.[136,1452,845,1611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">
SEM: Frustules forming colonies in bands, through interlocking linking spines (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFC33FBDF3E98FB77" box="[907,1017,1131,1152]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–13" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1957,1978]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,190,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[255,1333,190,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, SEM. 11. One pole of a colony, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 12. The middle part of the colony, note the six girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 13. The other pole, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). Scale bars = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695993/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 11–13</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFBBBFBDF3912FB77" box="[1027,1139,1131,1152]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1942,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 20–22</figureCitation>
). Frustule composed of epivalve and hypovalve, each with a set of closed girdle bands. For epivalve there is a valvocopula (B1) and three copulae (B2–B4) (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFAE0FB3A3DB6FB30" captionStart="FIGURES 11–13" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1957,1978]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,190,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[255,1333,190,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, SEM. 11. One pole of a colony, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 12. The middle part of the colony, note the six girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 13. The other pole, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). Scale bars = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695993/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 11– 13</figureCitation>
). For hypovalve there is a valvocopula (B6) and a copula (B5) (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFC86FB063ECCFB30" box="[830,941,1202,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–13" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1957,1978]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,190,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[255,1333,190,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, SEM. 11. One pole of a colony, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 12. The middle part of the colony, note the six girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 13. The other pole, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). Scale bars = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695993/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 11–13</figureCitation>
). Each band possessing a single row of poroids (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFA39FB063D98FB1D" captionStart="FIGURES 11–13" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1957,1978]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,190,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[255,1333,190,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, SEM. 11. One pole of a colony, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 12. The middle part of the colony, note the six girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 13. The other pole, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). Scale bars = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695993/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 11–13</figureCitation>
) that bisects pars interior and exterior, located at mid-line of each girdle band (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFC51FB613939FB1D" box="[1001,1112,1237,1258]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1942,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 20, 23</figureCitation>
). Valve face meets mantle at obtuse angle (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFF45FB4C3C0DFAFA" box="[253,364,1272,1293]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 14–19" captionStart-1="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId-0="5.[136,243,1960,1981]" captionStartId-1="6.[136,243,1942,1963]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1430,190,1935]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetId-0="figure-14@5.[158,1430,190,1935]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 14–19. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., external view, SEM. 14. One apex of a valve, note the rostrate end. 15. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 16. Magnification of the previous apex. 17. Magnification of the previous middle part, note the linking spines (arrows) and the alternate striae (double-head arrow). 18. Magnification of an apex. 19. One pole showing the ocellulimbus and the pore closing plates. Scale bars =10 μm (Figs 14, 15), 5 μm (Figs 16–18), 1 μm (Fig. 19)." captionText-1="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695995" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13695995/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 16–22</figureCitation>
). Valves with uniseriate striae situated opposite each other, equidistant from sternum, radiating at poles, continuing onto valve mantle (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFEC4FAAF3C8FFAC7" box="[380,494,1307,1328]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 14–19" captionStart-1="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId-0="5.[136,243,1960,1981]" captionStartId-1="6.[136,243,1942,1963]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1430,190,1935]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetId-0="figure-14@5.[158,1430,190,1935]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 14–19. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., external view, SEM. 14. One apex of a valve, note the rostrate end. 15. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 16. Magnification of the previous apex. 17. Magnification of the previous middle part, note the linking spines (arrows) and the alternate striae (double-head arrow). 18. Magnification of an apex. 19. One pole showing the ocellulimbus and the pore closing plates. Scale bars =10 μm (Figs 14, 15), 5 μm (Figs 16–18), 1 μm (Fig. 19)." captionText-1="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695995" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13695995/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 16–20</figureCitation>
). Vimines form 5–8 apically elongated areolae either side of the valve sternum, 4–6 on the valve mantle (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFEB3FA8A3C1AFAA4" box="[267,379,1342,1363]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1942,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 20–22</figureCitation>
). Often, a tiny poroid present in the terminal mantle areola (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFC0FFA8A3947FAA4" box="[951,1062,1342,1363]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1942,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 20–22</figureCitation>
, arrows). Each areola externally covered by velum (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFE9CFAD63C0DFA80" box="[292,364,1378,1399]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–19" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1960,1981]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1935]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[158,1430,190,1935]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 14–19. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., external view, SEM. 14. One apex of a valve, note the rostrate end. 15. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 16. Magnification of the previous apex. 17. Magnification of the previous middle part, note the linking spines (arrows) and the alternate striae (double-head arrow). 18. Magnification of an apex. 19. One pole showing the ocellulimbus and the pore closing plates. Scale bars =10 μm (Figs 14, 15), 5 μm (Figs 16–18), 1 μm (Fig. 19)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695995/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). A single rimoportula present at each pole, each a pair of simple extended lips, aligned within a shortened radiate stria (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFF4BFA313CE6FA6D" box="[243,391,1413,1434]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 14–19" captionStart-1="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId-0="5.[136,243,1960,1981]" captionStartId-1="6.[136,243,1942,1963]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1430,190,1935]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetId-0="figure-14@5.[158,1430,190,1935]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 14–19. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., external view, SEM. 14. One apex of a valve, note the rostrate end. 15. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 16. Magnification of the previous apex. 17. Magnification of the previous middle part, note the linking spines (arrows) and the alternate striae (double-head arrow). 18. Magnification of an apex. 19. One pole showing the ocellulimbus and the pore closing plates. Scale bars =10 μm (Figs 14, 15), 5 μm (Figs 16–18), 1 μm (Fig. 19)." captionText-1="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695995" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13695995/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 16, 18–20</figureCitation>
). Two horn-like outgrowths located on the surface of each ocellulimbus, the latter composed of c. 30 pervalvar and 7–14 transapical rows of porelli (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFD9DFA1C3FF7FA4A" box="[549,662,1448,1469]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 14–19" captionStart-1="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId-0="5.[136,243,1960,1981]" captionStartId-1="6.[136,243,1942,1963]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1430,190,1935]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetId-0="figure-14@5.[158,1430,190,1935]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURES 14–19. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., external view, SEM. 14. One apex of a valve, note the rostrate end. 15. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 16. Magnification of the previous apex. 17. Magnification of the previous middle part, note the linking spines (arrows) and the alternate striae (double-head arrow). 18. Magnification of an apex. 19. One pole showing the ocellulimbus and the pore closing plates. Scale bars =10 μm (Figs 14, 15), 5 μm (Figs 16–18), 1 μm (Fig. 19)." captionText-1="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695995" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13695995/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 19–22</figureCitation>
). Linking spines spatulate, situated at valve/mantle junction, each spine extending from a virga (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFE85FA7F3CCDFA17" box="[317,428,1483,1504]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1942,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 20–22</figureCitation>
). Spines attach valves face to face by interlocking (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFC36FA7F3E9AFA17" box="[910,1019,1483,1504]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–13" captionStartId="4.[136,243,1957,1978]" captionTargetBox="[255,1333,190,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[255,1333,190,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, SEM. 11. One pole of a colony, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 12. The middle part of the colony, note the six girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 13. The other pole, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). Scale bars = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695993/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 11–13</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFBBBFA7F3922FA17" box="[1027,1091,1483,1504]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1942,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">20–22</figureCitation>
). Mantle plaques absent (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFA8AFA7F38C0FA17" box="[1330,1441,1483,1504]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1942,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 20–22</figureCitation>
