178 lines
18 KiB
XML
178 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="071FFFCBE8E3B74D82ED969B138780B8" ID-CLB-Dataset="25722" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729" ID-GBIF-Dataset="84c8a2ac-d7b8-46f3-9888-ce6c1485ac65" ID-PMC="PMC3088436" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-68-1" ID-PubMed="21594036" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-68-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 68" ModsDocTitle="Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho–)calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)" checkinTime="1451250894870" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Van Soest, Rob W. M., Beglinger, Elly J. & De Voogd, Nicole J." docDate="2010" docId="3A2CF60593108CB939956065137E2F9B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 68: 1-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 68" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729" docTitle="Dercitus (Stoeba) lesinensis Lendenfeld 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="5D0AFFB7C87613675E79FFF7DA38AE2E" masterDocTitle="Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1732650052328" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0EEBC965CF36ECF9CCCB5E9925993E7B">Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-) calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3D695E3468E44B9DD8C3D2A7B61DCFD6">Van Soest, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AF8BCE2D71B629CBED7D456B4AC16706">Beglinger, Elly J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F1FBFF17F2663E0B9B96836981FB6D58">De Voogd, Nicole J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9E2CF645C90B4CB78E55DC3BA0A8802D">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="33ADF23F6796A04CB458599A587C57E4">68</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="08305FF4B46A436BACF3C803A0BECBCC" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.68.729</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3A2CF60593108CB939956065137E2F9B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159360721" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3A2CF60593108CB939956065137E2F9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3A2CF60593108CB939956065137E2F9B" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" scope_class="Demospongiae" scope_family="Pachastrellidae" scope_order="Astrophorida" scope_phylum="Porifera" scope_subGenus="Stoeba">
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<subSubSection id="C4492D00D9B793F892314AEC66EE0F00" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BBE20C5CE68A9EE31E05CFC449941D36" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="32021C66F8155CEE4AD9345ECD3258F3" ID-CoL="34W2B" authority="Lendenfeld, 1894" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1894" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) lesinensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lesinensis" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus Stoeba lesinensis (Lendenfeld, 1894)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 7
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<normalizedToken id="06C5F65BAF9E11639D42B27AF9F9D38C" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D3BCC6E33F51EA391A62EE92D5D1BB5A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="3DEE1CA9AD098AF5D5E9F511252205D7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="1AF8345B211C9D12BB4A3934771428FF" class="Demospongiae" family="Pachastrellidae" genus="Pachastrella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachastrella lesinensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lesinensis">Pachastrella lesinensis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="5128E2EFFC29BE285A75571CCF902BB8" author="Lendenfeld, R von" journalOrPublisher="Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaften Klasse" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="91 - 204" title="Die Tetractinelliden der Adria. (Mit einem Anhange ueber die Lithistiden)." volume="61" year="1894">Lendenfeld 1894</bibRefCitation>
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: 18, pl. II fig. 18, pl. III fig. 44, pl. IV figs 67-68.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C366C55EAF9E344171C32E0CF2D412FA" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="C16C8542363448CE8E064971F16CFDCC" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitancorina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitancorina lesinensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lesinensis">Dercitancorina lesinensis</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="38F3C991E8A37CE71611E486E2E3710A" author="Topsent, E" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Scientifique et Medicale de l'Ouest" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 18" title="Les Asterostreptidae." volume="11" year="1902">Topsent 1902</bibRefCitation>
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: 15.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CCD40062238893E486B65583E41C700C" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="371E6ECD7380B146E430ED69AE6A3F18" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stoeba lesinensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lesinensis">Stoeba lesinensis</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="9B2033DD3C7506F5A60B995B5C5BECA9" author="Maldonado, M" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publications, New York" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="141 - 162" title="Pachastrellidae" volumeTitle="Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges" year="2002">Maldonado 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 156.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AC642B961120D0D5A278D28F312FFE92" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="material examined">
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<paragraph id="CFA2DF0F2FC19AABBE1DA9D3780CDFE7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9AA6EE9CD9090D5B654DFBA1CFE1ECC8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Syntype fragment ZMB 2409, dredged near Lesina, Croatia.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5827A3177638C07213C419D178FD38F6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7498932EC36DCD0C6FC577D179606E42" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F8E489D473301F0CBDBE2680ACB55FCC" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Encrusting and insinuating among stones and coralline algae, with oscular elevations. The fragment examined by us was a thin rounded papilla-like extension (probably from the larger of the two type specimens described by Lendenfeld). Consistency slightly rubbery. Colour (alcohol) orange.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="78281AB8002BC1A1B1532C91150A2F1B" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Skeleton: at the surface consisting of a dense crust of microscleres, subdermally the skeleton consists of a mass of calthrops, embedded in a fibrous-organic groundmass.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="155A91DCA217A42DE0DF088B013A2001" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Spicules: calthrops, dichocalthrops and sanidasters, no complete oxeas are found in the fragment examined, but a few broken monaxones were present.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="85E82B3A9AE194716071E953DE04785C" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Calthrops (Fig. 7A), with occasional bifid cladus endings, cladi 92
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<normalizedToken id="A2EE81E9DC90785D16B1A60752986E99" originalValue="–130.9–">-130.9-</normalizedToken>
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165
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<normalizedToken id="E9CBDA653FB5EFB3BB1BC6B4C12A3D60" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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14
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<normalizedToken id="B323BEC9BDA1013398D77DD79AE1D4FA" originalValue="–21.3–">-21.3-</normalizedToken>
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31
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<normalizedToken id="D3A746E66C4BEF237DACE06DC1988EC1" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(Lendenfeld: up to 160
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<normalizedToken id="5C13E657E4B8DC106F4C5AEBA4CEF387" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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40
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<normalizedToken id="CF893444C395BAE0B58AE16BB9BDF0A6" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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), cladomes 180-210
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<normalizedToken id="E9DFB1FB2FBB7200141BE9208ED94281" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3647BF7B50FE6B1749326A55C6E008A6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Dichocalthrops (Fig. 7B), rare, small, mentioned by Lendenfeld, but no measurements given. Our preparations contained a few, with protocladi 16-18
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<normalizedToken id="F60B44E4B49D652CD475071E5C4D6604" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-8
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<normalizedToken id="6446C8267A5CCD37A48B815185646EFC" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, deuterocladi 15-32
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<normalizedToken id="548F5338E4E3D6BC6B57BF367421C82B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-6 mm, cladome diameters 70-74
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<normalizedToken id="BB2324D843249BA06C6FFF58B6F9178E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, rhabdi 40-47
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<normalizedToken id="9F911704466EDDE1D8AA901062F314D8" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F57B52C7EBF4A78D324AE03C2B813A57" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Sanidasters (Figs 7
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<normalizedToken id="F74BFFEEC38E02665287696AFD7DCAC8" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
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), with short low spination, size 11
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<normalizedToken id="42DB4E12C66D9B9CCB708EC11031173F" originalValue="–15.2–">-15.2-</normalizedToken>
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18
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<normalizedToken id="D8FAD40C641F895DDE20A17B9AACFD4D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2
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<normalizedToken id="E88DDBD752F90809C52E97FE7D77B8EA" originalValue="–2.45–">-2.45-</normalizedToken>
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3
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<normalizedToken id="6D217CF7E3D4AD7AC067E146D7C8B5F4" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(Lendenfeld: 12-15
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<normalizedToken id="D7857175D3AADD9CCFEDBD81C5A7071C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.6
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<normalizedToken id="D3A6F214414C44B62871079E849DD919" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="CC8C32A7681DF830E02D83371F0FC122" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<paragraph id="E6F98FF956966BD7AF6703E226124BFE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Figure 7.
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<taxonomicName id="B116C1FDBE6549A07FD457B49810D30A" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) lesinensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lesinensis" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus (Stoeba) lesinensis</taxonomicName>
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, syntype ZMB 2409, dredged near Lesina, Croatia, A various calthrops B various dichocalthrops C mass of sanidasters D various sanidasters.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="91609F6FD3D5CC212552CA07E9E85F3F" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="habitat">
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<paragraph id="E1CB9ABC7B033CE6A2E49EB775D368FB" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0DFA8E46CAA12D43B547D35096262A5D" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">No data.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FB7365BE03EEC9797200CBCF27BE8276" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="20C61192B4DB8335FFDBF800C927464C" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F0A27171F970905BADDABE646B721CB7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Adriatic. So far there is only a single record of this species.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7DE522DB1159FB2CEDA439B409C64208" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="7D9F60D1BEB040B8F65A95F39C9AD091" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C04619122F4BAB014E91A199DAD6AF3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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A major difference with the original description is the lack of giant oxeas (4000
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<normalizedToken id="1C163A6C113319A0B37067089F58280E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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70
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<normalizedToken id="55A575DA1416879600FAFA8B34503F66" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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), some centrotylote, reported and pictured by
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<bibRefCitation id="D955DF650F3C517DEECC2B4AB1B06549" author="Lendenfeld, R von" journalOrPublisher="Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaften Klasse" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="91 - 204" title="Die Tetractinelliden der Adria. (Mit einem Anhange ueber die Lithistiden)." volume="61" year="1894">Lendenfeld (1894)</bibRefCitation>
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; also tylostyles and strongyles were reported. The fragment of the type specimen received from ZMB did not contain any such spicules, except for some broken fragments. For
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<bibRefCitation id="A3C2B98DFC9333B93C44D6AA4C9DCA29" author="Maldonado, M" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publications, New York" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="141 - 162" title="Pachastrellidae" volumeTitle="Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges" year="2002">Maldonado (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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the alleged presence of oxeas in a species otherwise considered by him a typical
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<taxonomicName id="2335DA3621938FF3BF06AEBF65CBD86D" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stoeba" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Stoeba</taxonomicName>
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was the reason to accept species with structural monaxone megascleres within the definition of
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<taxonomicName id="CC1ECE875A2E8DC97A54096990B4D6E0" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stoeba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stoeba" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Stoeba</taxonomicName>
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. We maintain that such spicules, if they would be proper, are auxiliary, not structural.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0E26BDC8D6AE03597197EB6C0F685AB0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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This species is similar in most respects to
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<taxonomicName id="F3E0AC91C6E3A40472612E95B3BE5DC0" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) plicatus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plicatus" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus (Stoeba) plicatus</taxonomicName>
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, but the orange colour has not been reported for that species (although
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<bibRefCitation id="486B3918768DA580AEECAF68A431C1C4" author="Pulitzer-Finali, G" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="445 - 621" title="A collection of Mediterranean Demospongiae (Porifera) with, in appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the Mediterranean Sea." volume="84" year="1983">Pulitzer-Finali (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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mentions brown specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="A8033D8F8FF5184B2E078F6C59791D3A" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) plicatus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plicatus" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus (Stoeba) plicatus</taxonomicName>
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). Based on our observations of the sanidasters, it is possible that these are slightly different from
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<taxonomicName id="2090059479BD7061557DD90269CDEF32" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) plicatus" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="plicatus" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus (Stoeba) plicatus</taxonomicName>
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in spination, with the latter having more profused spines. In view of this, we are forced to retain
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<taxonomicName id="471E03B704DEFB5613E511DBF6E396E8" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Dercitus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dercitus (Stoeba) lesinensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lesinensis" subGenus="Stoeba">Dercitus (Stoeba) lesinensis</taxonomicName>
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as a valid species for the time being.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |