A review of Biston Leach, 1815 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, with description of one new species Author Jiang, Nan Author Xue, Dayong Author Han, Hongxiang text ZooKeys 2011 139 45 96 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.139.1308 1313-2970-139-45 Biston melacron Wehrli, 1941 Figs 4-67097 Biston melacron Wehrli, 1941 , in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde, 4 (Suppl.): 430, pl. 35: h. Syntypes 3♂, China: West Tien-Mu-shan, 1600 m. (ZFMK) Biston exotica Inoue, 1977 , Bull. Fac. domestic Sci., Otsuma Woman's Univ., 13: 322, figs 65-67. Holotype ♂, Japan: Kochi Prefecture, Kubokawa. (BMNH) (Synonymized by Heppner and Inoue (1992) ) Diagnosis. The external characters of this species are close to those of Biston marginata as follows: the male antennae are partially bipectinate and filiform at tip; the for ewing postmedial line bilobedly protrudes between M1 and M3, and slightly protrudes outwards between CuA2 and 1A + 2A. But it can be distinguished from Biston marginata by the following characters: the hindwing outer margin is concave between M1 and M 3, whereas it is evenly round in Biston marginata ; the transverse lines are black but dark brown in Biston marginata ; the hindwing postmedial line is waved after M3, but straight in Biston marginata ; the transverse lines on the underside of the wings are more conspicuous. The most distinct differences are in the male genitalia: the apex of the uncus is broader and bifurcated, whereas it is narrower and round in Biston marginata ; the median process of the gnathos is broader and round terminally, while in Biston marginata , it is slenderer and acute apically; the setose area of the valva is much weaker; the juxta is narrower, and sharply pointed apically, while in Biston marginata , it is broader and round apically; the cornutus is shortly digitiform, but is thornlike in Biston marginata . In the female genitalia ( Inoue 1977 ), the signum is much longer than in Biston marginata . Material examineds. CHINA, Chekiang [Zhejiang] (ZFMK): West Tien-Mu-shan, 1600 m, 27-29.IV.1932, coll. H. Hoene , 3♂ (Syntypes); same data, 25.IV.1932, 1♂; same data, 25.V.1932, 1♂; same locality, 400 m, IV.1936, 1♂. Fukien [Fujian] (ZFMK):Kuatun, 2300 m, 3-7.IV.1938, 11.IV.1946, coll. J. Klapperich, 1♂. Formosa [Taiwan] (ZFMK): Puli, IV.1958, coll. ZSM, 1♂. Sichuan (IZCAS): Mt. Emei, Qingyinge, 800-1000 m, 17. IV- 1.V.1957, coll. Zhu Fuxing & Huang Keren, 8♂. Distribution. China (Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Sichuan), Japan, South Korea.