). Internally, valves possessing parallel margins, with rostrate poles; striae uniseriate almost opposite each other, composed of 5–8 slightly apically elongated areolae that radiate at apices (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFD64F9A63E2DF9D0" box="[732,844,1554,1575]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1366,1387]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,175,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1436,175,1341]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., internal views, SEM. 24. One pole of a vavle, note the rostrate end. 25. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 26. The other pole. 25. Magnification of the previous pole. 26. Magnification of the previous middle part. 27. Magnification of the other pole, note the alternate striae. Scale bars =10 μm (24–26), 5 μm (27–29)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695999/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 26, 29</figureCitation>
). Rimoportulae prominent, possessing bilabiate structure, lying almost parallel to the adjacent stria (
<figureCitation id="13272A697B68FFADFDA1F9823FE8F9BC" box="[537,649,1590,1611]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1366,1387]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,175,1340]" captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1436,175,1341]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., internal views, SEM. 24. One pole of a vavle, note the rostrate end. 25. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 26. The other pole. 25. Magnification of the previous pole. 26. Magnification of the previous middle part. 27. Magnification of the other pole, note the alternate striae. Scale bars =10 μm (24–26), 5 μm (27–29)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695999/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">Figs 27, 29</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6366647B68FFADFF30F7A538C1F7D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695989" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13695989" box="[136,1440,2065,2086]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695989/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="243" startId="2.[136,228,2065,2086]" targetBox="[151,1436,1637,2040]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA336EC7B68FFADFF30F7A538C1F7D1" blockId="2.[136,1440,2065,2086]" box="[136,1440,2065,2086]" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B68FFADFF30F7A53D9AF7D1" bold="true" box="[136,251,2065,2086]" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B68FFADFEB8F7A53C85F7D1" box="[256,484,2065,2086]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="243">
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D6F7B68FFADFEB8F7A53CF9F7D1" authorityName="Liu &amp; Williams &amp; Tan" authorityYear="2017" box="[256,408,2065,2086]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ulnaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="2" pageNumber="243" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">Ulnaria sinensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57857B68FFADFE26F7A53C85F7D1" box="[414,484,2065,2086]" pageId="2" pageNumber="243" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, girdle view, LM. A pole of a colony composed of four frustules (labeled F1 to F4). Scale bar = 20 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6366647B69FFACFF30F87D3C44F7D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695991" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13695991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695991/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" startId="3.[136,243,1993,2014]" targetBox="[200,1387,190,1968]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA336EC7B69FFACFF30F87D3C44F7D1" blockId="3.[136,1452,1993,2086]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B69FFACFF30F87D3C50F829" bold="true" box="[136,305,1993,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">FIGURES 3–10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D6F7B69FFACFE82F87D3CBBF829" authorityName="Liu &amp; Williams &amp; Tan" authorityYear="2017" box="[314,474,1993,2014]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ulnaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B69FFACFE82F87D3CBBF829" box="[314,474,1993,2014]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Ulnaria sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57857B69FFACFE5BF87D3F4FF829" box="[483,558,1993,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B69FFACFE5BF87D3F4BF829" box="[483,554,1993,2014]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, LM. 3. Whole frustule attached to single valve, in girdle view. 4. Holotype specimen. 5. Isotype specimen. 6–7. Two different valves. 8–10. Details of Fig. 4, note misaligned striae (arrows). Scale bars = 50 μm (Figs 3–7), 20 μm (Figs 8–10).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6366647B6EFFABFF30F8113C28F7D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695993" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13695993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695993/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" startId="4.[136,243,1957,1978]" targetBox="[255,1333,190,1932]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA336EC7B6EFFABFF30F8113C28F7D1" blockId="4.[136,1452,1957,2086]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B6EFFABFF30F8113C5AF84D" bold="true" box="[136,315,1957,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">FIGURES 11–13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D6F7B6EFFABFEFBF8113C82F84D" authorityName="Liu &amp; Williams &amp; Tan" authorityYear="2017" box="[323,483,1957,1978]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ulnaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B6EFFABFEFBF8113C82F84D" box="[323,483,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Ulnaria sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57857B6EFFABFE53F8113F57F84D" box="[491,566,1957,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B6EFFABFE53F8113F50F84D" box="[491,561,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, girdle view, SEM. 11. One pole of a colony, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 12. The middle part of the colony, note the six girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 13. The other pole, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). Scale bars = 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6366647B6FFFAAFF30F81C3EBDF7DE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695995" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13695995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695995/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" startId="5.