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<mods:title id= "AFD1A64277ECFFEF9A2B76587C7B859F" > Generic Revision Of The Dioptinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) Part 2: Josiini</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id= "DB129B347BE55132219F4B53D6FCA7CE" > Miller, James S</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id= "C34C657DFFD29E26BC0C111EFE684E86" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" type= "nomenclature" >
<paragraph id= "8BE936F6FFD29E26BC0C111EFE684E86" blockId= "103.[124,588,865,918]" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" >
<heading id= "D0A1819AFFD29E26BC0C111EFE684E86" centered= "true" fontSize= "9" level= "2" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" reason= "2" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C564D75FFD29E26BC0C111EFEE74E6B" ID-CoL= "BWS3P" authority= "(Schaus)" authorityName= "FW" authorityYear= "1892" baseAuthorityName= "Schaus" baseAuthorityYear= "1892" box= "[124,383,865,888]" class= "Insecta" family= "Notodontidae" genus= "Lyces" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Lepidoptera" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "solaris" status= "comb. nov." >
<emphasis id= "B922EAE4FFD29E26BC0C111EFE884E6B" box= "[124,272,865,888]" italics= "true" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > Lyces solaris</emphasis>
(Schaus)
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id= "A211579FFFD29E26BDFD111FFDD44E6B" box= "[397,588,866,888]" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" rank= "species" > new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id= "136D2A73FFD29E26BCA811FDFE1D4E86" box= "[216,389,896,918]" captionStart= "Fig" captionStartId= "83.[116,155,1587,1606]" captionTargetBox= "[97,1189,213,1556]" captionTargetId= "figure-1@83.[96,1189,211,1557]" captionTargetPageId= "83" captionText= "Fig. 324. Genitalia of Lyces. A, ³ of L. minuta (JSM-1467); B, aedeagus of L. minuta; C, ♀ of L. minuta (JSM-721); D, ³ Tg8 of L. minuta; E, ³ St8 of L. minuta; F, ³ of L. solaris (JSM-1391); G, aedeagus of L. solaris; H, ♀ of L. solaris (JSM-1392); I, ³ Tg8 of L. solaris; J, ³ St8 of L. solaris." figureDoi= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13126108" httpUri= "https://zenodo.org/record/13126108/files/figure.png" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > Figure 324F– </figureCitation>
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; plate 30
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<taxonomicName id= "4C564D75FFD29E26BC2D11D3FE054ED2" ID-CoL= "4V4BF" authority= "Schaus, 1892: 285" authorityName= "Schaus" authorityPageNumber= "285" authorityYear= "1892" box= "[93,413,941,961]" class= "Insecta" family= "Notodontidae" genus= "Scea" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Lepidoptera" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "solaris" >
<emphasis id= "B922EAE4FFD29E26BC2D11D3FF4F4ED2" box= "[93,215,941,961]" italics= "true" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > Scea solaris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC74B07FFD29E26BCAF11D3FE054ED2" author= "Schaus, W." box= "[223,413,942,961]" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" pagination= "272 - 291" refId= "ref150190" refString= "Schaus, W. 1892. Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Brazil, Mexico, and Peru. - Part I. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1892: 272 - 291." type= "book chapter" year= "1892" > Schaus, 1892: 285</bibRefCitation>
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.
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: ‘ ‘ ’ ’
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:
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<specimenCount id= "9D50FD7FFFD29E26BD5C119BFED94EEC" box= "[300,321,998,1023]" count= "1" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" type= "female" > ♀</specimenCount>
(
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type no. 11572).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id= "C34C657DFFD29E26BC0A1667FB314C6E" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" type= "discussion" >
<paragraph id= "8BE936F6FFD29E26BC0A1667FF28482D" blockId= "103.[93,620,1050,1759]" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" >
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:
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC74B07FFD29E26BD6C1661FE5B4922" author= "Schaus, W." box= "[284,451,1052,1074]" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" pagination= "272 - 291" refId= "ref150190" refString= "Schaus, W. 1892. Descriptions of new species of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Brazil, Mexico, and Peru. - Part I. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1892: 272 - 291." type= "book chapter" year= "1892" > Schaus (1892)</bibRefCitation>
described
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<emphasis id= "B922EAE4FFD29E26BE3A1660FF164943" italics= "true" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > solaris</emphasis>
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in the genus
<taxonomicName id= "4C564D75FFD29E26BD231647FE11495C" authorityName= "Walker" authorityYear= "1854" box= "[339,393,1082,1103]" class= "Insecta" family= "Notodontidae" genus= "Scea" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Lepidoptera" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B922EAE4FFD29E26BD231647FE11495C" box= "[339,393,1082,1103]" italics= "true" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > Scea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, undoubtedly because of its wing pattern (pl. 30). However, as has happened to so many taxonomists studying the
<taxonomicName id= "4C564D75FFD29E26BD6116EEFEC749BA" baseAuthorityName= "Miller" baseAuthorityYear= "1996" box= "[273,351,1171,1193]" class= "Insecta" family= "Notodontidae" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Lepidoptera" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "tribe" tribe= "Josiini" > Josiini</taxonomicName>
, he was misled by convergence. Subsequent authors (
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;
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC74B07FFD29E26BCDC16B3FED749F7" author= "Hering, E. M." box= "[172,335,1230,1252]" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" pagination= "501 - 534" refId= "ref142624" refString= "Hering, E. M. 1925. Dioptidae. In A. Seitz (editor), Macrolepidoptera of the world. Vol. 6: 501 - 534. Stuttgart: Alfred Kernen." type= "book chapter" year= "1925" > Hering, 1925</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id= "EFC74B07FFD29E26BD1416B3FE7649F7" author= "Bryk, F." box= "[356,494,1230,1252]" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" pagination= "1 - 65" refId= "ref135673" refString= "Bryk, F. 1930. Dioptidae. In E. Strand (editor), Lepidopterorum Catalogus 42: 1 - 65. Berlin: W. Junk." type= "book chapter" year= "1930" > Bryk, 1930</bibRefCitation>
) followed Schaus, retaining the species in
<taxonomicName id= "4C564D75FFD29E26BDB81691FE664812" authorityName= "Walker" authorityYear= "1854" box= "[456,510,1260,1281]" class= "Insecta" family= "Notodontidae" genus= "Scea" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Lepidoptera" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B922EAE4FFD29E26BDB81691FE664812" box= "[456,510,1260,1281]" italics= "true" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > Scea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but here
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<emphasis id= "B922EAE4FFD29E26BC2D1774FF3E4833" box= "[93,166,1289,1312]" italics= "true" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > solaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is referred to
<taxonomicName id= "4C564D75FFD29E26BD281776FE024833" authorityName= "Walker" authorityYear= "1854" box= "[344,410,1291,1312]" class= "Insecta" family= "Notodontidae" genus= "Lyces" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Lepidoptera" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B922EAE4FFD29E26BD281776FE024833" box= "[344,410,1291,1312]" italics= "true" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > Lyces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a new combination.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BE936F6FFD29E26BC0A173BFE524B74" blockId= "103.[93,620,1050,1759]" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" >
Another taxon formerly in
<taxonomicName id= "4C564D75FFD29E26BDC3173BFE714848" authorityName= "Walker" authorityYear= "1854" box= "[435,489,1350,1371]" class= "Insecta" family= "Notodontidae" genus= "Scea" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Lepidoptera" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B922EAE4FFD29E26BDC3173BFE714848" box= "[435,489,1350,1371]" italics= "true" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > Scea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but now in
<emphasis id= "B922EAE4FFD29E26BC2D1719FF22486A" box= "[93,186,1380,1401]" italics= "true" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C564D75FFD29E26BC2D1719FF07486A" authorityName= "Walker" authorityYear= "1854" box= "[93,159,1380,1401]" class= "Insecta" family= "Notodontidae" genus= "Lyces" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Lepidoptera" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "genus" > Lyces</taxonomicName>
—
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id= "4C564D75FFD29E26BCCA171EFE0F486A" authority= "Warren" authorityName= "Warren" box= "[186,407,1379,1402]" class= "Insecta" family= "Notodontidae" genus= "Lyces" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Lepidoptera" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "vulturata" >
<emphasis id= "B922EAE4FFD29E26BCCA171EFEB94869" box= "[186,289,1379,1402]" italics= "true" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > vulturata</emphasis>
Warren
</taxonomicName>
(pl. 30)—shares wing-pattern similarities with
<taxonomicName id= "4C564D75FFD29E26BDB517FCFD96488B" authorityName= "Schaus" authorityYear= "1892" box= "[453,526,1409,1432]" class= "Insecta" family= "Notodontidae" genus= "Scea" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Lepidoptera" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "solaris" >
<emphasis id= "B922EAE4FFD29E26BDB517FCFD96488B" box= "[453,526,1409,1432]" italics= "true" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > solaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Ignoring wing pattern, the genitalia of
<taxonomicName id= "4C564D75FFD29E26BE5217E3FDF348A6" authorityName= "Schaus" authorityYear= "1892" box= "[546,619,1438,1461]" class= "Insecta" family= "Notodontidae" genus= "Scea" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Lepidoptera" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "solaris" >
<emphasis id= "B922EAE4FFD29E26BE5217E3FDF348A6" box= "[546,619,1438,1461]" italics= "true" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > solaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(fig. 324F–
<taxonomicName id= "4C564D75FFD29E26BD8F17C3FDF448C1" authorityName= "Druce FW" authorityYear= "1885" box= "[511,620,1469,1491]" class= "Insecta" family= "Notodontidae" genus= "Lyces" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Lepidoptera" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "fornax" >
<emphasis id= "B922EAE4FFD29E26BD8F17C3FDF448C1" box= "[511,620,1469,1491]" italics= "true" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > L. fornax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pl. 30) in every detail. The relationship of these taxa to one another, and to other members of
<taxonomicName id= "4C564D75FFD29E26BD72146AFEDC4B3F" authorityName= "Walker" authorityYear= "1854" box= "[258,324,1559,1580]" class= "Insecta" family= "Notodontidae" genus= "Lyces" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Lepidoptera" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "genus" >
<emphasis id= "B922EAE4FFD29E26BD72146AFEDC4B3F" box= "[258,324,1559,1580]" italics= "true" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > Lyces</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, will be revealed only through a comprehensive revision and phylogenetic analysis of the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BE936F6FFD29E26BC0A140DFBEA4C1B" blockId= "103.[93,620,1050,1759]" lastBlockId= "103.[667,1194,212,586]" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" >
The female
<typeStatus id= "54ED8854FFD29E26BD75140DFEC64B96" box= "[261,350,1648,1669]" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" type= "syntype" > syntype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id= "4C564D75FFD29E26BDF6140CFE694B95" authorityName= "Schaus" authorityYear= "1892" box= "[390,497,1647,1670]" class= "Insecta" family= "Notodontidae" genus= "Scea" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Lepidoptera" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "solaris" >
<emphasis id= "B922EAE4FFD29E26BDF6140CFE694B95" box= "[390,497,1647,1670]" italics= "true" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > L. solaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is missing its abdomen, but I examined a male and female, both from the USNM, identical to it in every way. The male of
<taxonomicName id= "4C564D75FFD29E26BDFF14B7FE614BCC" authorityName= "Schaus" authorityYear= "1892" box= "[399,505,1736,1759]" class= "Insecta" family= "Notodontidae" genus= "Scea" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Lepidoptera" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "solaris" >
<emphasis id= "B922EAE4FFD29E26BDFF14B7FE614BCC" box= "[399,505,1736,1759]" italics= "true" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > L. solaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses antennal rami so short that the antenna could be characterized as ciliate or subserrate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BE936F6FFD29E26BEC8136DFB314C6E" blockId= "103.[667,1194,212,586]" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" >
<taxonomicName id= "4C564D75FFD29E26BEC8136DFCD44C35" authorityName= "FW" authorityYear= "1892" baseAuthorityName= "Schaus" baseAuthorityYear= "1892" box= "[696,844,271,294]" class= "Insecta" family= "Notodontidae" genus= "Lyces" higherTaxonomySource= "GBIF" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Lepidoptera" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" phylum= "Arthropoda" rank= "species" species= "solaris" >
<emphasis id= "B922EAE4FFD29E26BEC8136DFCD44C35" box= "[696,844,271,294]" italics= "true" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > Lyces solaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is extremely rare. In addition to the three USNM specimens noted above, there are
<specimenCount id= "9D50FD7FFFD29E26BF771337FC1D4C73" box= "[775,901,330,352]" count= "6" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" type= "female" > six females</specimenCount>
at the BMNH. The male dissected (JSM-1391) is the only one known.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id= "C34C657DFFD29E26BEC813FEFD7A4F59" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" type= "distribution" >
<paragraph id= "8BE936F6FFD29E26BEC813FEFB9F4CAB" blockId= "103.[667,1194,212,586]" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" >
<smallCapsWord id= "8D0FA02AFFD29E26BEC813FEFCF94C89" baselines= "405,406" box= "[696,865,387,411]" lowerCaseFontSize= "7" mainFontSize= "10" normCase= "title" normString= "Distribution" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
:
<collectingCountry id= "F3417666FFD29E26BFF113FBFC2F4C88" box= "[897,951,390,411]" name= "Peru" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > Peru</collectingCountry>
(USNM);
<collectingCountry id= "F3417666FFD29E26B82613F8FB314C88" box= "[1110,1193,389,411]" name= "Bolivia" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(BMNH),
<collectingCountry id= "F3417666FFD29E26BF6813DFFC164CAB" box= "[792,910,418,440]" name= "Argentina" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > Argentina</collectingCountry>
(USNM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BE936F6FFD29E26BEC813C3FD7A4F59" blockId= "103.[667,1194,212,586]" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" >
<materialsCitation id= "3B3E3CABFFD29E26BEC813C3FD454F03" collectionCode= "USNM" location= "Peru'" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" specimenCode= "JSM-1391" specimenCount= "1" >
<smallCapsWord id= "8D0FA02AFFD29E26BEC813C3FCA24CC6" baselines= "464,465" box= "[696,826,446,470]" lowerCaseFontSize= "7" mainFontSize= "10" normCase= "title" normString= "Dissected" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > DISSECTED</smallCapsWord>
: ³, ‘ ‘
<location id= "8E89602DFFD29E26BFD713BCFC744CC5" LSID= "urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FF87E0FFD29E26BC0C111EFD7A4F59:8E89602DFFD29E26BFD713BCFC744CC5" box= "[935,1004,449,470]" name= "Peru'" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > Peru’ </location>
’
<collectionCode id= "ED47AE33FFD29E26BF7813A3FCC74CE0" box= "[776,863,478,499]" country= "USA" httpUri= "http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid= "urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name= "Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" type= "Museum" > USNM</collectionCode>
(genitalia slide no.
<specimenCode id= "DBF09E8DFFD29E26B81A13A3FD4D4F03" collectionCode= "JSM-" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > JSM-1391</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id= "3B3E3CABFFD29E26BE821385FD464F59" collectingDate= "1920-09-27" collectionCode= "USNM" country= "Argentina" location= "Argentina" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" specimenCode= "JSM-1392" specimenCount= "1" specimenCount-female= "1" >
<specimenCount id= "9D50FD7FFFD29E26BE821385FC9F4F02" box= "[754,775,504,529]" count= "1" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" type= "female" > ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id= "F3417666FFD29E26BF6D1386FC0D4F02" box= "[797,917,507,529]" name= "Argentina" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > Argentina</collectingCountry>
, [‘ ‘ ’ ’
<date id= "FFE81036FFD29E26B8241386FD4D4F3E" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" value= "1920-09-27" >
<collectingDate id= "EFACE9DEFFD29E26B8241386FD4D4F3E" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" value= "1920-09-27" > 27 Sep 1920</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id= "ED47AE33FFD29E26BE831065FCD24F3E" box= "[755,842,536,557]" country= "USA" httpUri= "http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid= "urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name= "Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" type= "Museum" > USNM</collectionCode>
(genitalia slide no.
<specimenCode id= "DBF09E8DFFD29E26B81A1065FD4E4F59" collectionCode= "JSM-" pageId= "103" pageNumber= "778" > JSM-1392</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
