<documentid="B6C3693187549A562F915789442B6DFC"ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5477.4.3"ID-ISSN="1175-5326"ID-Zenodo-Dep="12733195"ID-ZooBank="3C4D7B3E-DB06-4636-82AE-81610BCF9A42"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar"checkinTime="1720790300907"checkinUser="plazi"docAuthor="Bick, Andreas, Oberrisser, Philipp & Bastrop, Ralf"docDate="2024"docId="0380BE72FFC8C629FF1AFE206A74FA26"docLanguage="en"docName="zootaxa.5477.4.3.pdf"docOrigin="Zootaxa 5477 (4)"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5477.4.3"docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D"docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="9"docTitle="Manayunkia danubialis Bacescu 1944, n. comb."docType="treatment"docVersion="3"lastPageNumber="460"masterDocId="FFB9C60AFFC2C626FF8DFF966E2FFF8D"masterDocTitle="Redescription of Manayunkia caspica Annenkova, 1929 and M. danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb. (Fabriciidae, Sabellida, Polychaeta)"masterLastPageNumber="464"masterPageNumber="445"pageNumber="455"updateTime="1721134575229"updateUser="valdenar"zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:titleid="E7AEAA6A4CD11ABD9594C4686A0A9F4D">Redescription of Manayunkia caspica Annenkova, 1929 and M. danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb. (Fabriciidae, Sabellida, Polychaeta)</mods:title>
<taxonomicNameid="4C2974E7FFC8C62CFF1AFE206C40FE5D"authority="Bacescu, 1944"authorityName="Bacescu"authorityYear="1944"baseAuthorityName="Bick & Oberrisser & Bastrop"baseAuthorityYear="1944"box="[151,623,438,465]"class="Polychaeta"family="Fabriciidae"genus="Manayunkia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Sabellida"pageId="10"pageNumber="455"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="danubialis"status="comb. nov.">
<bibRefCitationid="EFB87295FFC8C62CFE4DFE206C40FE5D"author="Bacescu"box="[448,623,438,464]"pageId="10"pageNumber="455"pagination="2 - 3"refId="ref10430"refString="Bacescu M. (1944) Urme de fauna marina in apele Dunarii la Cazanele Si Porțile de Fier. Revista Stiințifica " Vasile Adamachi ", IaSi, 30 (2 - 3), 151 - 153."type="journal article"year="1944">Băcescu, 1944</bibRefCitation>
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC8C62CFF12FE4D6F08FE78"box="[159,295,475,501]"captionStart-0="FIGURE 6"captionStart-1="FIGURE 7"captionStart-2="FIGURE 8"captionStart-3="FIGURE 9"captionStartId-0="12.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionStartId-1="13.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionStartId-2="14.[152,255,1712,1736]"captionStartId-3="15.[152,255,742,766]"captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetBox-2="[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,187,716]"captionTargetId-0="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId-1="figure-19@13.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId-2="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetId-3="figure-19@15.[151,1436,181,719]"captionTargetPageId-0="12"captionTargetPageId-1="13"captionTargetPageId-2="14"captionTargetPageId-3="15"captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm."captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm."captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)."captionText-3="FIGURE 9. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through base of radiolar crown. A. Base of radiolar crown, junction of the blood vessel from dorsal branchial heart to ventral vascularized filamentous appendages visible. B. Cross-section through the peristomial region lobe (43 µm basal of section A). Scale bars A, B 100 µm (abbr: aprl anterior peristomial ring lobe, bh branchial heart, fg faecal groove, np nephropore, oe oesophagus, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)."figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207"figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209"figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211"figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733213"httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png"httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1
<bibRefCitationid="EFB87295FFC8C62CFDB8FDED6CD2FD1E"author="Marinov, T."box="[565,765,635,659]"pageId="10"pageNumber="455"pagination="1 - 258"refId="ref12127"refString="Marinov, T. (1977) Fauna Bulgarica 6, Polychaeta. In: Aedibus Academiae Scientiarum Bulgaricae. Institutum Zoologicum, Sofia, pp. 1 - 258."type="book chapter"year="1977">Marinov 1977: 216</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 30, fig. 1a–e.—
<treatmentCitationid="0A882975FFC8C62CFC49FDED6B15FD1E"author="Jakovcev-Todorovic, D. & Dikanovic, V. & Milosevic, S. & Cakic, P."box="[964,1338,635,659]"page="35"pageId="10"pageNumber="455"year="2006">
<bibRefCitationid="EFB87295FFC8C62CFC49FDED6B15FD1E"author="Jakovcev-Todorovic, D. & Dikanovic, V. & Milosevic, S. & Cakic, P."box="[964,1338,635,659]"pageId="10"pageNumber="455"pagination="35 - 36"refId="ref11675"refString="Jakovcev-Todorovic, D., Dikanovic, V. Milosevic, S. & Cakic, P. (2006) Discovery of polychaete species Manayunkia caspica Annenkova, 1929 in the Serbian sector of the Danube. Archive of Biological Science, 58 (4), 35 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.2298 / ABS 060435 PJ"type="journal article"year="2006">
<bibRefCitationid="EFB87295FFC8C62CFF4AFD0C6C3DFD3F"author="Popescu-Marinescu, V."box="[199,530,666,690]"pageId="10"pageNumber="455"pagination="23 - 32"refId="ref12446"refString="Popescu-Marinescu, V. (2008) Spreading and ecology of Manayunkia caspica Annenkova, 1929 (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in Romanian Danube stretch. Romanian Journal of Biology, Zoology, 52 / 53, 23 - 32."type="journal article"year="2008">Popescu-Marinescu 2008: 23–31</bibRefCitation>
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.—
<treatmentCitationid="0A882975FFC8C62CFDBDFD0C6D73FD3F"author="Atanackovic, A. & Zoric, K. & Tomovic, J. & Ilic, M. & Tubic, B. & Csanyi, B. & Paunivic, M."box="[560,860,666,690]"page="621"pageId="10"pageNumber="455"year="2020">
<bibRefCitationid="EFB87295FFC8C62CFDBDFD0C6D73FD3F"author="Atanackovic, A. & Zoric, K. & Tomovic, J. & Ilic, M. & Tubic, B. & Csanyi, B. & Paunivic, M."box="[560,860,666,690]"pageId="10"pageNumber="455"pagination="619 - 622"refId="ref10276"refString="Atanackovic, A., Zoric, K., Tomovic, J., Ilic, M., Tubic, B., Csanyi, B. & Paunivic, M. (2020) Range extension of the Ponto- Caspian polychaete Manayunkia capsica Annenkova, 1929 (Annelida: Fabriciidae) in the Danube River. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 72 (4), 619 - 622."type="journal article"year="2020">
<treatmentCitationid="0A882975FFC8C62CFC3AFD0C6AB3FD3F"author="Pavel, A. B. & Menabit, S. & Pop, I. C. & Stanescu, I."box="[951,1180,666,690]"page="6"pageId="10"pageNumber="455"year="2021">
<bibRefCitationid="EFB87295FFC8C62CFC3AFD0C6AB3FD3F"author="Pavel, A. B. & Menabit, S. & Pop, I. C. & Stanescu, I."box="[951,1180,666,690]"pageId="10"pageNumber="455"pagination="1 - 2"refId="ref12323"refString="Pavel, A. B., Menabit, S., Pop, I. C. & Stanescu, I. (2021) The spatio-temporal distribution in the lower sector of the Danube River and in Danube delta. Global Ecology and Conservation, 28 (1 - 2), e 01623. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. gecco. 2021. e 01623"type="journal article"year="2021">
<treatmentCitationid="0A882975FFC8C62CFF4EFD2E6C88FD5C"author="Annenkova, N. P."box="[195,679,696,721]"page="20"pageId="10"pageNumber="455"year="1929">
<bibRefCitationid="EFB87295FFC8C62CFE14FD2E6C88FD5C"author="Annenkova, N. P."box="[409,679,696,721]"pageId="10"pageNumber="455"pagination="13 - 20"refId="ref10193"refString="Annenkova, N. P. (1929 a) Uber die pontokaspischen Polychaeten. II. Die Gattungen H ypaniola, Parhypania, Fabricia und Manayunkia. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie des Sciences de l'URSS, 30, 13 - 20."type="journal article"year="1929">Annenkova, 1929a: 18–20</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 3, fig. 1–4, pl. 4, fig. 10–12.—
<treatmentCitationid="0A882975FFC8C62CFC72FD2E6B0AFD5C"author="Zenkewitsch, L. A."box="[1023,1317,696,721]"page="199"pageId="10"pageNumber="455"year="1935">
<bibRefCitationid="EFB87295FFC8C62CFC72FD2E6B0AFD5C"author="Zenkewitsch, L. A."box="[1023,1317,696,721]"pageId="10"pageNumber="455"pagination="195 - 203"refId="ref12930"refString="Zenkewitsch, L. A. (1935) Uber das Vorkommen der Brackwasserpolychaete Manayunkia (M. polaris n. sp.) an der Murmankuste. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 109, 195 - 203."type="journal article"year="1935">Zenkewitsch 1935: 199–201</bibRefCitation>
Eight thoracic and three abdominal chaetigers. Pectinated radioles present. Unbranched vascularized ventral filamentous appendages present. Dorsal lips erect, rounded. Anterior margin of anterior peristomial ring developed as a low membranous collar with distinct ventral lobe; anterior peristomial ring narrowly separated mid-dorsally; ciliated band ventrally on the posterior margin of the anterior peristomial ring. Border between anterior and posterior peristomial ring clearly visible. Inferior thoracic notochaetae on chaetigers 1 and 6–8 narrowly hooded, and pseudo-spatulate on chaetigers 2–5. Thoracic uncini of chaetigers 2–5 or 2–8 (sexual dimorphism?) with main fang and towards apical with about 4 rows of progressively smaller teeth. Where these uncini absent (females?), i.e., segments 6–8, transitional uncini without main fang and a multitude of rows of small, equal-sized teeth present. Dentate region of abdominal uncini with about 6–8 rows of equal-sized teeth, manubrium about three to four times as long as dentate region. Peristomial eyes black, pygidial eyes absent. Females with pigmented spermathecae and brood chamber.
Specimens with eight thoracic and three abdominal chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC8C62CFBDBFACB6AF5FAFA"box="[1110,1242,1373,1399]"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="455">Fig. 6A, E</figureCitation>
); total length of specimens, including radiolar crown, between 2.2 and
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC8C62CFC6CFA336A52FA32"box="[993,1149,1445,1471]"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="455">Fig. 6A–C, E</figureCitation>
); ratio between length of radiolar crown and body length, without radiolar crown, between 0.1 and 0.2; body cylindrical, slender, slightly tapering posteriorly (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC8C62CFE0EFA7B6C7DF98A"box="[387,594,1517,1544]"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="455">Fig. 6A, D, F, H, I</figureCitation>
Radiolar crown with three pairs of radioles and one pair of unbranched vascularized ventral filamentous appendages (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC8C62CFEA1F9A36F84F9C2"box="[300,427,1589,1615]"captionStart="FIGURE 8"captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]"captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="455">Fig. 8A–C</figureCitation>
); surface of radioles and ventral filamentous appendages wrinkled (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC8C62CFB34F9A36B17F9C2"box="[1209,1336,1589,1615]"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="455">Fig. 6A–C</figureCitation>
); ventral filamentous appendages and all branches of radioles end at about same height (6A–C, E); radiolar lobes completely separated from one another (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC8C62CFE58F9EB6C63F91A"box="[469,588,1661,1687]"captionStart="FIGURE 8"captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]"captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="455">Fig. 8D–F</figureCitation>
); first dorsal radioles branch off from the branchial lobe, median and ventral radioles arise from a common base (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC8C62CFDA0F9376C87F936"box="[557,680,1697,1723]"captionStart="FIGURE 8"captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]"captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="455">Fig. 8B–D</figureCitation>
); ventral and median radioles asymmetrical branched or pectinated, dorsal radioles unbranched (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC8C62CFE55F9536C78F952"box="[472,599,1733,1759]"captionStart="FIGURE 8"captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]"captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="455">Fig. 8A–D</figureCitation>
); ventral radioles with 5 (left and right lobe), median radioles with 4 (left and right lobe) branches (only
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC8C62CFC98F97F6DBFF88E"box="[789,912,1769,1795]"captionStart="FIGURE 8"captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]"captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="455">Fig. 8B–D</figureCitation>
); no morphological differences in the structure of the branches, except ventral filamentous appendages (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC8C62CFC9EF89B6DA2F8AA"box="[787,909,1805,1831]"captionStart="FIGURE 8"captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]"captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="455">Fig. 8A, B</figureCitation>
); branches of radioles and vascularized ventral filamentous appendages rectangular to square in cross-section, extension about 16–30 x 24–32 µm and 35–40 x 43–56 µm, respectively (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC8C62CFE34F8C36C39F8E2"box="[441,534,1877,1903]"captionStart="FIGURE 8"captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]"captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="455">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
); vascularized ventral filamentous appendages with blood vessel (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC8C62CFA99F8C36BBFF8E2"box="[1300,1424,1877,1903]"captionStart="FIGURE 8"captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]"captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="455">Fig. 8A–F</figureCitation>
), connecting to corresponding dorsally located branchial heart (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC8C62CFCE5F8EF6DEAF81E"box="[872,965,1913,1939]"captionStart="FIGURE 9"captionStartId="15.[152,255,742,766]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,716]"captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1436,181,719]"captionTargetPageId="15"captionText="FIGURE 9. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through base of radiolar crown. A. Base of radiolar crown, junction of the blood vessel from dorsal branchial heart to ventral vascularized filamentous appendages visible. B. Cross-section through the peristomial region lobe (43 µm basal of section A). Scale bars A, B 100 µm (abbr: aprl anterior peristomial ring lobe, bh branchial heart, fg faecal groove, np nephropore, oe oesophagus, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733213"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733213/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="455">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
); epidermis of radioles and vascularized ventral filamentous appendages medially with ciliated and laterally with non-ciliated epithelial cells; ciliated cells constitute a shallow food groove of radioles (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC8C62CFD1EF8576D20F856"box="[659,783,1985,2011]"captionStart="FIGURE 8"captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]"captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png"pageId="10"pageNumber="455">Fig. 8A–C</figureCitation>
); center of branches of radioles occupied by a large cavity bordered by a narrow band of cells; radioles with cylindrical cells laterally; extracellular matrix not visible between epithelia (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFE87FF2D6FA6FF58"box="[266,393,187,213]"captionStart="FIGURE 8"captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]"captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 8A–C</figureCitation>
). Dorsal lips as triangular lobes, rounded at the upper margin, with ciliated epithelium all around (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFF7EFF496F46FF74"box="[243,361,223,249]"captionStart="FIGURE 8"captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]"captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]"captionTargetPageId="14"captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 8B–F</figureCitation>
); about 20 to 30 µm long, dorsal lips connect dorsal radioli with vascularized ventral filamentous appendages; between base of branchial lobes and base of the dorsal lips, ciliated food groove forms as a continuation of the ciliated epithelial cells of the radioli, which extends ventrally to the mouth opening; mouth opening bounded ventrally by the anterior peristomial ring. Ventral lips or lip-like processes absent.
Peristomium slightly longer than first chaetiger, about as long as chaetiger 2, consisting of anterior and posterior ring; anterior peristomial ring distinctly shorter than posterior one (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFC65FE056A4CFE20"box="[1000,1123,403,429]"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 6A–C</figureCitation>
); anterior margin of anterior peristomial ring developed as low membranous collar ventrally, narrowly separated mid-dorsally (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFA9DFE216BA0FE5C"box="[1296,1423,439,465]"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 6A–C</figureCitation>
); ciliated band present ventrally on posterior margin of anterior peristomial ring (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFBB0FE4D6AB3FE78"box="[1085,1180,475,501]"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Figs 6C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFB20FE4D6AFDFE78"box="[1197,1234,475,501]"captionStart="FIGURE 9"captionStartId="15.[152,255,742,766]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,716]"captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1436,181,719]"captionTargetPageId="15"captionText="FIGURE 9. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through base of radiolar crown. A. Base of radiolar crown, junction of the blood vessel from dorsal branchial heart to ventral vascularized filamentous appendages visible. B. Cross-section through the peristomial region lobe (43 µm basal of section A). Scale bars A, B 100 µm (abbr: aprl anterior peristomial ring lobe, bh branchial heart, fg faecal groove, np nephropore, oe oesophagus, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733213"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733213/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">9A</figureCitation>
); border between anterior and posterior peristomial rings clearly visible (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFC9BFE696DBAFD94"box="[790,917,511,537]"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 6B, C</figureCitation>
); one pair of rounded black peristomial eyes present. Females with pigmented spermathecae.
Faecal groove dorsally deeply sunken in peristomial region, considerably lower on first and following chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFF12FDFD6ED4FD08"box="[159,251,619,645]"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFE8AFDFD6F04FD08"box="[263,299,619,645]"captionStart="FIGURE 9"captionStartId="15.[152,255,742,766]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,716]"captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1436,181,719]"captionTargetPageId="15"captionText="FIGURE 9. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through base of radiolar crown. A. Base of radiolar crown, junction of the blood vessel from dorsal branchial heart to ventral vascularized filamentous appendages visible. B. Cross-section through the peristomial region lobe (43 µm basal of section A). Scale bars A, B 100 µm (abbr: aprl anterior peristomial ring lobe, bh branchial heart, fg faecal groove, np nephropore, oe oesophagus, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733213"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733213/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">9B</figureCitation>
); shifting from dorsal midline to ventral midline at border between thorax and abdomen (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFA96FDFD6E85FD24"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 6A, D, F</figureCitation>
Metanephridia located in peristomium and first two chaetigers; nephridial duct first paired, then unpaired; nephropore dorsally between base of radiolar lobes (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFD6EFD416D73FD7C"box="[739,860,727,753]"captionStart="FIGURE 9"captionStartId="15.[152,255,742,766]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,716]"captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1436,181,719]"captionTargetPageId="15"captionText="FIGURE 9. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through base of radiolar crown. A. Base of radiolar crown, junction of the blood vessel from dorsal branchial heart to ventral vascularized filamentous appendages visible. B. Cross-section through the peristomial region lobe (43 µm basal of section A). Scale bars A, B 100 µm (abbr: aprl anterior peristomial ring lobe, bh branchial heart, fg faecal groove, np nephropore, oe oesophagus, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733213"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733213/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
First chaetiger slightly shorter than peristomium and second chaetiger, chaetigers 2 to 4 successively longer, chaetiger 5 slightly shorter than chaetiger 4; chaetigers 6 and especially 7 significantly longer, chaetiger 8 shorter again; first 5 thoracic chaetigers wider than long, last 3 thoracic chaetigers distinctly longer than wide (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFAB1FCD56E84FC0C"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 6A, E</figureCitation>
); borders between thoracic chaetigers usually clear visible, except between last 3 thoracic chaetigers (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFAB9FCF16BA0FC0C"box="[1332,1423,871,897]"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
), especially with females, if a brood chamber is present (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFC80FC1D6D49FC28"box="[781,870,907,933]"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
); abdominal chaetigers short; abdomen, including pygidium, in total about as long as chaetiger 8 (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFD22FC396D26FC44"box="[687,777,943,969]"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
); pygidium about same length as chaetiger 10, terminating as rounded lobe (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFED8FC456C0EFC60"box="[341,545,979,1005]"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 6A, D, F, H, I</figureCitation>
); pygidium with fields of small epidermal glandular openings (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFB53FC456B03FC60"box="[1246,1324,979,1005]"captionStart="FIGURE 6"captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="12"captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 6I</figureCitation>
First chaetiger with 2–3 short and 3–5 elongate, narrowly hooded notochaetae, neuropodial uncini absent (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFAE2FB8D6E92FBD4"captionStart="FIGURE 7"captionStartId="13.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="13"captionText="FIGURE 7. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733209/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
); notopodia of chaetigers 2–5 superiorly with 4–6 elongate, narrowly hooded and inferiorly with 2–4 pseudospatulate chaetae (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFEE8FBF56FF2FBF0"box="[357,477,1123,1149]"captionStart="FIGURE 7"captionStartId="13.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="13"captionText="FIGURE 7. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733209/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 7B, C</figureCitation>
); notopodia of chaetigers 6–8 superiorly with 4–6 elongate, narrowly hooded and 3–4 short, narrowly hooded chaetae (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFD8EFB116C72FB2C"box="[515,605,1159,1185]"captionStart="FIGURE 7"captionStartId="13.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="13"captionText="FIGURE 7. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733209/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
); neuropodia of chaetigers 2–6 or 2–8 with 6–8 (rarely 4) uncini with main fang and towards apical with about 4 rows of progressively smaller teeth (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFC44FB3D6A12FB48"box="[969,1085,1195,1221]"captionStart="FIGURE 7"captionStartId="13.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="13"captionText="FIGURE 7. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733209/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 7F, G</figureCitation>
); sometimes uncini in a slightly offset double row (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFEFCFB596FE2FB64"box="[369,461,1231,1257]"captionStart="FIGURE 7"captionStartId="13.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="13"captionText="FIGURE 7. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733209/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 7G</figureCitation>
); in a number of specimens, 3–5 transitional uncini on chaetigers 6–8, different from thoracic uncini on chaetigers 2–5; apical region of transitional uncini slightly longer than those of regular thoracic uncini, without main fang but with a multitude of rows of small, equal-sized teeth (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFBB9FA816AA5FABC"box="[1076,1162,1303,1329]"captionStart="FIGURE 7"captionStartId="13.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="13"captionText="FIGURE 7. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733209/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
); abdominal neuropodia with 3–5 elongate and 2–4 short, narrowly hooded chaetae (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFCCEFAAD6DB3FAD8"box="[835,924,1339,1365]"captionStart="FIGURE 7"captionStartId="13.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="13"captionText="FIGURE 7. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733209/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
); abdominal notopodia with 13–18 uncini on chaetigers 9, 8–12 uncini on chaetiger 10, and 5–12 uncini on chaetiger 11, respectively; abdominal uncini with about 6–8 rows of equal-sized teeth, about 5–6 teeth per row (
<figureCitationid="131213E1FFC9C62DFCC4FA156DB7FA10"box="[841,920,1411,1437]"captionStart="FIGURE 7"captionStartId="13.[152,255,1792,1816]"captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1435,181,1768]"captionTargetPageId="13"captionText="FIGURE 7. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733209/files/figure.png"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
); manubrium about three to four times as long as dentate region.
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="8B960F64FFC9C62DFF4AFA5D6CD9F984"blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]"pageId="11"pageNumber="456">Females with brood chamber on chaetigers 6–8. Fixed specimens translucent, however radiolar crown, anterior intestinal region and nephridia are brownish in colour.</paragraph>
<taxonomicNameid="4C2974E7FFC9C62DFECDF9856C68F9A0"authorityName="Bick & Oberrisser & Bastrop"authorityYear="2024"baseAuthorityName="Bick & Oberrisser & Bastrop"baseAuthorityYear="1944"box="[320,583,1555,1581]"class="Polychaeta"family="Fabriciidae"genus="Manayunkia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Sabellida"pageId="11"pageNumber="456"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="danubialis"status="comb. nov.">
. These differences are not very conspicuous. The character states also overlap. This is mainly because diagnostic characters, such as the number of thoracic and abdominal uncini, vary depending on the size of the specimens (
<bibRefCitationid="EFB87295FFC9C62DFCE7F9E96DCBF914"author="Bick, A."box="[874,996,1662,1689]"pageId="11"pageNumber="456"pagination="41 - 53"refId="ref10647"refString="Bick, A. (1995) Entwicklungsbedingte Veranderungen von morphologischen Merkmalen bei Marenzelleria viridis (Verill), Spionidae) und Manayunkia aestuarina (Bourne), Sabellidae. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 92 (Erganzungsband), 41 - 53."type="journal article"year="1995">Bick 1995</bibRefCitation>
). However, a comparison of specimens of comparable size shows that the number of thoracic uncini is greater in
<taxonomicNameid="4C2974E7FFC9C62DFC42F9356A45F930"authorityName="Bick & Oberrisser & Bastrop"authorityYear="2024"baseAuthorityName="Bick & Oberrisser & Bastrop"baseAuthorityYear="1944"box="[975,1130,1699,1725]"class="Polychaeta"family="Fabriciidae"genus="Manayunkia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Sabellida"pageId="11"pageNumber="456"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="danubialis"status="n. comb.">
<taxonomicNameid="4C2974E7FFC9C62DFAF3F9356F22F96C"authorityName="Bick & Oberrisser & Bastrop"authorityYear="2024"baseAuthorityName="Bick & Oberrisser & Bastrop"baseAuthorityYear="1944"class="Polychaeta"family="Fabriciidae"genus="Manayunkia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Sabellida"pageId="11"pageNumber="456"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="danubialis"status="n. comb.">
, an erection to species status becomes necessary,
<taxonomicNameid="4C2974E7FFC9C62DFD95F8C16C9CF8FC"authorityName="Bick & Oberrisser & Bastrop"authorityYear="2024"baseAuthorityName="Bick & Oberrisser & Bastrop"baseAuthorityYear="1944"box="[536,691,1879,1905]"class="Polychaeta"family="Fabriciidae"genus="Manayunkia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Sabellida"pageId="11"pageNumber="456"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="danubialis"status="n. comb.">
). A further invasion of the upper Danube and its tributaries is likely. This means that migration beyond the Danube into Germany’s river systems will continue.
<taxonomicNameid="4C2974E7FFCEC62AFE93F8966C88F895"authority="Bacescu, 1944"authorityName="Bacescu"authorityYear="1944"baseAuthorityName="Bick & Oberrisser & Bastrop"baseAuthorityYear="1944"box="[286,679,1792,1816]"class="Polychaeta"family="Fabriciidae"genus="Manayunkia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Sabellida"pageId="12"pageNumber="457"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="danubialis"status="comb. nov.">
<bibRefCitationid="EFB87295FFCEC62AFD9EF8966C41F89A"author="Bacescu"box="[531,622,1792,1815]"pageId="12"pageNumber="457"pagination="2 - 3"refId="ref10430"refString="Bacescu M. (1944) Urme de fauna marina in apele Dunarii la Cazanele Si Porțile de Fier. Revista Stiințifica " Vasile Adamachi ", IaSi, 30 (2 - 3), 151 - 153."type="journal article"year="1944">Băcescu,</bibRefCitation>
, SEM micrographs. A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm.
<taxonomicNameid="4C2974E7FFCFC62BFE93F8966C87F895"authority="Bacescu, 1944"authorityName="Bacescu"authorityYear="1944"baseAuthorityName="Bick & Oberrisser & Bastrop"baseAuthorityYear="1944"box="[286,680,1792,1816]"class="Polychaeta"family="Fabriciidae"genus="Manayunkia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Sabellida"pageId="13"pageNumber="458"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="danubialis"status="comb. nov.">
<bibRefCitationid="EFB87295FFCFC62BFD99F8966C40F89A"author="Bacescu"box="[532,623,1792,1815]"pageId="13"pageNumber="458"pagination="2 - 3"refId="ref10430"refString="Bacescu M. (1944) Urme de fauna marina in apele Dunarii la Cazanele Si Porțile de Fier. Revista Stiințifica " Vasile Adamachi ", IaSi, 30 (2 - 3), 151 - 153."type="journal article"year="1944">Băcescu,</bibRefCitation>
, SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm.
<taxonomicNameid="4C2974E7FFCCC628FEACF9276C80F944"authority="Bacescu, 1944"authorityName="Bacescu"authorityYear="1944"baseAuthorityName="Bick & Oberrisser & Bastrop"baseAuthorityYear="1944"box="[289,687,1713,1737]"class="Polychaeta"family="Fabriciidae"genus="Manayunkia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Sabellida"pageId="14"pageNumber="459"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="danubialis"status="comb. nov.">
<bibRefCitationid="EFB87295FFCCC628FD97F9276C5AF945"author="Bacescu"box="[538,629,1713,1736]"pageId="14"pageNumber="459"pagination="2 - 3"refId="ref10430"refString="Bacescu M. (1944) Urme de fauna marina in apele Dunarii la Cazanele Si Porțile de Fier. Revista Stiințifica " Vasile Adamachi ", IaSi, 30 (2 - 3), 151 - 153."type="journal article"year="1944">Băcescu,</bibRefCitation>
, semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages).
<taxonomicNameid="4C2974E7FFCDC629FEA9FD716C9AFD72"authority="Bacescu, 1944"authorityName="Bacescu"authorityYear="1944"baseAuthorityName="Bick & Oberrisser & Bastrop"baseAuthorityYear="1944"box="[292,693,743,767]"class="Polychaeta"family="Fabriciidae"genus="Manayunkia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Sabellida"pageId="15"pageNumber="460"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="danubialis"status="comb. nov.">
<bibRefCitationid="EFB87295FFCDC629FD92FD716C55FD73"author="Bacescu"box="[543,634,743,766]"pageId="15"pageNumber="460"pagination="2 - 3"refId="ref10430"refString="Bacescu M. (1944) Urme de fauna marina in apele Dunarii la Cazanele Si Porțile de Fier. Revista Stiințifica " Vasile Adamachi ", IaSi, 30 (2 - 3), 151 - 153."type="journal article"year="1944">Băcescu,</bibRefCitation>
, semithin sections (1 µm) through base of radiolar crown. A. Base of radiolar crown, junction of the blood vessel from dorsal branchial heart to ventral vascularized filamentous appendages visible. B. Cross-section through the peristomial region lobe (43 µm basal of section A). Scale bars A, B 100 µm (abbr: aprl anterior peristomial ring lobe, bh branchial heart, fg faecal groove, np nephropore, oe oesophagus, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages).
The following information on the biology of the species comes from
<bibRefCitationid="EFB87295FFCDC629FBA9FC776B65FC76"author="Popescu-Marinescu, V. P."box="[1060,1354,993,1019]"pageId="15"pageNumber="460"pagination="87 - 100"refId="ref12397"refString="Popescu-Marinescu, V. P. (1964) La reproduction et le developpement des polychetes reliques ponto-Caspiens du Danube: Hypania kowalewskii (Grimm) et Manayunkia caspica Ann. Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Serie de Zoologie, 9 (2), 87 - 100."type="journal article"year="1964">Popescu-Marinescu (1964</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitationid="EFB87295FFCDC629FAD9FC776BBEFC76"author="Popescu-Marinescu, V."box="[1364,1425,993,1019]"pageId="15"pageNumber="460"pagination="23 - 32"refId="ref12446"refString="Popescu-Marinescu, V. (2008) Spreading and ecology of Manayunkia caspica Annenkova, 1929 (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in Romanian Danube stretch. Romanian Journal of Biology, Zoology, 52 / 53, 23 - 32."type="journal article"year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicNameid="4C2974E7FFCDC629FF1AFB936F8EFB92"authorityName="Bick & Oberrisser & Bastrop"authorityYear="2024"baseAuthorityName="Bick & Oberrisser & Bastrop"baseAuthorityYear="1944"box="[151,417,1029,1055]"class="Polychaeta"family="Fabriciidae"genus="Manayunkia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Sabellida"pageId="15"pageNumber="460"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="danubialis"status="comb. nov.">
reaches abundances of thousands of specimens per one square meter in suitable habitats in the Romanian Danube. Females have oocytes in chaetiger 5 and males have sperm in chaetigers 6–8. Eggs are about
in diameter. Chaetigers 6–8 of females are elongate and form a brood chamber. The peak of reproduction is in May. More than 40 per cent of individuals are then egg-carrying females. Another peak of egg laying is assumed to occur autumn (September–November). The egg-laying and development of larvae takes place in the maternal tube. Three to
(mean number 8) in various stages of development were found simultaneously in the tubes of the females. A comparable reproductive period was described for
<bibRefCitationid="EFB87295FFCDC629FECCFA976F94FA96"author="Bick, A."box="[321,443,1281,1307]"pageId="15"pageNumber="460"pagination="287 - 298"refId="ref10695"refString="Bick, A. (1996) Reproduction and larval development of Manayunkia aestuarina (Bourne, 1883) (Polychaeta, Sabellidae) in a coastal region of the southern Baltic. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, 50, 287 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02367157"type="journal article"year="1996">Bick 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraphid="8B960F64FFCDC629FF4AFAB36A55FAEE"blockId="15.[151,1437,992,1451]"pageId="15"pageNumber="460">In the specimens we examined, two early developmental stages of 200 µm length were found in a maternal tube in February (study site Nussdorf), indicating an onset of the reproduction in early spring.</paragraph>
<taxonomicNameid="4C2974E7FFCDC629FEBEFAFB6C12FA0A"authorityName="Bick & Oberrisser & Bastrop"authorityYear="2024"baseAuthorityName="Bick & Oberrisser & Bastrop"baseAuthorityYear="1944"box="[307,573,1389,1415]"class="Polychaeta"family="Fabriciidae"genus="Manayunkia"kingdom="Animalia"order="Sabellida"pageId="15"pageNumber="460"phylum="Annelida"rank="species"species="danubialis"status="comb. nov.">
is a species that does not tolerate large salinity fluctuations, prefer oxygen-rich and stony habitats mainly in the riparian area (
<bibRefCitationid="EFB87295FFCDC629FCA1FA076A60FA26"author="Popescu-Marinescu, V."box="[812,1103,1425,1451]"pageId="15"pageNumber="460"pagination="23 - 32"refId="ref12446"refString="Popescu-Marinescu, V. (2008) Spreading and ecology of Manayunkia caspica Annenkova, 1929 (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in Romanian Danube stretch. Romanian Journal of Biology, Zoology, 52 / 53, 23 - 32."type="journal article"year="2008">Popescu-Marinescu 2008</bibRefCitation>
