171 lines
20 KiB
XML
171 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="DE9037174025A5F72A0B1669FF53AFF8" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4258.3.1SLASH10916" ID-CLB-Dataset="33146" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4258.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="97942778-cef4-4cf6-b4e4-c077e633daa8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="569729" ID-ZooBank="DE89E162-B255-474C-A824-20DFA551DBBD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1493363817835" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Penz, Carla M., Casagrande, Mirna M., Devries, Phil & Simonsen, Thomas J." docDate="2017" docId="03BB87F4FFABFF8EE1FF2012BB94F9CE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4258.3.1SLASH10916.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4258 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bia actorion Linnaeus" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="208" masterDocId="FF82FF8CFFACFF89E1682278BA7DFFFC" masterDocTitle="Documenting diversity in the Amazonian butterfly genus Bia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)" masterLastPageNumber="237" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="208" updateTime="1698439134094" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="3B712CDCF64E16773A9CA90A9086F388" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="764F2FC4C3D1DD58DA2E0B6FEC645C48">
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<mods:title id="237B4676EABA4FB8384B08933A906633">Documenting diversity in the Amazonian butterfly genus Bia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="EC4E212D14CC70E72D5665CBE314C278" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B145F960A038C3482D942DE52F90F193">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="028711302ECBFABA02E0C95748A9469A">Penz, Carla M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C907664FED3735EAEF750A3E5148EC41" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F9BDB7097F67B187F2D92025595D14F1">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2BA5231DAC64562A93F25B5A37CA83BE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="ED0E5DAF4469E13D1ED3716CD51A817F">Casagrande, Mirna M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="009B37B87A8B987DBE36B76645182892">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="50CEA494B7824D445A6C9B213590EE04">Devries, Phil</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="835E6F730791252B7E9A7643586A5473" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0878E91E2B05DA82A08B6E9F181923C3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C61ECB4713F36BF64773DE8836208DFC">Simonsen, Thomas J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BE2B4A20CCD38141CCCB947F6EBDDA7E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5E65F682864A0C35BEB902A0C4265C22">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="9913B46D6F26086CB74C5C4989474808">
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<mods:date id="055D270B202E7A4EB702DAD56E5F7559">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="138569DA0584B23994AF0B7BB22EBF53">4258</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0FBE6C2014BFAC1CDAEA5454389147EC">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B1380207F94698936009C49AF6CA9D37">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BE5F345742B77E05F54DC94A5DB48398" type="CLB-Dataset">33146</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BB87F4FFABFF8EE1FF2012BB94F9CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6017369" ID-GBIF-Taxon="128810408" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6017369" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87F4FFABFF8EE1FF2012BB94F9CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB87F4FFABFF8EE1FF2012BB94F9CE" lastPageNumber="208" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
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<subSubSection id="C3086569FFABFF8EE1FF2012BBEEFD5A" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36E2FFABFF8EE1FF2012BBC1FD78" blockId="7.[151,444,618,678]" box="[151,444,618,644]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
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<heading id="D0E5818EFFABFF8EE1FF2012BBC1FD78" bold="true" box="[151,444,618,644]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D61FFABFF8EE1FF2012BBC1FD78" ID-CoL="LQ8G" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[151,444,618,644]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="actorion">
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<emphasis id="B966EAF0FFABFF8EE1FF2012BBC1FD78" bold="true" box="[151,444,618,644]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
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<emphasis id="B966EAF0FFABFF8EE1FF2012BB50FD78" bold="true" box="[151,301,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Bia actorion</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36E2FFABFF8EE1FF20F5BBEEFD5A" blockId="7.[151,444,618,678]" box="[151,403,653,678]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13292A67FFABFF8EE1F720F5BA8EFD5A" box="[159,243,653,678]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[171,1398,423,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,414,1880]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. a, iconotype of Bia actorion; b, lectotype of Bia peruana (SMT); c, holotype of Bia actorion rebeli (NRM); d, male and female Bia actorion showing characters used in the diagnoses (see Methods for explanation). Codes: 1 — DFW white apical ocelli, 2 — DFW orange band, 3 — DFW iridescent band, 4 — DFW androconial scales at the CuA-CuA 1 - CuA 2 intersection, 5 — DHW discal androconial pad, 6 — DHW discal hairpencil, 7 — VFW ripple pattern of the postmedial area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/569730/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Figs 1a</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13292A67FFABFF8EE06820F6BB6DFD5A" box="[256,272,654,678]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1853,1875]" captionTargetBox="[247,1326,215,1779]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[205,1373,193,1811]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Adults in dorsal and ventral views. Taxon names appear below each set. Bia actorion actorion: a, male, Guyana, Kartabo (CMNH); b, female, Guyana, Two Hat Mountain, E Kanukus S Rupununi (USNM). Bia actorion ecuatoria DeVries & Penz, new ssp.: c, male holotype, Ecuador, Sucumbios, Garza Cocha (PJD); d, female paratype, Ecuador, Sucumbios, Garza Cocha (PJD). Bia actorion occulta Casagrande & Penz, new ssp.: e, male holotype, Brazil, Pará, Acará (DZUP); f, female paratype, Brazil, Pará, Sto Antonio do Tauá (DZUP). Intermediate between actorion and decaerulea: g, male, Suriname (RMNH); h, male, Suriname, Coronie (RMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/569732/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13292A67FFABFF8EE07420F5BB48FD5A" box="[284,309,653,678]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[184,1395,202,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[174,1410,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Genitalia. a, male actorion, Guyana (dissection Penz 12 - 01, CMNH); b, female actorion, Guyana (dissection Penz 10 - 02, LACM; scale bar different from male illustrations); c, male decaerulea, Lectotype, Brazil, Pará, Faro, (dissection Miller 9047, MfN); d, male rebeli, Peru, San Martín (dissection Penz 10 - 08, USNM); e, male caelestis, paratype, Brazil, Amazonas, São Paulo de Olivença (dissection Penz 10 - 29, CMNH); f, male pucallpa, Peru, Pucallpa (USUSNM 2041410); g, male peruana, Peru, Huanuco, Rio Pichis (dissection Penz 09 - 06, FLMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/569741/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">11</figureCitation>
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a–b, 12)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3086569FFABFF8EE1FF20AEB9C8FA16" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAD36E2FFABFF8EE1FF20AEBB53FD12" blockId="7.[151,1437,725,1586]" box="[151,302,725,750]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36E2FFABFF8EE1AF2081B958FAEE" blockId="7.[151,1437,725,1586]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
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<materialsCitation id="3B7A3CBFFFABFF8EE1AF2081B957FB7E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1499315718" country="Venezuela" location="northern Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
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<emphasis id="B966EAF0FFABFF8EE1AF2081BB80FCEE" bold="true" box="[199,509,761,786]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Diagnostic re-description.</emphasis>
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General characters as described for the genus. (1) MF DFW white apical ocelli small to large. (2) MF DFW orange band varies from thin (
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<collectingCountry id="F3057672FFABFF8EE2382165B9B5FCCA" box="[848,968,797,822]" name="Venezuela" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, Alto Orinoco) to medium-wide; orange scales extended proximally along veins, including the anterior tip of discal cell in some specimens (
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<collectingCountry id="F3057672FFABFF8EE4272139BFE5FCA6" box="[1359,1432,833,858]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49D6F800FFABFF8EE1FF211EBB6DFC82" box="[151,272,870,894]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
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, Manaus, but not all specimens). (3) M DFW iridescent band from anal margin to approximately half of the CuA2 cell (one specimen from
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<collectingCountry id="F3057672FFABFF8EE34421F1B8E2FC5E" box="[556,671,905,930]" name="Venezuela" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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with DFW iridescence clearly reaching CuA2); F DFW iridescent band well developed but variable; usually broad below CuA2, and more extended towards tornus than those of female
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D61FFABFF8EE18221AFBB94FC13" box="[234,489,983,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="decaerulea" variety="decaerulea">
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<emphasis id="B966EAF0FFABFF8EE18221AFBB94FC13" box="[234,489,983,1007]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">decaerulea decaerulea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D61FFABFF8EE34821AFB81DFC13" box="[544,608,983,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rebeli">
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<emphasis id="B966EAF0FFABFF8EE34821AFB81DFC13" box="[544,608,983,1007]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">rebeli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. (4) M DFW androconial organ on the CuA-CuA1-CuA2 intersection dark brown, matching scale color of surrounding area. This character is shared by
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D61FFABFF8EE2932186BE07FBE9" box="[1019,1146,1022,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="actorion">
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<emphasis id="B966EAF0FFABFF8EE2932186BE07FBE9" box="[1019,1146,1022,1045]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">B. actorion</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C124D61FFABFF8EE5D92186BF31FBE9" box="[1201,1356,1021,1045]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decaerulea">
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<emphasis id="B966EAF0FFABFF8EE5D92186BF31FBE9" box="[1201,1356,1021,1045]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">B. decaerulea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. (5) M DHW discal androconial pad varies from being nearly black and darker than associated hairpencil (
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<collectingCountry id="F3057672FFABFF8EE4772659BFE5FBC6" box="[1311,1432,1057,1082]" name="Venezuela" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="F3057672FFABFF8EE1FF263EBA8FFBA2" box="[151,242,1094,1118]" name="Guyana" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="F3057672FFABFF8EE069263DBB0DFBA2" box="[257,368,1093,1118]" name="Suriname" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Suriname</collectingCountry>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="F3057672FFABFF8EE016263DBBB8FBA2" box="[382,453,1093,1118]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, Manaus) to dark brown and of similar color to hairpencil (photos from Colombian specimens,
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<collectingCountry id="F3057672FFABFF8EE0732611BB07FB7E" box="[283,378,1129,1154]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="8ECD6039FFABFF8EE0EE2611B859FB7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87F4FFABFF8EE1FF2012BB94F9CE:8ECD6039FFABFF8EE0EE2611B859FB7D" box="[390,548,1129,1154]" country="Venezuela" name="northern Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" stateProvince="Amazonas">northern Peru</location>
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;
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<collectingCountry id="F3057672FFABFF8EE3582611B80AFB7E" box="[560,631,1129,1154]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, northern
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<collectingRegion id="49D6F800FFABFF8EE3832612B95FFB7E" box="[747,802,1130,1154]" country="Suriname" name="Para" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Pará</collectingRegion>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B7A3CBFFFABFF8EE25D2611BFE5FB12" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1499315723" country="Brazil" location="Guyana region" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" specimenCount="1">
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(6) M DHW discal hairpencil dark brown. (7) F VFW ripple pattern of the postmedial area slightly less dense than that of M in some localities (
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<collectingCountry id="F3057672FFABFF8EE5E526F5BEAEFB5A" box="[1165,1235,1165,1190]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F3057672FFABFF8EE46326F6BF19FB5A" box="[1291,1380,1166,1190]" name="Guyana" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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) and clearly less dense in others (
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<collectingCountry id="F3057672FFABFF8EE08926C9B824FB36" box="[481,601,1201,1226]" name="Venezuela" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3057672FFABFF8EE30F26C9B8B7FB36" box="[615,714,1201,1226]" name="Ecuador" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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). Male genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="13292A67FFABFF8EE2FC26C9B9A3FB36" box="[916,990,1201,1226]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1593,1615]" captionTargetBox="[173,1417,207,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1572]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Variation in valva and gnathos morphology (lateral view) across the range of Bia, including a sample of various species and subspecies. Note intraspecific variation in series from the same locality outlined by boxes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/569731/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="13292A67FFABFF8EE57226CABE4AFB36" box="[1050,1079,1202,1226]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1869,1891]" captionTargetBox="[184,1395,202,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[174,1410,193,1842]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 11. Genitalia. a, male actorion, Guyana (dissection Penz 12 - 01, CMNH); b, female actorion, Guyana (dissection Penz 10 - 02, LACM; scale bar different from male illustrations); c, male decaerulea, Lectotype, Brazil, Pará, Faro, (dissection Miller 9047, MfN); d, male rebeli, Peru, San Martín (dissection Penz 10 - 08, USNM); e, male caelestis, paratype, Brazil, Amazonas, São Paulo de Olivença (dissection Penz 10 - 29, CMNH); f, male pucallpa, Peru, Pucallpa (USUSNM 2041410); g, male peruana, Peru, Huanuco, Rio Pichis (dissection Penz 09 - 06, FLMNH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/569741/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">11</figureCitation>
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a): tip of valva usually narrow, spiny projection usually of medium height, infrequently tall, spines larger in specimens from the
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<location id="8ECD6039FFABFF8EE58526AEBFE5FB12" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87F4FFABFF8EE1FF2012BB94F9CE:8ECD6039FFABFF8EE58526AEBFE5FB12" box="[1261,1432,1237,1262]" country="Brazil" name="Guyana region" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Guyana region</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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; gnathos wide (Guyana region) to narrow (other localities).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAD36E2FFABFF8EE1AF2765B9C8FA16" blockId="7.[151,1437,725,1586]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
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<emphasis id="B966EAF0FFABFF8EE1AF2765BB0BFACA" bold="true" box="[199,374,1309,1334]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Type material.</emphasis>
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The iconotype designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF834B13FFABFF8EE3A62765B9EDFACA" author="Hemming" box="[718,912,1309,1334]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" refString="Hemming, A. F. (1964) Annotationes lepidopterologicae. Uol. 5. Hepburn & Sons Ltd, London, 27 pp. [pp. 153 - 180]" type="book chapter" year="1964">Hemming (1964)</bibRefCitation>
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from Clerck’s Icones (
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<figureCitation id="13292A67FFABFF8EE5FF2765BE9AFACA" box="[1175,1255,1309,1334]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[171,1398,423,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,414,1880]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. a, iconotype of Bia actorion; b, lectotype of Bia peruana (SMT); c, holotype of Bia actorion rebeli (NRM); d, male and female Bia actorion showing characters used in the diagnoses (see Methods for explanation). Codes: 1 — DFW white apical ocelli, 2 — DFW orange band, 3 — DFW iridescent band, 4 — DFW androconial scales at the CuA-CuA 1 - CuA 2 intersection, 5 — DHW discal androconial pad, 6 — DHW discal hairpencil, 7 — VFW ripple pattern of the postmedial area." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/569730/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Fig. 1a</figureCitation>
|
||
) does not show the color of androconial organs and also lacks locality data, both of which are important attributes for definitive identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D61FFABFF8EE03B271EBBCCFA81" box="[339,433,1382,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="actorion">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF0FFABFF8EE03B271EBBCCFA81" box="[339,433,1382,1405]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">actorion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We therefore recognize that a neotype should be selected for this species, which will be done separately from this study. Note that specimens in the Linnean Collection are not types (male http://linneanonline.org/14787/ and female http://linnean-online.org/14788/ last accessed
|
||
<date id="FFAC1022FFABFF8EE57E27D6BEA7FA3A" box="[1046,1242,1453,1478]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" value="2016-08-30">30 August 2016</date>
|
||
; see also http:// butterfliesofamerica.com/L/t/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C124D61FFABFF8EE08C27A9B877FA16" box="[484,522,1489,1514]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Bia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bia</taxonomicName>
|
||
_a.htm last accessed
|
||
<date id="FFAC1022FFABFF8EE39927AAB9D4FA16" box="[753,937,1489,1514]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" value="2016-08-30">30 August 2016</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3086569FFABFF8EE1AF278DBB94F9CE" pageId="7" pageNumber="208" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAD36E2FFABFF8EE1AF278DBB94F9CE" blockId="7.[151,1437,725,1586]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">
|
||
<emphasis id="B966EAF0FFABFF8EE1AF278DBB46F9F2" bold="true" box="[199,315,1525,1550]" pageId="7" pageNumber="208">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Geographical variation in some diagnostic characters serves as the basis for the subspecific classification proposed below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |