<documentid="14CEBAFFF093690C2B24FFF8774D0A09"ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.385.2.2"ID-ISSN="1179-3163"ID-Zenodo-Dep="13725901"IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe"IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe"IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe"IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch"IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe"IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe"checkinTime="1725674933826"checkinUser="felipe"docAuthor="Richards, Joseph L., Gabrielson, Paul W. & Schneider, Craig W."docDate="2018"docId="A21674381147FFB621F5FADDFB2BD444"docLanguage="en"docName="phytotaxa.385.2.2.pdf"docOrigin="Phytotaxa 385 (2)"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.385.2.2"docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article"docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9"docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article"docStyleVersion="13"docTitle="Sporolithon mesophoticum J. Richards, P. W. Gabrielson & C. W. Schneider 2018, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="2"lastPageNumber="73"masterDocId="5E2F0C401141FFB0217DFFDFFF86DC60"masterDocTitle="Sporolithon mesophoticum sp. nov. (Sporolithales, Rhodophyta) from Plantagenet Bank off Bermuda at a depth of 178 m"masterLastPageNumber="76"masterPageNumber="67"pageNumber="73"updateTime="1725687323512"updateUser="ExternalLinkService"zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED"zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:titleid="42C45D1F623E04984B56D86A2D785978">Sporolithon mesophoticum sp. nov. (Sporolithales, Rhodophyta) from Plantagenet Bank off Bermuda at a depth of 178 m</mods:title>
<mods:namePartid="16C7C8197343DF1BAA37B5916EF0AAE4">Richards, Joseph L.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="C7C0C82AC375F049593F0BCFEC304F87">University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Biology Department, Lafayette, LA 70504 - 3602, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePartid="1C86C8DF0CDC94853F5B9A6B29110F09">Gabrielson, Paul W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="3F43500D21925A342166EF94FD75F01F">Biology Department and Herbarium, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Coker Hall CB 3280, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 - 3280, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="DB14A8831423F6DEB9E9240BFA8280A3">Department of Biology, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, 06106, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="EDBFBEAD1147FFB621F5FADDFC40D97D"authority="J.Richards, P.W.Gabrielson & C.W.Schneider"authorityName="J. Richards, P. W. Gabrielson & C. W. Schneider"authorityYear="2018"box="[136,966,1282,1309]"class="Florideophyceae"family="Sporolithaceae"genus="Sporolithon"kingdom="Plantae"order="Corallinales"pageId="6"pageNumber="73"phylum="Rhodophyta"rank="species"species="mesophoticum"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="B284D9AB1147FFB62549FADBFB4FD97D"box="[1076,1225,1284,1309]"captionStart-0="FIGURES 2–8"captionStart-1="FIGURES 9–12"captionStartId-0="5.[136,243,1841,1862]"captionStartId-1="6.[136,243,1109,1130]"captionTargetBox-0="[215,1372,198,1816]"captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,186,1086]"captionTargetId-0="figure-14@5.[215,1372,190,1816]"captionTargetId-1="figure-15@6.[151,1436,175,1086]"captionTargetPageId-0="5"captionTargetPageId-1="6"captionText-0="FIGURES 2–8. Sporolithon mesophoticum Holotype, NCU 658543. 2. Habit of holotype. Scale bar = 3 cm. 3. Fracture of rhodolith showing sedimentary composition of nodule below S. mesophoticum crust. Scale bar = 0.8 mm. 4. Partial surface and section view of thallus (brackets) over substratum consisting of sedimentary material including remains of invertebrate organisms (arrows). Scale bar = 138 μm. 5. Vertical fracture of thallus showing monomerous construction. Scale bar = 60 μm. 6. Cell fusion (arrow). Scale bar = 13.8 μm. 7. Section and partial surface view showing epithallial cell (arrow), meristematic cell (*), and layers of short, flattened perithallial cells (P). Scale bar = 9.2 μm. 8. Surface and section view of epithallial cell (bracket, arrow), and section views of putative meristematic cell (*) and perithallial cell (P). Scale bar = 6.3 μm."captionText-1="FIGURES 9–12. Sporolithon mesophoticum Holotype, NCU 658543. 9. Surface view of tetrasporangial sori (arrows). Scale bar = 0.1 cm. 10. Surface view of tetrasprangial sorus with pores (arrows). Scale bar = 258 μm. 11. Surface view of tetrasprangial sorus with pores (arrows) including portion where upper cell layers were removed (bracket) showing top-down view of tetrasporangial compartments (stars). Scale bar = 164 μm. 12. Surface view of a tetrasporangial pore (*) with rosette cells (circle pointers). Scale bar = 27 μm."figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13725905"figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13725907"httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13725905/files/figure.png"httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13725907/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="73">Figures 2–12</figureCitation>
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: Thallus non-geniculate, forming a nucleated rhodolith with a thin crust (120–150 μm) growing over a core of consolidated sedimentary material and fragments of invertebrate organisms, putatively identified as bryozoans (
<figureCitationid="B284D9AB1147FFB62073F99DFEFFDA3B"box="[270,377,1602,1627]"captionStart="FIGURES 2–8"captionStartId="5.[136,243,1841,1862]"captionTargetBox="[215,1372,198,1816]"captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[215,1372,190,1816]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Sporolithon mesophoticum Holotype, NCU 658543. 2. Habit of holotype. Scale bar = 3 cm. 3. Fracture of rhodolith showing sedimentary composition of nodule below S. mesophoticum crust. Scale bar = 0.8 mm. 4. Partial surface and section view of thallus (brackets) over substratum consisting of sedimentary material including remains of invertebrate organisms (arrows). Scale bar = 138 μm. 5. Vertical fracture of thallus showing monomerous construction. Scale bar = 60 μm. 6. Cell fusion (arrow). Scale bar = 13.8 μm. 7. Section and partial surface view showing epithallial cell (arrow), meristematic cell (*), and layers of short, flattened perithallial cells (P). Scale bar = 9.2 μm. 8. Surface and section view of epithallial cell (bracket, arrow), and section views of putative meristematic cell (*) and perithallial cell (P). Scale bar = 6.3 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13725905"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13725905/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="73">Figs 2–4</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="B284D9AB1147FFB6237EF9BAFDEADA1E"box="[515,620,1637,1662]"captionStart="FIGURES 2–8"captionStartId="5.[136,243,1841,1862]"captionTargetBox="[215,1372,198,1816]"captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[215,1372,190,1816]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Sporolithon mesophoticum Holotype, NCU 658543. 2. Habit of holotype. Scale bar = 3 cm. 3. Fracture of rhodolith showing sedimentary composition of nodule below S. mesophoticum crust. Scale bar = 0.8 mm. 4. Partial surface and section view of thallus (brackets) over substratum consisting of sedimentary material including remains of invertebrate organisms (arrows). Scale bar = 138 μm. 5. Vertical fracture of thallus showing monomerous construction. Scale bar = 60 μm. 6. Cell fusion (arrow). Scale bar = 13.8 μm. 7. Section and partial surface view showing epithallial cell (arrow), meristematic cell (*), and layers of short, flattened perithallial cells (P). Scale bar = 9.2 μm. 8. Surface and section view of epithallial cell (bracket, arrow), and section views of putative meristematic cell (*) and perithallial cell (P). Scale bar = 6.3 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13725905"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13725905/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="73">Figs 4–5</figureCitation>
). Hypothallial cells rectangular in shape, 14–19 μm long x 5–8 μm wide (n=4). In some locations two superimposed layers of thalli were observed, though extensive layering was not observed. Adjacent hypothallial and perithallial cells linked by cell fusions (
<figureCitationid="B284D9AB1147FFB62219F974FC21DAA4"box="[868,935,1707,1732]"captionStart="FIGURES 2–8"captionStartId="5.[136,243,1841,1862]"captionTargetBox="[215,1372,198,1816]"captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[215,1372,190,1816]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Sporolithon mesophoticum Holotype, NCU 658543. 2. Habit of holotype. Scale bar = 3 cm. 3. Fracture of rhodolith showing sedimentary composition of nodule below S. mesophoticum crust. Scale bar = 0.8 mm. 4. Partial surface and section view of thallus (brackets) over substratum consisting of sedimentary material including remains of invertebrate organisms (arrows). Scale bar = 138 μm. 5. Vertical fracture of thallus showing monomerous construction. Scale bar = 60 μm. 6. Cell fusion (arrow). Scale bar = 13.8 μm. 7. Section and partial surface view showing epithallial cell (arrow), meristematic cell (*), and layers of short, flattened perithallial cells (P). Scale bar = 9.2 μm. 8. Surface and section view of epithallial cell (bracket, arrow), and section views of putative meristematic cell (*) and perithallial cell (P). Scale bar = 6.3 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13725905"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13725905/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="73">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
); secondary pit connections not observed. The upper perithallium was comprised of layers of wide, flattened cells, 3.1–5.1 μm long x 10.6–16.4 μm wide (
<figureCitationid="B284D9AB1147FFB62444F911FA18DA87"box="[1337,1438,1742,1767]"captionStart="FIGURES 2–8"captionStartId="5.[136,243,1841,1862]"captionTargetBox="[215,1372,198,1816]"captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[215,1372,190,1816]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Sporolithon mesophoticum Holotype, NCU 658543. 2. Habit of holotype. Scale bar = 3 cm. 3. Fracture of rhodolith showing sedimentary composition of nodule below S. mesophoticum crust. Scale bar = 0.8 mm. 4. Partial surface and section view of thallus (brackets) over substratum consisting of sedimentary material including remains of invertebrate organisms (arrows). Scale bar = 138 μm. 5. Vertical fracture of thallus showing monomerous construction. Scale bar = 60 μm. 6. Cell fusion (arrow). Scale bar = 13.8 μm. 7. Section and partial surface view showing epithallial cell (arrow), meristematic cell (*), and layers of short, flattened perithallial cells (P). Scale bar = 9.2 μm. 8. Surface and section view of epithallial cell (bracket, arrow), and section views of putative meristematic cell (*) and perithallial cell (P). Scale bar = 6.3 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13725905"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13725905/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="73">Figs 7–8</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="B284D9AB1147FFB625D6F92DFA94DB6B"box="[1195,1298,1778,1803]"captionStart="FIGURES 2–8"captionStartId="5.[136,243,1841,1862]"captionTargetBox="[215,1372,198,1816]"captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[215,1372,190,1816]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Sporolithon mesophoticum Holotype, NCU 658543. 2. Habit of holotype. Scale bar = 3 cm. 3. Fracture of rhodolith showing sedimentary composition of nodule below S. mesophoticum crust. Scale bar = 0.8 mm. 4. Partial surface and section view of thallus (brackets) over substratum consisting of sedimentary material including remains of invertebrate organisms (arrows). Scale bar = 138 μm. 5. Vertical fracture of thallus showing monomerous construction. Scale bar = 60 μm. 6. Cell fusion (arrow). Scale bar = 13.8 μm. 7. Section and partial surface view showing epithallial cell (arrow), meristematic cell (*), and layers of short, flattened perithallial cells (P). Scale bar = 9.2 μm. 8. Surface and section view of epithallial cell (bracket, arrow), and section views of putative meristematic cell (*) and perithallial cell (P). Scale bar = 6.3 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13725905"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13725905/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="73">Figs 7–8</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="B284D9AB1147FFB621EDF8CAFF71DB4E"box="[144,247,1813,1838]"captionStart="FIGURES 2–8"captionStartId="5.[136,243,1841,1862]"captionTargetBox="[215,1372,198,1816]"captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[215,1372,190,1816]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Sporolithon mesophoticum Holotype, NCU 658543. 2. Habit of holotype. Scale bar = 3 cm. 3. Fracture of rhodolith showing sedimentary composition of nodule below S. mesophoticum crust. Scale bar = 0.8 mm. 4. Partial surface and section view of thallus (brackets) over substratum consisting of sedimentary material including remains of invertebrate organisms (arrows). Scale bar = 138 μm. 5. Vertical fracture of thallus showing monomerous construction. Scale bar = 60 μm. 6. Cell fusion (arrow). Scale bar = 13.8 μm. 7. Section and partial surface view showing epithallial cell (arrow), meristematic cell (*), and layers of short, flattened perithallial cells (P). Scale bar = 9.2 μm. 8. Surface and section view of epithallial cell (bracket, arrow), and section views of putative meristematic cell (*) and perithallial cell (P). Scale bar = 6.3 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13725905"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13725905/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="73">Figs 7–8</figureCitation>
) a single layer of armored epithallial cells that are and very flattened, with thick, heavily calcified cell walls and a small round or slightly trapezoidal shaped lumen, 1.2–2.0 μm long x 4.8–7.0 μm wide (n=7) (
<figureCitationid="B284D9AB1147FFB6241DF8E7FA19DB31"box="[1376,1439,1848,1873]"captionStart="FIGURES 2–8"captionStartId="5.[136,243,1841,1862]"captionTargetBox="[215,1372,198,1816]"captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[215,1372,190,1816]"captionTargetPageId="5"captionText="FIGURES 2–8. Sporolithon mesophoticum Holotype, NCU 658543. 2. Habit of holotype. Scale bar = 3 cm. 3. Fracture of rhodolith showing sedimentary composition of nodule below S. mesophoticum crust. Scale bar = 0.8 mm. 4. Partial surface and section view of thallus (brackets) over substratum consisting of sedimentary material including remains of invertebrate organisms (arrows). Scale bar = 138 μm. 5. Vertical fracture of thallus showing monomerous construction. Scale bar = 60 μm. 6. Cell fusion (arrow). Scale bar = 13.8 μm. 7. Section and partial surface view showing epithallial cell (arrow), meristematic cell (*), and layers of short, flattened perithallial cells (P). Scale bar = 9.2 μm. 8. Surface and section view of epithallial cell (bracket, arrow), and section views of putative meristematic cell (*) and perithallial cell (P). Scale bar = 6.3 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13725905"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13725905/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="73">Fig.8</figureCitation>
). Tetrasporangial sori observed from surface view were flush to slightly raised above the thallus surface and showed tetrasporangial pores surrounded by 10–14 rosette cells (
<figureCitationid="B284D9AB1147FFB62279F8A1FCFFDBF7"box="[772,889,1918,1943]"captionStart="FIGURES 9–12"captionStartId="6.[136,243,1109,1130]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,186,1086]"captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[151,1436,175,1086]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Sporolithon mesophoticum Holotype, NCU 658543. 9. Surface view of tetrasporangial sori (arrows). Scale bar = 0.1 cm. 10. Surface view of tetrasprangial sorus with pores (arrows). Scale bar = 258 μm. 11. Surface view of tetrasprangial sorus with pores (arrows) including portion where upper cell layers were removed (bracket) showing top-down view of tetrasporangial compartments (stars). Scale bar = 164 μm. 12. Surface view of a tetrasporangial pore (*) with rosette cells (circle pointers). Scale bar = 27 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13725907"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13725907/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="73">Figs 9–12</figureCitation>
). No evidence of sloughing of tetrasporangial sori was shown, though no buried tetrasporangial compartments were observed in section views. Surface views of a sorus where upper cell layers were removed show compactly arranged tetrasporangial compartments (
<figureCitationid="B284D9AB1147FFB625C1F81AFA88DBBE"box="[1212,1294,1989,2014]"captionStart="FIGURES 9–12"captionStartId="6.[136,243,1109,1130]"captionTargetBox="[151,1436,186,1086]"captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[151,1436,175,1086]"captionTargetPageId="6"captionText="FIGURES 9–12. Sporolithon mesophoticum Holotype, NCU 658543. 9. Surface view of tetrasporangial sori (arrows). Scale bar = 0.1 cm. 10. Surface view of tetrasprangial sorus with pores (arrows). Scale bar = 258 μm. 11. Surface view of tetrasprangial sorus with pores (arrows) including portion where upper cell layers were removed (bracket) showing top-down view of tetrasporangial compartments (stars). Scale bar = 164 μm. 12. Surface view of a tetrasporangial pore (*) with rosette cells (circle pointers). Scale bar = 27 μm."figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13725907"httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13725907/files/figure.png"pageId="6"pageNumber="73">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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