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<document id= "DEB35E020F9F066DE2027E2CCCF30EED" ID-DOI= "10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206" ID-Zenodo-Dep= "14111022" IM.bibliography_approvedBy= "felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy= "felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy= "felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy= "felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor= "plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy= "felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy= "felipe" checkinTime= "1634280027544" checkinUser= "donat" docAuthor= "Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate= "2021" docId= "03B787F6FFD19B72621C7E36FDA0FB4C" docLanguage= "en" docName= "2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin= "Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle= "Grypothrix" docType= "treatment" docVersion= "4" lastPageNumber= "47" masterDocId= "FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle= "A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber= "46" updateTime= "1731444927364" updateUser= "ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document= "CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0" >
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<mods:title id= "3D56FA39EC0D390F2DBE0F40A0621FEE" > A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id= "572DFD0B66F6A9E0A604DDB8399AEBBA" type= "personal" >
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<mods:namePart id= "74AFD3F70B283AF3D5328323FA3FC5D8" > Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id= "04C0F923E268C025B6C0D622AE762DD2" > Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id= "C304656BFFD19B73621C7E36FD54FC22" box= "[567,755,895,921]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" type= "nomenclature" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFD19B73621C7E36FD54FC22" blockId= "56.[97,1225,895,983]" box= "[567,755,895,921]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" >
<heading id= "D0E9818CFFD19B73621C7E36FD54FC22" allCaps= "true" bold= "true" box= "[567,755,895,921]" centered= "true" fontSize= "11" level= "2" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" reason= "0" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B73621C7E36FD54FC22" ID-CoL= "8RV2R" box= "[567,755,895,921]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B73621C7E36FD54FC22" bold= "true" box= "[567,755,895,921]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > GRYPOTHRIX</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id= "C304656BFFD19B73604A7EE1FD7CFC07" box= "[97,731,935,957]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" type= "reference_group" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFD19B73604A7EE1FD7CFC07" blockId= "56.[97,1225,895,983]" box= "[97,731,935,957]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B73604A7EE1FD82FC07" authority= "(Holttum) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName= "S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName= "Holttum" box= "[97,549,935,957]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B73604A7EE1FF7FFC06" bold= "true" box= "[97,216,936,957]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > Grypothrix</emphasis>
(Holttum) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm.
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B73621A7EEEFD7CFC07" bold= "true" box= "[561,731,935,956]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > gen. et stat. nov.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id= "C304656BFFD19B7362F07EEEFC2AFC6C" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" type= "type_taxon" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFD19B7362F07EEEFC2AFC6C" blockId= "56.[97,1225,895,983]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7362F07EEEFD55FC07" box= "[731,754,935,956]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > —</emphasis>
<typeStatus id= "54A58842FFD19B7362D97EE2FCB5FC00" box= "[754,786,939,955]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" >
<collectionCode id= "ED0FAE25FFD19B7362D97EE2FCB5FC00" box= "[754,786,939,955]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > TYPE</collectionCode>
</typeStatus>
:
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B7363377EE3FB12FC07" authority= "(Blume) S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." authorityName= "S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName= "Blume" box= "[796,1205,938,956]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "cuspidata" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7363377EE3FC1AFC00" box= "[796,957,938,955]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > Grypothrix cuspidata</emphasis>
(Blume) S.E. Fawc. & A.R. Sm.
</taxonomicName>
[=
<treatmentCitation id= "0ABF10F1FFD19B73608A7E8CFDF6FC6C" author= "" box= "[161,593,965,983]" journal= "Pl. Javae" page= "114" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" score= "0.003640472263352152" volume= "2" year= "1828" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B73608A7E8CFE5FFC6E" ID-CoL= "8RBZX" authority= "Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae" box= "[161,504,965,983]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Meniscium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "cuspidatum" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B73608A7E8CFEEFFC6D" box= "[161,328,965,982]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > Meniscium cuspidatum</emphasis>
Blume, Enum.Pl.Javae
</taxonomicName>
2:114.1828
</treatmentCitation>
].—
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B7362457E8CFC2AFC6C" authority= "Holttum" box= "[622,909,965,983]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pronephrium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "section" section= "Grypothrix" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7362457E8CFD6AFC6D" box= "[622,717,965,982]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > Pronephrium</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7362DD7E8CFCEEFC6D" box= "[758,841,965,982]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > Grypothrix</emphasis>
Holttum
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id= "C304656BFFD19B7360AA7EA2FDCBFC47" box= "[129,620,1003,1020]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" type= "reference_group" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFD19B7360AA7EA2FDCBFC47" blockId= "56.[129,620,1003,1020]" box= "[129,620,1003,1020]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" >
For complete synonymy, see
<bibRefCitation id= "EF8F4B11FFD19B7361737EA2FE69FC47" author= "Holttum" box= "[344,462,1003,1020]" firstAuthor= "Holttum" journalOrPublisher= "Flora Malesiana" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" pagination= "334 - 560" part= "1" refId= "ref109955" refString= "HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title= "Thelypteridaceae" type= "journal article" year= "1982" > Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id= "EF8F4B11FFD19B7361DA7EA2FDCFFC47" author= "Lin" box= "[497,616,1003,1020]" etAl= "et al." firstAuthor= "Lin" journalOrPublisher= "Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" pagination= "319 - 396" refId= "ref111240" refString= "LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title= "Thelypteridaceae" type= "book chapter" volumeTitle= "Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year= "2013" > Lin et al.(2013)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id= "C304656BFFD19B73604A7958FF07FBFC" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" type= "etymology" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFD19B73604A7958FF07FBFC" blockId= "56.[97,1226,1041,1799]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B73604A7958FF65FB9D" box= "[97,194,1041,1062]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > Etymology</emphasis>
.—Gr.
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B73612F795BFEE1FB9C" box= "[260,326,1042,1063]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > grupon</emphasis>
, hooked +
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7361997958FE78FB9D" box= "[434,479,1041,1062]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > thrix</emphasis>
, hair, in reference to the hooked (hamate) hairs, which are diagnostic for the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id= "C304656BFFD19B7360A4791BFC86F93C" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" type= "description" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFD19B7360A4791BFC86F93C" blockId= "56.[97,1226,1041,1799]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" >
Plants terrestrial, small to medium-sized (10– – –
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B736108793BFE25FB3C" bold= "true" box= "[291,386,1138,1159]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > rhizomes</emphasis>
short- to long-creeping;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B73625F793BFD10FB3C" bold= "true" box= "[628,695,1138,1159]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > fronds</emphasis>
monomorphic, weakly or strongly dimorphic (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B736498793BFF0FFB1D" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "simplex" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B736498793BFF0FFB1D" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > G. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
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<figureCitation id= "13252A65FFD19B73609F79DBFF5BFB1C" box= "[180,252,1170,1191]" captionStart= "FIG" captionStartId= "23.[121,129,1754,1774]" captionTargetBox= "[137,1235,163,1707]" captionTargetId= "figure-8@23.[132,1243,157,1710]" captionTargetPageId= "23" captionText= "FIG. 3.Grypothrix cuspidata,Lu 12803 (VT),A.habit.B. pinna,abaxial view.C. G.simplex, Lu 9270 (VT),habit." figureDoi= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111050" httpUri= "https://zenodo.org/record/14111050/files/figure.png" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" >
2024-11-11 18:44:59 +01:00
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B73609F79DBFF5BFB1C" bold= "true" box= "[180,252,1170,1191]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > Fig. 3C</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
), pinnate, trifoliolate or simple, erect or arching;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7362C879DBFCB8FB1C" bold= "true" box= "[739,799,1170,1191]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > stipes</emphasis>
stramineous, dull brown or reddish, scales linear-lanceolate, brown, castaneous or black, often with hamate hairs on surfaces and margins;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B73642C79F8FBEEFB7D" bold= "true" box= "[1031,1097,1201,1222]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > blades</emphasis>
chartaceous, sometimes drying reddish, with conform apex (or expanded apex with smaller lateral lobes), proximal pinnae not reduced, proliferous buds rarely present at pinna bases (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B73628179BBFCB9FABD" box= "[682,798,1265,1287]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "cuspidata" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B73628179BBFCB9FABD" box= "[682,798,1265,1287]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > G. cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B73630179BBFC2EFABC" box= "[810,905,1266,1287]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "ramosii" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B73630179BBFC2EFABC" box= "[810,905,1266,1287]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > G. ramosii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7363B679BBFC44FABC" bold= "true" box= "[925,995,1266,1287]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > pinnae</emphasis>
margins usually entire, sometimes crenate, rarely shallowly lobed (
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B7361D3785BFDFCFA9D" box= "[504,603,1297,1319]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pronephrium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "insularis" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7361D3785BFDFCFA9D" box= "[504,603,1297,1319]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > P. insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), bases cuneate, or sometimes cordate, sessile or short-petiolulate, pinnae generally broad (>
<quantity id= "4CE69B05FFD19B736171787BFE21FAFC" box= "[346,390,1330,1351]" metricMagnitude= "-2" metricUnit= "m" metricValue= "3.0" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" unit= "cm" value= "3.0" > 3cm</quantity>
), but quite narrow (<
<quantity id= "4CE69B05FFD19B73627F787BFD23FAFC" box= "[596,644,1330,1351]" metricMagnitude= "-2" metricUnit= "m" metricValue= "1.0" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" unit= "cm" value= "1.0" > 1 cm</quantity>
) in
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B736282787BFCBDFAFD" box= "[681,794,1329,1351]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "salicifolia" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B736282787BFCBDFAFD" box= "[681,794,1329,1351]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > G. salicifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B73630D787BFCFCFAFC" bold= "true" box= "[806,859,1330,1351]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > veins</emphasis>
usually prominent both adaxially and abaxially, reaching margins, several pairs regularly anastomosing to form a series of areoles, each with an included veinlet, or less commonly, a continuous excurrent vein;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7362BB7838FCA3FA3D" bold= "true" box= "[656,772,1393,1414]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > aerophores</emphasis>
sometimes present in the form of a darkened swelling at pinna bases;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B73617978DBFDBAFA1C" bold= "true" box= "[338,541,1426,1447]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > indument abaxially</emphasis>
of characteristic hyaline, hamate (hook-shaped) hairs, on costae and veins, present or absent between veins;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7361CE78FBFD08FA7C" bold= "true" box= "[485,687,1458,1479]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > indument adaxially</emphasis>
of hamate hairs on costae and veins, present or absent between veins;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7360DE7898FEEBFA5D" bold= "true" box= "[245,332,1489,1510]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > pustules</emphasis>
sometimes present on laminar tissue;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7362E9789BFD4DFA5C" bold= "true" box= "[706,746,1490,1511]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > sori</emphasis>
exindusiate, elongate and coalescent along crossveins, sometimes very dense, appearing acrostichoid (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B73628078BBFCA8F9BD" box= "[683,783,1521,1543]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "simplex" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B73628078BBFCA8F9BD" box= "[683,783,1521,1543]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > G. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), or, medial, round and discrete;
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B73644B78BBFB6FF9BC" bold= "true" box= "[1120,1224,1522,1543]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > sporangia</emphasis>
glabrous or with hamate setulae or glands; spores brown or black, with fimbriate crests (
<bibRefCitation id= "EF8F4B11FFD19B7363857B5BFBF5F99C" author= "Patel" box= "[942,1106,1554,1575]" etAl= "et al." firstAuthor= "Patel" journalOrPublisher= "Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" pagination= "1016 - 1035" part= "180" refId= "ref112729" refString= "PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title= "Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type= "journal article" year= "2019" yearSuffix= "a" > Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
);
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B73644A7B5BFBCBF99C" box= "[1121,1132,1554,1575]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > x</emphasis>
= 36, five species counted, with diploids, triploids, and tetraploids known.
<bibRefCitation id= "EF8F4B11FFD19B7362F47B7BFCDFF9FC" author= "Holttum" box= "[735,888,1586,1607]" firstAuthor= "Holttum" journalOrPublisher= "Flora Malesiana" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" pagination= "334 - 560" part= "1" refId= "ref109955" refString= "HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title= "Thelypteridaceae" type= "journal article" year= "1982" > Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation>
believed
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B7363FE7B78FB9FF9FD" box= "[981,1080,1585,1606]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "parishii" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7363FE7B78FB9FF9FD" box= "[981,1080,1585,1606]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > G. parishii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be a hybrid based on its variable morphology and suggested that
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B7362737B18FD66F9DD" box= "[600,705,1617,1638]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothix" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "triphylla" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7362737B18FD66F9DD" box= "[600,705,1617,1638]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > G. triphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was one parent. Triploid counts (
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7363D47B1BFBBCF9DC" box= "[1023,1051,1618,1639]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > n =</emphasis>
108) in
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B7364437B18FB6EF9DD" box= "[1128,1225,1617,1638]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "simplex" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7364437B18FB6EF9DD" box= "[1128,1225,1617,1638]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > G. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggest it may be a hybrid (
<bibRefCitation id= "EF8F4B11FFD19B73614A7B3BFE47F93C" author= "Nakato" box= "[353,480,1650,1671]" firstAuthor= "Nakato" journalOrPublisher= "J. Jap. Bot." pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" pagination= "261 - 267" part= "62" refId= "ref112276" refString= "NAKATO, N. 1987. Notes on chromosomes of Japanese pteridophytes (1). J. Jap. Bot. 62: 261 - 267." title= "Notes on chromosomes of Japanese pteridophytes (1)" type= "journal article" year= "1987" > Nakato 1987</bibRefCitation>
). See
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B73623F7B3BFDEFF93C" box= "[532,584,1650,1671]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > Notes</emphasis>
for further discussion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id= "C304656BFFD19B7260BA7BDBFD83FEEC" lastPageId= "57" lastPageNumber= "47" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" type= "diagnosis" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFD19B7260BA7BDBFD83FEEC" blockId= "56.[97,1226,1041,1799]" lastBlockId= "57.[121,1251,161,1271]" lastPageId= "57" lastPageNumber= "47" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7360BA7BDBFF4CF91C" box= "[145,235,1682,1703]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > Diagnosis</emphasis>
.—The most consistent character for distinguishing
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B7362F47BD8FCEFF91D" box= "[735,840,1681,1702]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7362F47BD8FCEFF91D" box= "[735,840,1681,1702]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > Grypothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other segregates of
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B7364117BD8FB14F91D" authorityName= "sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear= "1982" box= "[1082,1203,1681,1702]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pronephrium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7364117BD8FB14F91D" box= "[1082,1203,1681,1702]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > Pronephrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the presence of hamate hairs somewhere on the body of the plant—scales, leaves, veins, or sporangia. Sometimes, however, these may be sparse, and difficult to observe (e.g., in
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B7362987B98FCE8F95D" box= "[691,847,1745,1766]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "sulawesiensis" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7362987B98FCE8F95D" box= "[691,847,1745,1766]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > G. sulawesiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Sori of all species of
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B73641C7B98FB04F95D" box= "[1079,1187,1745,1766]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B73641C7B98FB04F95D" box= "[1079,1187,1745,1766]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" > Grypothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are exindusiate, whereas indusia are sometimes present in species of
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7362F07BBBFC52F8BC" box= "[731,1013,1777,1799]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B7362F07BBBFCF5F8BC" box= "[731,850,1778,1799]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" > Menisciopsis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B7363707BB8FC73F8BD" authorityName= "sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear= "1982" box= "[859,980,1777,1798]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pronephrium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" sensu= "stricto" > Pronephrium</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id= "A2595789FFD19B7363F27BBBFC52F8BC" box= "[985,1013,1778,1799]" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" sensu= "stricto" > s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD19B7364017BB8FB38F8BD" box= "[1066,1183,1777,1798]" italics= "true" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD19B7364017BB8FB3DF8BD" box= "[1066,1178,1777,1798]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "56" pageNumber= "46" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" > Abacopteris</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The sori of most continental Asian species of
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B72622F7DE8FDCAFF0D" box= "[516,621,161,182]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B72622F7DE8FDCAFF0D" box= "[516,621,161,182]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Grypothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are elongate and coalescent along cross-veins, which is less common among other
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B72611B7D88FE0CFF6D" authorityName= "sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear= "1982" box= "[304,427,193,214]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pronephrium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B72611B7D88FE0CFF6D" box= "[304,427,193,214]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Pronephrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
segregates (but see
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7262587D8BFCD9FF6D" box= "[627,894,193,215]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "lakhimpurensis" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7262587D8BFCD9FF6D" box= "[627,894,193,215]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Menisciopsis lakhimpurensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); members of the Malesian clade of
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7260527DA8FF45FF4D" box= "[121,226,225,246]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7260527DA8FF45FF4D" box= "[121,226,225,246]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Grypothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
more frequently have round, discrete sori.
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B72625F7DA8FD4AFF4D" authorityName= "sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear= "1982" box= "[628,749,225,246]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pronephrium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" sensu= "stricto" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B72625F7DA8FD4AFF4D" box= "[628,749,225,246]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Pronephrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id= "A2595789FFD09B7262DB7DABFCABFF4C" box= "[752,780,226,247]" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" sensu= "stricto" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7262DB7DABFCA1FF4C" box= "[752,774,226,247]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is generally highly dimorphic (
2024-11-12 22:07:20 +01:00
<figureCitation id= "13252A65FFD09B7264197DABFBD0FF4C" box= "[1074,1143,226,247]" captionStart= "FIG" captionStartId= "27.[121,129,1750,1770]" captionTargetBox= "[124,1252,168,1700]" captionTargetId= "figure-8@27.[119,1252,168,1705]" captionTargetPageId= "27" captionText= "FIG.7.A.Pneumatopteris parksii,Fawcett 645 (UC),pinna lobes,adaxial view.B.Reholttumia magnifica,Fawcett 676 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view.C.Pelazoneuron patens,Fawcett 744 (VT), abaxial pinna-lobes.D. P.serra,Fawcett 1034 (VT), adaxial pinna lobes.E. Pakau pennigera, Given 11842 (VT),pinna lobes,abaxial view. F.Pakau pennigera, Stuart s.n.(VT),pinna." figureDoi= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111097" httpUri= "https://zenodo.org/record/14111097/files/figure.png" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" >
2024-11-11 18:44:59 +01:00
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7264197DABFBD0FF4C" bold= "true" box= "[1074,1143,226,247]" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Fig.7C</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
), and often bears spherical yellow glands on its sporangia or elsewhere, whereas most species of
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7263807C48FBB3FEAD" box= "[939,1044,257,278]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7263807C48FBB3FEAD" box= "[939,1044,257,278]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Grypothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are monomorphic or weakly dimorphic (with the exception of
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7262247C6BFDD6FE8D" box= "[527,625,289,311]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "simplex" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7262247C6BFDD6FE8D" box= "[527,625,289,311]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > G. simplex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which differs from nearly all
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7263B07C68FBB3FE8D" authorityName= "sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear= "1982" box= "[923,1044,289,310]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pronephrium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" sensu= "stricto" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7263B07C68FBB3FE8D" box= "[923,1044,289,310]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Pronephrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id= "A2595789FFD09B7264307C6BFB90FE8C" box= "[1051,1079,290,311]" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" sensu= "stricto" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7264307C6BFB96FE8C" box= "[1051,1073,290,311]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
in having simple blades,
2024-11-12 22:07:20 +01:00
<figureCitation id= "13252A65FFD09B7260EB7C0BFEA2FEEC" box= "[192,261,322,343]" captionStart= "FIG" captionStartId= "23.[121,129,1754,1774]" captionTargetBox= "[137,1235,163,1707]" captionTargetId= "figure-8@23.[132,1243,157,1710]" captionTargetPageId= "23" captionText= "FIG. 3.Grypothrix cuspidata,Lu 12803 (VT),A.habit.B. pinna,abaxial view.C. G.simplex, Lu 9270 (VT),habit." figureDoi= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111050" httpUri= "https://zenodo.org/record/14111050/files/figure.png" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" >
2024-11-11 18:44:59 +01:00
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7260EB7C0BFEA2FEEC" bold= "true" box= "[192,261,322,343]" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Fig. 3C</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
) and do not bear such glands.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id= "C304656BFFD09B7260827C28FBC4FE4C" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" type= "biology_ecology" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFD09B7260827C28FBC4FE4C" blockId= "57.[121,1251,161,1271]" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7260827C28FE13FECD" box= "[169,436,353,374]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Biogeography and ecology.—</emphasis>
The 12 species of
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7262497C28FD6CFECD" box= "[610,715,353,374]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7262497C28FD6CFECD" box= "[610,715,353,374]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Grypothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are Malesian, Melanesian, Australasian, and southeast Asian in distribution, with species extending into
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFD09B72624B7CCBFD32FE2C" box= "[608,661,386,407]" name= "India" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFD09B7262B47CCBFD58FE2C" box= "[671,767,386,407]" name= "Sri Lanka" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFD09B7263227CCBFCCFFE2C" box= "[777,872,386,407]" name= "Myanmar" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Myanmar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFD09B72635A7CCBFC6CFE2C" box= "[881,971,386,407]" name= "Thailand" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFD09B7263FE7CCBFB8DFE2C" box= "[981,1066,386,407]" name= "Vietnam" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFD09B7264187CCBFBD6FE2C" box= "[1075,1137,386,407]" name= "China" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFD09B7264507CCBFB14FE2C" box= "[1147,1203,386,407]" name= "Japan" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Japan</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFD09B7260527CEBFF12FE0C" box= "[121,181,418,439]" name= "South Korea" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Korea</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7260907CE8FED1FE0D" authorityName= "S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName= "Holttum" baseAuthorityYear= "1972" box= "[187,374,417,438]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "triphylla" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7260907CE8FED1FE0D" box= "[187,374,417,438]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Grypothrix triphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is especially widespread, extending from subtropical
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFD09B72635B7CEBFC62FE0C" box= "[880,965,418,439]" name= "China" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > east Asia</collectingCountry>
, throughout
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFD09B7264157CEBFB2DFE0C" box= "[1086,1162,418,439]" name= "Malaysia" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Malesia</collectingCountry>
, and into northern Queensland and
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFD09B7261517C8BFE3DFE6C" box= "[378,410,450,471]" name= "Fiji" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Fiji</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id= "EF8F4B11FFD09B72618D7C8BFD9BFE6C" author= "Holttum" box= "[422,572,450,471]" firstAuthor= "Holttum" journalOrPublisher= "Allertonia" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" pagination= "169 - 234" part= "1" refId= "ref109882" refString= "HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title= "The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type= "journal article" year= "1977" yearSuffix= "b" > Holttum 1977b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id= "EF8F4B11FFD09B72626D7C8BFDDFFE6C" author= "Holttum" box= "[582,632,450,471]" firstAuthor= "Holttum" journalOrPublisher= "Flora Malesiana" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" pagination= "334 - 560" part= "1" refId= "ref109955" refString= "HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title= "Thelypteridaceae" type= "journal article" year= "1982" > 1982</bibRefCitation>
).
<collectionCode id= "ED0FAE25FFD09B7262AC7C8BFD30FE6C" box= "[647,663,450,471]" country= "USA" lsid= "urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name= "Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" type= "Herbarium" > A</collectionCode>
few species are restricted to continental Asia, and others are endemic to
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFD09B7260CC7CABFE89FE4C" box= "[231,302,482,503]" name= "Taiwan" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7261117CABFE7CFE4D" box= "[314,475,481,503]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7261117CABFE73FE4D" box= "[314,468,481,503]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "longipetiolata" > G. longipetiolata</taxonomicName>
)
</emphasis>
or to
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFD09B7262247CABFDF1FE4C" box= "[527,598,482,503]" name= "Taiwan" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Taiwan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFD09B7262A87CABFD1EFE4C" box= "[643,697,482,503]" name= "Japan" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7262ED7CABFC8EFE4D" box= "[710,809,481,503]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pronephrium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "insularis" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7262ED7CABFC8EFE4D" box= "[710,809,481,503]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > P. insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id= "EF8F4B11FFD09B7263167CABFC6FFE4C" author= "Iwatsuki" box= "[829,968,482,503]" firstAuthor= "Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher= "Acta Phytotax. Geobot." pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" pagination= "1 - 13" part= "18" refId= "ref110256" refString= "IWATSUKI, K. 1959. Taxonomic studies of Pteridophyta III. 3. A revision of the species of Abacopteris in the Ryukyus and Taiwan. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 18 (1): 1 - 13." title= "Taxonomic studies of Pteridophyta III. 3. A revision of the species of Abacopteris in the Ryukyus and Taiwan" type= "journal article" year= "1959" > Iwatsuki 1959</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id= "EF8F4B11FFD09B7263FB7CABFBFFFE4C" author= "Lin" box= "[976,1112,482,503]" etAl= "et al." firstAuthor= "Lin" journalOrPublisher= "Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" pagination= "319 - 396" refId= "ref111240" refString= "LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title= "Thelypteridaceae" type= "book chapter" volumeTitle= "Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year= "2013" > Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id= "C304656BFFD09B7260827F4BFDA0FB4C" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" type= "discussion" >
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFD09B7260827F4BFD3EFD6C" blockId= "57.[121,1251,161,1271]" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7260827F4BFE48FDAD" box= "[169,495,513,535]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis>
.—
<bibRefCitation id= "EF8F4B11FFD09B7262207F4BFD05FDAC" author= "Holttum" box= "[523,674,514,535]" firstAuthor= "Holttum" journalOrPublisher= "Flora Malesiana" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" pagination= "334 - 560" part= "1" refId= "ref109955" refString= "HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title= "Thelypteridaceae" type= "journal article" year= "1982" > Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation>
treated
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7262C57F48FCF0FDAD" box= "[750,855,513,534]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7262C57F48FCF0FDAD" box= "[750,855,513,534]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Grypothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a section of
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7263CF7F48FBFBFDAD" authorityName= "sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear= "1982" box= "[996,1116,513,534]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pronephrium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7263CF7F48FBFBFDAD" box= "[996,1116,513,534]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Pronephrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; all species in this section (here elevated to genus) have hamate hairs on the scales, laminae, veins, and/or sporangia. No earlier workers had recognized the taxonomic utility of these unusual hairs. This is the only Holttum segregate of
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B72646C7F08FB67FDED" authorityName= "sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear= "1982" box= "[1095,1216,577,598]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pronephrium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B72646C7F08FB67FDED" box= "[1095,1216,577,598]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Pronephrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(or any of his infrageneric taxa) that we elevate in rank with identical circumscription. It can be distinguished from closely related genera on the basis of a single synapomorphy—the presence of hamate (hooked) hairs somewhere on the plant. Similar hairs also occur in distantly related taxa within
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7262A27FEBFC97FD0C" baseAuthorityName= "Holttum" baseAuthorityYear= "1976" box= "[649,816,674,695]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "family" > Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
, e.g., in sect.
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7263817FE8FBA5FD0D" box= "[938,1026,673,694]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Uncinella</emphasis>
of the mostly neotropical genus
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7260FD7F88FE6CFD6C" authority= "(Smith 1974)" baseAuthorityName= "Smith" baseAuthorityYear= "1974" box= "[214,459,705,727]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Amauropelta" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7260FD7F88FEEAFD6D" box= "[214,333,705,726]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Amauropelta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id= "EF8F4B11FFD09B72617C7F8BFE62FD6C" author= "Smith" box= "[343,453,706,727]" firstAuthor= "Smith" journalOrPublisher= "Amer. Fern J." pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" pagination= "83 - 95" part= "64" refId= "ref114197" refString= "SMITH, A. R. 1974. A revised classification of Thelypteris subgenus Amauropelta. Amer. Fern J. 64: 83 - 95." title= "A revised classification of Thelypteris subgenus Amauropelta" type= "journal article" year= "1974" > Smith 1974</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and in
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B72623E7F88FD34FD6D" box= "[533,659,705,726]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Cyclogramma" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B72623E7F88FD34FD6D" box= "[533,659,705,726]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Cyclogramma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFD09B7260827FA8FBD8FCCC" blockId= "57.[121,1251,161,1271]" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7260827FA8FEB5FD4D" box= "[169,274,737,758]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7260827FA8FEB5FD4D" box= "[169,274,737,758]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Grypothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprises two monophyletic subclades with different distributions: the species of one subclade are predominantly continental Asian, and the species of the other are Malesian.
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7263777E48FC62FCAD" box= "[860,965,769,790]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7263777E48FC62FCAD" box= "[860,965,769,790]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Grypothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a member of the chingioid clade which includes the monophyletic genera
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B72621F7E68FDDAFC8D" box= "[564,637,801,822]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Chingia" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B72621F7E68FDDAFC8D" box= "[564,637,801,822]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Chingia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7262A37E6BFD5BFC8C" box= "[648,764,802,823]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7262A37E6BFD5BFC8C" box= "[648,764,802,823]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Menisciopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(also segregated from
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7263FB7E68FBEEFC8D" authorityName= "sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear= "1982" box= "[976,1097,801,822]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pronephrium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" sensu= "lato" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7263FB7E68FBEEFC8D" box= "[976,1097,801,822]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Pronephrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id= "A2595789FFD09B7264657E68FBC2FC8C" box= "[1102,1125,801,823]" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" sensu= "lato" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7264657E68FBC6FC8D" box= "[1102,1121,801,822]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > s.l</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
),
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B72645C7E6BFB7DFC8C" box= "[1143,1242,802,823]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Mesopteris" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B72645C7E6BFB7DFC8C" box= "[1143,1242,802,823]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Mesopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B72608A7E08FEB1FCED" box= "[161,278,833,854]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Plesioneuron" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B72608A7E08FEB1FCED" box= "[161,278,833,854]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Plesioneuron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B72610B7E08FE2EFCED" box= "[288,393,833,854]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B72610B7E08FE2EFCED" box= "[288,393,833,854]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Grypothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B72619E7E0BFD8EFCEC" box= "[437,553,834,855]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B72619E7E0BFD8EFCEC" box= "[437,553,834,855]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Menisciopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, like the closely related
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7263227E0BFCCBFCEC" box= "[777,876,834,855]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Mesopteris" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7263227E0BFCCBFCEC" box= "[777,876,834,855]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Mesopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, share a tendency to turn red when dry, as suggested by some of their specific epithets:
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B72621F7E28FC66FCCD" box= "[564,961,865,887]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B72621F7E28FCA4FCCD" box= "[564,771,865,886]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "rubicunda" > Grypothrix rubicunda</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7263217E2BFC66FCCD" box= "[778,961,865,887]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "rubida" > Menisciopsis rubida</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7263DF7E2BFBDEFCCD" box= "[1012,1145,865,887]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "rubrinervis" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7263DF7E2BFBDEFCCD" box= "[1012,1145,865,887]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > M. rubrinervis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BA136E0FFD09B7260827ECBFDA0FB4C" blockId= "57.[121,1251,161,1271]" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7260827ECBFF7BFC2C" box= "[169,220,898,919]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Notes</emphasis>
.—
<collectionCode id= "ED0FAE25FFD09B7260D37ECBFEAEFC2C" box= "[248,265,898,919]" country= "USA" lsid= "urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name= "Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" type= "Herbarium" > A</collectionCode>
hybrid between
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B72618D7EC8FDA9FC2D" authorityName= "S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName= "Holttum" baseAuthorityYear= "1972" box= "[422,526,897,918]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "triphylla" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B72618D7EC8FDA9FC2D" box= "[422,526,897,918]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > G. triphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7262107EC8FD09FC2D" box= "[571,686,897,918]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "cuspidata" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7262107EC8FD09FC2D" box= "[571,686,897,918]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > G. cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reported from
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFD09B7263B87ECBFC7DFC2C" box= "[915,986,898,919]" name= "Taiwan" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id= "EF8F4B11FFD09B7263CF7ECBFBFDFC2C" author= "Knapp" box= "[996,1114,898,919]" firstAuthor= "Knapp" journalOrPublisher= "KBCC Press & Yuan-Liou Publishing, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" refId= "ref110768" refString= "KNAPP, R. 2011 Ferns and fern allies of Taiwan. KBCC Press & Yuan-Liou Publishing, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C." title= "Ferns and fern allies of Taiwan" type= "book" year= "2011" > Knapp 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7264437EC8FF70FC0D" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7264437EC8FF73FC0D" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pronephrium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "thwaitesii" > Pronephrium thwaitesii</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
an unusual taxon from
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFD09B7261957EEBFE56FC0C" box= "[446,497,930,951]" name= "India" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > India</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFD09B7262347EEBFDDBFC0C" box= "[543,636,930,951]" name= "Sri Lanka" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
treated in
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7262CF7EE8FC5CFC0D" box= "[740,1019,929,951]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pronephrium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "section" section= "Grypothrix" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7262CF7EE8FCFAFC0D" box= "[740,861,929,950]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Pronephrium</emphasis>
sect.
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7263B97EE8FC5CFC0D" box= "[914,1019,929,950]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Grypothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id= "EF8F4B11FFD09B7264367EEBFB13FC0C" author= "Holttum" box= "[1053,1204,930,951]" firstAuthor= "Holttum" journalOrPublisher= "Blumea" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" pagination= "105 - 126" part= "20" refId= "ref109495" refString= "HOLTTUM, R. E. 1972. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl. Blumea 20: 105 - 126." title= "Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl" type= "journal article" year= "1972" > Holttum (1972)</bibRefCitation>
, had not been collected for more than a century, and had been presumed extinct. Holttum suggested it might be a hybrid involving
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7260F37EA8FE7CFC4C" authority= "(Holttum 1972)" baseAuthorityName= "Holttum" baseAuthorityYear= "1972" box= "[216,475,993,1015]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "triphylla" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7260F37EA8FEE7FC4D" box= "[216,320,993,1014]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > G.triphylla</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id= "EF8F4B11FFD09B7261607EABFE73FC4C" author= "Holttum" box= "[331,468,994,1015]" firstAuthor= "Holttum" journalOrPublisher= "Blumea" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" pagination= "105 - 126" part= "20" refId= "ref109495" refString= "HOLTTUM, R. E. 1972. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl. Blumea 20: 105 - 126." title= "Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae IV. The genus Pronephrium Presl" type= "journal article" year= "1972" > Holttum 1972</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.The plant was relocated by Nayar and Geeverghese (1987), who conducted a careful examination of its morphology, including spore development, and agreed that it was a hybrid involving
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B72645A7948FB7DFBAD" baseAuthorityName= "Holttum" baseAuthorityYear= "1972" box= "[1137,1242,1025,1046]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "triphylla" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B72645A7948FB7DFBAD" box= "[1137,1242,1025,1046]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > G. triphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; they then suggested
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B72616F7968FDA3FB8C" box= "[324,516,1057,1079]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Christella" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "parasitica" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B72616F7968FDA3FB8C" box= "[324,516,1057,1079]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Christella parasitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the second parent.
<collectionCode id= "ED0FAE25FFD09B7262F5796BFD49FB8C" box= "[734,750,1058,1079]" country= "USA" lsid= "urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name= "Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" type= "Herbarium" > A</collectionCode>
hybrid described from
<collectingCountry id= "F3097670FFD09B7263F3796BFB85FB8C" box= "[984,1058,1058,1079]" name= "Taiwan" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, recently treated as
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7260527908FEEAFBED" box= "[121,333,1089,1110]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7260527908FF53FBED" authorityName= "sensu Holttum. These" authorityYear= "1982" box= "[121,244,1089,1110]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pronephrium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" > Pronephrium</taxonomicName>
insulare,
</emphasis>
is also triploid (
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7261DA790BFE5AFBEC" box= "[497,509,1090,1111]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > n</emphasis>
= 108), and postulated to represent a cross between
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7264207908FB12FBED" box= "[1035,1205,1089,1110]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Christella" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "dentata" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7264207908FB12FBED" box= "[1035,1205,1089,1110]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Christella dentata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7260527928FEF0FBCD" box= "[121,343,1121,1142]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Pronephrium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "species" species= "triphyllum" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7260527928FEF0FBCD" box= "[121,343,1121,1142]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Pronephrium triphyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(considered by us to belong to
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7262517928FD46FBCD" box= "[634,737,1121,1142]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7262517928FD46FBCD" box= "[634,737,1121,1142]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Grypothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); it was given a name as a nothogenus, ×
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7264767928FF64FB2D" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7264767928FB46FBCD" box= "[1117,1249,1121,1142]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Chrinephrium" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" > Chrinephrium</taxonomicName>
insulare
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id= "ED0FAE25FFD09B7260E579CBFF45FB2C" box= "[206,226,1154,1175]" country= "United Kingdom" lsid= "urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name= "Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" type= "Herbarium" > K</collectionCode>
. Iwats.) Nakaike (
<bibRefCitation id= "EF8F4B11FFD09B7261A379CBFDB0FB2C" author= "Kuo" box= "[392,535,1154,1175]" etAl= "et al." firstAuthor= "Kuo" journalOrPublisher= "Cladistics doi. org" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" refId= "ref110871" refString= "KUO, L. Y., Y. H. CHANG, Y. H. HUANG, W. TESTO, A. EBIHARA, G. ROUHAN, L. G. QUINTANILLA, J. E. WATKINS, Y. M. HUANG, & F. W. LI. 2019. A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture. Cladistics doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12399" title= "A global phylogeny of Stegnogramma ferns (Thelypteridaceae): generic and sectional revision, historical biogeography and evolution of leaf architecture" type= "book" year= "2019" > Kuo et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). As noted by
<bibRefCitation id= "EF8F4B11FFD09B7262BD79CBFC8AFB2C" author= "Iwatsuki" box= "[662,813,1154,1175]" firstAuthor= "Iwatsuki" journalOrPublisher= "Acta Phytotax. Geobot." pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" pagination= "1 - 13" part= "18" refId= "ref110256" refString= "IWATSUKI, K. 1959. Taxonomic studies of Pteridophyta III. 3. A revision of the species of Abacopteris in the Ryukyus and Taiwan. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 18 (1): 1 - 13." title= "Taxonomic studies of Pteridophyta III. 3. A revision of the species of Abacopteris in the Ryukyus and Taiwan" type= "journal article" year= "1959" > Iwatsuki (1959)</bibRefCitation>
, in his taxonomic concept,
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B72640779C8FB3EFB2D" box= "[1068,1177,1153,1174]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Abacopteris" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B72640779C8FB3EFB2D" box= "[1068,1177,1153,1174]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Abacopteris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(which included several species of
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B72615D79E8FE7AFB0D" box= "[374,477,1185,1206]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B72615D79E8FE7AFB0D" box= "[374,477,1185,1206]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Grypothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is distinguished from
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B72629379E8FCBCFB0D" box= "[696,795,1185,1206]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Cyclosorus" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B72629379E8FCBCFB0D" box= "[696,795,1185,1206]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Cyclosorus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(including
<taxonomicName id= "4C1E4D63FFD09B7263AC79E8FC46FB0D" box= "[903,993,1185,1206]" class= "Polypodiopsida" family= "Thelypteridaceae" genus= "Christella" kingdom= "Plantae" order= "Polypodiales" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" phylum= "Tracheophyta" rank= "genus" sensu= "stricto" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7263AC79E8FC46FB0D" box= "[903,993,1185,1206]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > Christella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id= "A2595789FFD09B7263CE79EBFC59FB0C" box= "[997,1022,1186,1207]" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" sensu= "stricto" >
<emphasis id= "B96AEAF2FFD09B7263CE79EBFC5DFB0C" box= "[997,1018,1186,1207]" italics= "true" pageId= "57" pageNumber= "47" > s.s</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
) by lacking sinus membranes, although these are present in this purported hybrid. As putative examples of intergeneric hybridization, these hypotheses warrant further investigation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