[136,243,1960,1981]" targetBox="[158,1430,190,1935]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA336EC7B6FFFAAFF30F81C3EBDF7DE" blockId="5.[136,1452,1960,2089]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B6FFFAAFF30F81C3C5BF84A" bold="true" box="[136,314,1960,1981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">FIGURES 14–19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D6F7B6FFFAAFEF9F81C3CBEF84A" authorityName="Liu &amp; Williams &amp; Tan" authorityYear="2017" box="[321,479,1960,1981]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ulnaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B6FFFAAFEF9F81C3CBEF84A" box="[321,479,1960,1981]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Ulnaria sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57857B6FFFAAFE5DF81C3F4FF84A" box="[485,558,1960,1981]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B6FFFAAFE5DF81C3F48F84A" box="[485,553,1960,1981]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, external view, SEM. 14. One apex of a valve, note the rostrate end. 15. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 16. Magnification of the previous apex. 17. Magnification of the previous middle part, note the linking spines (arrows) and the alternate striae (double-head arrow). 18. Magnification of an apex. 19. One pole showing the ocellulimbus and the pore closing plates. Scale bars =10 μm (Figs 14, 15), 5 μm (Figs 16–18), 1 μm (Fig. 19).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6366647B6CFFA9FF30F8223E10F7E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13695997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" startId="6.[136,243,1942,1963]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1917]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA336EC7B6CFFA9FF30F8223E10F7E0" blockId="6.[136,1452,1942,2071]" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B6CFFA9FF30F8223C5DF85C" bold="true" box="[136,316,1942,1963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">FIGURES 20–23.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D6F7B6CFFA9FEFCF8223C82F85C" authorityName="Liu &amp; Williams &amp; Tan" authorityYear="2017" box="[324,483,1942,1963]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ulnaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B6CFFA9FEFCF8223C82F85C" box="[324,483,1942,1963]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">Ulnaria sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57857B6CFFA9FE52F8223F54F85C" box="[490,565,1942,1963]" pageId="6" pageNumber="247" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B6CFFA9FE52F8223F51F85C" box="[490,560,1942,1963]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="247">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6366647B6DFFA8FF30FAE239FFFA44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695999" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13695999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695999/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" startId="7.[136,243,1366,1387]" targetBox="[151,1436,175,1340]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BA336EC7B6DFFA8FF30FAE239FFFA44" blockId="7.[136,1452,1366,1459]" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B6DFFA8FF30FAE23C5AFA9C" bold="true" box="[136,315,1366,1387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">FIGURES 24–29.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D6F7B6DFFA8FEFAFAE23C80FA9C" authorityName="Liu &amp; Williams &amp; Tan" authorityYear="2017" box="[322,481,1366,1387]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ulnaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B6DFFA8FEFAFAE23C80FA9C" box="[322,481,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">Ulnaria sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25B57857B6DFFA8FE5FFAE23F50FA9C" box="[487,561,1366,1387]" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B6DFFA8FE5FFAE23F4DFA9C" box="[487,556,1366,1387]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, internal views, SEM. 24. One pole of a vavle, note the rostrate end. 25. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 26. The other pole. 25. Magnification of the previous pole. 26. Magnification of the previous middle part. 27. Magnification of the other pole, note the alternate striae. Scale bars =10 μm (24–26), 5 μm (27–29).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30665677B6DFFA8FF30FA6A3EC5F9CE" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA336EC7B6DFFA8FF30FA6A3EC5F9CE" blockId="7.[136,1452,1502,1593]" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B6DFFA8FF30FA6A3DA3FA04" bold="true" box="[136,194,1502,1523]" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">Type:</emphasis>
— 
<materialsCitation id="3B743CB17B6DFFA8FF63FA6A3EC1F9CE" collectingDate="2015-12-31" collectionCode="BM, JIU" country="China" county="Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve" elevation="494" latitude="27.819445" location="Mile Daochang" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="108.77167" municipality="Heiwang river" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" specimenCode="G201604" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Guizhou" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="F30B767C7B6DFFA8FF63FA6A3C48FA04" box="[219,297,1502,1523]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">CHINA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49D8F80E7B6DFFA8FE8DFA6A3CEAFA04" box="[309,395,1502,1523]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty id="62C24E607B6DFFA8FE2EFA6A3E23FA04" box="[406,834,1502,1523]" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve</collectingCounty>
, the course of 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC7AC967B6DFFA8FC6FFA6A3904FA04" box="[983,1125,1502,1523]" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">Heiwang river</collectingMunicipality>
, near 
<location id="8EC360377B6DFFA8FB1AFA6A385AFA04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587FA7B68FFA8FF30FCF93EF5F8FE:8EC360377B6DFFA8FB1AFA6A385AFA04" box="[1186,1339,1502,1523]" country="China" county="Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve" latitude="27.819445" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="108.77167" municipality="Heiwang river" name="Mile Daochang" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" stateProvince="Guizhou">Mile Daochang</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE28502B7B6DFFA8FAFFFA6A3DB1F9E1" degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" precision="15" seconds="10" value="27.819445">27°49’10” N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE28502B7B6DFFA8FF64F9B53C04F9E1" box="[220,357,1537,1558]" degrees="108" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" precision="15" seconds="18" value="108.77167">108°46’18” E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation id="0031D1DF7B6DFFA8FEC9F9B53C84F9E1" box="[369,485,1537,1558]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9399999999999995" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" unit="m" value="494.0">
<quantity id="4CE49B097B6DFFA8FEC9F9B53CD1F9E1" box="[369,432,1537,1558]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9399999999999995" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" unit="m" value="494.0">494 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B6DFFA8FE49F9B53F27F9E1" box="[497,582,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">
<location id="8EC360377B6DFFA8FE49F9B53F27F9E1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587FA7B68FFA8FF30FCF93EF5F8FE:8EC360377B6DFFA8FE49F9B53F27F9E1" box="[497,582,1537,1558]" country="China" county="Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve" latitude="27.819445" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="108.77167" municipality="Heiwang river" name="Bing Liu" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" stateProvince="Guizhou">Bing Liu</location>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B6DFFA8FDECF9B53E79F9E1" box="[596,792,1536,1558]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">
<date id="FFA2102C7B6DFFA8FDECF9B53E79F9E1" box="[596,792,1536,1558]" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" value="2015-12-31">
<collectingDate id="EFE6E9C47B6DFFA8FDECF9B53E79F9E1" box="[596,792,1536,1558]" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" value="2015-12-31">
31 
<superScript id="7C699BA47B6DFFA8FDD4F9B43F14F9FB" attach="left" box="[620,629,1536,1548]" fontSize="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">st</superScript>
December 2015
</collectingDate>
</date>
</emphasis>
, (
<typeStatus id="54A7884E7B6DFFA8FC94F9B53EE3F9E1" box="[812,898,1537,1558]" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE297B6DFFA8FC31F9B53ED2F9E1" box="[905,947,1537,1558]" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">BM</collectionCode>
! 101838, illustrated in 
<figureCitation id="13272A697B6DFFA8FB2EF9B53872F9E1" box="[1174,1299,1537,1558]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., LM. 3. Whole frustule attached to single valve, in girdle view. 4. Holotype specimen. 5. Isotype specimen. 6–7. Two different valves. 8–10. Details of Fig. 4, note misaligned striae (arrows). Scale bars = 50 μm (Figs 3–7), 20 μm (Figs 8–10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695991/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">Figs 4, 8–10</figureCitation>
, from the same specimen; 
<typeStatus id="54A7884E7B6DFFA8FE9DF9903C0BF9CE" box="[293,362,1572,1593]" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE297B6DFFA8FEC8F9903CF9F9CE" box="[368,408,1572,1593]" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13402" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13402" name="Jishou University" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">JIU</collectionCode>
! 
<specimenCode id="DBBA9E977B6DFFA8FE19F9903C9CF9CE" box="[417,509,1572,1593]" collectionCode="JIU" country="China" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13402" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13402" name="Jishou University" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" type="Herbarium">G201604</specimenCode>
, illustrated in 
<figureCitation id="13272A697B6DFFA8FD3DF9903FDFF9CE" box="[645,702,1572,1593]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–10" captionStartId="3.[136,243,1993,2014]" captionTargetBox="[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetId="figure-14@3.[200,1387,190,1968]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 3–10. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., LM. 3. Whole frustule attached to single valve, in girdle view. 4. Holotype specimen. 5. Isotype specimen. 6–7. Two different valves. 8–10. Details of Fig. 4, note misaligned striae (arrows). Scale bars = 50 μm (Figs 3–7), 20 μm (Figs 8–10)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695991/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, indicated on the slide)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30665677B6DFFA8FF30F9D63E20F98C" box="[136,833,1634,1659]" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA336EC7B6DFFA8FF30F9D63E20F98C" blockId="7.[136,1452,1634,1801]" box="[136,833,1634,1659]" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B6DFFA8FF30F9D63C72F98C" bold="true" box="[136,275,1634,1659]" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">Etymology:</emphasis>
—Named after 
<collectingCountry id="F30B767C7B6DFFA8FE79F9D63F66F98C" box="[449,519,1634,1659]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">China</collectingCountry>
, where the species is found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30665677B6DFFA8FF05F9323EF5F8FE" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA336EC7B6DFFA8FF05F9323EF5F8FE" blockId="7.[136,1452,1634,1801]" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B6DFFA8FF05F9323C47F968" bold="true" box="[189,294,1670,1695]" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">Ecology:</emphasis>
—The following environmental parameters were measured in the field. Electric conductivity was 54.9 ± 1.4 μS/cm, pH was 7.6 ± 0.1, and water temperature was10.4 ± 0.1 °C. Since the diatom sample was scraped off the surfaces of stones and the water electric conductivity is below 100 μS/cm, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D6F7B6DFFA8FC47F97839D9F912" authorityName="Liu &amp; Williams &amp; Tan" authorityYear="2017" box="[1023,1208,1740,1765]" class="Bacillariophyceae" family="Fragilariaceae" genus="Ulnaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fragilariales" pageId="7" pageNumber="248" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="B968EAFE7B6DFFA8FC47F97839D9F912" box="[1023,1208,1740,1765]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="248">Ulnaria sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be considered an epilithic diatom characteristic of poor electrolyte content freshwaters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>