treatments-xml/data/3C/E1/46/3CE146EA661D5DECA662A3138B606764.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.103.26162" ID-PMC="PMC6060228" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-103-83" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFB7F262FF9FFFADDA00FFF71A0CFFEA" ID-PubMed="30057478" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1321399" ModsDocID="1314-2003-103-83" checkinTime="1531987424276" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Peterson, Paul M., Arrieta, Yolanda Herrera &amp; Romaschenko, Konstantin" docDate="2018" docId="3CE146EA661D5DECA662A3138B606764" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 103: 83-94" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 103" docPubDate="2018-07-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.103.26162" docTitle="Muhlenbergia spatha Columbus, Aliso 28: 66. 2010, non Muhlenbergia gracilis (Kunth) Trin. (1824)." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFB7F262FF9FFFADDA00FFF71A0CFFEA" lastPageNumber="83" masterDocId="FFB7F262FF9FFFADDA00FFF71A0CFFEA" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny of Muhlenbergia subg. Pseudosporobolus, including M. spatha (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) now found in Zacatecas, Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="83" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1668138978364" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Phylogeny of Muhlenbergia subg. Pseudosporobolus, including M. spatha (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) now found in Zacatecas, Mexico</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Peterson, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">peterson@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Arrieta, Yolanda Herrera</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Politecnico Nacional, CIIDIR Unidad Durango-COFAA, Durango C. P. 34220, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Romaschenko, Konstantin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2018-07-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>103</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>83</mods:start>
<mods:end>94</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.103.26162</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.103.26162</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-103-83</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFB7F262FF9FFFADDA00FFF71A0CFFEA</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1321399</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224976" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3CE146EA661D5DECA662A3138B606764" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3CE146EA661D5DECA662A3138B606764" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName LSID="3CE146EA-661D-5DEC-A662-A3138B606764" authority="Columbus, Aliso 28: 66. 2010, non Muhlenbergia gracilis (Kunth) Trin. (1824)." authorityName="Columbus, Aliso 28: 66. 2010, non Muhlenbergia gracilis (Kunth) Trin. (1824)." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia spatha" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spatha">Muhlenbergia spatha Columbus, Aliso 28: 66. 2010, non Muhlenbergia gracilis (Kunth) Trin. (1824).</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Muhlenbergia spatha: A Habit B Panicle partially enclosed by the leaf sheath C Basal panicle branch with a lower sterile floret and small cuplike structures (callus remains) where the fertile spikelets were inserted D Spikelet, side view E Upper glume showing three recurved awns, dorsal view. (Peterson 25544 &amp; Herrera Arrieta, CIIDIR)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.103.26162.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/217701" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Fig. 2A-D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benth" authorityYear="1882" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Schaffnera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schaffnera gracilis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">Schaffnera gracilis</taxonomicName>
Benth., 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hooker’s">Hooker's</normalizedToken>
Icon. Pl. 14: 59, t. 1378. 1882. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nash" authorityYear="1912" baseAuthorityName="Benth." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Schaffnerella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schaffnerella gracilis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilis">Schaffnerella gracilis</taxonomicName>
(Benth.) Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17(2): 141. 1912, non 
<taxonomicName class="Polypodiopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Schaffneria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schaffneria" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Schaffneria</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fée">Fee</normalizedToken>
ex T. Moore (1857). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="P. M. Peterson" authorityYear="2010" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia columbi" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="columbi">Muhlenbergia columbi</taxonomicName>
P.M. Peterson, Amer. J. Bot. 97(9): 1543. 2010, nom. illeg. superfl. Type: Mexico, San Luis 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
, mountains of San Miguelita, Aug 1876, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">J.G. Schaffner 1070</emphasis>
(holotype: K-000309066 [image!]; isotypes PH-00022592 [image!], US-397116!, YU-063983 [image!]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
Delicate 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">annuals</emphasis>
, loosely caespitose. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Culms</emphasis>
5-20(-30) cm tall, erect, geniculate below; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">nodes</emphasis>
scaberulous, branching at lower and middle nodes; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">internodes</emphasis>
2.0-4.5(-8.0) cm long, strongly 4-6 ribbed. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Leaves</emphasis>
caulescent and basal; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">ligules</emphasis>
0.8-1.8 mm long, membranous, decurrent, apex obtuse, minutely erose; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">sheaths</emphasis>
0.8-1.5 cm long, much shorter than the internodes, oblong, open, chartaceous, strongly ribbed with 7-9-veins, sometimes keeled, margins hyaline; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">blades</emphasis>
0.5-4 cm long, 0.5-1.5 mm wide, flat or folded, adaxially scattered pubescent near base, the hairs antrorse leaning, apex obtuse. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Inflorescences</emphasis>
compound, fasciculate, composed of terminal and axillary condensed 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">panicles</emphasis>
, these branched near the base, the basal-most branch usually with a sterile floret at the base consisting of two scales, the entire panicle partially included in a spatheolate sheath; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">sterile florets</emphasis>
2-4 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, linear-apiculate, flat, hyaline, 1-veined; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">racemose branches</emphasis>
each bearing 1-5 fertile sessile spikelets, the spikelets separated by 1-4 mm on each branch; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">rachis</emphasis>
angular, 3 or 4-ribbed. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Spikelets</emphasis>
4.4-6 mm long, lanceolate, laterally compressed, solitary, composed of one fertile floret, plumbeous-mottled; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">rachilla</emphasis>
not extended; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">callus</emphasis>
short, blunt, pubescent, located just below the glumes where disarticulation occurs leaving a small cuplike tip; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">glumes</emphasis>
dimorphic; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">lower glumes</emphasis>
absent or obscure; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">upper glumes</emphasis>
3.5-5(-6) mm long, about as long as the lemma, oblong, chartaceous, firmer than fertile lemma (excluding the awns), 7-9-veined, lateral veins ribbed, pubescent along the veins on lower 
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
, apex deeply bifid and 3(5)-awned, the awns 5-7 mm long, scabrous, recurved, arising between the bifid apex; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">lemmas</emphasis>
(4-)4.8-6 mm long, lanceolate, membranous, 3-veined, keeled, midvein scaberulous, lateral veins ribbed, apex acute to acuminate, minutely bifid, 1-awned, the awn 3-5 mm long arising from between the teeth; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">paleas</emphasis>
3.7-5.5 mm long, shorter than the lemmas, oblong, hyaline to membranous, tightly involute, 2-veined, apex obtuse, unawned; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">stamens</emphasis>
3; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">anthers</emphasis>
2-2.5 mm long, yellowish; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">ovary</emphasis>
glabrous; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">caryopses</emphasis>
1.8-2 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, narrowly fusiform, straw coloured.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1321445" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.103.26162.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/217701" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia spatha" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spatha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Muhlenbergia spatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">A</emphasis>
Habit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">B</emphasis>
Panicle partially enclosed by the leaf sheath 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">C</emphasis>
Basal panicle branch with a lower sterile floret and small cuplike structures (callus remains) where the fertile spikelets were inserted 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">D</emphasis>
Spikelet, side view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">E</emphasis>
Upper glume showing three recurved awns, dorsal view. (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Peterson 25544 &amp; Herrera Arrieta</emphasis>
, CIIDIR).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
The species is known only from the type locality in San Luis 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
and Municipio Villanueva, Zacatecas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia spatha" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spatha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Muhlenbergia spatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found by the authors growing on flat table rock in open areas near arroyos associated with 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Bouteloua" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bouteloua hirsuta" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="hirsuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Bouteloua hirsuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lag., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="B. curtipendula" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="curtipendula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">B. curtipendula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Michx.) Torr., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alston" authorityYear="1931" baseAuthorityName="Retz." class="Equisetopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Schizachyrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schizachyrium sanguineum" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="sanguineum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Schizachyrium sanguineum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Retz.) Alston, 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juniperus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Coniferophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Juniperus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia implicata" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="implicata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Muhlenbergia implicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Trin., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. phleoides" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="phleoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">M. phleoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="IPNI" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. rigida" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">M. rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Kunth, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1816" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chloris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chloris submutica" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="submutica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Chloris submutica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kunth, 
<taxonomicName class="Equisetopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Digitaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Digitaria ternata" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="ternata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Digitaria ternata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A. Rich.) Stapf, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Desv" authorityYear="1831" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Microchloa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Microchloa kunthii" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="kunthii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Microchloa kunthii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Desv., 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aristida adscensionis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="adscensionis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Aristida adscensionis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. divaricata" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="divaricata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">A. divaricata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Humb. &amp; Bonpl. ex Willd., 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Enneapogon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Enneapogon desvauxii" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="desvauxii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Enneapogon desvauxii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
P. Beauv., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hitchc" authorityYear="1933" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Piptochaetium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Piptochaetium fimbriatum" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fimbriatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Piptochaetium fimbriatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Hitchc., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hitchc" authorityYear="1933" class="Equisetopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Eragrostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eragrostis intermedia" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Eragrostis intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hitchc., 
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. pectincea" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="pectincea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">E. pectincea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Michx.) Nees and 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Eleusine" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eleusine multiflora" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="multiflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Eleusine multiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hochst. ex A. Rich.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
At the southern edge of the Sierra Madre Occidental Range in the Sierra 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fría">Fria</normalizedToken>
de Aguascalientes, we recently found 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia spatha" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spatha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Muhlenbergia spatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in two localities south of the city of Zacatecas in a corridor located east of Villanueva: 1) 17.4 km east of Villanueva on flat table rock just above Arroyo &quot;El Muerto&quot; in open areas and 2) about 1 km northeast of the small village Palomas Viejas along Arroyo Juan Manuel on natural grasslands near cultivated fields. These two sites are approximately 204 km W (air distance) from the type locality southwest of San Luis 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
in the Sierra de San Miguelito along the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Potosino (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5642/aliso.20012001.08" author="Columbus, JT" journalOrPublisher="Aliso" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="45 - 90" refId="B4" refString="Columbus, JT, Bell, HL, Cerros-Tlatilpa, R, Griffith, MP, Porter, JM, 2001. Schaffnerella rediscovered! (Gramineae, Chloridoideae). Aliso 20: 45 - 90, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5642/aliso.20012001.08" title="Schaffnerella rediscovered! (Gramineae, Chloridoideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5642/aliso.20012001.08" volume="20" year="2001">Columbus et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
). According to Instituto Nacional de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estadística">Estadistica</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Geografía">Geografia</normalizedToken>
e 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Informática">Informatica</normalizedToken>
[INEGI] (2003, 2005), the Sierra San Miguelito is placed in the Mesa del Centro Province in the Sierra Madre Oriental. Near Villanueva, Zacatecas, the soils are Haplic Phaeozem (forming sodium carbonate, Na2CO3) over extrusive igneous rock (acidic) in a semi-dry climate with an annual mean temperature of 16°C and an annual mean precipitation of 60 cm (
<bibRefCitation author="INEGI" journalOrPublisher="Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Y Tecnologia, Mexico D. F." pageId="0" pageNumber="83" publicationUrl="http://www.inegi.org.mx/" refId="B9" refString="INEGI, 2008a. Cartas climatologicas. Conjunto de datos vectoriales. Escala 1:1 000000. http://www.inegi.org.mx/" title="Cartas climatologicas. Conjunto de datos vectoriales. Escala 1: 1 000000." url="http://www.inegi.org.mx/" year="2008 a">INEGI 2008a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="INEGI" journalOrPublisher="Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Y Tecnologia, Mexico D. F." pageId="0" pageNumber="83" publicationUrl="http://www.inegi.org.mx/" refId="B10" refString="INEGI, 2008b. Perfiles de Suelos, Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Conjunto de datos vectoriales. Escala 1:1000000. http://www.inegi.org.mx/" title="Perfiles de Suelos, Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Conjunto de datos vectoriales. Escala 1: 1000000." url="http://www.inegi.org.mx/" year="2008 b">2008b</bibRefCitation>
). In the Sierra de San Miguelito along the Rio Potosino, the soils are Calcic Regosol (forming calcium carbonate, CaCO3) of medium texture over extrusive igneous rock (acidic) in a semi-dry climate with an annual mean temperature of 16 °C and an annual mean precipitation of 40 cm (
<bibRefCitation author="INEGI" journalOrPublisher="Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Y Tecnologia, Mexico D. F." pageId="0" pageNumber="83" publicationUrl="http://www.inegi.org.mx/" refId="B9" refString="INEGI, 2008a. Cartas climatologicas. Conjunto de datos vectoriales. Escala 1:1 000000. http://www.inegi.org.mx/" title="Cartas climatologicas. Conjunto de datos vectoriales. Escala 1: 1 000000." url="http://www.inegi.org.mx/" year="2008 a">INEGI 2008a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="INEGI" journalOrPublisher="Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Y Tecnologia, Mexico D. F." pageId="0" pageNumber="83" publicationUrl="http://www.inegi.org.mx/" refId="B10" refString="INEGI, 2008b. Perfiles de Suelos, Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Conjunto de datos vectoriales. Escala 1:1000000. http://www.inegi.org.mx/" title="Perfiles de Suelos, Estados Unidos Mexicanos. Conjunto de datos vectoriales. Escala 1: 1000000." url="http://www.inegi.org.mx/" year="2008 b">2008b</bibRefCitation>
). Without field verification, it is uncertain whether the soil differences among these sites are significant, but we are reasonably certain that all are alkaline with an elevated pH.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">The species is rare in Mexico and is known from only three recent collections. Since it is a diminutive, short-lived annual, the species is easily overlooked and the main concern seems to be loss of habitat via human impact, i.e. agriculture, dam and road construction.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2001-10-02" collectorName="J. G. Schaffner, J. T. Columbus" country="Mexico" elevation="1980" latitude="22.081945" location="Rio Potosino" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-101.06417" municipality="Sierra de San Miguelito" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="San Luis Potosi">
<collectingCountry name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<collectingRegion country="Mexico" name="San Luis Potosi">
San Luis 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 1876, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<collectorName>J.G. Schaffner</collectorName>
134
</emphasis>
(GOET-006918 [image!], US-825687); 
<collectingMunicipality>Sierra de San Miguelito</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3CE146EA661D5DECA662A3138B606764:292B886A9679CDDA4AB175BCD2C5E047" country="Mexico" latitude="22.081945" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-101.06417" municipality="Sierra de San Miguelito" name="Rio Potosino" stateProvince="San Luis Potosi">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Potosino
</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="55" value="22.081945">22°04'55&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="west" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-101.06417">101°03'51&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" unit="m" value="1980.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" unit="m" value="1980.0">1980 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="2001-10-02">2 Oct 2001</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<collectorName>J.T. Columbus</collectorName>
4040
</emphasis>
(RSA [image! in 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5642/aliso.20012001.08" author="Columbus, JT" journalOrPublisher="Aliso" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="45 - 90" refId="B4" refString="Columbus, JT, Bell, HL, Cerros-Tlatilpa, R, Griffith, MP, Porter, JM, 2001. Schaffnerella rediscovered! (Gramineae, Chloridoideae). Aliso 20: 45 - 90, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5642/aliso.20012001.08" title="Schaffnerella rediscovered! (Gramineae, Chloridoideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5642/aliso.20012001.08" volume="20" year="2001">Columbus et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
])
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2006-10-22" collectingDateMax="2015-10-02" collectingDateMin="2006-10-22" collectorName="Y. Herrera Arrieta, P. M. Peterson" country="RSA" county="Villanueva" elevation="2112" latitude="22.37975" location="Villanueva" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.72542" municipality="Arroyo Juan Manuel" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Zacatecas">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Zacatecas">Zacatecas</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Mpio. 
<collectingCounty>Villanueva</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Arroyo Juan Manuel</collectingMunicipality>
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
<locationDeviation location="Palomas Viejas">
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
NE of Palomas Viejas
</locationDeviation>
near 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3CE146EA661D5DECA662A3138B606764:DBA722C1C54EF85A6583EF8A48C6847D" country="RSA" county="Villanueva" latitude="22.37975" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.72542" municipality="Arroyo Juan Manuel" name="Villanueva" stateProvince="Zacatecas">Villanueva</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="22.41">22°24'36&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="102" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="01" value="-102.71694">102°43'01&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1119999999999997" unit="m" value="2112.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1119999999999997" unit="m" value="2112.0">2112 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="2006-10-22">22 Oct 2006</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
O. 
<taxonomicName kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" rank="order">Rosales</taxonomicName>
3490 &amp; 
<collectorName>Y. Herrera Arrieta</collectorName>
</emphasis>
(CIIDIR); Mpio 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3CE146EA661D5DECA662A3138B606764:EFE642096DCCFE8766EF1F8F106C0A21" country="RSA" county="Villanueva" latitude="22.37975" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-102.72542" municipality="Arroyo Juan Manuel" name="Villanueva" stateProvince="Zacatecas">Villanueva</location>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73809152" unit="mi" value="10.8">10.8 mi</quantity>
[
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7399999999999998" unit="km" value="17.4">17.4 km</quantity>
] 
<locationDeviation location="Villanueva">E of Villanueva</locationDeviation>
, just above arroyo &quot;El Muerto&quot;, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="47.1" value="22.37975">22°22'47.1&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="102" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="31.5" value="-102.72542">102°43'31.5&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.083" unit="m" value="2083.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.083" unit="m" value="2083.0">2083 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="2015-10-02">2 Oct 2015</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<collectorName>P.M. Peterson</collectorName>
25544 &amp; 
<collectorName>Y. Herrera Arrieta</collectorName>
</emphasis>
(CIIDIR,
</materialsCitation>
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="83" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
The hand written script (verified by J. Rzedowski, per. comm., also see 
<bibRefCitation author="Rzedowski, J" journalOrPublisher="Acta Cientifica Potosina" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" pagination="99 - 121" refId="B21" refString="Rzedowski, J, 1959. Las colecciones botanicas de Wilhelm (Jose Guillermo) Schaffner en San Luis Potosi. I. Acta Cientifica Potosina 3: 99 - 121" title="Las colecciones botanicas de Wilhelm (Jose Guillermo) Schaffner en San Luis Potosi. I." volume="3" year="1959">Rzedowski 1959</bibRefCitation>
) on the label of the holotype (K) says: &quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müehlenbergia">Mueehlenbergia</normalizedToken>
gracilis mihi
</emphasis>
&quot;, indicating that Jose Guillermo Schaffner thought he had collected a new species of 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="83">Muhlenbergia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Bentham, G" pageId="0" pageNumber="83" refId="B2" refString="Bentham, G, 1882. Plate 1378. Schaffnera gracilis, Benth. Gramineae, Tribe Zoysieae? Hooker's Icones Plantarum 14: 59." title="Plate 1378. Schaffnera gracilis, Benth. Gramineae, Tribe Zoysieae? Hooker's Icones Plantarum 14: 59." year="1882">Bentham (1882)</bibRefCitation>
agreed with Schaffner that it was a new species but thought it had enough unique morphological features (spatheolate sheathed panicles, sessile spikelets and 3(5)-awned upper glumes) to warrant description of a new genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>