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<document id="F9533D77EE6170C1B0442E9AE61F6D3B" ID-DOI="10.6620/ZS.2022.61-39" ID-ISSN="1810-522X" ID-PMC="PMC9745572" ID-PubMed="36568810" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12826598" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1721931508455" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hidaka, Chiho, Yang, Chien-Hui &amp; Wakabayashi, Kaori" docDate="2022" docId="03DD87C2FE585602FF13FD25A19BFE70" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolStud.61.39.1-13.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Studies 61 (39)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12827277" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E2601EF9E8BBDC4537EE724C10FF512F.1:ZoolStud.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="E2601EF9E8BBDC4537EE724C10FF512F" docStyleName="ZoolStud.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Pseudasphondylia elaeocarpi Tokuda &amp; Yukawa 2005" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFE4FFBAFE5E560AFFBDFFF8A302FFC6" masterDocTitle="Scyllarides squammosus Nisto" masterLastPageNumber="13" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1721942285576" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="AE9AD3FF6D38A34B78F6F75BE9039DA2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="0A659C272E83D2134E958F3D5B46C642">Scyllarides squammosus Nisto</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EBBBF1695674477F727D22A4AFCAC230">Hidaka, Chiho</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E3BC28628C5423C8B80A60EB2F8D3CDC">Yang, Chien-Hui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D4C2E796C38323379E6C2123E6D00C9E">Wakabayashi, Kaori</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="26D03012D218F93B546796683B5BC8B4">Zoological Studies</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="732595D05DDDE7E0A14140A2AEBF10FB">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03DD87C2FE585602FF13FD25A19BFE70" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD87C2FE585602FF13FD25A19BFE70" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87C2FE585602FF13FD25A19BFE70" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<subSubSection id="C36E655FFE58560CFF13FD25A005FD30" box="[174,775,733,758]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCB36D4FE58560CFF13FD25A005FD30" blockId="6.[174,775,733,758]" box="[174,775,733,758]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="D08381B8FE58560CFF13FD25A005FD30" bold="true" box="[174,775,733,758]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE58560CFF13FD25A005FD30" ID-CoL="4NLFK" authority="Tokuda &amp; Yukawa" authorityName="Tokuda &amp; Yukawa" authorityYear="2005" box="[174,775,733,758]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaeocarpi">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE58560CFF13FD25A005FD30" bold="true" box="[174,775,733,758]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE58560CFF13FD25A120FD30" bold="true" box="[174,546,733,758]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudasphondylia elaeocarpi</emphasis>
Tokuda &amp; Yukawa
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36E655FFE585602FE0FFD05A19BFE70" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BCB36D4FE58560CFE0FFD05A100FCD3" blockId="6.[434,514,765,789]" box="[434,514,765,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
(
<figureCitation id="134F2A51FE58560CFE07FD05A2F8FCD3" box="[442,506,765,789]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,205,1927,1946]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,1302,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-524@6.[174,1451,1302,1899]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Pseudasphondylia elaeocarpi (A) Pupal face and antennal horns. (B) Pupal abdomen, arrows indicate stigmatal tubercles. (C) Larval sternal spatula. Scale bars: A and C = 0.3 mm; B = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826606/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36D4FE58560CFF57FCC2A215FB97" blockId="6.[174,775,825,1235]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE58560CFF57FCC2A25EFC97" box="[234,348,826,849]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Adult palpus three-segmented, first to sixth tergites with a single row of posterior setae, hypoproct basally rather wide and extremely narrowing at apex. Pupal antennal horn triangular, well developed (
<figureCitation id="134F2A51FE58560CFF0BFC41A20DFC17" box="[182,271,953,977]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,205,1927,1946]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,1302,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-524@6.[174,1451,1302,1899]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Pseudasphondylia elaeocarpi (A) Pupal face and antennal horns. (B) Pupal abdomen, arrows indicate stigmatal tubercles. (C) Larval sternal spatula. Scale bars: A and C = 0.3 mm; B = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826606/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Pupal stigmatal tubercles present on second to fourth abdominal segments (
<figureCitation id="134F2A51FE58560CFE45FC21A14EFC37" box="[504,588,985,1009]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,205,1927,1946]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,1302,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-524@6.[174,1451,1302,1899]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Pseudasphondylia elaeocarpi (A) Pupal face and antennal horns. (B) Pupal abdomen, arrows indicate stigmatal tubercles. (C) Larval sternal spatula. Scale bars: A and C = 0.3 mm; B = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826606/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
), reduced on fifth to eighth abdominal segments. Larval sternal spatula with four lobes and the inner pairs longer than the outer (
<figureCitation id="134F2A51FE58560CFF0BFBC1A209FB97" box="[182,267,1081,1105]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,205,1927,1946]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,1302,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-524@6.[174,1451,1302,1899]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Pseudasphondylia elaeocarpi (A) Pupal face and antennal horns. (B) Pupal abdomen, arrows indicate stigmatal tubercles. (C) Larval sternal spatula. Scale bars: A and C = 0.3 mm; B = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826606/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36D4FE58560CFF57FBA1A0EFFDF3" blockId="6.[174,775,825,1235]" lastBlockId="6.[850,1452,253,1014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE58560CFF57FBA1A2BDFBB7" box="[234,447,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE58560CFE6DFBA2A174FBB7" box="[464,630,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Type materials</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="F3637644FE58560CFD35FBA1A1DDFBB7" box="[648,735,1113,1137]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
: ò (on slide,
<typeStatus id="54CF8876FE58560CFE9CFB81A288FB57" box="[289,394,1145,1169]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, ELKU), Shiroyama,
<collectingRegion id="49B0F836FE58560CFD3EFB81A001FB57" box="[643,771,1145,1169]" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Kagoshima</collectingRegion>
, Kyushu, galls collected
<date id="FFCA1014FE58560CFE7AFB61A12AFB77" box="[455,552,1177,1201]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1976-05-01">1.v.1976</date>
and adult emerged on
<date id="FFCA1014FE58560CFF6EFB41A234FB17" box="[211,310,1209,1233]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1976-05-02">2.v.1976</date>
., leg. J Yukawa; 10ò, 6ñ,
<specimenCount id="9D72FD5DFE58560CFDCBFB41A1DBFB16" box="[630,729,1209,1232]" count="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="larva">7 Larvae</specimenCount>
(on slides,
<typeStatus id="54CF8876FE58560CFC14FF06A71DFED0" box="[937,1055,254,278]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
, ELKU), same data as
<typeStatus id="54CF8876FE58560CFA81FF05A6A4FED3" box="[1340,1446,253,277]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; 3ò (on slides), Shiroyama,
<collectingRegion id="49B0F836FE58560CFB0DFEE5A63BFEF3" box="[1200,1337,285,309]" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Kagoshima</collectingRegion>
, Kyushu,
<date id="FFCA1014FE58560CFCEFFEC5A0D0FE93" box="[850,978,317,341]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1971-04-15">15.iv.1971</date>
, J Yukawa; 2ñ (on slides) Shiroyama,
<collectingRegion id="49B0F836FE58560CFCEFFEA5A0CDFEB3" box="[850,975,349,373]" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Kagoshima</collectingRegion>
, Kyushu, galls collected on
<date id="FFCA1014FE58560CFAB7FEA5A679FEB3" box="[1290,1403,349,373]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1974-04-22">22.iv.1974</date>
and adults emerged
<date id="FFCA1014FE58560CFC42FE85A770FE53" box="[1023,1138,381,405]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1974-04-26">26.iv.1974</date>
, leg. K Takahashi; 2ò, 5ñ,
<specimenCount id="9D72FD5DFE58560CFCEFFE66A0A8FE73" box="[850,938,414,438]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="pupa">2 Pupae</specimenCount>
(on slides) Kekura,
<collectingRegion id="49B0F836FE58560CFB30FE65A608FE73" box="[1165,1290,413,437]" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Kagoshima</collectingRegion>
, Kyushu, galls collected on
<date id="FFCA1014FE58560CFC64FE45A74BFE13" box="[985,1097,445,469]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1977-04-29">29.iv.1977</date>
and adults emerged
<date id="FFCA1014FE58560CFA9EFE46A6A5FE10" box="[1315,1447,446,470]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1977-05-04" valueMax="1977-05-11" valueMin="1977-05-04">4–11.v.1977</date>
, leg. T Sunose; 1ò, 1ñ,
<specimenCount id="9D72FD5DFE58560CFBC4FE26A7D7FE33" box="[1145,1237,478,502]" count="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="pupa">2 Pupae</specimenCount>
(on slides), Yona, Kunigami,
<collectingRegion id="49B0F836FE58560CFC72FE05A732FDD3" box="[975,1072,509,533]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
Island,
<date id="FFCA1014FE58560CFB36FE05A7FEFDD3" box="[1163,1276,509,533]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2001-02-24">24.ii.2001</date>
, leg. M Tokuda and J Yukawa.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36D4FE58560CFC32FDC5A743FC93" blockId="6.[850,1452,253,1014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE58560CFC32FDC5A7B0FD93" box="[911,1202,573,597]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Other materials examined</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="F3637644FE58560CFB7EFDC6A632FD90" box="[1219,1328,574,598]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
: [
<collectingRegion id="49B0F836FE58560CFAFEFDC5A081FDB3" country="Taiwan" name="Taichung" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Taichung City</collectingRegion>
] 2ò, 2ñ,
<specimenCount id="9D72FD5DFE58560CFBBCFDA5A75AFDB3" box="[1025,1112,605,629]" count="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="pupa">6 Pupae</specimenCount>
(on slides, NCHU), Mt. Tung-mao, galls collected on
<date id="FFCA1014FE58560CFBE6FD85A7CFFD53" box="[1115,1229,637,661]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2017-04-25">25.iv.2017</date>
and adults emerged on
<date id="FFCA1014FE58560CFCCBFD66A0D7FD70" box="[886,981,670,694]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2017-05-03">3.v.2017</date>
, leg. SF Lin; 2ò, 7ñ (in EtOH, NCHU), Mt. Tung-mao, galls collected on
<date id="FFCA1014FE58560CFB79FD45A636FD13" box="[1220,1332,701,725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2017-04-25">25.iv.2017</date>
and adults emerged on
<date id="FFCA1014FE58560CFC67FD26A75DFD30" box="[986,1119,734,758]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2017-05-08" valueMax="2017-05-11" valueMin="2017-05-08">8–11.v.2017</date>
, SF Lin; [
<collectingRegion id="49B0F836FE58560CFB71FD25A62DFD33" box="[1228,1327,733,757]" country="Taiwan" name="Pingtung" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pingtung</collectingRegion>
Co.] 10ò, 7ñ, (in EtOH, NCHU), Dahan forest rd., galls collected on
<date id="FFCA1014FE58560CFCCAFCE6A0D4FCF0" box="[887,982,798,822]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2017-05-04">4.v.2017</date>
and adults emerged on
<date id="FFCA1014FE58560CFB57FCE5A677FCF3" box="[1258,1397,797,821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2017-05-08" valueMax="2017-05-25" valueMin="2017-05-08">8–25.v.2017</date>
, leg. YM Chao and SF Lin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36D4FE58560CFC32FCA6A737FC30" blockId="6.[850,1452,253,1014]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE58560CFC32FCA6A731FCB3" box="[911,1075,861,885]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="F3637644FE58560CFBF0FCA6A7A8FCB3" box="[1101,1194,862,886]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
: Honshu, Kyushu, Tanegashima, Nakanoshima, Amamiohshima, and Okinawajima (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B25FE58560CFC4CFC65A60CFC73" author="Tokuda M &amp; Yukawa J." box="[1009,1294,925,949]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="259 - 272" refId="ref9568" refString="Tokuda M, Yukawa J. 2005. Two new and three known Japanese species of the genus Pseudasphondylia Monzen (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and their life history strategies. Ann Entomol Soc Am 98: 259 - 272. doi: 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2005) 098 [0259: TNAT KJ] 2.0. CO; 2." type="journal article" year="2005">Tokuda and Yukawa 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B25FE58560CFAA4FC65A08EFC10" author="Yukawa J &amp; Ogata K &amp; Kaburagi K &amp; Tokuda M." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="48 - 61" refId="ref10186" refString="Yukawa J, Ogata K, Kaburagi K, Tokuda M. 2013. Cecidomyiid galls found on Tanegashima Island. Satsuma 150: 48 - 61." type="journal article" year="2013">Yukawa et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFE54B25FE58560CFC27FC45A72DFC10" author="Tokuda M." box="[922,1071,957,982]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="99 - 107" refId="ref9335" refString="Tokuda M. 2018. Arthropod galls found in northern parts of the Tokara Islands, Japan. Jpn J Syst Entomol 24: 99 - 107." type="journal article" year="2018">Tokuda 2018</bibRefCitation>
); and
<collectingCountry id="F3637644FE58560CFBC8FC46A7DCFC10" box="[1141,1246,958,982]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
(New distribution records, see
<tableCitation id="C6F6036FFE58560CFC6AFC25A725FC30" box="[983,1063,989,1014]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="7.[136,199,1539,1563]" captionText="Table 3. Distribution records of Pseudasphondylia elaeocarpi in Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Table 3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36D4FE58560CFCEFFBE4A667FBF0" blockId="6.[850,1381,1052,1078]" box="[850,1381,1052,1078]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE58560CFCEFFBE4A667FBF0" bold="true" box="[850,1381,1052,1078]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Genetic distance and species delimitation</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36D4FE58560DFC32FBA5A3FEFE73" blockId="6.[850,1451,1117,1238]" lastBlockId="7.[136,741,253,629]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Sequences of
<specimenCount id="9D72FD5DFE58560CFB84FBA5A78AFBB3" box="[1081,1160,1117,1141]" count="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="generic">
five
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE58560CFBCFFBA6A78AFBB3" authorityName="Hidaka &amp; Yang &amp; Wakabayashi" authorityYear="2022" box="[1138,1160,1118,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiwiphila" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE58560CFBCFFBA6A78AFBB3" box="[1138,1160,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</specimenCount>
kiwiphila
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357BDFE58560CFAB0FBA6A66FFBB3" box="[1293,1389,1118,1141]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(one Japanese and four Taiwanese individuals) and two Taiwanese
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE58560CFC70FB66A75FFB73" authorityName="Tokuda &amp; Yukawa" authorityYear="2005" box="[973,1117,1181,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaeocarpi">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE58560CFC70FB66A75FFB73" box="[973,1117,1181,1205]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. elaeocarpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
individuals were obtained for a partial
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE58560CFC0BFB46A0E6FB13" box="[950,996,1214,1237]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">COI</emphasis>
gene (658–689 bp). Species delimitation of ABGD showed three presumptive species (
<figureCitation id="134F2A51FE59560DFD2EFF05A1DAFED3" box="[659,728,253,277]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[136,167,1377,1396]" captionTargetBox="[139,1411,814,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-7@7.[136,913,794,1373]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Phylogenetic tree of Pseudasphondylia species based on DNA partial COI region. (A) Bayesian tree of Pseudasphondylia species, supported values are shown beside nodes with the Bayesian posterior probability (lift) and ultrafast bootstrap of the IQ tree (right). Taxa with different colors refer to distinct species based on summarized results of species delimitation (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery analysis). (B) Cladogram of Pseudasphondylia kiwiphila sp. nov. lineage in IQ tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826608/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) corresponding to our morphological examinations: (1)
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE59560DFF35FEC6A207FE93" baseAuthorityName="Yuasa &amp; Kumazawa" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[136,261,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matatabi">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFF35FEC6A207FE93" box="[136,261,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. matatabi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: one Japanese sequence; (2)
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE59560DFDF7FEC6A1DBFE93" authorityName="Tokuda &amp; Yukawa" authorityYear="2005" box="[586,729,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaeocarpi">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFDF7FEC6A1DBFE93" box="[586,729,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. elaeocarpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: one Japanese and two Taiwanese sequences; and (3)
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE59560DFD70FEA6A3F2FE53" authorityName="Hidaka &amp; Yang &amp; Wakabayashi" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiwiphila" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFD70FEA6A3F2FE53" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. kiwiphila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357BDFE59560DFF47FE86A255FE53" box="[250,343,382,405]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: one Japanese and four Taiwanese sequences.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0B665CFE58560CFF13F87FA16EF870" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826606" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12826606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826606/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[174,205,1927,1946]" targetBox="[174,1451,1302,1899]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCB36D4FE58560CFF13F87FA16EF870" blockId="6.[174,1451,1927,1974]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE58560CFF13F87FA3E5F85C" bold="true" box="[174,231,1927,1946]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE58560CFF4EF87FA2F3F85C" authorityName="Tokuda &amp; Yukawa" authorityYear="2005" box="[243,497,1927,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaeocarpi">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE58560CFF4EF87FA2F3F85C" box="[243,497,1927,1946]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pseudasphondylia elaeocarpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A) Pupal face and antennal horns. (B) Pupal abdomen, arrows indicate stigmatal tubercles. (C) Larval sternal spatula. Scale bars: A and C = 0.3 mm; B = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCB36D4FE59560DFF78FE45A15FFDB3" blockId="7.[136,741,253,629]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The genetic distance of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE59560DFE59FE46A17CFE13" authorityName="Tokuda &amp; Yukawa" authorityYear="2005" box="[484,638,445,469]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaeocarpi">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFE59FE46A17CFE13" box="[484,638,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. elaeocarpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is 0.1% within Taiwanese individuals and 2.7% between Taiwanese and Japanese populations. As to
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE59560DFDC9FE05A1DAFDD3" box="[628,728,509,533]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Actinidiaceae" genus="Actinidia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFDC9FE05A1DAFDD3" box="[628,728,509,533]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Actinidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- associated species, the genetic distance is 0–2.6% among
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE59560DFF66FDC6A25CFD93" authorityName="Hidaka &amp; Yang &amp; Wakabayashi" authorityYear="2022" box="[219,350,573,597]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiwiphila" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFF66FDC6A25CFD93" box="[219,350,573,597]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. kiwiphila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357BDFE59560DFEDAFDC6A2BCFD93" box="[359,446,574,597]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 5.1–6.7% between
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE59560DFD70FDC6A3E9FDB3" authorityName="Hidaka &amp; Yang &amp; Wakabayashi" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiwiphila" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFD70FDC6A3E9FDB3" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. kiwiphila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357BDFE59560DFF4FFDA6A247FDB3" box="[242,325,606,629]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and Japanese
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE59560DFE60FDA6A154FDB3" baseAuthorityName="Yuasa &amp; Kumazawa" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[477,598,605,629]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matatabi">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFE60FDA6A154FDB3" box="[477,598,605,629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. matatabi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36D4FE59560DFF35FD65A11AFD70" blockId="7.[136,536,669,694]" box="[136,536,669,694]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFF35FD65A11AFD70" bold="true" box="[136,536,669,694]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phylogeny and divergence time</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36D4FE59560DFF78FD25A77AFD53" blockId="7.[197,736,733,757]" lastBlockId="7.[813,1417,253,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The phylogenetic trees constructed by Bayesian inference (
<figureCitation id="134F2A51FE59560DFC0FFF05A711FED3" box="[946,1043,253,277]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[136,167,1377,1396]" captionTargetBox="[139,1411,814,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-7@7.[136,913,794,1373]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Phylogenetic tree of Pseudasphondylia species based on DNA partial COI region. (A) Bayesian tree of Pseudasphondylia species, supported values are shown beside nodes with the Bayesian posterior probability (lift) and ultrafast bootstrap of the IQ tree (right). Taxa with different colors refer to distinct species based on summarized results of species delimitation (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery analysis). (B) Cladogram of Pseudasphondylia kiwiphila sp. nov. lineage in IQ tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826608/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
) and by Maximum likelihood shared a similar topology except for the phylogenetic relationship among individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE59560DFB71FEC6A65BFE93" authorityName="Hidaka &amp; Yang &amp; Wakabayashi" authorityYear="2022" box="[1228,1369,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiwiphila" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFB71FEC6A65BFE93" box="[1228,1369,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. kiwiphila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357BDFE59560DFAD8FEC6A05CFEB3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, which was resolved in the IQ tree (
<figureCitation id="134F2A51FE59560DFB46FEA5A653FEB3" box="[1275,1361,349,373]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[136,167,1377,1396]" captionTargetBox="[139,1411,814,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-7@7.[136,913,794,1373]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Phylogenetic tree of Pseudasphondylia species based on DNA partial COI region. (A) Bayesian tree of Pseudasphondylia species, supported values are shown beside nodes with the Bayesian posterior probability (lift) and ultrafast bootstrap of the IQ tree (right). Taxa with different colors refer to distinct species based on summarized results of species delimitation (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery analysis). (B) Cladogram of Pseudasphondylia kiwiphila sp. nov. lineage in IQ tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12826608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12826608/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
) but not the BI tree. Leaf gallers of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE59560DFB28FE85A662FE53" authorityName="Monzen" authorityYear="1955" box="[1173,1376,381,405]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFB28FE85A662FE53" box="[1173,1376,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudasphondylia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE59560DFACFFE86A0A0FE73" authorityName="Tokuda &amp; Yukawa" authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaeocarpi">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFACFFE86A0A0FE73" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. elaeocarpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE59560DFC5FFE66A76AFE73" box="[994,1128,413,437]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saohimea">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFC5FFE66A76AFE73" box="[994,1128,413,437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. saohimea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, situated at the stem part of the tree and formed a paraphyletic group, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE59560DFC90FE25A745FE33" box="[813,1095,477,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFC90FE25A0F3FE33" box="[813,1009,477,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Pseudasphondylia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
including all flower-bud and fruit gallers formed a monophyletic clade (PP: 0.51 and ML: 40%). This clade is further divided into
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE59560DFAA6FDE5A67FFDF3" box="[1307,1405,541,565]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Actinidiaceae" genus="Actinidia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFAA6FDE5A67FFDF3" box="[1307,1405,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Actinidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- associated species,
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE59560DFC46FDC6A77BFD93" authorityName="Hidaka &amp; Yang &amp; Wakabayashi" authorityYear="2022" box="[1019,1145,573,597]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiwiphila" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFC46FDC6A77BFD93" box="[1019,1145,573,597]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. kiwiphila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357BDFE59560DFB3DFDC6A7D1FD93" box="[1152,1235,574,597]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE59560DFABBFDC6A67DFD93" baseAuthorityName="Yuasa &amp; Kumazawa" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[1286,1407,573,597]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matatabi">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFABBFDC6A67DFD93" box="[1286,1407,573,597]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. matatabi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (PP: 1 and ML: 97%) and Japanese species on other hosts (PP: 0.62 and ML: 95%).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCB36D4FE595602FCD4FD66A19BFE70" blockId="7.[813,1417,253,758]" lastBlockId="8.[174,775,253,438]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
In
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE59560DFC37FD65A0F0FD73" box="[906,1010,669,693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Actinidiaceae" genus="Actinidia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFC37FD65A0F0FD73" box="[906,1010,669,693]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Actinidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-associated species, the divergence time for the two species was estimated to be 2.2–2.9 mya (
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE59560DFC75FD26A0F4FD33" box="[968,1014,734,757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">COI</emphasis>
genetic distance: 5.1–6.7%). At the interspecific level, Taiwanese individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE565602FD34FF06A005FED3" authorityName="Hidaka &amp; Yang &amp; Wakabayashi" authorityYear="2022" box="[649,775,253,277]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiwiphila" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE565602FD34FF06A005FED3" box="[649,775,253,277]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. kiwiphila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23357BDFE565602FF13FEE6A207FEF3" box="[174,261,286,309]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
were paraphyletic to the Japanese individual. Taiwanese taxa of
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE565602FEC2FEC6A113FE93" authorityName="Tokuda &amp; Yukawa" authorityYear="2005" box="[383,529,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaeocarpi">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE565602FEC2FEC6A113FE93" box="[383,529,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. elaeocarpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reconfirmed as a sister group of Japanese
<taxonomicName id="4C744D57FE565602FE7DFEA6A152FEB3" authorityName="Tokuda &amp; Yukawa" authorityYear="2005" box="[448,592,349,373]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Pseudasphondylia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaeocarpi">
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE565602FE7DFEA6A152FEB3" box="[448,592,349,373]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. elaeocarpi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(PP: 1 and ML: 100%), and their divergence time was estimated to be around 1.2 mya (
<emphasis id="B900EAC6FE565602FED9FE66A290FE73" box="[356,402,414,437]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">COI</emphasis>
genetic distance: 2.7%).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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