treatments-xml/data/A0/98/34/A09834616E4CEC721BF086C0AEBC98C7.xml

<document id="BC9C80CACA0620AD9E11C1162AF12D99" ID-CLB-Dataset="33671" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.281.4171" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e93bf22f-c936-4333-bd55-9f649c6145e3" ID-PMC="PMC3677383" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-281-1" ID-PubMed="23794833" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-281-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 281" ModsDocTitle="An overview of the Mediterranean cave-dwelling horny sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae)" checkinTime="1451247523662" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Manconi, Renata, Cadeddu, Barbara, Ledda, Fabio &amp; Pronzato, Roberto" docDate="2013" docId="A09834616E4CEC721BF086C0AEBC98C7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 281: 1-68" docOrigin="ZooKeys 281" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.281.4171" docTitle="Dysidea fragilis Montagu 1818" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="C072CF22FF8D1B0DFFEDFC74FFD1FFD2" masterDocTitle="An overview of the Mediterranean cave-dwelling horny sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1732655660530" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="EBC82C2F8881568F5CCD4A2DF808E8BE">An overview of the Mediterranean cave-dwelling horny sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8E12AEF6DA96410DE1B2EFF0D7D43F5A">Manconi, Renata</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BAC7237286ED13B88AD312913E645BDD">Cadeddu, Barbara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="14A71CC70219D20101AEC4D560B2949C">Ledda, Fabio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F0F483E9A43C4F3B55B896095D3823E1">Pronzato, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="A09834616E4CEC721BF086C0AEBC98C7" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152042107" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A09834616E4CEC721BF086C0AEBC98C7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A09834616E4CEC721BF086C0AEBC98C7" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" scope_class="Demospongiae" scope_family="Ianthellidae" scope_order="Verongida" scope_phylum="Porifera">
<subSubSection id="3A89F3ED7F51FAB6AFFE282D5FEF5BD3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7BCE1B0AE890673B9F59AF82CA4EC277" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="D3DD809A33AED3C8AFE41EABFD0654BE" ID-CoL="6DRBH" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Dysidea_fragilis" authority="Montagu, 1818" authorityName="Montagu" authorityYear="1818" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dysidea fragilis" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fragilis">Dysidea fragilis (Montagu, 1818)</taxonomicName>
Fig. 9
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0DD7D14D95F049BFD77E3AA42ECA2E5C" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5D8164ACE75306D7A29E109001B3F1F4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="E0BFE1228DB01EED31AF738EDA168A70" class="Demospongiae" family="Spongiidae" genus="Spongia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongia fragilis" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fragilis">Spongia fragilis</taxonomicName>
Montagu, 1818: 114.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A8CCD97F74657D218F041011F2A4828B" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="91AA60349684B4C17BE4CE48D443C624" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="81C9E01FEAF128113B6C09B307090A68" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Growth form irregular, massive; usually less than 10 cm in diameter, sometimes up to 15-20 cm in diameter and 2-3 cm in height. Colour in vivo (generally also preserved specimens) light grey to white; several, slightly perceptible, tone 
<pageBreakToken id="2D67022BDB7DB52A23AD1C1038ADEAA4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">dominances</pageBreakToken>
are possible (light green to light brown). Consistency soft and fragile. Surface, shared by all species of the genus, as an irregular network of dense collagen fibres, sometimes with mineral debris. Inhalant apertures 80-120 
<normalizedToken id="23654C32A0BBC4D16C33611260C407E7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
in diameter. Oscules scattered (2-4 mm in diameter). Light collagen amount (fibrous reticulate) in the mesohyl. Flagellate chambers large. Skeleton reticulate, with irregular meshes (300-600 
<normalizedToken id="7AA2AD9A0AEB06E9615202BB1FFF02D3" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
), and extremely fragile because of scanty spongin and extreme abundance of mineral granulation. Primary and secondary fibres (40-200 
<normalizedToken id="12FE3C9C09D50A1575EA767F2DE46D13" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
) not distinguishable or hierarchically organized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B2A97CC5EBE995EDE9FCB89B1D69069B" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="A35FEA2675EA6005DF70D49D9052AF74" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="517F026E9F12520692981A56B821F043" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Cave, rocky/detritic/muddy/sandy bottom, coralligenous community, 
<taxonomicName id="735CD697EDBF5A968B6D23353576FF20" class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Posidonia oceanica" order="Alismatales" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oceanica">Posidonia oceanica</taxonomicName>
meadow, lagoon, artificial reefs, epibiotic on 
<taxonomicName id="7483E93821EC86B21665F66B9F8963CF" class="Bivalvia" family="Pinnidae" genus="Pinna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pinna nobilis" order="Ostreida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nobilis">Pinna nobilis</taxonomicName>
. Bathymetric range 1-200 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0858421E3703C40353CF88CAD4526102" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="mediterranean caves">
<paragraph id="D360D9B9B39D244700533AFCE1236D2F" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mediterranean caves.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4044F95EAC360ECFABB2931288BBC7F4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
La Catedral, Tunel LLarg, Petita de la Vaca caves (Balearic Sea); Galatea*, Falco*, Bisbe* caves (Sardinian Sea); 
<normalizedToken id="87B3B539A4F4070DB40EEDC8022DDBAC" originalValue="Béar">Bear</normalizedToken>
, Niolon caves (Gulf of Lions); western-Zoagli, Piccola Zoagli-Chiavari, Tunnel Zoagli-Chiavari, Eastern Bonassola caves (Ligurian Sea); Mago, Gaiola, Misteri, Tuffo Tuffo, Mitigliano caves (Central Tyrrhenian Sea); Infreschi Cave (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea); Taccio Vecchio 1 Cave-Lampedusa*, Tunnel of Cani Islands (Sicily Channel); Gamberi* Cave (Ionian Sea); Croatian caves (Northern Adriatic Sea); La Regina Cave (Southern Adriatic Sea); 
<normalizedToken id="E425A868F5F997290209AFCDABC460C7" originalValue="Farà">Fara</normalizedToken>
Cave (Aegean Sea) (
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; 
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<normalizedToken id="2BD4CD48499F0DBFCEE2F9CDB1221EAA" originalValue="Sarà">Sara</normalizedToken>
1961a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
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, 
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; 
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, 
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; 
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1966
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; 
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).
</paragraph>
<caption id="03AA90E257F86DC81C6347D1445A3742" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="F78BB0F7599FDC67D6514A6E527227BB" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Figure 9 
<taxonomicName id="7659A4D230C04477C9B1394FCEBF71D1" class="Demospongiae" family="Dysideidae" genus="Dysidea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dysidea fragilis" order="Dictyoceratida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fragilis">Dysidea fragilis</taxonomicName>
. a massive specimen (ca. 3 cm in diameter) with an apical osculum; b, c reticulate skeletal network and irregular meshes of primary and secondary fibres with scanty spongin (LM).
</paragraph>
</caption>
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</treatment>
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