<documentid="0057FFE61BE90F2EB07E6ED2E4482526"ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.306.4.1"ID-ISSN="1179-3163"ID-Zenodo-Dep="13695985"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe"checkinTime="1725562055849"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Liu, Bing, Williams, David M. & Tan, Lin"docDate="2017"docId="03B587FA7B68FFA8FF30FCF93EF5F8FE"docLanguage="en"docName="phytotaxa.306.4.1.pdf"docOrigin="Phytotaxa 306 (4)"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.306.4.1"docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article"docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9"docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="13"docTitle="Ulnaria sinensis Bing Liu et D. M. Williams 2017, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="3"lastPageNumber="248"masterDocId="FF8CFF827B6AFFAFFFB8FFB43D61FFF7"masterDocTitle="Three new species of Ulnaria (Bacillariophyta) from the Wuling Mountains Area, China"masterLastPageNumber="258"masterPageNumber="241"pageNumber="243"updateTime="1725563773557"updateUser="ExternalLinkService"zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED"zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:affiliationid="D5AC18FC0255E8D4E2F867734968372A">Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province; College of Biology and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePartid="AB396D64055070444F5A22D20808EF1F">Williams, David M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="C1170D4C50E489D8E434E5C6DDDFC295">Department of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="08F44C6551356B4B84069E33370990B7">Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Utilization, College of Hunan Province; College of Biology and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C1C4D6F7B68FFADFF30FCF93FE9FC9F"authority="Bing Liu et D.M. Williams"authorityName="Bing Liu et D. M. Williams"authorityYear="2017"box="[136,648,845,872]"class="Bacillariophyceae"family="Fragilariaceae"genus="Ulnaria"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Chromista"order="Fragilariales"pageId="2"pageNumber="243"phylum="Ochrophyta"rank="species"species="sinensis"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFD41FCFB3E0CFC9F"box="[761,877,847,872]"captionStart-0="FIGURE 2"captionStart-1="FIGURES 3–10"captionStart-2="FIGURES 11–13"captionStart-3="FIGURES 14–19"captionStart-4="FIGURES 20–23"captionStart-5="FIGURES 24–29"captionStartId-0="2.[136,228,2065,2086]"captionStartId-1="3.[136,243,1993,2014]"captionStartId-2="4.[136,243,1957,1978]"captionStartId-3="5.[136,243,1960,1981]"captionStartId-4="6.[136,243,1942,1963]"captionStartId-5="7.[136,243,1366,1387]"captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1637,2040]"captionTargetBox-1="[200,1387,190,1968]"captionTargetBox-2="[255,1333,190,1932]"captionTargetBox-3="[158,1430,190,1935]"captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,175,1340]"captionTargetId-0="figure-570@2.[151,1436,1636,2040]"captionTargetId-1="figure-14@3.[200,1387,190,1968]"captionTargetId-2="figure-17@4.[255,1333,190,1932]"captionTargetId-3="figure-14@5.[158,1430,190,1935]"captionTargetId-4="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetId-5="figure-14@7.[151,1436,175,1341]"captionTargetPageId-0="2"captionTargetPageId-1="3"captionTargetPageId-2="4"captionTargetPageId-3="5"captionTargetPageId-4="6"captionTargetPageId-5="7"captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, LM.A pole of a colony composed of four frustules (labeled F1 to F4). Scale bar = 20 μm."captionText-1="FIGURES 3–10. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., LM. 3. Whole frustule attached to single valve, in girdle view. 4. Holotype specimen. 5. Isotype specimen. 6–7. Two different valves. 8–10. Details of Fig. 4, note misaligned striae (arrows). Scale bars = 50 μm (Figs 3–7), 20 μm (Figs 8–10)."captionText-2="FIGURES 11–13. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, SEM. 11. One pole of a colony, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 12. The middle part of the colony, note the six girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 13. The other pole, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). Scale bars = 10 μm."captionText-3="FIGURES 14–19. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., external view, SEM. 14. One apex of a valve, note the rostrate end. 15. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 16. Magnification of the previous apex. 17. Magnification of the previous middle part, note the linking spines (arrows) and the alternate striae (double-head arrow). 18. Magnification of an apex. 19. One pole showing the ocellulimbus and the pore closing plates. Scale bars =10 μm (Figs 14, 15), 5 μm (Figs 16–18), 1 μm (Fig. 19)."captionText-4="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm."captionText-5="FIGURES 24–29. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., internal views, SEM. 24. One pole of a vavle, note the rostrate end. 25. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 26. The other pole. 25. Magnification of the previous pole. 26. Magnification of the previous middle part. 27. Magnification of the other pole, note the alternate striae. Scale bars =10 μm (24–26), 5 μm (27–29)."figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695989"figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695991"figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695993"figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695995"figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997"figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695999"httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13695989/files/figure.png"httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13695991/files/figure.png"httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13695993/files/figure.png"
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFC46FCC1395AFC7D"box="[1022,1083,885,906]"captionStart="FIGURE 2"captionStartId="2.[136,228,2065,2086]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1637,2040]"captionTargetId="figure-570@2.[151,1436,1636,2040]"captionTargetPageId="2"captionText="FIGURE 2. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, LM.A pole of a colony composed of four frustules (labeled F1 to F4). Scale bar = 20 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695989"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695989/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFF7CFC2C3C65FC5A"box="[196,260,920,941]"captionStart="FIGURE 2"captionStartId="2.[136,228,2065,2086]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1637,2040]"captionTargetId="figure-570@2.[151,1436,1636,2040]"captionTargetPageId="2"captionText="FIGURE 2. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, LM.A pole of a colony composed of four frustules (labeled F1 to F4). Scale bar = 20 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695989"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695989/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFC33FBDF3E98FB77"box="[907,1017,1131,1152]"captionStart="FIGURES 11–13"captionStartId="4.[136,243,1957,1978]"captionTargetBox="[255,1333,190,1932]"captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[255,1333,190,1932]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, SEM. 11. One pole of a colony, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 12. The middle part of the colony, note the six girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 13. The other pole, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). Scale bars = 10 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695993"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695993/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Figs 11–13</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFBBBFBDF3912FB77"box="[1027,1139,1131,1152]"captionStart="FIGURES 20–23"captionStartId="6.[136,243,1942,1963]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Figs 20–22</figureCitation>
). Frustule composed of epivalve and hypovalve, each with a set of closed girdle bands. For epivalve there is a valvocopula (B1) and three copulae (B2–B4) (
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFAE0FB3A3DB6FB30"captionStart="FIGURES 11–13"captionStartId="4.[136,243,1957,1978]"captionTargetBox="[255,1333,190,1932]"captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[255,1333,190,1932]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, SEM. 11. One pole of a colony, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 12. The middle part of the colony, note the six girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 13. The other pole, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). Scale bars = 10 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695993"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695993/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Figs 11– 13</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFC86FB063ECCFB30"box="[830,941,1202,1223]"captionStart="FIGURES 11–13"captionStartId="4.[136,243,1957,1978]"captionTargetBox="[255,1333,190,1932]"captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[255,1333,190,1932]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, SEM. 11. One pole of a colony, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 12. The middle part of the colony, note the six girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 13. The other pole, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). Scale bars = 10 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695993"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695993/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Figs 11–13</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFA39FB063D98FB1D"captionStart="FIGURES 11–13"captionStartId="4.[136,243,1957,1978]"captionTargetBox="[255,1333,190,1932]"captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[255,1333,190,1932]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, SEM. 11. One pole of a colony, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 12. The middle part of the colony, note the six girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 13. The other pole, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). Scale bars = 10 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695993"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695993/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Figs 11–13</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFC51FB613939FB1D"box="[1001,1112,1237,1258]"captionStart="FIGURES 20–23"captionStartId="6.[136,243,1942,1963]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Figs 20, 23</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFF45FB4C3C0DFAFA"box="[253,364,1272,1293]"captionStart-0="FIGURES 14–19"captionStart-1="FIGURES 20–23"captionStartId-0="5.[136,243,1960,1981]"captionStartId-1="6.[136,243,1942,1963]"captionTargetBox-0="[158,1430,190,1935]"captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetId-0="figure-14@5.[158,1430,190,1935]"captionTargetId-1="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetPageId-0="5"captionTargetPageId-1="6"captionText-0="FIGURES 14–19. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., external view, SEM. 14. One apex of a valve, note the rostrate end. 15. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 16. Magnification of the previous apex. 17. Magnification of the previous middle part, note the linking spines (arrows) and the alternate striae (double-head arrow). 18. Magnification of an apex. 19. One pole showing the ocellulimbus and the pore closing plates. Scale bars =10 μm (Figs 14, 15), 5 μm (Figs 16–18), 1 μm (Fig. 19)."captionText-1="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm."figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695995"figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997"httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13695995/files/figure.png"httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Figs 16–22</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFEC4FAAF3C8FFAC7"box="[380,494,1307,1328]"captionStart-0="FIGURES 14–19"captionStart-1="FIGURES 20–23"captionStartId-0="5.[136,243,1960,1981]"captionStartId-1="6.[136,243,1942,1963]"captionTargetBox-0="[158,1430,190,1935]"captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetId-0="figure-14@5.[158,1430,190,1935]"captionTargetId-1="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetPageId-0="5"captionTargetPageId-1="6"captionText-0="FIGURES 14–19. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., external view, SEM. 14. One apex of a valve, note the rostrate end. 15. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 16. Magnification of the previous apex. 17. Magnification of the previous middle part, note the linking spines (arrows) and the alternate striae (double-head arrow). 18. Magnification of an apex. 19. One pole showing the ocellulimbus and the pore closing plates. Scale bars =10 μm (Figs 14, 15), 5 μm (Figs 16–18), 1 μm (Fig. 19)."captionText-1="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm."figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695995"figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997"httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13695995/files/figure.png"httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Figs 16–20</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFEB3FA8A3C1AFAA4"box="[267,379,1342,1363]"captionStart="FIGURES 20–23"captionStartId="6.[136,243,1942,1963]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Figs 20–22</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFC0FFA8A3947FAA4"box="[951,1062,1342,1363]"captionStart="FIGURES 20–23"captionStartId="6.[136,243,1942,1963]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Figs 20–22</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFE9CFAD63C0DFA80"box="[292,364,1378,1399]"captionStart="FIGURES 14–19"captionStartId="5.[136,243,1960,1981]"captionTargetBox="[158,1430,190,1935]"captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[158,1430,190,1935]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIGURES 14–19. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., external view, SEM. 14. One apex of a valve, note the rostrate end. 15. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 16. Magnification of the previous apex. 17. Magnification of the previous middle part, note the linking spines (arrows) and the alternate striae (double-head arrow). 18. Magnification of an apex. 19. One pole showing the ocellulimbus and the pore closing plates. Scale bars =10 μm (Figs 14, 15), 5 μm (Figs 16–18), 1 μm (Fig. 19)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695995"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695995/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFF4BFA313CE6FA6D"box="[243,391,1413,1434]"captionStart-0="FIGURES 14–19"captionStart-1="FIGURES 20–23"captionStartId-0="5.[136,243,1960,1981]"captionStartId-1="6.[136,243,1942,1963]"captionTargetBox-0="[158,1430,190,1935]"captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetId-0="figure-14@5.[158,1430,190,1935]"captionTargetId-1="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetPageId-0="5"captionTargetPageId-1="6"captionText-0="FIGURES 14–19. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., external view, SEM. 14. One apex of a valve, note the rostrate end. 15. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 16. Magnification of the previous apex. 17. Magnification of the previous middle part, note the linking spines (arrows) and the alternate striae (double-head arrow). 18. Magnification of an apex. 19. One pole showing the ocellulimbus and the pore closing plates. Scale bars =10 μm (Figs 14, 15), 5 μm (Figs 16–18), 1 μm (Fig. 19)."captionText-1="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm."figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695995"figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997"httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13695995/files/figure.png"httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Figs 16, 18–20</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFD9DFA1C3FF7FA4A"box="[549,662,1448,1469]"captionStart-0="FIGURES 14–19"captionStart-1="FIGURES 20–23"captionStartId-0="5.[136,243,1960,1981]"captionStartId-1="6.[136,243,1942,1963]"captionTargetBox-0="[158,1430,190,1935]"captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetId-0="figure-14@5.[158,1430,190,1935]"captionTargetId-1="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetPageId-0="5"captionTargetPageId-1="6"captionText-0="FIGURES 14–19. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., external view, SEM. 14. One apex of a valve, note the rostrate end. 15. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 16. Magnification of the previous apex. 17. Magnification of the previous middle part, note the linking spines (arrows) and the alternate striae (double-head arrow). 