167 lines
20 KiB
XML
167 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="DCE9AE377868431C7706A8743656594E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5391440" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5391440" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630315127817" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Monniot, Françoise & Monniot, Claude" docDate="2001" docId="F57D87A3FF813165EBB4FF3BFBAC1520" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.2001.23.2.201-383.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 23 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:64A3174DE33E974D4EB6573A0A793B12.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="64A3174DE33E974D4EB6573A0A793B12" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Rhopalaea Philippi 1843" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="295" masterDocId="0944FFDBFFDF313BEB47FF93FFBE1602" masterDocTitle="Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="383" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="295" updateTime="1699223418854" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="11E8F2667FE9B8BF9D7EE44DA558DAC0">
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<mods:title id="225994B2D9F238D5B76F56294B3F0D00">Ascidians from the tropical western Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A1DC708B1DD8748FC8FB14A03D315EB4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BC5166F2A7181714F9E7BD6C565C34F9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9DFEE1DB9BE620218B5BE3DFEEA58213">Monniot, Françoise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3B9197B809B3412366519CF9ABE065E8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C74D4771CCBE6902A9E4DA3815625D05">Monniot, Claude</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5909BE1DE4C8F8F7AFD2E9CC3D6253E9">UPESA 8044, Laboratoire de Biologie des Invertébrés marins et Malacologie, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 55 rue Buffon, F- 75005 Paris (France) monniot @ mnhn. fr.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D36844160B1FA822302EED50C3FE7109" type="email">monniot@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="7742BDE7B351EA1E71EDF4EC3EDFBBE2">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2F860D659724E295C457C95534EA8C7B">
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<mods:date id="05DD133FD59A132904B3BC8EB632B470">2001</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FD39640CA171D9015FFAAD34B8AA7F74" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="71DD6AA1392B7089CDAAAFF9D9211A13">23</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="1DD774769E16A020E2399D6DA8B4B46D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5391440</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F57D87A3FF813165EBB4FF3BFBAC1520" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5468085" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5468085" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F57D87A3FF813165EBB4FF3BFBAC1520" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F57D87A3FF813165EBB4FF3BFBAC1520" lastPageNumber="295" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">
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<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF813165EBB4FF3BFDF116C0" box="[243,591,168,194]" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF813165EBB4FF3BFDF116C0" blockId="94.[243,591,168,194]" box="[243,591,168,194]" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">
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<heading id="262381D9FF813165EBB4FF3BFDF116C0" box="[243,591,168,194]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" reason="2">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165EA07FF3BFDF116C0" ID-CoL="7PXNG" authority="Philippi, 1843" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1843" box="[320,591,168,194]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165EA07FF3BFE1516C0" box="[320,427,168,194]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">Rhopalaea</emphasis>
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Philippi, 1843
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35CE653EFF813165EBD0FF74FBAC1520" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF813165EBD0FF74FF4516FD" blockId="94.[151,685,231,1666]" box="[151,251,231,257]" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">REMARKS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF813165EBD0FE9BFDA01200" blockId="94.[151,685,231,1666]" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">
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This genus units phlebobranch species, solitary or colonial, with the gut located under the branchial sac. It is closely allied to the genus
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165E96EFEDBFD321763" box="[553,652,328,353]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165E96EFEDBFD361763" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[553,648,328,353]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Diazona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Diazona</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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in which all species are colonial and have at least the abdomen included in a common tunic.
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165E905FE1BFF5817C0" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165E905FE1BFD1217A0" box="[578,684,392,418]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">Rhopalaea</emphasis>
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species
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</taxonomicName>
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are known in all warm and temperate seas, from shallow waters to the bathyal area. Their mode of budding is not completely known. In some solitary species a regeneration of the thorax starting from the abdomen has been demonstrated (
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165EBB4FDDBFDC01460" authority="Vasquez & Young, 1996" authorityName="Vasquez & Young" authorityYear="1996" box="[243,638,583,610]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cloneyi">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165EBB4FDDBFEE51460" box="[243,347,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">R. cloneyi</emphasis>
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Vasquez & Young, 1996
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</taxonomicName>
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). In other species the regeneration has not been directly observed but can be supposed, as some specimens have rings of hard tunic around the abdominal region which correspond to the successive accumulation of tunics from regressed thoraces; examples of the latter are
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165E953FC9BFEE41540" authority="Philippi, 1843" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1843" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neapolitana">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165E953FC9BFD121520" box="[532,684,776,802]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">R. neapolitana</emphasis>
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Philippi, 1843
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165EAE0FCBBFD151543" box="[423,683,808,834]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">R h o p a l a e a p e r l u c i d a</emphasis>
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Monniot C., 1997. Colony formation has been observed two times by
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<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FF813165EA97FCFBFD381580" author="MILLAR R. H." box="[464,646,872,898]" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" pagination="205 - 336" refId="ref86612" refString="MILLAR R. H. 1975. - Ascidians from the Indowest-Pacific region in the Zoological Museum, Copenhagen (Tunicata, Ascidiacea). Steenstrupia 3: 205 - 336." type="journal article" year="1975">Millar (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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in
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165EBD0FC1BFE8515A3" baseAuthorityName="Herdman" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[151,315,903,930]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165EBD0FC1BFE8515A3" box="[151,315,903,930]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">Rhopalaea fusca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165EA0BFC1BFE1815A3" baseAuthorityName="Herdman" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[332,422,904,929]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165EA0BFC1BFE1815A3" box="[332,422,904,929]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">R. crassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), where buds arise from vascular ampullae, and in
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165EAF2FC3BFED715E0" authority="Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987" authorityName="Monniot C. & Monniot F." authorityYear="1987" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="piru">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165EAF2FC3BFDBF15C3" box="[437,513,936,961]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">R. piru</emphasis>
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Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987
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</taxonomicName>
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. In the latter case, there is a multiple regeneration phenomenon.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF813165EBD0FB9BFC101703" blockId="94.[151,685,231,1666]" lastBlockId="94.[714,1247,167,802]" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">
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The first descriptions of
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165EAF3FB9BFD9D1220" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1843" box="[436,547,1032,1058]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165EAF3FB9BFD9D1220" box="[436,547,1032,1058]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">Rhopalaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were established from badly preserved specimens, often not complete. All the
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165EA18FBDBFE751260" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1843" box="[351,459,1096,1122]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165EA18FBDBFE751260" box="[351,459,1096,1122]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">Rhopalaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have the same kind of thorax, and the gut and gonads are embedded in an opaque tissue, characters which were unavailable to the authors to distinguish the species. The
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<typeStatus id="A26F8817FF813165EA61FB54FEEB12E3" box="[294,341,1223,1249]" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">type</typeStatus>
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specimens and those from old collections are in poor condition, and the criteria now used to distinguish the species in this genus cannot be seen in them. In these circumstances, it is understandable that some authors have concluded that there might be only one species in the genus: “the information that is presently available suggests that
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165EA62FA3BFE0313C0" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1843" box="[293,445,1448,1474]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neapolitana">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165EA62FA3BFE0313C0" box="[293,445,1448,1474]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">R. neapolitana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165EA8DFA3BFD9C13C3" baseAuthorityName="Herdman" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[458,546,1448,1473]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165EA8DFA3BFD9C13C3" box="[458,546,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">R. crassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165E968FA3BFF1313E0" authorityName="Tokioka" authorityYear="1971" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="birkelandi">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165E968FA3BFF1313E0" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">R. birkelandi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165EBADFA5BFE2E13E0" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[234,400,1480,1506]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abdominalis">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165EBADFA5BFE2E13E0" box="[234,400,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">R. abdominalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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could represent populations of a single diverse circumglobal species” (
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<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FF813165EBD9F99BFE551020" author="KOTT P. & GOODBODY I." box="[158,491,1544,1570]" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" pagination="503 - 554" refId="ref86051" refString="KOTT P. & GOODBODY I. 1982. - The ascidians of Hong Kong, in MORTON B. S. & TSENG C. K (eds), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong: 503 - 554." type="book chapter" year="1982">Kott & Goodbody 1982: 510</bibRefCitation>
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). In that publication the name
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165EA0AF9BBFE0D1043" baseAuthorityName="Herdman" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[333,435,1576,1601]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165EA0AF9BBFE0D1043" box="[333,435,1576,1601]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">R. crassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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covers all described species from the western Pacific Ocean. The last descriptions of
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165EA78F9FBFE271083" baseAuthorityName="Herdman" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[319,409,1640,1665]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassa">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165EA78F9FBFE271083" box="[319,409,1640,1665]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">R. crassa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FF813165EA99F9F4FCA816C0" author="KOTT P. & GOODBODY I." box="[478,790,168,1666]" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" pagination="503 - 554" refId="ref86051" refString="KOTT P. & GOODBODY I. 1982. - The ascidians of Hong Kong, in MORTON B. S. & TSENG C. K (eds), The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong: 503 - 554." type="book chapter" year="1982">Kott & Goodbody (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FF813165E864FF3BFC5416C0" author="NISHIKAWA T." box="[803,1002,168,194]" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" pagination="25 - 170" refId="ref88147" refString="NISHIKAWA T. 1991. - The ascidians of the Japan Sea. II. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 35 (1 - 3): 25 - 170." type="journal article" year="1991">Nishikawa (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FF813165EF61FF34FB0916C0" author="KOTT P." box="[1062,1207,167,194]" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" pagination="621 - 655" refId="ref85987" refString="KOTT P. 1992 b. - The Australian Ascidiacea, supplement 2. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 32 (2): 621 - 655." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott (1992b)</bibRefCitation>
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are difficult to work with, as characters of several species are mixed up.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D6B36B5FF813165E98DFE94FBAC1520" blockId="94.[714,1247,167,802]" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">
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For some years the species of
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165EF44FE9BFBD01720" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1843" box="[1027,1134,264,290]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165EF44FE9BFBD01720" box="[1027,1134,264,290]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">Rhopalaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been collected in excellent condition and photographed
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165E807FEDBFC3A1763" box="[832,900,328,353]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">in situ</emphasis>
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. Precise descriptions have been made and have shown that morphological differences exist between the species. The genus is diversified but few species are yet identified. The large variety of shapes and colours is well-illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FF813165E87FFE7BFCBA1420" author="GOSLINER T. M. & BEHRENS D. W. & WILLIAMS G. C." pageId="94" pageNumber="295" refId="ref85007" refString="GOSLINER T. M., BEHRENS D. W. & WILLIAMS G. C. 1996. - Coral Reef Animals of the Indo-Pacific. Sea Challenger, Monterey, California, 314 p." type="book" year="1996">Gosliner, Behrens & Williams (1996: 293)</bibRefCitation>
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in “Coral Reef Animals of the Indo Pacific”. In the five photographs we recognise
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165E98DFDDBFCCE1463" baseAuthorityName="Herdman" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[714,880,583,610]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
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<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165E98DFDDBFCCE1463" box="[714,880,583,610]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">Rhopalaea fusca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="BAD44D36FF813165E8ECFDDBFBDA1460" authority="Monniot & Monniot, 2001" authorityName="Monniot & Monniot" authorityYear="2001" box="[939,1124,584,610]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Diazonidae" genus="Rhopalaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="circula" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FA0EAA7FF813165E8ECFDDBFBDA1460" box="[939,1124,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="295">Rhopalaea circula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="549357DCFF813165EF2AFDD4FB141463" box="[1133,1194,583,609]" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The three others have distinctly different appearances and probably belong to other species, but they were not collected. It is also probable that the species figured in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="19454B44FF813165E8D2FD54FBA914E0" author="KOTT P." box="[917,1047,711,738]" pageId="94" pageNumber="295" pagination="1 - 266" refId="ref85922" refString="KOTT P. 1990. - The Australian Ascidiacea. Part 2: Aplousobranchia (1). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29 (1): 1 - 266." type="journal article" year="1990">Kott (1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 1b, c), which has the extremity of the sperm duct marked with a yellow point, is undescribed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |