113 lines
13 KiB
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113 lines
13 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="72E68313CD4554FA9629798938230953">The first fossil spider cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Phalangopsinae): 20 million years of troglobiomorphosis or exaptation in the dark?</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="23A199A484BE96AD561D418F031FF1A1">Heads, Sam W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="ED263B1C167674A08D015E43DE3137AB">2010</mods:date>
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TRIBE
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<taxonomicName id="FFC84D36FFCC8D012A95CC8A2B75F94B" authority="HEBARD, 1928" box="[1011,1295,1751,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Luzarini">
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LUZARINI
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<bibRefCitation id="5C594B44FFCC8D012D01CC8A2B75F94B" author="Hebard M" box="[1127,1295,1751,1772]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref6357" refString="Hebard M. 1928. The group Luzarae of the subfamily Phalangopsinae (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 54: 1 - 56, pls 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1928">HEBARD, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="387736B5FFCC8D012A40CCA02A2AF8B5" blockId="1.[806,1279,1789,1903]" box="[806,1104,1789,1811]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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Luzarae
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<bibRefCitation id="5C594B44FFCC8D012AE8CCA02A30F8B5" author="Hebard M" box="[910,1098,1789,1811]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref6357" refString="Hebard M. 1928. The group Luzarae of the subfamily Phalangopsinae (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 54: 1 - 56, pls 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1928">Hebard, 1928: 1</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="70D2653EFFCC8D012A40CD412A85F8E8" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="387736B5FFCC8D012A40CD412A2FF896" blockId="1.[806,1279,1789,1903]" box="[806,1109,1820,1842]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName id="FFC84D36FFCC8D012A40CD412A35F896" authority="Hebard, 1928: 1" authorityName="Hebard" authorityPageNumber="1" authorityYear="1928" box="[806,1103,1820,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Luzarini">
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Luzarini
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<bibRefCitation id="5C594B44FFCC8D012AF4CD412A35F896" author="Hebard M" box="[914,1103,1820,1842]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 56" refId="ref6357" refString="Hebard M. 1928. The group Luzarae of the subfamily Phalangopsinae (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 54: 1 - 56, pls 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1928">Hebard, 1928: 1</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="387736B5FFCC8D012A40CD672A85F8E8" blockId="1.[806,1279,1789,1903]" box="[806,1279,1850,1872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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<treatmentCitation id="B96910A4FFCC8D012A40CD672A83F8E8" author="Desutter-Grandcolas L" box="[806,1273,1850,1872]" page="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" year="1993">
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<taxonomicName id="FFC84D36FFCC8D012A40CD672A83F8E8" ID-CoL="8NKX9" authority="Desutter-Grandcolas, 1993: 1" authorityName="Desutter-Grandcolas" authorityPageNumber="1" authorityYear="1993" box="[806,1273,1850,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Luzarinae">
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Luzarinae
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<bibRefCitation id="5C594B44FFCC8D012AC3CD672A83F8E8" author="Desutter-Grandcolas L" box="[933,1273,1850,1872]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref5975" refString="Desutter-Grandcolas L. 1993. The cricket fauna of Chipanecan caves (Mexico), systematics, phylogeny and the evolution towards troglobitic life (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae, Luzarinae). International Journal of Speleology 22: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1993">Desutter-Grandcolas, 1993: 1</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<paragraph id="387736B5FFCC8D012A40CD042ACAF8C8" blockId="1.[806,1279,1789,1903]" box="[806,1200,1881,1903]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="0ABCEAA7FFCC8D012A40CD042A72F8C9" box="[806,1032,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">
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<typeStatus id="E7738817FFCC8D012A40CD042D20F8C9" box="[806,858,1881,1902]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57">Type</typeStatus>
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genus: Luzara
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5C594B44FFCC8D012D74CD042AD6F8C8" author="Walker F" box="[1042,1196,1881,1903]" pageId="1" pageNumber="57" refId="ref6955" refString="Walker F. 1869. Catalogue of the specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria and Supplement to the Blattariae in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 1. London: British Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="1869">Walker, 1869</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="387736B5FFCF8D0229C2CA9B2C38FD00" blockId="2.[164,779,198,679]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="0ABCEAA7FFCF8D0229C2CA9B2F75FF7C" box="[164,271,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">Remarks:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5C594B44FFCF8D02287ECA9B2CFBFF7B" author="Desutter-Grandcolas L" box="[280,641,198,220]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="93 - 177" refId="ref5936" refString="Desutter-Grandcolas L. 1992. Les Phalangopsidae de Guyane francaise (Orthopteres, Grylloidea) systematique, elements de phylogenie et de biologie. Bulletin de Museum National de Histoire Naturelle, Paris 14: 93 - 177." type="journal article" year="1992">Desutter-Grandcolas (1992: 95)</bibRefCitation>
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defined the
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<taxonomicName id="FFC84D36FFCF8D0229C2CAB92F7CFF5D" box="[164,262,228,250]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Luzarini">Luzarini</taxonomicName>
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based on the morphology of the male genitalia, stating that ‘chez les
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<taxonomicName id="FFC84D36FFCF8D022888CB5E2C19FEBE" authorityName="Desutter-Grandcolas" authorityYear="1993" box="[494,611,259,281]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Luzarinae">Luzarinae</taxonomicName>
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[
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<emphasis id="0ABCEAA7FFCF8D022B11CB592CEFFEBE" box="[631,661,260,281]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="58">sic</emphasis>
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], toute la partie médiane de l’épiphalle est régressée, notamment les lophi médians; d’autre part, les “bras épiphalliques” ainsi formés acquièrent une structure complex, avec généralement une ou deux zones de rupture ou d’articulation et des épines latérales’. The retrograde median region of the epiphallus is unique amongst
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<taxonomicName id="FFC84D36FFCF8D02286ACB842F0BFE48" box="[268,369,473,495]" class="Insecta" family="Phalangopsidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Luzarini">Luzarini</taxonomicName>
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, and is likely to be apomorphic. The complex ‘bras épiphalliques’, or ‘epiphallic arms’, and their lateral lobes are highly variable: their morphology and spatial associations with the epiphallic parameres have proved very useful at lower taxonomic levels (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="5C594B44FFCF8D0228E6C82F2CC1FD20" author="Desutter-Grandcolas L" box="[384,699,626,648]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="93 - 177" refId="ref5936" refString="Desutter-Grandcolas L. 1992. Les Phalangopsidae de Guyane francaise (Orthopteres, Grylloidea) systematique, elements de phylogenie et de biologie. Bulletin de Museum National de Histoire Naturelle, Paris 14: 93 - 177." type="journal article" year="1992">Desutter-Grandcolas, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="5C594B44FFCF8D022BABC82F2D7CFD20" author="Desutter-Grandcolas L" box="[717,774,626,647]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref5975" refString="Desutter-Grandcolas L. 1993. The cricket fauna of Chipanecan caves (Mexico), systematics, phylogeny and the evolution towards troglobitic life (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae, Luzarinae). International Journal of Speleology 22: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="5C594B44FFCF8D0229C2C8CC2C4CFD00" author="Desutter-Grandcolas L & Otte D" box="[164,566,657,679]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" pagination="101 - 128" refId="ref6116" refString="Desutter-Grandcolas L, Otte D. 1997. Revision of the West Indian genus Amphiacusta Saussure, 1874, with descriptions of twenty new species (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae). Annales de Societe Entomologique de France 33: 101 - 128." type="journal article" year="1997">Desutter-Grandcolas & Otte, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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