18. Magnification of an apex. 19. One pole showing the ocellulimbus and the pore closing plates. Scale bars =10 μm (Figs 14, 15), 5 μm (Figs 16–18), 1 μm (Fig. 19)."captionText-1="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm."figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695995"figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997"httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13695995/files/figure.png"httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Figs 19–22</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFE85FA7F3CCDFA17"box="[317,428,1483,1504]"captionStart="FIGURES 20–23"captionStartId="6.[136,243,1942,1963]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Figs 20–22</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFC36FA7F3E9AFA17"box="[910,1019,1483,1504]"captionStart="FIGURES 11–13"captionStartId="4.[136,243,1957,1978]"captionTargetBox="[255,1333,190,1932]"captionTargetId="figure-17@4.[255,1333,190,1932]"captionTargetPageId="4"captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., girdle view, SEM. 11. One pole of a colony, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 12. The middle part of the colony, note the six girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 13. The other pole, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). Scale bars = 10 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695993"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695993/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Figs 11–13</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFBBBFA7F3922FA17"box="[1027,1091,1483,1504]"captionStart="FIGURES 20–23"captionStartId="6.[136,243,1942,1963]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">20–22</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFA8AFA7F38C0FA17"box="[1330,1441,1483,1504]"captionStart="FIGURES 20–23"captionStartId="6.[136,243,1942,1963]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetId="figure-17@6.[151,1436,190,1917]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695997"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695997/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Figs 20–22</figureCitation>
). Internally, valves possessing parallel margins, with rostrate poles; striae uniseriate almost opposite each other, composed of 5–8 slightly apically elongated areolae that radiate at apices (
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFD64F9A63E2DF9D0"box="[732,844,1554,1575]"captionStart="FIGURES 24–29"captionStartId="7.[136,243,1366,1387]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,175,1340]"captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1436,175,1341]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="FIGURES 24–29. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., internal views, SEM. 24. One pole of a vavle, note the rostrate end. 25. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 26. The other pole. 25. Magnification of the previous pole. 26. Magnification of the previous middle part. 27. Magnification of the other pole, note the alternate striae. Scale bars =10 μm (24–26), 5 μm (27–29)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695999"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695999/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Figs 26, 29</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="13272A697B68FFADFDA1F9823FE8F9BC"box="[537,649,1590,1611]"captionStart="FIGURES 24–29"captionStartId="7.[136,243,1366,1387]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,175,1340]"captionTargetId="figure-14@7.[151,1436,175,1341]"captionTargetPageId="7"captionText="FIGURES 24–29. Ulnaria sinensis sp. nov., internal views, SEM. 24. One pole of a vavle, note the rostrate end. 25. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 26. The other pole. 25. Magnification of the previous pole. 26. Magnification of the previous middle part. 27. Magnification of the other pole, note the alternate striae. Scale bars =10 μm (24–26), 5 μm (27–29)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13695999"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13695999/files/figure.png"pageId="2"pageNumber="243">Figs 27, 29</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="4C1C4D6F7B68FFADFEB8F7A53CF9F7D1"authorityName="Liu & Williams & Tan"authorityYear="2017"box="[256,408,2065,2086]"class="Bacillariophyceae"family="Fragilariaceae"genus="Ulnaria"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Chromista"order="Fragilariales"pageId="2"pageNumber="243"phylum="Ochrophyta"rank="species"species="sinensis"status="sp. nov.">Ulnaria sinensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameid="4C1C4D6F7B69FFACFE82F87D3CBBF829"authorityName="Liu & Williams & Tan"authorityYear="2017"box="[314,474,1993,2014]"class="Bacillariophyceae"family="Fragilariaceae"genus="Ulnaria"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Chromista"order="Fragilariales"pageId="3"pageNumber="244"phylum="Ochrophyta"rank="species"species="sinensis"status="sp. nov.">
<taxonomicNameid="4C1C4D6F7B6EFFABFEFBF8113C82F84D"authorityName="Liu & Williams & Tan"authorityYear="2017"box="[323,483,1957,1978]"class="Bacillariophyceae"family="Fragilariaceae"genus="Ulnaria"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Chromista"order="Fragilariales"pageId="4"pageNumber="245"phylum="Ochrophyta"rank="species"species="sinensis"status="sp. nov.">
, girdle view, SEM. 11. One pole of a colony, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 12. The middle part of the colony, note the six girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). 13. The other pole, note the complete frustule and its cingulum elements, especially the six closed girdle bands (labeled B1–B6). Scale bars = 10 μm.
<taxonomicNameid="4C1C4D6F7B6FFFAAFEF9F81C3CBEF84A"authorityName="Liu & Williams & Tan"authorityYear="2017"box="[321,479,1960,1981]"class="Bacillariophyceae"family="Fragilariaceae"genus="Ulnaria"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Chromista"order="Fragilariales"pageId="5"pageNumber="246"phylum="Ochrophyta"rank="species"species="sinensis"status="sp. nov.">
, external view, SEM. 14. One apex of a valve, note the rostrate end. 15. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 16. Magnification of the previous apex. 17. Magnification of the previous middle part, note the linking spines (arrows) and the alternate striae (double-head arrow). 18. Magnification of an apex. 19. One pole showing the ocellulimbus and the pore closing plates. Scale bars =10 μm (Figs 14, 15), 5 μm (Figs 16–18), 1 μm (Fig. 19).
<taxonomicNameid="4C1C4D6F7B6CFFA9FEFCF8223C82F85C"authorityName="Liu & Williams & Tan"authorityYear="2017"box="[324,483,1942,1963]"class="Bacillariophyceae"family="Fragilariaceae"genus="Ulnaria"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Chromista"order="Fragilariales"pageId="6"pageNumber="247"phylum="Ochrophyta"rank="species"species="sinensis"status="sp. nov.">
, SEM. 20. One pole of two valves showing the basal siliceous layer, note the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 21–22. Two poles in girdle view showing the closed valvocopulae, note the spatulate linking spines and the tiny poroids located at the end of the striae on the mantles (arrows). 23. Part of one girdle band, note the closed nature and one row of pores locating in the middle. Scale bars = 5 μm.
<taxonomicNameid="4C1C4D6F7B6DFFA8FEFAFAE23C80FA9C"authorityName="Liu & Williams & Tan"authorityYear="2017"box="[322,481,1366,1387]"class="Bacillariophyceae"family="Fragilariaceae"genus="Ulnaria"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Chromista"order="Fragilariales"pageId="7"pageNumber="248"phylum="Ochrophyta"rank="species"species="sinensis"status="sp. nov.">
, internal views, SEM. 24. One pole of a vavle, note the rostrate end. 25. The middle part of a valve, note the parallel both sides. 26. The other pole. 25. Magnification of the previous pole. 26. Magnification of the previous middle part. 27. Magnification of the other pole, note the alternate striae. Scale bars =10 μm (24–26), 5 μm (27–29).
<collectingCountyid="62C24E607B6DFFA8FE2EFA6A3E23FA04"box="[406,834,1502,1523]"pageId="7"pageNumber="248">Fanjing Mountain National Nature Reserve</collectingCounty>
—The following environmental parameters were measured in the field. Electric conductivity was 54.9 ± 1.4 μS/cm, pH was 7.6 ± 0.1, and water temperature was10.4 ± 0.1 °C. Since the diatom sample was scraped off the surfaces of stones and the water electric conductivity is below 100 μS/cm,
<taxonomicNameid="4C1C4D6F7B6DFFA8FC47F97839D9F912"authorityName="Liu & Williams & Tan"authorityYear="2017"box="[1023,1208,1740,1765]"class="Bacillariophyceae"family="Fragilariaceae"genus="Ulnaria"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Chromista"order="Fragilariales"pageId="7"pageNumber="248"phylum="Ochrophyta"rank="species"species="sinensis">