Documenting diversity in the Amazonian butterfly genus Bia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)
Author
Penz, Carla M.
Author
Casagrande, Mirna M.
Author
Devries, Phil
Author
Simonsen, Thomas J.
text
Zootaxa
2017
4258
3
201
237
journal article
33146
10.11646/zootaxa.4258.3.1
97942778-cef4-4cf6-b4e4-c077e633daa8
1175-5326
569729
DE89E162-B255-474C-A824-20DFA551DBBD
Bia actorion
(Linnaeus)
(
Figs 1a
,
3
,
11
a–b, 12)
Type species.
Diagnostic re-description.
General characters as described for the genus. (1) MF DFW white apical ocelli small to large. (2) MF DFW orange band varies from thin (
Venezuela
, Alto Orinoco) to medium-wide; orange scales extended proximally along veins, including the anterior tip of discal cell in some specimens (
Brazil
,
Amazonas
, Manaus, but not all specimens). (3) M DFW iridescent band from anal margin to approximately half of the CuA2 cell (one specimen from
Venezuela
with DFW iridescence clearly reaching CuA2); F DFW iridescent band well developed but variable; usually broad below CuA2, and more extended towards tornus than those of female
decaerulea decaerulea
and
rebeli
. (4) M DFW androconial organ on the CuA-CuA1-CuA2 intersection dark brown, matching scale color of surrounding area. This character is shared by
B. actorion
and
B. decaerulea
. (5) M DHW discal androconial pad varies from being nearly black and darker than associated hairpencil (
Venezuela
;
Guyana
;
Suriname
;
Brazil
, Manaus) to dark brown and of similar color to hairpencil (photos from Colombian specimens,
Ecuador
,
northern Peru
;
Brazil
, northern
Pará
)
.
(6) M DHW discal hairpencil dark brown. (7) F VFW ripple pattern of the postmedial area slightly less dense than that of M in some localities (
Brazil
and
Guyana
) and clearly less dense in others (
Venezuela
,
Ecuador
). Male genitalia (
Figs 2
and
11
a): tip of valva usually narrow, spiny projection usually of medium height, infrequently tall, spines larger in specimens from the
Guyana region
; gnathos wide (Guyana region) to narrow (other localities).
Type material.
The iconotype designated by
Hemming (1964)
from Clerck’s Icones (
Fig. 1a
) does not show the color of androconial organs and also lacks locality data, both of which are important attributes for definitive identification of
actorion
. We therefore recognize that a neotype should be selected for this species, which will be done separately from this study. Note that specimens in the Linnean Collection are not types (male http://linneanonline.org/14787/ and female http://linnean-online.org/14788/ last accessed
30 August 2016
; see also http:// butterfliesofamerica.com/L/t/
Bia
_a.htm last accessed
30 August 2016
).
Remarks.
Geographical variation in some diagnostic characters serves as the basis for the subspecific classification proposed below.