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<mods:title>The snakeflies of the Mediterranean islands: review and biogeographical analysis (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Aspoeck, Horst</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Aspoeck, Ulrike</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Entomology, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria &amp; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ulrike.aspoeck@nhm-wien.ac.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6Q3F8" LSID="67F9BFAB-D902-50AD-9C07-3A8A3C28492D" authority="(Burmeister, 1839)" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Phaeostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major" subGenus="Magnoraphidia">Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major (Burmeister, 1839)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidia major" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">Raphidia major</taxonomicName>
Burmeister, 1839 (odescr): H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 1991
</bibRefCitation>
(mon).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Phaeostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major" subGenus="Magnoraphidia">Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Burmeister, HCC" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B68" refString="Burmeister, HCC, 1839. Handbuch der Entomologie. 2. Bd. Besondere Entomologie. 2. Abt. Kaukerfe. Gymnognatha. (2. Haelfte, vulgo Neuroptera). Th. Chr. F. Enslin, Berlin, 757-1050." title="Handbuch der Entomologie. 2. Bd. Besondere Entomologie. 2. Abt. Kaukerfe. Gymnognatha. (2. Haelfte, vulgo Neuroptera). Th. Chr. F. Enslin, Berlin, 757 - 1050." year="1839">Burmeister 1839</bibRefCitation>
): H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="67 - 111" refId="B43" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1989. The Raphidioptera of the Eastern Mediterranean: A Zoogeographical Analysis. Biologia Gallo-Hellenica 15: 67 - 111" title="The Raphidioptera of the Eastern Mediterranean: A Zoogeographical Analysis." volume="15" year="1989">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 1989
</bibRefCitation>
(biogeogr, distr); H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 1991
</bibRefCitation>
(mon); 
<bibRefCitation author="Devetak, D" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="239 - 242" refId="B76" refString="Devetak, D, 1992b. Mrezekrilci Kraskega roba. Proteus (Shippensburg, Pa.) 54: 239 - 242" title="Mrezekrilci Kraskega roba. Proteus (Shippensburg, Pa." volume="54" year="1992 b">Devetak 1992b</bibRefCitation>
(distr); H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" editor="Canard, M" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Neuropterology. (Insecta: Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera). Cairo, Egypt, 2 - 7 May 1994" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="31 - 86" refId="B37" refString="Aspoeck, H, Hoelzel, H, 1996. The Neuropteroidea of North Africa, Mediterranean Asia and of Europe: a comparative review (Insecta). In: Canard, M, Aspoeck, H, Mansell, MW, Eds., Pure and Applied Research in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Neuropterology. (Insecta: Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera). Cairo, Egypt, 2-7 May 1994: 31 - 86" title="The Neuropteroidea of North Africa, Mediterranean Asia and of Europe: a comparative review (Insecta)." volumeTitle="Pure and Applied Research in Neuropterology." year="1996">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hölzel">Hoelzel</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
(distr); H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Denisia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 606" refId="B47" refString="Aspoeck, H, Hoelzel, H, Aspoeck, U, 2001. Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaearktis. Denisia 02: 1 - 606" title="Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaearktis." volume="02" year="2001">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
(anncat); 
<bibRefCitation author="Troeger, EJ" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B214" refString="Troeger, EJ, 2002. Netzfluegler (Neuropterida) in Franken. Galathea, Nuernberg 13(Supplement): 37-69." title="Netzfluegler (Neuropterida) in Franken. Galathea, Nuernberg 13 (Supplement): 37 - 69." year="2002">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tröger">Troeger</normalizedToken>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
(rec); 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, U" journalOrPublisher="Internationalen Symposiums ueber Entomofaunistik in Mitteleuropa [SIEEC])" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="29 - 38" refId="B58" refString="Aspoeck, U, Aspoeck, H, 2005a. Verbreitungsgrenzen von Neuropterida in Mitteleuropa. Linzer biologische Beitraege (Verhandlungen des XVIII. Internationalen Symposiums ueber Entomofaunistik in Mitteleuropa [SIEEC]) 37: 29 - 38" title="Verbreitungsgrenzen von Neuropterida in Mitteleuropa. Linzer biologische Beitraege (Verhandlungen des XVIII." volume="37" year="2005 a">
U. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
and H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
2005a
</bibRefCitation>
(biogeogr); 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, U" editor="Dathe, HH" journalOrPublisher="Teil: Insecta. Lehrbuch der Speziellen Zoologie. Begruendet von A. Kaestner. Zweite Auflage. Korrigierter Nachdruck. Gruner HE (Ed.) Band I: Wirbellose Tiere. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="540 - 541" refId="B59" refString="Aspoeck, U, Aspoeck, H, 2005b. Neuropterida (Neuropteroidea, Neuroptera sensu lato), Ordnungen 28-30. In: Dathe, HH, Ed., 5. Teil: Insecta. Lehrbuch der Speziellen Zoologie. Begruendet von A. Kaestner. Zweite Auflage. Korrigierter Nachdruck. Gruner HE (Ed.) Band I: Wirbellose Tiere. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin: 540 - 541" title="Neuropterida (Neuropteroidea, Neuroptera sensu lato), Ordnungen 28 - 30." volumeTitle="5." year="2005 b">
U. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
and H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
2005b
</bibRefCitation>
(ill: pu); 
<bibRefCitation author="Lange, L" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="56 - 57" refId="B110" refString="Lange, L, 2010. 936. Ratzeburgs Kamelhalsfliege Puncha ratzeburgi (Brauer, 1876) und andere Kamelhalsfliegen aus Norddeutschland (Raphidioptera). Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte 54 (1): 56 - 57" title="936. Ratzeburgs Kamelhalsfliege Puncha ratzeburgi (Brauer, 1876) und andere Kamelhalsfliegen aus Norddeutschland (Raphidioptera)." volume="54" year="2010">Lange 2010</bibRefCitation>
(rec); 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="9 - 155" refId="B32" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, 2013. Woher kommen die Namen? Die validen rezenten Taxa der Kamelhalsfliegen der Erde: Systematisches Verzeichnis und Etymologie (Insecta: Endopterygota: Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 20: 9 - 155" title="Woher kommen die Namen? Die validen rezenten Taxa der Kamelhalsfliegen der Erde: Systematisches Verzeichnis und Etymologie (Insecta: Endopterygota: Neuropterida: Raphidioptera)." volume="20" year="2013">
H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
and U. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
(cat, etymol), 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="9 - 152" refId="B33" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, 2014. Die Autoren der Taxa der rezenten Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Endopterygota). Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 21: 9 - 152" title="Die Autoren der Taxa der rezenten Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Endopterygota)." volume="21" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
(cat); 
<bibRefCitation author="Sziraki, G" journalOrPublisher="Folia Historico-Naturalia Musei Matraensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="87 - 90" refId="B206" refString="Sziraki, G, 2014. Data to the Raphidioptera fauna of the Balkan Peninsula and Crete. Folia Historico-Naturalia Musei Matraensis 38: 87 - 90" title="Data to the Raphidioptera fauna of the Balkan Peninsula and Crete." volume="38" year="2014">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sziráki">Sziraki</normalizedToken>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
(rec); 
<bibRefCitation author="Weissmair, W" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="43 - 56" refId="B220" refString="Weissmair, W, Rausch, H, Rausch, R, 2021. Raphidioptera (Kamelhalsfliegen) in ausgewaehlten Streuobstkulturen in Oberoesterreich. Entomologica Austriaca 28: 43 - 56" title="Raphidioptera (Kamelhalsfliegen) in ausgewaehlten Streuobstkulturen in Oberoesterreich." volume="28" year="2021">Weissmair et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
(biol, ecol).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Phaeostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaeostigma major" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">Phaeostigma major</taxonomicName>
(Burmeister): H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 1991
</bibRefCitation>
(mon); 
<bibRefCitation author="Saure, C" editor="Auhagen, A" journalOrPublisher="Landschaftsentwicklung und Umweltforschung S" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="237 - 241" refId="B188" refString="Saure, C, Gerstberger, M, 1991. Standardliste und Rote Liste der Neuropteroidea (Netzfluegler s.l.) von Berlin. In: Auhagen, A, Platen, R, Sukopp, H, Eds., Rote Listen der gefaehrdeten Pflanzen und Tiere in Berlin. Landschaftsentwicklung und Umweltforschung S 6: 237 - 241" title="Standardliste und Rote Liste der Neuropteroidea (Netzfluegler s. l.) von Berlin." volume="6" volumeTitle="Rote Listen der gefaehrdeten Pflanzen und Tiere in Berlin." year="1991">Saure and Gerstberger 1991</bibRefCitation>
(ecol, rec); 
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(paras); 
<bibRefCitation author="Roehricht, W" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaftliche Beitraege des Museum Dessau" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="135 - 156" refId="B185" refString="Roehricht, W, 1996. Netzfluegler und Schnabelfliegen aus Mitteldeutschland. Naturwissenschaftliche Beitraege des Museum Dessau 9: 135 - 156" title="Netzfluegler und Schnabelfliegen aus Mitteldeutschland." volume="9" year="1996">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Röhricht">Roehricht</normalizedToken>
1996
</bibRefCitation>
(rec); 
<bibRefCitation author="Saure, C" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="75 - 82" refId="B187" refString="Saure, C, 1996. Die Kamelhalsfliegen (Raphidioptera) der Mark - Beitrag zur Tierwelt von Brandenburg und Berlin. Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte 40: 75 - 82" title="Die Kamelhalsfliegen (Raphidioptera) der Mark - Beitrag zur Tierwelt von Brandenburg und Berlin." volume="40" year="1996">Saure 1996</bibRefCitation>
(biogeogr, ecol, rec); 
<bibRefCitation author="Sziraki, G" editor="Mahunka, S" journalOrPublisher="2). Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="389 - 396" refId="B207" refString="Sziraki, G, Popov, A, 1996. Neuropteroidea of the Buekk National Park. In: Mahunka, S, Ed., The Fauna of the Buekk National Park (Vol. 2). Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest: 389 - 396" title="Neuropteroidea of the Buekk National Park." volumeTitle="The Fauna of the Buekk National Park (Vol." year="1996">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sziráki">Sziraki</normalizedToken>
and Popov 1996
</bibRefCitation>
(rec); 
<bibRefCitation author="Achtelig, M" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B6" refString="Achtelig, M, 1997. Kamelhalsfliegen (Ins. Raphidioptera) aus der Umgebung von Wuerzburg. Galathea, Nuernberg 3(Suppl.): 48-51." title="Kamelhalsfliegen (Ins. Raphidioptera) aus der Umgebung von Wuerzburg. Galathea, Nuernberg 3 (Suppl.): 48 - 51." year="1997">Achtelig 1997</bibRefCitation>
(ecol, rec); 
<bibRefCitation author="Sziraki, G" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Neuropterology. (Insecta: Neuroptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera) Cairo, Egypt, 2 - 7 May 1994" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B204" refString="Sziraki, G, 1999. Neuropteroidea of the Aggtelek National Park. The Fauna of the Aggtelek National Park: 143-149." title="Neuropteroidea of the Aggtelek National Park. The Fauna of the Aggtelek National Park: 143 - 149." year="1999">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sziráki">Sziraki</normalizedToken>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
(rec); 
<bibRefCitation author="Roehricht, W" journalOrPublisher="Naturwissenschaftliche Beitraege des Museums Dessau" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="82 - 92" refId="B186" refString="Roehricht, W, 2000. Netzfluegler und Schnabelfliegen aus Mitteldeutschland. (1. Nachtrag). Naturwissenschaftliche Beitraege des Museums Dessau 12: 82 - 92" title="Netzfluegler und Schnabelfliegen aus Mitteldeutschland. (1. Nachtrag)." volume="12" year="2000">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Röhricht">Roehricht</normalizedToken>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
(rec); 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.24394/NatSom.2001.1.253" author="Abraham, L" journalOrPublisher="Natura Somogyiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="253 - 260" refId="B2" refString="Abraham, L, 2001. Somogy megye recesszarnyu-alkatuinak katalogusa (Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera). Natura Somogyiensis 1 (1): 253 - 260, DOI: https://doi.org/10.24394/NatSom.2001.1.253" title="Somogy megye recesszarnyu-alkatuinak katalogusa (Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.24394/NatSom.2001.1.253" volume="1" year="2001">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ábrahám">Abraham</normalizedToken>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
(list, rec); 
<bibRefCitation author="Gruppe, A" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur bayerischen Entomofaunistik" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="243 - 254" refId="B96" refString="Gruppe, A, Gossner, M, Simon, U, 2004. Neuropteren in Waeldern Schwabens und Oberbayerns. Beitraege zur bayerischen Entomofaunistik 6: 243 - 254" title="Neuropteren in Waeldern Schwabens und Oberbayerns." volume="6" year="2004">Gruppe et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
(ecol, rec); 
<bibRefCitation author="Popov, A" editor="Beron, P" journalOrPublisher="2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft &amp; National Museum of Natural History, Sofia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="371 - 378" refId="B172" refString="Popov, A, 2004. List of Raphidioptera, Neuroptera and Mecoptera published from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). In: Beron, P, Popov, A, Eds., Biodiversity of Bulgaria. 2. Biodiversity of Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece). Pensoft &amp; National Museum of Natural History, Sofia: 371 - 378" title="List of Raphidioptera, Neuroptera and Mecoptera published from the Eastern Rhodopes (Bulgaria and Greece)." volumeTitle="Biodiversity of Bulgaria." year="2004">Popov 2004</bibRefCitation>
(chorol); 
<bibRefCitation author="Abraham, L" journalOrPublisher="] Folia comloensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="201 - 218" refId="B3" refString="Abraham, L, 2006. A Mecsek recesszarnyu-alkatu faunaja es ujabb faunisztikai adatai (Neuropterida: Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera). [= The lacewing fauna of the Mecsek Mountains and its new faunistical data (Neuropterida: Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera).] Folia comloensis 15: 201 - 218" title="A Mecsek recesszarnyu-alkatu faunaja es ujabb faunisztikai adatai (Neuropterida: Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera). [= The lacewing fauna of the Mecsek Mountains and its new faunistical data (Neuropterida: Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera)." volume="15" year="2006">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ábrahám">Abraham</normalizedToken>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
(rec); 
<bibRefCitation author="Gruppe, A" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur bayerischen Entomofaunistik" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B89" refString="Gruppe, A, 2006b. Vergleich der Neuropteren-Zoenosen auf Tanne und Fichte in Bayern (Neuropterida: Raphidioptera, Neuroptera). Beitraege zur bayerischen Entomofaunistik 8: 1 - 11" title="Vergleich der Neuropteren-Zoenosen auf Tanne und Fichte in Bayern (Neuropterida: Raphidioptera, Neuroptera)." volume="8" year="2006 b">Gruppe 2006b</bibRefCitation>
(ecol, rec); 
<bibRefCitation author="Gruppe, A" editor="Pantaleoni, RA" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Ferrara" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="145 - 152" refId="B92" refString="Gruppe, A, Mueller, J, 2007. Distribution of Neuropterida in beech dominated forests in southern Germany. In: Pantaleoni, RA, Letardi, A, Corazza, C, Eds., Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Neuropterology, Ferrara, Italy, 20-23 June 2005. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Ferrara 8: 145 - 152" title="Distribution of Neuropterida in beech dominated forests in southern Germany." volume="8" volumeTitle="Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Neuropterology, Ferrara, Italy, 20 - 23 June 2005." year="2007">
Gruppe and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
(ecol, rec); 
<bibRefCitation author="Gruppe, A" editor="Floren, A" journalOrPublisher="Basic and applied studies from the high frontier. Bioform entomology, Nuernberg" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="145 - 156" refId="B90" refString="Gruppe, A, 2008. Diversity and host tree preference of Neuropterida (Insecta) in mixed forest stands in Germany. In: Floren, A, Schmidl, J, Eds., Canopy Arthropod Research in Europe. Basic and applied studies from the high frontier. Bioform entomology, Nuernberg: 145 - 156" title="Diversity and host tree preference of Neuropterida (Insecta) in mixed forest stands in Germany." volumeTitle="Canopy Arthropod Research in Europe." year="2008">Gruppe 2008</bibRefCitation>
(ecol, rec).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Phaeostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) majus" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="majus" subGenus="Magnoraphidia">Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) majus</taxonomicName>
(Burmeister): 
<bibRefCitation author="Letardi, A" journalOrPublisher="Fragmenta Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B121" refString="Letardi, A, Nicoli Aldini, R, Pantaleoni, RA, 2010. The Neuropterida of Triveneto (Northern Italy): an updated faunal checklist with some zoogeographical remarks. In: Devetak D, Lipovsek S, Arnett AE (Eds) Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Neuropterology. Piran, Slovenia, 22-25 June 2008: 181-189. University of Maribor, Maribor." title="The Neuropterida of Triveneto (Northern Italy): an updated faunal checklist with some zoogeographical remarks. In: Devetak D, Lipovsek S, Arnett AE (Eds) Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Neuropterology. Piran, Slovenia, 22 - 25 June 2008: 181 - 189. University of Maribor, Maribor." year="2010">Letardi et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
(rec).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1839" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Phaeostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaeostigma majus" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="majus">Phaeostigma majus</taxonomicName>
(Burmeister): 
<bibRefCitation author="Tillier, P" journalOrPublisher="Entomologiste" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="249 - 268" refId="B211" refString="Tillier, P, Claude, J, Danflous, S, Decoin, R, Touroult, J, Vincent, A, 2022a. Contribution a la connaissance des Raphidiopteres de France (Raphidioptera). -. Entomologiste 78 (4): 249 - 268" title="Contribution a la connaissance des Raphidiopteres de France (Raphidioptera). -." volume="78" year="2022 a">Tillier et al. 2022a</bibRefCitation>
(rec).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="taxonomy">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Taxonomy.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. (1991)
</bibRefCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. (M.) major" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major" subGenus="M.">Ph. (M.) major</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a. Ornatoraphidia flavilabris, larva. Italy, Calabria, Sila Grande. Foto: F. Anderle, now Denner; b. Phaeostigma (Graecoraphidia) d. divina, ♂. Greece, Viotia, Parnassos. Foto: P. Sehnal; c. Phaeostigma (Graecoraphidia) d. divina, ♀. Greece, Viotia, Parnassos. Foto: P. Sehnal; d. Phaeostigma (Crassoraphidia) cyprica, ♂. Cyprus, Troodos Mountain. Foto: H. Aspoeck; e. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major, ♂. Lower Austria, Duernstein. Foto: H. Bruckner; f. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major; ♀. Lower Austria, Duernstein. Foto: H. Bruckner; g. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major, larva. Lower Austria, Eichkogel near Moedling. Foto: H. Bruckner; h. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) flammi, larva. Greece, Pilion. Foto: H. Bruckner." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.101559.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845501" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">3e, f</figureCitation>
) is the sister taxon of all other species of the major complex (i.e. all species of the subgenus except 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. (M.) klimeschi" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="klimeschi" subGenus="M.">Ph. (M.) klimeschi</taxonomicName>
(H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
&amp; U. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
) and can easily be distinguished in both sexes by characters of the genital segments.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Biology and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
Larvae (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. a. Ornatoraphidia flavilabris, larva. Italy, Calabria, Sila Grande. Foto: F. Anderle, now Denner; b. Phaeostigma (Graecoraphidia) d. divina, ♂. Greece, Viotia, Parnassos. Foto: P. Sehnal; c. Phaeostigma (Graecoraphidia) d. divina, ♀. Greece, Viotia, Parnassos. Foto: P. Sehnal; d. Phaeostigma (Crassoraphidia) cyprica, ♂. Cyprus, Troodos Mountain. Foto: H. Aspoeck; e. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major, ♂. Lower Austria, Duernstein. Foto: H. Bruckner; f. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major; ♀. Lower Austria, Duernstein. Foto: H. Bruckner; g. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major, larva. Lower Austria, Eichkogel near Moedling. Foto: H. Bruckner; h. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) flammi, larva. Greece, Pilion. Foto: H. Bruckner." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.101559.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845501" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">3g</figureCitation>
) live under bark of a great variety of deciduous trees, but may sometimes (particularly in the southeast of Europe) be found on conifers. Development two, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Subilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Subilla three" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="three">Subilla three</taxonomicName>
or more years. Last hibernating stage: full-grown larva. Adults: (IV)V-VI(VII). 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. (M.) major" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major" subGenus="M.">Ph. (M.) major</taxonomicName>
occurs in a great variety of habitats with trees in altitudes from 0 to ca. 1000 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="records on mediterranean islands">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Records on Mediterranean islands</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. a. Records of Ornatoraphidia christianodagmara, Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major, Ph. (M.) flammi, Ph. (Pontoraphidia) setulosa aegea, and of Ph. (Superboraphidia) minois, on Mediterranean islands; b. Records of Phaeostigma (Grecoraphidia) divina retsinata, and of species of Aegeoraphidia, Ph. (Aegeoraphidia) raddai, Ph. (Ae.) prophetica, Ph. (Ae.) karpathana, and of Ph. (Ae.) biroi, on Mediterranean islands." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.70.101559.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845507" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">9a</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Levkas, Kefalonia. Probably the species can also be found on other Ionian islands. Syntopic species on Levkas: 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Stein" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Parvoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parvoraphidia microstigma" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microstigma">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Parvoraphidia microstigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Costa" baseAuthorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Ornatoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ornatoraphidia flavilabris" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavilabris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Ornatoraphidia flavilabris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="H. Aspoeck &amp; U. Aspoeck" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Subilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Subilla artemis" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artemis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Subilla artemis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Stein" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Dichrostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dichrostigma flavipes" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Dichrostigma flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Continental distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Balkan Peninsula, Central Europe (including eastern France and northern Germany), Eastern Europe.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="biogeography">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Biogeography.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. (M.) major" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major" subGenus="M.">Ph. (M.) major</taxonomicName>
is a monocentric Balkanopontomediterranean faunal element with considerable expansivity. 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ph. major" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Ph. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only monocentric Balkanopontomediterranean snakefly which has reached the northern coast of Germany.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>