treatments-xml/data/7E/42/E9/7E42E9835438B14DC5AB1BFCECD51249.xml

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<mods:title id="318592B41BA1ECE9C17043701563AB3E">A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AD04FEA9B2607F083B9B7304253B6245">Jiang, Nan</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="6EAF564FBC5A80ADDD38B7B7DDC98DC3" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D9B799B90AB3C7356D24B712F69B1732" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="DB9F02BD7F0A470B513DA650906B464A" ID-CoL="LX4K" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Biston_melacron" authority="Wehrli, 1941" authorityName="Wehrli" authorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston melacron" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melacron">Biston melacron Wehrli, 1941</taxonomicName>
Figs 4-67097
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="88F39887C25C37555D7541547403EB3D" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="AB770FCE0EA868F1B57F9A09817E534D" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="3740EEE71A9DC05D37B1430B6E0E5616" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston melacron" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melacron">Biston melacron</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="982288F82EAAFC5129C7B4C5AEE13214" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Wehrli, 1941</bibRefCitation>
, in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 430, pl. 35: h. Syntypes 3♂, China: West Tien-Mu-shan, 1600 m. (ZFMK)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="16664138B6A1FD909404C92AFAFD3F64" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="2ED02D82CB4AEB076F9DCD3476CA476D" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston exotica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exotica">Biston exotica</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="48A8CA028529E4447D9131F91B546164" author="Inoue, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Faculty of Domestic Sciences, Otsuma Women's University" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="227 - 346" title="Catalogue of the Geometridae of Japan (Lepidoptera)." volume="13" year="1977">Inoue, 1977</bibRefCitation>
, Bull. Fac. domestic Sci., Otsuma 
<normalizedToken id="A7F0317F89D28432893077FB057C7770" originalValue="Woman‘s">Woman's</normalizedToken>
Univ., 13: 322, figs 65-67. Holotype ♂, Japan: Kochi Prefecture, Kubokawa. (BMNH) (Synonymized by 
<bibRefCitation id="2EA72AEBCD7A7F45CAFDEA50AE3E30A0" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Heppner and Inoue (1992)</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFE85954A25E8E9027DCC20FDF69A1C4" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0DC1C814033AECAD153F3BDC615483B8" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1B940DC2FA5749E8EFF7C28D112B997D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="5" pageNumber="50">
The external characters of this species are close to those of 
<taxonomicName id="359750BF789F396C5CB93B23838801D2" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston marginata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">Biston marginata</taxonomicName>
as follows: the male antennae are partially bipectinate and filiform at tip; the for 
<pageBreakToken id="F38C125AF8A8FAB43AAA44568AF111AB" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" start="start">ewing</pageBreakToken>
postmedial line bilobedly protrudes between M1 and M3, and slightly protrudes outwards between CuA2 and 1A + 2A. But it can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="BC6B46071DDEBC4EA16EB0B18CFEFE80" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston marginata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">Biston marginata</taxonomicName>
by the following characters: the hindwing outer margin is concave between M1 and 
<pageBreakToken id="A00CE1A4C4EB54EFAF9D084BBB40F56B" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" start="start">M</pageBreakToken>
3, whereas it is evenly round in 
<taxonomicName id="1BB253DC3A55AFE02EB61F0B84D07C1F" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston marginata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">Biston marginata</taxonomicName>
; the transverse lines are black but dark brown in 
<taxonomicName id="6E9B8D968C4869BC51810C86D59838B0" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston marginata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">Biston marginata</taxonomicName>
; the hindwing postmedial line is waved after M3, but straight in 
<taxonomicName id="637C8B7B2C985A8311E7126CF8537D30" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston marginata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">Biston marginata</taxonomicName>
; the transverse lines on the underside of the wings are more conspicuous. The most distinct differences are in the male genitalia: the apex of the uncus is broader and bifurcated, whereas it is narrower and round in 
<taxonomicName id="B3F08C9257FD0A03F33D3E8F303A3421" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston marginata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">Biston marginata</taxonomicName>
; the median process of the gnathos is broader and round terminally, while in 
<taxonomicName id="6AE162EBF7784B8C2E02D57A5F690AB7" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston marginata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">Biston marginata</taxonomicName>
, it is slenderer and acute apically; the setose area of the valva is much weaker; the juxta is narrower, and sharply pointed apically, while in 
<taxonomicName id="EADE8B60F0F17E098A15D29C4EF8F5F2" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston marginata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">Biston marginata</taxonomicName>
, it is broader and round apically; the cornutus is shortly digitiform, but is thornlike in 
<taxonomicName id="7D6AF9701C0C2D596C5A0B086DC46F8D" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston marginata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">Biston marginata</taxonomicName>
. In the female genitalia (
<bibRefCitation id="903DC4245031120CDCD6BFC71AF707BC" author="Inoue, H" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Faculty of Domestic Sciences, Otsuma Women's University" pageId="30" pageNumber="75" pagination="227 - 346" title="Catalogue of the Geometridae of Japan (Lepidoptera)." volume="13" year="1977">Inoue 1977</bibRefCitation>
), the signum is much longer than in 
<taxonomicName id="057A210F40C1AC6D8A3FACC6D13328C3" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Biston" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Biston marginata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginata">Biston marginata</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3BD65A5E1C88F7DD0FFFE14BC781295B" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" type="material examined">
<paragraph id="B3B9AD00255DF38B03A9EF06DCEA0AF4" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Material examineds.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="764B3BDFB4FCFD778EEA3CB9E3CA80C2" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">
CHINA, Chekiang [Zhejiang] (ZFMK): West Tien-Mu-shan, 1600 m, 27-29.IV.1932, coll. H. 
<normalizedToken id="EB9E15BB315FB12CB06E61A34EEBC434" originalValue="Höne">Hoene</normalizedToken>
, 3♂ (Syntypes); same data, 25.IV.1932, 1♂; same data, 25.V.1932, 1♂; same locality, 400 m, IV.1936, 1♂. Fukien [Fujian] (ZFMK):Kuatun, 2300 m, 3-7.IV.1938, 11.IV.1946, coll. J. Klapperich, 1♂. Formosa [Taiwan] (ZFMK): Puli, IV.1958, coll. ZSM, 1♂. Sichuan (IZCAS): Mt. Emei, Qingyinge, 800-1000 m, 17. 
<normalizedToken id="231C78D3ADF7F95118EBF13CFDB405C3" originalValue="IV–">IV-</normalizedToken>
1.V.1957, coll. Zhu Fuxing &amp; Huang Keren, 8♂.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A37E852C640C3CCF9AE1896CA1D01CA5" pageId="7" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CC0206C44861989DD1F9ED3919BCBEDC" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FC37FEA47F6BF7C8FD2BE4AEF3C5A59B" pageId="7" pageNumber="52">China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Sichuan), Japan, South Korea.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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