264 lines
32 KiB
XML
264 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="D51C13065DBB3CD17C248C12A2FC678B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5391440" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5391440" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630315127817" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Monniot, Françoise & Monniot, Claude" docDate="2001" docId="F57D87A3FF973171E86CFB2BFE2B1080" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.2001.23.2.201-383.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 23 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:64A3174DE33E974D4EB6573A0A793B12.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="64A3174DE33E974D4EB6573A0A793B12" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Polysyncraton cerebellum Monniot & Monniot 2001, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="275" masterDocId="0944FFDBFFDF313BEB47FF93FFBE1602" masterDocTitle="Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="383" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="273" updateTime="1699223418854" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods id="370EBECC33BDC8CB82CDC0FC5C4E9E91" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C1A225F69DB147F6A295B3C06E741661">
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<mods:title id="01EA14094914C8C525E44E71845740F4">Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="0940884BF028E4A67942B24D28D312D2" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="7D52AAD8ED04F0A3F482882F235F080D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5EF61D6C5287E343C73747707D25BE17">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E7BB50D4F228370E43BF751B3B4667C3">Monniot, Françoise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="9639B064E8222573E68511F6367A3173" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C653712E2EBB8C19D046EE469372C57D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="DFEC16EF48CE4CD9AB86E24FA2A84334">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3BCA4CDE4AC3FEDB1E77FAEB598D2532">Monniot, Claude</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5B9684CD688B55A9FC0781CC2A2BC5CE">UPESA 8044, Laboratoire de Biologie des Invertébrés marins et Malacologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 55 rue Buffon, F- 75005 Paris (France) monniot @ mnhn. fr.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F740EB5DB676B92A5FD8692EB9C16AD1" type="email">monniot@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AF37A41FF9D727D0C2460B22D9F003DB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="24A8A738EE5EBAE211FECBA7AF0A76B4">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="7B8D6CC284D05009CBD4F1305CE10FAD">
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<mods:date id="AE1F35D2443A7F472733244E9B322304">2001</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="56F6CFA82B293C318E45DCB437EA4FD2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="02F366C9D33FE7A138A692579434A2EE">23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="7D67FAFD8C118EB17D7D8992CC3E6266" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="A893AD0EE16ED074B3D49EB45CCADF50">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="1BDF8142A78BE05CDBF621E22BFB0DC7">201</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="21B788817F6BB7C2DDDDBD8A94921782">383</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="D49ADA0D2CE93AC900BFC20D95819CD3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F74DF98F21ADD227A77A4ED0FEE541AC" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5391440</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="48F5A4F3F36B90DD226F75F2919CBC68" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="99A54CBFD368B085D63129CF101916E0" type="Zenodo-Dep">5391440</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F57D87A3FF973171E86CFB2BFE2B1080" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5468037" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5468037" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F57D87A3FF973171E86CFB2BFE2B1080" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F57D87A3FF973171E86CFB2BFE2B1080" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="275" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
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<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF973173E86CFB2BFBC012D0" box="[811,1150,1208,1234]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF973173E86CFB2BFBC012D0" blockId="72.[811,1150,1208,1265]" box="[811,1150,1208,1234]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
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<heading id="262381D9FF973173E86CFB2BFBC012D0" box="[811,1150,1208,1234]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF973173E86CFB2BFB8512D0" ID-CoL="4LP8H" authority="Monniot & Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[811,1083,1208,1234]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cerebellum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF973173E86CFB2BFB8512D0" bold="true" box="[811,1083,1208,1234]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">Polysyncraton cerebellum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="549357DCFF973173EF04FB2BFBC012D0" box="[1091,1150,1208,1234]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF973173E825FB44FBF912F3" box="[866,1095,1239,1265]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF973173E825FB44FBF912F3" blockId="72.[811,1150,1208,1265]" box="[866,1095,1239,1265]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
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(
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF973173E82EFB44FC0212F3" box="[873,956,1239,1265]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="72.[714,725,1112,1129]" captionTargetBox="[719,1248,166,1075]" captionTargetId="figure-421@72.[682,1287,145,1106]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIG. 57. — Polysyncraton cerebellum n. sp.; A, B, thoraces; C, abdomen; D, larva. Scale bars: A, C, D, 0.5 mm; B, 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391555/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">Figs 57</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF973173E88FFB44FC4612F3" box="[968,1016,1239,1265]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="73.[250,261,960,977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1247,166,926]" captionTargetId="figure-336@73.[151,701,166,926]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIG. 58. — Spicules; A, Polysyncraton cerebellum n. sp.; B, Polysyncraton vestiens n. sp. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391557/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">58A</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF973173EF44FB44FB8012F3" box="[1027,1086,1239,1265]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="162.[151,162,1565,1582]" captionTargetBox="[162,1240,227,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-69@162.[162,1261,227,1550]" captionTargetPageId="162" captionText="FIG. 121. — A, Polysyncraton aspiculatum Tokioka, 1949; B, Polysyncraton cerebellum n. sp.; C, Polysyncraton thallomorpha Monniot F., 1993;D, Diplosoma marsupiale n. sp.; E, Diplosoma pannosum n. sp.; F, Diplosoma pavonia Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391671/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">121B</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF973173E98DFA83FB901359" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF973173E98DFA83FB901359" blockId="72.[714,1247,1295,1528]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
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<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FF973173E98DFA83FCDB1324" box="[714,869,1296,1319]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
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<typeStatus id="A26F8817FF973173E98DFA83FD421327" box="[714,764,1296,1319]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">TYPE</typeStatus>
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MATERIAL
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</collectionCode>
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. —
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF973173E8D2FA9CFC6B1325" bold="true" box="[917,981,1295,1319]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
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||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FF973173E8D2FA9CFC6F1325" box="[917,977,1295,1319]" name="Palau" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">Palau</collectingCountry>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Southwest Islands, Helen Reef, overhang,
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<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FF973173E838FAB9FC481340" box="[895,1014,1322,1346]" degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="53.03" orientation="latitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" precision="9" value="2.8838334">2°53.03’N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FF973173EF43FAB9FB2F1340" box="[1028,1169,1322,1346]" degrees="131" direction="east" minutes="44.94" orientation="longitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" precision="9" value="131.749">131°44.94’E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="BA2C9B50FF973173EFD8FAB9FB641342" box="[1183,1242,1321,1346]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="096A1075FF973173E98DFAD0FCFA1359" box="[714,836,1347,1371]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" value="1996-12-10">10.XII.1996</date>
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(
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<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FF973173E815FAD0FC181359" box="[850,934,1347,1371]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">MNHN</collectionCode>
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A2
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<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FF973173E888FAD0FC411359" box="[975,1023,1347,1371]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">POL</collectionCode>
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97).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF973173E98DFAF8FBE713FA" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF973173E98DFAF8FB081386" blockId="72.[714,1247,1295,1528]" box="[714,1206,1387,1412]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
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ETYMOLOGY. — From the Latin
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF973173EF4BFAFFFBD11386" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[1036,1135,1388,1412]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cerebellum">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF973173EF4BFAFFFBD11386" box="[1036,1135,1388,1412]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">cerebellum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: brain.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF973173E98DFA07FBE713FA" blockId="72.[714,1247,1295,1528]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
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||
OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF973173EF55FA00FB6113AE" bold="true" box="[1042,1247,1427,1452]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
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||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FF973173EF55FA00FB6513AE" box="[1042,1243,1427,1452]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Louisiade Archipelago, Calvados Island Chain, Brooker Channel,
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<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FF973173E8E8FA54FB8F13DD" box="[943,1073,1479,1503]" degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="03.09" orientation="latitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" precision="9" value="-11.0515">11°03.09’S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FF973173EF00FA54FB6513DD" box="[1095,1243,1479,1503]" degrees="152" direction="east" minutes="28.62" orientation="longitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" precision="9" value="152.477">152°28.62’E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="BA2C9B50FF973173E98DFA73FCBE13F4" box="[714,768,1503,1528]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="096A1075FF973173E84DFA73FCCE13FA" box="[778,880,1504,1528]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" value="1998-06-01">1.VI.1998</date>
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(MNHN A2 POL 96).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF973172E98DF9B4FBBB13E0" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="274" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF973173E98DF9B4FCE5103D" blockId="72.[714,1247,1575,1666]" box="[714,859,1575,1601]" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF973172E98DF9D4FD2D1360" blockId="72.[714,1247,1575,1666]" lastBlockId="73.[151,684,1031,1666]" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="274" pageId="72" pageNumber="273">
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In large crusts about
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<quantity id="BA2C9B50FF973173E8EDF9DBFBBF1063" box="[938,1025,1607,1634]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="72" pageNumber="273" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2-3 mm</quantity>
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thick, these colonies are marbled with brown on a white ground. The pattern suggests a brain’s surface (
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF963172E96BFB9BFD1D1220" box="[556,675,1032,1058]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="162.[151,162,1565,1582]" captionTargetBox="[162,1240,227,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-69@162.[162,1261,227,1550]" captionTargetPageId="162" captionText="FIG. 121. — A, Polysyncraton aspiculatum Tokioka, 1949; B, Polysyncraton cerebellum n. sp.; C, Polysyncraton thallomorpha Monniot F., 1993;D, Diplosoma marsupiale n. sp.; E, Diplosoma pannosum n. sp.; F, Diplosoma pavonia Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391671/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="274">Fig. 121B</figureCitation>
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) (hence the species name). The zooids are irregularly placed on the sides of large channels delimiting oval or polygonal areas. The common cloacal apertures are numerous and stellate. The pigment cells are superficial. Dark brown inclusions lie in the basal test. The colonies are easily delaminated into a surface layer containing the oral siphons and the cloacal languets and a basal layer containing the abdomens and larvae. The thoraces are included in pillars of tunic uniting these layers.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="29AB663DFF963172EBBDFC53FBC315D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391557" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5391557" box="[250,1149,960,977]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391557/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="274" startId="73.[250,261,960,977]" targetBox="[151,1247,166,926]" targetPageId="73">
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||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF963172EBBDFC53FBC315D3" blockId="73.[250,1149,960,977]" box="[250,1149,960,977]" pageId="73" pageNumber="274">
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||
FIG. 58. — Spicules;
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||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF963172EAE1FC53FE0D15D3" bold="true" box="[422,435,960,977]" pageId="73" pageNumber="274">A</emphasis>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF963172EAFAFC53FD2A15D3" authority="Monniot & Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[445,660,960,977]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="73" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cerebellum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF963172EAFAFC53FD2A15D3" box="[445,660,960,977]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="274">Polysyncraton cerebellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="549357DCFF963172E9DEFC53FD7515D3" box="[665,715,960,977]" pageId="73" pageNumber="274" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
;
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||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF963172E996FC53FD6015D3" bold="true" box="[721,734,960,977]" pageId="73" pageNumber="274">B</emphasis>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF963172E9AEFC53FC1815D3" authority="Monniot & Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[745,934,960,977]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="73" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vestiens" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF963172E9AEFC53FC1815D3" box="[745,934,960,977]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="274">Polysyncraton vestiens</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="549357DCFF963172E8EBFC53FC6215D3" box="[940,988,960,977]" pageId="73" pageNumber="274" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
Scale bars: 10 µm.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF963172EBD0FAFBFB9F1360" blockId="73.[151,684,1031,1666]" lastBlockId="73.[714,1247,1031,1506]" pageId="73" pageNumber="274">
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The oral siphons are large, funnel-shaped, with six lobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF963172EB9CFA1BFEE413A3" box="[219,346,1415,1442]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="72.[714,725,1112,1129]" captionTargetBox="[719,1248,166,1075]" captionTargetId="figure-421@72.[682,1287,145,1106]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIG. 57. — Polysyncraton cerebellum n. sp.; A, B, thoraces; C, abdomen; D, larva. Scale bars: A, C, D, 0.5 mm; B, 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391555/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="274">Fig. 57A, B</figureCitation>
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). The cloacal aperture uncovers most of the branchial sac. The languet is either short with a round tip (
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<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF963172EACCFA5BFE5713E0" box="[395,489,1480,1506]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="72.[714,725,1112,1129]" captionTargetBox="[719,1248,166,1075]" captionTargetId="figure-421@72.[682,1287,145,1106]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIG. 57. — Polysyncraton cerebellum n. sp.; A, B, thoraces; C, abdomen; D, larva. Scale bars: A, C, D, 0.5 mm; B, 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391555/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="274">Fig. 57A</figureCitation>
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) or, in zooids near the common cloacal apertures, large and T-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF963172EBD8F99BFEBF1020" box="[159,257,1544,1570]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="72.[714,725,1112,1129]" captionTargetBox="[719,1248,166,1075]" captionTargetId="figure-421@72.[682,1287,145,1106]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIG. 57. — Polysyncraton cerebellum n. sp.; A, B, thoraces; C, abdomen; D, larva. Scale bars: A, C, D, 0.5 mm; B, 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391555/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="274">Fig. 57B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The branchial sac has eight to 10 stigmata per side in the first row. The lateral thoracic organs protrude from the rim of the cloacal aperture at the level of the first or second stigmata row. The retractor muscle, shorter than the thorax, projects at the base of the oesophageal peduncle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF963172E995FBDBFC851260" box="[722,827,1096,1122]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="72.[714,725,1112,1129]" captionTargetBox="[719,1248,166,1075]" captionTargetId="figure-421@72.[682,1287,145,1106]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIG. 57. — Polysyncraton cerebellum n. sp.; A, B, thoraces; C, abdomen; D, larva. Scale bars: A, C, D, 0.5 mm; B, 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391555/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="274">Fig. 57A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The gut loop is largely opened and only slightly twisted when the testis is fully mature. There are two testis follicles, tightly pressed against each other, covered by five turns of the sperm duct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF963172E8E4FB5BFBB312E0" box="[931,1037,1224,1250]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="72.[714,725,1112,1129]" captionTargetBox="[719,1248,166,1075]" captionTargetId="figure-421@72.[682,1287,145,1106]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIG. 57. — Polysyncraton cerebellum n. sp.; A, B, thoraces; C, abdomen; D, larva. Scale bars: A, C, D, 0.5 mm; B, 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391555" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391555/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="274">Fig. 57C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ovary develops against the testis with one large oocyte. The larval trunks are
|
||
<quantity id="BA2C9B50FF963172E8CDFA9BFC731323" box="[906,973,1287,1314]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="73" pageNumber="274" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Larvae have three adhesive papillae and at their base a comb-like crown of 24 pairs of ampullae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF963172E98DFAFBFBBB13E0" blockId="73.[714,1247,1031,1506]" pageId="73" pageNumber="274">
|
||
The spicules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF963172E823FAFBFC791380" box="[868,967,1384,1410]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="73.[250,261,960,977]" captionTargetBox="[151,1247,166,926]" captionTargetId="figure-336@73.[151,701,166,926]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIG. 58. — Spicules; A, Polysyncraton cerebellum n. sp.; B, Polysyncraton vestiens n. sp. Scale bars: 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391557/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="274">Fig. 58A</figureCitation>
|
||
) are stellate with numerous short, pointed rays. The largest spicules reach 65 µm in diameter. They are very dense throughout the tunic, making it stiff.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF963171E98DF994FE661483" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="275" pageId="73" pageNumber="274" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF963172E98DF994FC90101D" blockId="73.[714,1247,1543,1666]" box="[714,814,1543,1569]" pageId="73" pageNumber="274">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF963171E98DF9BBFED01763" blockId="73.[714,1247,1543,1666]" lastBlockId="74.[151,684,168,642]" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="275" pageId="73" pageNumber="274">
|
||
This species is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF963172EF69F9BBFC161060" authority="Monniot F., 1993" authorityName="Monniot F." authorityYear="1993" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="73" pageNumber="274" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thallomorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF963172EF69F9BBFB601040" box="[1070,1246,1576,1602]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="274">P. thallomorpha</emphasis>
|
||
Monniot F., 1993
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It differs in the colony’s pigment pattern and the arrangement of the zooids in meshes. Also, the oral siphon is less wide in this new species. The lateral thoracic organs are above the third row of stigmata in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF953171EBD0FE9BFEFD1720" box="[151,323,264,290]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="74" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thallomorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF953171EBD0FE9BFEFD1720" box="[151,323,264,290]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">P. thallomorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The larvae are very similar in both species. The spicules have more rays in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF953171EBD0FEDBFE9B1760" authority="Monniot & Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,293,328,354]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="74" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cerebellum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF953171EBD0FEDBFE9B1760" box="[151,293,328,354]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">P. cerebellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="549357DCFF953171EA68FED4FED01763" box="[303,366,327,353]" pageId="74" pageNumber="275" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF953171EBD0FEFBFE661483" blockId="74.[151,684,168,642]" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF953171EBD0FEFBFDD41780" authority="Brewin, 1956" authorityName="Brewin" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,618,360,386]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="74" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lithostrotum">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF953171EBD0FEFBFE7F1780" box="[151,449,360,386]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">Polysyncraton lithostrotum</emphasis>
|
||
Brewin, 1956
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FF953171EBD0FE14FEFE17A0" box="[151,320,391,418]" name="New Zealand" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and recorded again in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FF953171E933FE14FEB617C0" name="New Caledonia" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Monniot F. 1993: 4, fig. 1, pl. 1A) has also a mosaic pattern but a very different one; the zooids in that species are included in polygons in the centre of each of which opens a single common cloacal cavity. The anatomy of the zooids and larvae in that species are exactly the same as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF953171EA4BFDFBFE281480" authority="Monniot & Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[268,406,616,642]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="74" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cerebellum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF953171EA4BFDFBFE281480" box="[268,406,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">P. cerebellum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="549357DCFF953171EADAFDF4FE661483" box="[413,472,615,641]" pageId="74" pageNumber="275" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF953171EBE3FD36FE5F14DC" pageId="74" pageNumber="275" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF953171EBE3FD36FE5F14DC" blockId="74.[164,671,676,734]" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF953171EBE3FD36FD2114BD" authority="Monniot F., 1993" authorityName="Monniot F." authorityYear="1993" box="[164,671,676,703]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="74" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thallomorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF953171EBE3FD36FE6D14BD" bold="true" box="[164,467,677,703]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">Polysyncraton thallomorpha</emphasis>
|
||
Monniot F., 1993
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF953171EA2EFD57FE6714DC" box="[361,473,708,734]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="162.[151,162,1565,1582]" captionTargetBox="[162,1240,227,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-69@162.[162,1261,227,1550]" captionTargetPageId="162" captionText="FIG. 121. — A, Polysyncraton aspiculatum Tokioka, 1949; B, Polysyncraton cerebellum n. sp.; C, Polysyncraton thallomorpha Monniot F., 1993;D, Diplosoma marsupiale n. sp.; E, Diplosoma pannosum n. sp.; F, Diplosoma pavonia Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391671/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">Fig. 121C</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF953171EBD0FD6EFDF1152C" pageId="74" pageNumber="275" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF953171EBD0FD6EFDF1152C" blockId="74.[151,684,764,905]" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF953171EBD0FD6EFD191517" ID-CoL="4LPBD" authority="Monniot F., 1993: 13" authorityName="Monniot F." authorityPageNumber="13" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,679,764,789]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="74" pageNumber="275" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thallomorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF953171EBD0FD6EFE0E1517" box="[151,432,765,789]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">Polysyncraton thallomorpha</emphasis>
|
||
Monniot F., 1993: 13
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 7, pl. IIA.
|
||
<typeStatus id="A26F8817FF953171EA64FC86FEE8152F" box="[291,342,789,813]" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FF953171EAF7FC86FDF5152C" box="[432,587,789,814]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF953171EBD0FCADFE4D158B" pageId="74" pageNumber="275" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF953171EBD0FCADFE4D158B" blockId="74.[151,684,764,905]" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FF953171EBD0FCADFEC91556" box="[151,375,830,853]" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">MATERIAL EXAMINED</collectionCode>
|
||
. —
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF953171EAEDFCACFD8E1555" bold="true" box="[426,560,831,855]" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FF953171EAEDFCACFD941555" box="[426,554,831,855]" name="Philippines" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BF10F857FF953171E97FFCACFDC61555" box="[568,632,831,855]" country="Philippines" name="Bohol" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">Bohol</collectingRegion>
|
||
Sea,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BF10F857FF953171EBD0FCCBFEBC1572" box="[151,258,856,880]" country="Philippines" name="Camiguin" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">Camiguin</collectingRegion>
|
||
Island,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FF953171EA19FCCBFE6C1572" box="[350,466,856,880]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="12.89" orientation="latitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="275" precision="9" value="9.214833">9°12.89’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18E05072FF953171EAA6FCCBFDD21572" box="[481,620,856,880]" degrees="124" direction="east" minutes="38.03" orientation="longitude" pageId="74" pageNumber="275" precision="9" value="124.633835">124°38.03’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="BA2C9B50FF953171E93DFCC4FD19156C" box="[634,679,855,878]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="74" pageNumber="275" unit="m" value="7.0">7 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="096A1075FF953171EBD0FCE2FEB7158B" box="[151,265,881,905]" pageId="74" pageNumber="275" value="1997-04-18">18.IV.1997</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FF953171EA50FCE2FED5158B" box="[279,363,881,905]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
A2
|
||
<collectionCode id="1BC5AE70FF953171EAD3FCE2FE7A158B" box="[404,452,881,905]" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">POL</collectionCode>
|
||
88).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF953171EBD0FC54FE2B1080" pageId="74" pageNumber="275" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF953171EBD0FC54FE9615DD" blockId="74.[151,685,967,1666]" box="[151,296,967,993]" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF953171EBD0FC7BFF6012C0" blockId="74.[151,685,967,1666]" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">
|
||
The colonies have the characteristic shape described in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="05C37625FF953171EA6CFB94FE5E1220" box="[299,480,1031,1058]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
; hard, thin crusts partially raised above the sediment. The colour is darker here, almost black, but the margins of the lobes remain white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E5EF2A30FF953171EA3AFBFBFE4A1280" box="[381,500,1128,1154]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="162.[151,162,1565,1582]" captionTargetBox="[162,1240,227,1527]" captionTargetId="figure-69@162.[162,1261,227,1550]" captionTargetPageId="162" captionText="FIG. 121. — A, Polysyncraton aspiculatum Tokioka, 1949; B, Polysyncraton cerebellum n. sp.; C, Polysyncraton thallomorpha Monniot F., 1993;D, Diplosoma marsupiale n. sp.; E, Diplosoma pannosum n. sp.; F, Diplosoma pavonia Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5391671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5391671/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">Fig. 121C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The undersurface of the leaf-like crust is extremely hard with ridges.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF953171EBD0FB5BFE301300" blockId="74.[151,685,967,1666]" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">The pigment cells are dendritic, restricted to the colony’s upper surface.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF953171EBD0FA9BFEBF1040" blockId="74.[151,685,967,1666]" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">The zooids have the characteristic long and wide oral siphon, and a large cloacal aperture with a languet varying in length according to the proximity of the zooids to the common cloacal cavity. The lateral thoracic organs protrude at the level of the third stigmata row. The two testis lobes overlap the gut loop and are covered by five turns of the sperm duct. The larvae have three adhesive papillae encircled by very numerous digitiform ampullae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF953171EBD0F9DBFE2B1080" blockId="74.[151,685,967,1666]" pageId="74" pageNumber="275">The spicules are irregular, as figured in Monniot F. (1993: pl. II A).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |