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<document id="68F8BC350B24E06C1351403C6AA39974" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225" ID-ZooBank="94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80" ID-publisher-id="117225" URI-arpha="255F6420-5705-5F50-9167-509E6C76FA1C" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1721676390257" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Angus, Robert B., Maté, Jason F., Angus, Elizabeth M. &amp; Král, David" docDate="2024" docId="3EF5EA588BCC5C07A9036A941DDCB1D7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1207: 205-299" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1207" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/117225/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Aphodius (Liothorax) alberti Angus, Maté, Angus &amp; Král, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="EB4FACD0-EC1A-40A1-9DFB-EB3418C749F6" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="299" masterDocId="255F642057055F509167509E6C76FA1C" masterDocTitle="Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="299" masterPageNumber="205" pageNumber="205" updateTime="1721676524171" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods id="0680F199D46D3ADF485907EA9B8E7D88" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="65C8101C6133C69AB415583CD9BD748F">
<mods:title id="505915838034A50CF32E85A21E4447D1">Towards a revision of the Palaearctic species of Aphodius Hellwig, 1798, subgenus Liothorax Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="0E96E43134FAA144B722107405F01FD2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7104954620C9DC98D3601A89C5197024">
<mods:roleTerm id="D8994BF12810395FBF82E9C33F2B7D6D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4791FC7948A035BA57DB412F0EBA2BC4">Angus, Robert B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5DB599E03002826AD2DC1EC85A29C18F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-3860-5617</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="E424E521E498443076F577EE0821D168">Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="35FBA967BF7C98579A0FE31D467C8BD6" type="personal">
<mods:role id="647B88CD083AA734D8AFB9875D524FD1">
<mods:roleTerm id="6E7C9D73BEDC49DB40631F8D77476F58">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="44511B0083E90A5B5E128F3D5F56C394">Maté, Jason F.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9A71CCE21941101DBE49F45833AEDA59" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2505-7113</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="BE87C5D8AA095C5E729D257BB4623CF5">c / Henares 16, Velilla de San Antonio, Madrid, 28891, Spain</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="BBB3D5A7E30594CB9CB98A7623FB8E9D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1C2E61F8E8167CBCD4C40BF2A73806F3">
<mods:roleTerm id="7F8D0FBE5EB727947E18FCDDB0791B67">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0E5F42BA18B4E145C28A8A4C4AB70077">Angus, Elizabeth M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8CDDD8DB657CC402F9BB62CD06FA0A12">Biomedical Imaging Unit, Level B South Block, Mail point 12, General Hospital, Southampton SO 16 6 YD, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6FE6AFA6B3AFF48DB727B250E6A4D89C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E08A71E1F7EE88C196F84420DC1DAE56">
<mods:roleTerm id="0BC6E42640F02E3B26C8989C62A23F2C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7552671EFC6BC13EF4D4009F3D42CB2E">Král, David</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="458AAE86B3642641E5605CD5A4605A32" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7930-1927</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B3E4BC486FD8E2B56B36F357082E7D62">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ- 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="C070073590E123FA258DEA6115FE11B9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="685855428DD61D98B2BF5AF4DD6B1CB3" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="626639460BEFEA243C959AAAC9A202AA">
<mods:title id="39F3549FB573646860275025A25804AF">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="4FD9753B7490C0C7987121D7EF3F29D2">
<mods:date id="E24068EF0F4208E3403B52FBE7EC7628">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BD5EE713A4FCFDFC94ED6F1891999809" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="A08541CF39F450A1E1633853CB2F024B">2024-07-22</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="B424A8974F4A8E951CE4696ECF75C07E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A67EA5B6825DA20FD7C8804024673063">1207</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="264828F151153FB04482B1F705FD3229" unit="page">
<mods:start id="7B7AE1936BF02AD389015E7D19F64F33">205</mods:start>
<mods:end id="EFF1E2837211CA2549AAD4C2A15ECD5B">299</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="92C18B208EAD208D8C61FDDC6BF1A305">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A2477807328FE0E2A76191238892C67A" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9259CF080F86FD02ECCFC7C50D67614F" type="ZooBank">94F18819-5AF5-4100-AB35-AA3C3976EE80</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="3EF5EA588BCC5C07A9036A941DDCB1D7" ID-arpha="3EF5EA58-8BCC-5C07-A903-6A941DDCB1D7" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/EB4FACD0-EC1A-40A1-9DFB-EB3418C749F6" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EB4FACD0-EC1A-40A1-9DFB-EB3418C749F6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EB4FACD0-EC1A-40A1-9DFB-EB3418C749F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3EF5EA588BCC5C07A9036A941DDCB1D7">
<subSubSection id="3CAF548AC4EA2110910520AD2B24F102" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D956D9990042F0C4832902A2D21FEACC">
<taxonomicName id="D892D45A97BA697318A7EFA78BC878A3" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alberti" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Liothorax">
<emphasis id="6B9E7E7D3C22199741D2A6508CFCFFF5" italics="true">Aphodius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="A7830C7C998E54570E60D4816D10BD5D" italics="true">Liothorax</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="AB80C8B85674BF7B9A79DC5D2B134C39" italics="true">alberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="39960CE37534803D23CE79CD1A729EF0" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F5B96226186D63FCCE554C1E1A99CF3C" type="description">
<paragraph id="5122A4712936D7FE7E8579FDC76277A1">
<figureCitation id="BEF4A433321BDECB42D77D2E68BD6144" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a – i whole beetles a, b A. kraatzi a AF, Kabul, ♀ b KZ, Kyzil Kum c, d A. isikdagensis, TR, Ḉamildere c ♂ paratype d ♀ paratype e – g A. alberti sp. nov., TR. Rize, Ovitdagi e holotype ♂ f paratype ♂ g paratype ♀ h A. alberti?, ♂, AR, Armenia i A. isikdagensis?, ♂, TR, Artvin. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097461">Figs 3 e – g</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A557E7BCD0EBB50F5A57076B9AF2A522" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. a – p A. plagiatus group, heads and pronota a – c A. plagiatus plagiatus a GB, Norfolk b CZ, Moravia, Dobre Pole c RU, St Petersburg d A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Qinghai, Gangca e – g A. discoides e neotype IS Kuneitra f TR, Kyzil Dag g Turkey Muş h A. discoides, black ♂, TR, Karakurt i – k A. rutilipennis i A. ressli, holotype, TR, Hatay j CY, Akrotiri k A. cypricola, holotype, CY l A. chellala sp. nov., holotype, AG, Chellala m A. rusakovi, paratype ♂, RU, Orenburg n A. ballerioi sp. nov., paratype ♂, TR, Rize o, p L. kraatzi o RU, Astrakhan p SR. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097463">5 c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2C61D37C4DE54D0B67A49ABAFC942B43" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a – l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b ’ detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="7B3FB13D97FD2F0CCD05EB10CDE69102" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. a – k epipharynxes a, b A. kraatzi, SV c, d A. isikdagensis paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere e, f A. felix sp. nov., paratypes g, h A. bameuli paratypes i A. alberti?, AR j A. krelli sp. nov., paratype k, l A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes. Scale bar: 0.5 mm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097467">8 k, l</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D1BFADCD316532A8F8378978571A9A1C" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Legs a – h A. plagiatus group, stacked photographs mid tarsi and apical portions of tibiae a A. plagiatus sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Gangca, Qinghai b A. rodrigoi sp. nov. holotype, SP, Aranjuez c A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay d A. chellala sp. nov., holotype, AG, Chellala e A. discoides, neotype, IS, Keneitra f, g A. kraatzi f SV g RU, Karasuk, W. Siberia h A. rusakovi, paratype ♂, RU, Orenburg i – t A. niger group, mid tarsi, and tibial apices i – o SEM images p – t stacked photographs i A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn j A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi k, l A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica m, n A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia o A. wilsonae, paratype SP p, q A. felix sp. nov, IT, Abruzzo, Campo Felice p paratype q holotype r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily s A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere t A. alberti sp. nov., holotype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag u, v fore tibiae and tarsi of ♂♂ to show the spur. u A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica v A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg w, x apex of hind tibia to show the short spines w A. muscorum, HU x A. wilsonae, paratype, SP. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097482">
<quantity id="E29EAEEDB9ACADE1515FDE17D0E3FEB1" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.8" unit="t" value="18.0">18 t</quantity>
</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="74D40ED1CCF0B0F9382C8157EE5171A9" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Metaventrites, A. plagiatus group a A. plagiatus plagiatus, GB, Studland, ♂ b A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Gansu, ♀ c, d A. rutilipennis, CY c ♂ d ♀ e, f A. chellala sp. nov., paratypes, AG e ♂ f ♀ g, h A. kraatzi, RU, Orenburg, ♂ i A. kraatzi, SK, ♀ j A. rodrigoi sp. nov., holotype, ♂, SP, Provinicia de Madrid, Aranjuez k, l A. discoides k neotype ♂, IS, Kuneitra l TR, ♀ m, n A. rusakovi m paratype, ♂, RU, Orenburg n ♀ RU, Volgograd oblast’. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097486">20 o</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3C89E3104F012D57EC75D3A1D97456A0" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Metaventrites, A. niger group a – d A. niger a, c, d SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b GB, Hampshire, New Forest a, b ♂ c, d ♀ e, g – j A. muscorum e holotype ♀, HU, Vörös-tó f A. felix sp. nov., paratype ♂, IT, Campo Felice g ♂, HU, Hortobágyi h, i ♀♀, HU, Kisujszallas j ♀, HU, Josvafo k A. felix sp. nov. paratype ♀, IT, Campo Felice l, m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia l ♂ m ♀ n, o A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes, TR, Rize, Ovitdag n ♂, o ♀ p – r A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica p ♂ q, r ♀ s, t A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia s ♂ t ♀ u – w A. wilsonae, paratypes u, v SP, Manzanares el Real u ♂ v ♀ w ♀, SP, El Vellon x, y A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere x ♂ y ♀. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097488">21 n, o</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FE7F324238E0EC8584D577668312252" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. A. niger group aedeagi, cleared preparations mounted in DMHF on slides a – g, m – o dorsoventral view h – l, p right lateral view a A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype c A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere d A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia e – f A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdag e paratype, after squashing f the same specimen, before squashing g, h, j A. alberti sp. nov., different paratypes i A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, paramere k A. isikdagensis?, TR, Artvin l A. alberti?, Armenia m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia n A. bellumgerens, paratype IT, Sicily, Nebrodi o A. wilsonae, paratype, SP, Manzanares el Real p A. muscorum, HU, Hortobági. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097494">24 e – j 25 d, 26 b’, c’</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ER6CM" type="type material">
<paragraph id="99CC3C90151BD3DD2B654A796B3F09F0">
<heading id="C81D460E7EF6E6402937151BAF4B8D21" reason="title">Type material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B49927E8D4A827AC80B500CDA0327449">
<materialsCitation id="0FD86841500B845ABBCE33F14BA6AB39" collectingDate="1992-06-18" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="A. Ballerio." country="Turkey" location="Ovitdagi" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Rize" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B50DB534B44A023F6BA129C54735DCC0" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="1315D8CB88F6418F0F281899F758D730" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="695B7256699F6B90043D2766CAB615AE" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, “
<collectingCountry id="A3B66E4EFAD8BCA44232E610368737AF" name="Turkey">Turchia</collectingCountry>
– Vil.
<collectingRegion id="71B1EA5D2CAC1F99608507AEF626F03A" country="Turkey" name="Rize">Rize</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="519FC1F7974D5FC76DE1501B0EB67595" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3EF5EA588BCC5C07A9036A941DDCB1D7:519FC1F7974D5FC76DE1501B0EB67595" country="Turkey" name="Ovitdagi" stateProvince="Rize">Ovitdagi</location>
gecidi mt 2600,
<date id="6F4313DA2457CBBDC42992EFE2B0BED5" value="1992-06-18">
<collectingDate id="2E7A4A2370B0C7DA11CEF6AF9BB4421B" value="1992-06-18">18 - jun- 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
. leg.
<collectorName id="7364B405DADFC58B216C474D4349CF27">
<tp_taxon-name id="20EBEA493BC772B1605CA1E679836CC5">
<emphasis id="88983157ABADDAB64D8AE882745F4B4C" italics="true">
<tp_taxon-name-part id="9D8F8E0B42B623D423803E4AA14A336D" reg="Aphodius" taxon-name-part-type="genus">A.</tp_taxon-name-part>
</emphasis>
</tp_taxon-name>
Ballerio.
</collectorName>
” (
<named-content id="3AE8F6839E5775E673A1C45A8EADC654" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="The Natural History Museum, London">
<collectionCode id="050F06799A175BBB5CDBBA5F9F677D7E" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
</named-content>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<emphasis id="91CF39186A00BC537076BCC7839A3297" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="C7ED1BC2004A04285EB6136073737BFE" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="CE335098652FF51A3BC19C8294B7AB5F" count="4" type="male">4 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="91C2A60A4D350E55279F88C5E5114316" count="7" type="female">7 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, 17 unsexed, data as
<typeStatus id="A73636FECA829AA1FE8C4309A68138D1" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
<specimenCount id="51D554CB339546E54689C8145C1FB4EB" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="4048B02C1825E805B24367A3F032CD0F" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, 1 with mouthparts dissected (
<named-content id="A4877366761F4489A6F28F30864E4D64" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="The Natural History Museum, London">
<collectionCode id="806D64D14403E9DF4E0771E2F187F06F" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
</named-content>
),
<specimenCount id="1358381C3BCB74D50CAAC0861A1E8B93" count="1" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="7A113594A09B6896084851E33E30767D" count="2" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, 14 unsexed (
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENADM" xlink_title="Alberto Ballerio Collection">
<collectionCode id="3075AC01E00A6987B219560B73612A98">AB</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
).
<specimenCount id="22BBCCEFFCB7827AD85A287C7F86516C" count="5" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, data as
<typeStatus id="93D2DAA365187DCF1E262D64BF23B436" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ERADM" xlink_title="Jason Maté Collection">
<collectionCode id="7D029A32E5934D6B4B42F9F96038C2C4">JFMC</collectionCode>
</abbrev>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EVADM" type="material">
<paragraph id="42B43E515FE2B55DA4E6BC7780E9FCBE">
<heading id="CE8327344311EFAA1FB72C00717EC673" reason="title">Other material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="918EF982FCB1604DC035C61C43B8C89E">
<specimenCount id="BE8CC664B645F67A437B03E22DF19A4C" count="4" type="generic">Four specimens</specimenCount>
, unsexed, Ulu Dag b. Bursa As. M. occ. V: 1968 Schweiger,
<abbrev id="ABBRID0E2ADM" xlink_title="Muséum d’histiore naturelle, Genève">MNHG</abbrev>
, may belong to this species. A male from central
<collectingCountry id="DCC692623396835CF2DCC58D300CE738" name="Armenia">Armenia</collectingCountry>
, Selim Pass
<quantity id="42A2E6A3AB735107EC92C1DD668D161C" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" unit="m" value="2350.0">2350 m</quantity>
, coll. Ziani is shown by its parameres to belong to the
<taxonomicName id="22E499DF779267E7C7D033A59AD90798" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="51F41304FCF2E6743554A387560D6A95" italics="true">A. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complex, and it agrees with
<taxonomicName id="6FB4B1440E744722495C5B5618C19A12" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alberti">
<emphasis id="98B0A1B018B83D6BE32578E729108730" italics="true">A. alberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its black to blackish-brown appendages and its small size, length
<quantity id="EE74B5793897405C580CD6A767FDFB01" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
. The epipharynx of this specimen has the apophobae less regular but the darkened area is narrowed in its basal 1 / 4.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EVBDM" type="Differential diagnosis">
<paragraph id="5DE366C76F2C9A8F2C6E500C6C3F1EDF">
<heading id="1EEE7307B48224EFC056A695B1A90194" reason="title">Differential diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DFB86B24FB3739CDF157008CB114B486">
<taxonomicName id="21868A06EE8A9FE1F275B04572B34FAE" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alberti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E90A02BFD703DFA1AB2B99088E06ED60" italics="true">Aphodius alberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2F7501775719275E6C813C04354D09AE" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is the second
<taxonomicName id="4A296D5E9BB602A310F8888C873AD3EC" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="3527E186623443D6EC7A130F218C4FFE" italics="true">A. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group species recognised in
<collectingCountry id="2F0C59E5C91725C3632E9F5F199A7C5B" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
, and as such requires comparison with
<taxonomicName id="324A58A7247878F0240A0238E5AD69C1" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isikdagensis">
<emphasis id="63EAF9BD8157DC096541AE0453AF8EF0" italics="true">A. isikdagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The most striking distinctions are the size ranges: in
<taxonomicName id="923D5BC380AF4007825C1134550F8979" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alberti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FDD9708E9D7EDA1FD2908332CE03DDC0" italics="true">A. alberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="915FAA9E80C2ED0FC61D01500D3C01FD" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<quantity id="70AD679D520718FF3307F19AB9B4F742" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="4.1" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="4.9" valueMin="4.1">4.1–4.9 mm</quantity>
, in
<taxonomicName id="CB6F96BC4023E852741A496C8B40B139" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isikdagensis">
<emphasis id="3F0AAE577A014E0BB4D673F65A522CF0" italics="true">A. isikdagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<quantity id="70B807D21D5EC00970F81492015A95C3" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.15" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="4.5" unit="mm" value="5.15" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5.8 mm</quantity>
and the colour of the appendages: in
<taxonomicName id="46BBB866A4ABBA925C5D4E7B9231C3BF" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alberti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FB2A96F5D9F2A8F5C7B6190FA965A0FC" italics="true">L. alberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4C27C572C0E1454E40C9F0EAD9566C9E" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
the legs are blackish brown to very dark brown (Fig.
<figureCitation id="39D7FE093FC58429197F3B1BC67D5E7E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a – i whole beetles a, b A. kraatzi a AF, Kabul, ♀ b KZ, Kyzil Kum c, d A. isikdagensis, TR, Ḉamildere c ♂ paratype d ♀ paratype e – g A. alberti sp. nov., TR. Rize, Ovitdagi e holotype ♂ f paratype ♂ g paratype ♀ h A. alberti?, ♂, AR, Armenia i A. isikdagensis?, ♂, TR, Artvin. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097461">3 e – g</figureCitation>
), in
<taxonomicName id="217C03F57EB627738E238DB359912DA2" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isikdagensis">
<emphasis id="385E3BA9A004F9CFC3A379C130FBD3FC" italics="true">A. isikdagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mid brown (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FB2F4ADF12E95D587E1593CD08EFA421" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a – i whole beetles a, b A. kraatzi a AF, Kabul, ♀ b KZ, Kyzil Kum c, d A. isikdagensis, TR, Ḉamildere c ♂ paratype d ♀ paratype e – g A. alberti sp. nov., TR. Rize, Ovitdagi e holotype ♂ f paratype ♂ g paratype ♀ h A. alberti?, ♂, AR, Armenia i A. isikdagensis?, ♂, TR, Artvin. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097461">3 c, d</figureCitation>
). The maxillary palpi are metallic black to very dark blackish brown in
<taxonomicName id="BB71C4789AD3D29D5A3B147BE536E054" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alberti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="662807FD2D8FBB20262B399A135CE839" italics="true">A. alberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AFCD2F06D58C4B3F5323923FE2FE635" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
as against mid brown in
<taxonomicName id="DE03F4436DFA088F3160D5C708C0B5C5" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isikdagensis">
<emphasis id="057AC98BC8DB5EAF1DC6E134E405663F" italics="true">A. isikdagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(metallic black in the
<collectingRegion id="4B4D1323892A51D8FE3ADD755D53BA3D" country="Turkey" name="Artvin">Artvin</collectingRegion>
specimen). In
<taxonomicName id="50C153D7604DF1CEFB7CCA0F4571E73F" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isikdagensis">
<emphasis id="E03CC052D0EF74FFE578CF8EFD869E9C" italics="true">A. isikdagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there is a sexual dimorphism in the head: the males with the central area of the clypeus clearly more strongly bulging upwards than in females, and the outer margin of the genae almost continuous with the clypeal margin in the male, but distinctly angled outwards in the female. In
<taxonomicName id="EC00DD86A139C1BB813D055BBEF3824E" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alberti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="716D71226E7AAA6AF0CF456BC472F6FB" italics="true">A. alberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="982960E91C075B15885ED6EB060B172E" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
the central area of the clypeus of both sexes bulges upwards strongly, and the outer margin of the genae is almost continuous with that of the clypeus. The epipharynxes of the two species show some clear differences: in
<taxonomicName id="88464CDC572B58163CF93BB96463D16D" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isikdagensis">
<emphasis id="0F3B7C4009B458ED0B6A3B8693C5C63D" italics="true">A. isikdagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the median darkened area is broadly triangular, widest at its base, there are six or seven chaetopedia each side, and the rows of apophobae are arranged in narrow bands, ca two bristles wide, while in
<taxonomicName id="00288B3FEB2CE30E58E3A0F3A27F942B" authorityName="Angus &amp; Maté &amp; Angus &amp; Král" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alberti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8DF8509920783649F0C104FCAA3F075B" italics="true">A. alberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="32954D9C017989C0FC0A4BF969A183D9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
the darkened area is narrowed over its basal 1 / 3, there are four chaetopedia each side and the rows of apophobae are as single lines (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B16B844DC71A6E6CC6245A8CFFFC8A0B" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. a – k epipharynxes a, b A. kraatzi, SV c, d A. isikdagensis paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere e, f A. felix sp. nov., paratypes g, h A. bameuli paratypes i A. alberti?, AR j A. krelli sp. nov., paratype k, l A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes. Scale bar: 0.5 mm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097467">8 c, d, k, l</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EWGDM" type="description">
<paragraph id="5304CF7D4551EE4FAD33BC3C91DE1FB9">
<heading id="398AA2312AE69334D61F4E3CA301FF24" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29E3A428707B86630A395FD83B87FDA0">
General appearance (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9BDF57D6560B83743998BB61CE0C1EC6" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a – i whole beetles a, b A. kraatzi a AF, Kabul, ♀ b KZ, Kyzil Kum c, d A. isikdagensis, TR, Ḉamildere c ♂ paratype d ♀ paratype e – g A. alberti sp. nov., TR. Rize, Ovitdagi e holotype ♂ f paratype ♂ g paratype ♀ h A. alberti?, ♂, AR, Armenia i A. isikdagensis?, ♂, TR, Artvin. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097461">3 e – g</figureCitation>
). Length 4.1–4.5 (
<specimenCount id="AE36495769E9F097057BBBC8505C230F" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
),
<quantity id="2C2DFE3F42280956C8CE5A2CD5694004" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="4.1" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="4.9" valueMin="4.1">4.1–4.9 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="050432AFCCC3221478453F794032531E" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
), width
<quantity id="EDD909A6C46799D5DC3767DA01BD2E8A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9249999999999998" metricValueMax="1.95" metricValueMin="1.9" unit="mm" value="1.9249999999999998" valueMax="1.95" valueMin="1.9">1.9–1.95 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="ABB7746C4372F7CC9B8EBE2B14DF9170" count="1" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
),
<quantity id="722EF87D629545DE34942CEB6FB78615" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" unit="mm" value="1.95" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2 mm</quantity>
(
<specimenCount id="C5FC0423090E4214629CC7D825F20D3A" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
). Head (Figs
<figureCitation id="6DF6A31FF7BDA4ADBC4E8DF546E91D26" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a – i whole beetles a, b A. kraatzi a AF, Kabul, ♀ b KZ, Kyzil Kum c, d A. isikdagensis, TR, Ḉamildere c ♂ paratype d ♀ paratype e – g A. alberti sp. nov., TR. Rize, Ovitdagi e holotype ♂ f paratype ♂ g paratype ♀ h A. alberti?, ♂, AR, Armenia i A. isikdagensis?, ♂, TR, Artvin. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097461">3 e – g</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8B904C9AF467E5E4F892ECE9E512C223" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a – l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b ’ detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 c, d</figureCitation>
) black, anterior clypeal margin narrowly dark brown, excised medially, angles at sides of excision bluntly rounded. Central area of clypeus bulging upwards in both sexes, punctation fine, moderately dense, with some variation in strength, this not dependant on the sex of the specimen. Frontoclypeal suture fine and straight-transverse over central 1 / 2, with no trace of a median tubercle, then angled forward to meet the sides just anterior to the genae. Lateral margins of genae either continuous with those of clypeus or with a very slight outward angle, without sexual dimorphism. Maxillary palpi glossy blackish brown, antennae dark brown. Epipharynx (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C1B0AF4C9B333A193E550DFB43727CD8" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. a – k epipharynxes a, b A. kraatzi, SV c, d A. isikdagensis paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere e, f A. felix sp. nov., paratypes g, h A. bameuli paratypes i A. alberti?, AR j A. krelli sp. nov., paratype k, l A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes. Scale bar: 0.5 mm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097467">8 k, l</figureCitation>
) with the central tylus strongly projecting anteriorly and the anterior margin of the clithra clearly excised either side. Central darkened sclerotised epitorma triangular in apical 2 / 3, then the sides curved inwards so that the width at the base of the darkened region is ca 3 / 4 of its maximum width. Acropariae virtually absent, chaetopariae well-spaced, four each side. Surface of gymnopedia covered with small tooth-like asperities. Prophobae fairly strong, clustered at the edges of the median sclerotised mesoepitorma, apophobae fine, arranged in a single line outside the chaetopariae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F1C1B9814281FDE4153DA55A80DD7302">
Pronotum hemicylindrical, highly arched transversely, scarcely at all longitudinally. Entire lateral margins visible from above. Surface with double punctation, some specimens (male and female) have the punctation heavier with the larger punctures separated by at least twice their diameter, sparser on disc (Figs
<figureCitation id="F8098C23F1C79AB3E6331468A7E3DA42" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a – i whole beetles a, b A. kraatzi a AF, Kabul, ♀ b KZ, Kyzil Kum c, d A. isikdagensis, TR, Ḉamildere c ♂ paratype d ♀ paratype e – g A. alberti sp. nov., TR. Rize, Ovitdagi e holotype ♂ f paratype ♂ g paratype ♀ h A. alberti?, ♂, AR, Armenia i A. isikdagensis?, ♂, TR, Artvin. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097461">3 e, g</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="2489111E63F203E105ED351096CEB5DD" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a – l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b ’ detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 d</figureCitation>
), in others the punctation is sparser and finer (Figs
<figureCitation id="F4B0C75198A0BF0593D3482BF0FB9A63" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a – i whole beetles a, b A. kraatzi a AF, Kabul, ♀ b KZ, Kyzil Kum c, d A. isikdagensis, TR, Ḉamildere c ♂ paratype d ♀ paratype e – g A. alberti sp. nov., TR. Rize, Ovitdagi e holotype ♂ f paratype ♂ g paratype ♀ h A. alberti?, ♂, AR, Armenia i A. isikdagensis?, ♂, TR, Artvin. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097461">3 f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="7D0167B14F1BF1B5C011AB1F1B9B7A28" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. a – p A. plagiatus group, heads and pronota a – c A. plagiatus plagiatus a GB, Norfolk b CZ, Moravia, Dobre Pole c RU, St Petersburg d A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Qinghai, Gangca e – g A. discoides e neotype IS Kuneitra f TR, Kyzil Dag g Turkey Muş h A. discoides, black ♂, TR, Karakurt i – k A. rutilipennis i A. ressli, holotype, TR, Hatay j CY, Akrotiri k A. cypricola, holotype, CY l A. chellala sp. nov., holotype, AG, Chellala m A. rusakovi, paratype ♂, RU, Orenburg n A. ballerioi sp. nov., paratype ♂, TR, Rize o, p L. kraatzi o RU, Astrakhan p SR. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097463">5 c, d</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin completely but narrowly bordered (Figs
<figureCitation id="E4D0CEF25B0E224351976C8C5D7C1B05" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a – i whole beetles a, b A. kraatzi a AF, Kabul, ♀ b KZ, Kyzil Kum c, d A. isikdagensis, TR, Ḉamildere c ♂ paratype d ♀ paratype e – g A. alberti sp. nov., TR. Rize, Ovitdagi e holotype ♂ f paratype ♂ g paratype ♀ h A. alberti?, ♂, AR, Armenia i A. isikdagensis?, ♂, TR, Artvin. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097461">3 e – g</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B0D87DE90B6BC5FA58AAC8CEFE988ADB" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. a – l A. niger group, heads and pronota a, b A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR Ḉamildere a ♂ b ♀ b ’ detail of right lateral part of frons and gena, different orientation b ” detail of right posterior of pronotum, different orientation c, d A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdagi c holotype d ♀ paratype e A. niger, GB, Hampshire, New Forest f A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi g A. bameuli sp. nov., holotype, FR, Corsica, by Lac de Melo h A. krelli sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sardinia i A. felix sp. nov., holotype, IT, Campo Felice j A. bellumgerens sp. nov., holotype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia k, l A. wilsonae, SP k holotype, Provincia de Burgos, Balneario de Corconte l paratype, Provincia de Madrid, Manzanares el Real. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097465">6 c, d</figureCitation>
), the border not widened medially, continuous round the posterior corners. Scutellum pentagonal, elongate, glossy, sometimes with a few punctures medio-basally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B79992BD7384F4DE12E9AD826CE877F7">
Elytra black, interstices flat, 6–8 × width of the striae, with fine isodiametric reticulation and sparse fine punctures. Metaventrite (Fig.
<figureCitation id="04833D539F3602C48E72341BB7568228" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Metaventrites, A. niger group a – d A. niger a, c, d SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b GB, Hampshire, New Forest a, b ♂ c, d ♀ e, g – j A. muscorum e holotype ♀, HU, Vörös-tó f A. felix sp. nov., paratype ♂, IT, Campo Felice g ♂, HU, Hortobágyi h, i ♀♀, HU, Kisujszallas j ♀, HU, Josvafo k A. felix sp. nov. paratype ♀, IT, Campo Felice l, m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia l ♂ m ♀ n, o A. alberti sp. nov., paratypes, TR, Rize, Ovitdag n ♂, o ♀ p – r A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica p ♂ q, r ♀ s, t A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia s ♂ t ♀ u – w A. wilsonae, paratypes u, v SP, Manzanares el Real u ♂ v ♀ w ♀, SP, El Vellon x, y A. isikdagensis, paratypes, TR, Ḉamildere x ♂ y ♀. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097488">21 n, o</figureCitation>
) rather finely punctured in both sexes, flattened over median diamond-shaped plate, sometimes with an impressed median line. Legs dark blackish brown (Fig.
<figureCitation id="3C4EB562C17085537BF7DA5A71C43380" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a – i whole beetles a, b A. kraatzi a AF, Kabul, ♀ b KZ, Kyzil Kum c, d A. isikdagensis, TR, Ḉamildere c ♂ paratype d ♀ paratype e – g A. alberti sp. nov., TR. Rize, Ovitdagi e holotype ♂ f paratype ♂ g paratype ♀ h A. alberti?, ♂, AR, Armenia i A. isikdagensis?, ♂, TR, Artvin. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097461">3 e – g</figureCitation>
), basal segment of mesotarsi elongate, slightly longer than the longer tibial spur (Fig.
<figureCitation id="EDA7E9403B1B58BD6A8B98C0C9E7DE6B" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Legs a – h A. plagiatus group, stacked photographs mid tarsi and apical portions of tibiae a A. plagiatus sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Gangca, Qinghai b A. rodrigoi sp. nov. holotype, SP, Aranjuez c A. rutilipennis (A. ressli, holotype), TR, Hatay d A. chellala sp. nov., holotype, AG, Chellala e A. discoides, neotype, IS, Keneitra f, g A. kraatzi f SV g RU, Karasuk, W. Siberia h A. rusakovi, paratype ♂, RU, Orenburg i – t A. niger group, mid tarsi, and tibial apices i – o SEM images p – t stacked photographs i A. niger, Sweden, Södermanland, Tullgarn j A. muscorum, HU, Hortobágyi k, l A. bameuli sp. nov., paratypes, FR, Corsica m, n A. krelli sp. nov., paratypes, IT, Sardinia o A. wilsonae, paratype SP p, q A. felix sp. nov, IT, Abruzzo, Campo Felice p paratype q holotype r A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily s A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere t A. alberti sp. nov., holotype, TR, Rize, Ovitdag u, v fore tibiae and tarsi of ♂♂ to show the spur. u A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype, FR, Corsica v A. rusakovi, paratype, RU, Orenburg w, x apex of hind tibia to show the short spines w A. muscorum, HU x A. wilsonae, paratype, SP. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097482">
<quantity id="83068B5F127FB04F321C7F71B5759606" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.8" unit="t" value="18.0">18 t</quantity>
</figureCitation>
). The legs and metaventrite Fig.
<figureCitation id="64D365754A7324E0826123E5AA3F7CC7" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Metaventrites, A. plagiatus group a A. plagiatus plagiatus, GB, Studland, ♂ b A. p. sinoplagiatus ssp. nov., paratype, CH, Gansu, ♀ c, d A. rutilipennis, CY c ♂ d ♀ e, f A. chellala sp. nov., paratypes, AG e ♂ f ♀ g, h A. kraatzi, RU, Orenburg, ♂ i A. kraatzi, SK, ♀ j A. rodrigoi sp. nov., holotype, ♂, SP, Provinicia de Madrid, Aranjuez k, l A. discoides k neotype ♂, IS, Kuneitra l TR, ♀ m, n A. rusakovi m paratype, ♂, RU, Orenburg n ♀ RU, Volgograd oblast’. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097486">20 o</figureCitation>
appear unnaturally pale brown due to the intense lighting.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="392B081013D9088FF4119AA591292FD8">
Aedeagus (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2682E436CB1967CECDB125ADD1FD63BF" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. A. niger group aedeagi, cleared preparations mounted in DMHF on slides a – g, m – o dorsoventral view h – l, p right lateral view a A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype c A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere d A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia e – f A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdag e paratype, after squashing f the same specimen, before squashing g, h, j A. alberti sp. nov., different paratypes i A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, paramere k A. isikdagensis?, TR, Artvin l A. alberti?, Armenia m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia n A. bellumgerens, paratype IT, Sicily, Nebrodi o A. wilsonae, paratype, SP, Manzanares el Real p A. muscorum, HU, Hortobági. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097494">24 e – j</figureCitation>
) Aedeagus length ca
<quantity id="656B9BFECC9D2B5945B83682A6D4FAE7" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
, parameres length ca
<quantity id="FC71400D1A2929653DC75D852EDE9188" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" unit="mm" value="0.44">0.44 mm</quantity>
, basal piece length ca
<quantity id="6C50E541D7F638D8439D2EC7529A825E" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8999999999999995" unit="mm" value="0.59">0.59 mm</quantity>
. Length of tooth-field ca
<quantity id="7D9CE1B5F3ECD5B928152DCD0A831C9F" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" unit="mm" value="0.58">0.58 mm</quantity>
, length of longest teeth ca 54 µm. Parameres in lateral view weakly to moderately downturned apically (Fig.
<figureCitation id="5A93AD7BA6F32B153193138AD2FFBDAE" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. A. niger group aedeagi, cleared preparations mounted in DMHF on slides a – g, m – o dorsoventral view h – l, p right lateral view a A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype c A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere d A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia e – f A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdag e paratype, after squashing f the same specimen, before squashing g, h, j A. alberti sp. nov., different paratypes i A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, paramere k A. isikdagensis?, TR, Artvin l A. alberti?, Armenia m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia n A. bellumgerens, paratype IT, Sicily, Nebrodi o A. wilsonae, paratype, SP, Manzanares el Real p A. muscorum, HU, Hortobági. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097494">24 h – j</figureCitation>
). In dorsoventral view sensory area either not visible (Fig.
<figureCitation id="54A09AC5C25C56640DC3F47F96E9B37F" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. A. niger group aedeagi, cleared preparations mounted in DMHF on slides a – g, m – o dorsoventral view h – l, p right lateral view a A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype c A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere d A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia e – f A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdag e paratype, after squashing f the same specimen, before squashing g, h, j A. alberti sp. nov., different paratypes i A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, paramere k A. isikdagensis?, TR, Artvin l A. alberti?, Armenia m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia n A. bellumgerens, paratype IT, Sicily, Nebrodi o A. wilsonae, paratype, SP, Manzanares el Real p A. muscorum, HU, Hortobági. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097494">
<quantity id="9E1CFAB6795603D61AAFDBC10DF8EC07" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.4" unit="g" value="24.0">24 g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
, the
<typeStatus id="8C049856F7F451256164D6FC415016D9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
), or visible after squashing as a curved band round the paramere apex (Fig.
<figureCitation id="CE8DAC32068BBF5CB92580309EB9B0E3" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F24" captionText="Figure 24. A. niger group aedeagi, cleared preparations mounted in DMHF on slides a – g, m – o dorsoventral view h – l, p right lateral view a A. niger, SV, Södermanland, Tullgarn b A. bameuli sp. nov., paratype c A. isikdagensis, paratype, TR, Ḉamildere d A. krelli sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sardinia e – f A. alberti sp. nov., TR, Rize, Ovitdag e paratype, after squashing f the same specimen, before squashing g, h, j A. alberti sp. nov., different paratypes i A. alberti sp. nov., paratype, paramere k A. isikdagensis?, TR, Artvin l A. alberti?, Armenia m A. bellumgerens sp. nov., paratype, IT, Sicily, Piano Battaglia n A. bellumgerens, paratype IT, Sicily, Nebrodi o A. wilsonae, paratype, SP, Manzanares el Real p A. muscorum, HU, Hortobági. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097494">24 e, f, a</figureCitation>
<typeStatus id="DC061A582CA331B982E23792EB0F7CB2" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
). The parameres struts are clearly less darkened in the
<typeStatus id="C3ED8F0C23CB94DD8D2E344F84F4D53B" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, suggesting that the aedeagus is less fully hardened, which would render it more prone to squashing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EKJDM" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="D78BC8D95F4DA79D8B51EFF4C8ACB1FF">
<heading id="9E7EF003027DEA623B30DCBB93DFAE29" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C8C682F2D3BEE5DCF8C343AAA1C8FA12">
Apparently widespread on high ground in
<collectingCountry id="E060AC2244D234B0B35B9F398B0EB59A" name="Turkey">Anatolia</collectingCountry>
and possibly extending into
<collectingCountry id="877D6F55DB92605F99340253AAFE0AFE" name="Armenia">Armenia</collectingCountry>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="5594852E19A52F9154CCAA6CDC39DCE7" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. a distribution of niger - group taxa in Western and Central Europe b distribution of Liothorax species in Central and Eastern Palearctic c distribution of plagiatus - group species in Central and Eastern Palearctic. The record of isikdagensis with the question mark indicates a doubtful specimen from Artvin Çam, TR (Ziani Coll)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097509">29 a</figureCitation>
). According to
<emphasis id="9F9CB61CF1591F889D6D9222ADF24981" italics="true">A.</emphasis>
Ballerio (pers. comm.,
<date id="30FA95A83A8E03225EAAE26A8578D298" value="2023-06-16">16. vi. 2023</date>
) the
<taxonomicName id="DFBBD6B94896F1FC381EA794FC147F38" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Liothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EFF5B6A1F4110030EE710BE7264488D" italics="true">Liothorax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found on snow patches and in puddles at the sides of the road passing through Ovit pass, a typical alpine prairie (Fig.
<figureCitation id="4056593B40DE5CF4616775113881D3B3" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Habitat pictures a A. plagiatus, RU, Pavlosk Park b A. rodrigoi sp. nov., SP, Toledo, Quero c A. p. sinoplagiatus, CN, Tibet, Ganca d A. kraatzi, RU, Astrakhan oblast’ e A. alberti sp. nov., TU, Ovit Dağı (photograph Copyright Yunus Yasuv) f A. felix sp. nov., IT, Campo Felice." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1207.117225.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1097505">28 e</figureCitation>
). They were mixed with fewer
<taxonomicName id="A75F8E62889D33B262DF57C47CF27A42" authority="Pittino &amp; Ballerio, 1994" authorityName="Pittino &amp; Ballerio" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovitensis" subGenus="Neagolius">
<emphasis id="0A869695BB770C0C54AAD264602B252C" italics="true">Aphodius</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="F91785E5B56D8AA7C65A359853FF2A7E" italics="true">Neagolius</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="CBE6FD177B64CA14E83D827F9DE594A8" italics="true">ovitensis</emphasis>
Pittino &amp; Ballerio, 1994
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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