267 lines
42 KiB
XML
267 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="36067E49B93CBF2375DAFA01A83AD56B">Phylogeny and classification of jumping plant lice of the subfamily Liviinae (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Liviidae) based on molecular and morphological data</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C425AE6226C7A7F8228112701A3750D8">Aléné Geonho Cho, Daniel Burckhardt Liliya Š. Serbina Igor Malenovský Dalva L. Queiroz Désirée C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="020F30F278E8BB3060B4D0EDBF22D474">Percy, Diana M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="96F5CFE50BC99CCE52468803A7AE5FD9">Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver V 6 T 1 Z 4, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="A09CCA5798653D5A38824F0CE263C943">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D1EF1DD8AABA24CA4CF2945E63F8DF6A">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C87AF7F1038B3A2A11E00EF5E0DE1ABF">2023-10-09</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFEFE05206F402ADB" ID-CoL="44QZ" ID-ENA="2035732" authority="Crawford, 1919" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1919" box="[278,598,878,905]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Diclidophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFEFE05206F402ADB" bold="true" box="[278,598,878,905]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">
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<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFEFE05206CBC2ADA" bold="true" box="[278,426,878,905]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Diclidophlebia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D428D744EFFFEFE4605206F402ADB" author="Crawford" box="[430,598,878,904]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" pagination="139 - 207" refId="ref29493" refString="Crawford DLThe jumping plant lice of the Palaeotropics and the South Pacific Islands - Family Psyllidae, or Chermidae, Homoptera. Philippine Journal of Science 1919; 15: 139 - 207." type="journal article" year="1919">Crawford, 1919</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3166CF7744EFFFEFF9905DB6FA92AFF" box="[113,703,916,941]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB33F7C744EFFFEFF9905DB6FA92AFF" blockId="21.[113,763,878,1379]" box="[113,703,916,941]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1C1852744EFFFEFF9905DB6FA92AFF" box="[113,703,916,941]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAD196D744EFFFEFF9905DB6CD02AFF" author="Crawford" box="[113,454,916,941]" page="152" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" year="1919">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFF9905DB6CD02AFF" authority="Crawford 1919: 152" authorityName="Crawford" authorityPageNumber="152" authorityYear="1919" box="[113,454,916,941]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Heteroneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFF9905DB6DFC2AFF" box="[113,234,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Heteroneura</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D428D744EFFFEFF1905DB6CD02AFF" author="Crawford" box="[241,454,916,941]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" pagination="139 - 207" refId="ref29493" refString="Crawford DLThe jumping plant lice of the Palaeotropics and the South Pacific Islands - Family Psyllidae, or Chermidae, Homoptera. Philippine Journal of Science 1919; 15: 139 - 207." type="journal article" year="1919">Crawford 1919: 152</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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; nec
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAD196D744EFFFEFE1505DB6F852AFF" author="Fallen CF" box="[509,659,917,941]" page="7" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" year="1810">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D428D744EFFFEFE1505DB6F852AFF" author="Fallen CF" box="[509,659,917,941]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" refId="ref29839" refString="Fallen CF. Specimen Entomologicum Novam Diptera Disponendi Methodum Exhibens. Lund: Berlingianus. 1810." type="book" year="1810">Fallén 1810: 7</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 25.
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<paragraph id="8BB33F7C744EFFFEFD2D05DB6C422ABF" blockId="21.[113,763,878,1379]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">
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<typeStatus id="54B781DE744EFFFEFD2D05DB6FEC2AFE" box="[709,762,917,941]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFF2F05FB6F292A9F" ID-CoL="6LSNL" authority="Crawford, 1919" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1919" box="[199,575,948,972]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Heteroneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oceanica">
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<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFF2F05FB6C8E2A9F" box="[199,408,949,972]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Heteroneura oceanica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D428D744EFFFEFE7605FA6F292A9F" author="Crawford" box="[414,575,948,972]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" pagination="139 - 207" refId="ref29493" refString="Crawford DLThe jumping plant lice of the Palaeotropics and the South Pacific Islands - Family Psyllidae, or Chermidae, Homoptera. Philippine Journal of Science 1919; 15: 139 - 207." type="journal article" year="1919">Crawford, 1919</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation and monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB33F7C744EFFFEFF6505BD6CD32D79" blockId="21.[113,763,878,1379]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1C1852744EFFFEFF6505BD6F102D59" box="[141,518,1010,1035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAD196D744EFFFEFF6505BD6F142D59" author="Crawford DL" box="[141,514,1010,1035]" page="355" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" year="1920">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFF6505BD6F142D59" ID-CoL="44QZ" authority="Crawford 1920: 355" authorityName="Crawford" authorityPageNumber="355" authorityYear="1920" box="[141,514,1010,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Diclidophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFF6505BD6C0D2D58" box="[141,283,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Diclidophlebia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D428D744EFFFEFECD05BD6F142D59" author="Crawford DL" box="[293,514,1010,1035]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" pagination="353 - 9" refId="ref29527" refString="Crawford DL. The Psyllidae of Borneo. Philippine Journal of Science 1920; 17: 353 - 9." type="journal article" year="1920">Crawford 1920: 355</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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replacement name for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFF99025D6C472D79" authority="Crawford" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1919" box="[113,337,1042,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Heteroneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFF99025D6DFC2D79" box="[113,234,1043,1066]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Heteroneura</emphasis>
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||
Crawford
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</taxonomicName>
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||
nec Fallén.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB33F7C744EFFFEFF65027C6C132DD4" blockId="21.[113,763,878,1379]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">
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<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFF65027C6DF22D1A" box="[141,228,1074,1097]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">=Gyroza</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D428D744EFFFEFF1F027F6CFE2D1A" author="Enderlein G" box="[247,488,1073,1097]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" pagination="115 - 23" refId="ref29823" refString="Enderlein G. Psyllidologica VI. Zoologischer Anzeiger 1921; 52: 115 - 23." type="journal article" year="1921">Enderlein 1921: 122</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; replacement name for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFF99021F6C452D3A" authority="Crawford" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1919" box="[113,339,1105,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Heteroneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFF99021F6DFC2D3B" box="[113,234,1105,1128]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Heteroneura</emphasis>
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||
Crawford
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
nec Fallén. Objective junior synonym of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFF99023E6DE92DDB" ID-CoL="44QZ" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1920" box="[113,255,1136,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Diclidophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFF99023E6DE92DDB" box="[113,255,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Diclidophlebia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB33F7C744EFFFEFF6502C16F502DF4" blockId="21.[113,763,878,1379]" box="[141,582,1167,1191]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1C1852744EFFFEFF6502C16F502DF4" box="[141,582,1167,1191]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">
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<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFF6502C16D8C2DF4" box="[141,154,1167,1191]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">=</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAD196D744EFFFEFF7102C16F572DF4" author="Loginova MM" box="[153,577,1167,1191]" page="851" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" year="1972">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFF7102C16F572DF4" authority="Loginova 1972: 851" authorityName="Loginova" authorityPageNumber="851" authorityYear="1972" box="[153,577,1167,1191]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Paraphalaroida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
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<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFF7102C16C222DF4" box="[153,308,1167,1191]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Paraphalaroida</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D428D744EFFFEFEA402C16F572DF4" author="Loginova MM" box="[332,577,1167,1191]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" pagination="837 - 53" refId="ref31060" refString="Loginova MM. Reviziia listobloshek triby Pauropsyllini Crawf. (Homoptera, Psylloidea, Carsidaridae). (Revision of jumping plant-lice of the tribe Pauropsyllini Crawf. (Homoptera, Psylloidea, Carsidaridae )). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 1972; 51: 837 - 53." type="journal article" year="1972">Loginova 1972: 851</bibRefCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3166CF7744EFFFEFDB502DE6F652DB5" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BB33F7C744EFFFEFDB502DE6F652DB5" blockId="21.[113,763,878,1379]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">
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<typeStatus id="54B781DE744EFFFEFDB502DE6F842DFB" box="[605,658,1168,1192]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFF9902E16CE32D94" ID-CoL="767F8" authority="Klyver, 1930" authorityName="Klyver" authorityYear="1930" box="[113,501,1199,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Paurocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fremontiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFF9902E16C732D94" box="[113,357,1199,1223]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Paurocephala fremontiae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D428D744EFFFEFE8702E16CE32D94" author="Klyver FD" box="[367,501,1199,1223]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" pagination="167 - 75" refId="ref30676" refString="Klyver FD. Notes on the Chermidae Part 1 (Hemiptera: Homoptera). Canadian Entomologist 1930; 62: 167 - 75." type="journal article" year="1930">Klyver, 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by original designation. Synonymized by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAD196D744EFFFEFEC902806F792DB5" author="Burckhardt D & Mifsud D" box="[289,623,1230,1254]" page="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" year="2003">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9D428D744EFFFEFEC902806F792DB5" author="Burckhardt D & Mifsud D" box="[289,623,1230,1254]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" pagination="3 - 34" refId="ref28848" refString="Burckhardt D, Mifsud D. Jumping plant-lice of the Paurocephalinae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea): systematics and phylogeny. Contributions to Natural History 2003; 2: 3 - 34." type="journal article" year="2003">Burckhardt and Mifsud 2003: 12</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3166CF7744EFFFEFF6502A36F402C56" box="[141,598,1261,1286]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB33F7C744EFFFEFF6502A36F402C56" blockId="21.[113,763,878,1379]" box="[141,598,1261,1286]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1C1852744EFFFEFF6502A36F402C56" box="[141,598,1261,1286]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">
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<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFF6502A36D8C2C56" box="[141,154,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">=</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAD196D744EFFFEFF7202A36F442C56" author="Li F & Yang CK" box="[154,594,1261,1286]" page="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" year="1991">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFF7202A36F442C56" authority="Li and Yang 1991: 11" authorityName="Li and Yang" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1991" box="[154,594,1261,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Sinuonemopsylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFF7202A36C562C56" box="[154,320,1261,1285]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Sinuonemopsylla</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D428D744EFFFEFEA702A36F442C56" author="Li F & Yang CK" box="[335,594,1261,1286]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" pagination="11 - 9" refId="ref31022" refString="Li F, Yang CK. One new genus, three new species and a known species of psyllids (Homoptera: Psylloidea) from Guanxi, China. Entomotaxonomia 1991; 13: 11 - 9." type="journal article" year="1991">Li and Yang 1991: 11</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3166CF7744EFFFEFD8D02A06C362C30" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB33F7C744EFFFEFD8D02A06C362C30" blockId="21.[113,763,878,1379]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B781DE744EFFFEFD8D02A06F8C2C55" box="[613,666,1262,1286]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFF9903426F612C76" ID-CoL="4XMLS" authority="Li and Yang, 1991" authorityName="Li and Yang" authorityYear="1991" box="[113,631,1292,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Sinuonemopsylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excetrodendri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFF9903426CB52C77" box="[113,419,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Sinuonemopsylla excetrodendri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D428D744EFFFEFE4603426F612C76" author="Li F & Yang CK" box="[430,631,1292,1317]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" pagination="11 - 9" refId="ref31022" refString="Li F, Yang CK. One new genus, three new species and a known species of psyllids (Homoptera: Psylloidea) from Guanxi, China. Entomotaxonomia 1991; 13: 11 - 9." type="journal article" year="1991">Li and Yang, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by original description and monotypy. Synonymized by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AAD196D744EFFFEFDBE03626C0A2C30" author="Burckhardt D & Mifsud D" page="12" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D428D744EFFFEFDBE03626C0A2C30" author="Burckhardt D & Mifsud D" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" pagination="3 - 34" refId="ref28848" refString="Burckhardt D, Mifsud D. Jumping plant-lice of the Paurocephalinae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea): systematics and phylogeny. Contributions to Natural History 2003; 2: 3 - 34." type="journal article" year="2003">Burckhardt and Mifsud 2003: 12</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3166CF7744EFFFEFF9903CB68A52C3D" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB33F7C744EFFFEFF9903CB68482DE2" blockId="21.[113,763,1412,2000]" lastBlockId="21.[810,1461,144,1390]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFF9903CB6DC02CCF" box="[113,214,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Adult. Head, in lateral view, deflexed 45–90° from longitudinal axis of body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133723F9744EFFFEFEB103EA6C882CEF" box="[345,414,1444,1468]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="3.[113,178,1141,1165]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,147,1108]" captionTargetId="figure-424@3.[114,1458,144,1113]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus images illustrating generic diversity within Liviinae: A, Anomoterga africana (Loginova); B, Aphorma lichenoides (Puton); C, Camarotoscena speciosa (Flor); D, Livia junci (Schrank); E, Syntomoza magna (Kuwayama); F, Diclidophlebia eastopi Vondráček; G, Haplaphalara dahli (Rübsaamen); H, Klyveria setinervis (Burckhardt); I, Liella cf. insolita (Mifsud and Burckhardt); J, Melanastera smithi (Burckhardt et al.); K, Paurocephala chonchaiensis Boselli; L, Woldaia nebulosa Brown and Hodkinson. Scales 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219881" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219881/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
); in dorsal view, moderately transverse, slightly or much narrower than thorax. Vertex rhomboidal to almost subrectangular; covered in imbricate microsculpture, sometimes much reduced on disc or smooth; passing smoothly into genae anteriorly; coronal suture ranging from fully developed to completely absent; genae weakly produced ventrally but not enlarged into processes; frons widely trapezoidal; median ocellus visible in perpendicular view to vertex; compound eyes, in dorsal view, hemispherical, adpressed to head. Clypeus pear-shaped, large, rounded ventrally, well-visible in lateral view or slightly hidden by genae. Antenna 10-segmented, distinctly longer than head width; flagellum with simple setae; segment 3 longest, shorter than segments 4–5 together; segments 4, 6, 8, and 9 bearing each a subapical rhinarium lacking marginal spines. Thorax moderately slender to massive; dorsal outline, in lateral view, weakly to strongly curved. Pronotum, in dorsal view, weakly curved posteriad laterally; propleurites narrowly subrectangular, divided by perpendicular suture into larger epimeron and smaller episternum. Metapostnotum with laterally compressed tooth, but small in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFC4A06FE69242994" box="[930,1074,175,199]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Diclidophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptonychiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFC4A06FE69242994" box="[930,1074,175,199]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">D. leptonychiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Mesosternum usually narrower, rarely wider (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFC7406816EEB29B5" authorityName="Vondracek" authorityYear="1964" box="[924,1021,207,230]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Diclidophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eastopi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFC7406816EEB29B5" box="[924,1021,207,230]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">D. eastopi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) than head, forming transverse band more than three times as wide as long laterally; anterior margin weakly concave; pleurosternal suture not visible; basisternum indistinct; katepisternum small antero-laterally, not bent dorsad laterally; trochantins in obtuse angle to each other. Pro- and mesotibiae cylindrical or robust and flattened (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFB4D0722681F28D0" authorityName="Vondracek" authorityYear="1964" box="[1189,1289,364,387]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Diclidophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eastopi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFB4D0722681F28D0" box="[1189,1289,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">D. eastopi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFAFF072268B828D0" box="[1303,1454,363,387]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Diclidophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptonychiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFAFF072268B828D0" box="[1303,1454,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">D. leptonychiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFCC207C56E8928F1" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1919" box="[810,927,395,418]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Heteroneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oceanica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFCC207C56E8928F1" box="[810,927,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">D. oceanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Metacoxa with blunt or subacute horn-shaped meracanthus. Metafemur with the three ventral sense organs in medial or submedial position (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133723F9744EFFFEFB87078769CC28B3" box="[1135,1242,457,481]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="8.[128,193,1225,1249]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1195]" captionTargetId="figure-313@8.[129,1473,144,1197]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 6. Hindlegs of adult Liviidae: A, Anomoterga africana (Loginova); B, Syntomoza magna (Kuwayama); C, Liella cf. insolita (Mifsud and Burckhardt); D, N, Paurocephala bifasciata Kuwayama; E, Psyllopsis fraxinicola (Foerster); F, Diclidophlebia oceanica (Crawford); G, D. excetrodendri (Li and Yang); H, D.xuani (Messi); I, Haplaphalara dahli (Rübsaamen); J, H. irvingiae (Burckhardt et al.); K, Klyveria setinervis (Burckhardt); L, Liella lanceomedia (Brown and Hodkinson); M, Melanastera lucens (Burckhardt et al.); O, Camarotoscena speciosa (Flor). A–D, metacoxa; E–N, metafemur, base left; O, apex of metafemur. Scales A–D = 0.2 mm; E–N = 0.1 mm; O = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219893/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Fig. 6F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
); apex with a group of stout long setae. Metatibia longer than metafemur, slightly widened apically; bearing 4–11 irregularly spaced to distinctly grouped apical sclerotized spurs that may be on raised processes, without unsclerotized bristle-like setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133723F9744EFFFEFB2E0408683E2B0D" box="[1222,1320,582,606]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="9.[113,178,1625,1649]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,148,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-116@9.[114,1458,144,1597]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 7. Metatibial apex of adult Liviidae:A, Strophingia cinereae Hodkinson; B, Aphorma lichenoides (Puton); C, Camarotoscena speciosa (Flor); D, Livia junci (Schrank); E, Diclidophlebia oceanica (Crawford); F, D.xuani (Messi); G, Haplaphalara dahli (Rübsaamen); H, Liella lanceomedia (Brown and Hodkinson); I, Klyveria setinervis (Burckhardt); J, Melanastera lucens (Burckhardt et al.); K, M. maculipennis (Brown and Hodkinson); L, Paurocephala sauteri Enderlein.Abbreviations:a, anterior view, l, lateral view, m, medial, p, posterior view. Scales 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219897/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Fig. 7E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both metatarsal segments relatively short, subequal in length. Forewing oval to oblong-oval; widest in the middle, 1.8–2.5 times as long as wide, membranous or subcoriaceous; vein C + Sc almost straight to strongly convex, widened, indistinctly delimited from cell; costal break developed, close apex of vein R 1; pterostigma wide, coriaceous basally, membranous apically (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133723F9744EFFFEFAF0054D68762A48" box="[1304,1376,771,795]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1126,1150]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-401@10.[129,1473,144,1098]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 8. Wings and abdomen of Liviinae: A, D, L, Aphorma lichenoides (Puton), male; M, A. lichenoides (Puton), female; B, Diclidophlebia excetrodendri (Li and Yang); C, G, Melanastera lucens (Burckhardt et al.); E, H, Livia junci (Schrank); F, J, Liella cf.insolita (Mifsud and Burckhardt); I, Diclidophlebia oceanica (Crawford); K, Tuthillia myrcianthis Burckhardt et al.; N, D. xuani (Messi); O, Paurocephala dayak Mifsud and Burckhardt, male; P, P.dayak, female.A, reduced pterostigma; B, pterostigma basally leathery, apically membranous (separating line see arrow); C, pterostigma entirely membranous; D–G, surface of forewing membrane in cell r 1: H–J, costa of hindwing; K–P, lateral edge of first visible abdominal tergite, base left.Scales A–C = 0.1 mm; D–G = 0.1 mm; H–J = 0.2 mm; K–P = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219899/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
); nodal line sometimes developed; veins R and M + Cu usually subequal, sometimes vein R slightly shorter than M + Cu; vein Rs almost straight, strongly curved or convoluted; vein M shorter or longer than M
|
||
<subScript id="17883D39744EFFFEFC9D05DE6E822ACD" attach="left" box="[885,916,912,927]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">1 + 2</subScript>
|
||
; veins M
|
||
<subScript id="17883D39744EFFFEFC1A05DE69042ACD" attach="left" box="[1010,1042,912,927]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">1 + 2</subScript>
|
||
, M
|
||
<subScript id="17883D39744EFFFEFBDC05DE69452ACD" attach="left" box="[1076,1107,912,927]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">3 + 4</subScript>
|
||
and Cu
|
||
<subScript id="17883D39744EFFFEFB4C05DE69A42ACD" attach="left" box="[1188,1202,912,926]" fontSize="6" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">1a</subScript>
|
||
variable; anal break adjacent to apex of vein Cu 1b; surface spinules fine, spaced or dense, present in all cells. Hindwing slightly shorter than forewing; with two to four costal setae proximal to costal break and 6–18 irregularly spaced setae distal to costal break (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133723F9744EFFFEFB5805B369F92D46" box="[1200,1263,1021,1045]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1126,1150]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-401@10.[129,1473,144,1098]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 8. Wings and abdomen of Liviinae: A, D, L, Aphorma lichenoides (Puton), male; M, A. lichenoides (Puton), female; B, Diclidophlebia excetrodendri (Li and Yang); C, G, Melanastera lucens (Burckhardt et al.); E, H, Livia junci (Schrank); F, J, Liella cf.insolita (Mifsud and Burckhardt); I, Diclidophlebia oceanica (Crawford); K, Tuthillia myrcianthis Burckhardt et al.; N, D. xuani (Messi); O, Paurocephala dayak Mifsud and Burckhardt, male; P, P.dayak, female.A, reduced pterostigma; B, pterostigma basally leathery, apically membranous (separating line see arrow); C, pterostigma entirely membranous; D–G, surface of forewing membrane in cell r 1: H–J, costa of hindwing; K–P, lateral edge of first visible abdominal tergite, base left.Scales A–C = 0.1 mm; D–G = 0.1 mm; H–J = 0.2 mm; K–P = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219899/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Fig. 8I</figureCitation>
|
||
); vein R + M + Cu bifurcating into R and M + Cu. Abdominal base with a sclerotized area on either side covered in spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133723F9744EFFFEFB5E027268122D07" box="[1206,1284,1084,1108]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="10.[129,194,1126,1150]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-401@10.[129,1473,144,1098]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 8. Wings and abdomen of Liviinae: A, D, L, Aphorma lichenoides (Puton), male; M, A. lichenoides (Puton), female; B, Diclidophlebia excetrodendri (Li and Yang); C, G, Melanastera lucens (Burckhardt et al.); E, H, Livia junci (Schrank); F, J, Liella cf.insolita (Mifsud and Burckhardt); I, Diclidophlebia oceanica (Crawford); K, Tuthillia myrcianthis Burckhardt et al.; N, D. xuani (Messi); O, Paurocephala dayak Mifsud and Burckhardt, male; P, P.dayak, female.A, reduced pterostigma; B, pterostigma basally leathery, apically membranous (separating line see arrow); C, pterostigma entirely membranous; D–G, surface of forewing membrane in cell r 1: H–J, costa of hindwing; K–P, lateral edge of first visible abdominal tergite, base left.Scales A–C = 0.1 mm; D–G = 0.1 mm; H–J = 0.2 mm; K–P = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219899" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219899/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Fig. 8N</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aedeagus with simple proximal portion subapically bearing many weak folds or subdivided; apex of distal portion differentiated from stem (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133723F9744EFFFEFA6502356E5F2DE1" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="11.[113,178,1638,1662]" captionTargetBox="[116,1452,156,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-111@11.[114,1458,144,1610]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 9. Male terminalia and tarsal arolium of immature Liviinae: A, G, L, Klyveria crassiflagellata (Burckhardt); B, H, Liella cf. insolita (Mifsud and Burckhardt); C, Diclidophlebia fremontiae (Klyver); D, Diclidophlebia leptonychiae Burckhardt et al.; E, Haplaphalara dahli (Rübsaamen); F, Haplaphalara irvingiae (Burckhardt et al.); I, Melanastera lucens (Burckhardt et al.); J, Psyllopsis fraxini (Linnaeus); K, Livia junci (Schrank); N, Melanastera Brazil. A, B, male proctiger, in lateral view; C–I, apex of proximal portion and distal portion(s) of aedeagus; J–N, tarsal arolium of fifth instar immature.Scales A, B = 0.05 mm; C–I = 0.05 mm; J–N, = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219901" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219901/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Female subgenital plate lacking long apical process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB33F7C744EFFFEFCAD02F468A52C3D" blockId="21.[810,1461,144,1390]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Last instar immature. Antenna nine segments; bearing sectasetae or lanceolate setae on antennal flagellum. Mid- and hindlegs without massive peg-like setae. Dorsal body surface bearing minute clavate setae. Precaudal abdominal tergites usually lacking densely spaced simple setae or sectasetae. Anus in terminal position; usually with additional pore fields developed.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3166CF7744EFFFEFCC203DE69602FF2" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB33F7C744EFFFEFCC203DE69602FF2" blockId="21.[810,1459,1423,1698]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFCC203DE6E8C2CF4" box="[810,922,1424,1447]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Comments:</emphasis>
|
||
Polyphyletic in the molecular analyses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133723F9744EFFFEFAB703C168BA2CF4" box="[1375,1452,1423,1447]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[129,194,1812,1836]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,500,1781]" captionTargetId="figure-67@16.[129,1473,497,1784]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Maximum likelihood (ML-mix) tree resulting from a mixture (heterotachous) model (–m GTR+H4 option in IQ TREE) based on the molecular data of the Liviidae and showing the three subfamilies Euphyllurinae, Neophyllurinae, and Liviinae, and two tribes Liviini and Paurocephalini. The numbers below the branches represent the bootstrap values of ≥50. Nodes with boostrap values of <50 are shown in interrupted lines.Light blue and yellow bars indicate the non-monophyletic genera, Diclidophlebia and Haplaphalara." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219903/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
; Supporting Information, File S4), although the genus as delimited here is recovered in the morphological analysis supported by one synapomorphy (
|
||
<figureCitation id="133723F9744EFFFEFBED03A3695A2F56" box="[1029,1100,1517,1541]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[113,178,1837,1861]" captionTargetBox="[205,1367,147,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-7@17.[202,1370,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Phylogeny of the Liviidae showing strict consensus tree of the most parsimonious trees based on morphological data (character matrix in Supporting Information, File S2) and obtained with ‘Traditional search’ in TNT using equal weights.‘Unambiguous changes only’ in WINCLADA was used to optimize the character states on the cladogram. Black circles represent synapomorphies, light circles homoplasies; numbers above circles refer to characters numbers, number below to the character states (Table 2). Host plants of Liviini: Malpigiales, Poa, Poales, Ran, Ranunculales; of Paurocephalini:representation of members of Malvales. Distribution: Afrotropics (Afr), Australasia (Aus), Indomalaya (Ind), Nearctic (Nea), Neotropics (Neo), Oceania (Oce), Palaearctic (Pal)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13219907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13219907/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). This concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFAE603A3688A2F56" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1920" box="[1294,1436,1517,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Diclidophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFAE603A3688A2F56" box="[1294,1436,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Diclidophlebia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much more restricted compared to that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9D428D744EFFFEFB2200426E622F17" author="Burckhardt D & Mifsud D" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" pagination="3 - 34" refId="ref28848" refString="Burckhardt D, Mifsud D. Jumping plant-lice of the Paurocephalinae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Psylloidea): systematics and phylogeny. Contributions to Natural History 2003; 2: 3 - 34." type="journal article" year="2003">Burckhardt and Mifsud (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who included species now referred to
|
||
<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFB17006268B82F17" box="[1279,1454,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFB170062689B2F17" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1920" box="[1279,1421,1580,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Diclidophlebia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Diclidophlebia</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24B5E15744EFFFEFA7B006368B82F17" box="[1427,1454,1581,1604]" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFCC200056EA22F30" authorityName="Aléné Geonho Cho & Percy" authorityYear="2024" box="[810,948,1611,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Haplaphalara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFCC200056EA22F30" box="[810,948,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Haplaphalara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFC57000569072F30" authorityName="Burckhardt, Serbina and Malenovsky" authorityYear="2024" box="[959,1041,1611,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Klyveria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFC57000569072F30" box="[959,1041,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Klyveria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFBF4000569822F30" authorityName="Serbina, Malenovsky, Queiroz and Burckhardt" authorityYear="2024" box="[1052,1172,1611,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Melanastera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFBF4000569822F30" box="[1052,1172,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Melanastera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0C44FF744EFFFEFB230005680B2F30" authorityName="Aléné Geonho Cho & Percy" authorityYear="2024" box="[1227,1309,1611,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Liviidae" genus="Woldaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B978E36E744EFFFEFB230005680B2F30" box="[1227,1309,1611,1635]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Woldaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Included species, distribution, and host plants are summarized in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C68E0AC7744EFFFEFAD50024689E2FD0" box="[1341,1416,1642,1667]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="18.[129,184,1165,1189]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Table 3. Number of described species (Supporting Information, File S3) and undescribed species in the collections of the BMNH, MHNG, and NHMB, with general distribution and confirmed host plants. Afrotropics (Afr), Australasia (Aus), Indomalaya (Ind), Nearctic (Nea), Neotropics (Neo), Oceania (Oce), Palaearctic (Pal)." pageId="21" pageNumber="408">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
and Supporting Information, File S3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |